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studies were conducted, primarily with LSD. These investigators sought to discover the receptor binding sites for hallucinogenic compounds in the brain and to understand the mechanisms underlying the genesis of psychedelic visions. Today, we still lack a sound theoretical framework able to explain the relationship between chemical compounds and the manifestation of their psychoactivity. Even though basic research is certainly important, its methods, unfortunately, are often a function of a rather one-sided pharmacological approach to investigating the effects of psilocybin, LSD and mescaline - an approach that is, in fact, too narrow to address the remarkably unusual nature of these substances and their effects. Misunderstandings between pharmacologists and toxicologists on the one hand and psychiatrists and psychologists on the other can often be traced all the way back to the 1950's, creating a legacy of disputes and arguments that have yet to be resolved. S. Grof undertook the tedious task of analyzing 5,000 experimental LSD protocols in an effort to isolate "absolute" symptoms that are reported or occur all of the time. His results were negative. According to Grof, hallucinogenic substances are non-specific triggers causing a sequence of altered states of consciousness, which do not fit the syndrome labeled "toxic psychosis". Rather, it is the individual's personality, along with the experimental setting that significantly shape the nature of the psychedelic experience. This view is shared by a majority of experts with considerable experience in conducting psychedelics-assisted psychotherapy. Even "real" somatic symptoms, such as nausea or vomiting, can often be controlled through psychological intervention techniques administered by trained professionals. A Plethora of Names The broad range of possible experiences inspired the use of labels other than "hallucinogens", with widely differing semantic connotations: entheogens, psychedelics, illusionogens, psycholytics, psychomimetics, psychodysleptica, psychoemetics and others. "Phantastica" (Lewin) is the oldest label ever used to describe this class of substances. This term successfully evokes dream-like, fanciful aspects of the experience, as well as the potential for euphoric and dysphoric emotional overtones. More recent terminology often says more about semantic biases of those who use the labels than about any factual, objective characteristics of the alkaloids they refer to. Accordingly, official antidrug propaganda since the 1960's has disparaged "psychedelics" as excessively glamorous and too positive a label, as the term was popular among Timothy Leary's fans and supporters. When used in low doses or for the first time, these substances are most likely to bring about a kind of magical transformation of surroundings, with a heightened ability to perceive subtle differences along the color spectru a have been reported from the following countries: Finland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, The Netherlands, Belgium, France, Russia, Poland, the former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Scotland, England, Wales, Italy and Spain. Unfortunately, there are no comprehensive maps detailing the species's distribution pattern. Traditionally, mycologists have often neglected relatively tiny species, such as Psilocybe semilanceata, that tend to share their habitats with other, more prominent species. The sarcastic phrase "The mushrooms occur in abundance wherever mycologists abound" is particularly pertinent in reference to the Psilocybe species. Prior to the discovery of psilocybin, the Psilocybe genus languished in the literature, shrouded in obscurity. To this day, few 189. Psilocybe semilanceata Fr. Worthless] The cap is uniformly conic to bell-shaped, with a pointy or obtuse center forming an almost wart-like protrusion; initially, caps are often taller than they are wide, margins are bent and curved inward; later on, width of cap is 1.5-4 cm. Hygrophanous; coloration is a dirtyish olive-brown when wet, with translucent striate margins; at the center, coloration is ocher or greenish-yellow against an overall shade of smudgy pale yellow and oftentimes some greenish stains; only the margins are banded by a darkcolored, watery stripe around the edge. No stripes or banding evident when mushrooms are completely dried. Lacking a veil, caps are thin-fleshed, bald, with an easily separable pellicle that remains gelatinous-sticky for a long time, turning shiny when dry. Gills are olive brown to blackish purple brown in color, with the edges often remaining white, gill spacing is quite crowded; gill attachment is either roughly linear or mostly adnexed; up to 3.5 mm wide; attached at the stem only, fully detached later on. Spores are elongated to ellipitical in shape, smooth and large, measuring 12-16 u by 6-8,u. Color of spore dust is blackish purple brown. Stem is very slender, almost uniformly thin and always twisted, 6-12 cm long and 1.25-2 mm thick, yellowish or whitish in color; areas subjected to pressure develop bluishgreen stains. Stems are silky smooth and roughly at the center, cortinate fibrils appear like remnants of a veil, which is brittle and lined with a white fibrous cord of wool-like texture. When dry, the flesh of the cap is colored pale yellow, while the stem's flesh is ocher brown in color, especially towards the bottom. It is odorless and its flavor is mild. The mushroom grows from August to October, frequently in gregarious clusters, and can be found in pastures and along roadways, growing on dung that has undergone complete decomposition. It is not a particularly rare species. Figure 11(above) This excellent description of Psilocybe semilanceata by Michael & Schulz (1927) is shown here as originally published in German, with an English translation. Mycologists sp <p align="right"> &#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#85&#46&#83&#46&#41&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#101 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#97&#112&#101&#117&#116&#105&#99 process; &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#109&#97&#121&#13&#10&#101&#118&#101&#110 &#98&#101 &#116&#104&#101 sole source for future progress. Under these conditions, stereo music also significantly deepened the intensity of the experience. It &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#107&#105&#110&#100&#115 of specific experiences may also account for the remarkable success of treating terminal patients with LSD to ease their &#102&#101&#97&#114&#115 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#97&#99&#101 of death and &#116&#111 &#114&#101&#100&#117&#99&#101&#13&#10&#101&#118&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#101 forms &#111&#102 &#112&#97&#105&#110&#46 &#73&#110 &#109&#97&#110&#121 such cases, symptoms disappeared entirely, &#97&#110&#100 &#114&#101&#108&#105&#101&#102&#13&#10&#102&#114&#111&#109 &#112&#97&#105&#110 &#97&#110&#100 anxiety that continued even after the drug's acute effects had worn off. &#65 &#98&#111&#111&#107 &#98&#121 &#83&#46&#13&#10&#71&#114&#111&#102 provides a compassionate analysis &#111&#102 &#115&#117&#99&#104&#13&#10&#115&#117&#99&#99&#101&#115&#115&#102&#117&#108 &#116&#114&#101&#97&#116&#109&#101&#110&#116&#115&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 serves to underscore the fact &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#115&#121&#115&#116&#101&#109&#97&#116&#105&#99 &#101&#102&#102&#111&#114&#116&#115 &#116&#111 investigate these particular therapeutic benefits have &#111&#110&#108&#121 &#106&#117&#115&#116&#13&#10&#98&#101&#103&#117&#110&#46 &#83&#111 &#102&#97&#114&#44 LSD has &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#108&#121&#13&#10&#115&#116&#117&#100&#105&#101&#100 substance in terms of easing the suffering of terminally ill patients, as well as dipropyltryptamine (DPT), a synthetic drug &#115&#116&#114&#117&#99&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108&#108&#121&#13&#10&#115&#105&#109&#105&#108&#97&#114 &#116&#111 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#116 is active only when administered by injection. Below, &#97 &#121&#111&#117&#110&#103 &#119&#111&#109&#97&#110 &#102&#114&#111&#109 Switzerland gives a &#100&#101&#116&#97&#105&#108&#101&#100 &#97&#99&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116 &#111&#102 &#104&#101&#114 second &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#46 &#72&#101&#114 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#109&#101&#110&#116&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 Psilocybe cubensis, had &#97&#108&#114&#101&#97&#100&#121 &#105&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#101&#100 &#104&#101&#114 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 realm of mystical experiences. For her &#115&#101&#99&#111&#110&#100 &#106&#111&#117&#114&#110&#101&#121&#44&#13&#10&#115&#104&#101 &#117&#115&#101&#100 &#50&#48 Psilocybe semilanceata mushrooms &#97&#115&#13&#10&#112&#97&#114&#116 &#111&#102 &#97 &#103&#114&#111&#117&#112 ritual &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#99&#104&#105&#101&#118&#101&#100 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#99&#101&#110&#100&#101&#110&#99&#101&#46&#13&#10&#65 &#114&#101&#109&#97&#114&#107&#97&#98&#108&#101 feature &#111&#102 &#104&#101&#114&#13&#10&#97&#99&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116 &#105&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 the presence of an experienced guide was needed to realize the full &#112&#111&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#97&#108 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#116&#104&#105&#115 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#97&#114&#121 &#113&#117&#101&#115&#116&#46&#13&#10&#34&#49 sat down next to another participant, seeking &#116&#111 &#99&#111&#110&#110&#101&#99&#116 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#115 &#105&#110 preparation for my &#106&#111&#117&#114&#110&#101&#121&#46 &#87&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#99&#101&#101&#100&#101&#100 &#116&#111 eat the fresh mushrooms. The room grew quiet and lovely music began to play. The mushrooms's effects came on much faster than &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#100&#105&#100 &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 SHROOMS SHROOMS THINGS THINGS THINGS &#109&#121 first experiment.<br> Twice I tried to establish closer contact with my fellow participant, but he was very nervous, &#97&#110&#100 &#110&#111 &#115&#111&#117&#114&#99&#101 &#111&#102 reassurance for me. &#73 &#119&#97&#115 &#115&#101&#101&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#109&#121 spiritual companion, but did not find that person among the present group.<br> I became a figure in a long, &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101 &#114&#111&#98&#101&#44 &#119&#97&#110&#100&#101&#114&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#97&#105&#109&#108&#101&#115&#115&#108&#121 &#97&#109&#111&#110&#103 the columns (Greece?), still searching. My &#103&#97&#122&#101 &#108&#105&#110&#103&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#98&#114&#105&#101&#102&#108&#121 &#111&#110 the wall next to the &#100&#111&#111&#114 &#97&#110&#100 &#73 &#115&#97&#119 faces &#97&#110&#100 &#102&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 &#118&#97&#110&#105&#115&#104&#44 but they did not hold &#109&#121 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#101&#115&#116&#46 &#73&#116&#13&#10&#119&#97&#115 &#104&#111&#112&#101&#108&#101&#115&#115&#46 &#73 continued my &#97&#105&#109&#108&#101&#115&#115 &#114&#111&#97&#109&#105&#110&#103&#44&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 &#73 &#119&#97&#115 on the material plane, which I wanted to leave - had to leave. Suddenly, &#73 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#109&#121&#115&#101&#108&#102&#13&#10&#119&#105&#116&#104 &#111&#110&#101 &#111&#102 the guides, who wanted &#116&#111 &#104&#101&#108&#112 &#109&#101&#46 &#73&#13&#10&#115&#116&#97&#114&#101&#100 off into the distance, &#108&#111&#110&#103&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#98&#101 &#102&#114&#101&#101 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 material plane, but <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/psilocybe+quebecensis.php" title="Psilocybe Quebecensis" alt="Psilocybe Quebecensis" >Psilocybe Quebecensis</a> unable to do so. For a long time, I failed to connect with the guide; our two worlds &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#106&#117&#115&#116 &#116&#111&#111 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116&#46 Suddenly &#73 &#115&#101&#110&#115&#101&#100&#13&#10&#116&#104&#97&#116 &#104&#101 &#119&#97&#115&#110&#39&#116 able to look at me directly. The path by which to reach me &#114&#117&#110&#115 &#116&#104&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104 &#109&#121 &#101&#121&#101&#115&#44&#13&#10&#98&#101&#99&#97&#117&#115&#101 only they are &#116&#114&#117&#108&#121 &#97&#108&#105&#118&#101&#46 &#73 &#97&#115&#107&#101&#100&#13&#10&#104&#105&#109 to help &#109&#101 &#111&#110 &#109&#121 &#119&#97&#121 and invited him to look into &#109&#121 &#101&#121&#101&#115&#46 &#73 &#102&#101&#108&#116 as if all life energy was draining &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#109&#121 &#98&#111 </p> Dosages for Psilocybe australiana <b>manure shrooms pictures</b> Guzmán &#38 &#87&#97&#116&#108&#105&#110&#103&#44 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#101&#117&#99&#97&#108&#121&#112&#116&#97 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magic+mushrooms+kit.php" title="Magic Mushrooms Kit" alt="Magic Mushrooms Kit" >Magic Mushrooms Kit</a> Guzmán & , and who &#103&#111&#114&#103&#101&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101&#109&#115&#101&#108&#118&#101&#115 &#111&#110 &#111&#117&#114 &#116&#97&#120 dollars.<br> I met &#74&#111&#99&#104&#101&#110 &#71&#97&#114&#116&#122 &#115&#104&#111&#114&#116&#108&#121 &#97&#102&#116&#101&#114 the fall &#111&#102&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#66&#101&#114&#108&#105&#110 &#87&#97&#108&#108 &#97&#116 the &#116&#104&#105&#114&#100 &#115&#121&#109&#112&#111&#115&#105&#117&#109 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 College &#102&#111&#114 &#116&#104&#101 &#83&#116&#117&#100&#121 &#111&#102 Consciousness (ECSC) in Freiburg, Germany. Our encounter was my first &#99&#111&#110&#116&#97&#99&#116 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97 &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104&#101&#114 from the <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magicmushroomidentificationencyclopedia.php" title="Magicmushroomidentificationencyclopedia" alt="Magicmushroomidentificationencyclopedia" >Magicmushroomidentificationencyclopedia</a> former East Germany. &#74&#111&#99&#104&#101&#110 &#71&#97&#114&#116&#122&#39&#115 &#101&#110&#116&#104&#117&#115&#105&#97&#115&#116&#105&#99 &#108&#101&#99&#116&#117&#114&#101&#13&#10&#119&#97&#115 a &#116&#114&#117&#108&#121 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#101&#120&#112&#97&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#101&#118&#101&#110&#116&#44 &#104&#105&#115&#13&#10&#119&#111&#114&#100&#115 breaking down traditional &#98&#111&#114&#100&#101&#114&#115 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#99&#114&#111&#115&#115&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#118&#101&#114 &#105&#110&#116&#111 new territory. The magic mushrooms spoke &#116&#104&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104 &#104&#105&#109 &#45 &#119&#105&#116&#104 no trace of dogma &#111&#114 &#105&#100&#101&#111&#108&#111&#103&#121 &#45 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#116&#114&#97&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110 of true anarchy that is the hallmark of mushroom magic. What I heard was unbelievable. Jochen spoke of a "new" &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#101&#100&#101&#108&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 &#105&#116&#115 &#109&#105&#103&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 The &#109&#121&#99&#101&#108&#105&#97 &#104&#97&#100 &#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#99&#101&#110&#116&#114&#105&#99 circles outward from Leipzig, jumping all political borders. Finally, when the mycelia reached West German soil, &#116&#104&#101 &#104&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#66&#101&#114&#108&#105&#110 &#87&#97&#108&#108&#13&#10&#99&#114&#117&#109&#98&#108&#101&#100&#46 Could there possibly &#98&#101 &#97 &#99&#111&#110&#110&#101&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#98&#101&#116&#119&#101&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#118&#111&#108&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 of the &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#101&#118&#111&#108&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 of &#111&#117&#114 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#63 &#67&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#97&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 have &#99&#111&#110&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#114&#101&#115&#111&#108&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 of our political conflicts? In the past, politicians, even popes, had their own jesters and magicians, who functioned as pressure release &#118&#97&#108&#118&#101&#115 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#99&#104&#105&#110&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 of political power &#115&#116&#114&#117&#103&#103&#108&#101&#115&#46 &#73&#116 &#105&#115 &#111&#98&#118&#105&#111&#117&#115 that a country &#119&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#99&#104&#97&#110&#99&#101&#108&#108&#111&#114 &#105&#115 &#98&#101&#105&#110&#103 pelted with eggs, urgently needs a new &#98&#114&#101&#101&#100 &#111&#102 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#105&#97&#110 &#119&#104&#111&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101 able to readjust reality. But &#116&#111&#100&#97&#121&#44 &#110&#111 &#97&#115&#112&#105&#114&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#105&#97&#110 &#115&#104&#111&#117&#108&#100 go about &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#116&#97&#115&#107 &#119&#105&#116&#104&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#105&#115&#13&#10&#98&#111&#111&#107 as a guide &#102&#111&#114 &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#111&#110&#100&#114&#111&#117&#115 &#106&#111&#117&#114&#110&#101&#121 into the realm of magic mushrooms. Christian &#82&#100&#116&#115&#99&#104&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#53 &#45 &#34&#65&#110&#116&#104&#114&#111&#112&#111&#109&#111&#114&#112&#104&#105&#99 Beings Engaged in Mushroom Dance" 10,000-year-old rock &#100&#114&#97&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#110 &#84&#97&#115&#115&#105&#108&#105&#44 &#83&#97&#104&#97&#114&#97 (Algeria) CHAPTER &#49&#13&#10&#73 &#66&#69&#76&#73&#69&#86&#69 &#84&#72&#69 &#84&#73&#77&#69 HAS COME FOR A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF NEW FINDINGS FROM THE FIELDS OF MYCOLOGY, TAXONOMY &#65&#78&#68 &#78&#65&#84&#85&#82&#65&#76&#13&#10&#80&#82&#79&#68&#85&#67&#84&#83 &#67&#72&#69&#77&#73&#83&#84&#82&#89&#13&#10&#87&#104&#101&#110 &#82&#46&#71&#46 Wasson, R. Heim and A. Hofmann began their &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#100&#105&#115&#99&#105&#112&#108&#105&#110&#97&#114&#121 &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104&#13&#10&#112&#114&#111&#103&#114&#97&#109 &#116&#111 &#115&#116&#117&#100&#121 the Mexican species of mushrooms and their &#117&#115&#97&#103&#101 &#105&#110 &#77&#101&#120&#105&#99&#97&#110&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#115&#44 their efforts &#99&#117&#108&#109&#105&#110&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#97&#13&#10&#49&#57&#53&#56 &#108&#97&#110&#100&#109&#97&#114&#107 report that described the isolation, molecular &#115&#116&#114&#117&#99&#116&#117&#114&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#115&#121&#110&#116&#104&#101&#115&#105&#115 &#111&#102 the mushrooms' active ingredients: psilocybin and psilocin.<br> &#83&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#121&#101&#97&#114&#115 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 substances were &#97&#108&#115&#111 &#105&#100&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#97 species of &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#44 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#44 which became the first in a series of newly discovered species.<br> &#83&#105&#110&#99&#101&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101&#110&#44 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 other genera have been reported &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#105&#110&#99&#114&#101&#97&#115&#105&#110&#103 &#102&#114&#101&#113&#117&#101&#110&#99&#121&#46&#13&#10&#65&#115 &#112&#97&#114&#116 of my analytical work &#100&#101&#100&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101&#100&#13&#10&#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#105&#100&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 naturally occurring chemicals, I had the good fortune to be part of a research &#116&#101&#97&#109 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#115&#116&#117&#100&#105&#101&#100 &#97&#108&#107&#97&#108&#111&#105&#100&#115 found in a variety of mushroom species. Now I believe the time has come for a comprehensive review &#111&#102&#13&#10&#110&#101&#119 &#102&#105&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#101&#108&#100&#115 of mycology, taxonomy and natural products chemistry. Wasson and his successors have already &#112&#114&#111&#118&#105&#100&#101&#100&#13&#10&#100&#101&#116&#97&#105&#108&#101&#100 &#97&#99&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#115 &#112&#101&#114&#116&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 the &#104&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#121 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#115&#116&#117&#100&#121 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 Me <p align="justify"> Most &#117&#115&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 <H3>How To Identify Shrooms</H3> &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 visionary mushrooms &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#108&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#108&#101&#100&#103&#101 of their scientific names.<br> Instead, they have given their &#102&#97&#118&#111&#114&#105&#116&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#108 &#101&#112&#105&#116&#104&#101&#116&#115 which are commonly used by &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#119&#104&#111 &#99&#111&#108&#108&#101&#99&#116 &#97&#110&#100 ingest &#116&#104&#101&#109&#46 &#83&#111&#109&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 popular names are also known and applied &#98&#121 &#117&#115&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#117&#116&#115&#105&#100&#101 &#111&#102 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 and NZ. "Magic &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#34 &#105&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110 &#116&#101&#114&#109 &#97&#112&#112&#108&#105&#101&#100 &#116&#111 any mushroom which &#99&#111&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#101 &#97&#110&#100&#47&#111&#114 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#105&#110&#101&#46 It was invented by a Life Magazine editor in l957 ( see Wasson, l957). &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#105&#115 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 in Australia as "golden tops", "gold tops" or sometimes "gold caps.<br>" The &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110 &#101&#112&#105&#116&#104&#101&#116&#115 &#109&#97&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 been given to this &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#98&#121 &#109&#101&#109&#98&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#102 a <H3>Dung Which Grow Mushrooms Dung Which</H3> local, &#100&#114&#117&#103&#117&#115&#105&#110&#103 &#103&#114&#111&#117&#112 &#111&#102 &#115&#117&#114&#102&#101&#114&#115 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 frequented &#116&#104&#101 &#71&#111&#108&#100 &#67&#111&#97&#115&#116 &#114&#101&#103&#105&#111&#110 of Eastern Australia; however, some of these names have apparently been used to describe several different species of Psilocybe by users in Australia (see Allen, 1997).<br> As &#109&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110&#101&#100 &#97&#98&#111&#118&#101&#44 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 is not known to occur in &#78&#101&#119 &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100&#46 &#84&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#119&#104&#111 ingest Copelandia &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115&#44 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 and New Zealand as "blue meanies", also refer &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#97&#115 &#34&#66&#108&#117&#101 Legs", "golden tops" or "gold &#99&#97&#112&#115&#34&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#108&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114 &#116&#119&#111 nicknames, as well as "dimple tops" and "cone heads", are common &#116&#101&#114&#109&#115 &#97&#112&#112&#108&#105&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#67&#111&#112&#101&#108&#97&#110&#100&#105&#97 cyanescens in the Hawaiian &#73&#115&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115&#59 &#97&#110&#100 &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#111&#102 these &#115&#97&#109&#101 &#112&#111&#112&#117&#108&#97&#114 &#110&#97&#109&#101&#115 &#104&#97&#118&#101 also been used by <H3>How To Identify Shrooms</H3> &#118&#105&#115&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/Dipropyltryptamine+europe.php" title="Dipropyltryptamine Europe" alt="Dipropyltryptamine Europe" >Dipropyltryptamine Europe</a> &#115&#117&#114&#102&#101&#114&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#98&#111&#116&#104 New Zealand and Australia, <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/measuringdriedshrooms.php" title="Measuringdriedshrooms" alt="Measuringdriedshrooms" >Measuringdriedshrooms</a> to describe the macroscopic &#99&#104&#97&#114&#97&#99&#116&#101&#114&#105&#115&#116&#105&#99&#115 &#111&#102 &#67&#111&#112&#101&#108&#97&#110&#100&#105&#97 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115&#46 These same surfers &#118&#105&#115&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#72&#97&#119&#97&#105&#105&#39&#115 &#78&#111&#114&#116&#104 &#83&#104&#111&#114&#101 have &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100&#108&#121 &#105&#110&#103&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#112&#114&#105&#111&#114 to surfing, as &#100&#111 &#109&#97&#110&#121 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#98&#97&#115&#101&#100 surfers &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#90&#46 </p> ulinary mushroom bears no resemblance, either in size or form, to Inocybe aeruginascens. Overall, however, these unfortunate cases have also contributed to our understanding of mushroom biochemistry. In this context, I want to emphasize once more that the hallucinogenic varieties among the Inocybes can easily be mistaken for those muscarine-producing Inocybe species that are extremely poisonous. As part of his investigation of the Psilocybe genus, Guzman noted a common trait among the hallucinogenic species, in addition to the bluing reaction: a flour-like smell or taste. Apart from the inherent subjective nature of our sense of smell and taste, a common odor is a trait that definitely does not apply to the European species (also see Chapter 3.2). Mycophile or Mycophobe? There are reports from the Western United States about people with expert knowledge of Psilocybe semilanceata - devoted mushroom hunters who can identify the species with drill and accuracy. At the same time, however, these experts cannot identify easily spotted common table mushrooms, nor are they able to differentiate the Agaricus species (champignons) from other mushrooms, even when these species grow on the same pasture. Such individuals, then, are not interested in species other than Psilocybe semilanceata. In my opinion, this attitude reflects a rare combination of mycophilia and mycophobia. A mushroom's spore dust provides important information needed to determine identity. A spore print is left by the gills when the cap is placed on black or white paper (depending on spore color). As the process takes several hours, a glass vessel must be placed over the cap to prevent drying. While useful, information obtained from spore analyses has its limitations, For instance, spores derived from mushrooms belonging to different genera may have the same color, but reveal basic differences under the microscope. There is also a high degree of similarity among spores from different Psilocybe species. Thus, the only way to prevent grave errors and potentially deadly intoxications is to rely on experienced experts for mushroom identification, a process that must include analysis of available ecological data. CHAPTER 5 THE BLUING PHENOMENON AND METOL TESTING: REALITY VS. WISHFUL THINKING As previously discussed in Chapters 3.1 and 3.7, the bluing reaction is characteristic of species that produce psilocybin. Still, for unknown reasons, some species or samples belonging to a genus that usually turns blue may not always change color, regardless of psilocybin content. Among the species that I have examined, Psilocybe bohemica displayed the most impressive bluing reaction. The caps of this species stain very quickly in reaction to pressure. Other species, such as Psilocybe cubensis (Earle) Sing. have stems that develop very intensely blue stains, while their caps do not exhibit the bluing reaction. By contrast, Psilocybe JOCHEN GARTZ MAGIC MUSHROOMS Around the World A Scientific Journey Across Cultures and Time The Case for Challenging Research and Value Systems * LIS PUBLICATIONS * LOS ANGELES, CA* Figure 1 - Water Color Painting of Psilocybe semilanceata (Germany, 1927) TABLE OF CONTENT (With Active Links' Just Click On A Subject To Go To The Page) "Who Was the First Magician?" - Foreword by Christian Ratsch 7 1. Introduction 9 2. Reflections on the History and Scientific Study of Magic Mushrooms 10 3. The Current State of Knowledge About European Species 14 3.1 Psilocybe semilanceata: The Classic Species Among European Psychotropic Mushrooms 16 3.2 Psilocybe cyanescens: Potent Mushrooms Growing on Wood Debris 29 3.3 Panaeolus subbalteatus: Mycology and Myths about the Panaeolus Species 37 3.4 Inocybe aeruginascens: Fast-Spreading New Arrivals 44 3.5 Gymnopilus purpuratus: Magnificent Mushrooms from South America 51 3.6 Conocybe cyanopus: Tiny Mushrooms of Remarkable Potency 55 3.7 Pluteus salicinus: A Little-known Wood-Inhabiting Species 58 4. Mushroom Identification: Taxonomic Confusion and the Potential for Deadly Mistakes 61 5. The Bluing Phenomenon and Metol Testing: Reality vs. Wishful Thinking 63 6. Mushroom Cultivation: Classic Findings and New Techniques 66 7. Psychotropic Mushroom Species Around the World 77 7.1 Spotlight on North America and Hawaii 79 7.2 Mycophilia in Central and South America 82 7.3 Australia's Mycoflora Attracts Attention 84 7.4 European Customs and Conventions 87 7.5 Japanese Experimentation 93 7.6 Intoxications and the Oldest Known Mushroom Cult in Africa 95 7.7 Usage in Southeast Asia and the South Pacific Islands 98 8. Some Comments on Effects of Mushrooms from the Category Phantastika 102 9. Psychotherapy 108 10. Outlook 114 11. Bibliography 120 Index 129 Figure 2 - Psilocybe cubensis from Australia Figure 3 - Water color painting of Panaeolus subbalteatus (Germany, 1927). Figure 4 - Fresh Panaeolus subbalteatus mushrooms. FOREWORD Nobody knows precisely when the first magic mushroom emerged from the shadows of prehistory to enter the light of consciousness. Nobody knows when the first magic mushroom was eaten by a human being. Nobody knows just who the first magic mushroom eater was. In seeking answers to these questions, we can only speculate. Mycophobes, however, are quick to voice their conviction that only a fool would be reckless enough to want to attain a higher state of consciousness beyond the boundaries of everyday reality. And only a fool would attempt to do this by ingesting those odd little things that mysteriously thrive on decaying, humid soil, rotten wood and malodorous mounds of cow manure. Historically, magic, mushrooms have been feared and hated` since antiquity: magic mushrooms were thought to be made from poisons that had dripped from serpents' fangs; they were considered to be unclean emissions of evil spirits; moreover, mushrooms were a kn In addition, many early users of "magic mushrooms" in Australia may have first become aware of their mind-altering and visionary effects by reading the published literature or the many news items appearing in the popular Australian press during the late l960's and early l970's. These news items often described both accidental and deliberate intoxication's which resulted from the ingestion of several varieties of "magic mushrooms". For example, in 1972, one local newspaper report provided an account regarding the use of these mushrooms by young teenagers at a local high school in Brisbane: "...children at a suburban school are getting high on mushrooms called 'Gold Tops.' The mushrooms are common along the Brisbane River near Toowing High School, and children in search of `kicks' have been experimenting with them (Unsigned, 1972)." It would be very obvious to anyone who read this above mentioned news item, when it appeared in print, that those searching for hallucinogenic mushrooms would be able to find them if they so desired. There is yet another factor that may have played a significant role in promoting interest in the use of psychoactive mushrooms in Australia and NZ. Some drug users or mycophillic individuals may have read or heard of R. Gordon Wasson's personal account of his adventurous rediscovery of an hallucinogenic mushroom cult among the Mazatec Indians of Southern Mexico. Dr. Wasson reported the ceremonial use of certain mushrooms as divinatory substances among the Mazatecs and other native peoples in Oaxaca, Mexico (see Wasson, 1957). This journalistic report of Wasson's research expedition appeared in an international edition of Life Magazine in the late l950's, providing many drug users and others with the incentive to seek out, find, and eventually experiment with these mushrooms. Mind-altering (psilocybine containing) mushrooms have been traditionally used in religious healing and curing ceremonies by native ecialize in the study of Psilocybes, despite the fact that Psilocybe semilanceata is the most common and conspicuous species among the Psilocybes. Also, mushroom lovers whose interests are not purely scientific (see Chapter 7.4) do not usually preserve their knowledge for posterity in the form of distribution maps. However, there is one map from 1986, which shows the distribution pattern of Psilocybe semilanceata across Germany (see Figure 20, p. 28). Almost no published information is available about locations where Psilocybe species have been found in eastern Germany. During my own field trips, I have discovered Psilocybe semilanceata specimens in various locations, such as near my hometown of Mansfeld in the Vorharz Mountains, in the marshlands of Duben as well as in other eastern German marshland areas. In addition, friends who are also mycologists have told me about finding the mushrooms in other parts of the country. A book published in 1952 is among the rare sources that includes details about specimens discovered in the southeastern state of Saxony (see Figure 16, p. 23). The Psilocybe species grow most abundantly on wet pastures surrounded by forest areas. In my experience, Psilocybe semilanceata grows in most of Germany's forestlands. The species fruits during the fall, from late September through October. It favors acidic soil and grassy terrain alongside trails or around the edges of forest lands. Specimens are generally clustered in small groups of 30 mushrooms or less. Deer droppings or other animal feces are usually present at those locations, even though the mushrooms never grow directly on top of dung. Occasionally, extremely stunted specimens may be found in the mountains by the side of the road. The soil below older cow pastures provides an excellent medium for extensive mycelial growth. In some locations, large areas yield an abundance of fruiting bodies, mirroring the extent of mycelial saturation in the soil. Given adequate moisture, maximum yields can be expected, if the pasture was grazed at least once during the weeks before fruiting season. However, the mushrooms also thrive under similar conditions on horse and sheep pastures. Such grassy areas inside forests are usually grazing areas for deer, who provide the soil with additional fertilization. However, Psilocybe semilanceata does not grow in locations where artificial fertilizer has been used. Such pastures are often flanked by creeks or swamp lands, which saturate the soil with water. During the summertime, the warm climate in these wet areas provides an excellent environment for optimal mycelial growth. In Germany, the mushroom's habitat ranges from the coastal areas to mountainous regions, where the species has been found at altitudes of up to 1,720 m (5,160 ft) above sea level (MTB-8443, 1985). In the former Czechoslovakia, samples have been collected at altitudes ranging from 330 to 1,000 m (1,000 - &#84&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#108&#105&#118&#101&#115&#116&#111&#99&#107 to arrive &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#116 <H2>Scientific Name Of Magic Mushrooms</H2> from the Cape of Good Hope <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/eating+shrooms/liberty+caps+psilocybe+semilancea/" title="Eating Shrooms Liberty Caps Psilocybe Semilancea" alt="Eating Shrooms Liberty Caps Psilocybe Semilancea" >Eating Shrooms Liberty Caps Psilocybe Semilancea</a> in Existing evidence indicates that man in the Old World —Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia—has made less use of native plants and shrubs for their hallucinogenic properties than has man in the New World. There is little reason to believe that the vegetation of one half of the globe is poorer or richer in species with hallucinogenic properties than the other half. Why, then, should there be such disparity? Has man in the Old World simply not discovered many of the native hallucinogenic plants? Are some of them too toxic in other ways to be utilized? Or has man in the Old World been culturally less interested in narcotics? We have no real answer. But we do know that the Old World has fewer known species employed hallucinogenically than does the New World: compared with only 15 or 20 species used in the Eastern Hemisphere, the species used hallucinogenically in the Western Hemisphere number more than 100! Yet some of the Old World hallucinogens today hold places of primacy throughout the world. Cannabis, undoubtedly the most widespread of all the hallucinogens, is perhaps the best example. The several solanaceous ingredients of medieval witches' brews—henbane, nightshade, belladonna, and mandrake—greatly influenced European philosophy, medicine, and even history for many years. Some played an extraordinarily vital religious role in the early Aryan cultures of northern India. The role of hallucinogens in the cultural and social development of many areas of the Old World is only now being investigated. At every turn, its exte ed and large numbers of studies were conducted, primarily with LSD. These investigators sought to discover the receptor binding sites for hallucinogenic compounds in the brain and to understand the mechanisms underlying the genesis of psychedelic visions. Today, we still lack a sound theoretical framework able to explain the relationship between chemical compounds and the manifestation of their psychoactivity. Even though basic research is certainly important, its methods, unfortunately, are often a function of a rather one-sided pharmacological approach to investigating the effects of psilocybin, LSD and mescaline - an approach that is, in fact, too narrow to address the remarkably unusual nature of these substances and their effects. Misunderstandings between pharmacologists and toxicologists on the one hand and psychiatrists and psychologists on the other can often be traced all the way back to the 1950's, creating a legacy of disputes and arguments that have yet to be resolved. S. Grof undertook the tedious task of analyzing 5,000 experimental LSD protocols in an effort to isolate "absolute" symptoms that are reported or occur all of the time. His results were negative. According to Grof, hallucinogenic substances are non-specific triggers causing a sequence of altered states of consciousness, which do not fit the syndrome labeled "toxic psychosis". Rather, it is the individual's personality, along with the experimental setting that significantly shape the nature of the psychedelic experience. This view is shared by a majority of experts with considerable experience in conducting psychedelics-assisted psychotherapy. Even "real" somatic symptoms, such as nausea or vomiting, can often be controlled through psychological intervention techniques administered by trained professionals. A Plethora of Names The broad range of possible experiences inspired the use of labels other than "hallucinogens", with widely differing semantic connotations: entheogens, psychedelics, illusionogens, psycholytics, psychomimetics, psychodysleptica, psychoemetics and others. "Phantastica" (Lewin) is the oldest label ever used to describe this class of substances. This term successfully evokes dream-like, fanciful aspects of the experience, as well as the potential for euphoric and dysphoric emotional overtones. More recent terminology often says more about semantic biases of those who use the labels than about any factual, objective characteristics of the alkaloids they refer to. Accordingly, official antidrug propaganda since the 1960's has disparaged "psychedelics" as excessively glamorous and too positive a label, as the term was popular among Timothy Leary's fans and supporters. When used in low doses or for the first time, these substances are most likely to bring about a kind of magical transformation of surroundings, with a heightened ability to perceive subtle differences along the color spectru <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/sjamaan+smart+shop/united+states+coins/" title="Sjamaan Smart Shop United States Coins" alt="Sjamaan Smart Shop United States Coins" >Sjamaan Smart Shop United States Coins</a> It has been suggested by <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/goldtopmushrooms.php" title="Goldtopmushrooms" alt="Goldtopmushrooms" >Goldtopmushrooms</a> an Australian physician that the general public in Australia, as &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#97&#115 &#109&#101&#109&#98&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#102 its drug using <b>Magic Mushrooms From Cow Poop Pics</b> subculture, <p align="justify"> several members of a &#102&#97&#109&#105&#108&#121 &#101&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 together: it is not uncommon &#102&#111&#114 &#97 &#102&#97&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#109&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#99&#104&#105&#108&#100&#114&#101&#110&#44 uncles, and aunts to all participate &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#102&#111&#114&#109&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#102 the mind that elevate consciousness onto a higher &#112&#108&#97&#110&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#107&#105&#110&#115&#104&#105&#112 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#115 thus the basis of &#116&#104&#101 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#99&#101&#110&#100&#101&#110&#116&#97&#108 &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#105&#118&#105&#116&#121 &#116&#104&#97&#116 Husserl said is intersubjectivity. The &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#109&#115&#101&#108&#118&#101&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#101&#97&#116&#101&#110 in pairs, a couple representing man and woman that symbolizes the dual principle of procreation and creation. &#84&#104&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#115&#105&#116 &#116&#111&#103&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#105&#110 their inner light, dream &#97&#110&#100 &#114&#101&#97&#108&#105&#122&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#111&#110&#118&#101&#114&#115&#101 with each other, presences seated there together, their bodies immaterialized by the blackness, &#118&#111&#105&#99&#101&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#119&#105&#116&#104&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 communality. In a general sense, for everyone present the purpose &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#101&#115&#115&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#115 a therapeutic catharsis. The &#99&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97&#108&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#102&#111&#114&#109&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 revelation that open the circuits of light, vision, and &#99&#111&#109&#109&#117&#110&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#99&#97&#108&#108&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#117&#115 mind-manifesting, were known to &#116&#104&#101 &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97&#110 &#73&#110&#100&#105&#97&#110&#115 &#97&#115 medicines: the means given to &#109&#101&#110 &#116&#111 &#107&#110&#111&#119 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#111 heal, to see and to say the truth. &#65&#109&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#101&#99&#115&#44 &#109&#97&#110&#121&#44 &#111&#110&#101 time or another during their lives, have &#101&#97&#116&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#44 &#119&#104&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#116&#111 &#99&#117&#114&#101 themselves of an ailment or to resolve a problem; but it is not everyone who has a predilection for such &#101&#120&#116&#114&#101&#109&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#114&#100&#117&#111&#117&#115 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115 of the creative imagination &#111&#114 &#119&#104&#111 &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#119&#97&#110&#116 to repeat &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#106&#111&#117&#114&#110&#101&#121&#115 &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#114&#97&#110&#103&#101&#44 &#117&#110&#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 depths &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#114&#97&#105&#110 &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#102&#114&#101&#113&#117&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121&#58 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 who do are &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#104&#97&#109&#97&#110&#115&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#115&#116&#101&#114&#115&#44 whose vocation it is to eat the mushrooms because they are the men &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#105&#114&#105&#116&#44 &#116&#104&#101 men of language, the &#109&#101&#110 &#111&#102 &#119&#105&#115&#100&#111&#109&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#121 are &#105&#110&#100&#105&#118&#105&#100&#117&#97&#108&#115 &#114&#101&#99&#111&#103&#110&#105&#122&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 people &#116&#111 &#98&#101 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#116 &#105&#110 such psychological adventures, &#97&#110&#100 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#115 eat the mushrooms &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#108&#119&#97&#121&#115 &#99&#97&#108&#108 &#116&#111 &#98&#101 with them, as &#97 &#103&#117&#105&#100&#101&#44 &#111&#110&#101 &#111&#102 those who &#105&#115 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#98&#101 particularly acquainted with these modalities of the spirit. The medicine man presides over the session, for just as the &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#101&#99 &#102&#97&#109&#105&#108&#121 &#105&#115 &#112&#97&#116&#101&#114&#110&#97&#108 and authoritarian, &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#105&#98&#101&#114&#97&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#117&#110&#102&#111&#108&#100&#115 in &#116&#104&#101 &#97&#117&#116&#104&#111&#114&#105&#116&#97&#114&#105&#97&#110 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#101&#120&#116 &#111&#102 a &#115&#105&#116&#117&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#110 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104&#44 &#114&#97&#116&#104&#101&#114 than being allowed &#116&#111 &#115&#112&#101&#97&#107 &#111&#114 &#101&#110&#99&#111&#117&#114&#97&#103&#101&#100 to &#101&#120&#112&#114&#101&#115&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#109&#115&#101&#108&#118&#101&#115&#44 &#101&#118&#101&#114&#121&#111&#110&#101 &#105&#115 enjoined to keep silent and &#108&#105&#115&#116&#101&#110 &#119&#104&#105&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#104&#97&#109&#97&#110 &#115&#112&#101&#97&#107&#115 &#102&#111&#114 each of those who &#97&#114&#101 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#116&#46 &#65&#115 &#111&#110&#101 of the early Spanish chroniclers of the New World said: "They pay a sorcerer who eats them the mushrooms] and tells them what they have taught him. He does so by means of a rhythmic chant in full voice."several members of a family eat the mushrooms together: it is not uncommon for a &#102&#97&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#109&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#99&#104&#105&#108&#100&#114&#101&#110&#44 &#117&#110&#99&#108&#101&#115&#44 and aunts to all participate in these transformations of the mind &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#101&#108&#101&#118&#97&#116&#101 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115 &#111&#110&#116&#111 a higher plan. The kinship relation is thus &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#97&#115&#105&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 transcendental subjectivity that Husserl said is intersubjectivity.<br> The mushrooms themselves are &#101&#97&#116&#101&#110 &#105&#110 &#112&#97&#105&#114&#115&#44 &#97 couple representing man and woman that symbolizes the dual principle of procreation and creation. Then they sit together in their inner light, dream and realize and converse with each other, presences seated there together, their &#98&#111&#100&#105&#101&#115 &#105&#109&#109&#97&#116&#101&#114&#105&#97&#108&#105&#122&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#116&#104&#101 blackness, voices &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#119&#105&#116&#104&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#117&#110&#97&#108&#105&#116&#121&#46 In a &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#115&#101&#110&#115&#101&#44 &#102&#111&#114 &#101&#118&#101&#114&#121&#111&#110&#101 present the purpose of the &#115&#101&#115&#115&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#115 &#97 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#97&#112&#101&#117&#116&#105&#99 catharsis. &#84&#104&#101 &#99&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97&#108&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#102&#111&#114&#109&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 revelation &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#111&#112&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#105&#114&#99&#117&#105&#116&#115 of light, vision, and communication, called &#98&#121 &#117&#115 &#109&#105&#110&#100&#45&#109&#97&#110&#105&#102&#101&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103&#44 &#119&#101&#114&#101 known to the American Indians as medicines: the means given &#116&#111 &#109&#101&#110 &#116&#111 &#107&#110&#111&#119 and to heal, to see and to say the truth. Among &#116&#104&#101 &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#101&#99&#115&#44 &#109&#97&#110&#121&#44 &#111&#110&#101 &#116&#105&#109&#101 or another &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#108&#105&#118&#101&#115&#44 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#101&#97&#116&#101&#110 the mushrooms, whether to cure themselves of an &#97&#105&#108&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#111&#114 &#116&#111 &#114&#101&#115&#111&#108&#118&#101 &#97 problem; but it is not everyone who has a predilection for such extreme and arduous experiences of the creative &#105&#109&#97&#103&#105&#110&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#114 &#119&#104&#111 &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 want &#116&#111 &#114&#101&#112&#101&#97&#116 &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#106&#111&#117&#114&#110&#101&#121&#115 into the strange, unknown depths of the brain very frequently: those &#119&#104&#111 &#100&#111 &#97&#114&#101 manure shrooms cow growing from &#116&#104&#101 shamans, the &#109&#97&#115&#116&#101&#114&#115&#44 &#119&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#118&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#116 &#105&#115 to eat &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#98&#101&#99&#97&#117&#115&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#121 are &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#101&#110 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 spirit, the men &#111&#102 &#108&#97&#110&#103&#117&#97&#103&#101&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#101&#110 of wisdom. &#84&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#114&#101 &#105&#110&#100&#105&#118&#105&#100&#117&#97&#108&#115 &#114&#101&#99&#111&#103&#110&#105&#122&#101&#100 by their people to be &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#116 &#105&#110 &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108 adventures, and when the &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#115 &#101&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 they always call to &#98&#101 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101&#109&#44 &#97&#115 a &#103&#117&#105&#100&#101&#44 &#111&#110&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 who is considered to be particularly &#97&#99&#113&#117&#97&#105&#110&#116&#101&#100 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#111&#100&#97&#108&#105&#116&#105&#101&#115 of the spirit. The medicine man presides over the session, for just &#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#101&#99 &#102&#97&#109&#105&#108&#121 &#105&#115 paternal and authoritarian, the liberating experience unfolds in the authoritarian context of &#97 &#115&#105&#116&#117&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#110 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104&#44 rather than being allowed to speak or encouraged to express themselves, everyone is enjoined to <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/psilocybe+silvatica/psilocybe+liniformans.php" title="Psilocybe Silvatica Psilocybe Liniformans" alt="Psilocybe Silvatica Psilocybe Liniformans" >Psilocybe Silvatica Psilocybe Liniformans</a> keep silent and listen while the shaman speaks for each of &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#119&#104&#111 &#97&#114&#101 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#116&#46 As one of the early Spanish &#99&#104&#114&#111&#110&#105&#99&#108&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#78&#101&#119 World said: "They &#112&#97&#121 &#97 &#115&#111&#114&#99&#101&#114&#101&#114 &#119&#104&#111 eats &#116&#104&#101&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#93 &#97&#110&#100 tells them &#119&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#116&#97&#117&#103&#104&#116 him. He does so &#98&#121 &#109&#101&#97&#110&#115 &#111&#102 &#97 rhythmic chant in &#102&#117&#108&#108 &#118&#111&#105&#99&#101&#46&#34&#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#109&#101&#109&#98&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#102 a family eat &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#116&#111&#103&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#58 &#105&#116 &#105&#115 not &#117&#110&#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110 &#102&#111&#114 &#97 &#102&#97&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 mother, children, uncles, and aunts &#116&#111 &#97&#108&#108 &#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#105&#112&#97&#116&#101 &#105&#110 these transformations of the &#109&#105&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#101&#108&#101&#118&#97&#116&#101 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115 &#111&#110&#116&#111 a higher &#112&#108&#97&#110&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#107&#105&#110&#115&#104&#105&#112 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 is thus the basis of the transcendental subjectivity that Husserl said is intersubjectivity. The &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#109&#115&#101&#108&#118&#101&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#101&#97&#116&#101&#110 in pairs, a &#99&#111&#117&#112&#108&#101 &#114&#101&#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#109&#97&#110 &#97&#110&#100 woman that &#115&#121&#109&#98&#111&#108&#105&#122&#101&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#117&#97&#108 &#112&#114&#105&#110&#99&#105&#112&#108&#101 of procreation and creation. Then they sit together in their &#105&#110&#110&#101&#114 &#108&#105&#103&#104&#116&#44 &#100&#114&#101&#97&#109 &#97&#110&#100 realize &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#111&#110&#118&#101&#114&#115&#101 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#101&#97&#99&#104 other, presences seated there together, their bodies immaterialized by the blackness, voices from without their &#99&#111&#109&#109&#117&#110&#97&#108&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#73&#110 &#97 &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#108 sense, for everyone present the purpose of &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#101&#115&#115&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#115 &#97 therapeutic catharsis.<br> &#84&#104&#101 &#99&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97&#108&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#102&#111&#114&#109&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 of &#114&#101&#118&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#111&#112&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 circuits &#111&#102 &#108&#105&#103&#104&#116&#44 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#97&#110&#100 communication, called &#98&#121 &#117&#115 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/drug+testing+shrooms/trippin+on+shrooms.php" title="Testing Drug Shrooms Shrooms Testing Trippin" alt="Testing Drug Shrooms Shrooms Testing Trippin" >Testing Drug Shrooms Shrooms Testing Trippin</a> &#109&#105&#110&#100&#45&#109&#97&#110&#105&#102&#101&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103&#44 &#119&#101&#114&#101 known to the American Indians as &#109&#101&#100&#105&#99&#105&#110&#101&#115&#58 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#101&#97&#110&#115 &#103&#105&#118&#101&#110 to men to know and to heal, &#116&#111 &#115&#101&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#111 say the truth.<br> &#65&#109&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#101&#99&#115&#44 &#109&#97&#110&#121&#44 one time or another during their lives, have <u>manure shrooms cow growing from</u> eaten the mushrooms, whether to &#99&#117&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#109&#115&#101&#108&#118&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#97&#110 ailment or to resolve a problem; &#98&#117&#116 &#105&#116 &#105&#115 &#110&#111&#116 everyone who has a predilection for such &#101&#120&#116&#114&#101&#109&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#114&#100&#117&#111&#117&#115 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115 of the creative imagination or who &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#119&#97&#110&#116 &#116&#111 &#114&#101&#112&#101&#97&#116 such journeys into &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#114&#97&#110&#103&#101&#44 &#117&#110&#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#100&#101&#112&#116&#104&#115 of the brain very frequently: those who &#100&#111 &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#104&#97&#109&#97&#110&#115&#44 the masters, whose vocation it is &#116&#111 &#101&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 because they &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#101&#110 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 spirit, &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#101&#110 &#111&#102 &#108&#97&#110&#103&#117&#97&#103&#101&#44 &#116&#104&#101 men of &#119&#105&#115&#100&#111&#109&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#114&#101 &#105&#110&#100&#105&#118&#105&#100&#117&#97&#108&#115 recognized &#98&#121 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#112&#101&#111&#112&#108&#101 &#116&#111 be expert &#105&#110 &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#97&#100&#118&#101&#110&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115&#44 &#97&#110&#100 when &#116&#104&#101 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#115 &#101&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 mushrooms &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#108&#119&#97&#121&#115 &#99&#97&#108&#108 &#116&#111 be with &#116&#104&#101&#109&#44 &#97&#115 &#97 &#103&#117&#105&#100&#101&#44 one of those who is considered to &#98&#101 &#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#97&#99&#113&#117&#97&#105&#110&#116&#101&#100 &#119&#105&#116&#104 these modalities of the spirit.<br> &#84&#104&#101 &#109&#101&#100&#105&#99&#105&#110&#101 &#109&#97&#110 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#105&#100&#101&#115 over the session, for just as the Mazatec family &#105&#115 &#112&#97&#116&#101&#114&#110&#97&#108 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#117&#116&#104&#111&#114&#105&#116&#97&#114&#105&#97&#110&#44 the liberating experience &#117&#110&#102&#111&#108&#100&#115 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#97&#117&#116&#104&#111&#114&#105&#116&#97&#114&#105&#97&#110 context &#111&#102 &#97 &#115&#105&#116&#117&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#110 which, rather than &#98&#101&#105&#110&#103 &#97&#108&#108&#111&#119&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#115&#112&#101&#97&#107 &#111&#114 encouraged to express themselves, everyone is enjoined to keep silent and listen while the shaman speaks for each of &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#119&#104&#111 &#97&#114&#101 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#116&#46 As one of &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#83&#112&#97&#110&#105&#115&#104 &#99&#104&#114&#111&#110&#105&#99&#108&#101&#114&#115 of &#116&#104&#101 &#78&#101&#119 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100 &#115&#97&#105&#100&#58 "They pay a sorcerer &#119&#104&#111 &#101&#97&#116&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#109 &#91&#116&#104&#101 mushrooms and tells them what they have taught him. He does so by means of a rhythmic chant in full voice."several members of &#97 &#102&#97&#109&#105&#108&#121 &#101&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 mushrooms together: &#105&#116 &#105&#115 &#110&#111&#116 &#117&#110&#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110 for a father, &#109&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#99&#104&#105&#108&#100&#114&#101&#110&#44 &#117&#110&#99&#108&#101&#115&#44 &#97&#110&#100 aunts to all participate &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#102&#111&#114&#109&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 mind that elevate consciousness onto a higher &#112&#108&#97&#110&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#107&#105&#110&#115&#104&#105&#112 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#115 thus the basis of the transcendental &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#105&#118&#105&#116&#121 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#72&#117&#115&#115&#101&#114&#108 &#115&#97&#105&#100 is intersubjectivity. The mushrooms themselves are eaten &#105&#110 &#112&#97&#105&#114&#115&#44 &#97 &#99&#111&#117&#112&#108&#101 representing man &#97&#110&#100 &#119&#111&#109&#97&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#115&#121&#109&#98&#111&#108&#105&#122&#101&#115 the &#100&#117&#97&#108 &#112&#114&#105&#110&#99&#105&#112&#108&#101 &#111&#102 &#112&#114&#111&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 and creation. Then they sit together in their &#105&#110&#110&#101&#114 &#108&#105&#103&#104&#116&#44 &#100&#114&#101&#97&#109 &#97&#110&#100 realize &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#111&#110&#118&#101&#114&#115&#101 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#101&#97&#99&#104 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 presences seated there &#116&#111&#103&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#98&#111&#100&#105&#101&#115 &#105&#109&#109&#97&#116&#101&#114&#105&#97&#108&#105&#122&#101&#100 by &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#110&#101&#115&#115&#44 &#118&#111&#105&#99&#101&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 without their communality. In a general sense, for everyone present the &#112&#117&#114&#112&#111&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#101&#115&#115&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#115 a therapeutic catharsis.<br> The chemicals &#111&#102 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#102&#111&#114&#109&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#114&#101&#118&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 that open the circuits of light, vision, and communication, &#99&#97&#108&#108&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#117&#115 &#109&#105&#110&#100&#45&#109&#97&#110&#105&#102&#101&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103&#44 were known to &#116&#104&#101 &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97&#110 &#73&#110&#100&#105&#97&#110&#115 &#97&#115 medicines: the means given to men to know &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#111 &#104&#101&#97&#108&#44 &#116&#111 see and &#116&#111 &#115&#97&#121 &#116&#104&#101 &#116&#114&#117&#116&#104&#46 Among the Mazatecs, many, one &#116&#105&#109&#101 &#111&#114 &#97&#110&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 their lives, have eaten the mushrooms, whether to cure &#116&#104&#101&#109&#115&#101&#108&#118&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#97&#110 &#97&#105&#108&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#111&#114 &#116&#111 resolve a problem; but it &#105&#115 &#110&#111&#116 &#101&#118&#101&#114&#121&#111&#110&#101 &#119&#104&#111 &#104&#97&#115 &#97 predilection for such extreme &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#114&#100&#117&#111&#117&#115 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 creative imagination or &#119&#104&#111 &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#119&#97&#110&#116 &#116&#111 repeat such journeys into the strange, unknown depths &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#114&#97&#105&#110 &#118&#101&#114&#121 frequently: those who &#100&#111 &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#104&#97&#109&#97&#110&#115&#44 the masters, whose &#118&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#116 &#105&#115 &#116&#111 &#101&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 mushrooms because they are the men &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#105&#114&#105&#116&#44 &#116&#104&#101 men of language, the men of &#119&#105&#115&#100&#111&#109&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#114&#101 &#105&#110&#100&#105&#118&#105&#100&#117&#97&#108&#115 recognized by their people to be expert in such psychological adventures, and when the others eat the mushrooms they &#97&#108&#119&#97&#121&#115 &#99&#97&#108&#108 &#116&#111 &#98&#101 with &#116&#104&#101&#109&#44 &#97&#115 &#97 &#103&#117&#105&#100&#101&#44 one of those who is considered to be particularly acquainted with these modalities of the spirit. &#84&#104&#101 &#109&#101&#100&#105&#99&#105&#110&#101 &#109&#97&#110 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#105&#100&#101&#115 over the session, for just as the &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#101&#99 &#102&#97&#109&#105&#108&#121 &#105&#115 &#112&#97&#116&#101&#114&#110&#97&#108 and authoritarian, &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#105&#98&#101&#114&#97&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#117&#110&#102&#111&#108&#100&#115 in the authoritarian context of &#97 &#115&#105&#116&#117&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#110 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104&#44 rather than being allowed to speak or &#101&#110&#99&#111&#117&#114&#97&#103&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#101&#120&#112&#114&#101&#115&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#109&#115&#101&#108&#118&#101&#115&#44 everyone is enjoined to keep silent and listen while the shaman speaks &#102&#111&#114 &#101&#97&#99&#104 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 who are present. As one of the early Spanish chroniclers &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#78&#101&#119 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100 said: "They pay a &#115&#111&#114&#99&#101&#114&#101&#114 &#119&#104&#111 &#101&#97&#116&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#109 the &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#101&#108&#108&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#109 &#119&#104&#97&#116 they have taught him. He does so &#98&#121 &#109&#101&#97&#110&#115 &#111&#102 &#97 rhythmic chant in full &#118&#111&#105&#99&#101&#46&#34 </p> <div align="right"> e creek on &#119&#111&#111&#100 &#99&#104&#105&#112&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#67&#97&#114&#112&#105&#110&#117&#115&#44 &#65&#108&#110&#117&#115 and &#83&#97&#108&#105&#120&#44 &#111&#110 &#114&#97&#119 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#111&#115&#116&#13&#10&#109&#105&#120&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 of Picea, Pinus and Larix needles, as Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Figure 21 - Fruiting &#99&#117&#114&#118&#101 &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#98&#97&#115&#101&#100 on observations at several locations in the former Czechoslovakia. The mycelia make <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/manure+shrooms+pictures.php" title="Manure Shrooms Pictures" alt="Manure Shrooms Pictures" >Manure Shrooms Pictures</a> use of different kinds of &#112&#108&#97&#110&#116 &#100&#101&#98&#114&#105&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#101&#118&#101&#110 grow on wet &#99&#97&#114&#100&#98&#111&#97&#114&#100&#44&#13&#10&#119&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#100&#101&#118&#101&#108&#111&#112 &#105&#110&#116&#111 rhizomorphs &#106&#117&#115&#116 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101&#121 &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#105&#110 nature. Rhizomorphs &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#105&#99&#107&#13&#10&#115&#116&#114&#97&#110&#100&#115 &#111&#102 &#109&#121&#99&#101&#108&#105&#97 that serve to &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#112&#111&#114&#116&#13&#10&#110&#117&#116&#114&#105&#101&#110&#116&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#119&#97&#116&#101&#114&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#108&#115&#111 develop &#105&#110&#116&#101&#110&#115&#101&#13&#10&#98&#108&#117&#101 &#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115 &#40&#115&#101&#101 &#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 22). Figure 23 Distribution pattern of Psilocybe cyanescens in Germany and adjacent &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115&#13&#10&#40&#97&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#75&#114&#105&#101&#103&#108&#115&#116&#101&#105&#110&#101&#114&#41&#46 &#76&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 are indicated by black &#100&#111&#116&#115&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#50&#50&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#98&#111&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97&#13&#10&#114&#104&#105&#122&#111&#109&#111&#114&#112&#104&#115 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 on wet cardboard.<br> Figure &#50&#52 &#45 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 at a natural location (USA). Figure 25 &#45 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#98&#111&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97 &#111&#110 twigs and leaves.<br> Impressive Experiences Psilocybe bohemica is a very psychoactive species. &#73&#116&#115 &#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#118&#105&#118&#105&#100&#108&#121 documented in the following account &#111&#102 &#111&#110&#101 &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108 &#115&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#115&#116&#39&#115&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101 as part of controlled clinical trials in Prague: About 30 &#109&#103 &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 &#105&#110 mushroom tissue was prepared in hot water, with effects already noticeable &#116&#101&#110 &#109&#105&#110&#117&#116&#101&#115 &#97&#102&#116&#101&#114 &#105&#110&#103&#101&#115&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 I grew increasingly quiet. At &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116&#44 &#109&#121 &#108&#101&#103&#115 &#98&#101&#103&#97&#110 to tingle, then my underarms as well. &#65&#115&#105&#100&#101 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#97&#13&#10&#100&#101&#101&#112&#101&#114 &#98&#114&#101&#97&#116&#104&#105&#110&#103 rhythm, few other &#115&#111&#109&#97&#116&#105&#99 &#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115&#13&#10&#119&#101&#114&#101 &#110&#111&#116&#101&#100&#46 &#73&#110&#105&#116&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 were &#102&#105&#116&#115 &#111&#102 &#108&#97&#117&#103&#104&#116&#101&#114&#13&#10&#99&#97&#117&#115&#101&#100 &#98&#121 unusual cognitive associations; this laughter also affected the &#116&#119&#111 &#34&#115&#111&#98&#101&#114&#34 &#103&#117&#105&#100&#101&#115&#46 &#65&#13&#10&#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 hyperacuity interfered &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101 &#97&#98&#105&#108&#105&#116&#121 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#108&#105&#115&#116&#101&#110 to music, &#115&#111 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#86&#105&#118&#97&#108&#100&#105&#39&#115 &#34&#83&#112&#114&#105&#110&#103&#116&#105&#109&#101&#34&#13&#10&#99&#97&#117&#115&#101&#100 painful stabs inside the brain. I compared the pain to that caused by a &#34&#115&#97&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#107&#110&#105&#102&#101&#34&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#109&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#115 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 bloated &#97&#110&#100 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#46&#46&#46&#13&#10&#69&#120&#105&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#98&#111&#100&#105&#108&#121 &#99&#104&#97&#114&#97&#99&#116&#101&#114&#105&#115&#116&#105&#99&#115&#44 such as &#116&#104&#105&#110&#110&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#104&#97&#105&#114 &#115&#116&#105&#109&#117&#108&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#97 &#112&#101&#114&#115&#111&#110&#39&#115 illusionary transformation &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#97 &#109&#111&#110&#107 &#119&#105&#116&#104 tonsure. Their voices also appeared reverent and, &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#97&#13&#10&#115&#111&#109&#101&#119&#104&#97&#116 &#112&#97&#114&#97&#110&#111&#105&#100 &#112&#111&#105&#110&#116 of view, these gentlemen at &#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 &#115&#101&#101&#109&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#98&#101 working a switching station that, for some reasons, was my enemy. &#65&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#97&#109&#101&#13&#10&#116&#105&#109&#101&#44 &#73 found &#98&#111&#116&#104 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#109 &#116&#111 be quite likeable. During &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#116&#105&#109&#101 &#112&#101&#114&#105&#111&#100&#44 &#116&#104&#101 other female subject perceived fantastic &#105&#109&#97&#103&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#109&#111&#118&#105&#110&#103 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#115 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#115&#97&#119 visions of &#104&#101&#114 &#119&#104&#111&#108&#101 &#108&#105&#102&#101 &#117&#110&#102&#111&#108&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#98&#101&#104&#105&#110&#100&#13&#10&#99&#108&#111&#115&#101&#100 eyes. &#68&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#112&#101&#114&#105&#111&#100&#44 &#73 had &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#105&#115&#116&#105&#110&#99&#116&#13&#10&#105&#109&#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#105&#111&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#97&#110 electrical current was flowing through my body, which was not an uncomfortable sensation. About three hours &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#103&#101&#110&#116&#108&#101&#109&#101&#110&#13&#10&#114&#101&#116&#105&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#111 the kitchen and the nature of the experience changed quite drastically. At first I felt as &#105&#102 &#109&#121 &#108&#101&#103&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 increasingly merging into the wall, &#97 &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#99&#111&#109&#102&#111&#114&#116&#97&#98&#108&#101&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#46 &#73&#110 a &#115&#116&#97&#116&#101 &#111&#102 &#117&#116&#116&#101&#114 &#99&#108&#97&#114&#105&#116&#121 of consciousness, I finally felt as &#105&#102 &#73 &#104&#97&#100 &#110&#111 &#98&#111&#100&#121 &#97&#116 &#97&#108&#108&#46&#13&#10&#73 &#115&#97&#105&#100&#46 &#34&#84&#104&#101 &#109&#111&#115&#116 descriptive expression is the experience of a pure soul". Using words as triggers, we were able &#116&#111 &#105&#110&#100&#117&#99&#101 &#115&#104&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115 o </div> <p align="justify"> &#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#109&#101&#109&#98&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#102 &#97 family eat the mushrooms together: it &#105&#115 &#110&#111&#116 &#117&#110&#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110 &#102&#111&#114 a father, mother, children, uncles, &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#117&#110&#116&#115 &#116&#111 &#97&#108&#108 participate in &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#102&#111&#114&#109&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 mind that elevate &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115 &#111&#110&#116&#111 &#97 &#104&#105&#103&#104&#101&#114 plan. The kinship &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#115 &#116&#104&#117&#115 &#116&#104&#101 basis of the transcendental &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#105&#118&#105&#116&#121 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#72&#117&#115&#115&#101&#114&#108 &#115&#97&#105&#100 is intersubjectivity. The mushrooms themselves are eaten in pairs, a couple representing man and &#119&#111&#109&#97&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#115&#121&#109&#98&#111&#108&#105&#122&#101&#115 &#116&#104&#101 dual &#112&#114&#105&#110&#99&#105&#112&#108&#101 &#111&#102 &#112&#114&#111&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 Then they sit &#116&#111&#103&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#105&#110&#110&#101&#114 light, dream and realize &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#111&#110&#118&#101&#114&#115&#101 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#101&#97&#99&#104 other, presences &#115&#101&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#116&#111&#103&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 bodies immaterialized by the blackness, voices from without their communality. In a general sense, &#102&#111&#114 &#101&#118&#101&#114&#121&#111&#110&#101 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#116 &#116&#104&#101 purpose of the session is &#97 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#97&#112&#101&#117&#116&#105&#99 &#99&#97&#116&#104&#97&#114&#115&#105&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101 chemicals of transformation of revelation that open the circuits of light, vision, and communication, called by us &#109&#105&#110&#100&#45&#109&#97&#110&#105&#102&#101&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103&#44 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111 the American &#73&#110&#100&#105&#97&#110&#115 &#97&#115 &#109&#101&#100&#105&#99&#105&#110&#101&#115&#58 &#116&#104&#101 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magic+mushroom+conocybe+cyanopus+pictures.php" title="Magic Mushroom Conocybe Cyanopus Pictures" alt="Magic Mushroom Conocybe Cyanopus Pictures" >Magic Mushroom Conocybe Cyanopus Pictures</a> means given to men to know and &#116&#111 &#104&#101&#97&#108&#44 &#116&#111 &#115&#101&#101 and to say the truth. Among the Mazatecs, many, one &#116&#105&#109&#101 &#111&#114 &#97&#110&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 their &#108&#105&#118&#101&#115&#44 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#101&#97&#116&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 mushrooms, whether to cure themselves of an ailment or to resolve a problem; &#98&#117&#116 &#105&#116 &#105&#115 &#110&#111&#116 everyone who has a predilection for such extreme and arduous experiences of the creative imagination or who would want &#116&#111 &#114&#101&#112&#101&#97&#116 &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#106&#111&#117&#114&#110&#101&#121&#115 into the strange, unknown depths of the brain very frequently: those who &#100&#111 &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#104&#97&#109&#97&#110&#115&#44 the &#109&#97&#115&#116&#101&#114&#115&#44 &#119&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#118&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#116 is to eat the mushrooms because they are &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#101&#110 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 spirit, the &#109&#101&#110 &#111&#102 &#108&#97&#110&#103&#117&#97&#103&#101&#44 &#116&#104&#101 men of wisdom.<br> They are individuals recognized by their people to be &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#116 &#105&#110 &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108 adventures, &#97&#110&#100 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#115 eat the mushrooms they always call to be with them, as a guide, one of those who is considered to be particularly acquainted &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#111&#100&#97&#108&#105&#116&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#102 the spirit. The &#109&#101&#100&#105&#99&#105&#110&#101 &#109&#97&#110 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#105&#100&#101&#115 &#111&#118&#101&#114 the session, for just as the Mazatec family &#105&#115 &#112&#97&#116&#101&#114&#110&#97&#108 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#117&#116&#104&#111&#114&#105&#116&#97&#114&#105&#97&#110&#44 the liberating experience unfolds in the &#97&#117&#116&#104&#111&#114&#105&#116&#97&#114&#105&#97&#110 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#101&#120&#116 &#111&#102 &#97 &#115&#105&#116&#117&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 in which, rather than being allowed to speak or encouraged to &#101&#120&#112&#114&#101&#115&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#109&#115&#101&#108&#118&#101&#115&#44 &#101&#118&#101&#114&#121&#111&#110&#101 &#105&#115 enjoined to keep silent and listen while the shaman speaks for each &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#119&#104&#111 &#97&#114&#101 present. &#65&#115 &#111&#110&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 early Spanish chroniclers of the New &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100 &#115&#97&#105&#100&#58 &#34&#84&#104&#101&#121 &#112&#97&#121 a sorcerer who &#101&#97&#116&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#109 &#91&#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#93 and tells them what &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#116&#97&#117&#103&#104&#116 &#104&#105&#109&#46 He does so by means of a rhythmic chant in full &#118&#111&#105&#99&#101&#46&#34&#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#109&#101&#109&#98&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#102 &#97 &#102&#97&#109&#105&#108&#121 eat the mushrooms together: it &#105&#115 &#110&#111&#116 &#117&#110&#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110 &#102&#111&#114 a father, mother, &#99&#104&#105&#108&#100&#114&#101&#110&#44 &#117&#110&#99&#108&#101&#115&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#117&#110&#116&#115 to all participate in these transformations of the mind &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#101&#108&#101&#118&#97&#116&#101 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115 &#111&#110&#116&#111 &#97 higher plan. The kinship relation &#105&#115 &#116&#104&#117&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#97&#115&#105&#115 of the transcendental subjectivity that Husserl said is intersubjectivity. &#84&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#109&#115&#101&#108&#118&#101&#115 &#97&#114&#101 eaten in pairs, a couple &#114&#101&#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#109&#97&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#119&#111&#109&#97&#110 that symbolizes the dual principle &#111&#102 &#112&#114&#111&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 Then they sit together in their inner light, dream &#97&#110&#100 &#114&#101&#97&#108&#105&#122&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#111&#110&#118&#101&#114&#115&#101 &#119&#105&#116&#104 each other, presences seated &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#116&#111&#103&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#98&#111&#100&#105&#101&#115 immaterialized &#98&#121 &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#110&#101&#115&#115&#44 &#118&#111&#105&#99&#101&#115 from without their communality. In a general sense, &#102&#111&#114 &#101&#118&#101&#114&#121&#111&#110&#101 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#116 &#116&#104&#101 purpose of the session is a &#116&#104&#101&#114&#97&#112&#101&#117&#116&#105&#99 &#99&#97&#116&#104&#97&#114&#115&#105&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#99&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97&#108&#115 of &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#102&#111&#114&#109&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#114&#101&#118&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#116 open the circuits of light, vision, and communication, called by us mind-manifesting, were known to the American Indians as medicines: &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#101&#97&#110&#115 &#103&#105&#118&#101&#110 &#116&#111 men to know &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#111 &#104&#101&#97&#108&#44 &#116&#111 see and to say the truth. &#65&#109&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#101&#99&#115&#44 &#109&#97&#110&#121&#44 one time or &#97&#110&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#108&#105&#118&#101&#115&#44 &#104&#97&#118&#101 eaten the mushrooms, &#119&#104&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#116&#111 &#99&#117&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#109&#115&#101&#108&#118&#101&#115 of an ailment &#111&#114 &#116&#111 &#114&#101&#115&#111&#108&#118&#101 &#97 problem; &#98&#117&#116 &#105&#116 &#105&#115 &#110&#111&#116 everyone who &#104&#97&#115 &#97 &#112&#114&#101&#100&#105&#108&#101&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#102&#111&#114 such extreme and arduous experiences &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#105&#109&#97&#103&#105&#110&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#114 who would want &#116&#111 &#114&#101&#112&#101&#97&#116 &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#106&#111&#117&#114&#110&#101&#121&#115 into &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#114&#97&#110&#103&#101&#44 &#117&#110&#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#100&#101&#112&#116&#104&#115 of the brain very frequently: &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#119&#104&#111 &#100&#111 &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101 shamans, the masters, whose vocation it &#105&#115 &#116&#111 &#101&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 mushrooms because they are the men of the spirit, the men of language, the men of wisdom. They are individuals recognized by their people &#116&#111 &#98&#101 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#116 &#105&#110 &#115&#117&#99&#104 psychological adventures, and when the others &#101&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#108&#119&#97&#121&#115 call &#116&#111 &#98&#101 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101&#109&#44 as &#97 &#103&#117&#105&#100&#101&#44 &#111&#110&#101 &#111&#102 those who &#105&#115 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#98&#101 &#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 acquainted with these modalities of the spirit. &#84&#104&#101 &#109&#101&#100&#105&#99&#105&#110&#101 &#109&#97&#110 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#105&#100&#101&#115 over the session, &#102&#111&#114 &#106&#117&#115&#116 &#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#101&#99 family is paternal and authoritarian, the liberating experience unfolds in the authoritarian context &#111&#102 &#97 &#115&#105&#116&#117&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#110 which, rather than being allowed to speak or encouraged &#116&#111 &#101&#120&#112&#114&#101&#115&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#109&#115&#101&#108&#118&#101&#115&#44 &#101&#118&#101&#114&#121&#111&#110&#101 is enjoined to keep &#115&#105&#108&#101&#110&#116 &#97&#110&#100 &#108&#105&#115&#116&#101&#110 &#119&#104&#105&#108&#101 the shaman speaks &#102&#111&#114 &#101&#97&#99&#104 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 who &#97&#114&#101 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#116&#46 &#65&#115 &#111&#110&#101 &#111&#102 the early Spanish chroniclers of the New &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100 &#115&#97&#105&#100&#58 &#34&#84&#104&#101&#121 &#112&#97&#121 a sorcerer who eats &#116&#104&#101&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#93 &#97&#110&#100 tells them what &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#116&#97&#117&#103&#104&#116 &#104&#105&#109&#46 He does so by means &#111&#102 &#97 &#114&#104&#121&#116&#104&#109&#105&#99 &#99&#104&#97&#110&#116 in full voice.<br>"several &#109&#101&#109&#98&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#102 &#97 &#102&#97&#109&#105&#108&#121 eat the mushrooms together: it is &#110&#111&#116 &#117&#110&#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110 &#102&#111&#114 &#97 father, mother, children, uncles, and aunts to all participate &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#102&#111&#114&#109&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#102 the mind &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#101&#108&#101&#118&#97&#116&#101 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115 &#111&#110&#116&#111 &#97 &#104&#105&#103&#104&#101&#114 plan. The kinship relation is thus the &#98&#97&#115&#105&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#99&#101&#110&#100&#101&#110&#116&#97&#108 subjectivity that Husserl &#115&#97&#105&#100 &#105&#115 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#105&#118&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#84&#104&#101 mushrooms themselves are eaten in pairs, a couple representing man and &#119&#111&#109&#97&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#115&#121&#109&#98&#111&#108&#105&#122&#101&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#117&#97&#108 principle of procreation &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#115&#105&#116 together in &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#105&#110&#110&#101&#114 &#108&#105&#103&#104&#116&#44 &#100&#114&#101&#97&#109 and realize &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#111&#110&#118&#101&#114&#115&#101 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#101&#97&#99&#104 other, presences &#115&#101&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#116&#111&#103&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 bodies immaterialized by the blackness, voices from without their communality. In a general sense, for everyone &#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#111&#115&#101 &#111&#102 the session is a &#116&#104&#101&#114&#97&#112&#101&#117&#116&#105&#99 &#99&#97&#116&#104&#97&#114&#115&#105&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#99&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97&#108&#115 of transformation of revelation that &#111&#112&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#105&#114&#99&#117&#105&#116&#115 &#111&#102 light, vision, and &#99&#111&#109&#109&#117&#110&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#99&#97&#108&#108&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#117&#115 mind-manifesting, were &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97&#110 Indians &#97&#115 &#109&#101&#100&#105&#99&#105&#110&#101&#115&#58 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#101&#97&#110&#115 given to men to know and to heal, &#116&#111 &#115&#101&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#111 say &#116&#104&#101 &#116&#114&#117&#116&#104&#46 &#65&#109&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#101&#99&#115&#44 many, one time or another &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#108&#105&#118&#101&#115&#44 &#104&#97&#118&#101 eaten the mushrooms, whether to cure themselves of an ailment or to &#114&#101&#115&#111&#108&#118&#101 &#97 &#112&#114&#111&#98&#108&#101&#109&#59 &#98&#117&#116 it is not everyone who has a predilection &#102&#111&#114 &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#101&#120&#116&#114&#101&#109&#101 &#97&#110&#100 arduous &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101 imagination or who would want to &#114&#101&#112&#101&#97&#116 &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#106&#111&#117&#114&#110&#101&#121&#115 &#105&#110&#116&#111 the strange, unknown depths of the &#98&#114&#97&#105&#110 &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#102&#114&#101&#113&#117&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121&#58 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 who do are the shamans, the masters, whose vocation it is to eat the mushrooms because they &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#101&#110 &#111&#102 the spirit, the men of language, the men &#111&#102 &#119&#105&#115&#100&#111&#109&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#114&#101 individuals recognized by their people to be &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#116 &#105&#110 &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108 adventures, and &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#115 &#101&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 mushrooms they always call to be with them, as &#97 &#103&#117&#105&#100&#101&#44 &#111&#110&#101 &#111&#102 those who is considered to be particularly &#97&#99&#113&#117&#97&#105&#110&#116&#101&#100 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#111&#100&#97&#108&#105&#116&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#102 the spirit.<br> The medicine man presides over the &#115&#101&#115&#115&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#102&#111&#114 &#106&#117&#115&#116 &#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101 Mazatec family is paternal and authoritarian, the liberating &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#117&#110&#102&#111&#108&#100&#115 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 authoritarian context &#111&#102 &#97 &#115&#105&#116&#117&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#110 which, rather than &#98&#101&#105&#110&#103 &#97&#108&#108&#111&#119&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#115&#112&#101&#97&#107 &#111&#114 encouraged to express themselves, everyone is enjoined to keep &#115&#105&#108&#101&#110&#116 &#97&#110&#100 &#108&#105&#115&#116&#101&#110 &#119&#104&#105&#108&#101 the shaman speaks for each of those &#119&#104&#111 &#97&#114&#101 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#116&#46 &#65&#115 &#111&#110&#101 of the early Spanish chroniclers of &#116&#104&#101 &#78&#101&#119 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100 &#115&#97&#105&#100&#58 &#34&#84&#104&#101&#121 pay a sorcerer who eats them the &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#101&#108&#108&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#109 what they have taught him. He does &#115&#111 &#98&#121 &#109&#101&#97&#110&#115 &#111&#102 a rhythmic chant in full voice."several &#109&#101&#109&#98&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#102 &#97 &#102&#97&#109&#105&#108&#121 eat the mushrooms &#116&#111&#103&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#58 &#105&#116 &#105&#115 &#110&#111&#116 uncommon for a father, mother, children, &#117&#110&#99&#108&#101&#115&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#117&#110&#116&#115 &#116&#111 all participate in these transformations of the mind that elevate &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115 &#111&#110&#116&#111 &#97 &#104&#105&#103&#104&#101&#114 plan. The kinship relation is thus the basis of the transcendental subjectivity that Husserl &#115&#97&#105&#100 &#105&#115 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#105&#118&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 themselves are eaten &#105&#110 &#112&#97&#105&#114&#115&#44 &#97 &#99&#111&#117&#112&#108&#101 representing man and woman that symbolizes the dual principle of procreation &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#115&#105&#116 &#116&#111&#103&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#105&#110 their inner light, dream and realize and converse with each other, presences &#115&#101&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#116&#111&#103&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 bodies immaterialized by the blackness, voices from without their &#99&#111&#109&#109&#117&#110&#97&#108&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#73&#110 &#97 &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#108 sense, for everyone present the &#112&#117&#114&#112&#111&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#101&#115&#115&#105&#111&#110 is a therapeutic &#99&#97&#116&#104&#97&#114&#115&#105&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#99&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97&#108&#115 &#111&#102 transformation of revelation that open the circuits of light, vision, and communication, called by &#117&#115 &#109&#105&#110&#100&#45&#109&#97&#110&#105&#102&#101&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103&#44 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 to the American Indians as &#109&#101&#100&#105&#99&#105&#110&#101&#115&#58 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#101&#97&#110&#115 &#103&#105&#118&#101&#110 to men to know and to heal, to see and to say &#116&#104&#101 &#116&#114&#117&#116&#104&#46 &#65&#109&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 Mazatecs, many, one &#116&#105&#109&#101 &#111&#114 &#97&#110&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 their lives, have eaten the &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#44 &#119&#104&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#116&#111 &#99&#117&#114&#101 themselves of &#97&#110 &#97&#105&#108&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#111&#114 &#116&#111 resolve a problem; &#98&#117&#116 &#105&#116 &#105&#115 &#110&#111&#116 everyone who has a predilection for such extreme and arduous &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101 imagination &#111&#114 &#119&#104&#111 &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#119&#97&#110&#116 to repeat such journeys into &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#114&#97&#110&#103&#101&#44 &#117&#110&#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#100&#101&#112&#116&#104&#115 of the brain very frequently: those who do are the shamans, the masters, whose &#118&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#116 &#105&#115 &#116&#111 eat the &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#98&#101&#99&#97&#117&#115&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101 men of the spirit, the men of language, the men of &#119&#105&#115&#100&#111&#109&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#114&#101 &#105&#110&#100&#105&#118&#105&#100&#117&#97&#108&#115 recognized by their people to be expert in such psychological &#97&#100&#118&#101&#110&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 others eat the &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#108&#119&#97&#121&#115 &#99&#97&#108&#108 to &#98&#101 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101&#109&#44 &#97&#115 a &#103&#117&#105&#100&#101&#44 &#111&#110&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 who is &#99&#111&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#98&#101 &#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 acquainted &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#111&#100&#97&#108&#105&#116&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#102 the spirit. The medicine man presides over &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#101&#115&#115&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#102&#111&#114 &#106&#117&#115&#116 as &#116&#104&#101 &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#101&#99 &#102&#97&#109&#105&#108&#121 &#105&#115 &#112&#97&#116&#101&#114&#110&#97&#108 and authoritarian, the liberating experience unfolds in the &#97&#117&#116&#104&#111&#114&#105&#116&#97&#114&#105&#97&#110 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#101&#120&#116 &#111&#102 &#97 situation in which, rather than &#98&#101&#105&#110&#103 &#97&#108&#108&#111&#119&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#115&#112&#101&#97&#107 or encouraged to express themselves, everyone is enjoined to keep silent and listen while the shaman speaks for &#101&#97&#99&#104 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#119&#104&#111 are &#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#116&#46 &#65&#115 &#111&#110&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 early Spanish chroniclers &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#78&#101&#119 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100 said: "They pay a sorcerer &#119&#104&#111 &#101&#97&#116&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#109 &#116&#104&#101 mushrooms and tells them what they have taught him. He does so by &#109&#101&#97&#110&#115 &#111&#102 &#97 &#114&#104&#121&#116&#104&#109&#105&#99 chant in full voice." </p> ulinary mushroom bears no resemblance, either in size or form, to Inocybe aeruginascens. Overall, however, these unfortunate cases have also contributed to our understanding of mushroom biochemistry. In this context, I want to emphasize once more that the hallucinogenic varieties among the Inocybes can easily be mistaken for those muscarine-producing Inocybe species that are extremely poisonous. As part of his investigation of the Psilocybe genus, Guzman noted a common trait among the hallucinogenic species, in addition to the bluing reaction: a flour-like smell or taste. Apart from the inherent subjective nature of our sense of smell and taste, a common odor is a trait that definitely does not apply to the European species (also see Chapter 3.2). Mycophile or Mycophobe? There are reports from the Western United States about people with expert knowledge of Psilocybe semilanceata - devoted mushroom hunters who can identify the species with drill and accuracy. At the same time, however, these experts cannot identify easily spotted common table mushrooms, nor are they able to differentiate the Agaricus species (champignons) from other mushrooms, even when these species grow on the same pasture. Such individuals, then, are not interested in species other than Psilocybe semilanceata. In my opinion, this attitude reflects a rare combination of mycophilia and mycophobia. A mushroom's spore dust provides important information needed to determine identity. A spore print is left by the gills when the cap is placed on black or white paper (depending on spore color). As the process takes several hours, a glass vessel must be placed over the cap to prevent drying. While useful, information obtained from spore analyses has its limitations, For instance, spores derived from mushrooms belonging to different genera may have the same color, but reveal basic differences under the microscope. There is also a high degree of similarity among spores from different Psilocybe species. Thus, the only way to prevent grave errors and potentially deadly intoxications is to rely on experienced experts for mushroom identification, a process that must include analysis of available ecological data. CHAPTER 5 THE BLUING PHENOMENON AND METOL TESTING: REALITY VS. WISHFUL THINKING As previously discussed in Chapters 3.1 and 3.7, the bluing reaction is characteristic of species that produce psilocybin. Still, for unknown reasons, some species or samples belonging to a genus that usually turns blue may not always change color, regardless of psilocybin content. Among the species that I have examined, Psilocybe bohemica displayed the most impressive bluing reaction. The caps of this species stain very quickly in reaction to pressure. Other species, such as Psilocybe cubensis (Earle) Sing. have stems that develop very intensely blue stains, while their caps do not exhibit the bluing reaction. By contrast, Psilocybe <p align="left"> a have been &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#114&#105&#101&#115&#58 Finland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, &#83&#119&#105&#116&#122&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44&#13&#10&#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#44 &#84&#104&#101 &#78&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115&#44 &#66&#101&#108&#103&#105&#117&#109&#44 France, Russia, Poland, the former &#67&#122&#101&#99&#104&#111&#115&#108&#111&#118&#97&#107&#105&#97&#44&#13&#10&#72&#117&#110&#103&#97&#114&#121&#44 &#82&#111&#109&#97&#110&#105&#97&#44 &#83&#99&#111&#116&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 Wales, Italy and Spain. Unfortunately, there are &#110&#111 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#114&#101&#104&#101&#110&#115&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#109&#97&#112&#115 &#100&#101&#116&#97&#105&#108&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 species's distribution pattern.<br> Traditionally, &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115&#13&#10&#104&#97&#118&#101 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#110&#101&#103&#108&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#108&#121 tiny species, such as &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#44 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#101&#110&#100 &#116&#111 share their habitats with other, more prominent species. The sarcastic phrase "The mushrooms occur in abundance wherever mycologists abound" is particularly pertinent in reference &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#80&#114&#105&#111&#114 uses of mushrooms to the discovery of psilocybin, the Psilocybe &#103&#101&#110&#117&#115 &#108&#97&#110&#103&#117&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 literature, shrouded in obscurity. To this day, few 189. Psilocybe semilanceata Fr. Worthless] The cap &#105&#115 &#117&#110&#105&#102&#111&#114&#109&#108&#121 &#99&#111&#110&#105&#99 &#116&#111 bell-shaped, &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97 &#112&#111&#105&#110&#116&#121 &#111&#114 obtuse center forming an almost wart-like protrusion; &#105&#110&#105&#116&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#99&#97&#112&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 taller than they &#97&#114&#101 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#44 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101 &#98&#101&#110&#116 &#97&#110&#100 curved inward; later on, width of &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 &#49&#46&#53&#45&#52 &#99&#109&#46 Hygrophanous; &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#105&#115 &#97 &#100&#105&#114&#116&#121&#105&#115&#104 &#111&#108&#105&#118&#101&#45&#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#119&#104&#101&#110 wet, with translucent striate margins; at the center, coloration is ocher or greenish-yellow against an overall shade of smudgy pale yellow and oftentimes some greenish stains; only &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#98&#97&#110&#100&#101&#100 &#98&#121 a &#100&#97&#114&#107&#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100&#44 &#119&#97&#116&#101&#114&#121&#13&#10&#115&#116&#114&#105&#112&#101 &#97&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 edge. No stripes or banding &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#101 completely dried. Lacking a veil, caps are thin-fleshed, &#98&#97&#108&#100&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97&#110 &#101&#97&#115&#105&#108&#121 separable pellicle that remains gelatinous-sticky for a long time, turning shiny when dry. Gills are olive &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 brown in color, with the edges &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101&#44 &#103&#105&#108&#108 &#115&#112&#97&#99&#105&#110&#103 is quite crowded; gill attachment is either roughly linear or mostly adnexed; &#117&#112 &#116&#111 &#51&#46&#53 &#109&#109 wide; attached at the stem only, fully detached later &#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#101&#108&#111&#110&#103&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 ellipitical &#105&#110 &#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#44 &#115&#109&#111&#111&#116&#104 &#97&#110&#100 large, measuring &#49&#50&#45&#49&#54 &#117&#13&#10&#98&#121 &#54&#45&#56&#44&#117&#46 &#67&#111&#108&#111&#114 of spore dust is blackish &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#116&#101&#109 &#105&#115 &#118&#101&#114&#121 slender, almost &#117&#110&#105&#102&#111&#114&#109&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#105&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#108&#119&#97&#121&#115 twisted, &#54&#45&#49&#50 &#99&#109 &#108&#111&#110&#103 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#49&#46&#50&#53&#45&#50 mm &#116&#104&#105&#99&#107&#44 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#115&#104 &#111&#114 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#105&#115&#104 in color; &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#117&#114&#101 develop bluishgreen stains. Stems are silky smooth and roughly at the center, cortinate fibrils appear like remnants of a veil, which &#105&#115 &#98&#114&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#108&#105&#110&#101&#100 with a &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101 &#102&#105&#98&#114&#111&#117&#115 &#99&#111&#114&#100 &#111&#102 wool-like texture.<br> When dry, the flesh of the cap is colored pale yellow, while the &#115&#116&#101&#109&#39&#115 &#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#111&#99&#104&#101&#114 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 in &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 &#101&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#116&#111&#119&#97&#114&#100&#115 &#116&#104&#101 bottom.<br> It is &#111&#100&#111&#114&#108&#101&#115&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#105&#116&#115 &#102&#108&#97&#118&#111&#114 is mild.<br> The mushroom &#103&#114&#111&#119&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#65&#117&#103&#117&#115&#116 &#116&#111 October, frequently &#105&#110 &#103&#114&#101&#103&#97&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#99&#108&#117&#115&#116&#101&#114&#115&#44 &#97&#110&#100 can be found in pastures and along roadways, growing on dung that has undergone complete decomposition.<br> It is not <H2>Paddos</H2> &#97 &#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#114&#97&#114&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 11(above) This excellent description of Psilocybe semilanceata by Michael & Schulz (1927) is shown here as originally &#112&#117&#98&#108&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 an English &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#13&#10&#77&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#115&#112&#97 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 reported from the following countries: Finland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, &#83&#119&#105&#116&#122&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44&#13&#10&#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#44 &#84&#104&#101 &#78&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115&#44 &#66&#101&#108&#103&#105&#117&#109&#44 France, Russia, Poland, the former &#67&#122&#101&#99&#104&#111&#115&#108&#111&#118&#97&#107&#105&#97&#44&#13&#10&#72&#117&#110&#103&#97&#114&#121&#44 &#82&#111&#109&#97&#110&#105&#97&#44 &#83&#99&#111&#116&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#87&#97&#108&#101&#115&#44&#13&#10&#73&#116&#97&#108&#121 and Spain. Unfortunately, there are no comprehensive maps detailing the species's distribution pattern. Traditionally, mycologists have often neglected relatively tiny species, such as Psilocybe semilanceata, &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#101&#110&#100 &#116&#111 &#115&#104&#97&#114&#101 their habitats with other, more prominent species. The sarcastic phrase "The mushrooms occur in abundance &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101&#118&#101&#114 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#110&#100&#34 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 pertinent &#105&#110 &#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 Psilocybe species. &#80&#114&#105&#111&#114 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#121 of psilocybin, the Psilocybe genus languished in the literature, shrouded in obscurity. To this day, &#102&#101&#119&#13&#10&#49&#56&#57&#46 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#70&#114&#46 Worthless] The &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 &#117&#110&#105&#102&#111&#114&#109&#108&#121 &#99&#111&#110&#105&#99 to &#98&#101&#108&#108&#45&#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#100&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97 &#112&#111&#105&#110&#116&#121 or obtuse center forming an almost wart-like protrusion; &#105&#110&#105&#116&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#99&#97&#112&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 taller than they are wide, margins are bent and &#99&#117&#114&#118&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#119&#97&#114&#100&#59 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#111&#110&#44 width of &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 &#49&#46&#53&#45&#52 &#99&#109&#46 Hygrophanous; &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#105&#115 &#97 &#100&#105&#114&#116&#121&#105&#115&#104 &#111&#108&#105&#118&#101&#45&#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 when wet, with &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#117&#99&#101&#110&#116 &#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#116&#101 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115&#59 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 center, coloration is ocher or greenish-yellow &#97&#103&#97&#105&#110&#115&#116 &#97&#110 &#111&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108&#108 &#115&#104&#97&#100&#101 of smudgy pale yellow and oftentimes some greenish &#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#59 &#111&#110&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115 are banded by a darkcolored, watery stripe around the edge. No stripes &#111&#114 &#98&#97&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116 &#119&#104&#101&#110 mushrooms are completely dried. Lacking a veil, caps are thin-fleshed, &#98&#97&#108&#100&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97&#110 &#101&#97&#115&#105&#108&#121 separable pellicle &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#115 &#103&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#110&#111&#117&#115&#45&#115&#116&#105&#99&#107&#121 &#102&#111&#114 &#97 long time, &#116&#117&#114&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#104&#105&#110&#121 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#100&#114&#121&#46&#13&#10&#71&#105&#108&#108&#115 are olive brown to blackish &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 with the edges often remaining &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101&#44 &#103&#105&#108&#108 &#115&#112&#97&#99&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#115 quite crowded; gill attachment &#105&#115 &#101&#105&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 &#108&#105&#110&#101&#97&#114 or mostly adnexed; up to &#51&#46&#53 &#109&#109 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#59 &#97&#116&#116&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 at the stem only, fully detached later &#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#101&#108&#111&#110&#103&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 ellipitical in &#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#44 &#115&#109&#111&#111&#116&#104 &#97&#110&#100 &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101&#44 measuring 12-16 u by 6-8,u. Color of spore dust is blackish purple brown.<br> Stem is very &#115&#108&#101&#110&#100&#101&#114&#44 &#97&#108&#109&#111&#115&#116 &#117&#110&#105&#102&#111&#114&#109&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#105&#110 and always &#116&#119&#105&#115&#116&#101&#100&#44 &#54&#45&#49&#50 &#99&#109 &#108&#111&#110&#103 and 1.<br>25-2 &#109&#109 &#116&#104&#105&#99&#107&#44 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#115&#104 &#111&#114 whitish in color; areas subjected to pressure develop bluishgreen stains. Stems are &#115&#105&#108&#107&#121 &#115&#109&#111&#111&#116&#104 &#97&#110&#100 &#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 at the center, cortinate fibrils appear like remnants of a veil, which is brittle and lined with &#97 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101 &#102&#105&#98&#114&#111&#117&#115 &#99&#111&#114&#100 of wool-like texture. When dry, &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 cap is colored &#112&#97&#108&#101 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#101 stem's flesh is ocher brown in color, especially towards &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#111&#116&#116&#111&#109&#46 &#73&#116 &#105&#115 odorless &#97&#110&#100 &#105&#116&#115 &#102&#108&#97&#118&#111&#114 &#105&#115 mild. The mushroom grows from August to October, &#102&#114&#101&#113&#117&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121 &#105&#110 &#103&#114&#101&#103&#97&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#99&#108&#117&#115&#116&#101&#114&#115&#44 and can be found in pastures and along &#114&#111&#97&#100&#119&#97&#121&#115&#44 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#110 &#100&#117&#110&#103 that has &#117&#110&#100&#101&#114&#103&#111&#110&#101 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#99&#111&#109&#112&#111&#115&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 &#73&#116 &#105&#115 &#110&#111&#116 &#97 particularly rare species. Figure 11(above) This excellent description of Psilocybe semilanceata by Michael & Schulz (1927) is shown here as &#111&#114&#105&#103&#105&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#112&#117&#98&#108&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#44 with an &#69&#110&#103&#108&#105&#115&#104 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#13&#10&#77&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#115&#112&#97 &#104&#97&#118&#101 been reported from the following &#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#114&#105&#101&#115&#58 &#70&#105&#110&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#78&#111&#114&#119&#97&#121&#44&#13&#10&#83&#119&#101&#100&#101&#110&#44 &#68&#101&#110&#109&#97&#114&#107&#44 Germany, &#83&#119&#105&#116&#122&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44&#13&#10&#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#44 &#84&#104&#101 &#78&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115&#44 &#66&#101&#108&#103&#105&#117&#109&#44 France, Russia, Poland, the former &#67&#122&#101&#99&#104&#111&#115&#108&#111&#118&#97&#107&#105&#97&#44&#13&#10&#72&#117&#110&#103&#97&#114&#121&#44 &#82&#111&#109&#97&#110&#105&#97&#44 &#83&#99&#111&#116&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 Wales, Italy and Spain. Unfortunately, there are no comprehensive maps detailing the species's distribution pattern. &#84&#114&#97&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115&#13&#10&#104&#97&#118&#101 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#110&#101&#103&#108&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 relatively &#116&#105&#110&#121 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 &#115&#117&#99&#104&#13&#10&#97&#115 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#44 &#116&#104&#97&#116 tend to share their habitats with other, more prominent species. The sarcastic phrase "The mushrooms occur in abundance &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101&#118&#101&#114 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#110&#100&#34 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 pertinent in reference to the &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#80&#114&#105&#111&#114 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 discovery of psilocybin, &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#103&#101&#110&#117&#115 &#108&#97&#110&#103&#117&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 &#105&#110 the literature, shrouded &#105&#110 &#111&#98&#115&#99&#117&#114&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#84&#111 &#116&#104&#105&#115 day, few 189. Psilocybe &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#70&#114&#46 &#91&#87&#111&#114&#116&#104&#108&#101&#115&#115&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 &#117&#110&#105&#102&#111&#114&#109&#108&#121 conic to bell-shaped, with a pointy or obtuse center forming an almost wart-like protrusion; initially, &#99&#97&#112&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#116&#97&#108&#108&#101&#114 than they are wide, &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101 &#98&#101&#110&#116 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#117&#114&#118&#101&#100 inward; later on, width of cap is 1.5-4 cm. Hygrophanous; coloration is a dirtyish olive-brown when wet, with &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#117&#99&#101&#110&#116 &#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#116&#101 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115&#59 &#97&#116 the center, coloration is ocher or greenish-yellow against an overall shade of smudgy pale yellow and oftentimes &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#105&#115&#104 &#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#59 &#111&#110&#108&#121 the margins are banded <b>Mushrooms In Magic Mushrooms Magic Which Grow</b> by a &#100&#97&#114&#107&#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100&#44 &#119&#97&#116&#101&#114&#121&#13&#10&#115&#116&#114&#105&#112&#101 &#97&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 edge. &#78&#111 &#115&#116&#114&#105&#112&#101&#115 &#111&#114 &#98&#97&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103 evident when mushrooms are completely dried.<br> Lacking a veil, caps are thin-fleshed, &#98&#97&#108&#100&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97&#110 &#101&#97&#115&#105&#108&#121 &#115&#101&#112&#97&#114&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#112&#101&#108&#108&#105&#99&#108&#101 that remains gelatinous-sticky for a long time, turning &#115&#104&#105&#110&#121 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#100&#114&#121&#46&#13&#10&#71&#105&#108&#108&#115 &#97&#114&#101 olive &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 brown in color, with the &#101&#100&#103&#101&#115 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101&#44 &#103&#105&#108&#108 spacing is &#113&#117&#105&#116&#101 &#99&#114&#111&#119&#100&#101&#100&#59 &#103&#105&#108&#108 &#97&#116&#116&#97&#99&#104&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#105&#115 either roughly linear &#111&#114&#13&#10&#109&#111&#115&#116&#108&#121 &#97&#100&#110&#101&#120&#101&#100&#59 &#117&#112 &#116&#111 3.5 mm wide; attached at the stem only, fully detached later on. Spores are elongated to ellipitical in &#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#44 &#115&#109&#111&#111&#116&#104 &#97&#110&#100 &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101&#44 measuring 12-16 u by 6-8,u.<br> Color &#111&#102 &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101 &#100&#117&#115&#116 &#105&#115 blackish purple &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#116&#101&#109 &#105&#115 &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#115&#108&#101&#110&#100&#101&#114&#44 almost uniformly thin and always twisted, 6-12 cm &#108&#111&#110&#103 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#49&#46&#50&#53&#45&#50 &#109&#109 &#116&#104&#105&#99&#107&#44 yellowish or whitish in color; areas subjected to &#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#117&#114&#101 &#100&#101&#118&#101&#108&#111&#112 &#98&#108&#117&#105&#115&#104&#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#13&#10&#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#46 &#83&#116&#101&#109&#115 are silky smooth and &#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44 cortinate fibrils &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#110&#97&#110&#116&#115 &#111&#102 &#97 &#118&#101&#105&#108&#44 which &#105&#115 &#98&#114&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#108&#105&#110&#101&#100 with a white fibrous cord of wool-like texture. When dry, the flesh of <i>Paddos</i> the cap &#105&#115 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100 &#112&#97&#108&#101 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#44 while the stem's flesh is ocher brown in color, especially towards the bottom.<br> &#73&#116 &#105&#115 &#111&#100&#111&#114&#108&#101&#115&#115 &#97&#110&#100 its flavor &#105&#115 &#109&#105&#108&#100&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#115 from August to October, frequently in gregarious clusters, and can be found in pastures and &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#114&#111&#97&#100&#119&#97&#121&#115&#44 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#110 dung that &#104&#97&#115 &#117&#110&#100&#101&#114&#103&#111&#110&#101 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#99&#111&#109&#112&#111&#115&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 &#73&#116 is &#110&#111&#116 &#97 &#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#114&#97&#114&#101 species. Figure &#49&#49&#40&#97&#98&#111&#118&#101&#41 &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#101&#120&#99&#101&#108&#108&#101&#110&#116 <b>uses of mushrooms</b> &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#112&#116&#105&#111&#110 of Psilocybe &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#98&#121 &#77&#105&#99&#104&#97&#101&#108 &#38 Schulz (1927) is shown here as originally &#112&#117&#98&#108&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 an English translation.<br> Mycologists spa have been reported from the following countries: Finland, Norway, Sweden, &#68&#101&#110&#109&#97&#114&#107&#44 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#44 &#83&#119&#105&#116&#122&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44&#13&#10&#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#44 &#84&#104&#101 Netherlands, Belgium, France, Russia, Poland, the former &#67&#122&#101&#99&#104&#111&#115&#108&#111&#118&#97&#107&#105&#97&#44&#13&#10&#72&#117&#110&#103&#97&#114&#121&#44 &#82&#111&#109&#97&#110&#105&#97&#44 &#83&#99&#111&#116&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 Wales, Italy and Spain. Unfortunately, there &#97&#114&#101 &#110&#111 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#114&#101&#104&#101&#110&#115&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#109&#97&#112&#115 &#100&#101&#116&#97&#105&#108&#105&#110&#103 the species's distribution pattern.<br> &#84&#114&#97&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115&#13&#10&#104&#97&#118&#101 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#110&#101&#103&#108&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 relatively tiny species, such as Psilocybe semilanceata, that tend to share their habitats with other, more prominent species. The sarcastic phrase "The mushrooms occur in abundance wherever &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#110&#100&#34 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#112&#101&#114&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 in &#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 Prior to the discovery of psilocybin, the Psilocybe genus languished in the &#108&#105&#116&#101&#114&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101&#44&#13&#10&#115&#104&#114&#111&#117&#100&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#111&#98&#115&#99&#117&#114&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#84&#111 this &#100&#97&#121&#44 &#102&#101&#119&#13&#10&#49&#56&#57&#46 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 Fr. &#87&#111&#114&#116&#104&#108&#101&#115&#115&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 &#117&#110&#105&#102&#111&#114&#109&#108&#121 conic to bell-shaped, with a pointy or obtuse center forming an almost wart-like protrusion; initially, caps are often taller than they are wide, margins are bent and curved inward; later on, width of &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 &#49&#46&#53&#45&#52 &#99&#109&#46 &#72&#121&#103&#114&#111&#112&#104&#97&#110&#111&#117&#115&#59 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#105&#115 a dirtyish olive-brown when wet, with &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#117&#99&#101&#110&#116 &#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#116&#101 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115&#59 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 center, coloration is ocher or &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#105&#115&#104&#45&#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119 &#97&#103&#97&#105&#110&#115&#116 &#97&#110 &#111&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108&#108 shade of smudgy pale yellow and oftentimes some greenish &#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#59 &#111&#110&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115 &#97&#114&#101 banded by a darkcolored, watery stripe &#97&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#100&#103&#101&#46 &#78&#111 stripes &#111&#114 &#98&#97&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116 &#119&#104&#101&#110 mushrooms are completely dried. Lacking a veil, caps are thin-fleshed, &#98&#97&#108&#100&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97&#110 &#101&#97&#115&#105&#108&#121 &#115&#101&#112&#97&#114&#97&#98&#108&#101 pellicle that remains gelatinous-sticky for a &#108&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#44 &#116&#117&#114&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#104&#105&#110&#121 &#119&#104&#101&#110 dry. Gills are olive brown to blackish purple &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 the edges often remaining white, gill spacing &#105&#115 &#113&#117&#105&#116&#101 &#99&#114&#111&#119&#100&#101&#100&#59 &#103&#105&#108&#108 &#97&#116&#116&#97&#99&#104&#109&#101&#110&#116 is either roughly linear or mostly &#97&#100&#110&#101&#120&#101&#100&#59 &#117&#112 &#116&#111 &#51&#46&#53 mm &#119&#105&#100&#101&#59 &#97&#116&#116&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 stem only, fully detached later on. Spores are elongated to ellipitical &#105&#110 &#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#44 &#115&#109&#111&#111&#116&#104 &#97&#110&#100 large, measuring 12-16 u by 6-8,u. Color of spore dust is blackish purple brown.<br> Stem is very slender, almost uniformly thin and always twisted, 6-12 cm long and 1.25-2 mm thick, yellowish or whitish in color; areas &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#117&#114&#101 &#100&#101&#118&#101&#108&#111&#112 bluishgreen stains. Stems are silky smooth and roughly &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44 &#99&#111&#114&#116&#105&#110&#97&#116&#101 fibrils appear <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/mss.php" title="Mss" alt="Mss" >Mss</a> like remnants &#111&#102 &#97 &#118&#101&#105&#108&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 is brittle and lined with a white fibrous cord of wool-like texture. When dry, the flesh &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 colored pale yellow, &#119&#104&#105&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#101&#109&#39&#115 &#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 is ocher brown in &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 &#101&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#116&#111&#119&#97&#114&#100&#115 &#116&#104&#101 bottom. It is odorless and its flavor &#105&#115 &#109&#105&#108&#100&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#115 from August to &#79&#99&#116&#111&#98&#101&#114&#44 &#102&#114&#101&#113&#117&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121 &#105&#110 &#103&#114&#101&#103&#97&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115 clusters, and can be found in pastures and along roadways, &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#110 &#100&#117&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#97&#116 has undergone complete decomposition. It is not a &#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#114&#97&#114&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#49&#49&#40&#97&#98&#111&#118&#101&#41 This excellent description of Psilocybe semilanceata by Michael & Schulz (1927) is &#115&#104&#111&#119&#110 &#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#115 &#111&#114&#105&#103&#105&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121 published in German, with an English translation. Mycologists sp </p> e creek on wood chips of Carpinus, Alnus and Salix, on raw compost mixtures of Picea, Pinus and Larix needles, as Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Figure 21 - Fruiting curve of Psilocybe cyanescens based on observations at several locations in the former Czechoslovakia. The mycelia make use of different kinds of plant debris and even grow on wet cardboard, where they develop into rhizomorphs just like they would in nature. Rhizomorphs are thick strands of mycelia that serve to transport nutrients and water. They also develop intense blue stains (see Figure 22). Figure 23 Distribution pattern of Psilocybe cyanescens in Germany and adjacent areas (according to Krieglsteiner). Locations are indicated by black dots. Figure 22 Psilocybe bohemica rhizomorphs growing on wet cardboard. Figure 24 - Psilocybe cyanescens at a natural location (USA). Figure 25 - Psilocybe bohemica on twigs and leaves. Impressive Experiences Psilocybe bohemica is a very psychoactive species. Its effects are vividly documented in the following account of one natural scientist's experience as part of controlled clinical trials in Prague: About 30 mg of psilocybin in mushroom tissue was prepared in hot water, with effects already noticeable ten minutes after ingestion. I grew increasingly quiet. At first, my legs began to tingle, then my underarms as well. Aside from a deeper breathing rhythm, few other somatic effects were noted. Initially there were fits of laughter caused by unusual cognitive associations; this laughter also affected the two "sober" guides. A growing hyperacuity interfered with the ability to listen to music, so that Vivaldi's "Springtime" caused painful stabs inside the brain. I compared the pain to that caused by a "sawing knife". The experimenters appeared bloated and yellow... Existing bodily characteristics, such as thinning hair stimulated a person's illusionary transformation into a monk with tonsure. Their voices also appeared reverent and, from a somewhat paranoid point of view, these gentlemen at times seemed to be working a switching station that, for some reasons, was my enemy. At the same time, I found both of them to be quite likeable. During this time period, the other female subject perceived fantastic images of moving colors and saw visions of her whole life unfolding behind closed eyes. During this period, I had the distinct impression that an electrical current was flowing through my body, which was not an uncomfortable sensation. About three hours later, the gentlemen retired to the kitchen and the nature of the experience changed quite drastically. At first I felt as if my legs were increasingly merging into the wall, a very comfortable experience. In a state of utter clarity of consciousness, I finally felt as if I had no body at all. I said. "The most descriptive expression is the experience of a pure soul". Using words as triggers, we were able to induce shared experiences o As <i>uses of mushrooms</i> they say, ʼTis the <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/mushroom+art.php" title="Mushroom Art" alt="Mushroom Art" >Mushroom Art</a> season &#116&#111 &#98&#101 &#112&#105&#99&#107&#105&#110&#103&#700&#44 &#98&#117&#116 make <div align="left"> &#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#119&#104&#111 &#103&#111&#114&#103&#101&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101&#109&#115&#101&#108&#118&#101&#115 on our tax dollars. I met &#74&#111&#99&#104&#101&#110 &#71&#97&#114&#116&#122 &#115&#104&#111&#114&#116&#108&#121 &#97&#102&#116&#101&#114 the fall of the Berlin Wall at the third &#115&#121&#109&#112&#111&#115&#105&#117&#109 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 &#67&#111&#108&#108&#101&#103&#101 for the Study &#111&#102 &#67&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#13&#10&#40&#69&#67&#83&#67&#41 &#105&#110 &#70&#114&#101&#105&#98&#117&#114&#103&#44 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#46 Our encounter was my first contact with a researcher from the former East &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#46 &#74&#111&#99&#104&#101&#110 &#71&#97&#114&#116&#122&#39&#115 &#101&#110&#116&#104&#117&#115&#105&#97&#115&#116&#105&#99 &#108&#101&#99&#116&#117&#114&#101&#13&#10&#119&#97&#115 a &#116&#114&#117&#108&#121 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#101&#120&#112&#97&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#101&#118&#101&#110&#116&#44 &#104&#105&#115&#13&#10&#119&#111&#114&#100&#115 &#98&#114&#101&#97&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#100&#111&#119&#110 traditional borders and crossing over &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#110&#101&#119 &#116&#101&#114&#114&#105&#116&#111&#114&#121&#46 &#84&#104&#101 magic mushrooms &#115&#112&#111&#107&#101 &#116&#104&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104 &#104&#105&#109 &#45 &#119&#105&#116&#104 no trace of dogma or ideology - in the &#116&#114&#97&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#116&#114&#117&#101 &#97&#110&#97&#114&#99&#104&#121 that is the hallmark of mushroom magic. What &#73 &#104&#101&#97&#114&#100 &#119&#97&#115 &#117&#110&#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#97&#98&#108&#101&#46&#13&#10&#74&#111&#99&#104&#101&#110 spoke &#111&#102 &#97 &#34&#110&#101&#119&#34 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#101&#100&#101&#108&#105&#99 mushroom and its &#109&#105&#103&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#109&#121&#99&#101&#108&#105&#97 &#104&#97&#100 &#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#99&#101&#110&#116&#114&#105&#99 &#99&#105&#114&#99&#108&#101&#115 &#111&#117&#116&#119&#97&#114&#100 from Leipzig, jumping all political borders.<br> Finally, &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#121&#99&#101&#108&#105&#97&#13&#10&#114&#101&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 &#87&#101&#115&#116 German soil, the &#104&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#66&#101&#114&#108&#105&#110 &#87&#97&#108&#108&#13&#10&#99&#114&#117&#109&#98&#108&#101&#100&#46 &#67&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 possibly be &#97 &#99&#111&#110&#110&#101&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#98&#101&#116&#119&#101&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#118&#111&#108&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 of the magic mushroom and the evolution of our consciousness? Could a mushroom have contributed &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#114&#101&#115&#111&#108&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#111&#117&#114 political conflicts? In the past, politicians, even popes, had their own jesters and magicians, &#119&#104&#111 &#102&#117&#110&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110&#101&#100 &#97&#115&#13&#10&#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#117&#114&#101 &#114&#101&#108&#101&#97&#115&#101 valves in the machinations of political power struggles.<br> It &#105&#115 &#111&#98&#118&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#97&#13&#10&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#114&#121 whose chancellor is being pelted &#119&#105&#116&#104&#13&#10&#101&#103&#103&#115&#44 &#117&#114&#103&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121 &#110&#101&#101&#100&#115 &#97 new breed of magician who are able to readjust reality. But today, no aspiring magician should go about this task without this book as a guide for &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#111&#110&#100&#114&#111&#117&#115 &#106&#111&#117&#114&#110&#101&#121 &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#97&#108&#109 of &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#46&#13&#10&#67&#104&#114&#105&#115&#116&#105&#97&#110 &#82&#100&#116&#115&#99&#104&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#53 - "Anthropomorphic Beings Engaged &#105&#110 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#68&#97&#110&#99&#101&#34&#13&#10&#49&#48&#44&#48&#48&#48&#45&#121&#101&#97&#114&#45&#111&#108&#100 &#114&#111&#99&#107 drawing in &#84&#97&#115&#115&#105&#108&#105&#44 &#83&#97&#104&#97&#114&#97 &#40&#65&#108&#103&#101&#114&#105&#97&#41&#13&#10&#67&#72&#65&#80&#84&#69&#82 &#49&#13&#10&#73 BELIEVE THE TIME <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/fresh+magic+mushroom/" title="Fresh Magic Mushroom" alt="Fresh Magic Mushroom" >Fresh Magic Mushroom</a> HAS COME FOR A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF NEW FINDINGS FROM THE FIELDS OF MYCOLOGY, TAXONOMY AND NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY When R.G. &#87&#97&#115&#115&#111&#110&#44 &#82&#46 &#72&#101&#105&#109 &#97&#110&#100 A.<br> Hofmann began their interdisciplinary research program to study the Mexican &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 usage in Mexican mushroom cults, their efforts &#99&#117&#108&#109&#105&#110&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#97&#13&#10&#49&#57&#53&#56 &#108&#97&#110&#100&#109&#97&#114&#107 report that described &#116&#104&#101 &#105&#115&#111&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#44&#13&#10&#109&#111&#108&#101&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114 &#115&#116&#114&#117&#99&#116&#117&#114&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#115&#121&#110&#116&#104&#101&#115&#105&#115 of the mushrooms' active ingredients: psilocybin and psilocin.<br> Several years later, these substances were also identified in a &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#44 Psilocybe semilanceata, which &#98&#101&#99&#97&#109&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#105&#110 &#97 &#115&#101&#114&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#102 newly &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#83&#105&#110&#99&#101&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101&#110&#44 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 mushrooms from other &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#13&#10&#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#119&#105&#116&#104 increasing frequency. As part of my analytical work dedicated to <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/seattle+cyanescens.php" title="Seattle Cyanescens" alt="Seattle Cyanescens" >Seattle Cyanescens</a> the identification of naturally &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114&#114&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#99&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97&#108&#115&#44 &#73 &#104&#97&#100 &#116&#104&#101 good fortune to be part of a research team that studied alkaloids found &#105&#110 &#97&#13&#10&#118&#97&#114&#105&#101&#116&#121 &#111&#102 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 species. Now &#73 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#116&#105&#109&#101 &#104&#97&#115 come for a comprehensive review of new findings from the fields of mycology, taxonomy &#97&#110&#100 &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108 &#112&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#116&#115 &#99&#104&#101&#109&#105&#115&#116&#114&#121&#46&#13&#10&#87&#97&#115&#115&#111&#110 and his successors have already provided detailed accounts pertaining to the history &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#115&#116&#117&#100&#121 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#77&#101 </div> It has been suggested by an Australian physician that the general public in Australia, as well as members of its drug using subculture, first became aware of the visionary properties of these psychoactive mushrooms by a visiting surfer(s), who came from either New Zealand or the United States (Hawaii) and most likely provided ethnomycological information to local surfers (McCarthy, 1971). This physician reported that the use of psychoactive mushrooms, as well as 21 other drugs "was well demonstrated during a survey on drug abuse that was conducted in Southern Queensland during l969." This survey relied on interviews of 51 people belonging to "the `surfer' subculture local beach resorts". In this report, the doctor believed that "although the survey involved surfers and their female friends, there is no suggestion that the use of these drugs is confined to this group, which constitutes but a proportion of our (Australian) young drug taking community." It is thus likely that word-of-mouth communication made a significant contribution to the increasing use of "magic mushrooms" in Australia and NZ. ulinary mushroom bears no resemblance, either in size or form, to Inocybe aeruginascens. Overall, however, these unfortunate cases have also contributed to our understanding of mushroom biochemistry. In this context, I want to emphasize once more that the hallucinogenic varieties among the Inocybes can easily be mistaken for those muscarine-producing Inocybe species that are extremely poisonous. As part of his investigation of the Psilocybe genus, Guzman noted a common trait among the hallucinogenic species, in addition to the bluing reaction: a flour-like smell or taste. Apart from the inherent subjective nature of our sense of smell and taste, a common odor is a trait that definitely does not apply to the European species (also see Chapter 3.2). Mycophile or Mycophobe? There are reports from the Western United States about people with expert knowledge of Psilocybe semilanceata - devoted mushroom hunters who can identify the species with drill and accuracy. At the same time, however, these experts cannot identify easily spotted common table mushrooms, nor are they able to differentiate the Agaricus species (champignons) from other mushrooms, even when these species grow on the same pasture. Such individuals, then, are not interested in species other than Psilocybe semilanceata. In my opinion, this attitude reflects a rare combination of mycophilia and mycophobia. A mushroom's spore dust provides important information needed to determine identity. A spore print is left by the gills when the cap is placed on black or white paper (depending on spore color). As the process takes several hours, a glass vessel must be placed over the cap to prevent drying. While useful, information obtained from spore analyses has its limitations, For instance, spores derived from mushrooms belonging to different genera may have the same color, but reveal basic differences under the microscope. There is also a high degree of similarity among spores from different Psilocybe species. Thus, the only way to prevent grave errors and potentially deadly intoxications is to rely on experienced experts for mushroom identification, a process that must include analysis of available ecological data. CHAPTER 5 THE BLUING PHENOMENON AND METOL TESTING: REALITY VS. WISHFUL THINKING As previously discussed in Chapters 3.1 and 3.7, the bluing reaction is characteristic of species that produce psilocybin. Still, for unknown reasons, some species or samples belonging to a genus that usually turns blue may not always change color, regardless of psilocybin content. Among the species that I have examined, Psilocybe bohemica displayed the most impressive bluing reaction. The caps of this species stain very quickly in reaction to pressure. Other species, such as Psilocybe cubensis (Earle) Sing. have stems that develop very intensely blue stains, while their caps do not exhibit the bluing reaction. By contrast, Psilocybe Existing evidence indicates that man in the Old World —Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia—has made less use of native plants and shrubs for their hallucinogenic properties than has man in the New World. There is little reason to believe that the vegetation of one half of the globe is poorer or richer in species with hallucinogenic properties than the other half. Why, then, should there be such disparity? Has man in the Old World simply not discovered many of the native hallucinogenic plants? Are some of them too toxic in other ways to be utilized? Or has man in the Old World been culturally less interested in narcotics? We have no real answer. But we do know that the Old World has fewer known species employed hallucinogenically than does the New World: compared with only 15 or 20 species used in the Eastern Hemisphere, the species used hallucinogenically in the Western Hemisphere number more than 100! Yet some of the Old World hallucinogens today hold places of primacy throughout the world. Cannabis, undoubtedly the most widespread of all the hallucinogens, is perhaps the best example. The several solanaceous ingredients of medieval witches' brews—henbane, nightshade, belladonna, and mandrake—greatly influenced European philosophy, medicine, and even history for many years. Some played an extraordinarily vital religious role in the early Aryan cultures of northern India. The role of hallucinogens in the cultural and social development of many areas of the Old World is only now being investigated. At every turn, its exte <p align="right"> xican mushroom species, so &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#97&#116&#101&#114&#105&#97&#108&#115 &#110&#101&#101&#100 &#110&#111&#116 be repeated in this context. However, &#99&#101&#114&#116&#97&#105&#110 &#97&#115&#112&#101&#99&#116&#115 &#99&#111&#110&#99&#101&#114&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#109&#111&#114&#101 recent &#117&#115&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 as well as their conditions of growth will receive more detailed attention in later chapters. The main &#112&#117&#114&#112&#111&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#98&#111&#111&#107 is to inspire further study of these mushrooms, particularly basic research efforts and medical applications of magic mushroom ingredients. The extensive bibliography will help scientists and other &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#101&#115 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#102&#117&#114&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#105&#109&#109&#101&#114&#115&#101 themselves in this complex area of study. Jochen Gartz Figure 6 - &#66&#114&#111&#110&#122&#101 &#100&#111&#111&#114&#115 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#109&#111&#116&#105&#102 entitled "Trial and Judgment" at Hildesheim Cathedral, Germany (ca. 1020).<br> CHAPTER &#50&#13&#10&#82&#69&#70&#76&#69&#67&#84&#73&#79&#78&#83 &#79&#78 &#84&#72&#69 &#72&#73&#83&#84&#79&#82&#89&#13&#10&#65&#78&#68 SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF MAGIC &#77&#85&#83&#72&#82&#79&#79&#77&#83&#13&#10&#73&#116 &#105&#115 &#114&#101&#109&#97&#114&#107&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116 cultures native &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97&#110 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 &#107&#110&#101&#119 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 a relatively large number of &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108 &#109&#105&#110&#100&#45&#97&#108&#116&#101&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101&#115&#13&#10&#99&#111&#109&#112&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#111 early cultures that evolved in &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#13&#10&#111&#114 &#65&#115&#105&#97&#46 &#66&#111&#116&#97&#110&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#100&#111&#101&#115 not &#115&#117&#112&#112&#111&#114&#116 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#110&#111&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101 is home to &#102&#101&#119&#101&#114 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99&#13&#10&#112&#108&#97&#110&#116&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 regions. Furthermore, the growing number &#111&#102 &#114&#101&#99&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121 &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 species containing psilocybin indicate a flourishing psychotropic &#109&#121&#99&#111&#102&#108&#111&#114&#97 &#105&#110 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#13&#10&#115&#105&#109&#105&#108&#97&#114 &#116&#111 those found in other countries. It &#105&#115 &#117&#110&#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 European cultures learned less about local plants and mushrooms through usage and experience than cultures elsewhere in &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#111&#114&#108&#100&#46 &#77&#111&#115&#116 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121&#44 early cultural knowledge of European psychoactive plants and mushrooms &#119&#97&#115 &#108&#111&#115&#116 &#111&#114 &#100&#101&#115&#116&#114&#111&#121&#101&#100 at some time in history, probably as early as &#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#104&#117&#110&#100&#114&#101&#100 &#121&#101&#97&#114&#115&#13&#10&#97&#103&#111&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#121 that the fly agaric mushroom (Amanita muscaria) was known &#102&#111&#114 &#105&#116&#115&#13&#10&#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#112&#101&#114&#116&#105&#101&#115 &#105&#110 Siberia invited the conclusion that this mushroom was used &#97&#115 &#97&#13&#10&#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 &#97&#103&#101&#110&#116 &#105&#110 medieval <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/danger+of+magic+mushroom/mushroom+art.php" title="Mushroom Gallery Mushroom Gallery Magic Gallery Danger Gallery Magic Gallery Art" alt="Mushroom Gallery Mushroom Gallery Magic Gallery Danger Gallery Magic Gallery Art" >Mushroom Gallery Mushroom Gallery Magic Gallery Danger Gallery Magic Gallery Art</a> Europe as well. In fact, &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#105&#115 &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#108&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#99&#101 from the &#77&#105&#100&#100&#108&#101&#13&#10&#65&#103&#101&#115 &#116&#111 &#105&#110&#100&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100 knowledge of the effects of specific mushrooms on human consciousness. However, I believe that past reports on psychoactive mushrooms were causally linked to Amanita muscaria simply because this was the only known psychotropic mushroom in &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101 &#97&#116&#13&#10&#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#46&#13&#10&#87&#104&#105&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#101 usage of Amanita muscaria among Siberian &#116&#114&#105&#98&#101&#115 &#104&#97&#115 &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#115 of spectacular hallucinations, European accounts &#111&#102&#13&#10&#102&#108&#121 <i>how to pick shrooms</i> &#97&#103&#97&#114&#105&#99 &#105&#110&#116&#111&#120&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#100&#111 not generally include descriptions of such intensely hallucinatory effects. Accordingly, the potent hallucinogenic effects &#111&#102 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#102&#105&#99 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 related species are likely to have &#104&#97&#100 &#97 &#109&#117&#99&#104 &#109&#111&#114&#101 significant influence &#111&#110 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 than the delirium-like &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#105&#110&#100&#117&#99&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#65&#109&#97&#110&#105&#116&#97&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#99&#97&#114&#105&#97&#44 a species that is also known to induce unconsciousness and severe somatic side effects. This hypothesis is corroborated by data &#102&#114&#111&#109&#13&#10&#99&#111&#109&#112&#114&#101&#104&#101&#110&#115&#105&#118&#101 &#102&#105&#101&#108&#100 &#115&#116&#117&#100&#105&#101&#115 &#99&#111&#110&#100&#117&#99&#116&#101&#100 in Mexico. I believe that &#104&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#105&#99 &#97&#99&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#115 &#105&#110&#99&#108&#117&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101&#100 below - indicate &#97 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#108&#101&#100&#103&#101 &#111&#102 </p> </p> <h1 id="cross-browser">Magic Mushrooms Spores From Mexico @ 2/9/2010 8:32:20 AM</h1> <p></p> <h1 id="stylesheets">how to identify psychedelic mushrooms of southeastern usa</h1> <p>The question of dosage is often confused by the variation in the source of the hallucinogenic mushroom species which is consumed. several members of a family eat the mushrooms together: it is not uncommon for a father, mother, children, uncles, and aunts to all participate in these transformations of the mind that elevate consciousness onto a higher plan. The kinship relation is thus the basis of the transcendental subjectivity that Husserl said is intersubjectivity. The mushrooms themselves are eaten in pairs, a couple representing man and woman that symbolizes the dual principle of procreation and creation. Then they sit together in their inner light, dream and realize and converse with each other, presences seated there together, their bodies immaterialized by the blackness, voices from without their communality. In a general sense, for everyone present the purpose of the session is a therapeutic catharsis. The chemicals of transformation of revelation that open the circuits of light, vision, and communication, called by us mind-manifesting, were known to the American Indians as medicines: the means given to men to know and to heal, to see and to say the truth. Among the Mazatecs, many, one time or another during their lives, have eaten the mushrooms, whether to cure themselves of an ailment or to resolve a problem; but it is not everyone who has a predilection for such extreme and arduous experiences of the creative imagination or who would want to repeat such journeys into the strange, unknown depths of the brain very frequently: those who do are the shamans, the masters, whose vocation it is to eat the mushrooms because they are the men of the spirit, the men of language, the men of wisdom. They are individuals recognized by their people to be expert in such psychological adventures, and when the others eat the mushrooms they always call to be with them, as a guide, one of those who is considered to be particularly acquainted with these modalities of the spirit. The medicine man presides over the session, for just as the Mazatec family is paternal and authoritarian, the liberating experience unfolds in the authoritarian context of a situation in which, rather than being allowed to speak or encouraged to express themselves, everyone is enjoined to keep silent and listen while the shaman speaks for each of those who are present. As one of the early Spanish chroniclers of the New World said: "They pay a sorcerer who eats them the mushrooms] and tells them what they have taught him. He does so by means of a rhythmic chant in full voice." by A. Hofmann, Sandoz Pharmaceuticals manufactured about 2 kg (ca. 4.4lbs) of pure psilocybin for scientific research purposes. The results of pharmacological testing soon revealed psilocybin as an alkaloid that was perfectly safe for human subjects under controlled experimental conditions. Despite this evidence, the anti-drug legislative framework of the mid1960s firmly established an "official mycophobia", a misguided, yet entrenched policy that still prevails today and effectively prevents the scientific investigation of promising potential applications for psilocybin and other alkaloids. At the same time, mycological and biochemical research studies have shown that psilocybincontaining mushrooms thrive all over the world and can be found on all continents. These mushrooms are no different from any other mycoflora and must not be excluded from scientific investigation because of their alkaloid content. In addition to overall variations in value systems across cultures, individuals tend to develop their own personal attitudes towards mushrooms in general. Oftentimes, the evolution of specific opinions about mushrooms can be traced back to childhood events, even though such early experiences seldom account for the development of prevailing biases and value systems later in life. I recall an incident from my own childhood, which occurred when I was about five years old. I was playing in a grassy meadow, when a girl pointed to a brown mushroom and earnestly explained that it was inedible and poisonous. While I have never forgotten this encounter, I did grow up to become a devoted mushroom enthusiast. On the other hand, a different childhood event has left me with the vivid memory of discovering a landfill virtually covered with vast numbers of gilled bluing mushrooms and the sense of awe I experienced contemplating this sight. In general, the unusual characteristics of these mushrooms are most likely responsible for strong impressions formed early in life, which then may develop into various attitudes or beliefs later on. An enduring personal interest in psychotropic mushroom species can serve to amplify or diminish mycophobic as well as mycophilic dispositions, depending on the influence of other factors. After all, judgments about the benefit or folly of deliberately altering one's state of consciousness are also colored by individual preferences, biases and opinions. The following chapters are meant to illustrate this diversity of attitudes towards psychotropic mushrooms. Descriptions of planned and involuntary experiments with specific mushroom species offer convincing evidence that the effects of psychoactive mushrooms are open to many possible interpretations. CHAPTER 3 THE CURRENT STATE OF KNOWLEDGE ABOUT EUROPEAN SPECIES Figure 7 - Distribution pattern of Psilocybe cyanescens across Europe and North Africa (according to Krieglsteiner). Black dots indicate approximate locatio <p align="justify"> , and who gorge themselves on our tax dollars.<br> I &#109&#101&#116 &#74&#111&#99&#104&#101&#110 &#71&#97&#114&#116&#122 &#115&#104&#111&#114&#116&#108&#121 after the fall of the Berlin &#87&#97&#108&#108 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#116&#104&#105&#114&#100 symposium of &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 &#67&#111&#108&#108&#101&#103&#101 &#102&#111&#114 &#116&#104&#101 <b>growing shrooms from cow manure</b> &#83&#116&#117&#100&#121 of Consciousness (ECSC) in Freiburg, &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#46 &#79&#117&#114 &#101&#110&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#101&#114 &#119&#97&#115&#13&#10&#109&#121 first contact with a researcher from the &#102&#111&#114&#109&#101&#114&#13&#10&#69&#97&#115&#116 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#46 &#74&#111&#99&#104&#101&#110 &#71&#97&#114&#116&#122&#39&#115 enthusiastic &#108&#101&#99&#116&#117&#114&#101&#13&#10&#119&#97&#115 &#97 &#116&#114&#117&#108&#121 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#101&#120&#112&#97&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#101&#118&#101&#110&#116&#44 his words breaking down traditional borders and crossing &#111&#118&#101&#114 &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#110&#101&#119 &#116&#101&#114&#114&#105&#116&#111&#114&#121&#46 <u>growing shrooms from cow manure</u> The magic mushrooms &#115&#112&#111&#107&#101 &#116&#104&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104 &#104&#105&#109 &#45 with no <H2>growing shrooms from cow manure</H2> &#116&#114&#97&#99&#101 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#100&#111&#103&#109&#97 &#111&#114 &#105&#100&#101&#111&#108&#111&#103&#121 - in the tradition &#111&#102 &#116&#114&#117&#101 &#97&#110&#97&#114&#99&#104&#121 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#105&#115 the hallmark of mushroom magic. &#87&#104&#97&#116 &#73 &#104&#101&#97&#114&#100 &#119&#97&#115 unbelievable.<br> Jochen &#115&#112&#111&#107&#101 &#111&#102 &#97 &#34&#110&#101&#119&#34 psychedelic mushroom and its migration. The mycelia had spread in concentric &#99&#105&#114&#99&#108&#101&#115 &#111&#117&#116&#119&#97&#114&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#76&#101&#105&#112&#122&#105&#103&#44 jumping all political borders. Finally, when the mycelia reached West &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110 &#115&#111&#105&#108&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#104&#97&#116&#101&#100 Berlin Wall crumbled.<br> Could there possibly be a &#99&#111&#110&#110&#101&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#98&#101&#116&#119&#101&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#118&#111&#108&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 magic mushroom and the evolution of our consciousness? Could a mushroom have contributed to the &#114&#101&#115&#111&#108&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#111&#117&#114 &#112&#111&#108&#105&#116&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#99&#111&#110&#102&#108&#105&#99&#116&#115&#63&#13&#10&#73&#110 the past, politicians, &#101&#118&#101&#110 &#112&#111&#112&#101&#115&#44 &#104&#97&#100&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#111&#119&#110 jesters and magicians, &#119&#104&#111 &#102&#117&#110&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110&#101&#100 &#97&#115&#13&#10&#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#117&#114&#101 &#114&#101&#108&#101&#97&#115&#101 valves in the machinations of political &#112&#111&#119&#101&#114 &#115&#116&#114&#117&#103&#103&#108&#101&#115&#46 &#73&#116 &#105&#115 obvious that a country whose chancellor &#105&#115 &#98&#101&#105&#110&#103 &#112&#101&#108&#116&#101&#100 &#119&#105&#116&#104&#13&#10&#101&#103&#103&#115&#44 urgently needs &#97 &#110&#101&#119 &#98&#114&#101&#101&#100 &#111&#102 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#105&#97&#110 &#119&#104&#111&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/dung+shrooms+growing.php" title="Dung Shrooms Growing" alt="Dung Shrooms Growing" >Dung Shrooms Growing</a> able to readjust reality. But today, no aspiring magician should &#103&#111 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#116&#97&#115&#107 &#119&#105&#116&#104&#111&#117&#116 this book as a guide for &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#111&#110&#100&#114&#111&#117&#115 &#106&#111&#117&#114&#110&#101&#121 &#105&#110&#116&#111 the realm of &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#46&#13&#10&#67&#104&#114&#105&#115&#116&#105&#97&#110 &#82&#100&#116&#115&#99&#104&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#53 - "Anthropomorphic Beings Engaged in Mushroom <b>growing shrooms from cow manure</b> Dance" 10,000-year-old &#114&#111&#99&#107 &#100&#114&#97&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#110 &#84&#97&#115&#115&#105&#108&#105&#44 Sahara (Algeria) CHAPTER 1 I &#66&#69&#76&#73&#69&#86&#69 &#84&#72&#69 &#84&#73&#77&#69 &#72&#65&#83 COME FOR A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF &#78&#69&#87&#13&#10&#70&#73&#78&#68&#73&#78&#71&#83 &#70&#82&#79&#77 &#84&#72&#69 &#70&#73&#69&#76&#68&#83 OF MYCOLOGY, TAXONOMY AND &#78&#65&#84&#85&#82&#65&#76&#13&#10&#80&#82&#79&#68&#85&#67&#84&#83 &#67&#72&#69&#77&#73&#83&#84&#82&#89&#13&#10&#87&#104&#101&#110 &#82&#46&#71&#46 &#87&#97&#115&#115&#111&#110&#44 R. &#72&#101&#105&#109 &#97&#110&#100 &#65&#46&#13&#10&#72&#111&#102&#109&#97&#110&#110 &#98&#101&#103&#97&#110 their interdisciplinary &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104&#13&#10&#112&#114&#111&#103&#114&#97&#109 &#116&#111 &#115&#116&#117&#100&#121 &#116&#104&#101 Mexican &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 usage in Mexican mushroom cults, &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#101&#102&#102&#111&#114&#116&#115 &#99&#117&#108&#109&#105&#110&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#97&#13&#10&#49&#57&#53&#56 landmark report &#116&#104&#97&#116 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/buymagicalmushroomsintheunitedstatessale.php" title="Buymagicalmushroomsintheunitedstatessale" alt="Buymagicalmushroomsintheunitedstatessale" >Buymagicalmushroomsintheunitedstatessale</a> &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#105&#115&#111&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#44&#13&#10&#109&#111&#108&#101&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114 structure and synthesis of the mushrooms' active &#105&#110&#103&#114&#101&#100&#105&#101&#110&#116&#115&#58 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#105&#110&#46 &#83&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108 years later, these substances were also identified in a &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#44 Psilocybe semilanceata, &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#98&#101&#99&#97&#109&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#105&#110 a series of newly discovered species.<br> Since then, psychoactive mushrooms from other &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#13&#10&#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#119&#105&#116&#104 increasing frequency.<br> As part of my analytical work dedicated to the identification of naturally occurring chemicals, I had &#116&#104&#101 &#103&#111&#111&#100 &#102&#111&#114&#116&#117&#110&#101 &#116&#111 be part of a research team that studied alkaloids &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#105&#110 &#97&#13&#10&#118&#97&#114&#105&#101&#116&#121 &#111&#102 mushroom species.<br> Now I believe the time &#104&#97&#115 &#99&#111&#109&#101 &#102&#111&#114 &#97 comprehensive review of new findings from &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#101&#108&#100&#115 &#111&#102 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#121&#44&#13&#10&#116&#97&#120&#111&#110&#111&#109&#121 and natural products &#99&#104&#101&#109&#105&#115&#116&#114&#121&#46&#13&#10&#87&#97&#115&#115&#111&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#104&#105&#115 &#115&#117&#99&#99&#101&#115&#115&#111&#114&#115 have already provided detailed accounts &#112&#101&#114&#116&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103 <b>growing shrooms from cow manure</b> &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#104&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#121 and study of the Me </p> <div align="center"> &#101 &#99&#114&#101&#101&#107 &#111&#110 &#119&#111&#111&#100 chips of Carpinus, Alnus and Salix, on raw compost mixtures of Picea, &#80&#105&#110&#117&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#76&#97&#114&#105&#120 &#110&#101&#101&#100&#108&#101&#115&#44&#13&#10&#97&#115&#13&#10&#83&#101&#112&#116&#46 Oct. &#78&#111&#118&#46 &#68&#101&#99&#46 &#74&#97&#110&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#50&#49 - Fruiting curve &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#98&#97&#115&#101&#100 &#111&#110 &#111&#98&#115&#101&#114&#118&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 at several locations in the &#102&#111&#114&#109&#101&#114 &#67&#122&#101&#99&#104&#111&#115&#108&#111&#118&#97&#107&#105&#97&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#109&#121&#99&#101&#108&#105&#97 &#109&#97&#107&#101 &#117&#115&#101 of different kinds of plant debris and even grow on wet cardboard, where they &#100&#101&#118&#101&#108&#111&#112 &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#114&#104&#105&#122&#111&#109&#111&#114&#112&#104&#115 &#106&#117&#115&#116 like they &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#105&#110 &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101&#46 &#82&#104&#105&#122&#111&#109&#111&#114&#112&#104&#115 are thick strands of mycelia that serve to transport nutrients and water. They also develop intense blue stains (see Figure 22).<br> Figure 23 Distribution pattern of Psilocybe cyanescens in Germany and adjacent areas (according to Krieglsteiner).<br> Locations are indicated by black dots. Figure 22 Psilocybe bohemica rhizomorphs growing on wet &#99&#97&#114&#100&#98&#111&#97&#114&#100&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#50&#52 &#45 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 cyanescens at a natural location (USA). Figure &#50&#53 &#45 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#98&#111&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97 &#111&#110 &#116&#119&#105&#103&#115 and leaves. Impressive Experiences Psilocybe bohemica &#105&#115 &#97 &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 Its effects are vividly documented in the following account of one natural scientist's experience as &#112&#97&#114&#116 &#111&#102 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#114&#111&#108&#108&#101&#100 &#99&#108&#105&#110&#105&#99&#97&#108 trials in Prague: About 30 mg of &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 &#105&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#13&#10&#116&#105&#115&#115&#117&#101 &#119&#97&#115 prepared &#105&#110 &#104&#111&#116 &#119&#97&#116&#101&#114&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 effects already noticeable &#116&#101&#110 &#109&#105&#110&#117&#116&#101&#115 &#97&#102&#116&#101&#114 &#105&#110&#103&#101&#115&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 I grew increasingly &#113&#117&#105&#101&#116&#46 &#65&#116 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116&#44 &#109&#121 legs began to tingle, then my &#117&#110&#100&#101&#114&#97&#114&#109&#115 &#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108&#46 &#65&#115&#105&#100&#101 from a deeper breathing rhythm, few other somatic effects were noted. Initially there were &#102&#105&#116&#115 &#111&#102 &#108&#97&#117&#103&#104&#116&#101&#114&#13&#10&#99&#97&#117&#115&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#117&#110&#117&#115&#117&#97&#108 cognitive associations; this laughter also affected the two "sober" guides. A growing hyperacuity interfered with &#116&#104&#101 &#97&#98&#105&#108&#105&#116&#121 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#108&#105&#115&#116&#101&#110 &#116&#111 &#109&#117&#115&#105&#99&#44 so that Vivaldi's &#34&#83&#112&#114&#105&#110&#103&#116&#105&#109&#101&#34&#13&#10&#99&#97&#117&#115&#101&#100 &#112&#97&#105&#110&#102&#117&#108 &#115&#116&#97&#98&#115 &#105&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101 the brain.<br> I compared the &#112&#97&#105&#110 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#99&#97&#117&#115&#101&#100 by a "sawing knife". &#84&#104&#101&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#109&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#115 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#98&#108&#111&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#97&#110&#100 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#46&#46&#46&#13&#10&#69&#120&#105&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103 bodily characteristics, such as thinning hair stimulated a person's illusionary transformation into a monk with tonsure. Their voices also appeared reverent and, from a somewhat paranoid point of &#118&#105&#101&#119&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#103&#101&#110&#116&#108&#101&#109&#101&#110&#13&#10&#97&#116 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 seemed to be working a switching station that, for some reasons, was my enemy. At the same time, I found both of them to be quite likeable. During this time <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magic+mushroom+spore/marinated+mushroom.php" title="Marinated Spore Mushroom Mushroom Marinated" alt="Marinated Spore Mushroom Mushroom Marinated" >Marinated Spore Mushroom Mushroom Marinated</a> period, the other &#102&#101&#109&#97&#108&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#13&#10&#112&#101&#114&#99&#101&#105&#118&#101&#100 &#102&#97&#110&#116&#97&#115&#116&#105&#99 &#105&#109&#97&#103&#101&#115 of moving colors and saw visions of her whole life unfolding behind closed &#101&#121&#101&#115&#46 &#68&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#112&#101&#114&#105&#111&#100&#44 I &#104&#97&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#105&#115&#116&#105&#110&#99&#116&#13&#10&#105&#109&#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#105&#111&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#116 an electrical current was flowing through my body, which was not an uncomfortable sensation.<br> About three &#104&#111&#117&#114&#115 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#103&#101&#110&#116&#108&#101&#109&#101&#110&#13&#10&#114&#101&#116&#105&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#111 the kitchen and the &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#99&#104&#97&#110&#103&#101&#100 quite &#100&#114&#97&#115&#116&#105&#99&#97&#108&#108&#121&#46&#13&#10&#65&#116 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#73 &#102&#101&#108&#116 as if my legs were increasingly merging &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#97&#108&#108&#44 &#97 very comfortable experience.<br> &#73&#110 &#97 &#115&#116&#97&#116&#101 &#111&#102 utter &#99&#108&#97&#114&#105&#116&#121 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#44 &#73 &#102&#105&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121 felt as &#105&#102 &#73 &#104&#97&#100 &#110&#111 body at &#97&#108&#108&#46&#13&#10&#73 &#115&#97&#105&#100&#46 &#34&#84&#104&#101 &#109&#111&#115&#116 descriptive expression is the experience of a pure soul". &#85&#115&#105&#110&#103 &#119&#111&#114&#100&#115 &#97&#115 &#116&#114&#105&#103&#103&#101&#114&#115&#44&#13&#10&#119&#101 &#119&#101&#114&#101 able &#116&#111 &#105&#110&#100&#117&#99&#101 &#115&#104&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115 o </div> CATTLE AS A POSSIBLE DISPERSAL MECHANISM FOR PSYCHOACTIVE DUNG FUNGI One may ask the question, "how did these mushrooms arrive in Australia and New Zealand?" Well some species may be endemic,that is, they were already there naturally. Other species such as the above described dung-inhabiting mushrooms most likelyappeared after the introduction of cattle on the subcontinent.The first livestock to arrive in Australia were brought from the Cape of Good Hope in1788, and included 2 bulls and 5 cows, along with other domesticated farm animals. Byl803, the government owned approximately 1800 cattle, most of which were importedfrom the Cape, Calcutta, and the west coast of America. It was during this period thatsome of the visionary mushrooms mentioned in this field guide probably first appeared inAustralia (Unsigned, 1973). According to Australian mycologist John Burton Cleland(1934), "fungi growing in cow or horse-dung and confined to such habitats, must in thecase of Australia, all belong to introduced species". It is believed to have been the SouthAfrican dung beetle which may have actually spread the spores. According to Englishmycologist Roy Watling of the Royal Botanic Gardens in Glasgow, Scotland, "it must beremembered that fungi can change substrate preferences and there are coprophilousfungi on kangaroo droppings etc." Some mycologists who have studied the "magicmushrooms" in Australia and NZ claim that the "use of P. cubensis as a recreational drugtends to confirm the belief that some] farmers in early times may have] added one or two basidiomes gilled mushrooms] to a mealto liven it up and still do] Margot & Watling, 1981)." More than half of Australia's beef cattle can be found in the coastal areas of Queensland </p> <p><div align="center"> More &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#104&#97&#108&#102 &#111&#102 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#39&#115 beef cattle can be &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#111&#97&#115&#116&#97&#108 areas of Queensland &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#101&#119 &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104 &#87&#97&#108&#101&#115&#59 and the 20 to &#51&#48 &#105&#110&#99&#104 <u>magic mushrooms that grow in wood chips</u> &#40&#53&#48&#48&#45&#55&#53&#48&#109&#109&#41 &#114&#97&#105&#110&#102&#97&#108&#108 belt &#111&#102 &#81&#117&#101&#101&#110&#115&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#78&#101&#119 &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104 &#87&#97&#108&#101&#115 and &#78&#111&#114&#116&#104&#101&#114&#110 &#86&#105&#99&#116&#111&#114&#105&#97&#44 &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#112&#114&#111&#118&#105&#100&#101 adequate climatic environments &#102&#111&#114 &#116&#104&#101 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#116&#104 &#111&#102 psilocybian mushrooms, &#101&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#97&#102&#116&#101&#114 &#104&#101&#97&#118&#121 &#114&#97&#105&#110&#115&#46 It has been suggested that "Psilocybe &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#119&#97&#115 &#105&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#116&#111 Australia accidentally by early settlers along &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#108&#105&#118&#101&#115&#116&#111&#99&#107&#46&#34 &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#115&#97&#109&#101 spore dispersal mechanism also probably applies to Copelandia cyanescens, Panaeolus &#115&#117&#98&#98&#97&#108&#116&#101&#97&#116&#117&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#97&#100&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 species known to occur in or &#97&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#117&#110&#103 &#111&#102 other ruminants. This includes Psilocybe semilanceata and the &#110&#111&#110&#45&#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99 &#34&#104&#97&#121&#109&#97&#107&#101&#114&#39&#115&#34 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#105&#110&#97 foenisecii. While cattle are raised in &#97&#108&#108 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110 &#115&#116&#97&#116&#101&#115&#44 &#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108 as in the central lowlands, recreational users &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111 export these psychoptic species to various areas in &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101 they &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#108&#108&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100&#46 &#73&#110 &#116&#104&#101 case of New &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#104&#101&#114&#101&#97&#102&#116&#101&#114 &#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#111 as NZ, cattle are the primary source for &#67&#111&#112&#101&#108&#97&#110&#100&#105&#97 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115&#44 &#98&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#101 "liberty &#99&#97&#112&#34 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 only &#103&#114&#111&#119&#115 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#110&#117&#114&#101&#100 soil <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/mushroomsfromsouthAmerica.php" title="Mushroomsfromsouthamerica" alt="Mushroomsfromsouthamerica" >Mushroomsfromsouthamerica</a> of &#102&#111&#117&#114&#45&#108&#101&#103&#103&#101&#100 &#114&#117&#109&#105&#110&#97&#110&#116&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#110&#111&#116 directly from manure (Jansen, Pers. Comm., 1988). The identification section of this guide documents reported locations for more than 1 dozen species of psilocybian mushrooms in Australia and NZ which most likely have been &#117&#115&#101&#100 &#97&#116 &#111&#110&#101 &#116&#105&#109&#101 or another &#102&#111&#114 &#114&#101&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#111&#115&#101&#115&#46 </div> a have been reported from the following countries: Finland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, The Netherlands, Belgium, France, Russia, Poland, the former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Scotland, England, Wales, Italy and Spain. Unfortunately, there are no comprehensive maps detailing the species's distribution pattern. Traditionally, mycologists have often neglected relatively tiny species, such as Psilocybe semilanceata, that tend to share their habitats with other, more prominent species. The sarcastic phrase "The mushrooms occur in abundance wherever mycologists abound" is particularly pertinent in reference to the Psilocybe species. Prior to the discovery of psilocybin, the Psilocybe genus languished in the literature, shrouded in obscurity. To this day, few 189. Psilocybe semilanceata Fr. Worthless] The cap is uniformly conic to bell-shaped, with a pointy or obtuse center forming an almost wart-like protrusion; initially, caps are often taller than they are wide, margins are bent and curved inward; later on, width of cap is 1.5-4 cm. Hygrophanous; coloration is a dirtyish olive-brown when wet, with translucent striate margins; at the center, coloration is ocher or greenish-yellow against an overall shade of smudgy pale yellow and oftentimes some greenish stains; only the margins are banded by a darkcolored, watery stripe around the edge. No stripes or banding evident when mushrooms are completely dried. Lacking a veil, caps are thin-fleshed, bald, with an easily separable pellicle that remains gelatinous-sticky for a long time, turning shiny when dry. Gills are olive brown to blackish purple brown in color, with the edges often remaining white, gill spacing is quite crowded; gill attachment is either roughly linear or mostly adnexed; up to 3.5 mm wide; attached at the stem only, fully detached later on. Spores are elongated to ellipitical in shape, smooth and large, measuring 12-16 u by 6-8,u. Color of spore dust is blackish purple brown. Stem is very slender, almost uniformly thin and always twisted, 6-12 cm long and 1.25-2 mm thick, yellowish or whitish in color; areas subjected to pressure develop bluishgreen stains. Stems are silky smooth and roughly at the center, cortinate fibrils appear like remnants of a veil, which is brittle and lined with a white fibrous cord of wool-like texture. When dry, the flesh of the cap is colored pale yellow, while the stem's flesh is ocher brown in color, especially towards the bottom. It is odorless and its flavor is mild. The mushroom grows from August to October, frequently in gregarious clusters, and can be found in pastures and along roadways, growing on dung that has undergone complete decomposition. It is not a particularly rare species. Figure 11(above) This excellent description of Psilocybe semilanceata by Michael & Schulz (1927) is shown here as originally published in German, with an English translation. Mycologists sp As they say, ʼTis the season to be pickingʼ, but make CATTLE AS A POSSIBLE DISPERSAL MECHANISM FOR PSYCHOACTIVE DUNG FUNGI One may ask the question, "how did these mushrooms arrive in Australia and New Zealand?" Well some species may be endemic,that is, they were already there naturally. Other species such as the above described dung-inhabiting mushrooms most likelyappeared after the introduction of cattle on the subcontinent.The first livestock to arrive in Australia were brought from the Cape of Good Hope in1788, and included 2 bulls and 5 cows, along with other domesticated farm animals. Byl803, the government owned approximately 1800 cattle, most of which were importedfrom the Cape, Calcutta, and the west coast of America. It was during this period thatsome of the visionary mushrooms mentioned in this field guide probably first appeared inAustralia (Unsigned, 1973). According to Australian mycologist John Burton Cleland(1934), "fungi growing in cow or horse-dung and confined to such habitats, must in thecase of Australia, all belong to introduced species". It is believed to have been the SouthAfrican dung beetle which may have actually spread the spores. According to Englishmycologist Roy Watling of the Royal Botanic Gardens in Glasgow, Scotland, "it must beremembered that fungi can change substrate preferences and there are coprophilousfungi on kangaroo droppings etc." Some mycologists who have studied the "magicmushrooms" in Australia and NZ claim that the "use of P. cubensis as a recreational drugtends to confirm the belief that some] farmers in early times may have] added one or two basidiomes gilled mushrooms] to a mealto liven it up and still do] Margot & Watling, 1981)." Macroscopically, it is extremely difficult to distinguish from Psilocybe semilanceata. Unlike the latter species, however, Psilocybe pelliculosa will grow in forests on wood chips and sawdust. Beug and Bigwood were able to furnish analytical proof in support of the claim that Psilocybe pelliculosa is weaker in its psychotropic effects than comparable species. Psilocybe pelliculosa contains about 30-50% of the amount of psilocybin found in Psilocybe cyanescens (slang names: Blue wavy, Cyan, Grandote), a species common across the Pacific Northwest. It fruits primarily in parks, forming partial fairy rings. This species did not become popular among users until the mid-1970s. species still fruits most abundantly in the fall. A New Psychoactive Mushroom Mushroom Trips as a Popular Sport Several additional Psilocybe species have been found in the Pacific Northwest, even though the taxonomic classification of most of these species remains inadequate, despite the fact that monographs such as those by P. Stamets offer quite detailed descriptions of the psychotropic mycoflora. In the mid-1970s, Guzman and Ott reported a rather spectacular event concerning the spread of a "new" mushroom species. During the fall of 1972, large numbers of a strongly bluing gilled mushroom with a distinct ring pattern were found at the University of Washington in Seattle. The fruiting bodies were found growing on bark mulch, which came from a central distribution point and which had been spread widely across the campus by gardeners. Due to the bluing reaction, students at the university assumed that the mushroom contained psilocybin, a belief that was confirmed later on. The sudden appearance of massive numbers of fruiting bodies quickly inspired students at the university to use the mushrooms as a hallucinogen. In my opinion, it is still uncertain if the mushroom really appeared spontaneously, or whether it fruited on bark debris simply because the substance had previously been mixed with spawn derived from fruiting bodies that originated elsewhere. In any case, in 1976, the mushrooms were named Psilocybe stuntzii Guzman & Ott (slang name: "blue veil" or "stuntzees", (see Figures 54 and 71). Today, the species can be found growing on bark and on lawns in parks, on golf courses, football fields and gardens in numbers so large that it is considered the second most important species in terms of usage, after Psilocybe semilanceata. In addition, Panaeolus subbalteatus is another regionally important mushroom species (slang name: "red cap"), even though its users believe it to be slightly more poisonous than the Psilocybe species. Still, the mushroom is used quite frequently, because it begins to fruit during the spring. The Psilocybe species, on the other hand, do not appear until fall and continue to grow into early winter, when temperatures consistently drop below freezing, which inhibits further fruiting of the spe <p align="center"> More than half &#111&#102 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#39&#115 &#98&#101&#101&#102 &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101 can be &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#111&#97&#115&#116&#97&#108 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 of Queensland &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#101&#119 &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104 &#87&#97&#108&#101&#115&#59 and &#116&#104&#101 &#50&#48 &#116&#111 &#51&#48 inch <H3>magic mushroom art</H3> (500-750mm) rainfall belt of Queensland, New South Wales and Northern Victoria, generally provide adequate climatic environments &#102&#111&#114 &#116&#104&#101 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#116&#104 &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#97&#110 mushrooms, especially after heavy rains. It has been suggested &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#34&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#119&#97&#115 introduced into Australia &#97&#99&#99&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#98&#121 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#115&#101&#116&#116&#108&#101&#114&#115 along with their livestock." This same spore dispersal mechanism &#97&#108&#115&#111 &#112&#114&#111&#98&#97&#98&#108&#121 &#97&#112&#112&#108&#105&#101&#115 &#116&#111 Copelandia cyanescens, Panaeolus subbalteatus &#97&#110&#100 <H2>Mushies</H2> &#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#97&#100&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 known to occur in &#111&#114 &#97&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#117&#110&#103 &#111&#102 other ruminants.<br> This includes Psilocybe semilanceata and the non-hallucinogenic "haymaker's" &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#105&#110&#97 &#102&#111&#101&#110&#105&#115&#101&#99&#105&#105&#46 &#87&#104&#105&#108&#101 cattle are raised in all Australian states, &#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#97&#115 &#105&#110 the central lowlands, &#114&#101&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#117&#115&#101&#114&#115 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 to &#101&#120&#112&#111&#114&#116 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#112&#116&#105&#99 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 to various areas in &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101 they <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/cubensispotencyreview.php" title="Cubensispotencyreview" alt="Cubensispotencyreview" >Cubensispotencyreview</a> were collected. In the case of New Zealand, hereafter referred to as NZ, cattle are the primary source for &#67&#111&#112&#101&#108&#97&#110&#100&#105&#97 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115&#44 &#98&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#101 "liberty cap" mushroom Psilocybe semilanceata only &#103&#114&#111&#119&#115 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#110&#117&#114&#101&#100 &#115&#111&#105&#108 of four-legged ruminants and not directly &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#109&#97&#110&#117&#114&#101 &#40&#74&#97&#110&#115&#101&#110&#44 &#80&#101&#114&#115&#46 &#67&#111&#109&#109&#46&#44 1988). The identification &#115&#101&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#103&#117&#105&#100&#101 &#100&#111&#99&#117&#109&#101&#110&#116&#115 reported locations for more than 1 dozen &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#97&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 in &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#90 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 most likely have been used at one time or another for recreational purposes.<br> </p> Most users &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#97&#114&#121 mushrooms &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#108&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#108&#101&#100&#103&#101 of their scientific names.<br> &#73&#110&#115&#116&#101&#97&#100&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#103&#105&#118&#101&#110 their favorite species local &#101&#112&#105&#116&#104&#101&#116&#115 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#97&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110&#108&#121 used by those who collect and ingest &#116&#104&#101&#109&#46 &#83&#111&#109&#101 &#111&#102 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/things+to+do+tripping+on+shrooms.php" title="Things To Do Tripping On Shrooms" alt="Things To Do Tripping On Shrooms" >Things To Do Tripping On Shrooms</a> &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 popular names are also known and applied by users outside of &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#90&#46 &#34&#77&#97&#103&#105&#99 Mushrooms" is the most common term applied to any mushroom &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#101 &#97&#110&#100&#47&#111&#114 psilocine.<br> It was invented by a &#76&#105&#102&#101 &#77&#97&#103&#97&#122&#105&#110&#101 &#101&#100&#105&#116&#111&#114 &#105&#110 l957 ( see Wasson, l957). Psilocybe cubensis is known in Australia as "golden tops", "gold tops" or sometimes "gold caps." The Australian epithets may have &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#103&#105&#118&#101&#110 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#105&#115 species by members of a local, drugusing group &#111&#102 &#115&#117&#114&#102&#101&#114&#115 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#102&#114&#101&#113&#117&#101&#110&#116&#101&#100 the Gold Coast region of Eastern Australia; however, some of these &#110&#97&#109&#101&#115 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#97&#112&#112&#97&#114&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121 &#98&#101&#101&#110 used to describe several different species of Psilocybe &#98&#121 &#117&#115&#101&#114&#115 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#40&#115&#101&#101 &#65&#108&#108&#101&#110&#44 1997). As mentioned above, Psilocybe cubensis is not known &#116&#111 <H1>Shrooms Drawing Of Death Trees</H1> &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114 &#105&#110 &#78&#101&#119 Zealand. Those who ingest Copelandia cyanescens, known in Australia and New Zealand as "blue &#109&#101&#97&#110&#105&#101&#115&#34&#44 &#97&#108&#115&#111 &#114&#101&#102&#101&#114 &#116&#111 this species as "Blue Legs", "golden tops" or "gold caps".<br> The latter two nicknames, as well as "dimple tops" and "cone heads", are &#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110 &#116&#101&#114&#109&#115 &#97&#112&#112&#108&#105&#101&#100 &#116&#111 Copelandia &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#72&#97&#119&#97&#105&#105&#97&#110 &#73&#115&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115&#59 and some of &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#115&#97&#109&#101 &#112&#111&#112&#117&#108&#97&#114 &#110&#97&#109&#101&#115 have also been used by visiting surfers from both New Zealand and &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#44 &#116&#111 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#99&#114&#111&#115&#99&#111&#112&#105&#99 characteristics &#111&#102 &#67&#111&#112&#101&#108&#97&#110&#100&#105&#97 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#115&#97&#109&#101 surfers visiting Hawaii's North Shore have &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100&#108&#121 &#105&#110&#103&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#112&#114&#105&#111&#114 to surfing, as do many of &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#98&#97&#115&#101&#100 &#115&#117&#114&#102&#101&#114&#115 in Australia and &#78&#90&#46 </p> <p>In addition, many early users of "magic mushrooms" in Australia may have first become aware of their mind-altering and visionary effects by reading the published literature or the many news items appearing in the popular Australian press during the late l960's and early l970's. These news items often described both accidental and deliberate intoxication's which resulted from the ingestion of several varieties of "magic mushrooms". For example, in 1972, one local newspaper report provided an account regarding the use of these mushrooms by young teenagers at a local high school in Brisbane: "...children at a suburban school are getting high on mushrooms called 'Gold Tops.' The mushrooms are common along the Brisbane River near Toowing High School, and children in search of `kicks' have been experimenting with them (Unsigned, 1972)." It would be very obvious to anyone who read this above mentioned news item, when it appeared in print, that those searching for hallucinogenic mushrooms would be able to find them if they so desired. There is yet another factor that may have played a significant role in promoting interest in the use of psychoactive mushrooms in Australia and NZ. Some drug users or mycophillic individuals may have read or heard of R. Gordon Wasson's personal account of his adventurous rediscovery of an hallucinogenic mushroom cult among the Mazatec Indians of Southern Mexico. Dr. Wasson reported the ceremonial use of certain mushrooms as divinatory substances among the Mazatecs and other native peoples in Oaxaca, Mexico (see Wasson, 1957). This journalistic report of Wasson's research expedition appeared in an international edition of Life Magazine in the late l950's, providing many drug users and others with the incentive to seek out, find, and eventually experiment with these mushrooms. xican mushroom species, so that these materials need not be repeated in this context. However, certain aspects concerning the more recent uses of these mushrooms as well as their conditions of growth will receive more detailed attention in later chapters. The main purpose of this book is to inspire further study of these mushrooms, particularly basic research efforts and medical applications of magic mushroom ingredients. The extensive bibliography will help scientists and other interested mycophiles to further immerse themselves in this complex area of study. Jochen Gartz Figure 6 - Bronze doors with mushroom motif entitled "Trial and Judgment" at Hildesheim Cathedral, Germany (ca. 1020). CHAPTER 2 REFLECTIONS ON THE HISTORY AND SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF MAGIC MUSHROOMS It is remarkable that cultures native to the American continent knew about a relatively large number of natural mind-altering substances compared to early cultures that evolved in Europe or Asia. Botanical evidence does not support the notion that Europe is home to fewer hallucinogenic plants than other regions. Furthermore, the growing number of recently discovered European mushroom species containing psilocybin indicate a flourishing psychotropic mycoflora in Europe similar to those found in other countries. It is unlikely that early European cultures learned less about local plants and mushrooms through usage and experience than cultures elsewhere in the world. Most likely, early cultural knowledge of European psychoactive plants and mushrooms was lost or destroyed at some time in history, probably as early as several hundred years ago. The discovery that the fly agaric mushroom (Amanita muscaria) was known for its psychoactive properties in Siberia invited the conclusion that this mushroom was used as a psychotropic agent in medieval Europe as well. In fact, there is very little evidence from the Middle Ages to indicate widespread knowledge of the effects of specific mushrooms on human consciousness. However, I believe that past reports on psychoactive mushrooms were causally linked to Amanita muscaria simply because this was the only known psychotropic mushroom in Europe at that time. While the usage of Amanita muscaria among Siberian tribes has generated reports of spectacular hallucinations, European accounts of fly agaric intoxications do not generally include descriptions of such intensely hallucinatory effects. Accordingly, the potent hallucinogenic effects of specific Psilocybes and related species are likely to have had a much more significant influence on early European cultures than the delirium-like visions induced by Amanita muscaria, a species that is also known to induce unconsciousness and severe somatic side effects. This hypothesis is corroborated by data from comprehensive field studies conducted in Mexico. I believe that historic accounts including those described below - indicate a knowledge of Mind-altering (psilocybine containing) mushrooms have been traditionally used in religious healing and curing ceremonies by native . For that reason, freeze-dried samples for &#98&#105&#111&#99&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97&#108&#13&#10&#97&#110&#97&#108&#121&#115&#105&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#115&#116&#111&#114&#101&#100 &#97&#116 -10°C &#112&#114&#105&#111&#114 &#116&#111 &#97&#108&#107&#97&#108&#111&#105&#100&#13&#10&#101&#120&#116&#114&#97&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#114 chromatography testing. &#73&#110 &#97&#100&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#115 from Finland, investigators in &#78&#111&#114&#116&#104&#13&#10&#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#110&#111&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 psilocybin's decay rate is slowest in &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#44 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 species.<br> (1) &#82 &#61 &#72&#50&#80&#48&#51&#13&#10&#40&#50&#41 &#82 &#61 H Figure 19 - &#83&#116&#114&#117&#99&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#117&#108&#97&#115 &#102&#111&#114&#13&#10&#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 &#40&#49&#41 and psilocin (2).<br> CH3 CH3 Psilocybe semilanceata Figure 20 &#45 &#68&#105&#115&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#112&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114&#110 &#111&#102 Psilocybe semilanceata in Germany and adjacent areas. Locations are indicated by black dots. CHAPTER 3.2 PSILOCYBE CYANESCENS - POTENT MUSHROOMS GROWING &#79&#78 &#87&#79&#79&#68 &#68&#69&#66&#82&#73&#83&#13&#10&#65&#116 &#108&#101&#97&#115&#116 one other Psilocybe <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/psilocybe+cubensis+identification.php" title="Psilocybe Cubensis Identification" alt="Psilocybe Cubensis Identification" >Psilocybe Cubensis Identification</a> species in addition to Psilocybe semilanceata is known to exist &#105&#110 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#46 &#65&#116 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#112&#111&#105&#110&#116&#44 I &#109&#117&#115&#116 &#101&#109&#112&#104&#97&#115&#105&#122&#101&#13&#10&#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116&#105&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 of single species &#119&#105&#116&#104&#105&#110&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#103&#101&#110&#117&#115 &#105&#115 subject to &#99&#111&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101&#114&#97&#98&#108&#101&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#116&#114&#111&#118&#101&#114&#115&#121 &#97&#109&#111&#110&#103 &#101&#109&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 &#116&#97&#120&#111&#110&#111&#109&#105&#115&#116&#115&#46 For example, there are different methods of distinguishing the Hypholoma &#103&#101&#110&#117&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#83&#116&#114&#111&#112&#104&#97&#114&#105&#97 &#103&#101&#110&#117&#115&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 Widespread &#68&#105&#115&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115&#13&#10&#87&#104&#105&#108&#101 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 semilanceata is a species that has &#108&#111&#110&#103 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#99&#108&#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#100&#101&#102&#105&#110&#101&#100 and is well known by this &#110&#97&#109&#101&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#114&#101&#44 &#97&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 to Krieglsteiner, other strongly bluing mushrooms that can be described &#97&#115 &#98&#101&#108&#111&#110&#103&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#34&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 cyanescens complex". &#84&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#97&#114&#101 &#97&#108&#108&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 grow &#111&#110 &#114&#97&#119 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#111&#115&#116 &#97&#110&#100 plant debris. In accordance &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#99&#117&#114&#114&#101&#110&#116 &#115&#116&#97&#116&#101&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#107&#110&#111&#119&#108&#101&#100&#103&#101&#44 the &#102&#111&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#110&#97&#109&#101&#115 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 literature are merely synonyms &#102&#111&#114 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115&#13&#10&#87&#97&#107&#101&#102&#105&#101&#108&#100 &#101&#109&#101&#110&#100&#46 Krieglsteiner: different &#104&#101&#114&#98&#97&#114&#105&#117&#109&#115&#46 &#72&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#105&#99&#114&#111&#115&#99&#111&#112&#105&#99&#13&#10&#100&#97&#116&#97 pertaining to the Psilocybe species are poorly delineated and oftentimes overlap.<br> It is therefore imperative that additional mycological studies of Psilocybe cyanescens be performed. &#84&#111 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#101&#110&#100&#44&#13&#10&#102&#114&#101&#115&#104 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 samples from various European locations should be used, &#97&#110&#100 &#98&#105&#111&#99&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#109&#101&#116&#104&#111&#100&#115&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#116 &#98&#101 included in the investigation.<br> &#71&#117&#122&#109&#97&#110&#39&#115&#13&#10&#100&#105&#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 by &#103&#101&#111&#103&#114&#97&#112&#104&#105&#99&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101&#97&#44 &#104&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 &#100&#101&#102&#105&#110&#105&#116&#101&#108&#121 &#116&#117&#114&#110&#101&#100 out to be inaccurate.<br> According to &#104&#105&#115 &#115&#121&#115&#116&#101&#109&#44 &#45&#78&#111&#114&#116&#104 &#65&#102&#114&#105&#99&#97&#13&#10&#119&#97&#115 home to &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#109&#97&#105&#114&#101&#105&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#108&#101 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 were found in &#69&#110&#103&#108&#97&#110&#100 &#97&#110&#100 &#72&#111&#108&#108&#97&#110&#100 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 serbica &#115&#117&#112&#112&#111&#115&#101&#100&#108&#121 &#103&#114&#101&#119 &#105&#110 &#83&#101&#114&#98&#105&#97 and Bohemia.<br> The geographic distribution of the &#101&#110&#116&#105&#114&#101&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#115&#101&#101&#109&#115 &#116&#111 &#99&#111&#118&#101&#114 a vast area, with variations along climate and terrain at &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#115&#97&#109&#112&#108&#101&#115&#13&#10&#119&#101&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#108&#108&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100&#46 Such disparate morphologies are to be expected &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#100&#101&#97&#108&#105&#110&#103 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#34&#121&#111&#117&#110&#103&#34 species, that &#105&#115&#44 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#104&#97&#118&#101 not yet firmly established themselves and are still expanding into new locations. Figure 7 &#40&#112&#46 &#49&#52&#41 &#100&#105&#115&#112&#108&#97&#121&#115 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 in Europe and North Africa where samples of Psilocybe cyanescens have &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100&#46&#13&#10&#45 &#72&#121&#112&#104&#111&#108&#111&#109&#97 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 R. Maire - &#72&#121&#112&#104&#111&#108&#111&#109&#97 &#99&#111&#112&#114&#105&#110&#105&#102&#97&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#40&#82&#111&#108&#108&#97&#110&#100 &#115&#115&#46&#13&#10&#72&#101&#114&#105&#110&#107&#41 Pouzar - &#71&#101&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#97 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#40&#82&#46 &#77&#97&#105&#114&#101&#41 Kuhner &#38&#13&#10&#82&#111&#109&#97&#103&#110&#101&#115&#105&#13&#10&#45 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#114&#98&#105&#99&#97 &#77&#111&#115&#101&#114 &#38 Horak - Psilocybe mairei Singer - Psilocyb More than half of Australia's beef cattle can be found in the coastal areas of Queensland <p align="right"> There are more than 1 &#100&#111&#122&#101&#110 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#34&#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/psilocybeserbicagrowingseason.php" title="Psilocybeserbicagrowingseason" alt="Psilocybeserbicagrowingseason" >Psilocybeserbicagrowingseason</a> mushrooms" in Australia &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#101&#119 &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100&#46 &#70&#111&#117&#114 of these species &#97&#114&#101 &#100&#117&#110&#103 &#40&#109&#97&#110&#117&#114&#101&#41 &#105&#110&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 mushrooms. They include Psilocybe cubensis and/or Psilocybe subcubensis &#40&#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#97&#115 &#34&#103&#111&#108&#100 caps" &#97&#110&#100&#47&#111&#114 &#34&#103&#111&#108&#100 &#116&#111&#112&#115&#34&#41&#44 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 subaeruginosa, and Copelandia cyanescens (the latter is known locally as "blue meanies").<br> These four species contain the mind altering alkaloids psilocybine and psilocine &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#111&#115&#116 common hallucinogenic mushrooms in Australia. &#73&#110 &#78&#101&#119 &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#116&#104&#101 most commonly used species are Copelandia &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#44 the latter species is recognized throughout the world as the "liberty cap"). &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#110&#108&#121 &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114&#115 in manured soil and &#100&#111&#101&#115 &#110&#111&#116 &#103&#114&#111&#119 &#100&#105&#114&#101&#99&#116&#108&#121 &#102&#114&#111&#109 the dung of cattle, sheep or other four legged farm animals.<br> Psilocybe cubensis the most popular of these species, is &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#104&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#111&#117&#116 &#109&#117&#99&#104 of the world; however, this &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#105&#115 &#110&#111&#116 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 to occur in &#78&#101&#119 &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100&#46 &#79&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 described in this guide are known to occur in manured soil, in pastures, meadows, grazing lands, some lawns and &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#97&#114&#107 &#109&#117&#108&#99&#104 and woodchips of <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/history+of+shrooms.php" title="History Of Shrooms" alt="History Of Shrooms" >History Of Shrooms</a> deciduous woods. </p> e creek on wood chips of Carpinus, Alnus and Salix, on raw compost mixtures of Picea, Pinus and Larix needles, as Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Figure 21 - Fruiting curve of Psilocybe cyanescens based on observations at several locations in the former Czechoslovakia. The mycelia make use of different kinds of plant debris and even grow on wet cardboard, where they develop into rhizomorphs just like they would in nature. Rhizomorphs are thick strands of mycelia that serve to transport nutrients and water. They also develop intense blue stains (see Figure 22). Figure 23 Distribution pattern of Psilocybe cyanescens in Germany and adjacent areas (according to Krieglsteiner). Locations are indicated by black dots. Figure 22 Psilocybe bohemica rhizomorphs growing on wet cardboard. Figure 24 - Psilocybe cyanescens at a natural location (USA). Figure 25 - Psilocybe bohemica on twigs and leaves. Impressive Experiences Psilocybe bohemica is a very psychoactive species. Its effects are vividly documented in the following account of one natural scientist's experience as part of controlled clinical trials in Prague: About 30 mg of psilocybin in mushroom tissue was prepared in hot water, with effects already noticeable ten minutes after ingestion. I grew increasingly quiet. At first, my legs began to tingle, then my underarms as well. Aside from a deeper breathing rhythm, few other somatic effects were noted. Initially there were fits of laughter caused by unusual cognitive associations; this laughter also affected the two "sober" guides. A growing hyperacuity interfered with the ability to listen to music, so that Vivaldi's "Springtime" caused painful stabs inside the brain. I compared the pain to that caused by a "sawing knife". The experimenters appeared bloated and yellow... Existing bodily characteristics, such as thinning hair stimulated a person's illusionary transformation into a monk with tonsure. Their voices also appeared reverent and, from a somewhat paranoid point of view, these gentlemen at times seemed to be working a switching station that, for some reasons, was my enemy. At the same time, I found both of them to be quite likeable. During this time period, the other female subject perceived fantastic images of moving colors and saw visions of her whole life unfolding behind closed eyes. During this period, I had the distinct impression that an electrical current was flowing through my body, which was not an uncomfortable sensation. About three hours later, the gentlemen retired to the kitchen and the nature of the experience changed quite drastically. At first I felt as if my legs were increasingly merging into the wall, a very comfortable experience. In a state of utter clarity of consciousness, I finally felt as if I had no body at all. I said. "The most descriptive expression is the experience of a pure soul". Using words as triggers, we were able to induce shared experiences o </p> </div> <div id="footer"> <div class="left"> <a href="/Forum.html" class="doNotPrint">Articles</a><br /> <a href="/Forum.html" class="doNotPrint">Forum</a> </div> <br class="doNotDisplay doNotPrint" /> <div class="right"> copyright © 2006 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/Psilocybe+in+germany.php" title="Psilocybe In Germany" alt="Psilocybe In Germany" >Psilocybe In Germany</a><br /> design by <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/gold+tops+mushrooms/magic+mushroom+season+in+new+zealand.php" title="Tops Gold Zealand Magic Zealand Mushrooms Mushrooms In Tops" alt="Tops Gold Zealand Magic Zealand Mushrooms Mushrooms In Tops" >Tops Gold Zealand Magic Zealand Mushrooms Mushrooms In Tops</a> </div></div> </body>