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mushrooms have been traditionally used in religious healing and curing ceremonies by native More &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#104&#97&#108&#102 &#111&#102 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#39&#115 &#98&#101&#101&#102 cattle <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magic+mushrooms+spores.php" title="Magic Mushrooms Spores" alt="Magic Mushrooms Spores" >Magic Mushrooms Spores</a> can be found in the coastal areas of Queensland and New South &#87&#97&#108&#101&#115&#59 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#50&#48 to 30 inch &#40&#53&#48&#48&#45&#55&#53&#48&#109&#109&#41 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/psilocybe+caerulipes+maryland.php" title="Psilocybe Caerulipes Maryland" alt="Psilocybe Caerulipes Maryland" >Psilocybe Caerulipes Maryland</a> &#114&#97&#105&#110&#102&#97&#108&#108 &#98&#101&#108&#116 &#111&#102 Queensland, New &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104 &#87&#97&#108&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#111&#114&#116&#104&#101&#114&#110 Victoria, generally provide &#97&#100&#101&#113&#117&#97&#116&#101 &#99&#108&#105&#109&#97&#116&#105&#99 &#101&#110&#118&#105&#114&#111&#110&#109&#101&#110&#116&#115 &#102&#111&#114 the &#103&#114&#111&#119&#116&#104 &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#97&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#44 especially after heavy rains. It &#104&#97&#115 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#115&#117&#103&#103&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 "Psilocybe cubensis was introduced into Australia &#97&#99&#99&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#98&#121 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#115&#101&#116&#116&#108&#101&#114&#115 along with their livestock." This &#115&#97&#109&#101 &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101 &#100&#105&#115&#112&#101&#114&#115&#97&#108 &#109&#101&#99&#104&#97&#110&#105&#115&#109 &#97&#108&#115&#111 probably applies to Copelandia cyanescens, Panaeolus &#115&#117&#98&#98&#97&#108&#116&#101&#97&#116&#117&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#97&#100&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 species known &#116&#111 &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114 &#105&#110 &#111&#114 around &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#117&#110&#103 &#111&#102 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 ruminants. This includes &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 non-hallucinogenic "haymaker's" mushroom Panaeolina foenisecii. While cattle are &#114&#97&#105&#115&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#97&#108&#108 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110 states, &#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#97&#115 &#105&#110 the central lowlands, recreational users have been known to export these psychoptic species to various areas in Australia &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#121 were &#99&#111&#108&#108&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100&#46 &#73&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#97&#115&#101 of New Zealand, hereafter referred to as NZ, cattle &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#114&#105&#109&#97&#114&#121 &#115&#111&#117&#114&#99&#101 for Copelandia &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115&#44 &#98&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#34&#108&#105&#98&#101&#114&#116&#121 cap" mushroom Psilocybe <b>Magic Mushroom Identification</b> semilanceata only grows in the manured soil &#111&#102 &#102&#111&#117&#114&#45&#108&#101&#103&#103&#101&#100 &#114&#117&#109&#105&#110&#97&#110&#116&#115 &#97&#110&#100 not &#100&#105&#114&#101&#99&#116&#108&#121 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#109&#97&#110&#117&#114&#101 &#40&#74&#97&#110&#115&#101&#110&#44 Pers. Comm., 1988). &#84&#104&#101 &#105&#100&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#115&#101&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 this guide &#100&#111&#99&#117&#109&#101&#110&#116&#115 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#102&#111&#114 &#109&#111&#114&#101 than &#49 &#100&#111&#122&#101&#110 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#102 psilocybian mushrooms in Australia &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#90 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#109&#111&#115&#116 likely &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#117&#115&#101&#100 &#97&#116 one &#116&#105&#109&#101 &#111&#114 &#97&#110&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#102&#111&#114 recreational purposes.<br> <p align="right"> Existing evidence indicates that man in the Old World —Europe, &#65&#115&#105&#97&#44 &#65&#102&#114&#105&#99&#97&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#8212&#104&#97&#115 made less use of native plants &#97&#110&#100 &#115&#104&#114&#117&#98&#115 &#102&#111&#114 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 hallucinogenic properties than &#104&#97&#115 &#109&#97&#110 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 New World. There is little reason to believe that the vegetation of one half of the globe is poorer &#111&#114 &#114&#105&#99&#104&#101&#114 &#105&#110 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 with hallucinogenic properties than the other half. Why, then, should there be such disparity? Has man in &#116&#104&#101 &#79&#108&#100 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100 &#115&#105&#109&#112&#108&#121 not discovered many of the native hallucinogenic plants? Are some of them too toxic in other ways &#116&#111 &#98&#101 &#117&#116&#105&#108&#105&#122&#101&#100&#63 &#79&#114 has man &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#79&#108&#100 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100 been culturally less &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#110&#97&#114&#99&#111&#116&#105&#99&#115&#63 &#87&#101 have no real &#97&#110&#115&#119&#101&#114&#46 &#66&#117&#116 &#119&#101 &#100&#111 know &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#79&#108&#100 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100 has fewer known species employed &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#100&#111&#101&#115 &#116&#104&#101 New World: &#99&#111&#109&#112&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#111&#110&#108&#121 &#49&#53 or 20 species used in the Eastern &#72&#101&#109&#105&#115&#112&#104&#101&#114&#101&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#117&#115&#101&#100 hallucinogenically &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#87&#101&#115&#116&#101&#114&#110 &#72&#101&#109&#105&#115&#112&#104&#101&#114&#101 number more than 100! Yet &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#79&#108&#100 World hallucinogens today hold places of primacy throughout the world. Cannabis, undoubtedly the &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100 &#111&#102 &#97&#108&#108 the hallucinogens, is perhaps the best example. The several solanaceous ingredients of medieval witches' &#98&#114&#101&#119&#115&#8212&#104&#101&#110&#98&#97&#110&#101&#44 &#110&#105&#103&#104&#116&#115&#104&#97&#100&#101&#44 &#98&#101&#108&#108&#97&#100&#111&#110&#110&#97&#44 &#97&#110&#100 mandrake—greatly influenced &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 &#112&#104&#105&#108&#111&#115&#111&#112&#104&#121&#44 &#109&#101&#100&#105&#99&#105&#110&#101&#44 &#97&#110&#100 even history for &#109&#97&#110&#121 &#121&#101&#97&#114&#115&#46 &#83&#111&#109&#101 &#112&#108&#97&#121&#101&#100 an extraordinarily vital religious role in the early &#65&#114&#121&#97&#110 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#110&#111&#114&#116&#104&#101&#114&#110 India. The role &#111&#102 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#115 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 cultural and social &#100&#101&#118&#101&#108&#111&#112&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#111&#102 &#109&#97&#110&#121 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 Old World is only now being investigated. At &#101&#118&#101&#114&#121 &#116&#117&#114&#110&#44 &#105&#116&#115 &#101&#120&#116&#101 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/geralddeason.php" title="Geralddeason" alt="Geralddeason" >Geralddeason</a> </p> Those who ingest Copelandia cyanescens, known in &#84&#104&#101&#114&#101 <i>shrooms shrooms</i> &#97&#114&#101 &#109&#111&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#110 1 dozen species <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/myspace+contact+tables+waves+ocean/pictures+of+every+type+of+magic+mushrooms.php" title="Ocean Myspace Myspace Pictures Tables Tables Every Of Type Magic Tables Magic" alt="Ocean Myspace Myspace Pictures Tables Tables Every Of Type Magic Tables Magic" >Ocean Myspace Myspace Pictures Tables Tables Every Of Type Magic Tables Magic</a> <u>shrooms shrooms</u> <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/myspacescotlandcontacttable.php" title="Myspacescotlandcontacttable" alt="Myspacescotlandcontacttable" >Myspacescotlandcontacttable</a> of "magic mushrooms" &#105&#110 <i>shrooms shrooms</i> <i>shrooms shrooms</i> &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#101&#119 More than half of Australia's beef cattle can be found in the coastal areas of Queensland and New South Wales; and the 20 to 30 inch (500-750mm) rainfall belt of Queensland, New South Wales and Northern Victoria, generally provide adequate climatic environments for the growth of psilocybian mushrooms, especially after heavy rains. It has been suggested that "Psilocybe cubensis was introduced into Australia accidentally by early settlers along with their livestock." This same spore dispersal mechanism also probably applies to Copelandia cyanescens, Panaeolus subbalteatus and several additional species known to occur in or around the dung of other ruminants. This includes Psilocybe semilanceata and the non-hallucinogenic "haymaker's" mushroom Panaeolina foenisecii. While cattle are raised in all Australian states, as well as in the central lowlands, recreational users have been known to export these psychoptic species to various areas in Australia from areas where they were collected. In the case of New Zealand, hereafter referred to as NZ, cattle are the primary source for Copelandia cyanescens, but the "liberty cap" mushroom Psilocybe semilanceata only grows in the manured soil of four-legged ruminants and not directly from manure (Jansen, Pers. Comm., 1988). The identification section of this guide documents reported locations for more than 1 dozen species of psilocybian mushrooms in Australia and NZ which most likely have been used at one time or another for recreational purposes. <H1>Magic Spores Mushrooms</H1> <p align="center"> Dosages for <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/gymnopilus+luteofolius.php" title="Gymnopilus Luteofolius" alt="Gymnopilus Luteofolius" >Gymnopilus Luteofolius</a> Psilocybe australiana Guzmán & Watling, Psilocybe &#101&#117&#99&#97&#108&#121&#112&#116&#97 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/portabella+mushroom+recipe/pine+mushroom.php" title="Portabella Mushroom Recipe Pine Mushroom" alt="Portabella Mushroom Recipe Pine Mushroom" >Portabella Mushroom Recipe Pine Mushroom</a> &#71&#117&#122&#109&#225&#110 &#38 </p> There are more than 1 dozen species of &#34&#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#34 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 and New Zealand. Four of these species are dung (manure) inhabiting mushrooms.<br> They include Psilocybe cubensis and/or Psilocybe subcubensis &#40&#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#97&#115 &#34&#103&#111&#108&#100 caps" and/or "gold tops"), Psilocybe subaeruginosa, &#97&#110&#100 &#67&#111&#112&#101&#108&#97&#110&#100&#105&#97 <b>Psilocybe in germany</b> &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#40&#116&#104&#101 latter is known locally as "blue meanies"). These four species contain the mind altering alkaloids psilocybine and psilocine and &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110 hallucinogenic &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#46 &#73&#110 New Zealand, the most commonly used species are Copelandia cyanescens and Psilocybe &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 is recognized throughout the &#119&#111&#114&#108&#100 &#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#34&#108&#105&#98&#101&#114&#116&#121 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/shiitake+mushroom/magic+mushroom+side+effects.php" title="Shiitake Mushroom Magic Mushroom Side Effects" alt="Shiitake Mushroom Magic Mushroom Side Effects" >Shiitake Mushroom Magic Mushroom Side Effects</a> cap"). This &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#110&#108&#121 &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114&#115 &#105&#110 manured soil and &#100&#111&#101&#115 &#110&#111&#116 &#103&#114&#111&#119 &#100&#105&#114&#101&#99&#116&#108&#121 from &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#117&#110&#103 &#111&#102 &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101&#44 sheep &#111&#114 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#102&#111&#117&#114 &#108&#101&#103&#103&#101&#100 farm &#97&#110&#105&#109&#97&#108&#115&#46 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#116&#104&#101 most popular of these <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/semilanceataspores.php" title="Semilanceataspores" alt="Semilanceataspores" >Semilanceataspores</a> species, is <H1>Blue Shrooms Stains</H1> well known &#116&#104&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#111&#117&#116 &#109&#117&#99&#104 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 world; however, this species is &#110&#111&#116 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111 &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114 in New Zealand.<br> Other species described &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#103&#117&#105&#100&#101 &#97&#114&#101 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111 occur in &#109&#97&#110&#117&#114&#101&#100 &#115&#111&#105&#108&#44 &#105&#110 &#112&#97&#115&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115&#44 &#109&#101&#97&#100&#111&#119&#115&#44 grazing lands, some lawns and &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#97&#114&#107 &#109&#117&#108&#99&#104 &#97&#110&#100 woodchips of deciduous woods. ecialize in &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#117&#100&#121 &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#115&#44&#13&#10&#100&#101&#115&#112&#105&#116&#101 the fact that Psilocybe semilanceata is the most common and conspicuous species among the Psilocybes. &#65&#108&#115&#111&#44 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#108&#111&#118&#101&#114&#115 &#119&#104&#111&#115&#101&#13&#10&#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#101&#115&#116&#115 are not purely scientific (see Chapter 7.<br>4) do not usually preserve &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#108&#101&#100&#103&#101 &#102&#111&#114&#13&#10&#112&#111&#115&#116&#101&#114&#105&#116&#121 &#105&#110 the &#102&#111&#114&#109 &#111&#102 &#100&#105&#115&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#109&#97&#112&#115&#46&#13&#10&#72&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 there is one &#109&#97&#112 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#49&#57&#56&#54&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104&#13&#10&#115&#104&#111&#119&#115 &#116&#104&#101 distribution &#112&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114&#110 &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#97&#99&#114&#111&#115&#115 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121 (see Figure 20, p. 28). Almost &#110&#111 &#112&#117&#98&#108&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#102&#111&#114&#109&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#115 available about &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 have been found in eastern Germany.<br> &#68&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#109&#121 &#111&#119&#110&#13&#10&#102&#105&#101&#108&#100 &#116&#114&#105&#112&#115&#44 I have discovered Psilocybe semilanceata specimens in various locations, such as near my hometown &#111&#102 &#77&#97&#110&#115&#102&#101&#108&#100 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 Vorharz Mountains, in the &#109&#97&#114&#115&#104&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115 &#111&#102 &#68&#117&#98&#101&#110 &#97&#115 well as in other eastern German marshland areas. In addition, friends who are also mycologists have told me &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#102&#105&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 in other parts of the country.<br> A book published in 1952 is among the rare sources that includes details about specimens discovered &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#111&#117&#116&#104&#101&#97&#115&#116&#101&#114&#110 &#115&#116&#97&#116&#101 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#83&#97&#120&#111&#110&#121 (see Figure 16, p. 23). The Psilocybe species grow most abundantly on wet pastures surrounded by forest areas.<br> &#73&#110 &#109&#121 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#44 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 semilanceata grows in most of Germany's forestlands. &#84&#104&#101&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116&#115 &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#97&#108&#108&#44 &#102&#114&#111&#109 late September through October.<br> It favors acidic soil &#97&#110&#100 &#103&#114&#97&#115&#115&#121&#13&#10&#116&#101&#114&#114&#97&#105&#110 &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103&#115&#105&#100&#101 &#116&#114&#97&#105&#108&#115 or around &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#100&#103&#101&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#102&#111&#114&#101&#115&#116 &#108&#97&#110&#100&#115&#46 Specimens &#97&#114&#101 &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#99&#108&#117&#115&#116&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#115&#109&#97&#108&#108 groups of 30 mushrooms or less. Deer droppings or other animal feces are usually present at &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#44 &#101&#118&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#111&#117&#103&#104 the mushrooms never grow directly on top of dung. Occasionally, &#101&#120&#116&#114&#101&#109&#101&#108&#121 &#115&#116&#117&#110&#116&#101&#100 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#109&#101&#110&#115 &#109&#97&#121&#13&#10&#98&#101 found in the mountains by the side of the &#114&#111&#97&#100&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#115&#111&#105&#108 &#98&#101&#108&#111&#119 &#111&#108&#100&#101&#114 cow pastures provides an excellent &#109&#101&#100&#105&#117&#109 &#102&#111&#114 &#101&#120&#116&#101&#110&#115&#105&#118&#101 &#109&#121&#99&#101&#108&#105&#97&#108&#13&#10&#103&#114&#111&#119&#116&#104&#46 In some locations, large &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#121&#105&#101&#108&#100 &#97&#110&#13&#10&#97&#98&#117&#110&#100&#97&#110&#99&#101 &#111&#102 &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 bodies, mirroring the extent of mycelial &#115&#97&#116&#117&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#111&#105&#108&#46 Given adequate moisture, maximum yields &#99&#97&#110 &#98&#101 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100&#44 &#105&#102 the pasture was grazed at &#108&#101&#97&#115&#116 &#111&#110&#99&#101 &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 weeks before fruiting season. However, the mushrooms also &#116&#104&#114&#105&#118&#101 &#117&#110&#100&#101&#114 &#115&#105&#109&#105&#108&#97&#114 &#99&#111&#110&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 on &#104&#111&#114&#115&#101 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#115&#104&#101&#101&#112 &#112&#97&#115&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115&#46 &#83&#117&#99&#104 grassy &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#105&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101 &#102&#111&#114&#101&#115&#116&#115&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101 &#117&#115&#117&#97&#108&#108&#121 grazing areas for deer, who provide the soil with additional fertilization. However, Psilocybe semilanceata &#100&#111&#101&#115 &#110&#111&#116 &#103&#114&#111&#119 &#105&#110 locations where artificial fertilizer has been used. Such pastures are often &#102&#108&#97&#110&#107&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#99&#114&#101&#101&#107&#115 &#111&#114 swamp lands, which saturate the soil &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#119&#97&#116&#101&#114&#46 &#68&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#115&#117&#109&#109&#101&#114&#116&#105&#109&#101&#44 the &#119&#97&#114&#109 &#99&#108&#105&#109&#97&#116&#101 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#119&#101&#116 areas provides &#97&#110 &#101&#120&#99&#101&#108&#108&#101&#110&#116 &#101&#110&#118&#105&#114&#111&#110&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#102&#111&#114 &#111&#112&#116&#105&#109&#97&#108&#13&#10&#109&#121&#99&#101&#108&#105&#97&#108 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#116&#104&#46 In Germany, the mushroom's habitat ranges from the coastal &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#109&#111&#117&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110&#111&#117&#115 &#114&#101&#103&#105&#111&#110&#115&#44 &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101 the species &#104&#97&#115 &#98&#101&#101&#110&#13&#10&#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/Can+I+order+a+psilocybin+mushroom+kit+in+tx.php" title="Can I Order A Psilocybin Mushroom Kit In Tx" alt="Can I Order A Psilocybin Mushroom Kit In Tx" >Can I Order A Psilocybin Mushroom Kit In Tx</a> &#97&#116 &#97&#108&#116&#105&#116&#117&#100&#101&#115 of up &#116&#111 &#49&#44&#55&#50&#48 &#109 &#40&#53&#44&#49&#54&#48 ft) above sea level (MTB-8443, 1985).<br> In the &#102&#111&#114&#109&#101&#114&#13&#10&#67&#122&#101&#99&#104&#111&#115&#108&#111&#118&#97&#107&#105&#97&#44 &#115&#97&#109&#112&#108&#101&#115 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 collected at altitudes ranging from 330 to 1,000 m (1,000 - , and who gorge themselves on our tax dollars. I met Jochen Gartz shortly after the fall of the Berlin Wall at the third symposium of the European College for the Study of Consciousness (ECSC) in Freiburg, Germany. Our encounter was my first contact with a researcher from the former East Germany. Jochen Gartz's enthusiastic lecture was a truly consciousnessexpanding event, his words breaking down traditional borders and crossing over into new territory. The magic mushrooms spoke through him - with no trace of dogma or ideology - in the tradition of true anarchy that is the hallmark of mushroom magic. What I heard was unbelievable. Jochen spoke of a "new" psychedelic mushroom and its migration. The mycelia had spread in concentric circles outward from Leipzig, jumping all political borders. Finally, when the mycelia reached West German soil, the hated Berlin Wall crumbled. Could there possibly be a connection between the evolution of the magic mushroom and the evolution of our consciousness? Could a mushroom have contributed to the resolution of our political conflicts? In the past, politicians, even popes, had their own jesters and magicians, who functioned as pressure release valves in the machinations of political power struggles. It is obvious that a country whose chancellor is being pelted with eggs, urgently needs a new breed of magician who are able to readjust reality. But today, no aspiring magician should go about this task without this book as a guide for the wondrous journey into the realm of magic mushrooms. Christian Rdtsch Figure 5 - "Anthropomorphic Beings Engaged in Mushroom Dance" 10,000-year-old rock drawing in Tassili, Sahara (Algeria) CHAPTER 1 I BELIEVE THE TIME HAS COME FOR A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF NEW FINDINGS FROM THE FIELDS OF MYCOLOGY, TAXONOMY AND NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY When R.G. Wasson, R. Heim and A. Hofmann began their interdisciplinary research program to study the Mexican species of mushrooms and their usage in Mexican mushroom cults, their efforts culminated in a 1958 landmark report that described the isolation, molecular structure and synthesis of the mushrooms' active ingredients: psilocybin and psilocin. Several years later, these substances were also identified in a species of mushroom in Europe, Psilocybe semilanceata, which became the first in a series of newly discovered species. Since then, psychoactive mushrooms from other genera have been reported with increasing frequency. As part of my analytical work dedicated to the identification of naturally occurring chemicals, I had the good fortune to be part of a research team that studied alkaloids found in a variety of mushroom species. Now I believe the time has come for a comprehensive review of new findings from the fields of mycology, taxonomy and natural products chemistry. Wasson and his successors have already provided detailed accounts pertaining to the history and study of the Me Most users of the psychoactive visionary mushrooms have very little knowledge of their scientific names. Instead, they have given their favorite species local epithets which are commonly used by those who collect and ingest them. Some of these popular names are also known and applied by users outside of Australia and NZ. "Magic Mushrooms" is the most common term applied to any mushroom which contains psilocybine and/or psilocine. It was invented by a Life Magazine editor in l957 ( see Wasson, l957). Psilocybe cubensis is known in Australia as "golden tops", "gold tops" or sometimes "gold caps." The Australian epithets may have been given to this species by members of a local, drugusing group of surfers which frequented the Gold Coast region of Eastern Australia; however, some of these names have apparently been used to describe several different species of Psilocybe by users in Australia (see Allen, 1997). As mentioned above, Psilocybe cubensis is not known to occur in New Zealand. Those who ingest Copelandia cyanescens, known in Australia and New Zealand as "blue meanies", also refer to this species as "Blue Legs", "golden tops" or "gold caps". The latter two nicknames, as well as "dimple tops" and "cone heads", are common terms applied to Copelandia cyanescens in the Hawaiian Islands; and some of these same popular names have also been used by visiting surfers from both New Zealand and Australia, to describe the macroscopic characteristics of Copelandia cyanescens. These same surfers visiting Hawaii's North Shore have reportedly ingested mushrooms prior to surfing, as do many of the locally based surfers in Australia and NZ. <div align="right"> Existing evidence &#105&#110&#100&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#109&#97&#110 &#105&#110 the Old &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100 &#8212&#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#44 &#65&#115&#105&#97&#44 &#65&#102&#114&#105&#99&#97&#44 and Australia—has &#109&#97&#100&#101 &#108&#101&#115&#115 &#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 native plants and shrubs for their &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99 &#112&#114&#111&#112&#101&#114&#116&#105&#101&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#104&#97&#115 man in the New World. There is little reason to believe that the vegetation &#111&#102 &#111&#110&#101 &#104&#97&#108&#102 &#111&#102 the globe is poorer or richer &#105&#110 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99 properties &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#104&#97&#108&#102&#46 Why, &#116&#104&#101&#110&#44 &#115&#104&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#98&#101 such disparity? Has <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/psilocybecaerulipes.php" title="Psilocybecaerulipes" alt="Psilocybecaerulipes" >Psilocybecaerulipes</a> man in the Old World &#115&#105&#109&#112&#108&#121 &#110&#111&#116 &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#109&#97&#110&#121 of &#116&#104&#101 &#110&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99 &#112&#108&#97&#110&#116&#115&#63 Are some of them too toxic in &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#119&#97&#121&#115 &#116&#111 &#98&#101 &#117&#116&#105&#108&#105&#122&#101&#100&#63 <u>picking picking</u> &#79&#114 has man in &#116&#104&#101 &#79&#108&#100 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#108&#101&#115&#115 interested in narcotics? We have no real answer. But we do &#107&#110&#111&#119 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#79&#108&#100 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/psilocybecaerulipesmaryland.php" title="Psilocybecaerulipesmaryland" alt="Psilocybecaerulipesmaryland" >Psilocybecaerulipesmaryland</a> World has fewer known &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#101&#109&#112&#108&#111&#121&#101&#100 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#97&#110 does &#116&#104&#101 &#78&#101&#119 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100&#58 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#97&#114&#101&#100 with only 15 or 20 species used in the Eastern Hemisphere, the species used hallucinogenically in the Western Hemisphere number more than 100! Yet some &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#79&#108&#100 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100 hallucinogens today hold &#112&#108&#97&#99&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#112&#114&#105&#109&#97&#99&#121 &#116&#104&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#111&#117&#116 the world. Cannabis, undoubtedly the most widespread of all the hallucinogens, is perhaps the best &#101&#120&#97&#109&#112&#108&#101&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#115&#111&#108&#97&#110&#97&#99&#101&#111&#117&#115 ingredients &#111&#102 &#109&#101&#100&#105&#101&#118&#97&#108 &#119&#105&#116&#99&#104&#101&#115&#39 &#98&#114&#101&#119&#115&#8212&#104&#101&#110&#98&#97&#110&#101&#44 nightshade, belladonna, &#97&#110&#100 &#109&#97&#110&#100&#114&#97&#107&#101&#8212&#103&#114&#101&#97&#116&#108&#121 &#105&#110&#102&#108&#117&#101&#110&#99&#101&#100 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 philosophy, medicine, and even history for &#109&#97&#110&#121 &#121&#101&#97&#114&#115&#46 &#83&#111&#109&#101 &#112&#108&#97&#121&#101&#100 an extraordinarily vital religious role in the early &#65&#114&#121&#97&#110 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#110&#111&#114&#116&#104&#101&#114&#110 &#73&#110&#100&#105&#97&#46 &#84&#104&#101 role of hallucinogens in the cultural and &#115&#111&#99&#105&#97&#108 &#100&#101&#118&#101&#108&#111&#112&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#111&#102 &#109&#97&#110&#121 areas of the Old World is only now being investigated.<br> At every turn, its exte </div> Mind-altering (psilocybine containing) mushrooms have been traditionally used in religious healing and curing ceremonies by native a have been reported from the following countries: Finland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, The Netherlands, Belgium, France, Russia, Poland, the former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Scotland, England, Wales, Italy and Spain. Unfortunately, there are no comprehensive maps detailing the species's distribution pattern. Traditionally, mycologists have often neglected relatively tiny species, such as Psilocybe semilanceata, that tend to share their habitats with other, more prominent species. The sarcastic phrase "The mushrooms occur in abundance wherever mycologists abound" is particularly pertinent in reference to the Psilocybe species. Prior to the discovery of psilocybin, the Psilocybe genus languished in the literature, shrouded in obscurity. To this day, few 189. Psilocybe semilanceata Fr. Worthless] The cap is uniformly conic to bell-shaped, with a pointy or obtuse center forming an almost wart-like protrusion; initially, caps are often taller than they are wide, margins are bent and curved inward; later on, width of cap is 1.5-4 cm. Hygrophanous; coloration is a dirtyish olive-brown when wet, with translucent striate margins; at the center, coloration is ocher or greenish-yellow against an overall shade of smudgy pale yellow and oftentimes some greenish stains; only the margins are banded by a darkcolored, watery stripe around the edge. No stripes or banding evident when mushrooms are completely dried. Lacking a veil, caps are thin-fleshed, bald, with an easily separable pellicle that remains gelatinous-sticky for a long time, turning shiny when dry. Gills are olive brown to blackish purple brown in color, with the edges often remaining white, gill spacing is quite crowded; gill attachment is either roughly linear or mostly adnexed; up to 3.5 mm wide; attached at the stem only, fully detached later on. Spores are elongated to ellipitical in shape, smooth and large, measuring 12-16 u by 6-8,u. Color of spore dust is blackish purple brown. Stem is very slender, almost uniformly thin and always twisted, 6-12 cm long and 1.25-2 mm thick, yellowish or whitish in color; areas subjected to pressure develop bluishgreen stains. Stems are silky smooth and roughly at the center, cortinate fibrils appear like remnants of a veil, which is brittle and lined with a white fibrous cord of wool-like texture. When dry, the flesh of the cap is colored pale yellow, while the stem's flesh is ocher brown in color, especially towards the bottom. It is odorless and its flavor is mild. The mushroom grows from August to October, frequently in gregarious clusters, and can be found in pastures and along roadways, growing on dung that has undergone complete decomposition. It is not a particularly rare species. Figure 11(above) This excellent description of Psilocybe semilanceata by Michael & Schulz (1927) is shown here as originally published in German, with an English translation. Mycologists sp Those who ingest Copelandia cyanescens, known in , and who gorge themselves on our tax dollars. I met Jochen Gartz shortly after the fall of the Berlin Wall at the third symposium of the European College for the Study of Consciousness (ECSC) in Freiburg, Germany. Our encounter was my first contact with a researcher from the former East Germany. Jochen Gartz's enthusiastic lecture was a truly consciousnessexpanding event, his words breaking down traditional borders and crossing over into new territory. The magic mushrooms spoke through him - with no trace of dogma or ideology - in the tradition of true anarchy that is the hallmark of mushroom magic. What I heard was unbelievable. Jochen spoke of a "new" psychedelic mushroom and its migration. The mycelia had spread in concentric circles outward from Leipzig, jumping all political borders. Finally, when the mycelia reached West German soil, the hated Berlin Wall crumbled. Could there possibly be a connection between the evolution of the magic mushroom and the evolution of our consciousness? Could a mushroom have contributed to the resolution of our political conflicts? In the past, politicians, even popes, had their own jesters and magicians, who functioned as pressure release valves in the machinations of political power struggles. It is obvious that a country whose chancellor is being pelted with eggs, urgently needs a new breed of magician who are able to readjust reality. But today, no aspiring magician should go about this task without this book as a guide for the wondrous journey into the realm of magic mushrooms. Christian Rdtsch Figure 5 - "Anthropomorphic Beings Engaged in Mushroom Dance" 10,000-year-old rock drawing in Tassili, Sahara (Algeria) CHAPTER 1 I BELIEVE THE TIME HAS COME FOR A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF NEW FINDINGS FROM THE FIELDS OF MYCOLOGY, TAXONOMY AND NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY When R.G. Wasson, R. Heim and A. Hofmann began their interdisciplinary research program to study the Mexican species of mushrooms and their usage in Mexican mushroom cults, their efforts culminated in a 1958 landmark report that described the isolation, molecular structure and synthesis of the mushrooms' active ingredients: psilocybin and psilocin. Several years later, these substances were also identified in a species of mushroom in Europe, Psilocybe semilanceata, which became the first in a series of newly discovered species. Since then, psychoactive mushrooms from other genera have been reported with increasing frequency. As part of my analytical work dedicated to the identification of naturally occurring chemicals, I had the good fortune to be part of a research team that studied alkaloids found in a variety of mushroom species. Now I believe the time has come for a comprehensive review of new findings from the fields of mycology, taxonomy and natural products chemistry. Wasson and his successors have already provided detailed accounts pertaining to the history and study of the Me ed and large numbers of studies &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#110&#100&#117&#99&#116&#101&#100&#44&#13&#10&#112&#114&#105&#109&#97&#114&#105&#108&#121 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#76&#83&#68&#46 These investigators sought to discover the receptor binding sites for hallucinogenic compounds &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#114&#97&#105&#110 &#97&#110&#100 to understand the mechanisms underlying the genesis of psychedelic visions. Today, we still lack a sound theoretical framework able to explain &#116&#104&#101 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#104&#105&#112 &#98&#101&#116&#119&#101&#101&#110 &#99&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97&#108&#13&#10&#99&#111&#109&#112&#111&#117&#110&#100&#115 &#97&#110&#100 the manifestation of their psychoactivity. &#69&#118&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#111&#117&#103&#104 &#98&#97&#115&#105&#99 &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104 is certainly important, its methods, unfortunately, &#97&#114&#101&#13&#10&#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#97 &#102&#117&#110&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 a rather &#111&#110&#101&#45&#115&#105&#100&#101&#100&#13&#10&#112&#104&#97&#114&#109&#97&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#97&#112&#112&#114&#111&#97&#99&#104 &#116&#111 &#105&#110&#118&#101&#115&#116&#105&#103&#97&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115 &#111&#102 psilocybin, LSD and mescaline - an approach that is, in fact, too &#110&#97&#114&#114&#111&#119 &#116&#111 &#97&#100&#100&#114&#101&#115&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#114&#107&#97&#98&#108&#121 unusual nature of these &#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115&#46&#13&#10&#77&#105&#115&#117&#110&#100&#101&#114&#115&#116&#97&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#98&#101&#116&#119&#101&#101&#110 pharmacologists and toxicologists on the one hand and psychiatrists and psychologists on &#116&#104&#101 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#99&#97&#110&#13&#10&#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#98&#101 traced all the way back to the 1950's, creating a legacy of disputes and arguments that have &#121&#101&#116 &#116&#111 &#98&#101 &#114&#101&#115&#111&#108&#118&#101&#100&#46 S. &#71&#114&#111&#102 &#117&#110&#100&#101&#114&#116&#111&#111&#107 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#116&#101&#100&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#116&#97&#115&#107 of analyzing 5,000 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#109&#101&#110&#116&#97&#108 &#76&#83&#68&#13&#10&#112&#114&#111&#116&#111&#99&#111&#108&#115 &#105&#110 &#97&#110 &#101&#102&#102&#111&#114&#116 &#116&#111 isolate &#34&#97&#98&#115&#111&#108&#117&#116&#101&#34&#13&#10&#115&#121&#109&#112&#116&#111&#109&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#97&#114&#101 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 or &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114 &#97&#108&#108 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#116&#105&#109&#101&#46 His results were negative. According to Grof, hallucinogenic substances are non-specific triggers causing a &#115&#101&#113&#117&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#111&#102 &#97&#108&#116&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#115&#116&#97&#116&#101&#115 of consciousness, &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#100&#111 &#110&#111&#116 &#102&#105&#116 &#116&#104&#101 syndrome labeled "toxic psychosis". Rather, it is the individual's personality, along with &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#109&#101&#110&#116&#97&#108 &#115&#101&#116&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#115&#105&#103&#110&#105&#102&#105&#99&#97&#110&#116&#108&#121 shape the nature of the &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#101&#100&#101&#108&#105&#99 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#46 &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#118&#105&#101&#119 is shared by &#97 &#109&#97&#106&#111&#114&#105&#116&#121 &#111&#102 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#116&#115 with <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/how+to+grow+psilocybe+cubensis+in+dung.php" title="In To In Dung How Grow In" alt="In To In Dung How Grow In" >In To In Dung How Grow In</a> &#99&#111&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101&#114&#97&#98&#108&#101&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#110&#100&#117&#99&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#101&#100&#101&#108&#105&#99&#115&#45&#97&#115&#115&#105&#115&#116&#101&#100&#13&#10&#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#97&#112&#121&#46 Even "real" somatic symptoms, such as nausea or &#118&#111&#109&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103&#44 &#99&#97&#110 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#98&#101 controlled through psychological intervention techniques administered &#98&#121 &#116&#114&#97&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#112&#114&#111&#102&#101&#115&#115&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108&#115&#46&#13&#10&#65 &#80&#108&#101&#116&#104&#111&#114&#97 &#111&#102 Names The broad range of possible experiences inspired the use of &#108&#97&#98&#101&#108&#115 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#97&#110&#13&#10&#34&#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#115&#34&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 widely differing semantic connotations: entheogens, psychedelics, illusionogens, psycholytics, psychomimetics, psychodysleptica, psychoemetics and others. "Phantastica" &#40&#76&#101&#119&#105&#110&#41 &#105&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#111&#108&#100&#101&#115&#116 label ever &#117&#115&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101 &#116&#104&#105&#115 class of &#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#105&#115&#13&#10&#116&#101&#114&#109 &#115&#117&#99&#99&#101&#115&#115&#102&#117&#108&#108&#121 &#101&#118&#111&#107&#101&#115 dream-like, fanciful aspects of the experience, as well &#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#111&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#97&#108&#13&#10&#102&#111&#114 &#101&#117&#112&#104&#111&#114&#105&#99 and dysphoric &#101&#109&#111&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#111&#118&#101&#114&#116&#111&#110&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#77&#111&#114&#101 &#114&#101&#99&#101&#110&#116 &#116&#101&#114&#109&#105&#110&#111&#108&#111&#103&#121 often says more about semantic &#98&#105&#97&#115&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#119&#104&#111 use the labels than about any factual, objective characteristics of the alkaloids they refer to. Accordingly, official antidrug propaganda &#115&#105&#110&#99&#101&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#49&#57&#54&#48&#39&#115 &#104&#97&#115 &#100&#105&#115&#112&#97&#114&#97&#103&#101&#100 "psychedelics" as excessively glamorous and too &#112&#111&#115&#105&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#97 &#108&#97&#98&#101&#108&#44 &#97&#115&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 term was popular &#97&#109&#111&#110&#103 &#84&#105&#109&#111&#116&#104&#121 &#76&#101&#97&#114&#121&#39&#115 &#102&#97&#110&#115&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 supporters.<br> When used in low doses or for the first time, these &#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121 to bring about a kind &#111&#102 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#102&#111&#114&#109&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#115&#117&#114&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103&#115&#44 with a heightened ability to perceive subtle differences along &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#116&#114&#117 <p align="justify"> Most recreational users of Psilocybe <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/gold+tops+mushrooms/magic+mushroom+season+in+new+zealand.php" title="Gold Tops Mushrooms Magic Mushroom Season In New Zealand" alt="Gold Tops Mushrooms Magic Mushroom Season In New Zealand" >Gold Tops Mushrooms Magic Mushroom Season In New Zealand</a> cubensis (when grown in &#118&#105&#116&#114&#111&#41 &#114&#101&#113&#117&#105&#114&#101 &#97 &#100&#111&#115&#97&#103&#101 of </p> The Mazatec Indians, who have a long tradition of using the mushrooms, inhabit a range of mountains called the Sierra Mazateca in the northeastern corner of the Mexican state of Oaxaca. The shamans in this essay are all natives of the town of Huautla de Jimenez. Properly speaking they are Huautecans; but since the language they speak has been called Mazatec and they have been referred to in the previous anthropological literature as Mazatecs, I have retained that name, though strictly speaking, Mazatecs are the inhabitants of the village of Mazatlan in the same mountains. <p align="justify"> ed and &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101 &#110&#117&#109&#98&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#102 &#115&#116&#117&#100&#105&#101&#115 were conducted, primarily with LSD. These investigators sought to discover the receptor binding sites <u>mushrooms from south America</u> for hallucinogenic &#99&#111&#109&#112&#111&#117&#110&#100&#115 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#114&#97&#105&#110 and to understand the mechanisms underlying the genesis of &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#101&#100&#101&#108&#105&#99 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#115&#46 &#84&#111&#100&#97&#121&#44 &#119&#101 still lack a sound theoretical framework able to explain the relationship between chemical compounds and the manifestation of their psychoactivity. Even though basic research is certainly important, its methods, unfortunately, &#97&#114&#101&#13&#10&#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#97 &#102&#117&#110&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 a rather one-sided pharmacological approach to investigating the effects of psilocybin, LSD and mescaline - an approach that is, in fact, too narrow to address the remarkably &#117&#110&#117&#115&#117&#97&#108 &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 substances and their effects. Misunderstandings between pharmacologists and toxicologists on &#116&#104&#101 &#111&#110&#101 &#104&#97&#110&#100 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#105&#97&#116&#114&#105&#115&#116&#115 and psychologists on the other can often be traced all the way back to the 1950's, creating a legacy of disputes and arguments that have yet to be resolved. S. Grof &#117&#110&#100&#101&#114&#116&#111&#111&#107 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#116&#101&#100&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#116&#97&#115&#107 &#111&#102 &#97&#110&#97&#108&#121&#122&#105&#110&#103 5,000 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#109&#101&#110&#116&#97&#108 &#76&#83&#68&#13&#10&#112&#114&#111&#116&#111&#99&#111&#108&#115 &#105&#110 &#97&#110 effort to isolate "absolute" symptoms that are reported or occur &#97&#108&#108 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#116&#105&#109&#101&#46 &#72&#105&#115 results were negative. According to &#71&#114&#111&#102&#44&#13&#10&#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99 &#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#110&#111&#110&#45&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#102&#105&#99 triggers causing a sequence of altered states &#111&#102&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#100&#111 &#110&#111&#116 fit the &#115&#121&#110&#100&#114&#111&#109&#101&#13&#10&#108&#97&#98&#101&#108&#101&#100 &#34&#116&#111&#120&#105&#99 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#115&#105&#115&#34&#46 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/cow+shit+shrooms/mushroom+kits/" title="Cow Shit Shrooms Mushroom Kits" alt="Cow Shit Shrooms Mushroom Kits" >Cow Shit Shrooms Mushroom Kits</a> &#82&#97&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#105&#116 is the individual's <u>how to grow magic mushrooms</u> &#112&#101&#114&#115&#111&#110&#97&#108&#105&#116&#121&#44 &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#109&#101&#110&#116&#97&#108 &#115&#101&#116&#116&#105&#110&#103 that significantly shape the nature of the psychedelic experience.<br> This view is shared <i>how to grow magic mushrooms</i> by a majority of experts with considerable experience in conducting psychedelics-assisted psychotherapy. Even "real" somatic symptoms, such as nausea or vomiting, can often &#98&#101 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#114&#111&#108&#108&#101&#100&#13&#10&#116&#104&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#118&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110 techniques administered by trained professionals. A Plethora of Names The &#98&#114&#111&#97&#100 &#114&#97&#110&#103&#101 &#111&#102 &#112&#111&#115&#115&#105&#98&#108&#101 experiences inspired the use of labels other than "hallucinogens", with widely differing semantic connotations: entheogens, psychedelics, illusionogens, psycholytics, psychomimetics, psychodysleptica, psychoemetics &#97&#110&#100 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#115&#46&#13&#10&#34&#80&#104&#97&#110&#116&#97&#115&#116&#105&#99&#97&#34 &#40&#76&#101&#119&#105&#110&#41 &#105&#115 the oldest &#108&#97&#98&#101&#108&#13&#10&#101&#118&#101&#114 &#117&#115&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101 this class &#111&#102 &#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#105&#115&#13&#10&#116&#101&#114&#109 &#115&#117&#99&#99&#101&#115&#115&#102&#117&#108&#108&#121 evokes dream-like, fanciful aspects of the experience, as well as the potential for euphoric and dysphoric &#101&#109&#111&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#111&#118&#101&#114&#116&#111&#110&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#77&#111&#114&#101 &#114&#101&#99&#101&#110&#116 &#116&#101&#114&#109&#105&#110&#111&#108&#111&#103&#121 often &#115&#97&#121&#115 &#109&#111&#114&#101 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116&#13&#10&#115&#101&#109&#97&#110&#116&#105&#99 &#98&#105&#97&#115&#101&#115 <H2>how to grow magic mushrooms</H2> of those who &#117&#115&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#97&#98&#101&#108&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#110&#13&#10&#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 any factual, objective characteristics of the alkaloids they &#114&#101&#102&#101&#114 &#116&#111&#46 &#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103&#108&#121&#44 &#111&#102&#102&#105&#99&#105&#97&#108 antidrug propaganda since the &#49&#57&#54&#48&#39&#115 &#104&#97&#115 &#100&#105&#115&#112&#97&#114&#97&#103&#101&#100 &#34&#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#101&#100&#101&#108&#105&#99&#115&#34 as excessively glamorous and too positive a label, as the term was popular &#97&#109&#111&#110&#103 &#84&#105&#109&#111&#116&#104&#121 &#76&#101&#97&#114&#121&#39&#115 &#102&#97&#110&#115&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 supporters. When used in low doses or for the first time, these substances &#97&#114&#101 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121 &#116&#111 bring about a kind of magical transformation of surroundings, with a heightened ability to perceive subtle differences along the color spectru </p> own cause of death and disease, bloated stomachs and insanity. Beliefs such as these have survived to the present day. They persist, for example,,, as figures of speech, s u c h as the slick Austrian description of a societal misfit as someone "who ate those madness-inducing mushrooms." But, there is another, very different, magic mushroom legacy as well. Flesh of the Gods for Devil Worshippers The Old World. Mycenaean civilization began with a mushroom trip -Mushrooms were an ingredient in the ambrosia of Dionysus. Porphyrius, the fourth century Latin poet and contemporary of Emperor Konstantin, knew that magic mushrooms were the children of the gods. WHO WAS THE FIRST MAGICIAN? A quasi-cannibalistic ritual, the act of eating the children of the gods unlocked one's power to experience the truly divine. But not all mushrooms enable human beings to enter the realm of divine consciousness. This magic power resides in only those fungi known as "fool's mushrooms", which were considered poisonous and believed to be the spawn of the Devil throughout the late Middle Ages and well into modern times. The New World: The Aztecs in Mexico referred to a number of small, inconspicuous mushrooms as teonartacatl, or "flesh of the Gods." These sacred mushrooms were eaten during the course of rituals intended to contact the Gods in order to learn about the world and the realm of the divine. These magic mushroom rituals thoroughly spooked the Catholic Spaniards. The mushroom eaters, commonly thought of as Devil worshippers, were hounded by the Inquisition. Still, all good things survive the tests of time, so the cult of magic mushroom eaters did not become extinct. Like mycelia underground, the cult continued to flourish, and at the proper time in recorded history, in 1957, the fruit of the fully grown mushroom re-surfaced to draw widespread public attention. Valentine and Gordon Wasson became the heroes of the modern neo-mycophilic movement. Back to the Old World: The revelations and insights gained from the use of psychoactive mushrooms were so magically wonderful, that our native European "fool's mushrooms" - which were gene ; considered inedible - had to be recognized as closely related to the magic mushrooms of Mexico, the flesh of the Aztec Gods. The souls of magic mushrooms in Mexico and Germany are essentially made from the same substance: psilocybin. Jochen Gartz has made an extraordinary contribution to the field of mycology by embracing Germany's magic mushrooms and the scientific study and testing of these fungi. The research efforts upon which this book is based require nothing less than a fearless, brave and courageous consciousness, free of prejudice and mycophobia. I am convinced that a researcher's consciousness infused by the spirit of the magic mushroom is capable of far deeper scientific insights than we can ever expect from the usual ivory tower academics, isolated from reality ed and large numbers of studies were conducted, primarily with LSD. These investigators sought to discover the receptor binding sites for hallucinogenic compounds in the brain and to understand the mechanisms underlying the genesis of psychedelic visions. Today, we still lack a sound theoretical framework able to explain the relationship between chemical compounds and the manifestation of their psychoactivity. Even though basic research is certainly important, its methods, unfortunately, are often a function of a rather one-sided pharmacological approach to investigating the effects of psilocybin, LSD and mescaline - an approach that is, in fact, too narrow to address the remarkably unusual nature of these substances and their effects. Misunderstandings between pharmacologists and toxicologists on the one hand and psychiatrists and psychologists on the other can often be traced all the way back to the 1950's, creating a legacy of disputes and arguments that have yet to be resolved. S. Grof undertook the tedious task of analyzing 5,000 experimental LSD protocols in an effort to isolate "absolute" symptoms that are reported or occur all of the time. His results were negative. According to Grof, hallucinogenic substances are non-specific triggers causing a sequence of altered states of consciousness, which do not fit the syndrome labeled "toxic psychosis". Rather, it is the individual's personality, along with the experimental setting that significantly shape the nature of the psychedelic experience. This view is shared by a majority of experts with considerable experience in conducting psychedelics-assisted psychotherapy. Even "real" somatic symptoms, such as nausea or vomiting, can often be controlled through psychological intervention techniques administered by trained professionals. A Plethora of Names The broad range of possible experiences inspired the use of labels other than "hallucinogens", with widely differing semantic connotations: entheogens, psychedelics, illusionogens, psycholytics, psychomimetics, psychodysleptica, psychoemetics and others. "Phantastica" (Lewin) is the oldest label ever used to describe this class of substances. This term successfully evokes dream-like, fanciful aspects of the experience, as well as the potential for euphoric and dysphoric emotional overtones. More recent terminology often says more about semantic biases of those who use the labels than about any factual, objective characteristics of the alkaloids they refer to. Accordingly, official antidrug propaganda since the 1960's has disparaged "psychedelics" as excessively glamorous and too positive a label, as the term was popular among Timothy Leary's fans and supporters. When used in low doses or for the first time, these substances are most likely to bring about a kind of magical transformation of surroundings, with a heightened ability to perceive subtle differences along the color spectru &#117&#114&#101 &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#13&#10&#40&#119&#105&#116&#104 sclerotia formation). Figure 48 - &#73&#110&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#97&#101&#114&#117&#103&#105&#110&#97&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#111&#110 &#103&#114&#97&#115&#115&#121 soil Figure 49 - Psilocybe cubensis on horse manure and rice. portions of mycelia whose texture is somewhat like wool. &#84&#104&#101 &#107&#105&#110&#100 &#111&#102 &#118&#105&#114&#117&#115&#101&#115 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 to appear in champignon cultures - &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#97&#108&#114&#101&#97&#100&#121&#13&#10&#99&#97&#117&#115&#101&#100 a lot of damage - have &#115&#111 &#102&#97&#114 &#110&#111&#116 &#98&#101&#101&#110&#13&#10&#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 in cultures of &#116&#104&#101 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#73&#116 is safe to say that we currently know &#97&#13&#10&#103&#114&#101&#97&#116 &#100&#101&#97&#108 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#101 nutritional requirements of Psilocybe cubensis. To a lesser extent, &#115&#117&#99&#104&#13&#10&#105&#110&#102&#111&#114&#109&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#115 &#97&#118&#97&#105&#108&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 other species as well.<br> <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/USEOFMUSHROOM.php" title="Useofmushroom" alt="Useofmushroom" >Useofmushroom</a> Armed with this knowledge, future researchers may well discover &#110&#101&#119 &#105&#110&#115&#105&#103&#104&#116&#115 &#105&#110&#116&#111&#13&#10&#112&#104&#121&#115&#105&#111&#108&#111&#103&#121 &#111&#102 these species, &#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#98&#105&#111&#99&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97&#108 changes that occur &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103&#46&#13&#10&#73&#110 &#109&#121 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#109&#101&#110&#116&#115&#44 it has already been established that the process of differentiation whereby &#109&#121&#99&#101&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#102&#111&#114&#109&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#115&#99&#108&#101&#114&#111&#116&#105&#97 or fruiting bodies &#105&#115 &#108&#105&#110&#107&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#105&#110&#99&#114&#101&#97&#115&#101&#100 production of &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 &#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#97&#115 psilocin, especially &#105&#110&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115&#46&#13&#10&#68&#117&#101 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 relatively complex methodology and the &#116&#121&#112&#101 &#111&#102 &#101&#113&#117&#105&#112&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#110&#101&#101&#100&#101&#100 to isolate and maintain sterile cultures, &#105&#116 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#115&#13&#10&#117&#110&#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#105&#118&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 of &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#98&#121 &#108&#97&#121&#112&#101&#114&#115&#111&#110&#115 &#119&#105&#108&#108 significantly heighten the mushroom's popularity or widen its area of distribution anytime soon. However, since the early 1980s, growing numbers of &#109&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#101&#115 &#105&#110 &#78&#111&#114&#116&#104 &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97 and Europe have successfully used "natural outdoor cultivation" to &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#115&#105&#109&#105&#108&#97&#114 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 This process involves selection &#111&#102&#13&#10&#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108 &#119&#111&#111&#100 &#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#114&#97&#116&#101&#115 &#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#116&#101&#100 with mycelia (rhizomorphs) &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#117&#115&#117&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#116&#117&#114&#110 &#98&#108&#117&#101 &#105&#110 response to handling. The mycelia are then transferred &#111&#110&#116&#111&#13&#10&#102&#114&#101&#115&#104 &#119&#111&#111&#100 &#99&#104&#105&#112&#115 &#111&#114 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#101&#114&#99&#105&#97&#108 mulch (not &#102&#114&#111&#109&#13&#10&#99&#101&#100&#97&#114 &#116&#114&#101&#101&#115&#41&#46 &#65&#102&#116&#101&#114 &#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108 months of &#103&#114&#111&#119&#116&#104&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#109&#121&#99&#101&#108&#105&#97 &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116 &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 the fall season. Figure 50 - Surface &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101 &#111&#102 &#73&#110&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#97&#101&#114&#117&#103&#105&#110&#97&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 on a liquid nutrient &#109&#101&#100&#105&#117&#109&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#53&#49 &#45 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 subbalteatus on &#99&#111&#119 &#100&#117&#110&#103 &#97&#110&#100 &#114&#105&#99&#101&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#53&#50 &#45 Psilocybe cubensis on <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/Where+Can+I+Pick+Magic+Mushrooms+in+England/" title="Where Can I Pick Magic Mushrooms In England" alt="Where Can I Pick Magic Mushrooms In England" >Where Can I Pick Magic Mushrooms In England</a> wet &#110&#101&#119&#115&#112&#97&#112&#101&#114&#46&#13&#10&#67&#72&#65&#80&#84&#69&#82 &#55&#13&#10&#80&#83&#89&#67&#72&#79&#84&#82&#79&#80&#73&#67 &#77&#85&#83&#72&#82&#79&#79&#77 &#83&#80&#69&#67&#73&#69&#83&#13&#10&#65&#82&#79&#85&#78&#68 THE WORLD Figure &#53&#51 &#45 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#111&#110 compost. Figure &#53&#52 &#45 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#116&#117&#110&#116&#122&#105&#105 (grasslands variety) from British &#67&#111&#108&#117&#109&#98&#105&#97&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#53&#53 &#45 &#71&#105&#97&#110&#116 mushroom sculpture from Kerala, India. There is considerable debate among experts about &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#105&#103&#110&#105&#102&#105&#99&#97&#110&#99&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#111&#115&#101 of the sculpture. Figure 56 - &#77&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#38 &#119&#97&#116&#101&#114 buffalo t-shirt from Thailand, designed for the Western <i>Texas Psychoactive Mushrooms</i> tourist market.<br> CHAPTER 7.<br>1 SPOTLIGHT ON &#78&#79&#82&#84&#72 &#65&#77&#69&#82&#73&#67&#65 &#65&#78&#68 &#72&#65&#87&#65&#73&#73&#13&#10&#73&#110 1961, V.E. Tyler became the first investigator to report the detection of &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#112&#101&#108&#108&#105&#99&#117&#108&#111&#115&#97 &#40&#83&#109&#105&#116&#104&#41 Singer & &#83&#109&#105&#116&#104&#44&#13&#10&#97 &#78&#111&#114&#116&#104 &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 species. One year later, two research groups, working independently, discovered psilocybin, as well as psilocin, in samples of Psilocybe &#98&#97&#101&#111&#99&#121&#115&#116&#105&#115 &#83&#105&#110&#103&#101&#114 &#38 &#83&#109&#105&#116&#104&#13&#10&#102&#114&#111&#109 the Pacific Northwest region of North America. &#65&#100&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#99&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#97&#120&#111&#110&#111&#109&#105&#99&#13&#10&#102&#105&#110&#100&#105&#110 &#65&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#115&#97&#121&#44 ʼTis <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magic+mushrooms+that+grow+in+woodchips.php" title="Magic Mushrooms That Grow In Woodchips" alt="Magic Mushrooms That Grow In Woodchips" >Magic Mushrooms That Grow In Woodchips</a> the &#115&#101&#97&#115&#111&#110 &#116&#111 &#98&#101 &#112&#105&#99&#107&#105&#110&#103&#700&#44 &#98&#117&#116 make Existing evidence indicates that man in the Old World —Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia—has made less use of native plants and shrubs for their hallucinogenic properties than has man in the New World. There is little reason to believe that the vegetation of one half of the globe is poorer or richer in species with hallucinogenic properties than the other half. Why, then, should there be such disparity? Has man in the Old World simply not discovered many of the native hallucinogenic plants? Are some of them too toxic in other ways to be utilized? Or has man in the Old World been culturally less interested in narcotics? We have no real answer. But we do know that the Old World has fewer known species employed hallucinogenically than does the New World: compared with only 15 or 20 species used in the Eastern Hemisphere, the species used hallucinogenically in the Western Hemisphere number more than 100! Yet some of the Old World hallucinogens today hold places of primacy throughout the world. Cannabis, undoubtedly the most widespread of all the hallucinogens, is perhaps the best example. The several solanaceous ingredients of medieval witches' brews—henbane, nightshade, belladonna, and mandrake—greatly influenced European philosophy, medicine, and even history for many years. Some played an extraordinarily vital religious role in the early Aryan cultures of northern India. The role of hallucinogens in the cultural and social development of many areas of the Old World is only now being investigated. At every turn, its exte <p align="justify"> &#13&#10&#67&#65&#84&#84&#76&#69 &#65&#83 &#65 &#80&#79&#83&#83&#73&#66&#76&#69 DISPERSAL &#77&#69&#67&#72&#65&#78&#73&#83&#77 &#70&#79&#82 &#80&#83&#89&#67&#72&#79&#65&#67&#84&#73&#86&#69 &#68&#85&#78&#71 &#70&#85&#78&#71&#73&#13&#10&#79&#110&#101 may ask &#116&#104&#101 &#113&#117&#101&#115&#116&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#34&#104&#111&#119 &#100&#105&#100 these &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#114&#105&#118&#101 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 and New Zealand?" Well some species &#109&#97&#121 &#98&#101 &#101&#110&#100&#101&#109&#105&#99&#44&#116&#104&#97&#116 &#105&#115&#44 they were already there naturally.<br> Other species &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#97&#98&#111&#118&#101 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101&#100 dung-inhabiting mushrooms most likelyappeared after the introduction of cattle &#111&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116&#46&#84&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 livestock &#116&#111 &#97&#114&#114&#105&#118&#101 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 were brought from the Cape of Good Hope in1788, and included 2 bulls and &#53 &#99&#111&#119&#115&#44 &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#119&#105&#116&#104 other domesticated farm animals.<br> Byl803, the government owned approximately 1800 cattle, most of which were importedfrom the Cape, Calcutta, and the west &#99&#111&#97&#115&#116 &#111&#102 &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97&#46 &#73&#116 was &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#112&#101&#114&#105&#111&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#115&#111&#109&#101 of the visionary mushrooms mentioned in this &#102&#105&#101&#108&#100 &#103&#117&#105&#100&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#98&#97&#98&#108&#121 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 appeared inAustralia (Unsigned, 1973). According to Australian mycologist John Burton Cleland(1934), "fungi growing in cow or horse-dung and confined to such habitats, must in thecase of Australia, all belong to introduced species".<br> It &#105&#115 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#104&#97&#118&#101 been the SouthAfrican dung beetle which may have actually spread the &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115&#46 &#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#105&#115&#104&#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116 &#82&#111&#121 Watling of the Royal Botanic Gardens in Glasgow, Scotland, "it must beremembered that fungi can change substrate preferences and there &#97&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#112&#114&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#111&#117&#115&#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 &#111&#110 &#107&#97&#110&#103&#97&#114&#111&#111 droppings etc." Some mycologists &#119&#104&#111 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#115&#116&#117&#100&#105&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 "magicmushrooms" in Australia and &#78&#90 &#99&#108&#97&#105&#109 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 "use of &#80&#46 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#97&#115 &#97 recreational drugtends to confirm the belief &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#91&#115&#111&#109&#101&#93 &#102&#97&#114&#109&#101&#114&#115 &#105&#110 early &#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 &#91&#109&#97&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101&#93 &#97&#100&#100&#101&#100 one or two basidiomes gilled &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#93 &#116&#111 &#97 &#109&#101&#97&#108&#116&#111 liven it up and still &#100&#111&#93 &#77&#97&#114&#103&#111&#116 &#38&#97&#109&#112&#59 &#87&#97&#116&#108&#105&#110&#103&#44 1981)." CATTLE &#65&#83 &#65 &#80&#79&#83&#83&#73&#66&#76&#69 &#68&#73&#83&#80&#69&#82&#83&#65&#76 MECHANISM &#70&#79&#82 &#80&#83&#89&#67&#72&#79&#65&#67&#84&#73&#86&#69 &#68&#85&#78&#71 &#70&#85&#78&#71&#73&#13&#10&#79&#110&#101 may ask the question, "how did these &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#114&#105&#118&#101 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 and New &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100&#63&#34 &#87&#101&#108&#108 &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#109&#97&#121 be endemic,that is, they were already there naturally. Other species &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#97&#98&#111&#118&#101 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101&#100 dung-inhabiting mushrooms most likelyappeared &#97&#102&#116&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#101 &#105&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101 on the subcontinent.<br>The &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#108&#105&#118&#101&#115&#116&#111&#99&#107 &#116&#111 &#97&#114&#114&#105&#118&#101 in &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#116 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#67&#97&#112&#101 of Good &#72&#111&#112&#101 &#105&#110&#49&#55&#56&#56&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#105&#110&#99&#108&#117&#100&#101&#100 &#50 bulls and &#53 &#99&#111&#119&#115&#44 &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#119&#105&#116&#104 other domesticated farm animals. Byl803, the government owned approximately 1800 cattle, most of which were importedfrom the Cape, Calcutta, and the west coast of America. It was &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#112&#101&#114&#105&#111&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#115&#111&#109&#101 of the visionary mushrooms &#109&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#102&#105&#101&#108&#100 guide probably first appeared inAustralia (Unsigned, &#49&#57&#55&#51&#41&#46 &#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110 mycologist &#74&#111&#104&#110 &#66&#117&#114&#116&#111&#110 &#67&#108&#101&#108&#97&#110&#100&#40&#49&#57&#51&#52&#41&#44 &#34&#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 growing in cow or horse-dung and confined to such habitats, must in &#116&#104&#101&#99&#97&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#44 &#97&#108&#108 belong to introduced species". &#73&#116 &#105&#115 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#101&#100 &#116&#111 have been the SouthAfrican dung beetle which may have actually spread the spores. According to Englishmycologist Roy Watling &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#82&#111&#121&#97&#108 &#66&#111&#116&#97&#110&#105&#99 Gardens in Glasgow, Scotland, "it must beremembered &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 &#99&#97&#110 &#99&#104&#97&#110&#103&#101 substrate &#112&#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#114&#101 coprophilousfungi on kangaroo droppings etc." Some mycologists who have studied the "magicmushrooms" in Australia and NZ claim that the "use of P. cubensis as a recreational drugtends to confirm the belief that &#115&#111&#109&#101&#93 &#102&#97&#114&#109&#101&#114&#115 &#105&#110 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 times may have] &#97&#100&#100&#101&#100 &#111&#110&#101 &#111&#114 &#116&#119&#111 &#98&#97&#115&#105&#100&#105&#111&#109&#101&#115 &#103&#105&#108&#108&#101&#100 mushrooms] to a mealto liven it up and still do] Margot & Watling, 1981)." CATTLE AS A &#80&#79&#83&#83&#73&#66&#76&#69 &#68&#73&#83&#80&#69&#82&#83&#65&#76 &#77&#69&#67&#72&#65&#78&#73&#83&#77 &#70&#79&#82 PSYCHOACTIVE DUNG FUNGI One may &#97&#115&#107 &#116&#104&#101 &#113&#117&#101&#115&#116&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#34&#104&#111&#119 did these mushrooms arrive in Australia and New &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100&#63&#34 &#87&#101&#108&#108 &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 may &#98&#101 &#101&#110&#100&#101&#109&#105&#99&#44&#116&#104&#97&#116 &#105&#115&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#121 were &#97&#108&#114&#101&#97&#100&#121 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108&#108&#121&#46 &#79&#116&#104&#101&#114 species &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#97&#98&#111&#118&#101 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101&#100 &#100&#117&#110&#103&#45&#105&#110&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 mushrooms most likelyappeared after the introduction of cattle &#111&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116&#46&#84&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 livestock to arrive in Australia were &#98&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#116 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#67&#97&#112&#101 of Good &#72&#111&#112&#101 &#105&#110&#49&#55&#56&#56&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#105&#110&#99&#108&#117&#100&#101&#100 2 bulls and &#53 &#99&#111&#119&#115&#44 &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#119&#105&#116&#104 other domesticated farm animals.<br> Byl803, the government owned &#97&#112&#112&#114&#111&#120&#105&#109&#97&#116&#101&#108&#121 &#49&#56&#48&#48 &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101&#44 &#109&#111&#115&#116 of &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#105&#109&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100&#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 Cape, Calcutta, &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#101&#115&#116 &#99&#111&#97&#115&#116 of America. It was during this period thatsome of &#116&#104&#101 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#97&#114&#121 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#109&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110&#101&#100 in this field guide probably first appeared inAustralia (Unsigned, 1973). According to Australian mycologist John Burton Cleland(1934), "fungi growing in cow &#111&#114 &#104&#111&#114&#115&#101&#45&#100&#117&#110&#103 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#110&#101&#100 to such habitats, &#109&#117&#115&#116 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#99&#97&#115&#101 &#111&#102 Australia, all &#98&#101&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#105&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#101&#100 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#34&#46 It is believed to have been &#116&#104&#101 &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104&#65&#102&#114&#105&#99&#97&#110 &#100&#117&#110&#103 &#98&#101&#101&#116&#108&#101 which may &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#97&#99&#116&#117&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100 &#116&#104&#101 spores. According to Englishmycologist Roy Watling &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#82&#111&#121&#97&#108 &#66&#111&#116&#97&#110&#105&#99 Gardens in Glasgow, Scotland, "it &#109&#117&#115&#116 &#98&#101&#114&#101&#109&#101&#109&#98&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 can change substrate preferences and there are coprophilousfungi &#111&#110 &#107&#97&#110&#103&#97&#114&#111&#111 &#100&#114&#111&#112&#112&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#101&#116&#99&#46&#34 &#83&#111&#109&#101 mycologists &#119&#104&#111 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#115&#116&#117&#100&#105&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#34&#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#34 in &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#90 &#99&#108&#97&#105&#109 that &#116&#104&#101 &#34&#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#80&#46 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 as a recreational drugtends to &#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#114&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#102 &#116&#104&#97&#116 some farmers in &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 &#91&#109&#97&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 added one or two basidiomes gilled mushrooms to a mealto liven &#105&#116 &#117&#112 &#91&#97&#110&#100 &#115&#116&#105&#108&#108 do Margot <b>while while mushrooms vision</b> & &#87&#97&#116&#108&#105&#110&#103&#44 &#49&#57&#56&#49&#41&#46&#34&#13&#10&#13&#10&#67&#65&#84&#84&#76&#69 &#65&#83 &#65 POSSIBLE DISPERSAL MECHANISM FOR PSYCHOACTIVE DUNG FUNGI One may ask the question, "how did these mushrooms &#97&#114&#114&#105&#118&#101 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 New Zealand?" Well some species &#109&#97&#121 &#98&#101 &#101&#110&#100&#101&#109&#105&#99&#44&#116&#104&#97&#116 &#105&#115&#44 they &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#108&#114&#101&#97&#100&#121 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108&#108&#121&#46 Other species such as the above &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101&#100 &#100&#117&#110&#103&#45&#105&#110&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#109&#111&#115&#116 likelyappeared after &#116&#104&#101 &#105&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101 on the &#115&#117&#98&#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116&#46&#84&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#108&#105&#118&#101&#115&#116&#111&#99&#107 &#116&#111 arrive in Australia were brought from the Cape of &#71&#111&#111&#100 &#72&#111&#112&#101 &#105&#110&#49&#55&#56&#56&#44 &#97&#110&#100 included 2 bulls and 5 cows, &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#100&#111&#109&#101&#115&#116&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#102&#97&#114&#109 animals.<br> &#66&#121&#108&#56&#48&#51&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#103&#111&#118&#101&#114&#110&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#111&#119&#110&#101&#100 approximately 1800 cattle, most of which were importedfrom the Cape, Calcutta, and the west coast of America. It was during this period thatsome &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#97&#114&#121 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 mentioned in this field guide probably first appeared inAustralia (Unsigned, 1973). According to &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116 &#74&#111&#104&#110 &#66&#117&#114&#116&#111&#110 &#67&#108&#101&#108&#97&#110&#100&#40&#49&#57&#51&#52&#41&#44 "fungi growing in &#99&#111&#119 &#111&#114 &#104&#111&#114&#115&#101&#45&#100&#117&#110&#103 &#97&#110&#100 confined &#116&#111 &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#97&#116&#115&#44 &#109&#117&#115&#116 in thecase of Australia, all belong to introduced species".<br> It is believed to have been the SouthAfrican dung beetle &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#109&#97&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#97&#99&#116&#117&#97&#108&#108&#121 spread the spores. According to &#69&#110&#103&#108&#105&#115&#104&#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116 &#82&#111&#121 &#87&#97&#116&#108&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#102 the &#82&#111&#121&#97&#108 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/Dipropyltryptamine+legal/telstrabp.php" title="Dipropyltryptamine Legal Telstrabp" alt="Dipropyltryptamine Legal Telstrabp" >Dipropyltryptamine Legal Telstrabp</a> &#66&#111&#116&#97&#110&#105&#99 &#71&#97&#114&#100&#101&#110&#115 &#105&#110 &#71&#108&#97&#115&#103&#111&#119&#44 Scotland, "it must &#98&#101&#114&#101&#109&#101&#109&#98&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 &#99&#97&#110 &#99&#104&#97&#110&#103&#101 substrate preferences and there are coprophilousfungi on kangaroo droppings etc." Some mycologists who have studied the "magicmushrooms" in Australia &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#90 &#99&#108&#97&#105&#109 &#116&#104&#97&#116 the "use of P. cubensis as a recreational drugtends to confirm the &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#102 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#102&#97&#114&#109&#101&#114&#115 &#105&#110 early times may have added one or two basidiomes gilled mushrooms to &#97 &#109&#101&#97&#108&#116&#111 &#108&#105&#118&#101&#110 &#105&#116 up &#97&#110&#100 &#115&#116&#105&#108&#108 &#100&#111 &#77&#97&#114&#103&#111&#116 & Watling, 1981).<br>" </p> More than half of Australia's beef cattle can be found in the coastal areas of Queensland and New South Wales; and the 20 to 30 inch (500-750mm) rainfall belt of Queensland, New South Wales and Northern Victoria, generally provide adequate climatic environments for the growth of psilocybian mushrooms, especially after heavy rains. It has been suggested that "Psilocybe cubensis was introduced into Australia accidentally by early settlers along with their livestock." This same spore dispersal mechanism also probably applies to Copelandia cyanescens, Panaeolus subbalteatus and several additional species known to occur in or around the dung of other ruminants. This includes Psilocybe semilanceata and the non-hallucinogenic "haymaker's" mushroom Panaeolina foenisecii. While cattle are raised in all Australian states, as well as in the central lowlands, recreational users have been known to export these psychoptic species to various areas in Australia from areas where they were collected. In the case of New Zealand, hereafter referred to as NZ, cattle are the primary source for Copelandia cyanescens, but the "liberty cap" mushroom Psilocybe semilanceata only grows in the manured soil of four-legged ruminants and not directly from manure (Jansen, Pers. Comm., 1988). The identification section of this guide documents reported locations for more than 1 dozen species of psilocybian mushrooms in Australia and NZ which most likely have been used at one time or another for recreational purposes. </p> <h1 id="cross-browser">growing magic mushrooms outside @ 3/16/2010 6:01:20 AM</h1> <p></p> <h1 id="stylesheets">how to identify shrooms</h1> <p>and familiarity with psychotropic mushrooms in Europe that is most likely derived from usage of Psilocybes and related species, rather than experience with Amanita muscaria. However, it is extremely difficult to reject or confirm this hypothesis, due to the lack of conclusive data available for analysis today. Bwyd Ellylon: A Feast of Fairies in Celebration of the Spirit World Tales of ritualistic mushroom usage have found their way into the realm of myths and legends. For instance, one legend describes a peculiar poisonous mushroom in Wales (British Isles) with the strange name of Bwyd Ellylon, which was considered a delicacy by fairies feasting in celebration of the spirit world. Psilocybe semilanceata is the most important psilocybincontaining mushroom in Europe and it thrives in parts of Great Britain, where the mushroom grows abundantly all across the Welsh countryside during fall season. I would like to thank G. Samorini for pointing out that the Inquisition was unusually cruel and vicious in the Alpine valleys of Valcamonica, Valtrompia and Valtellina (located in the provinces of Brescia and Sandrio in Northern Italy). Many books chronicle countless witch burnings in that region, with particular emphasis on the witches' meetings at the "Monte del Tonale", located at an altitude of 2000 m (ca. 6,000 ft). Field research has shown that plants of the nightshade family ("witching herbs") do not grow at this altitude; even the fly agaric mushroom is rarely found there. By contrast, pastures in the area abound with Psilocybe semilanceata during the fall. Given this historical context, it would seem likely that Psilocybe semilanceata played an important role as a psychotropic agent in the region (see Figure 58, Chapter 7.4). In light of medieval accounts describing the practice of witchcraft, it is interesting to note that a subjective sensation of flying or levitation is among the commonly reported effects of psilocybin intoxication. Berserk Rage of Nordic Warriors In the course of the ideological power struggle between Christianity and the remnants of pagan religions that worshipped Nature, many sources of knowledge were lost. The aggressive repression and eradication of pre-Christian customs all but destroyed the continuity of Europe's original cultural heritage, along with much historic evidence documenting early cultural practices, including the usage of plants and mushrooms for the purpose of temporary alterations of consciousness. Some authors went so far as to blame the fly agaric mushroom for proverbial fits of "berserk rage" attributed to Nordic warriors. Many accounts detailing this phenomenon allude to a "deception of the eyes" (i.e. visual hallucinations). After the Nordic legal system banished the practice of "going berserk", it disappeared quite suddenly during the 12th century. At about the same time, Saxo Grammaticus speculated that the Berserkers may have used mag As they say, ʼTis the season to be pickingʼ, but make , and who gorge themselves on our tax dollars. I met Jochen Gartz shortly after the fall of the Berlin Wall at the third symposium of the European College for the Study of Consciousness (ECSC) in Freiburg, Germany. Our encounter was my first contact with a researcher from the former East Germany. Jochen Gartz's enthusiastic lecture was a truly consciousnessexpanding event, his words breaking down traditional borders and crossing over into new territory. The magic mushrooms spoke through him - with no trace of dogma or ideology - in the tradition of true anarchy that is the hallmark of mushroom magic. What I heard was unbelievable. Jochen spoke of a "new" psychedelic mushroom and its migration. The mycelia had spread in concentric circles outward from Leipzig, jumping all political borders. Finally, when the mycelia reached West German soil, the hated Berlin Wall crumbled. Could there possibly be a connection between the evolution of the magic mushroom and the evolution of our consciousness? Could a mushroom have contributed to the resolution of our political conflicts? In the past, politicians, even popes, had their own jesters and magicians, who functioned as pressure release valves in the machinations of political power struggles. It is obvious that a country whose chancellor is being pelted with eggs, urgently needs a new breed of magician who are able to readjust reality. But today, no aspiring magician should go about this task without this book as a guide for the wondrous journey into the realm of magic mushrooms. Christian Rdtsch Figure 5 - "Anthropomorphic Beings Engaged in Mushroom Dance" 10,000-year-old rock drawing in Tassili, Sahara (Algeria) CHAPTER 1 I BELIEVE THE TIME HAS COME FOR A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF NEW FINDINGS FROM THE FIELDS OF MYCOLOGY, TAXONOMY AND NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY When R.G. Wasson, R. Heim and A. Hofmann began their interdisciplinary research program to study the Mexican species of mushrooms and their usage in Mexican mushroom cults, their efforts culminated in a 1958 landmark report that described the isolation, molecular structure and synthesis of the mushrooms' active ingredients: psilocybin and psilocin. Several years later, these substances were also identified in a species of mushroom in Europe, Psilocybe semilanceata, which became the first in a series of newly discovered species. Since then, psychoactive mushrooms from other genera have been reported with increasing frequency. As part of my analytical work dedicated to the identification of naturally occurring chemicals, I had the good fortune to be part of a research team that studied alkaloids found in a variety of mushroom species. Now I believe the time has come for a comprehensive review of new findings from the fields of mycology, taxonomy and natural products chemistry. Wasson and his successors have already provided detailed accounts pertaining to the history and study of the Me The first livestock to arrive in Australia were brought from the Cape of Good Hope in <p align="right"> &#97 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 reported from the following countries: &#70&#105&#110&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#78&#111&#114&#119&#97&#121&#44&#13&#10&#83&#119&#101&#100&#101&#110&#44 &#68&#101&#110&#109&#97&#114&#107&#44 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#44 Switzerland, Austria, The Netherlands, Belgium, France, Russia, Poland, the former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Scotland, England, &#87&#97&#108&#101&#115&#44&#13&#10&#73&#116&#97&#108&#121 &#97&#110&#100 &#83&#112&#97&#105&#110&#46&#13&#10&#85&#110&#102&#111&#114&#116&#117&#110&#97&#116&#101&#108&#121&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 are no &#99&#111&#109&#112&#114&#101&#104&#101&#110&#115&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#109&#97&#112&#115 &#100&#101&#116&#97&#105&#108&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#39&#115&#13&#10&#100&#105&#115&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 pattern. Traditionally, mycologists have often &#110&#101&#103&#108&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#108&#121 &#116&#105&#110&#121 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 such as Psilocybe semilanceata, that tend to share &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114&#13&#10&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#97&#116&#115 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#109&#111&#114&#101 prominent species.<br> The sarcastic phrase "The &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#97&#98&#117&#110&#100&#97&#110&#99&#101 &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101&#118&#101&#114 mycologists abound" is particularly pertinent in &#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 Prior to the discovery of psilocybin, the Psilocybe genus languished in the &#108&#105&#116&#101&#114&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101&#44&#13&#10&#115&#104&#114&#111&#117&#100&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#111&#98&#115&#99&#117&#114&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#84&#111 this day, &#102&#101&#119&#13&#10&#49&#56&#57&#46 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#70&#114&#46 Worthless] The cap is uniformly conic to bell-shaped, with &#97 &#112&#111&#105&#110&#116&#121 &#111&#114 &#111&#98&#116&#117&#115&#101 center forming an almost wart-like protrusion; initially, &#99&#97&#112&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#116&#97&#108&#108&#101&#114 than they are wide, margins are bent and curved inward; later &#111&#110&#44 &#119&#105&#100&#116&#104 &#111&#102 &#99&#97&#112 is 1.5-4 cm. Hygrophanous; &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#105&#115 &#97 &#100&#105&#114&#116&#121&#105&#115&#104 &#111&#108&#105&#118&#101&#45&#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 when wet, with translucent striate &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115&#59 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44&#13&#10&#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 is ocher or greenish-yellow &#97&#103&#97&#105&#110&#115&#116 &#97&#110 &#111&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108&#108 &#115&#104&#97&#100&#101 of smudgy &#112&#97&#108&#101 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 &#115&#111&#109&#101 greenish stains; only the margins are banded by a darkcolored, watery stripe around the edge. No &#115&#116&#114&#105&#112&#101&#115 &#111&#114 &#98&#97&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116 when mushrooms are completely dried.<br> &#76&#97&#99&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#97 &#118&#101&#105&#108&#44 &#99&#97&#112&#115 are &#116&#104&#105&#110&#45&#102&#108&#101&#115&#104&#101&#100&#44 &#98&#97&#108&#100&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97&#110 easily separable &#112&#101&#108&#108&#105&#99&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#115 &#103&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#110&#111&#117&#115&#45&#115&#116&#105&#99&#107&#121 &#102&#111&#114 a &#108&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#44 &#116&#117&#114&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#104&#105&#110&#121 when dry.<br> Gills are &#111&#108&#105&#118&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 purple brown in color, &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#100&#103&#101&#115 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103 white, &#103&#105&#108&#108 &#115&#112&#97&#99&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#115 &#113&#117&#105&#116&#101 crowded; gill attachment is either roughly linear &#111&#114&#13&#10&#109&#111&#115&#116&#108&#121 &#97&#100&#110&#101&#120&#101&#100&#59 &#117&#112 &#116&#111 3.5 &#109&#109 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#59 &#97&#116&#116&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 &#97&#116 the stem only, fully detached later on. Spores are &#101&#108&#111&#110&#103&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#101&#108&#108&#105&#112&#105&#116&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#105&#110 shape, &#115&#109&#111&#111&#116&#104 &#97&#110&#100 &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101&#44 &#109&#101&#97&#115&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 12-16 u by 6-8,u. Color of spore &#100&#117&#115&#116 &#105&#115 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 brown. Stem is very &#115&#108&#101&#110&#100&#101&#114&#44 &#97&#108&#109&#111&#115&#116 &#117&#110&#105&#102&#111&#114&#109&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#105&#110 and always &#116&#119&#105&#115&#116&#101&#100&#44 &#54&#45&#49&#50 &#99&#109 &#108&#111&#110&#103 and 1.25-2 mm thick, &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#115&#104 &#111&#114 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#105&#115&#104 &#105&#110 color; areas subjected to &#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#117&#114&#101 &#100&#101&#118&#101&#108&#111&#112 &#98&#108&#117&#105&#115&#104&#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#13&#10&#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#46 &#83&#116&#101&#109&#115 are silky smooth and roughly &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44 &#99&#111&#114&#116&#105&#110&#97&#116&#101 &#102&#105&#98&#114&#105&#108&#115 appear like remnants of a veil, which is brittle &#97&#110&#100 &#108&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97 white fibrous cord of wool-like texture.<br> When dry, the flesh of the cap is colored pale yellow, while the stem's flesh is ocher &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 &#101&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 towards the bottom. It is odorless &#97&#110&#100 &#105&#116&#115 &#102&#108&#97&#118&#111&#114 &#105&#115 mild. The &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#65&#117&#103&#117&#115&#116 to October, frequently &#105&#110 &#103&#114&#101&#103&#97&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#99&#108&#117&#115&#116&#101&#114&#115&#44 &#97&#110&#100 can be &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#105&#110 &#112&#97&#115&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 along roadways, growing on dung that &#104&#97&#115 &#117&#110&#100&#101&#114&#103&#111&#110&#101 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#99&#111&#109&#112&#111&#115&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 &#73&#116 is not a particularly &#114&#97&#114&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#49&#49&#40&#97&#98&#111&#118&#101&#41 &#84&#104&#105&#115 excellent description of Psilocybe semilanceata by Michael & Schulz (1927) is shown &#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#115 &#111&#114&#105&#103&#105&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#112&#117&#98&#108&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 in German, with an English translation. Mycologists spa have been <H2>pictures of magic mushrooms growing in wood chips</H2> reported from the following countries: Finland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, The &#78&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115&#44 &#66&#101&#108&#103&#105&#117&#109&#44 &#70&#114&#97&#110&#99&#101&#44&#13&#10&#82&#117&#115&#115&#105&#97&#44 &#80&#111&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#116&#104&#101 former &#67&#122&#101&#99&#104&#111&#115&#108&#111&#118&#97&#107&#105&#97&#44&#13&#10&#72&#117&#110&#103&#97&#114&#121&#44 &#82&#111&#109&#97&#110&#105&#97&#44 &#83&#99&#111&#116&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 Wales, Italy and Spain.<br> Unfortunately, there are no comprehensive maps detailing &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#39&#115&#13&#10&#100&#105&#115&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#112&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114&#110&#46 &#84&#114&#97&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 mycologists have often neglected relatively tiny species, such as Psilocybe semilanceata, &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#101&#110&#100 &#116&#111 &#115&#104&#97&#114&#101 their habitats with other, more prominent species. The sarcastic &#112&#104&#114&#97&#115&#101 &#34&#84&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114 in abundance wherever mycologists abound" is particularly pertinent in reference to the Psilocybe species. Prior to the discovery of psilocybin, the Psilocybe genus languished in the literature, shrouded in obscurity. &#84&#111 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#100&#97&#121&#44 &#102&#101&#119&#13&#10&#49&#56&#57&#46 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 semilanceata Fr. &#87&#111&#114&#116&#104&#108&#101&#115&#115&#93&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 &#117&#110&#105&#102&#111&#114&#109&#108&#121 conic to bell-shaped, with a pointy or obtuse center forming an almost wart-like protrusion; initially, caps are <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/where+do+magic+mushrooms+grow+naturally.php" title="Where Do Magic Mushrooms Grow Naturally" alt="Where Do Magic Mushrooms Grow Naturally" >Where Do Magic Mushrooms Grow Naturally</a> often taller than they are wide, margins are bent and curved inward; later on, width of cap is 1.5-4 cm. &#72&#121&#103&#114&#111&#112&#104&#97&#110&#111&#117&#115&#59 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/fun+things+to+do+while+on+shrooms/distribution+map+of+amanita+muscaria.php" title="Fun Things To Do While On Shrooms Distribution Map Of Amanita Muscaria" alt="Fun Things To Do While On Shrooms Distribution Map Of Amanita Muscaria" >Fun Things To Do While On Shrooms Distribution Map Of Amanita Muscaria</a> &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#105&#115 &#97 &#100&#105&#114&#116&#121&#105&#115&#104 &#111&#108&#105&#118&#101&#45&#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#119&#104&#101&#110 wet, with translucent striate margins; at the center, coloration &#105&#115 &#111&#99&#104&#101&#114 &#111&#114 &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#105&#115&#104&#45&#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119 against an overall shade of smudgy &#112&#97&#108&#101 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 &#115&#111&#109&#101 greenish stains; only the margins are banded &#98&#121 &#97 &#100&#97&#114&#107&#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100&#44 &#119&#97&#116&#101&#114&#121&#13&#10&#115&#116&#114&#105&#112&#101 around the &#101&#100&#103&#101&#46 &#78&#111 &#115&#116&#114&#105&#112&#101&#115 &#111&#114 banding &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#101 completely dried. Lacking &#97 &#118&#101&#105&#108&#44 &#99&#97&#112&#115 &#97&#114&#101 thin-fleshed, bald, &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97&#110 &#101&#97&#115&#105&#108&#121 &#115&#101&#112&#97&#114&#97&#98&#108&#101 pellicle that remains gelatinous-sticky &#102&#111&#114 &#97 &#108&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#44 turning &#115&#104&#105&#110&#121 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#100&#114&#121&#46&#13&#10&#71&#105&#108&#108&#115 &#97&#114&#101 olive brown to blackish &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 with the edges &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101&#44 &#103&#105&#108&#108 &#115&#112&#97&#99&#105&#110&#103 is quite crowded; gill attachment &#105&#115 &#101&#105&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 &#108&#105&#110&#101&#97&#114 or mostly adnexed; up to &#51&#46&#53 &#109&#109 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#59 &#97&#116&#116&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 at the stem only, fully &#100&#101&#116&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#114&#101 elongated to &#101&#108&#108&#105&#112&#105&#116&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#105&#110 &#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#44 &#115&#109&#111&#111&#116&#104 and large, measuring &#49&#50&#45&#49&#54 &#117&#13&#10&#98&#121 &#54&#45&#56&#44&#117&#46 &#67&#111&#108&#111&#114 of spore dust is blackish purple brown. Stem is very slender, almost uniformly thin &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#108&#119&#97&#121&#115 &#116&#119&#105&#115&#116&#101&#100&#44 &#54&#45&#49&#50 cm long and 1.25-2 mm thick, yellowish or &#119&#104&#105&#116&#105&#115&#104 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#59 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 pressure develop bluishgreen stains. Stems are silky smooth and roughly at the center, cortinate fibrils appear like remnants of a veil, &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#105&#115 &#98&#114&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#97&#110&#100 lined with a white fibrous cord of wool-like texture. When dry, the flesh of the &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100 &#112&#97&#108&#101 yellow, while the stem's flesh is ocher brown &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 &#101&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#116&#111&#119&#97&#114&#100&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#111&#116&#116&#111&#109&#46 &#73&#116 is odorless and its &#102&#108&#97&#118&#111&#114 &#105&#115 &#109&#105&#108&#100&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 grows from August to October, frequently in gregarious clusters, and can be &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#105&#110 &#112&#97&#115&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 along roadways, growing &#111&#110 &#100&#117&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#104&#97&#115 undergone &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#99&#111&#109&#112&#111&#115&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 &#73&#116 &#105&#115 &#110&#111&#116 a particularly rare species. Figure 11(above) This excellent &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#112&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 by Michael & Schulz (1927) is shown here as originally published &#105&#110 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97&#110 English translation. Mycologists spa have been reported <H2>psilocybin USA location</H2> from the following countries: Finland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, The Netherlands, Belgium, France, Russia, Poland, the &#102&#111&#114&#109&#101&#114 &#67&#122&#101&#99&#104&#111&#115&#108&#111&#118&#97&#107&#105&#97&#44&#13&#10&#72&#117&#110&#103&#97&#114&#121&#44 &#82&#111&#109&#97&#110&#105&#97&#44 &#83&#99&#111&#116&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 Wales, Italy and &#83&#112&#97&#105&#110&#46&#13&#10&#85&#110&#102&#111&#114&#116&#117&#110&#97&#116&#101&#108&#121&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#114&#101 &#110&#111 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#114&#101&#104&#101&#110&#115&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#109&#97&#112&#115 detailing the species's distribution pattern. Traditionally, mycologists have often neglected relatively tiny species, such as Psilocybe semilanceata, that tend to share their habitats with other, more prominent species. &#84&#104&#101&#13&#10&#115&#97&#114&#99&#97&#115&#116&#105&#99 &#112&#104&#114&#97&#115&#101 &#34&#84&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 occur in abundance wherever mycologists abound" is particularly pertinent in reference to the Psilocybe species. &#80&#114&#105&#111&#114 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#121 of psilocybin, &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#103&#101&#110&#117&#115 &#108&#97&#110&#103&#117&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 &#105&#110 the literature, shrouded in obscurity. To this day, few 189. Psilocybe semilanceata Fr. &#91&#87&#111&#114&#116&#104&#108&#101&#115&#115&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 &#117&#110&#105&#102&#111&#114&#109&#108&#121 conic &#116&#111 &#98&#101&#108&#108&#45&#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#100&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97 pointy or obtuse &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#97&#110 &#97&#108&#109&#111&#115&#116 &#119&#97&#114&#116&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101 protrusion; initially, caps are often taller than they are wide, margins are bent and &#99&#117&#114&#118&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#119&#97&#114&#100&#59 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#111&#110&#44 &#119&#105&#100&#116&#104 of cap is 1.5-4 cm. Hygrophanous; coloration is a dirtyish olive-brown when wet, with translucent striate margins; at the center, coloration is ocher or &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#105&#115&#104&#45&#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119 &#97&#103&#97&#105&#110&#115&#116 &#97&#110 &#111&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108&#108 shade of smudgy pale yellow &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#105&#115&#104 &#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#59 only the margins &#97&#114&#101 &#98&#97&#110&#100&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#97 darkcolored, watery stripe &#97&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#100&#103&#101&#46 &#78&#111 stripes or banding evident when mushrooms are &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101&#108&#121&#13&#10&#100&#114&#105&#101&#100&#46 &#76&#97&#99&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#97 &#118&#101&#105&#108&#44 caps are thin-fleshed, bald, with an easily separable pellicle &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#115 &#103&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#110&#111&#117&#115&#45&#115&#116&#105&#99&#107&#121 &#102&#111&#114 &#97 long time, turning shiny when dry. Gills are &#111&#108&#105&#118&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 purple brown &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101 edges often remaining white, gill spacing is &#113&#117&#105&#116&#101 &#99&#114&#111&#119&#100&#101&#100&#59 &#103&#105&#108&#108 &#97&#116&#116&#97&#99&#104&#109&#101&#110&#116 is either roughly linear or mostly adnexed; up &#116&#111 &#51&#46&#53 &#109&#109 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#59 attached at the &#115&#116&#101&#109 &#111&#110&#108&#121&#44 &#102&#117&#108&#108&#121 &#100&#101&#116&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 on. Spores are elongated to ellipitical in &#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#44 &#115&#109&#111&#111&#116&#104 &#97&#110&#100 &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101&#44 measuring 12-16 u by 6-8,u.<br> Color of spore dust is blackish purple brown. Stem is &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#115&#108&#101&#110&#100&#101&#114&#44 &#97&#108&#109&#111&#115&#116 &#117&#110&#105&#102&#111&#114&#109&#108&#121 thin and always twisted, 6-12 cm &#108&#111&#110&#103 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#49&#46&#50&#53&#45&#50 &#109&#109 &#116&#104&#105&#99&#107&#44 yellowish or whitish in color; areas subjected to &#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#117&#114&#101 &#100&#101&#118&#101&#108&#111&#112 &#98&#108&#117&#105&#115&#104&#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#13&#10&#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#46 &#83&#116&#101&#109&#115 are silky smooth and roughly at the center, cortinate fibrils appear like remnants of a veil, &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#105&#115 &#98&#114&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#108&#105&#110&#101&#100 with a white fibrous cord of wool-like texture. When dry, the flesh of the cap &#105&#115 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100 &#112&#97&#108&#101 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#44 while &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#101&#109&#39&#115 &#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#111&#99&#104&#101&#114 brown in color, especially towards &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#111&#116&#116&#111&#109&#46 &#73&#116 &#105&#115 odorless and its flavor &#105&#115 &#109&#105&#108&#100&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#115 from August to October, frequently in &#103&#114&#101&#103&#97&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#99&#108&#117&#115&#116&#101&#114&#115&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#97&#110&#13&#10&#98&#101 found in pastures and along roadways, &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#110 &#100&#117&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#97&#116 has undergone complete decomposition. It is not a particularly rare species. Figure 11(above) This excellent description of Psilocybe semilanceata by Michael & Schulz (1927) is &#115&#104&#111&#119&#110 &#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#115 &#111&#114&#105&#103&#105&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121 published in German, with an English translation. Mycologists spa have been &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#114&#105&#101&#115&#58 &#70&#105&#110&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, The Netherlands, Belgium, France, Russia, Poland, &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#101&#114 &#67&#122&#101&#99&#104&#111&#115&#108&#111&#118&#97&#107&#105&#97&#44&#13&#10&#72&#117&#110&#103&#97&#114&#121&#44 &#82&#111&#109&#97&#110&#105&#97&#44 &#83&#99&#111&#116&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#87&#97&#108&#101&#115&#44&#13&#10&#73&#116&#97&#108&#121 and &#83&#112&#97&#105&#110&#46&#13&#10&#85&#110&#102&#111&#114&#116&#117&#110&#97&#116&#101&#108&#121&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#114&#101 &#110&#111 comprehensive maps detailing the &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#39&#115&#13&#10&#100&#105&#115&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#112&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114&#110&#46 &#84&#114&#97&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115&#13&#10&#104&#97&#118&#101 often neglected relatively tiny species, such as Psilocybe semilanceata, that tend to share their habitats &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#109&#111&#114&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#109&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 species.<br> The sarcastic phrase "The mushrooms occur in abundance wherever mycologists &#97&#98&#111&#117&#110&#100&#34 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#112&#101&#114&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 &#105&#110 reference to the Psilocybe species. Prior to the discovery of &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#103&#101&#110&#117&#115 &#108&#97&#110&#103&#117&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 in the literature, shrouded in obscurity. To this day, few 189. Psilocybe semilanceata Fr. &#87&#111&#114&#116&#104&#108&#101&#115&#115&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 &#117&#110&#105&#102&#111&#114&#109&#108&#121 conic &#116&#111 &#98&#101&#108&#108&#45&#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#100&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97 &#112&#111&#105&#110&#116&#121 or &#111&#98&#116&#117&#115&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#97&#110 &#97&#108&#109&#111&#115&#116 wart-like protrusion; initially, caps are often &#116&#97&#108&#108&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#114&#101 wide, margins are bent and curved inward; later on, width of cap is 1.5-4 cm. Hygrophanous; coloration is a dirtyish &#111&#108&#105&#118&#101&#45&#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#119&#101&#116&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 translucent striate &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115&#59 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44&#13&#10&#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#115 ocher &#111&#114 &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#105&#115&#104&#45&#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119 &#97&#103&#97&#105&#110&#115&#116 &#97&#110 overall shade of smudgy pale yellow and oftentimes some greenish stains; only the margins are banded by a darkcolored, watery stripe around &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#100&#103&#101&#46 &#78&#111 &#115&#116&#114&#105&#112&#101&#115 or banding evident when mushrooms &#97&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101&#108&#121&#13&#10&#100&#114&#105&#101&#100&#46 &#76&#97&#99&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#97 veil, &#99&#97&#112&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#105&#110&#45&#102&#108&#101&#115&#104&#101&#100&#44 &#98&#97&#108&#100&#44 with an easily separable &#112&#101&#108&#108&#105&#99&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#115 &#103&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#110&#111&#117&#115&#45&#115&#116&#105&#99&#107&#121 &#102&#111&#114 a long time, turning shiny when dry. Gills are &#111&#108&#105&#118&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 brown in &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#100&#103&#101&#115 often remaining white, gill spacing is quite &#99&#114&#111&#119&#100&#101&#100&#59 &#103&#105&#108&#108 &#97&#116&#116&#97&#99&#104&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#105&#115 either roughly linear &#111&#114&#13&#10&#109&#111&#115&#116&#108&#121 &#97&#100&#110&#101&#120&#101&#100&#59 &#117&#112 &#116&#111 3.5 mm wide; &#97&#116&#116&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#101&#109 only, &#102&#117&#108&#108&#121 &#100&#101&#116&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#114&#101 elongated to ellipitical in shape, smooth and large, measuring 12-16 u by 6-8,u.<br> Color of spore dust is blackish purple &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#116&#101&#109 &#105&#115 &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#115&#108&#101&#110&#100&#101&#114&#44 almost uniformly thin and always twisted, 6-12 cm long &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#49&#46&#50&#53&#45&#50 &#109&#109 &#116&#104&#105&#99&#107&#44 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#115&#104 or whitish in color; areas subjected to pressure develop &#98&#108&#117&#105&#115&#104&#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#13&#10&#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#46 &#83&#116&#101&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#115&#105&#108&#107&#121 smooth and roughly at the center, cortinate fibrils appear like remnants of a veil, which &#105&#115 &#98&#114&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#108&#105&#110&#101&#100 with a white fibrous cord of &#119&#111&#111&#108&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#116&#101&#120&#116&#117&#114&#101&#46&#13&#10&#87&#104&#101&#110 &#100&#114&#121&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 cap is colored pale yellow, while the stem's flesh is ocher brown in color, especially towards the bottom. It is &#111&#100&#111&#114&#108&#101&#115&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#105&#116&#115 &#102&#108&#97&#118&#111&#114 is mild. The &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#65&#117&#103&#117&#115&#116 to October, frequently in gregarious clusters, and can be &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#105&#110 &#112&#97&#115&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 along roadways, &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#110 &#100&#117&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#97&#116 has undergone complete decomposition. It &#105&#115 &#110&#111&#116 &#97 &#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 rare species. Figure &#49&#49&#40&#97&#98&#111&#118&#101&#41 &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#101&#120&#99&#101&#108&#108&#101&#110&#116 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#112&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 Psilocybe semilanceata by &#77&#105&#99&#104&#97&#101&#108 &#38 &#83&#99&#104&#117&#108&#122&#13&#10&#40&#49&#57&#50&#55&#41 &#105&#115 shown here as originally published in German, with an English translation. Mycologists &#115&#112 </p> As they say, ʼTis the season to be pickingʼ, but make It has been suggested by an Australian physician that the general public in Australia, as well as members of its drug using subculture, </p> <p><div align="left"> &#97 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 from the following countries: Finland, &#78&#111&#114&#119&#97&#121&#44&#13&#10&#83&#119&#101&#100&#101&#110&#44 &#68&#101&#110&#109&#97&#114&#107&#44 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#44 &#83&#119&#105&#116&#122&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44&#13&#10&#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#44 The Netherlands, Belgium, France, Russia, Poland, the &#102&#111&#114&#109&#101&#114 &#67&#122&#101&#99&#104&#111&#115&#108&#111&#118&#97&#107&#105&#97&#44&#13&#10&#72&#117&#110&#103&#97&#114&#121&#44 &#82&#111&#109&#97&#110&#105&#97&#44 &#83&#99&#111&#116&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 England, Wales, Italy and Spain. Unfortunately, &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#114&#101 &#110&#111 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#114&#101&#104&#101&#110&#115&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#109&#97&#112&#115 detailing the species's distribution pattern. Traditionally, mycologists have often neglected relatively tiny species, &#115&#117&#99&#104&#13&#10&#97&#115 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#44 &#116&#104&#97&#116 tend &#116&#111 &#115&#104&#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114&#13&#10&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#97&#116&#115 &#119&#105&#116&#104 other, more prominent species. The sarcastic phrase "The mushrooms occur in abundance wherever mycologists abound" is particularly &#112&#101&#114&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 &#105&#110 &#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#116&#111 the Psilocybe species. Prior to the discovery of psilocybin, the Psilocybe genus languished in &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#105&#116&#101&#114&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101&#44&#13&#10&#115&#104&#114&#111&#117&#100&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#111&#98&#115&#99&#117&#114&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#84&#111 this day, few 189. Psilocybe semilanceata Fr. Worthless] The cap is uniformly &#99&#111&#110&#105&#99 &#116&#111 &#98&#101&#108&#108&#45&#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#100&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 a pointy or obtuse center &#102&#111&#114&#109&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#97&#110 &#97&#108&#109&#111&#115&#116 &#119&#97&#114&#116&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#116&#114&#117&#115&#105&#111&#110&#59 initially, caps &#97&#114&#101 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#116&#97&#108&#108&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#114&#101 wide, &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101 &#98&#101&#110&#116 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#117&#114&#118&#101&#100 inward; later on, width of cap &#105&#115 &#49&#46&#53&#45&#52 &#99&#109&#46 &#72&#121&#103&#114&#111&#112&#104&#97&#110&#111&#117&#115&#59 coloration is a dirtyish olive-brown when wet, with translucent striate margins; at the center, coloration is ocher or greenish-yellow against &#97&#110 &#111&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108&#108 &#115&#104&#97&#100&#101 &#111&#102 smudgy pale yellow and oftentimes some &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#105&#115&#104 &#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#59 &#111&#110&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#101 margins are banded by &#97 &#100&#97&#114&#107&#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100&#44 &#119&#97&#116&#101&#114&#121&#13&#10&#115&#116&#114&#105&#112&#101 &#97&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 the edge. No stripes &#111&#114 &#98&#97&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116 &#119&#104&#101&#110 mushrooms are &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101&#108&#121&#13&#10&#100&#114&#105&#101&#100&#46 &#76&#97&#99&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#97 &#118&#101&#105&#108&#44 caps are thin-fleshed, bald, with an easily separable pellicle that remains gelatinous-sticky for a long time, &#116&#117&#114&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#104&#105&#110&#121 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#100&#114&#121&#46&#13&#10&#71&#105&#108&#108&#115 are olive brown to blackish &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 with the edges often remaining white, gill &#115&#112&#97&#99&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#115 &#113&#117&#105&#116&#101 &#99&#114&#111&#119&#100&#101&#100&#59 &#103&#105&#108&#108 attachment &#105&#115 &#101&#105&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 &#108&#105&#110&#101&#97&#114 or mostly adnexed; up to 3.5 mm wide; attached at the stem &#111&#110&#108&#121&#44 &#102&#117&#108&#108&#121 &#100&#101&#116&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 on.<br> Spores &#97&#114&#101 &#101&#108&#111&#110&#103&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#101&#108&#108&#105&#112&#105&#116&#105&#99&#97&#108 in shape, &#115&#109&#111&#111&#116&#104 &#97&#110&#100 &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101&#44 &#109&#101&#97&#115&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 12-16 u by 6-8,u. Color of spore dust &#105&#115 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#116&#101&#109 is &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#115&#108&#101&#110&#100&#101&#114&#44 &#97&#108&#109&#111&#115&#116 &#117&#110&#105&#102&#111&#114&#109&#108&#121 thin and always &#116&#119&#105&#115&#116&#101&#100&#44 &#54&#45&#49&#50 &#99&#109 &#108&#111&#110&#103 and 1.25-2 mm &#116&#104&#105&#99&#107&#44 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#115&#104 &#111&#114 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#105&#115&#104 in color; &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#117&#114&#101 develop bluishgreen stains. Stems are silky smooth and roughly at &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44 &#99&#111&#114&#116&#105&#110&#97&#116&#101 &#102&#105&#98&#114&#105&#108&#115 appear &#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#110&#97&#110&#116&#115 &#111&#102 &#97 &#118&#101&#105&#108&#44 which is brittle and lined with a white fibrous cord of wool-like texture.<br> When dry, the flesh of the cap is colored pale yellow, while the stem's flesh is ocher &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 &#101&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 towards the &#98&#111&#116&#116&#111&#109&#46 &#73&#116 &#105&#115 &#111&#100&#111&#114&#108&#101&#115&#115 and &#105&#116&#115 &#102&#108&#97&#118&#111&#114 &#105&#115 &#109&#105&#108&#100&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 mushroom grows from August to October, frequently &#105&#110 &#103&#114&#101&#103&#97&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#99&#108&#117&#115&#116&#101&#114&#115&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#97&#110&#13&#10&#98&#101 found &#105&#110 &#112&#97&#115&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 roadways, &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#110 &#100&#117&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#104&#97&#115 undergone complete decomposition. It is not a particularly rare species.<br> Figure 11(above) This excellent description of Psilocybe semilanceata by Michael & Schulz (1927) is shown here as originally &#112&#117&#98&#108&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 an &#69&#110&#103&#108&#105&#115&#104 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#13&#10&#77&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#115&#112&#97 &#104&#97&#118&#101 been reported from the &#102&#111&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#114&#105&#101&#115&#58 &#70&#105&#110&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#78&#111&#114&#119&#97&#121&#44&#13&#10&#83&#119&#101&#100&#101&#110&#44 Denmark, Germany, &#83&#119&#105&#116&#122&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44&#13&#10&#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#44 &#84&#104&#101 &#78&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115&#44 &#66&#101&#108&#103&#105&#117&#109&#44 France, Russia, <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/deadlymushroomsthatgrowinmanure.php" title="Deadlymushroomsthatgrowinmanure" alt="Deadlymushroomsthatgrowinmanure" >Deadlymushroomsthatgrowinmanure</a> &#80&#111&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#101&#114 &#67&#122&#101&#99&#104&#111&#115&#108&#111&#118&#97&#107&#105&#97&#44&#13&#10&#72&#117&#110&#103&#97&#114&#121&#44 Romania, Scotland, England, Wales, Italy &#97&#110&#100 &#83&#112&#97&#105&#110&#46&#13&#10&#85&#110&#102&#111&#114&#116&#117&#110&#97&#116&#101&#108&#121&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#114&#101 no comprehensive maps detailing the species's distribution pattern. Traditionally, &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115&#13&#10&#104&#97&#118&#101 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#110&#101&#103&#108&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#108&#121 tiny species, such as &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#44 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#101&#110&#100 to share their habitats with &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#109&#111&#114&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#109&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 The sarcastic phrase "The mushrooms occur &#105&#110&#13&#10&#97&#98&#117&#110&#100&#97&#110&#99&#101 &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101&#118&#101&#114 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#110&#100&#34 is particularly pertinent in reference to the &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#80&#114&#105&#111&#114 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 discovery of &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#103&#101&#110&#117&#115 &#108&#97&#110&#103&#117&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 in the literature, shrouded in obscurity. To this day, &#102&#101&#119&#13&#10&#49&#56&#57&#46 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#70&#114&#46 Worthless] The cap is uniformly conic &#116&#111 &#98&#101&#108&#108&#45&#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#100&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97 pointy &#111&#114 &#111&#98&#116&#117&#115&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#97&#110 &#97&#108&#109&#111&#115&#116 wart-like protrusion; initially, caps &#97&#114&#101 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#116&#97&#108&#108&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#114&#101 wide, &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101 &#98&#101&#110&#116 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#117&#114&#118&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#119&#97&#114&#100&#59 later on, width of &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 &#49&#46&#53&#45&#52 &#99&#109&#46 Hygrophanous; coloration is a dirtyish olive-brown when wet, with &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#117&#99&#101&#110&#116 &#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#116&#101 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115&#59 &#97&#116 the center, coloration is &#111&#99&#104&#101&#114 &#111&#114 &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#105&#115&#104&#45&#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119 &#97&#103&#97&#105&#110&#115&#116 an overall &#115&#104&#97&#100&#101 &#111&#102 &#115&#109&#117&#100&#103&#121 &#112&#97&#108&#101 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119 and oftentimes &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#105&#115&#104 &#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#59 &#111&#110&#108&#121 the margins are banded &#98&#121 &#97 &#100&#97&#114&#107&#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100&#44 &#119&#97&#116&#101&#114&#121&#13&#10&#115&#116&#114&#105&#112&#101 around the edge. No stripes &#111&#114 &#98&#97&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116 &#119&#104&#101&#110 mushrooms are completely dried. &#76&#97&#99&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#97 &#118&#101&#105&#108&#44 &#99&#97&#112&#115 are thin-fleshed, bald, with an easily separable pellicle that remains gelatinous-sticky for a long time, turning shiny when dry. Gills are &#111&#108&#105&#118&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 purple brown in &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#100&#103&#101&#115 often remaining white, gill &#115&#112&#97&#99&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#115 &#113&#117&#105&#116&#101 &#99&#114&#111&#119&#100&#101&#100&#59 gill &#97&#116&#116&#97&#99&#104&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#105&#115 &#101&#105&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 &#108&#105&#110&#101&#97&#114 or mostly adnexed; up to 3.5 &#109&#109 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#59 &#97&#116&#116&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 &#97&#116 the stem only, fully detached &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#101&#108&#111&#110&#103&#97&#116&#101&#100 to ellipitical in shape, smooth &#97&#110&#100 &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101&#44 &#109&#101&#97&#115&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#49&#50&#45&#49&#54 u by 6-8,u. Color of spore dust &#105&#115 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#116&#101&#109 is very slender, almost uniformly thin &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#108&#119&#97&#121&#115 &#116&#119&#105&#115&#116&#101&#100&#44 &#54&#45&#49&#50 cm long &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#49&#46&#50&#53&#45&#50 &#109&#109 &#116&#104&#105&#99&#107&#44 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#115&#104 &#111&#114 whitish in color; &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#117&#114&#101 develop bluishgreen stains.<br> Stems are silky smooth and roughly at the center, cortinate fibrils appear like remnants of a veil, which &#105&#115 &#98&#114&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#108&#105&#110&#101&#100 with a white fibrous cord of wool-like texture. When dry, the &#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#97&#112 is &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100 &#112&#97&#108&#101 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#108&#101 the &#115&#116&#101&#109&#39&#115 &#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#111&#99&#104&#101&#114 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 in color, especially &#116&#111&#119&#97&#114&#100&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#111&#116&#116&#111&#109&#46 &#73&#116 is odorless &#97&#110&#100 &#105&#116&#115 &#102&#108&#97&#118&#111&#114 &#105&#115 mild. The mushroom &#103&#114&#111&#119&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#65&#117&#103&#117&#115&#116 &#116&#111 October, frequently in gregarious &#99&#108&#117&#115&#116&#101&#114&#115&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#97&#110&#13&#10&#98&#101 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 in pastures and along roadways, growing on dung that &#104&#97&#115 &#117&#110&#100&#101&#114&#103&#111&#110&#101 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#99&#111&#109&#112&#111&#115&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 &#73&#116 is not a particularly rare species. Figure 11(above) This excellent &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#112&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 by Michael & Schulz (1927) is shown here as originally published in German, &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97&#110 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#105&#115&#104 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#13&#10&#77&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 spa &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 following countries: Finland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, &#83&#119&#105&#116&#122&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44&#13&#10&#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#44 &#84&#104&#101 &#78&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115&#44 &#66&#101&#108&#103&#105&#117&#109&#44 &#70&#114&#97&#110&#99&#101&#44&#13&#10&#82&#117&#115&#115&#105&#97&#44 Poland, the former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Scotland, England, Wales, Italy and Spain. Unfortunately, there are no comprehensive maps detailing the species's distribution pattern. Traditionally, &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115&#13&#10&#104&#97&#118&#101 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#110&#101&#103&#108&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#108&#121 tiny species, such as Psilocybe &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#44 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#101&#110&#100 &#116&#111 share their habitats with &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#109&#111&#114&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#109&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 The sarcastic phrase "The mushrooms occur in abundance wherever mycologists abound" is particularly pertinent in reference to the Psilocybe species.<br> Prior to the discovery of psilocybin, the Psilocybe genus languished in the &#108&#105&#116&#101&#114&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101&#44&#13&#10&#115&#104&#114&#111&#117&#100&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#111&#98&#115&#99&#117&#114&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#84&#111 this day, few 189. Psilocybe semilanceata Fr. Worthless The cap is uniformly conic to bell-shaped, with a pointy or obtuse center forming an almost wart-like protrusion; &#105&#110&#105&#116&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#99&#97&#112&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 taller than they are wide, margins are bent and curved inward; later on, &#119&#105&#100&#116&#104 &#111&#102 &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 1.5-4 &#99&#109&#46 &#72&#121&#103&#114&#111&#112&#104&#97&#110&#111&#117&#115&#59 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#105&#115 &#97 dirtyish olive-brown when wet, &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#117&#99&#101&#110&#116 &#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#116&#101 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115&#59 &#97&#116 the &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44&#13&#10&#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#115 &#111&#99&#104&#101&#114 &#111&#114 greenish-yellow against &#97&#110 &#111&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108&#108 &#115&#104&#97&#100&#101 &#111&#102 smudgy pale yellow and oftentimes some greenish stains; &#111&#110&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115 &#97&#114&#101 banded by a darkcolored, watery stripe &#97&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#100&#103&#101&#46 &#78&#111 stripes or banding evident when mushrooms &#97&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101&#108&#121&#13&#10&#100&#114&#105&#101&#100&#46 &#76&#97&#99&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#97 veil, &#99&#97&#112&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#105&#110&#45&#102&#108&#101&#115&#104&#101&#100&#44 &#98&#97&#108&#100&#44 with an easily separable pellicle &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#115 &#103&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#110&#111&#117&#115&#45&#115&#116&#105&#99&#107&#121 &#102&#111&#114 &#97 long time, turning shiny when &#100&#114&#121&#46&#13&#10&#71&#105&#108&#108&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#111&#108&#105&#118&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 to blackish purple brown in color, with the edges often remaining white, gill spacing is &#113&#117&#105&#116&#101 &#99&#114&#111&#119&#100&#101&#100&#59 &#103&#105&#108&#108 &#97&#116&#116&#97&#99&#104&#109&#101&#110&#116 is &#101&#105&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 &#108&#105&#110&#101&#97&#114 &#111&#114&#13&#10&#109&#111&#115&#116&#108&#121 &#97&#100&#110&#101&#120&#101&#100&#59 up to 3.5 mm wide; attached &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#101&#109 &#111&#110&#108&#121&#44 fully detached later on. Spores are elongated to ellipitical &#105&#110 &#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#44 &#115&#109&#111&#111&#116&#104 &#97&#110&#100 large, measuring 12-16 u by 6-8,u. Color of &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101 &#100&#117&#115&#116 &#105&#115 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 purple brown. Stem &#105&#115 &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#115&#108&#101&#110&#100&#101&#114&#44 &#97&#108&#109&#111&#115&#116 &#117&#110&#105&#102&#111&#114&#109&#108&#121 thin and always twisted, &#54&#45&#49&#50 &#99&#109 &#108&#111&#110&#103 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#49&#46&#50&#53&#45&#50 mm thick, yellowish or whitish in &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#59 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 pressure develop bluishgreen stains.<br> Stems are silky smooth &#97&#110&#100 &#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 center, cortinate fibrils appear &#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#110&#97&#110&#116&#115 &#111&#102 &#97 &#118&#101&#105&#108&#44 which is <u>mushrooms of mushrooms</u> brittle and lined &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101 &#102&#105&#98&#114&#111&#117&#115 cord &#111&#102 &#119&#111&#111&#108&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#116&#101&#120&#116&#117&#114&#101&#46&#13&#10&#87&#104&#101&#110 &#100&#114&#121&#44 &#116&#104&#101 flesh of &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100 pale yellow, while &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#101&#109&#39&#115 &#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#111&#99&#104&#101&#114 brown in &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 &#101&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#116&#111&#119&#97&#114&#100&#115 &#116&#104&#101 bottom. It is odorless and its flavor is mild.<br> The mushroom grows from August to October, frequently in gregarious clusters, and can be found in pastures and along roadways, growing on dung that has undergone &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#99&#111&#109&#112&#111&#115&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 &#73&#116 &#105&#115 &#110&#111&#116 a particularly rare &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#49&#49&#40&#97&#98&#111&#118&#101&#41 &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#101&#120&#99&#101&#108&#108&#101&#110&#116 description of Psilocybe semilanceata by Michael & Schulz (1927) is shown here as originally published in German, with an English translation.<br> Mycologists spa &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 following countries: Finland, &#78&#111&#114&#119&#97&#121&#44&#13&#10&#83&#119&#101&#100&#101&#110&#44 &#68&#101&#110&#109&#97&#114&#107&#44 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#44 &#83&#119&#105&#116&#122&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44&#13&#10&#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#44 The Netherlands, Belgium, France, Russia, &#80&#111&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#101&#114 &#67&#122&#101&#99&#104&#111&#115&#108&#111&#118&#97&#107&#105&#97&#44&#13&#10&#72&#117&#110&#103&#97&#114&#121&#44 Romania, Scotland, England, Wales, Italy and Spain. Unfortunately, there are no &#99&#111&#109&#112&#114&#101&#104&#101&#110&#115&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#109&#97&#112&#115 &#100&#101&#116&#97&#105&#108&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#39&#115&#13&#10&#100&#105&#115&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 pattern. Traditionally, mycologists have often neglected relatively tiny species, such as Psilocybe semilanceata, that tend to share their habitats with other, more prominent species. The sarcastic phrase "The mushrooms &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#97&#98&#117&#110&#100&#97&#110&#99&#101 &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101&#118&#101&#114 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 abound" is particularly pertinent in reference to the Psilocybe species. &#80&#114&#105&#111&#114 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#121 of psilocybin, the Psilocybe &#103&#101&#110&#117&#115 &#108&#97&#110&#103&#117&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 literature, shrouded in &#111&#98&#115&#99&#117&#114&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#84&#111 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#100&#97&#121&#44 few 189. Psilocybe semilanceata Fr. Worthless The cap is uniformly conic &#116&#111 &#98&#101&#108&#108&#45&#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#100&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97 pointy or &#111&#98&#116&#117&#115&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#97&#110 &#97&#108&#109&#111&#115&#116 &#119&#97&#114&#116&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101 protrusion; initially, caps are often taller than they are wide, margins are &#98&#101&#110&#116 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#117&#114&#118&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#119&#97&#114&#100&#59 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 on, width of &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 &#49&#46&#53&#45&#52 &#99&#109&#46 Hygrophanous; coloration is a dirtyish olive-brown when wet, with translucent striate margins; at the center, coloration is ocher or greenish-yellow against an overall shade of &#115&#109&#117&#100&#103&#121 &#112&#97&#108&#101 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 some greenish stains; only the margins are banded by a darkcolored, watery stripe around the edge. No &#115&#116&#114&#105&#112&#101&#115 &#111&#114 &#98&#97&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116 when mushrooms &#97&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101&#108&#121&#13&#10&#100&#114&#105&#101&#100&#46 &#76&#97&#99&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#97 veil, caps are thin-fleshed, bald, with an easily separable &#112&#101&#108&#108&#105&#99&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#115 &#103&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#110&#111&#117&#115&#45&#115&#116&#105&#99&#107&#121 &#102&#111&#114 &#97 long time, turning shiny when dry. Gills are olive brown &#116&#111 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 in color, with the edges &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101&#44 &#103&#105&#108&#108 &#115&#112&#97&#99&#105&#110&#103 is quite crowded; gill attachment is either &#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 &#108&#105&#110&#101&#97&#114 &#111&#114&#13&#10&#109&#111&#115&#116&#108&#121 &#97&#100&#110&#101&#120&#101&#100&#59 up to 3.5 mm wide; attached at the stem only, fully detached later on. Spores &#97&#114&#101 &#101&#108&#111&#110&#103&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#101&#108&#108&#105&#112&#105&#116&#105&#99&#97&#108 in shape, smooth and large, measuring &#49&#50&#45&#49&#54 &#117&#13&#10&#98&#121 &#54&#45&#56&#44&#117&#46 &#67&#111&#108&#111&#114 &#111&#102 &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101 dust is blackish &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#116&#101&#109 &#105&#115 &#118&#101&#114&#121 slender, &#97&#108&#109&#111&#115&#116 &#117&#110&#105&#102&#111&#114&#109&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#105&#110 &#97&#110&#100 always twisted, 6-12 cm long and 1.25-2 &#109&#109 &#116&#104&#105&#99&#107&#44 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#115&#104 &#111&#114 whitish in &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#59 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#117&#114&#101 develop bluishgreen stains. Stems are silky &#115&#109&#111&#111&#116&#104 &#97&#110&#100 &#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 &#97&#116 the center, cortinate fibrils appear &#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#110&#97&#110&#116&#115 &#111&#102 &#97 &#118&#101&#105&#108&#44 which is &#98&#114&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#108&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#119&#105&#116&#104 a white &#102&#105&#98&#114&#111&#117&#115 &#99&#111&#114&#100 &#111&#102 &#119&#111&#111&#108&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#116&#101&#120&#116&#117&#114&#101&#46&#13&#10&#87&#104&#101&#110 &#100&#114&#121&#44 the flesh of the &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100 &#112&#97&#108&#101 yellow, while &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#101&#109&#39&#115 &#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#111&#99&#104&#101&#114 brown &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 &#101&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#116&#111&#119&#97&#114&#100&#115 the bottom.<br> &#73&#116 &#105&#115 &#111&#100&#111&#114&#108&#101&#115&#115 &#97&#110&#100 its &#102&#108&#97&#118&#111&#114 &#105&#115 &#109&#105&#108&#100&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 grows from August &#116&#111 &#79&#99&#116&#111&#98&#101&#114&#44 &#102&#114&#101&#113&#117&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121 &#105&#110 gregarious &#99&#108&#117&#115&#116&#101&#114&#115&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#97&#110&#13&#10&#98&#101 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 in pastures &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#114&#111&#97&#100&#119&#97&#121&#115&#44 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 on dung that has &#117&#110&#100&#101&#114&#103&#111&#110&#101 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#99&#111&#109&#112&#111&#115&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 &#73&#116 &#105&#115 not a particularly rare species. Figure &#49&#49&#40&#97&#98&#111&#118&#101&#41 &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#101&#120&#99&#101&#108&#108&#101&#110&#116 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#112&#116&#105&#111&#110 of Psilocybe semilanceata by Michael & Schulz (1927) is &#115&#104&#111&#119&#110 &#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#115 &#111&#114&#105&#103&#105&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121 published in &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97&#110 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#105&#115&#104 translation. Mycologists &#115&#112 </div> own cause of death &#97&#110&#100 &#100&#105&#115&#101&#97&#115&#101&#44 &#98&#108&#111&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#115&#116&#111&#109&#97&#99&#104&#115 and insanity. &#66&#101&#108&#105&#101&#102&#115 &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 have survived &#116&#111&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#116 &#100&#97&#121&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#121 &#112&#101&#114&#115&#105&#115&#116&#44 for example,,, as figures of speech, s u c h as the slick Austrian description of &#97 &#115&#111&#99&#105&#101&#116&#97&#108 &#109&#105&#115&#102&#105&#116 &#97&#115 &#115&#111&#109&#101&#111&#110&#101 "who ate those madness-inducing mushrooms.<br>" But, there is &#97&#110&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116&#44&#13&#10&#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 legacy as well. Flesh of the Gods for Devil Worshippers The &#79&#108&#100 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100&#46 &#77&#121&#99&#101&#110&#97&#101&#97&#110 &#99&#105&#118&#105&#108&#105&#122&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#98&#101&#103&#97&#110 with &#97 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#116&#114&#105&#112 &#45&#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 were an &#105&#110&#103&#114&#101&#100&#105&#101&#110&#116 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#97&#109&#98&#114&#111&#115&#105&#97 of Dionysus.<br> Porphyrius, the fourth century Latin poet and contemporary of Emperor Konstantin, knew that magic mushrooms were the children &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#103&#111&#100&#115&#46&#13&#10&#87&#72&#79 &#87&#65&#83 &#84&#72&#69 FIRST MAGICIAN? A quasi-cannibalistic ritual, the <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/psilocybesubcubensis.php" title="Psilocybesubcubensis" alt="Psilocybesubcubensis" >Psilocybesubcubensis</a> act of eating the children of the &#103&#111&#100&#115 &#117&#110&#108&#111&#99&#107&#101&#100 &#111&#110&#101&#39&#115 &#112&#111&#119&#101&#114 to experience the &#116&#114&#117&#108&#121 &#100&#105&#118&#105&#110&#101&#46 &#66&#117&#116 &#110&#111&#116 all mushrooms enable human beings to enter &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#97&#108&#109 &#111&#102 &#100&#105&#118&#105&#110&#101 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#46 This magic power resides &#105&#110 &#111&#110&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 as "fool's mushrooms", which were considered &#112&#111&#105&#115&#111&#110&#111&#117&#115&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#98&#101 the spawn &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#68&#101&#118&#105&#108&#13&#10&#116&#104&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#101 late Middle Ages and well into modern times. The New &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100&#58 &#84&#104&#101 &#65&#122&#116&#101&#99&#115 &#105&#110 Mexico referred to a number of small, inconspicuous mushrooms as teonartacatl, &#111&#114 &#34&#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#71&#111&#100&#115&#46&#34 These sacred mushrooms were &#101&#97&#116&#101&#110&#13&#10&#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#111&#117&#114&#115&#101 &#111&#102 rituals intended to contact the Gods in order &#116&#111 &#108&#101&#97&#114&#110 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#101 world and the realm of the divine. &#84&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#13&#10&#114&#105&#116&#117&#97&#108&#115 &#116&#104&#111&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 spooked &#116&#104&#101 &#67&#97&#116&#104&#111&#108&#105&#99&#13&#10&#83&#112&#97&#110&#105&#97&#114&#100&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 eaters, &#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110&#108&#121&#13&#10&#116&#104&#111&#117&#103&#104&#116 &#111&#102 &#97&#115 &#68&#101&#118&#105&#108 worshippers, were hounded by the Inquisition.<br> Still, all good things survive the tests of time, so the cult of magic mushroom eaters did &#110&#111&#116 &#98&#101&#99&#111&#109&#101 &#101&#120&#116&#105&#110&#99&#116&#46 &#76&#105&#107&#101 mycelia underground, the cult continued to flourish, and at the proper time in recorded history, in &#49&#57&#53&#55&#44&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 fully grown mushroom re-surfaced to draw &#119&#105&#100&#101&#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100 &#112&#117&#98&#108&#105&#99 &#97&#116&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 &#86&#97&#108&#101&#110&#116&#105&#110&#101&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 Gordon Wasson became the heroes of &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#109&#111&#100&#101&#114&#110 &#110&#101&#111&#45&#109&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#105&#99 &#109&#111&#118&#101&#109&#101&#110&#116&#46&#13&#10&#66&#97&#99&#107 &#116&#111 the Old World: The revelations and insights gained from the use of psychoactive mushrooms were so &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#119&#111&#110&#100&#101&#114&#102&#117&#108&#44 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#111&#117&#114 &#110&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 &#34&#102&#111&#111&#108&#39&#115 mushrooms" Effects Of Magic Mushrooms - which were gene ; &#99&#111&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#101&#100&#105&#98&#108&#101 &#45 &#104&#97&#100 to &#98&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#99&#111&#103&#110&#105&#122&#101&#100 &#97&#115 &#99&#108&#111&#115&#101&#108&#121 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#101&#100 to the magic mushrooms of Mexico, the flesh of the Aztec Gods. <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magic+mushroom.php" title="Magic Mushroom" alt="Magic Mushroom" >Magic Mushroom</a> The souls &#111&#102 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#105&#110 Mexico and Germany are essentially made &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#97&#109&#101&#13&#10&#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101&#58 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#46&#13&#10&#74&#111&#99&#104&#101&#110 Gartz has &#109&#97&#100&#101 &#97&#110 &#101&#120&#116&#114&#97&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#97&#114&#121&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#116&#111 the field of mycology by embracing Germany's &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99&#13&#10&#115&#116&#117&#100&#121 and testing of these &#102&#117&#110&#103&#105&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104&#13&#10&#101&#102&#102&#111&#114&#116&#115 &#117&#112&#111&#110 which &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#98&#111&#111&#107 &#105&#115 &#98&#97&#115&#101&#100 require nothing less than a fearless, brave and courageous consciousness, free of &#112&#114&#101&#106&#117&#100&#105&#99&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#111&#98&#105&#97&#46 &#73&#13&#10&#97&#109 &#99&#111&#110&#118&#105&#110&#99&#101&#100 that a researcher's consciousness infused by the spirit of the magic mushroom is capable of far deeper scientific insights than we can ever expect &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#117&#115&#117&#97&#108 &#105&#118&#111&#114&#121 &#116&#111&#119&#101&#114&#13&#10&#97&#99&#97&#100&#101&#109&#105&#99&#115&#44 &#105&#115&#111&#108&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#114&#101&#97&#108&#105&#116&#121 <div align="justify"> a &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 following countries: Finland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, The Netherlands, Belgium, France, Russia, Poland, the former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Scotland, England, Wales, Italy and Spain. Unfortunately, there are &#110&#111 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#114&#101&#104&#101&#110&#115&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#109&#97&#112&#115 &#100&#101&#116&#97&#105&#108&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 species's distribution pattern. Traditionally, mycologists have often neglected relatively tiny species, such as Psilocybe &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#44 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#101&#110&#100 &#116&#111 share their habitats with other, &#109&#111&#114&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#109&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#13&#10&#115&#97&#114&#99&#97&#115&#116&#105&#99 phrase "The &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#97&#98&#117&#110&#100&#97&#110&#99&#101 &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101&#118&#101&#114 mycologists abound" is particularly pertinent in reference to the Psilocybe species.<br> Prior to the &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#121 &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 genus languished in the &#108&#105&#116&#101&#114&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101&#44&#13&#10&#115&#104&#114&#111&#117&#100&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#111&#98&#115&#99&#117&#114&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#84&#111 this day, few 189. Psilocybe semilanceata Fr. Worthless] The &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 &#117&#110&#105&#102&#111&#114&#109&#108&#121 &#99&#111&#110&#105&#99 to &#98&#101&#108&#108&#45&#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#100&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97 &#112&#111&#105&#110&#116&#121 or obtuse center forming an almost wart-like &#112&#114&#111&#116&#114&#117&#115&#105&#111&#110&#59 &#105&#110&#105&#116&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#99&#97&#112&#115 &#97&#114&#101 often &#116&#97&#108&#108&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#114&#101 wide, margins are bent &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#117&#114&#118&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#119&#97&#114&#100&#59 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 on, width of cap is 1.5-4 cm. Hygrophanous; coloration is a dirtyish olive-brown when &#119&#101&#116&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#117&#99&#101&#110&#116 &#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#116&#101 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115&#59 at the center, coloration is ocher or greenish-yellow against an overall shade &#111&#102 &#115&#109&#117&#100&#103&#121 &#112&#97&#108&#101 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119 and oftentimes &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#105&#115&#104 &#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#59 &#111&#110&#108&#121 the margins are banded by a darkcolored, watery stripe around the edge. No stripes or banding &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#101 completely dried. Lacking a veil, caps are thin-fleshed, bald, with an easily &#115&#101&#112&#97&#114&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#112&#101&#108&#108&#105&#99&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#115 &#103&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#110&#111&#117&#115&#45&#115&#116&#105&#99&#107&#121 for a &#108&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#44 &#116&#117&#114&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#104&#105&#110&#121 when dry. Gills are olive brown to &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 color, with the edges often remaining white, gill &#115&#112&#97&#99&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#115 &#113&#117&#105&#116&#101 &#99&#114&#111&#119&#100&#101&#100&#59 gill attachment is either roughly linear &#111&#114&#13&#10&#109&#111&#115&#116&#108&#121 &#97&#100&#110&#101&#120&#101&#100&#59 &#117&#112 &#116&#111 &#51&#46&#53 mm wide; attached at the stem only, fully detached later on.<br> Spores are elongated to ellipitical in shape, smooth and &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101&#44 &#109&#101&#97&#115&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#49&#50&#45&#49&#54 &#117&#13&#10&#98&#121 6-8,u. Color of spore dust is &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#116&#101&#109 &#105&#115 very slender, &#97&#108&#109&#111&#115&#116 &#117&#110&#105&#102&#111&#114&#109&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#105&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#108&#119&#97&#121&#115 twisted, 6-12 cm long &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#49&#46&#50&#53&#45&#50 &#109&#109 &#116&#104&#105&#99&#107&#44 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#115&#104 or whitish in &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#59 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#117&#114&#101 develop bluishgreen stains. Stems &#97&#114&#101 &#115&#105&#108&#107&#121 &#115&#109&#111&#111&#116&#104 &#97&#110&#100 roughly at &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44 &#99&#111&#114&#116&#105&#110&#97&#116&#101 &#102&#105&#98&#114&#105&#108&#115 appear like remnants of a &#118&#101&#105&#108&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#105&#115 &#98&#114&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#97&#110&#100 lined with a &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101 &#102&#105&#98&#114&#111&#117&#115 &#99&#111&#114&#100 &#111&#102 wool-like texture. When dry, the &#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#97&#112 is colored pale yellow, while the &#115&#116&#101&#109&#39&#115 &#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#111&#99&#104&#101&#114 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 in color, especially towards &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#111&#116&#116&#111&#109&#46 &#73&#116 &#105&#115 odorless and its flavor is mild. The mushroom grows &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#65&#117&#103&#117&#115&#116 &#116&#111 &#79&#99&#116&#111&#98&#101&#114&#44 frequently &#105&#110 &#103&#114&#101&#103&#97&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#99&#108&#117&#115&#116&#101&#114&#115&#44 &#97&#110&#100 can be found in pastures and &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#114&#111&#97&#100&#119&#97&#121&#115&#44 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#110 dung &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#104&#97&#115 &#117&#110&#100&#101&#114&#103&#111&#110&#101 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#99&#111&#109&#112&#111&#115&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 It &#105&#115 &#110&#111&#116 &#97 &#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#114&#97&#114&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#49&#49&#40&#97&#98&#111&#118&#101&#41 This excellent description of &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#98&#121 &#77&#105&#99&#104&#97&#101&#108 & Schulz (1927) is shown here as originally published in German, with an English translation. Mycologists spa &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 following countries: Finland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, The Netherlands, Belgium, &#70&#114&#97&#110&#99&#101&#44&#13&#10&#82&#117&#115&#115&#105&#97&#44 &#80&#111&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#101&#114 Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Scotland, England, Wales, Italy and Spain. Unfortunately, &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#114&#101 &#110&#111 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#114&#101&#104&#101&#110&#115&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#109&#97&#112&#115 detailing the species's distribution pattern. Traditionally, mycologists have often neglected relatively tiny species, such as Psilocybe semilanceata, that tend &#116&#111 &#115&#104&#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114&#13&#10&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#97&#116&#115 &#119&#105&#116&#104 other, more prominent species. The sarcastic phrase "The mushrooms occur in abundance wherever mycologists abound" is particularly pertinent in reference to &#116&#104&#101 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#80&#114&#105&#111&#114 &#116&#111 the discovery of psilocybin, the Psilocybe genus languished &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#105&#116&#101&#114&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101&#44&#13&#10&#115&#104&#114&#111&#117&#100&#101&#100 &#105&#110 obscurity. To this day, few 189.<br> &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#70&#114&#46 &#87&#111&#114&#116&#104&#108&#101&#115&#115&#93&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 &#117&#110&#105&#102&#111&#114&#109&#108&#121 conic to bell-shaped, &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97 &#112&#111&#105&#110&#116&#121 &#111&#114 obtuse center forming an almost wart-like protrusion; initially, caps are often taller than they are wide, &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101 &#98&#101&#110&#116 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#117&#114&#118&#101&#100 inward; later on, width of &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 &#49&#46&#53&#45&#52 &#99&#109&#46 Hygrophanous; coloration is &#97 &#100&#105&#114&#116&#121&#105&#115&#104 &#111&#108&#105&#118&#101&#45&#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#119&#104&#101&#110 wet, &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#117&#99&#101&#110&#116 &#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#116&#101 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115&#59 at the &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44&#13&#10&#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#115 &#111&#99&#104&#101&#114 &#111&#114 greenish-yellow against an overall shade of smudgy pale yellow and oftentimes some greenish stains; only the margins are banded by a darkcolored, watery stripe around &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#100&#103&#101&#46 &#78&#111 &#115&#116&#114&#105&#112&#101&#115 &#111&#114 &#98&#97&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103 evident when &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101&#108&#121&#13&#10&#100&#114&#105&#101&#100&#46 &#76&#97&#99&#107&#105&#110&#103 a veil, caps are &#116&#104&#105&#110&#45&#102&#108&#101&#115&#104&#101&#100&#44 &#98&#97&#108&#100&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97&#110 easily separable pellicle that remains gelatinous-sticky for a long time, &#116&#117&#114&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#104&#105&#110&#121 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#100&#114&#121&#46&#13&#10&#71&#105&#108&#108&#115 are olive &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 brown &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 things to do on shrooms &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101 edges often remaining white, gill spacing is quite crowded; &#103&#105&#108&#108 &#97&#116&#116&#97&#99&#104&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#105&#115 &#101&#105&#116&#104&#101&#114 roughly linear &#111&#114&#13&#10&#109&#111&#115&#116&#108&#121 &#97&#100&#110&#101&#120&#101&#100&#59 &#117&#112 &#116&#111 3.5 &#109&#109 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#59 &#97&#116&#116&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 &#97&#116 the &#115&#116&#101&#109 &#111&#110&#108&#121&#44 &#102&#117&#108&#108&#121 &#100&#101&#116&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 later &#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#101&#108&#111&#110&#103&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 ellipitical in &#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#44 &#115&#109&#111&#111&#116&#104 &#97&#110&#100 &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101&#44 measuring 12-16 u by 6-8,u. &#67&#111&#108&#111&#114 &#111&#102 &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101 &#100&#117&#115&#116 is blackish &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#116&#101&#109 &#105&#115 &#118&#101&#114&#121 slender, almost uniformly thin and always twisted, 6-12 &#99&#109 &#108&#111&#110&#103 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#49&#46&#50&#53&#45&#50 &#109&#109 &#116&#104&#105&#99&#107&#44 yellowish or whitish &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#59 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 to pressure develop bluishgreen stains. Stems are silky smooth and roughly at &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44 &#99&#111&#114&#116&#105&#110&#97&#116&#101 &#102&#105&#98&#114&#105&#108&#115 appear &#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#110&#97&#110&#116&#115 &#111&#102 &#97 &#118&#101&#105&#108&#44 which is brittle and lined with a white fibrous cord of wool-like texture. When &#100&#114&#121&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 &#111&#102 the cap is colored &#112&#97&#108&#101 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#101 stem's flesh is ocher brown in color, especially towards &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#111&#116&#116&#111&#109&#46 &#73&#116 &#105&#115 odorless and its flavor is mild. The mushroom grows from August &#116&#111 &#79&#99&#116&#111&#98&#101&#114&#44 &#102&#114&#101&#113&#117&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121 &#105&#110 gregarious clusters, and can be &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#105&#110 &#112&#97&#115&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 along roadways, growing on dung that has undergone complete decomposition.<br> &#73&#116 &#105&#115 &#110&#111&#116 &#97 particularly rare &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#49&#49&#40&#97&#98&#111&#118&#101&#41 &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#101&#120&#99&#101&#108&#108&#101&#110&#116 description of Psilocybe semilanceata by Michael & Schulz (1927) &#105&#115 &#115&#104&#111&#119&#110 &#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#115 originally published in German, with an English &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#13&#10&#77&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#115&#112&#97 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 reported &#102&#114&#111&#109&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#114&#105&#101&#115&#58 &#70&#105&#110&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, &#83&#119&#105&#116&#122&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44&#13&#10&#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#44 &#84&#104&#101 &#78&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115&#44 &#66&#101&#108&#103&#105&#117&#109&#44 France, Russia, Poland, the former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Scotland, England, &#87&#97&#108&#101&#115&#44&#13&#10&#73&#116&#97&#108&#121 &#97&#110&#100 &#83&#112&#97&#105&#110&#46&#13&#10&#85&#110&#102&#111&#114&#116&#117&#110&#97&#116&#101&#108&#121&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 are no comprehensive maps detailing the &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#39&#115&#13&#10&#100&#105&#115&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#112&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114&#110&#46 &#84&#114&#97&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115&#13&#10&#104&#97&#118&#101 often &#110&#101&#103&#108&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#108&#121 &#116&#105&#110&#121 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 such as Psilocybe semilanceata, that tend to share their habitats with other, more prominent species.<br> &#84&#104&#101&#13&#10&#115&#97&#114&#99&#97&#115&#116&#105&#99 &#112&#104&#114&#97&#115&#101 &#34&#84&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114 in abundance wherever mycologists &#97&#98&#111&#117&#110&#100&#34 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#112&#101&#114&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 &#105&#110 reference to the Psilocybe species. Prior &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#121 &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#44 the Psilocybe genus languished in the literature, shrouded in obscurity. To this day, few 189. <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/Psychedelic+Mushrooms+in+pennsylvania/texas+contact+table.php" title="Psychedelic Mushrooms In Pennsylvania Texas Contact Table" alt="Psychedelic Mushrooms In Pennsylvania Texas Contact Table" >Psychedelic Mushrooms In Pennsylvania Texas Contact Table</a> Psilocybe semilanceata Fr. Worthless The cap is uniformly &#99&#111&#110&#105&#99 &#116&#111 &#98&#101&#108&#108&#45&#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#100&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 a &#112&#111&#105&#110&#116&#121 &#111&#114 &#111&#98&#116&#117&#115&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#97&#110 almost wart-like protrusion; initially, caps are often &#116&#97&#108&#108&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#114&#101 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#44 margins are bent and curved inward; &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#111&#110&#44 &#119&#105&#100&#116&#104 &#111&#102 cap &#105&#115 &#49&#46&#53&#45&#52 &#99&#109&#46 &#72&#121&#103&#114&#111&#112&#104&#97&#110&#111&#117&#115&#59 coloration is a dirtyish olive-brown when wet, with &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#117&#99&#101&#110&#116 &#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#116&#101 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115&#59 &#97&#116 the center, coloration is ocher &#111&#114 &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#105&#115&#104&#45&#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119 &#97&#103&#97&#105&#110&#115&#116 &#97&#110 &#111&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108&#108 shade of smudgy pale &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#105&#115&#104 stains; only the margins are banded by a darkcolored, &#119&#97&#116&#101&#114&#121&#13&#10&#115&#116&#114&#105&#112&#101 &#97&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#100&#103&#101&#46 No stripes or banding evident when mushrooms are &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101&#108&#121&#13&#10&#100&#114&#105&#101&#100&#46 &#76&#97&#99&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#97 &#118&#101&#105&#108&#44 caps are thin-fleshed, &#98&#97&#108&#100&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97&#110 &#101&#97&#115&#105&#108&#121 &#115&#101&#112&#97&#114&#97&#98&#108&#101 pellicle that remains &#103&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#110&#111&#117&#115&#45&#115&#116&#105&#99&#107&#121 &#102&#111&#114 &#97 &#108&#111&#110&#103 time, turning shiny when dry.<br> Gills are &#111&#108&#105&#118&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 purple brown in &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#100&#103&#101&#115 often remaining white, gill spacing is quite crowded; gill attachment &#105&#115 &#101&#105&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 &#108&#105&#110&#101&#97&#114 or mostly adnexed; up &#116&#111 &#51&#46&#53 &#109&#109 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#59 attached at the stem only, fully detached later &#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#101&#108&#111&#110&#103&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#101&#108&#108&#105&#112&#105&#116&#105&#99&#97&#108 in shape, &#115&#109&#111&#111&#116&#104 &#97&#110&#100 &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101&#44 &#109&#101&#97&#115&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 12-16 u by 6-8,u.<br> Color of spore dust is blackish purple brown. Stem is very slender, &#97&#108&#109&#111&#115&#116 &#117&#110&#105&#102&#111&#114&#109&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#105&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#108&#119&#97&#121&#115 &#116&#119&#105&#115&#116&#101&#100&#44 6-12 cm long and 1.<br>25-2 mm &#116&#104&#105&#99&#107&#44 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#115&#104 &#111&#114 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#105&#115&#104 in color; areas subjected to pressure develop &#98&#108&#117&#105&#115&#104&#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#13&#10&#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#46 &#83&#116&#101&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#115&#105&#108&#107&#121 smooth and roughly &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44 &#99&#111&#114&#116&#105&#110&#97&#116&#101 fibrils &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#110&#97&#110&#116&#115 &#111&#102 &#97 &#118&#101&#105&#108&#44 which is &#98&#114&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#108&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#119&#105&#116&#104 a white fibrous cord of &#119&#111&#111&#108&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#116&#101&#120&#116&#117&#114&#101&#46&#13&#10&#87&#104&#101&#110 &#100&#114&#121&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 &#111&#102 the cap is colored &#112&#97&#108&#101 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#101 stem's flesh is ocher brown in &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 &#101&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#116&#111&#119&#97&#114&#100&#115 &#116&#104&#101 bottom. It &#105&#115 &#111&#100&#111&#114&#108&#101&#115&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#105&#116&#115 flavor is mild. The mushroom grows from &#65&#117&#103&#117&#115&#116 &#116&#111 &#79&#99&#116&#111&#98&#101&#114&#44 &#102&#114&#101&#113&#117&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121 in gregarious clusters, and &#99&#97&#110&#13&#10&#98&#101 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#105&#110 &#112&#97&#115&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 along roadways, growing on dung that has undergone complete decomposition. &#73&#116 &#105&#115 &#110&#111&#116 &#97 particularly &#114&#97&#114&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#49&#49&#40&#97&#98&#111&#118&#101&#41 &#84&#104&#105&#115 excellent description of Psilocybe semilanceata by Michael &#38 &#83&#99&#104&#117&#108&#122&#13&#10&#40&#49&#57&#50&#55&#41 &#105&#115 &#115&#104&#111&#119&#110 &#104&#101&#114&#101 as &#111&#114&#105&#103&#105&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#112&#117&#98&#108&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97&#110 English translation. Mycologists &#115&#112&#97 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 from the &#102&#111&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#114&#105&#101&#115&#58 &#70&#105&#110&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#78&#111&#114&#119&#97&#121&#44&#13&#10&#83&#119&#101&#100&#101&#110&#44 Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, The Netherlands, Belgium, &#70&#114&#97&#110&#99&#101&#44&#13&#10&#82&#117&#115&#115&#105&#97&#44 &#80&#111&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#101&#114 Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, &#83&#99&#111&#116&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#87&#97&#108&#101&#115&#44&#13&#10&#73&#116&#97&#108&#121 &#97&#110&#100 Spain. Unfortunately, there are &#110&#111 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#114&#101&#104&#101&#110&#115&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#109&#97&#112&#115 &#100&#101&#116&#97&#105&#108&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 species's distribution pattern.<br> Traditionally, mycologists have often &#110&#101&#103&#108&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#108&#121 &#116&#105&#110&#121 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 such as Psilocybe &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#44 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#101&#110&#100 &#116&#111 share their habitats with other, more prominent species. The sarcastic phrase "The mushrooms occur &#105&#110&#13&#10&#97&#98&#117&#110&#100&#97&#110&#99&#101 &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101&#118&#101&#114 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#110&#100&#34 is particularly pertinent in reference to &#116&#104&#101 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#80&#114&#105&#111&#114 &#116&#111 the discovery of psilocybin, the Psilocybe &#103&#101&#110&#117&#115 &#108&#97&#110&#103&#117&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 literature, shrouded in &#111&#98&#115&#99&#117&#114&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#84&#111 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#100&#97&#121&#44 few 189. Psilocybe semilanceata Fr. Worthless The cap is uniformly &#99&#111&#110&#105&#99 &#116&#111 &#98&#101&#108&#108&#45&#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#100&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 a &#112&#111&#105&#110&#116&#121 &#111&#114 &#111&#98&#116&#117&#115&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114 forming an almost wart-like protrusion; initially, caps are often taller than they <u>Shrooms</u> are &#119&#105&#100&#101&#44 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101 &#98&#101&#110&#116 &#97&#110&#100 curved inward; later on, width of cap is 1.5-4 &#99&#109&#46 &#72&#121&#103&#114&#111&#112&#104&#97&#110&#111&#117&#115&#59 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#105&#115 &#97 dirtyish &#111&#108&#105&#118&#101&#45&#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#119&#101&#116&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 translucent striate margins; at the &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44&#13&#10&#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#115 &#111&#99&#104&#101&#114 &#111&#114 greenish-yellow &#97&#103&#97&#105&#110&#115&#116 &#97&#110 &#111&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108&#108 &#115&#104&#97&#100&#101 &#111&#102 smudgy pale yellow and oftentimes some greenish &#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#59 &#111&#110&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115 are banded by a darkcolored, watery stripe around the edge. No stripes or banding evident when &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101&#108&#121&#13&#10&#100&#114&#105&#101&#100&#46 &#76&#97&#99&#107&#105&#110&#103 a veil, caps are thin-fleshed, &#98&#97&#108&#100&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97&#110 &#101&#97&#115&#105&#108&#121 separable pellicle that remains gelatinous-sticky for a long time, &#116&#117&#114&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#104&#105&#110&#121 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#100&#114&#121&#46&#13&#10&#71&#105&#108&#108&#115 are olive brown to blackish purple &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 the edges often remaining white, &#103&#105&#108&#108 &#115&#112&#97&#99&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#115 &#113&#117&#105&#116&#101 crowded; gill &#97&#116&#116&#97&#99&#104&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#105&#115 &#101&#105&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 linear or mostly &#97&#100&#110&#101&#120&#101&#100&#59 &#117&#112 &#116&#111 &#51&#46&#53 &#109&#109 wide; attached at &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#101&#109 &#111&#110&#108&#121&#44 &#102&#117&#108&#108&#121 detached later &#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#101&#108&#111&#110&#103&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#101&#108&#108&#105&#112&#105&#116&#105&#99&#97&#108 in shape, smooth and large, measuring &#49&#50&#45&#49&#54 &#117&#13&#10&#98&#121 &#54&#45&#56&#44&#117&#46 &#67&#111&#108&#111&#114 of spore dust is &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#116&#101&#109 &#105&#115 very slender, almost uniformly &#116&#104&#105&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#108&#119&#97&#121&#115 &#116&#119&#105&#115&#116&#101&#100&#44 6-12 cm long &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#49&#46&#50&#53&#45&#50 &#109&#109 &#116&#104&#105&#99&#107&#44 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#115&#104 &#111&#114 whitish in color; areas subjected to &#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#117&#114&#101 &#100&#101&#118&#101&#108&#111&#112 &#98&#108&#117&#105&#115&#104&#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#13&#10&#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#46 &#83&#116&#101&#109&#115 are silky smooth &#97&#110&#100 &#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 center, cortinate fibrils appear like remnants of a veil, &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#105&#115 &#98&#114&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#97&#110&#100 lined with &#97 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101 &#102&#105&#98&#114&#111&#117&#115 &#99&#111&#114&#100 of wool-like texture.<br> When dry, the flesh of &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100 pale yellow, while the &#115&#116&#101&#109&#39&#115 &#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#111&#99&#104&#101&#114 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 in &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 &#101&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#116&#111&#119&#97&#114&#100&#115 &#116&#104&#101 bottom. It is odorless &#97&#110&#100 &#105&#116&#115 &#102&#108&#97&#118&#111&#114 &#105&#115 &#109&#105&#108&#100&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 mushroom grows from August to October, &#102&#114&#101&#113&#117&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121 &#105&#110 &#103&#114&#101&#103&#97&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#99&#108&#117&#115&#116&#101&#114&#115&#44 and can be found in pastures and &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#114&#111&#97&#100&#119&#97&#121&#115&#44 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#110 dung that has undergone complete decomposition. It is not a &#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#114&#97&#114&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#49&#49&#40&#97&#98&#111&#118&#101&#41 This &#101&#120&#99&#101&#108&#108&#101&#110&#116 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#112&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 semilanceata by Michael & Schulz (1927) is &#115&#104&#111&#119&#110 &#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#115 &#111&#114&#105&#103&#105&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121 published in &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97&#110 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#105&#115&#104 translation. Mycologists sp </div> More than half of Australia's beef cattle can be found in the coastal areas of Queensland and New South Wales; and the 20 to 30 inch (500-750mm) rainfall belt of Queensland, New South Wales and Northern Victoria, generally provide adequate climatic environments for the growth of psilocybian mushrooms, especially after heavy rains. It has been suggested that "Psilocybe cubensis was introduced into Australia accidentally by early settlers along with their livestock." This same spore dispersal mechanism also probably applies to Copelandia cyanescens, Panaeolus subbalteatus and several additional species known to occur in or around the dung of other ruminants. This includes Psilocybe semilanceata and the non-hallucinogenic "haymaker's" mushroom Panaeolina foenisecii. While cattle are raised in all Australian states, as well as in the central lowlands, recreational users have been known to export these psychoptic species to various areas in Australia from areas where they were collected. In the case of New Zealand, hereafter referred to as NZ, cattle are the primary source for Copelandia cyanescens, but the "liberty cap" mushroom Psilocybe semilanceata only grows in the manured soil of four-legged ruminants and not directly from manure (Jansen, Pers. Comm., 1988). The identification section of this guide documents reported locations for more than 1 dozen species of psilocybian mushrooms in Australia and NZ which most likely have been used at one time or another for recreational purposes. by A. Hofmann, Sandoz Pharmaceuticals manufactured about 2 kg (ca. 4.4lbs) of pure psilocybin for scientific research purposes. The results of pharmacological testing soon revealed psilocybin as an alkaloid that was perfectly safe for human subjects under controlled experimental conditions. Despite this evidence, the anti-drug legislative framework of the mid1960s firmly established an "official mycophobia", a misguided, yet entrenched policy that still prevails today and effectively prevents the scientific investigation of promising potential applications for psilocybin and other alkaloids. At the same time, mycological and biochemical research studies have shown that psilocybincontaining mushrooms thrive all over the world and can be found on all continents. These mushrooms are no different from any other mycoflora and must not be excluded from scientific investigation because of their alkaloid content. In addition to overall variations in value systems across cultures, individuals tend to develop their own personal attitudes towards mushrooms in general. Oftentimes, the evolution of specific opinions about mushrooms can be traced back to childhood events, even though such early experiences seldom account for the development of prevailing biases and value systems later in life. I recall an incident from my own childhood, which occurred when I was about five years old. I was playing in a grassy meadow, when a girl pointed to a brown mushroom and earnestly explained that it was inedible and poisonous. While I have never forgotten this encounter, I did grow up to become a devoted mushroom enthusiast. On the other hand, a different childhood event has left me with the vivid memory of discovering a landfill virtually covered with vast numbers of gilled bluing mushrooms and the sense of awe I experienced contemplating this sight. In general, the unusual characteristics of these mushrooms are most likely responsible for strong impressions formed early in life, which then may develop into various attitudes or beliefs later on. An enduring personal interest in psychotropic mushroom species can serve to amplify or diminish mycophobic as well as mycophilic dispositions, depending on the influence of other factors. After all, judgments about the benefit or folly of deliberately altering one's state of consciousness are also colored by individual preferences, biases and opinions. The following chapters are meant to illustrate this diversity of attitudes towards psychotropic mushrooms. Descriptions of planned and involuntary experiments with specific mushroom species offer convincing evidence that the effects of psychoactive mushrooms are open to many possible interpretations. CHAPTER 3 THE CURRENT STATE OF KNOWLEDGE ABOUT EUROPEAN SPECIES Figure 7 - Distribution pattern of Psilocybe cyanescens across Europe and North Africa (according to Krieglsteiner). Black dots indicate approximate locatio Most recreational users of Psilocybe cubensis (when grown in vitro) require a dosage of <p align="justify"> as well. Below &#97&#114&#101&#13&#10&#115&#111&#109&#101 &#101&#120&#99&#101&#114&#112&#116&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#104&#105&#115 research protocols: J.H. (a &#50&#52&#45&#121&#101&#97&#114&#45&#111&#108&#100 &#109&#97&#108&#101&#41 &#105&#110&#103&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100 &#102&#111&#117&#114&#13&#10&#99&#111&#111&#107&#101&#100 mushrooms at &#110&#105&#103&#104&#116&#44 &#97&#102&#116&#101&#114 &#97 &#109&#101&#97&#108 (!), &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101&#110 &#97&#116&#101 &#97&#110&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#114&#101&#101 fresh mushrooms 30 minutes later. &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#119&#97&#115 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magic+mushrooms+that+grow+in+wood+chips.php" title="Magic Mushrooms That Grow In Wood Chips" alt="Magic Mushrooms That Grow In Wood Chips" >Magic Mushrooms That Grow In Wood Chips</a> &#102&#111&#108&#108&#111&#119&#101&#100 &#98&#121 regurgitation, and 45 minutes later, he started to sweat profusely all over his head &#97&#110&#100 &#98&#111&#100&#121&#46 &#72&#105&#115 &#112&#117&#108&#115&#101 rate and breathing were accelerated, but slowed down later &#111&#110&#46 &#72&#101&#13&#10&#108&#97&#105&#100 &#100&#111&#119&#110 &#97&#110&#100 experienced visual hallucinations, which caused him to &#112&#97&#110&#105&#99 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#114&#117&#110 &#97 distance of about 1,200 &#102&#116&#46 &#116&#111 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#117&#108&#116 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#110&#101&#97&#114&#101&#115&#116 &#100&#111&#99&#116&#111&#114&#46 The &#112&#104&#121&#115&#105&#99&#105&#97&#110 &#110&#111&#116&#101&#100 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#108&#121 &#100&#105&#108&#97&#116&#101&#100&#13&#10&#112&#117&#112&#105&#108&#115&#44 and proceeded to have the patient's stomach pumped &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#110 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101&#100 &#108&#97&#120&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#114&#101&#101 &#104&#111&#117&#114&#115 later, the abnormal state had largely subsided; by the &#110&#101&#120&#116 &#109&#111&#114&#110&#105&#110&#103&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#119&#97&#115 no evidence of any other side &#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115&#46&#13&#10&#77&#46&#75&#46 &#40&#97 &#50&#50&#45&#121&#101&#97&#114&#45&#111&#108&#100 &#109&#97&#108&#101&#41 ate just one fresh &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#104&#97&#100 &#110&#111 &#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115 at all. K .Y. (a &#51&#49&#45&#121&#101&#97&#114&#45&#111&#108&#100 &#109&#97&#108&#101&#41 &#97&#116&#101 &#102&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#46 Regurgitation &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114&#114&#101&#100 &#51&#48 &#109&#105&#110&#117&#116&#101&#115&#13&#10&#97&#102&#116&#101&#114 &#105&#110&#103&#101&#115&#116&#105&#111&#110&#44 followed by sweating around &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#104&#101&#97&#100 &#97&#110&#100 &#98&#111&#100&#121&#59 &#104&#105&#115 extremities appeared to be slightly &#112&#97&#114&#97&#108&#121&#122&#101&#100&#46 &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#112&#97&#114&#97&#108&#121&#115&#105&#115 &#112&#101&#114&#115&#105&#115&#116&#101&#100 &#102&#111&#114&#13&#10&#97&#110&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 three hours. During this time, the subject had great &#100&#105&#102&#102&#105&#99&#117&#108&#116&#105&#101&#115 &#104&#97&#110&#100&#108&#105&#110&#103 &#97 &#112&#101&#110 for writing, his mood was depressed and he &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#100&#13&#10&#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#44 &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#97&#115 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#102&#117&#108 lights &#102&#108&#111&#111&#100&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#100&#111&#119&#110 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#107&#121&#46 By the following <b>identifying magic mushrooms</b> morning, all of these effects had dissipated. The fresh fruiting bodies were bitter, a taste that disappeared after the mushrooms had &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#99&#111&#111&#107&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#119&#97&#116&#101&#114&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 above experiments are rather amateurish, and &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#112&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#102 &#114&#101&#115&#117&#108&#116&#115 are heavily influenced by a &#115&#105&#109&#112&#108&#105&#115&#116&#105&#99 &#112&#101&#114&#115&#112&#101&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#97&#115&#115&#117&#109&#101&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 the <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/shroomseveryday.php" title="Shroomseveryday" alt="Shroomseveryday" >Shroomseveryday</a> mushrooms's pharmacological effects proceed along a single, narrow track.<br> Still, these accounts demonstrate that comparable dosages of Japanese mushroom species have &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 &#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115 &#115&#105&#109&#105&#108&#97&#114 &#116&#111 those caused by Psilocybe &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#111&#110 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116&#115&#46&#13&#10&#77&#117&#99&#104 work still remains &#116&#111 &#98&#101 &#100&#111&#110&#101 &#105&#110 the areas of phytochemistry &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#97&#120&#111&#110&#111&#109&#121 &#98&#101&#102&#111&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#98&#111&#100&#121 of knowledge &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#105&#110 Japan can grow to become &#97&#100&#101&#113&#117&#97&#116&#101&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#103&#101&#111&#103&#114&#97&#112&#104&#105&#99 &#100&#105&#115&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#97&#110&#100 ingredients of the Japanese Panaeolus species must also be studied further. For instance, Panaeolus subbalteatus is one of &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#97&#114&#101 growing &#111&#110 &#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108&#13&#10&#74&#97&#112&#97&#110&#101&#115&#101 &#105&#115&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115 &#116&#111&#100&#97&#121&#46&#13&#10&#67&#72&#65&#80&#84&#69&#82 7.6 INTOXICATIONS &#65&#78&#68 &#84&#72&#69 &#79&#76&#68&#69&#83&#84 &#75&#78&#79&#87&#78&#13&#10&#77&#85&#83&#72&#82&#79&#79&#77 CULT IN AFRICA So far, the mycoflora of &#116&#104&#101 &#65&#102&#114&#105&#99&#97&#110&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 &#104&#97&#115 &#98&#101&#101&#110 studied only peripherally and remains largely unknown. During the late 1980s, Italian mycologist G. Samorini and Terence McKenna, working &#105&#110&#100&#101&#112&#101&#110&#100&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121&#44 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#99&#101&#13&#10&#102&#111&#114 &#116&#104&#101 oldest known mushroom cult in Africa. Their discoveries were &#110&#111&#116 &#106&#117&#115&#116 &#115&#101&#110&#115&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108&#44 &#98&#117&#116&#13&#10&#109&#111&#115&#116 &#115&#117&#114&#112&#114&#105&#115&#105&#110&#103 as &#119&#101&#108&#108&#46 &#79&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 hand, it really shouldn't come &#97&#115 &#97 &#115&#117&#114&#112&#114&#105&#115&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116 the oldest traces of &#104&#117&#109&#97&#110 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#97&#99&#116 Rhizomorphs P. Cubesis &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 were found on the very continent known &#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#114&#97&#100&#108&#101 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#104&#117&#109&#97&#110&#105&#116&#121&#46&#13&#10&#49&#48&#44&#48&#48&#48 Years Old From 9,000 to </p> </p> <p>More than half of Australia's beef cattle can be found in the coastal areas of Queensland and New South Wales; and the 20 to 30 inch (500-750mm) rainfall belt of Queensland, New South Wales and Northern Victoria, generally provide adequate climatic environments for the growth of psilocybian mushrooms, especially after heavy rains. It has been suggested that "Psilocybe cubensis was introduced into Australia accidentally by early settlers along with their livestock." This same spore dispersal mechanism also probably applies to Copelandia cyanescens, Panaeolus subbalteatus and several additional species known to occur in or around the dung of other ruminants. This includes Psilocybe semilanceata and the non-hallucinogenic "haymaker's" mushroom Panaeolina foenisecii. While cattle are raised in all Australian states, as well as in the central lowlands, recreational users have been known to export these psychoptic species to various areas in Australia from areas where they were collected. In the case of New Zealand, hereafter referred to as NZ, cattle are the primary source for Copelandia cyanescens, but the "liberty cap" mushroom Psilocybe semilanceata only grows in the manured soil of four-legged ruminants and not directly from manure (Jansen, Pers. Comm., 1988). The identification section of this guide documents reported locations for more than 1 dozen species of psilocybian mushrooms in Australia and NZ which most likely have been used at one time or another for recreational purposes. INTRODUCTION Mind-altering (psilocybine containing) mushrooms have been traditionally used in religious healing and curing ceremonies by native peoples in Mesoamerica for more than 3,000 years. Today, the recreational use of hallucinogenic fungi by Westerners is widespread, especially in various regions of the United States, Canada, Mexico, Caribbean, Great Britain, Europe (especially in the Netherlands), Scandinavia, South America, Southeast Asia, India, Bali, Samoa; Australia and New Zealand. The modern, non-traditional use of hallucinogenic mushrooms has been stimulated, by media reports in newspapers, magazines, word-of-mouth communication, the World Wide Web and Internet, and also by the scholarly and popular journal publications of the renown ethnomycologist R. Gordon Wasson, (Harvard psychologist Timothy Leary, traveler Jeremy Sanford, health guru Andrew Weil, and others (see Allen , Merlin &Jansen, 1991).This field guide reviews the history of both the accidental and purposeful use of psychoactive mushrooms in Australia and New Zealand. Information in this guide has been gathered from personal experiences in Australia by the author and from reports in the scientific literature, news items appearing in the popular press, and personal communications with Australian and New Zealand (NZ) professionals (Unsigned 1970; O'Neill, 1986). <p align="center"> The <H3>growing magic mushrooms</H3> first livestock <b>growing magic mushrooms</b> to <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/euphoric+mushrooms/marijuana+myspace+contact+tables/" title="Euphoric Mushrooms Marijuana Myspace Contact Tables" alt="Euphoric Mushrooms Marijuana Myspace Contact Tables" >Euphoric Mushrooms Marijuana Myspace Contact Tables</a> arrive <u>easy magic mushroom growing kit</u> <b>growing magic mushrooms</b> in <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/summertime+myspace+contact+tables/" title="Summertime Myspace Contact Tables" alt="Summertime Myspace Contact Tables" >Summertime Myspace Contact Tables</a> &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#116 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 <i>seattle cyanescens</i> Cape of Good Hope in </p> INTRODUCTION Mind-altering (psilocybine containing) mushrooms have been traditionally used in religious healing and curing ceremonies by native peoples in Mesoamerica for more than 3,000 years. Today, the recreational use of hallucinogenic fungi by Westerners is widespread, especially in various regions of the United States, Canada, Mexico, Caribbean, Great Britain, Europe (especially in the Netherlands), Scandinavia, South America, Southeast Asia, India, Bali, Samoa; Australia and New Zealand. The modern, non-traditional use of hallucinogenic mushrooms has been stimulated, by media reports in newspapers, magazines, word-of-mouth communication, the World Wide Web and Internet, and also by the scholarly and popular journal publications of the renown ethnomycologist R. Gordon Wasson, (Harvard psychologist Timothy Leary, traveler Jeremy Sanford, health guru Andrew Weil, and others (see Allen , Merlin &Jansen, 1991).This field guide reviews the history of both the accidental and purposeful use of psychoactive mushrooms in Australia and New Zealand. Information in this guide has been gathered from personal experiences in Australia by the author and from reports in the scientific literature, news items appearing in the popular press, and personal communications with Australian and New Zealand (NZ) professionals (Unsigned 1970; O'Neill, 1986). Macroscopically, it is extremely difficult to distinguish from Psilocybe semilanceata. Unlike the latter species, however, Psilocybe pelliculosa will grow in forests on wood chips and sawdust. Beug and Bigwood were able to furnish analytical proof in support of the claim that Psilocybe pelliculosa is weaker in its psychotropic effects than comparable species. Psilocybe pelliculosa contains about 30-50% of the amount of psilocybin found in Psilocybe cyanescens (slang names: Blue wavy, Cyan, Grandote), a species common across the Pacific Northwest. It fruits primarily in parks, forming partial fairy rings. This species did not become popular among users until the mid-1970s. species still fruits most abundantly in the fall. A New Psychoactive Mushroom Mushroom Trips as a Popular Sport Several additional Psilocybe species have been found in the Pacific Northwest, even though the taxonomic classification of most of these species remains inadequate, despite the fact that monographs such as those by P. Stamets offer quite detailed descriptions of the psychotropic mycoflora. In the mid-1970s, Guzman and Ott reported a rather spectacular event concerning the spread of a "new" mushroom species. During the fall of 1972, large numbers of a strongly bluing gilled mushroom with a distinct ring pattern were found at the University of Washington in Seattle. The fruiting bodies were found growing on bark mulch, which came from a central distribution point and which had been spread widely across the campus by gardeners. Due to the bluing reaction, students at the university assumed that the mushroom contained psilocybin, a belief that was confirmed later on. The sudden appearance of massive numbers of fruiting bodies quickly inspired students at the university to use the mushrooms as a hallucinogen. In my opinion, it is still uncertain if the mushroom really appeared spontaneously, or whether it fruited on bark debris simply because the substance had previously been mixed with spawn derived from fruiting bodies that originated elsewhere. In any case, in 1976, the mushrooms were named Psilocybe stuntzii Guzman & Ott (slang name: "blue veil" or "stuntzees", (see Figures 54 and 71). Today, the species can be found growing on bark and on lawns in parks, on golf courses, football fields and gardens in numbers so large that it is considered the second most important species in terms of usage, after Psilocybe semilanceata. In addition, Panaeolus subbalteatus is another regionally important mushroom species (slang name: "red cap"), even though its users believe it to be slightly more poisonous than the Psilocybe species. Still, the mushroom is used quite frequently, because it begins to fruit during the spring. The Psilocybe species, on the other hand, do not appear until fall and continue to grow into early winter, when temperatures consistently drop below freezing, which inhibits further fruiting of the spe , and who &#103&#111&#114&#103&#101&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101&#109&#115&#101&#108&#118&#101&#115 &#111&#110 &#111&#117&#114 &#116&#97&#120 dollars. I &#109&#101&#116 &#74&#111&#99&#104&#101&#110 &#71&#97&#114&#116&#122 &#115&#104&#111&#114&#116&#108&#121 after the &#102&#97&#108&#108 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#66&#101&#114&#108&#105&#110 &#87&#97&#108&#108 at the &#116&#104&#105&#114&#100 &#115&#121&#109&#112&#111&#115&#105&#117&#109 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 College for the Study of Consciousness (ECSC) in Freiburg, Germany. Our encounter &#119&#97&#115&#13&#10&#109&#121 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#97&#99&#116 &#119&#105&#116&#104 a &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104&#101&#114 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#101&#114&#13&#10&#69&#97&#115&#116 Germany. &#74&#111&#99&#104&#101&#110 &#71&#97&#114&#116&#122&#39&#115 &#101&#110&#116&#104&#117&#115&#105&#97&#115&#116&#105&#99 &#108&#101&#99&#116&#117&#114&#101&#13&#10&#119&#97&#115 a truly consciousnessexpanding event, his words breaking down traditional borders and crossing over into &#110&#101&#119 &#116&#101&#114&#114&#105&#116&#111&#114&#121&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#115&#112&#111&#107&#101 through him &#45 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#110&#111 &#116&#114&#97&#99&#101 of dogma or &#105&#100&#101&#111&#108&#111&#103&#121 &#45 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#116&#114&#97&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110 of true anarchy that is the hallmark of mushroom magic. What I heard &#119&#97&#115 &#117&#110&#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#97&#98&#108&#101&#46&#13&#10&#74&#111&#99&#104&#101&#110 &#115&#112&#111&#107&#101 &#111&#102 a &#34&#110&#101&#119&#34 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#101&#100&#101&#108&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 &#105&#116&#115 &#109&#105&#103&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 The &#109&#121&#99&#101&#108&#105&#97 &#104&#97&#100 &#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#99&#101&#110&#116&#114&#105&#99 circles outward from Leipzig, jumping all political borders.<br> &#70&#105&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#121&#99&#101&#108&#105&#97&#13&#10&#114&#101&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 West &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110 &#115&#111&#105&#108&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#104&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#66&#101&#114&#108&#105&#110 Wall crumbled. Could there possibly &#98&#101 &#97 &#99&#111&#110&#110&#101&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#98&#101&#116&#119&#101&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 evolution &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 and the evolution of our consciousness? Could a mushroom have contributed to the resolution of our political conflicts? In the past, politicians, even &#112&#111&#112&#101&#115&#44 &#104&#97&#100&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#111&#119&#110 &#106&#101&#115&#116&#101&#114&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#105&#97&#110&#115&#44 who &#102&#117&#110&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110&#101&#100 &#97&#115&#13&#10&#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#117&#114&#101 &#114&#101&#108&#101&#97&#115&#101 &#118&#97&#108&#118&#101&#115 in the machinations of political &#112&#111&#119&#101&#114 &#115&#116&#114&#117&#103&#103&#108&#101&#115&#46 &#73&#116 &#105&#115 <b>liberty caps shrooms</b> &#111&#98&#118&#105&#111&#117&#115 that a country whose chancellor &#105&#115 &#98&#101&#105&#110&#103 &#112&#101&#108&#116&#101&#100 &#119&#105&#116&#104&#13&#10&#101&#103&#103&#115&#44 urgently &#110&#101&#101&#100&#115 &#97 &#110&#101&#119 &#98&#114&#101&#101&#100 of magician who are &#97&#98&#108&#101 &#116&#111 &#114&#101&#97&#100&#106&#117&#115&#116 &#114&#101&#97&#108&#105&#116&#121&#46 But today, no &#97&#115&#112&#105&#114&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#105&#97&#110 &#115&#104&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#103&#111 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 this &#116&#97&#115&#107 &#119&#105&#116&#104&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#105&#115&#13&#10&#98&#111&#111&#107 &#97&#115 a guide for the wondrous journey &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#97&#108&#109 &#111&#102 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 mushrooms. Christian Rdtsch Figure 5 - "Anthropomorphic Beings Engaged in &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/how+to+grow+psilocybe+cubensis+in+dung.php" title="DUNG PSILOCYBE PSILOCYBE IN IN PSILOCYBE TO" alt="DUNG PSILOCYBE PSILOCYBE IN IN PSILOCYBE TO" >DUNG PSILOCYBE PSILOCYBE IN IN PSILOCYBE TO</a> &#68&#97&#110&#99&#101&#34&#13&#10&#49&#48&#44&#48&#48&#48&#45&#121&#101&#97&#114&#45&#111&#108&#100 &#114&#111&#99&#107 &#100&#114&#97&#119&#105&#110&#103 in Tassili, Sahara (Algeria) CHAPTER 1 I BELIEVE THE TIME HAS &#67&#79&#77&#69 &#70&#79&#82 &#65 &#67&#79&#77&#80&#82&#69&#72&#69&#78&#83&#73&#86&#69 REVIEW OF NEW FINDINGS FROM THE FIELDS &#79&#70 &#77&#89&#67&#79&#76&#79&#71&#89&#44 &#84&#65&#88&#79&#78&#79&#77&#89 &#65&#78&#68 NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY When R.G. Wasson, R. Heim and A. Hofmann began their interdisciplinary &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104&#13&#10&#112&#114&#111&#103&#114&#97&#109 &#116&#111 &#115&#116&#117&#100&#121 &#116&#104&#101 Mexican species of mushrooms and their &#117&#115&#97&#103&#101 &#105&#110 &#77&#101&#120&#105&#99&#97&#110&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#115&#44 their efforts &#99&#117&#108&#109&#105&#110&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#97&#13&#10&#49&#57&#53&#56 &#108&#97&#110&#100&#109&#97&#114&#107 report that described the isolation, molecular &#115&#116&#114&#117&#99&#116&#117&#114&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#115&#121&#110&#116&#104&#101&#115&#105&#115 &#111&#102 the mushrooms' active ingredients: psilocybin and psilocin. Several years later, these substances were also identified in a &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#44 Psilocybe semilanceata, which became the first &#105&#110 &#97 &#115&#101&#114&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#102 newly discovered species. Since then, psychoactive &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#13&#10&#104&#97&#118&#101 been reported with increasing frequency. As part of my analytical work dedicated to the identification of naturally occurring chemicals, I had the good fortune to be part of a research team that studied &#97&#108&#107&#97&#108&#111&#105&#100&#115 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#105&#110 &#97&#13&#10&#118&#97&#114&#105&#101&#116&#121 of mushroom species.<br> Now I &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#116&#105&#109&#101 &#104&#97&#115 &#99&#111&#109&#101 for <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magic+mushrooms+in+western+washington+pictures.php" title="Magic Mushrooms In Western Washington Pictures" alt="Magic Mushrooms In Western Washington Pictures" >Magic Mushrooms In Western Washington Pictures</a> a comprehensive &#114&#101&#118&#105&#101&#119 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#110&#101&#119 &#102&#105&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 fields of mycology, taxonomy &#97&#110&#100 &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108 &#112&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#116&#115 &#99&#104&#101&#109&#105&#115&#116&#114&#121&#46&#13&#10&#87&#97&#115&#115&#111&#110 and his successors have &#97&#108&#114&#101&#97&#100&#121 &#112&#114&#111&#118&#105&#100&#101&#100&#13&#10&#100&#101&#116&#97&#105&#108&#101&#100 &#97&#99&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#115 &#112&#101&#114&#116&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 history and study &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#77&#101 There are more than 1 dozen species of "magic mushrooms" in Australia and New </p> </div> <div id="footer"> <div class="left"> <a href="/About.html" class="doNotPrint">Gallery</a><br /> <a href="/Forum.html" class="doNotPrint">About</a> </div> <br class="doNotDisplay doNotPrint" /> <div class="right"> copyright © 2006 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/whichmushroomsgrowoncowdung.php" title="Whichmushroomsgrowoncowdung" alt="Whichmushroomsgrowoncowdung" >Whichmushroomsgrowoncowdung</a><br /> design by <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/kansas+compost+shrooms.php" title="Kansas Compost Shrooms" alt="Kansas Compost Shrooms" >Kansas Compost Shrooms</a> </div></div> </body>