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Psilocybe"</h1> <p><img border="3" src="/images/Magic-Mushroom.jpg" alt=" Psilocybinmushroomsgrowingkitsoldtocanada"> <p align="left"> , and who gorge themselves on &#111&#117&#114 &#116&#97&#120 &#100&#111&#108&#108&#97&#114&#115&#46&#13&#10&#73 &#109&#101&#116 &#74&#111&#99&#104&#101&#110 prevent mushrooms on cattle dung &#71&#97&#114&#116&#122 shortly &#97&#102&#116&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#97&#108&#108 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 Berlin &#87&#97&#108&#108 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#116&#104&#105&#114&#100 symposium of the European College for &#116&#104&#101 &#83&#116&#117&#100&#121 &#111&#102 &#67&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#13&#10&#40&#69&#67&#83&#67&#41 in &#70&#114&#101&#105&#98&#117&#114&#103&#44 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#46 &#79&#117&#114 &#101&#110&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#101&#114 was my first contact with &#97 &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104&#101&#114 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 former East Germany. Jochen Gartz's enthusiastic lecture was a truly &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#101&#120&#112&#97&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#101&#118&#101&#110&#116&#44 &#104&#105&#115&#13&#10&#119&#111&#114&#100&#115 &#98&#114&#101&#97&#107&#105&#110&#103 down &#116&#114&#97&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#98&#111&#114&#100&#101&#114&#115 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#99&#114&#111&#115&#115&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#118&#101&#114 into new territory. The magic mushrooms spoke &#116&#104&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104 &#104&#105&#109 &#45 &#119&#105&#116&#104 no &#116&#114&#97&#99&#101 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#100&#111&#103&#109&#97 &#111&#114 &#105&#100&#101&#111&#108&#111&#103&#121 &#45 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#116&#114&#97&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110 of true &#97&#110&#97&#114&#99&#104&#121 &#116&#104&#97&#116 <H3> prevent mushrooms on cattle dung</H3> &#105&#115 &#116&#104&#101 hallmark &#111&#102&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#46 &#87&#104&#97&#116 &#73 &#104&#101&#97&#114&#100 was &#117&#110&#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#97&#98&#108&#101&#46&#13&#10&#74&#111&#99&#104&#101&#110 &#115&#112&#111&#107&#101 &#111&#102 &#97 "new" &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#101&#100&#101&#108&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 &#105&#116&#115 &#109&#105&#103&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 The mycelia had spread in concentric circles outward from &#76&#101&#105&#112&#122&#105&#103&#44 &#106&#117&#109&#112&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#97&#108&#108 &#112&#111&#108&#105&#116&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#98&#111&#114&#100&#101&#114&#115&#46 Finally, &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#121&#99&#101&#108&#105&#97&#13&#10&#114&#101&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 &#87&#101&#115&#116 German soil, the hated Berlin Wall crumbled. Could there possibly be <u>semilanceata northeastern semilanceata northeastern US</u> a &#99&#111&#110&#110&#101&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#98&#101&#116&#119&#101&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#118&#111&#108&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 the magic &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#101&#118&#111&#108&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 our consciousness? Could a mushroom have contributed to the resolution &#111&#102&#13&#10&#111&#117&#114 &#112&#111&#108&#105&#116&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#99&#111&#110&#102&#108&#105&#99&#116&#115&#63&#13&#10&#73&#110 &#116&#104&#101 past, politicians, &#101&#118&#101&#110 &#112&#111&#112&#101&#115&#44 &#104&#97&#100&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#111&#119&#110 &#106&#101&#115&#116&#101&#114&#115 and magicians, who functioned as pressure release valves in the machinations &#111&#102&#13&#10&#112&#111&#108&#105&#116&#105&#99&#97&#108 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/mush+rocks+grow+kit.asp" title="Rocks Grow Kit Grow" alt="Rocks Grow Kit Grow" >Rocks Grow Kit Grow</a> &#112&#111&#119&#101&#114 &#115&#116&#114&#117&#103&#103&#108&#101&#115&#46 &#73&#116 is obvious &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#97&#13&#10&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#114&#121 &#119&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#99&#104&#97&#110&#99&#101&#108&#108&#111&#114 &#105&#115 &#98&#101&#105&#110&#103 pelted with eggs, &#117&#114&#103&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121 &#110&#101&#101&#100&#115 &#97 &#110&#101&#119 breed of magician &#119&#104&#111&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101 &#97&#98&#108&#101 &#116&#111 &#114&#101&#97&#100&#106&#117&#115&#116 reality. But &#116&#111&#100&#97&#121&#44 &#110&#111 &#97&#115&#112&#105&#114&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#105&#97&#110 &#115&#104&#111&#117&#108&#100 go about this &#116&#97&#115&#107 &#119&#105&#116&#104&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#105&#115&#13&#10&#98&#111&#111&#107 &#97&#115 a guide for the wondrous journey &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#97&#108&#109 &#111&#102 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 mushrooms. Christian Rdtsch Figure 5 - "Anthropomorphic Beings Engaged in Mushroom &#68&#97&#110&#99&#101&#34&#13&#10&#49&#48&#44&#48&#48&#48&#45&#121&#101&#97&#114&#45&#111&#108&#100 &#114&#111&#99&#107 &#100&#114&#97&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#110 &#84&#97&#115&#115&#105&#108&#105&#44 Sahara (Algeria) CHAPTER 1 I BELIEVE THE TIME HAS COME FOR A COMPREHENSIVE &#82&#69&#86&#73&#69&#87 &#79&#70 &#78&#69&#87&#13&#10&#70&#73&#78&#68&#73&#78&#71&#83 &#70&#82&#79&#77 THE FIELDS &#79&#70 &#77&#89&#67&#79&#76&#79&#71&#89&#44 &#84&#65&#88&#79&#78&#79&#77&#89 &#65&#78&#68 NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY When R.G. Wasson, R. Heim &#97&#110&#100 &#65&#46&#13&#10&#72&#111&#102&#109&#97&#110&#110 &#98&#101&#103&#97&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 interdisciplinary &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104&#13&#10&#112&#114&#111&#103&#114&#97&#109 &#116&#111 &#115&#116&#117&#100&#121 &#116&#104&#101 &#77&#101&#120&#105&#99&#97&#110 species of mushrooms and &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#117&#115&#97&#103&#101 &#105&#110 &#77&#101&#120&#105&#99&#97&#110&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 cults, their efforts &#99&#117&#108&#109&#105&#110&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#97&#13&#10&#49&#57&#53&#56 &#108&#97&#110&#100&#109&#97&#114&#107 report &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#105&#115&#111&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#44&#13&#10&#109&#111&#108&#101&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114 structure and &#115&#121&#110&#116&#104&#101&#115&#105&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#39 &#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 ingredients: psilocybin and psilocin.<br> Several &#121&#101&#97&#114&#115 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101&#115&#13&#10&#119&#101&#114&#101 also identified in &#97 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 in Europe, &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#98&#101&#99&#97&#109&#101 the first in a series of newly discovered species. Since then, psychoactive &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#13&#10&#104&#97&#118&#101 been reported with increasing frequency. As part of my analytical &#119&#111&#114&#107 &#100&#101&#100&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101&#100&#13&#10&#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#105&#100&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 of naturally occurring chemicals, I had the good fortune to be part of a research &#116&#101&#97&#109 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#115&#116&#117&#100&#105&#101&#100 &#97&#108&#107&#97&#108&#111&#105&#100&#115 found in a variety of mushroom species. &#78&#111&#119 &#73 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#116&#105&#109&#101 has come for a <u> mushroons in cow compost</u> comprehensive review of new &#102&#105&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#101&#108&#100&#115 &#111&#102 mycology, taxonomy and natural products chemistry.<br> Wasson and his successors have already provided detailed accounts pertaining &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#104&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#121 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#115&#116&#117&#100&#121 of the Me </p> <p align="left"> own cause of death and disease, &#98&#108&#111&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#115&#116&#111&#109&#97&#99&#104&#115 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#105&#110&#115&#97&#110&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#66&#101&#108&#105&#101&#102&#115 such as &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#115&#117&#114&#118&#105&#118&#101&#100 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 present day. &#84&#104&#101&#121 &#112&#101&#114&#115&#105&#115&#116&#44 &#102&#111&#114 &#101&#120&#97&#109&#112&#108&#101&#44&#44&#44 as figures of speech, s u c h as the slick Austrian description of a societal misfit as someone "who ate those madness-inducing &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#46&#34&#13&#10&#66&#117&#116&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#105&#115 &#97&#110&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#118&#101&#114&#121 different, magic &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#108&#101&#103&#97&#99&#121 &#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108&#46&#13&#10&#70&#108&#101&#115&#104 &#111&#102 the Gods for &#68&#101&#118&#105&#108 &#87&#111&#114&#115&#104&#105&#112&#112&#101&#114&#115&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#79&#108&#100 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100&#46 Mycenaean &#99&#105&#118&#105&#108&#105&#122&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#98&#101&#103&#97&#110 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 trip &#45&#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101&#13&#10&#97&#110 &#105&#110&#103&#114&#101&#100&#105&#101&#110&#116 &#105&#110 the ambrosia of Dionysus. Porphyrius, the fourth century &#76&#97&#116&#105&#110 &#112&#111&#101&#116 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#116&#101&#109&#112&#111&#114&#97&#114&#121 &#111&#102 Emperor Konstantin, <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/buy+magic+mushrooms.asp" title="Buy Magic Mushrooms" alt="Buy Magic Mushrooms" >Buy Magic Mushrooms</a> knew that magic mushrooms were &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#104&#105&#108&#100&#114&#101&#110 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#103&#111&#100&#115&#46&#13&#10&#87&#72&#79 WAS THE FIRST MAGICIAN? A quasi-cannibalistic &#114&#105&#116&#117&#97&#108&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#97&#99&#116 &#111&#102 eating the children of the gods &#117&#110&#108&#111&#99&#107&#101&#100 &#111&#110&#101&#39&#115 &#112&#111&#119&#101&#114 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101 the truly &#100&#105&#118&#105&#110&#101&#46 &#66&#117&#116 &#110&#111&#116 &#97&#108&#108&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 enable human beings &#116&#111 &#101&#110&#116&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#97&#108&#109 &#111&#102 divine &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#112&#111&#119&#101&#114&#13&#10&#114&#101&#115&#105&#100&#101&#115 &#105&#110 &#111&#110&#108&#121 those &#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#97&#115 &#34&#102&#111&#111&#108&#39&#115&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#34&#44 which were &#99&#111&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#112&#111&#105&#115&#111&#110&#111&#117&#115&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#101&#100 &#116&#111 be the spawn &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#68&#101&#118&#105&#108&#13&#10&#116&#104&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#101 late Middle Ages and well into modern times. The &#78&#101&#119 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100&#58 &#84&#104&#101 &#65&#122&#116&#101&#99&#115 in Mexico referred to a number of small, inconspicuous mushrooms as teonartacatl, or &#34&#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#71&#111&#100&#115&#46&#34 &#84&#104&#101&#115&#101 sacred mushrooms &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#101&#97&#116&#101&#110&#13&#10&#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#111&#117&#114&#115&#101 of rituals intended to contact the Gods in order to learn about the &#119&#111&#114&#108&#100 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#97&#108&#109 &#111&#102 the divine. These magic &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#13&#10&#114&#105&#116&#117&#97&#108&#115 &#116&#104&#111&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 &#115&#112&#111&#111&#107&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 Catholic Spaniards. The mushroom eaters, commonly thought of &#97&#115 &#68&#101&#118&#105&#108 &#119&#111&#114&#115&#104&#105&#112&#112&#101&#114&#115&#44 &#119&#101&#114&#101 hounded by the &#73&#110&#113&#117&#105&#115&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 &#83&#116&#105&#108&#108&#44 &#97&#108&#108 &#103&#111&#111&#100 things survive the tests of &#116&#105&#109&#101&#44 &#115&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#117&#108&#116 of magic mushroom eaters did not become &#101&#120&#116&#105&#110&#99&#116&#46 &#76&#105&#107&#101 &#109&#121&#99&#101&#108&#105&#97&#13&#10&#117&#110&#100&#101&#114&#103&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100&#44 &#116&#104&#101 cult continued to flourish, and at the proper time in recorded history, in 1957, the fruit of the fully grown &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#114&#101&#45&#115&#117&#114&#102&#97&#99&#101&#100&#13&#10&#116&#111 &#100&#114&#97&#119 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100 public attention.<br> Valentine and Gordon Wasson became &#116&#104&#101 &#104&#101&#114&#111&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#109&#111&#100&#101&#114&#110 neo-mycophilic movement. Back to &#116&#104&#101 &#79&#108&#100 Cattle Mushrooms Cattle Dung Mushrooms &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100&#58 &#84&#104&#101 revelations and &#105&#110&#115&#105&#103&#104&#116&#115 &#103&#97&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 use &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#115&#111 magically &#119&#111&#110&#100&#101&#114&#102&#117&#108&#44 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#111&#117&#114 &#110&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 "fool's mushrooms" - &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104&#13&#10&#119&#101&#114&#101 &#103&#101&#110&#101 &#59 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101&#114&#101&#100 inedible - had to &#98&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#99&#111&#103&#110&#105&#122&#101&#100 &#97&#115 &#99&#108&#111&#115&#101&#108&#121 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#101&#100 to the magic mushrooms of &#77&#101&#120&#105&#99&#111&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 &#111&#102 the &#65&#122&#116&#101&#99&#13&#10&#71&#111&#100&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#115&#111&#117&#108&#115 &#111&#102 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 mushrooms in Mexico and Germany are essentially &#109&#97&#100&#101 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#97&#109&#101&#13&#10&#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101&#58 psilocybin. Jochen Gartz has &#109&#97&#100&#101 &#97&#110 &#101&#120&#116&#114&#97&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#97&#114&#121&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#116&#111 the field &#111&#102 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#121 <u></u> &#98&#121 &#101&#109&#98&#114&#97&#99&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#39&#115 magic mushrooms and the scientific study and testing &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#102&#117&#110&#103&#105&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104&#13&#10&#101&#102&#102&#111&#114&#116&#115 upon which this book is based require nothing less than a &#102&#101&#97&#114&#108&#101&#115&#115&#44 &#98&#114&#97&#118&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#111&#117&#114&#97&#103&#101&#111&#117&#115&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#44 &#102&#114&#101&#101 of prejudice and mycophobia. I am convinced that a researcher's consciousness infused by the spirit &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 is capable &#111&#102 &#102&#97&#114 &#100&#101&#101&#112&#101&#114 &#115&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99 insights &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#119&#101&#13&#10&#99&#97&#110 &#101&#118&#101&#114 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#99&#116 from the usual ivory tower academics, isolated from reality </p> <p align="justify"> &#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#85&#46&#83&#46&#41&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#101 &#116&#111 the therapeutic process; they may even be the sole source for future progress.<br> Under these conditions, stereo music also significantly deepened the intensity of the experience. &#73&#116 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#107&#105&#110&#100&#115 of specific experiences may also account for the remarkable success <u> findingand picking shrooms in australia</u> &#111&#102 &#116&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#101&#114&#109&#105&#110&#97&#108 &#112&#97&#116&#105&#101&#110&#116&#115 with &#76&#83&#68 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#101&#97&#115&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#102&#101&#97&#114&#115 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 face of &#100&#101&#97&#116&#104 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#111 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magic+mushroom+drug+test.asp" title="Magic Mushroom Drug Test" alt="Magic Mushroom Drug Test" >Magic Mushroom Drug Test</a> &#114&#101&#100&#117&#99&#101&#13&#10&#101&#118&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 most severe forms of pain. In many such cases, &#115&#121&#109&#112&#116&#111&#109&#115 &#100&#105&#115&#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#101&#110&#116&#105&#114&#101&#108&#121&#44 &#97&#110&#100 relief from &#112&#97&#105&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#110&#120&#105&#101&#116&#121 &#116&#104&#97&#116 continued &#101&#118&#101&#110 &#97&#102&#116&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#100&#114&#117&#103&#39&#115 &#97&#99&#117&#116&#101 effects had worn off. A book by S. Grof &#112&#114&#111&#118&#105&#100&#101&#115 &#97 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#97&#115&#115&#105&#111&#110&#97&#116&#101 &#97&#110&#97&#108&#121&#115&#105&#115 of &#115&#117&#99&#104&#13&#10&#115&#117&#99&#99&#101&#115&#115&#102&#117&#108 &#116&#114&#101&#97&#116&#109&#101&#110&#116&#115&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#115&#101&#114&#118&#101&#115 to underscore the fact that systematic efforts to investigate &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101&#13&#10&#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#97&#112&#101&#117&#116&#105&#99 &#98&#101&#110&#101&#102&#105&#116&#115 &#104&#97&#118&#101 only just begun. So &#102&#97&#114&#44 &#76&#83&#68 &#104&#97&#115 &#98&#101&#101&#110 the most &#119&#105&#100&#101&#108&#121&#13&#10&#115&#116&#117&#100&#105&#101&#100 &#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101 &#105&#110 &#116&#101&#114&#109&#115 of easing the suffering of terminally ill patients, as &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#97&#115 &#100&#105&#112&#114&#111&#112&#121&#108&#116&#114&#121&#112&#116&#97&#109&#105&#110&#101&#13&#10&#40&#68&#80&#84&#41&#44 &#97 synthetic drug structurally similar &#116&#111 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#105&#115 active only when administered by injection. Below, a &#121&#111&#117&#110&#103 &#119&#111&#109&#97&#110 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#83&#119&#105&#116&#122&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#103&#105&#118&#101&#115 a detailed account &#111&#102 &#104&#101&#114 &#115&#101&#99&#111&#110&#100 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#46 Her first experiment, with <b> nutrient requirements Psilocybe</b> Psilocybe cubensis, had &#97&#108&#114&#101&#97&#100&#121 &#105&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#101&#100 &#104&#101&#114 &#116&#111 the &#114&#101&#97&#108&#109&#13&#10&#111&#102 &#109&#121&#115&#116&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115&#46 &#70&#111&#114 her second journey, she used 20 Psilocybe semilanceata mushrooms as part of a group ritual &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#99&#104&#105&#101&#118&#101&#100 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#99&#101&#110&#100&#101&#110&#99&#101&#46&#13&#10&#65 &#114&#101&#109&#97&#114&#107&#97&#98&#108&#101 feature of &#104&#101&#114&#13&#10&#97&#99&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116 &#105&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 presence of an experienced guide was needed to realize the &#102&#117&#108&#108 &#112&#111&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#97&#108 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#116&#104&#105&#115 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#97&#114&#121 quest. "1 sat down &#110&#101&#120&#116 &#116&#111 &#97&#110&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#105&#112&#97&#110&#116&#44&#13&#10&#115&#101&#101&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 connect with others &#105&#110 &#112&#114&#101&#112&#97&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#102&#111&#114&#13&#10&#109&#121 &#106&#111&#117&#114&#110&#101&#121&#46 We proceeded to eat &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#114&#101&#115&#104&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#114&#111&#111&#109 &#103&#114&#101&#119 quiet and lovely music began to play. &#84&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#39&#115 &#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115&#13&#10&#99&#97&#109&#101 &#111&#110 &#109&#117&#99&#104 &#102&#97&#115&#116&#101&#114 than they did during my first experiment. Twice I tried to &#101&#115&#116&#97&#98&#108&#105&#115&#104 &#99&#108&#111&#115&#101&#114&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#116&#97&#99&#116 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#109&#121 &#102&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119 participant, but &#104&#101 &#119&#97&#115&#13&#10&#118&#101&#114&#121 &#110&#101&#114&#118&#111&#117&#115&#44 &#97&#110&#100 no source of reassurance for me.<br> I was seeking my spiritual companion, but did not find &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#112&#101&#114&#115&#111&#110 &#97&#109&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 present group.<br> &#73&#13&#10&#98&#101&#99&#97&#109&#101 &#97 &#102&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#105&#110 a long, white robe, wandering aimlessly among the columns (Greece?), still searching. My gaze lingered &#98&#114&#105&#101&#102&#108&#121 &#111&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#97&#108&#108 next to the door and I saw &#102&#97&#99&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#102&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 vanish, but they did &#110&#111&#116 &#104&#111&#108&#100 &#109&#121 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#101&#115&#116&#46 It was hopeless.<br> &#73 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#117&#101&#100 &#109&#121 &#97&#105&#109&#108&#101&#115&#115 roaming, and I was on the material plane, which I wanted to leave - &#104&#97&#100 &#116&#111 &#108&#101&#97&#118&#101&#46 &#83&#117&#100&#100&#101&#110&#108&#121&#44 I found myself with one of the guides, who wanted &#116&#111 &#104&#101&#108&#112 &#109&#101&#46 &#73&#13&#10&#115&#116&#97&#114&#101&#100 off into the distance, longing to &#98&#101 &#102&#114&#101&#101 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#116&#101&#114&#105&#97&#108 plane, but unable to do so. For a &#108&#111&#110&#103&#13&#10&#116&#105&#109&#101&#44 &#73 &#102&#97&#105&#108&#101&#100 &#116&#111 connect with the guide; our &#116&#119&#111&#13&#10&#119&#111&#114&#108&#100&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#106&#117&#115&#116 &#116&#111&#111 different. Suddenly I &#115&#101&#110&#115&#101&#100&#13&#10&#116&#104&#97&#116 &#104&#101 &#119&#97&#115&#110&#39&#116 &#97&#98&#108&#101 findingand picking shrooms in australia to look &#97&#116 &#109&#101 &#100&#105&#114&#101&#99&#116&#108&#121&#46 &#84&#104&#101 path by which to reach me runs &#116&#104&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104 &#109&#121 &#101&#121&#101&#115&#44&#13&#10&#98&#101&#99&#97&#117&#115&#101 &#111&#110&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#114&#117&#108&#121 alive. I asked him to &#104&#101&#108&#112 &#109&#101 &#111&#110 &#109&#121 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/copelandia+cyanescens+Queensland.asp" title="Copelandia Cyanescens Queensland" alt="Copelandia Cyanescens Queensland" >Copelandia Cyanescens Queensland</a> &#119&#97&#121 and invited him to look into my &#101&#121&#101&#115&#46 &#73 &#102&#101&#108&#116 &#97&#115 if all &#108&#105&#102&#101 &#101&#110&#101&#114&#103&#121 &#119&#97&#115&#13&#10&#100&#114&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#102&#114&#111&#109 my bo </p> It has been suggested by an Australian physician that the general public in Australia, as well as members of its drug using subculture, first became aware of the visionary properties of these psychoactive mushrooms by a visiting surfer(s), who came from either New Zealand or the United States (Hawaii) and most likely provided ethnomycological information to local surfers (McCarthy, 1971). This physician reported that the use of psychoactive mushrooms, as well as 21 other drugs "was well demonstrated during a survey on drug abuse that was conducted in Southern Queensland during l969." This survey relied on interviews of 51 people belonging to "the `surfer' subculture local beach resorts". In this report, the doctor believed that "although the survey involved surfers and their female friends, there is no suggestion that the use of these drugs is confined to this group, which constitutes but a proportion of our (Australian) young drug taking community." It is thus likely that word-of-mouth communication made a significant contribution to the increasing use of "magic mushrooms" in Australia and NZ. More than half of Australia's beef cattle can be found in the coastal areas of Queensland and New South Wales; and the 20 to 30 inch (500-750mm) rainfall belt of Queensland, New South Wales and Northern Victoria, generally provide adequate climatic environments for the growth of psilocybian mushrooms, especially after heavy rains. It has been suggested that "Psilocybe cubensis was introduced into Australia accidentally by early settlers along with their livestock." This same spore dispersal mechanism also probably applies to Copelandia cyanescens, Panaeolus subbalteatus and several additional species known to occur in or around the dung of other ruminants. This includes Psilocybe semilanceata and the non-hallucinogenic "haymaker's" mushroom Panaeolina foenisecii. While cattle are raised in all Australian states, as well as in the central lowlands, recreational users have been known to export these psychoptic species to various areas in Australia from areas where they were collected. In the case of New Zealand, hereafter referred to as NZ, cattle are the primary source for Copelandia cyanescens, but the "liberty cap" mushroom Psilocybe semilanceata only grows in the manured soil of four-legged ruminants and not directly from manure (Jansen, Pers. Comm., 1988). The identification section of this guide documents reported locations for more than 1 dozen species of psilocybian mushrooms in Australia and NZ which most likely have been used at one time or another for recreational purposes. Most users of the psychoactive visionary mushrooms have very little knowledge of their scientific names.<br> Instead, they have given their favorite species &#108&#111&#99&#97&#108 &#101&#112&#105&#116&#104&#101&#116&#115 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#97&#114&#101 commonly used &#98&#121 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#119&#104&#111 &#99&#111&#108&#108&#101&#99&#116 and ingest &#116&#104&#101&#109&#46 &#83&#111&#109&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 popular &#110&#97&#109&#101&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#97&#108&#115&#111 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#97&#110&#100 applied by users outside of Australia and &#78&#90&#46 &#34&#77&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#34 &#105&#115 &#116&#104&#101 most common term &#97&#112&#112&#108&#105&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#97&#110&#121 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 which contains psilocybine and/or &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#105&#110&#101&#46 &#73&#116 &#119&#97&#115 &#105&#110&#118&#101&#110&#116&#101&#100 &#98&#121 a Life Magazine editor in &#108&#57&#53&#55 &#40 &#115&#101&#101 &#87&#97&#115&#115&#111&#110&#44 &#108&#57&#53&#55&#41&#46 Psilocybe cubensis is &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#115 "golden &#116&#111&#112&#115&#34&#44 &#34&#103&#111&#108&#100 &#116&#111&#112&#115&#34 &#111&#114 &#115&#111&#109&#101&#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 "gold caps." The Australian epithets may have been given to this species by members of a local, drugusing group of surfers which frequented &#116&#104&#101 &#71&#111&#108&#100 &#67&#111&#97&#115&#116 &#114&#101&#103&#105&#111&#110 of Eastern Australia; however, some <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/panaeolus+subbalteatus+spore+print.asp" title="Panaeolus Subbalteatus Spore Print" alt="Panaeolus Subbalteatus Spore Print" >Panaeolus Subbalteatus Spore Print</a> of &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#110&#97&#109&#101&#115 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#97&#112&#112&#97&#114&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121 been &#117&#115&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108 different species of Psilocybe &#98&#121 &#117&#115&#101&#114&#115 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 (see Allen, 1997). As mentioned above, Psilocybe cubensis is not known to occur in New Zealand. Those who ingest Copelandia &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115&#44 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 New Zealand as "blue meanies", also refer &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#97&#115 "Blue Legs", "golden tops" or "gold &#99&#97&#112&#115&#34&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#108&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114 &#116&#119&#111 nicknames, as well as "dimple tops" and "cone heads", are common &#116&#101&#114&#109&#115 &#97&#112&#112&#108&#105&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#67&#111&#112&#101&#108&#97&#110&#100&#105&#97 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 in &#116&#104&#101 &#72&#97&#119&#97&#105&#105&#97&#110 &#73&#115&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115&#59 &#97&#110&#100 &#115&#111&#109&#101 of these same popular &#110&#97&#109&#101&#115 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#97&#108&#115&#111 &#98&#101&#101&#110 used by visiting surfers from &#98&#111&#116&#104 &#78&#101&#119 &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100 &#97&#110&#100 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#44 to describe &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#99&#114&#111&#115&#99&#111&#112&#105&#99 &#99&#104&#97&#114&#97&#99&#116&#101&#114&#105&#115&#116&#105&#99&#115 &#111&#102 Copelandia cyanescens.<br> These &#115&#97&#109&#101 &#115&#117&#114&#102&#101&#114&#115 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#72&#97&#119&#97&#105&#105&#39&#115 &#78&#111&#114&#116&#104 Shore have reportedly &#105&#110&#103&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#112&#114&#105&#111&#114 &#116&#111 surfing, as do many of the locally based surfers in Australia and NZ. own cause of death and disease, bloated stomachs and insanity. Beliefs such as these have survived to the present day. They persist, for example,,, as figures of speech, s u c h as the slick Austrian description of a societal misfit as someone "who ate those madness-inducing mushrooms." But, there is another, very different, magic mushroom legacy as well. Flesh of the Gods for Devil Worshippers The Old World. Mycenaean civilization began with a mushroom trip -Mushrooms were an ingredient in the ambrosia of Dionysus. Porphyrius, the fourth century Latin poet and contemporary of Emperor Konstantin, knew that magic mushrooms were the children of the gods. WHO WAS THE FIRST MAGICIAN? A quasi-cannibalistic ritual, the act of eating the children of the gods unlocked one's power to experience the truly divine. But not all mushrooms enable human beings to enter the realm of divine consciousness. This magic power resides in only those fungi known as "fool's mushrooms", which were considered poisonous and believed to be the spawn of the Devil throughout the late Middle Ages and well into modern times. The New World: The Aztecs in Mexico referred to a number of small, inconspicuous mushrooms as teonartacatl, or "flesh of the Gods." These sacred mushrooms were eaten during the course of rituals intended to contact the Gods in order to learn about the world and the realm of the divine. These magic mushroom rituals thoroughly spooked the Catholic Spaniards. The mushroom eaters, commonly thought of as Devil worshippers, were hounded by the Inquisition. Still, all good things survive the tests of time, so the cult of magic mushroom eaters did not become extinct. Like mycelia underground, the cult continued to flourish, and at the proper time in recorded history, in 1957, the fruit of the fully grown mushroom re-surfaced to draw widespread public attention. Valentine and Gordon Wasson became the heroes of the modern neo-mycophilic movement. Back to the Old World: The revelations and insights gained from the use of psychoactive mushrooms were so magically wonderful, that our native European "fool's mushrooms" - which were gene ; considered inedible - had to be recognized as closely related to the magic mushrooms of Mexico, the flesh of the Aztec Gods. The souls of magic mushrooms in Mexico and Germany are essentially made from the same substance: psilocybin. Jochen Gartz has made an extraordinary contribution to the field of mycology by embracing Germany's magic mushrooms and the scientific study and testing of these fungi. The research efforts upon which this book is based require nothing less than a fearless, brave and courageous consciousness, free of prejudice and mycophobia. I am convinced that a researcher's consciousness infused by the spirit of the magic mushroom is capable of far deeper scientific insights than we can ever expect from the usual ivory tower academics, isolated from reality <div align="center"> Mind-altering (psilocybine containing) mushrooms have been traditionally used Nutrient Nutrient Psilocybe in religious healing and curing <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/nz+mushrooms+photos.asp" title="Nz Tripping On Shrooms Nz Tripping On Shrooms Mushrooms" alt="Nz Tripping On Shrooms Nz Tripping On Shrooms Mushrooms" >Nz Tripping On Shrooms Nz Tripping On Shrooms Mushrooms</a> &#99&#101&#114&#101&#109&#111&#110&#105&#101&#115 &#98&#121 &#110&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101 </div> <p align="left"> ecialize in the study of &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#115&#44&#13&#10&#100&#101&#115&#112&#105&#116&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#97&#99&#116 &#116&#104&#97&#116 Psilocybe &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#105&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#109&#111&#115&#116 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110 and conspicuous species among the Psilocybes. Also, mushroom &#108&#111&#118&#101&#114&#115 &#119&#104&#111&#115&#101&#13&#10&#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#101&#115&#116&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#110&#111&#116 purely scientific (see Chapter 7.4) do not usually preserve their knowledge for posterity in the &#102&#111&#114&#109 &#111&#102 &#100&#105&#115&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#109&#97&#112&#115&#46&#13&#10&#72&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 is one map from 1986, which shows the distribution pattern of Psilocybe semilanceata across Germany (see Figure 20, p. 28). Almost no published information is available about locations &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#104&#97&#118&#101&#13&#10&#98&#101&#101&#110 found in eastern Germany. &#68&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#109&#121 &#111&#119&#110&#13&#10&#102&#105&#101&#108&#100 &#116&#114&#105&#112&#115&#44 I have discovered Psilocybe semilanceata &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#109&#101&#110&#115 &#105&#110 &#118&#97&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#44 such as near my hometown of Mansfeld in &#116&#104&#101 &#86&#111&#114&#104&#97&#114&#122&#13&#10&#77&#111&#117&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#44 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 marshlands &#111&#102 &#68&#117&#98&#101&#110 &#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108 as in other eastern German marshland &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115&#46 &#73&#110&#13&#10&#97&#100&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#102&#114&#105&#101&#110&#100&#115 &#119&#104&#111 are &#97&#108&#115&#111 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#104&#97&#118&#101&#13&#10&#116&#111&#108&#100 &#109&#101 about finding the mushrooms in &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#13&#10&#112&#97&#114&#116&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#114&#121&#46 A book published &#105&#110 &#49&#57&#53&#50 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#97&#109&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 rare sources that includes details about specimens discovered in the southeastern state of Saxony (see Figure 16, p. &#50&#51&#41&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#103&#114&#111&#119 most abundantly on wet pastures surrounded by forest areas. In my &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#44 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#13&#10&#103&#114&#111&#119&#115 &#105&#110 most of Germany's forestlands. The species fruits during the &#102&#97&#108&#108&#44 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#108&#97&#116&#101 &#83&#101&#112&#116&#101&#109&#98&#101&#114&#13&#10&#116&#104&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104 &#79&#99&#116&#111&#98&#101&#114&#46 It favors &#97&#99&#105&#100&#105&#99 &#115&#111&#105&#108 &#97&#110&#100 &#103&#114&#97&#115&#115&#121&#13&#10&#116&#101&#114&#114&#97&#105&#110 &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103&#115&#105&#100&#101 trails or around the edges &#111&#102&#13&#10&#102&#111&#114&#101&#115&#116 &#108&#97&#110&#100&#115&#46 &#83&#112&#101&#99&#105&#109&#101&#110&#115 &#97&#114&#101 generally clustered in small groups &#111&#102 &#51&#48 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#111&#114 less. Deer droppings or other &#97&#110&#105&#109&#97&#108 &#102&#101&#99&#101&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#117&#115&#117&#97&#108&#108&#121&#13&#10&#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#116 at &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#44 &#101&#118&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#111&#117&#103&#104 the mushrooms never &#103&#114&#111&#119 &#100&#105&#114&#101&#99&#116&#108&#121 &#111&#110 &#116&#111&#112 of &#100&#117&#110&#103&#46&#13&#10&#79&#99&#99&#97&#115&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#101&#120&#116&#114&#101&#109&#101&#108&#121 &#115&#116&#117&#110&#116&#101&#100 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#109&#101&#110&#115 may be found in the mountains by &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#105&#100&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 road. The soil below older cow pastures provides an excellent medium &#102&#111&#114 &#101&#120&#116&#101&#110&#115&#105&#118&#101 &#109&#121&#99&#101&#108&#105&#97&#108&#13&#10&#103&#114&#111&#119&#116&#104&#46 <H2>Chemicals Dipropyltryptamine Dipropyltryptamine Chemicals</H2> &#73&#110 some &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#44 <u>Contact Myspace Scotland Scotland</u> &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#121&#105&#101&#108&#100 an abundance of &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#98&#111&#100&#105&#101&#115&#44 &#109&#105&#114&#114&#111&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 extent of mycelial saturation in the soil. &#71&#105&#118&#101&#110 &#97&#100&#101&#113&#117&#97&#116&#101&#13&#10&#109&#111&#105&#115&#116&#117&#114&#101&#44 &#109&#97&#120&#105&#109&#117&#109 &#121&#105&#101&#108&#100&#115 &#99&#97&#110 be expected, if the pasture was grazed at least once during the weeks before fruiting season.<br> However, &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#13&#10&#97&#108&#115&#111 &#116&#104&#114&#105&#118&#101 &#117&#110&#100&#101&#114 similar conditions on horse and sheep pastures. &#83&#117&#99&#104 &#103&#114&#97&#115&#115&#121 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#105&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101 &#102&#111&#114&#101&#115&#116&#115&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101 usually &#103&#114&#97&#122&#105&#110&#103 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#102&#111&#114 &#100&#101&#101&#114&#44 who provide the &#115&#111&#105&#108 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97&#100&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#102&#101&#114&#116&#105&#108&#105&#122&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 <b>compost compost in mushroons</b> However, Psilocybe semilanceata does not grow in <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/caerulipes.asp" title="Caerulipes" alt="Caerulipes" >Caerulipes</a> locations where artificial fertilizer has been used. Such pastures are &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#102&#108&#97&#110&#107&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#99&#114&#101&#101&#107&#115 or swamp lands, which saturate the soil with water. During the summertime, &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#97&#114&#109 &#99&#108&#105&#109&#97&#116&#101 &#105&#110 these wet areas provides an excellent environment for optimal mycelial &#103&#114&#111&#119&#116&#104&#46 &#73&#110 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#44 &#116&#104&#101 mushroom's habitat ranges from &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#111&#97&#115&#116&#97&#108 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#109&#111&#117&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110&#111&#117&#115 &#114&#101&#103&#105&#111&#110&#115&#44 where the species has been found <H1> "muscaria vs. psilocybe"</H1> at altitudes of up to 1,720 m (5,160 ft) above sea level (MTB-8443, 1985).<br> In &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#101&#114&#13&#10&#67&#122&#101&#99&#104&#111&#115&#108&#111&#118&#97&#107&#105&#97&#44 &#115&#97&#109&#112&#108&#101&#115 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#108&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 at altitudes &#114&#97&#110&#103&#105&#110&#103 &#102&#114&#111&#109 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/australia+magic+mushroom+grow+kit.asp" title="Australia Magic Mushroom Grow Kit" alt="Australia Magic Mushroom Grow Kit" >Australia Magic Mushroom Grow Kit</a> &#51&#51&#48 &#116&#111 &#49&#44&#48&#48&#48 m (1,000 - </p> INTRODUCTION Mind-altering &#40&#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#101 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103&#41 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 traditionally used in religious &#104&#101&#97&#108&#105&#110&#103 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#99&#101&#114&#101&#109&#111&#110&#105&#101&#115 by native peoples in Mesoamerica &#102&#111&#114 &#109&#111&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#51&#44&#48&#48&#48 years. &#84&#111&#100&#97&#121&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#114&#101&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#117&#115&#101 of hallucinogenic fungi by Westerners is widespread, especially &#105&#110 &#118&#97&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#114&#101&#103&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#102 the United States, Canada, Mexico, &#67&#97&#114&#105&#98&#98&#101&#97&#110&#44 &#71&#114&#101&#97&#116 &#66&#114&#105&#116&#97&#105&#110&#44 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101 (especially in the Netherlands), Scandinavia, South America, Southeast Asia, &#73&#110&#100&#105&#97&#44 &#66&#97&#108&#105&#44 &#83&#97&#109&#111&#97&#59 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 and New Zealand. The modern, non-traditional use of hallucinogenic mushrooms has been stimulated, by media reports in newspapers, magazines, word-of-mouth communication, the World Wide Web and Internet, and also by the scholarly and popular journal publications of the renown ethnomycologist R. Gordon Wasson, (Harvard &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116 &#84&#105&#109&#111&#116&#104&#121 &#76&#101&#97&#114&#121&#44 &#116&#114&#97&#118&#101&#108&#101&#114 &#74&#101&#114&#101&#109&#121 &#83&#97&#110&#102&#111&#114&#100&#44 health guru Andrew Weil, &#97&#110&#100 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#115 &#40&#115&#101&#101 &#65&#108&#108&#101&#110 , Merlin &Jansen, 1991).<br>This field guide &#114&#101&#118&#105&#101&#119&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#104&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#121 &#111&#102 both the accidental and purposeful use of psychoactive mushrooms &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#101&#119&#13&#10&#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100&#46 Information in this guide has been &#103&#97&#116&#104&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#112&#101&#114&#115&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115 in Australia by the author and from reports in the scientific literature, &#110&#101&#119&#115 &#105&#116&#101&#109&#115 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#110 the popular press, &#97&#110&#100 &#112&#101&#114&#115&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#117&#110&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#119&#105&#116&#104 Australian and New Zealand (NZ) professionals <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/drawings+of+magic+mushrooms.asp" title="Drawings Of Magic Mushrooms" alt="Drawings Of Magic Mushrooms" >Drawings Of Magic Mushrooms</a> (Unsigned 1970; O'Neill, 1986).<br> &#84&#104&#101 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/mushroonsincowcompost.asp" title="Mushroonsincowcompost" alt="Mushroonsincowcompost" >Mushroonsincowcompost</a> &#113&#117&#101&#115&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 dosage is often confused by the variation in &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#111&#117&#114&#99&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 <b>shrooms cow shrooms finding in</b> hallucinogenic mushroom species which is &#99&#111&#110&#115&#117&#109&#101&#100&#46 a have been reported from the following countries: Finland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, The Netherlands, Belgium, France, Russia, Poland, the former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Scotland, England, Wales, Italy and Spain. Unfortunately, there are no comprehensive maps detailing the species's distribution pattern. Traditionally, mycologists have often neglected relatively tiny species, such as Psilocybe semilanceata, that tend to share their habitats with other, more prominent species. The sarcastic phrase "The mushrooms occur in abundance wherever mycologists abound" is particularly pertinent in reference to the Psilocybe species. Prior to the discovery of psilocybin, the Psilocybe genus languished in the literature, shrouded in obscurity. To this day, few 189. Psilocybe semilanceata Fr. Worthless] The cap is uniformly conic to bell-shaped, with a pointy or obtuse center forming an almost wart-like protrusion; initially, caps are often taller than they are wide, margins are bent and curved inward; later on, width of cap is 1.5-4 cm. Hygrophanous; coloration is a dirtyish olive-brown when wet, with translucent striate margins; at the center, coloration is ocher or greenish-yellow against an overall shade of smudgy pale yellow and oftentimes some greenish stains; only the margins are banded by a darkcolored, watery stripe around the edge. No stripes or banding evident when mushrooms are completely dried. Lacking a veil, caps are thin-fleshed, bald, with an easily separable pellicle that remains gelatinous-sticky for a long time, turning shiny when dry. Gills are olive brown to blackish purple brown in color, with the edges often remaining white, gill spacing is quite crowded; gill attachment is either roughly linear or mostly adnexed; up to 3.5 mm wide; attached at the stem only, fully detached later on. Spores are elongated to ellipitical in shape, smooth and large, measuring 12-16 u by 6-8,u. Color of spore dust is blackish purple brown. Stem is very slender, almost uniformly thin and always twisted, 6-12 cm long and 1.25-2 mm thick, yellowish or whitish in color; areas subjected to pressure develop bluishgreen stains. Stems are silky smooth and roughly at the center, cortinate fibrils appear like remnants of a veil, which is brittle and lined with a white fibrous cord of wool-like texture. When dry, the flesh of the cap is colored pale yellow, while the stem's flesh is ocher brown in color, especially towards the bottom. It is odorless and its flavor is mild. The mushroom grows from August to October, frequently in gregarious clusters, and can be found in pastures and along roadways, growing on dung that has undergone complete decomposition. It is not a particularly rare species. Figure 11(above) This excellent description of Psilocybe semilanceata by Michael & Schulz (1927) is shown here as originally published in German, with an English translation. Mycologists sp , and who gorge themselves on our tax dollars. I met Jochen Gartz shortly after the fall of the Berlin Wall at the third symposium of the European College for the Study of Consciousness (ECSC) in Freiburg, Germany. Our encounter was my first contact with a researcher from the former East Germany. Jochen Gartz's enthusiastic lecture was a truly consciousnessexpanding event, his words breaking down traditional borders and crossing over into new territory. The magic mushrooms spoke through him - with no trace of dogma or ideology - in the tradition of true anarchy that is the hallmark of mushroom magic. What I heard was unbelievable. Jochen spoke of a "new" psychedelic mushroom and its migration. The mycelia had spread in concentric circles outward from Leipzig, jumping all political borders. Finally, when the mycelia reached West German soil, the hated Berlin Wall crumbled. Could there possibly be a connection between the evolution of the magic mushroom and the evolution of our consciousness? Could a mushroom have contributed to the resolution of our political conflicts? In the past, politicians, even popes, had their own jesters and magicians, who functioned as pressure release valves in the machinations of political power struggles. It is obvious that a country whose chancellor is being pelted with eggs, urgently needs a new breed of magician who are able to readjust reality. But today, no aspiring magician should go about this task without this book as a guide for the wondrous journey into the realm of magic mushrooms. Christian Rdtsch Figure 5 - "Anthropomorphic Beings Engaged in Mushroom Dance" 10,000-year-old rock drawing in Tassili, Sahara (Algeria) CHAPTER 1 I BELIEVE THE TIME HAS COME FOR A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF NEW FINDINGS FROM THE FIELDS OF MYCOLOGY, TAXONOMY AND NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY When R.G. Wasson, R. Heim and A. Hofmann began their interdisciplinary research program to study the Mexican species of mushrooms and their usage in Mexican mushroom cults, their efforts culminated in a 1958 landmark report that described the isolation, molecular structure and synthesis of the mushrooms' active ingredients: psilocybin and psilocin. Several years later, these substances were also identified in a species of mushroom in Europe, Psilocybe semilanceata, which became the first in a series of newly discovered species. Since then, psychoactive mushrooms from other genera have been reported with increasing frequency. As part of my analytical work dedicated to the identification of naturally occurring chemicals, I had the good fortune to be part of a research team that studied alkaloids found in a variety of mushroom species. Now I believe the time has come for a comprehensive review of new findings from the fields of mycology, taxonomy and natural products chemistry. Wasson and his successors have already provided detailed accounts pertaining to the history and study of the Me Most users of the psychoactive visionary mushrooms have very little knowledge of their scientific names. Instead, they have given their favorite species local epithets which are commonly used by those who collect and ingest them. Some of these popular names are also known and applied by users outside of Australia and NZ. "Magic Mushrooms" is the most common term applied to any mushroom which contains psilocybine and/or psilocine. It was invented by a Life Magazine editor in l957 ( see Wasson, l957). Psilocybe cubensis is known in Australia as "golden tops", "gold tops" or sometimes "gold caps." The Australian epithets may have been given to this species by members of a local, drugusing group of surfers which frequented the Gold Coast region of Eastern Australia; however, some of these names have apparently been used to describe several different species of Psilocybe by users in Australia (see Allen, 1997). As mentioned above, Psilocybe cubensis is not known to occur in New Zealand. Those who ingest Copelandia cyanescens, known in Australia and New Zealand as "blue meanies", also refer to this species as "Blue Legs", "golden tops" or "gold caps". The latter two nicknames, as well as "dimple tops" and "cone heads", are common terms applied to Copelandia cyanescens in the Hawaiian Islands; and some of these same popular names have also been used by visiting surfers from both New Zealand and Australia, to describe the macroscopic characteristics of Copelandia cyanescens. These same surfers visiting Hawaii's North Shore have reportedly ingested mushrooms prior to surfing, as do many of the locally based surfers in Australia and NZ. xican mushroom species, so that these materials need not be repeated in this context. However, certain aspects concerning the more recent uses of these mushrooms as well as their conditions of growth will receive more detailed attention in later chapters. The main purpose of this book is to inspire further study of these mushrooms, particularly basic research efforts and medical applications of magic mushroom ingredients. The extensive bibliography will help scientists and other interested mycophiles to further immerse themselves in this complex area of study. Jochen Gartz Figure 6 - Bronze doors with mushroom motif entitled "Trial and Judgment" at Hildesheim Cathedral, Germany (ca. 1020). CHAPTER 2 REFLECTIONS ON THE HISTORY AND SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF MAGIC MUSHROOMS It is remarkable that cultures native to the American continent knew about a relatively large number of natural mind-altering substances compared to early cultures that evolved in Europe or Asia. Botanical evidence does not support the notion that Europe is home to fewer hallucinogenic plants than other regions. Furthermore, the growing number of recently discovered European mushroom species containing psilocybin indicate a flourishing psychotropic mycoflora in Europe similar to those found in other countries. It is unlikely that early European cultures learned less about local plants and mushrooms through usage and experience than cultures elsewhere in the world. Most likely, early cultural knowledge of European psychoactive plants and mushrooms was lost or destroyed at some time in history, probably as early as several hundred years ago. The discovery that the fly agaric mushroom (Amanita muscaria) was known for its psychoactive properties in Siberia invited the conclusion that this mushroom was used as a psychotropic agent in medieval Europe as well. In fact, there is very little evidence from the Middle Ages to indicate widespread knowledge of the effects of specific mushrooms on human consciousness. However, I believe that past reports on psychoactive mushrooms were causally linked to Amanita muscaria simply because this was the only known psychotropic mushroom in Europe at that time. While the usage of Amanita muscaria among Siberian tribes has generated reports of spectacular hallucinations, European accounts of fly agaric intoxications do not generally include descriptions of such intensely hallucinatory effects. Accordingly, the potent hallucinogenic effects of specific Psilocybes and related species are likely to have had a much more significant influence on early European cultures than the delirium-like visions induced by Amanita muscaria, a species that is also known to induce unconsciousness and severe somatic side effects. This hypothesis is corroborated by data from comprehensive field studies conducted in Mexico. I believe that historic accounts including those described below - indicate a knowledge of by A. Hofmann, Sandoz Pharmaceuticals manufactured about 2 kg (ca. 4.4lbs) of pure psilocybin for scientific research purposes. The results of pharmacological testing soon revealed psilocybin as an alkaloid that was perfectly safe for human subjects under controlled experimental conditions. Despite this evidence, the anti-drug legislative framework of the mid1960s firmly established an "official mycophobia", a misguided, yet entrenched policy that still prevails today and effectively prevents the scientific investigation of promising potential applications for psilocybin and other alkaloids. At the same time, mycological and biochemical research studies have shown that psilocybincontaining mushrooms thrive all over the world and can be found on all continents. These mushrooms are no different from any other mycoflora and must not be excluded from scientific investigation because of their alkaloid content. In addition to overall variations in value systems across cultures, individuals tend to develop their own personal attitudes towards mushrooms in general. Oftentimes, the evolution of specific opinions about mushrooms can be traced back to childhood events, even though such early experiences seldom account for the development of prevailing biases and value systems later in life. I recall an incident from my own childhood, which occurred when I was about five years old. I was playing in a grassy meadow, when a girl pointed to a brown mushroom and earnestly explained that it was inedible and poisonous. While I have never forgotten this encounter, I did grow up to become a devoted mushroom enthusiast. On the other hand, a different childhood event has left me with the vivid memory of discovering a landfill virtually covered with vast numbers of gilled bluing mushrooms and the sense of awe I experienced contemplating this sight. In general, the unusual characteristics of these mushrooms are most likely responsible for strong impressions formed early in life, which then may develop into various attitudes or beliefs later on. An enduring personal interest in psychotropic mushroom species can serve to amplify or diminish mycophobic as well as mycophilic dispositions, depending on the influence of other factors. After all, judgments about the benefit or folly of deliberately altering one's state of consciousness are also colored by individual preferences, biases and opinions. The following chapters are meant to illustrate this diversity of attitudes towards psychotropic mushrooms. Descriptions of planned and involuntary experiments with specific mushroom species offer convincing evidence that the effects of psychoactive mushrooms are open to many possible interpretations. CHAPTER 3 THE CURRENT STATE OF KNOWLEDGE ABOUT EUROPEAN SPECIES Figure 7 - Distribution pattern of Psilocybe cyanescens across Europe and North Africa (according to Krieglsteiner). Black dots indicate approximate locatio a have been reported from the following countries: Finland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, The Netherlands, Belgium, France, Russia, Poland, the former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Scotland, England, Wales, Italy and Spain. Unfortunately, there are no comprehensive maps detailing the species's distribution pattern. Traditionally, mycologists have often neglected relatively tiny species, such as Psilocybe semilanceata, that tend to share their habitats with other, more prominent species. The sarcastic phrase "The mushrooms occur in abundance wherever mycologists abound" is particularly pertinent in reference to the Psilocybe species. Prior to the discovery of psilocybin, the Psilocybe genus languished in the literature, shrouded in obscurity. To this day, few 189. Psilocybe semilanceata Fr. Worthless] The cap is uniformly conic to bell-shaped, with a pointy or obtuse center forming an almost wart-like protrusion; initially, caps are often taller than they are wide, margins are bent and curved inward; later on, width of cap is 1.5-4 cm. Hygrophanous; coloration is a dirtyish olive-brown when wet, with translucent striate margins; at the center, coloration is ocher or greenish-yellow against an overall shade of smudgy pale yellow and oftentimes some greenish stains; only the margins are banded by a darkcolored, watery stripe around the edge. No stripes or banding evident when mushrooms are completely dried. Lacking a veil, caps are thin-fleshed, bald, with an easily separable pellicle that remains gelatinous-sticky for a long time, turning shiny when dry. Gills are olive brown to blackish purple brown in color, with the edges often remaining white, gill spacing is quite crowded; gill attachment is either roughly linear or mostly adnexed; up to 3.5 mm wide; attached at the stem only, fully detached later on. Spores are elongated to ellipitical in shape, smooth and large, measuring 12-16 u by 6-8,u. Color of spore dust is blackish purple brown. Stem is very slender, almost uniformly thin and always twisted, 6-12 cm long and 1.25-2 mm thick, yellowish or whitish in color; areas subjected to pressure develop bluishgreen stains. Stems are silky smooth and roughly at the center, cortinate fibrils appear like remnants of a veil, which is brittle and lined with a white fibrous cord of wool-like texture. When dry, the flesh of the cap is colored pale yellow, while the stem's flesh is ocher brown in color, especially towards the bottom. It is odorless and its flavor is mild. The mushroom grows from August to October, frequently in gregarious clusters, and can be found in pastures and along roadways, growing on dung that has undergone complete decomposition. It is not a particularly rare species. Figure 11(above) This excellent description of Psilocybe semilanceata by Michael & Schulz (1927) is shown here as originally published in German, with an English translation. Mycologists sp <p align="left"> More than half of &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#39&#115 &#98&#101&#101&#102 &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#99&#97&#110 be &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#111&#97&#115&#116&#97&#108 areas of &#81&#117&#101&#101&#110&#115&#108&#97&#110&#100 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#101&#119 &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104 Wales; and &#116&#104&#101 &#50&#48 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/1960s+magic+mushroom.asp" title="1960S Magic Mushroom" alt="1960S Magic Mushroom" >1960S Magic Mushroom</a> &#116&#111 &#51&#48 inch <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/panaeolus+subbalteatus+spore+print.asp" title="Panaeolus Subbalteatus Spore Print" alt="Panaeolus Subbalteatus Spore Print" >Panaeolus Subbalteatus Spore Print</a> (500-750mm) rainfall belt of Queensland, New South Wales and Northern Victoria, generally provide &#97&#100&#101&#113&#117&#97&#116&#101 &#99&#108&#105&#109&#97&#116&#105&#99 &#101&#110&#118&#105&#114&#111&#110&#109&#101&#110&#116&#115 &#102&#111&#114 the growth of &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#97&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#44 &#101&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#97&#102&#116&#101&#114 &#104&#101&#97&#118&#121 rains.<br> It has been suggested that &#34&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#119&#97&#115 &#105&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#101&#100 into Australia accidentally by early settlers along with their livestock.<br>" <i> Native European Mushrooms</i> This same spore dispersal mechanism also probably &#97&#112&#112&#108&#105&#101&#115 &#116&#111 &#67&#111&#112&#101&#108&#97&#110&#100&#105&#97 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115&#44 Panaeolus &#115&#117&#98&#98&#97&#108&#116&#101&#97&#116&#117&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#97&#100&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 species known to occur in or around the dung of other ruminants. This includes Psilocybe semilanceata and the non-hallucinogenic "haymaker's" mushroom &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#105&#110&#97 &#102&#111&#101&#110&#105&#115&#101&#99&#105&#105&#46 &#87&#104&#105&#108&#101 &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#97&#114&#101 raised in &#97&#108&#108 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110 &#115&#116&#97&#116&#101&#115&#44 &#97&#115 well &#97&#115 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#114&#97&#108 lowlands, recreational users have been known to export these psychoptic <b> Native European Mushrooms</b> species to &#118&#97&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 from &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#119&#101&#114&#101 collected. In &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#97&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#78&#101&#119 Zealand, hereafter referred to as &#78&#90&#44 &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101 primary source for Copelandia cyanescens, but the "liberty cap" mushroom Psilocybe semilanceata only grows in &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#110&#117&#114&#101&#100 &#115&#111&#105&#108 &#111&#102 four-legged &#114&#117&#109&#105&#110&#97&#110&#116&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#110&#111&#116 &#100&#105&#114&#101&#99&#116&#108&#121 from manure (Jansen, Pers. Comm., 1988). The &#105&#100&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#115&#101&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#103&#117&#105&#100&#101 documents reported locations for more than 1 dozen species of psilocybian mushrooms &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#90 which most likely have been used at one &#116&#105&#109&#101 &#111&#114 &#97&#110&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#102&#111&#114 recreational purposes. </p> More &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#104&#97&#108&#102 psilocybe caerulipes &#111&#102 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#39&#115 beef cattle &#99&#97&#110 &#98&#101 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 coastal areas of Queensland and New South Wales; &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#50&#48 &#116&#111 30 inch (500-750mm) rainfall belt of Queensland, New South &#87&#97&#108&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/1960s+magic+mushroom.asp" title="1960S Magic Mushroom" alt="1960S Magic Mushroom" >1960S Magic Mushroom</a> &#78&#111&#114&#116&#104&#101&#114&#110 &#86&#105&#99&#116&#111&#114&#105&#97&#44 <H1> psilocybe semilanceata identification northeastern US</H1> generally provide adequate &#99&#108&#105&#109&#97&#116&#105&#99 &#101&#110&#118&#105&#114&#111&#110&#109&#101&#110&#116&#115 &#102&#111&#114 &#116&#104&#101 growth &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#97&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#44 &#101&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 after heavy rains. It has been suggested that "Psilocybe cubensis &#119&#97&#115 &#105&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 accidentally by early settlers along with their livestock." &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#115&#97&#109&#101 &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101 &#100&#105&#115&#112&#101&#114&#115&#97&#108 mechanism also probably &#97&#112&#112&#108&#105&#101&#115 &#116&#111 &#67&#111&#112&#101&#108&#97&#110&#100&#105&#97 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115&#44 Panaeolus subbalteatus and several additional species known &#116&#111 &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114 &#105&#110 &#111&#114 around the dung of other ruminants.<br> This &#105&#110&#99&#108&#117&#100&#101&#115 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#97&#110&#100 the non-hallucinogenic "haymaker's" mushroom Panaeolina foenisecii. While cattle are &#114&#97&#105&#115&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#97&#108&#108 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110 states, &#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#97&#115 &#105&#110 the central lowlands, recreational users have been known to export these psychoptic species to various areas in &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#119&#101&#114&#101 collected. In the &#99&#97&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#78&#101&#119 &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 hereafter &#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#97&#115 &#78&#90&#44 cattle are the primary &#115&#111&#117&#114&#99&#101 &#102&#111&#114 &#67&#111&#112&#101&#108&#97&#110&#100&#105&#97 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115&#44 but the <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/1960s+magic+mushroom.asp" title="1960S Magic Mushroom" alt="1960S Magic Mushroom" >1960S Magic Mushroom</a> "liberty cap" mushroom Psilocybe semilanceata only &#103&#114&#111&#119&#115 &#105&#110 <H3> psilocybe caerulipes</H3> &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#110&#117&#114&#101&#100 &#115&#111&#105&#108 of four-legged ruminants and not directly &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#109&#97&#110&#117&#114&#101 &#40&#74&#97&#110&#115&#101&#110&#44 &#80&#101&#114&#115&#46 Comm., 1988). The identification section of this &#103&#117&#105&#100&#101 &#100&#111&#99&#117&#109&#101&#110&#116&#115 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 for more than 1 dozen species &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#97&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#105&#110 Australia and NZ which most likely have been used at one &#116&#105&#109&#101 &#111&#114 &#97&#110&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#102&#111&#114 recreational purposes. Most recreational users of Psilocybe cubensis (when grown in vitro) require a dosage of 1 to 2 gm of dried mushrooms to produce an altered state of consciousness; a clinical dosage for Psilocybe cubensis, on the other hand, had previously been reported as ranging from 3 to 5 gm of dried material. This dosage would be comparable to the amount of fungal material consumed for religious purposes in a Mazatec Indian healing and curing ceremony. In 1982, one research team "found that the level of psilocybin and psilocin varies over a factor of 4 among various in vitro cultures of Psilocybe cubensis, while specimens from outdoors varied tenfold." A fresh dosage of Psilocybe cubensis in Australia would be approximately from 1 to 2 large mushrooms weighing up to as much as one fresh ounce, or as many as from 25 to 50 small mushrooms equaling the same weight amount. Ethnopharmacologist Jonathan Ott (1976, 1993) noted that he has observed "the ingestion of from 0.5 gm to 5.9 gm dried weight (10 gm to 40 gm fresh)", of various species of Psilocybe. Dosage for Psilocybe subcubensis would be the same as for Psilocybe cubensis. Both of these latter two species are macroscopically alike. The usual dosage for Copelandia cyanescens required to induce psychedelic visual effects ranges from 1 to 3 large specimens (cap diameter c. 5 mm), or as many as 5 to l0 medium-sized mushrooms (cap diameter c. 2.5 mm); however, personal tolerance to this species may occur with continued use, and some who consume large amounts of this mushroom have reportedly ingested as many as 50 to 200 fresh specimens of various sizes. More than half of Australia's beef cattle can be found in the coastal areas of Queensland and New South Wales; and the 20 to 30 inch (500-750mm) rainfall belt of Queensland, New South Wales and Northern Victoria, generally provide adequate climatic environments for the growth of psilocybian mushrooms, especially after heavy rains. It has been suggested that "Psilocybe cubensis was introduced into Australia accidentally by early settlers along with their livestock." This same spore dispersal mechanism also probably applies to Copelandia cyanescens, Panaeolus subbalteatus and several additional species known to occur in or around the dung of other ruminants. This includes Psilocybe semilanceata and the non-hallucinogenic "haymaker's" mushroom Panaeolina foenisecii. While cattle are raised in all Australian states, as well as in the central lowlands, recreational users have been known to export these psychoptic species to various areas in Australia from areas where they were collected. In the case of New Zealand, hereafter referred to as NZ, cattle are the primary source for Copelandia cyanescens, but the "liberty cap" mushroom Psilocybe semilanceata only grows in the manured soil of four-legged ruminants and not directly from manure (Jansen, Pers. Comm., 1988). The identification section of this guide documents reported locations for more than 1 dozen species of psilocybian mushrooms in Australia and NZ which most likely have been used at one time or another for recreational purposes. <p align="right"> &#84&#104&#101 &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#101&#99 &#73&#110&#100&#105&#97&#110&#115&#44 who have a long tradition of using the mushrooms, inhabit a range of mountains called the Sierra Mazateca in the northeastern corner of the &#77&#101&#120&#105&#99&#97&#110 &#115&#116&#97&#116&#101 &#111&#102 &#79&#97&#120&#97&#99&#97&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#115&#104&#97&#109&#97&#110&#115 in this essay are all natives of the town of <u></u> Huautla de Jimenez.<br> &#80&#114&#111&#112&#101&#114&#108&#121 &#115&#112&#101&#97&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#114&#101 Huautecans; but since &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#97&#110&#103&#117&#97&#103&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#115&#112&#101&#97&#107 has been called Mazatec and they have <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magic+mushroom+grow+box.asp" title="Magic Mushroom Grow Box" alt="Magic Mushroom Grow Box" >Magic Mushroom Grow Box</a> been referred to in &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#114&#101&#118&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#97&#110&#116&#104&#114&#111&#112&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#108&#105&#116&#101&#114&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/using+cow+dung+for+shrooms.asp" title="Using Cow Dung For Shrooms" alt="Using Cow Dung For Shrooms" >Using Cow Dung For Shrooms</a> as Mazatecs, I have &#114&#101&#116&#97&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#110&#97&#109&#101&#44 &#116&#104&#111&#117&#103&#104 strictly speaking, Mazatecs are the inhabitants of &#116&#104&#101 &#118&#105&#108&#108&#97&#103&#101 &#111&#102 &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#108&#97&#110 in the &#115&#97&#109&#101 &#109&#111&#117&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#46 </p> <p align="center"> &#13&#10&#119&#101&#110&#116 &#105&#110 &#119&#97&#118&#101&#115&#46 Increasingly, all &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#115 &#105&#110 &#104&#101&#114&#13&#10&#105&#109&#109&#101&#100&#105&#97&#116&#101 &#115&#117&#114&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103&#115 coalesced into shades &#111&#102&#13&#10&#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 fearsome; &#116&#104&#101 &#104&#101&#97&#100&#115&#13&#10&#111&#102 &#109&#111&#110&#115&#116&#101&#114&#115 &#98&#101&#99&#97&#109&#101 visible and a wall opened up into an abyss. There &#119&#97&#115 &#97 &#115&#117&#99&#99&#101&#115&#115&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 human figure with animal heads.<br> &#84&#104&#101 &#110&#101&#120&#116 &#100&#97&#121&#44 &#101&#118&#101&#114&#121&#116&#104&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#119&#97&#115 &#98&#97&#99&#107 to normal. &#84&#104&#101 &#111&#108&#100&#101&#115&#116 &#99&#104&#105&#108&#100 &#40&#97&#103&#101 14) also saw &#104&#101&#114 &#112&#97&#114&#101&#110&#116&#115&#39 &#104&#97&#105&#114 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114 turn green, had dilated pupils and watched &#103&#101&#111&#109&#101&#116&#114&#105&#99 &#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#115 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114 &#111&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#119&#97&#108&#108&#46 The youngest child (age &#49&#49&#41 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#100 &#99&#114&#97&#109&#112&#115 &#97&#110&#100 lost consciousness. In 1960, &#83&#105&#110&#103&#101&#114 &#97&#110&#100 &#71&#117&#122&#109&#97&#110 &#115&#117&#103&#103&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100&#13&#10&#116&#104&#97&#116 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 cyanescens might contain psilocybin, because of the intense blue staining they had observed. It wasn't until after &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#105&#110&#116&#111&#120&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#105&#110 &#77&#101&#110&#116&#111&#110 &#104&#97&#100 &#98&#101&#101&#110 publicized, that a research team &#119&#111&#114&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#65&#46 &#72&#111&#102&#109&#97&#110&#110&#13&#10&#100&#101&#116&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 0.2% of &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#46&#13&#10&#67&#111&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 powerful effects, however, this concentration appears to be too low to cause such impressive reactions. Later on, &#83&#97&#110&#100&#111&#122&#13&#10&#76&#97&#98&#111&#114&#97&#116&#111&#114&#105&#101&#115 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#101&#118&#101&#108 of psilocybin in dried samples as &#48&#46&#56&#37&#44 &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#49&#46&#50&#37 psilocin. The level of &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#105&#110&#44 &#104&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 &#109&#97&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 been falsely elevated by the presence of serotonin and its &#100&#101&#114&#105&#118&#97&#116&#101&#115 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 sample &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#119&#97&#115&#13&#10&#98&#101&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100&#46&#13&#10&#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#83&#116&#105&#106&#118&#101&#44 a mushroom sample collected by J.W. Allen in Thailand contained 0.4% - 1.05% &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#105&#110&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#111&#110&#108&#121 &#116&#114&#97&#99&#101&#13&#10&#97&#109&#111&#117&#110&#116&#115 of psilocybin; serotonin was present in large amounts, comparable to concentrations found in all Panaeolus species. Apparently, Panaeolus cyanescens produces more psilocin &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#46 &#83&#116&#105&#108&#108&#44 &#73&#13&#10&#119&#97&#115 able to detect 0.4% of psilocybin in &#109&#121&#99&#101&#108&#105&#97&#13&#10&#99&#117&#108&#116&#105&#118&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#111&#110 &#109&#97&#108&#116 &#97&#103&#97&#114&#44 with no other indole compounds present.<br> Discussion of the Panaeolus &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#13&#10&#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110 &#105&#110&#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101 &#119&#105&#116&#104&#111&#117&#116 &#112&#111&#105&#110&#116&#105&#110&#103 out that those subjectively &#116&#101&#114&#114&#105&#102&#121&#105&#110&#103 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#115&#101&#115&#13&#10&#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#49&#57&#54&#53 cannot be attributed to a specific mushroom ingredient, but were likely precipitated by the circumstances (set and setting) surrounding the &#105&#110&#99&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101&#100 by J. Allen in Hawaii after eating &#50&#48 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#109&#101&#110&#115 &#112&#97&#105&#110&#116 &#97&#13&#10&#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116 &#112&#105&#99&#116&#117&#114&#101 altogether: With radio music playing <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/finding+caerulipes.asp" title="Finding Caerulipes" alt="Finding Caerulipes" >Finding Caerulipes</a> softly in the dark, euphoria began to come on in &#119&#97&#118&#101&#115&#46 &#65&#102&#116&#101&#114&#13&#10&#50&#48 &#109&#105&#110&#117&#116&#101&#115&#44 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#115 became so &#105&#110&#116&#101&#110&#115&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#73 &#116&#114&#105&#101&#100&#13&#10&#116&#111 close my eyes. Whenever 1 did close my &#101&#121&#101&#115&#44&#13&#10&#109&#121 &#101&#121&#101&#108&#105&#100&#115 &#102&#101&#108&#116 &#97&#115 if &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#98&#101&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#112&#114&#97&#121&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 outside. Colors were sharp &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#108&#101&#97&#114&#44 &#98&#117&#116&#13&#10&#73 &#97&#108&#119&#97&#121&#115 quickly opened my eyes again.<br> Colors were dancing like laser beams to &#116&#104&#101 &#114&#104&#121&#116&#104&#109 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#105&#99&#46 The stars in the sky &#97&#115&#115&#101&#109&#98&#108&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#99&#108&#117&#115&#116&#101&#114&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#114&#101&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 all the way &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#109&#121 &#115&#111&#117&#108&#46 &#73&#13&#10&#119&#97&#115 &#97 little scared at the idea that &#116&#104&#101 &#111&#99&#101&#97&#110&#13&#10&#119&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#109&#105&#103&#104&#116 &#114&#117&#115&#104 up all the way into our &#104&#117&#116&#46&#13&#10&#79&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#44 &#102&#101&#101&#108&#105&#110&#103&#115 of euphoria were overwhelming. At times, I was overcome by fits of laughter. &#84&#104&#97&#116 &#110&#105&#103&#104&#116&#44 &#73 &#115&#108&#101&#112&#116 &#108&#105&#107&#101 "a prince ". The following morning I gathered up my belongings and had &#116&#111 &#119&#97&#108&#107 &#98&#97&#99&#107 &#97&#99&#114&#111&#115&#115 the &#112&#97&#115&#116&#117&#114&#101 &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#73&#13&#10&#104&#97&#100 &#99&#111&#108&#108&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 the mushrooms the day before. I noticed a lot o </p> own cause of death and disease, bloated stomachs and insanity. Beliefs such as these have survived to the present day. They persist, for example,,, as figures of speech, s u c h as the slick Austrian description of a societal misfit as someone "who ate those madness-inducing mushrooms." But, there is another, very different, magic mushroom legacy as well. Flesh of the Gods for Devil Worshippers The Old World. Mycenaean civilization began with a mushroom trip -Mushrooms were an ingredient in the ambrosia of Dionysus. Porphyrius, the fourth century Latin poet and contemporary of Emperor Konstantin, knew that magic mushrooms were the children of the gods. WHO WAS THE FIRST MAGICIAN? A quasi-cannibalistic ritual, the act of eating the children of the gods unlocked one's power to experience the truly divine. But not all mushrooms enable human beings to enter the realm of divine consciousness. This magic power resides in only those fungi known as "fool's mushrooms", which were considered poisonous and believed to be the spawn of the Devil throughout the late Middle Ages and well into modern times. The New World: The Aztecs in Mexico referred to a number of small, inconspicuous mushrooms as teonartacatl, or "flesh of the Gods." These sacred mushrooms were eaten during the course of rituals intended to contact the Gods in order to learn about the world and the realm of the divine. These magic mushroom rituals thoroughly spooked the Catholic Spaniards. The mushroom eaters, commonly thought of as Devil worshippers, were hounded by the Inquisition. Still, all good things survive the tests of time, so the cult of magic mushroom eaters did not become extinct. Like mycelia underground, the cult continued to flourish, and at the proper time in recorded history, in 1957, the fruit of the fully grown mushroom re-surfaced to draw widespread public attention. Valentine and Gordon Wasson became the heroes of the modern neo-mycophilic movement. Back to the Old World: The revelations and insights gained from the use of psychoactive mushrooms were so magically wonderful, that our native European "fool's mushrooms" - which were gene ; considered inedible - had to be recognized as closely related to the magic mushrooms of Mexico, the flesh of the Aztec Gods. The souls of magic mushrooms in Mexico and Germany are essentially made from the same substance: psilocybin. Jochen Gartz has made an extraordinary contribution to the field of mycology by embracing Germany's magic mushrooms and the scientific study and testing of these fungi. The research efforts upon which this book is based require nothing less than a fearless, brave and courageous consciousness, free of prejudice and mycophobia. I am convinced that a researcher's consciousness infused by the spirit of the magic mushroom is capable of far deeper scientific insights than we can ever expect from the usual ivory tower academics, isolated from reality <p align="center"> Most users of the &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#97&#114&#121 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#104&#97&#118&#101 very &#108&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#108&#101&#100&#103&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 scientific names.<br> Instead, they &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#103&#105&#118&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#102&#97&#118&#111&#114&#105&#116&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 <b> blue stain gold caps magic mushroom</b> local epithets &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#97&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110&#108&#121 &#117&#115&#101&#100 by those who collect and ingest them. Some of these &#112&#111&#112&#117&#108&#97&#114 &#110&#97&#109&#101&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#97&#108&#115&#111 known and &#97&#112&#112&#108&#105&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#117&#115&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#117&#116&#115&#105&#100&#101 of Australia and &#78&#90&#46 &#34&#77&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#34 &#105&#115 the most &#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110 &#116&#101&#114&#109 &#97&#112&#112&#108&#105&#101&#100 <i> blue stain gold caps magic mushroom</i> &#116&#111 any &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#101 and/or psilocine. &#73&#116 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/copelandiacyanescensQueensland.asp" title="Copelandiacyanescensqueensland" alt="Copelandiacyanescensqueensland" >Copelandiacyanescensqueensland</a> &#119&#97&#115 &#105&#110&#118&#101&#110&#116&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#97 &#76&#105&#102&#101 Magazine editor in l957 ( see Wasson, l957). Psilocybe cubensis is known &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#115 &#34&#103&#111&#108&#100&#101&#110 &#116&#111&#112&#115&#34&#44 "gold tops" or sometimes "gold caps." The Australian epithets may have been given &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#98&#121 members of a local, drugusing group of surfers which frequented the &#71&#111&#108&#100 &#67&#111&#97&#115&#116 &#114&#101&#103&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 Eastern &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#59 &#104&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#111&#102 these names have apparently &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#117&#115&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101 several different species of Psilocybe by &#117&#115&#101&#114&#115 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#40&#115&#101&#101 Allen, 1997). As mentioned &#97&#98&#111&#118&#101&#44 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/buy+magic+mushroom+online.asp" title="Buy Magic Mushroom Online" alt="Buy Magic Mushroom Online" >Buy Magic Mushroom Online</a> &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#105&#115 not known to occur &#105&#110 &#78&#101&#119 &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100&#46 &#84&#104&#111&#115&#101 who ingest Copelandia cyanescens, known in Australia and New Zealand as "blue meanies", also refer to this &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#97&#115 &#34&#66&#108&#117&#101 &#76&#101&#103&#115&#34&#44 "golden tops" or "gold caps".<br> The &#108&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114 &#116&#119&#111 &#110&#105&#99&#107&#110&#97&#109&#101&#115&#44 &#97&#115 well as "dimple tops" and "cone heads", are common terms applied to Copelandia cyanescens in the Hawaiian Islands; and some &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#115&#97&#109&#101 &#112&#111&#112&#117&#108&#97&#114 names have also been used by &#118&#105&#115&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#117&#114&#102&#101&#114&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#98&#111&#116&#104 New Zealand and Australia, to describe the macroscopic characteristics of Copelandia cyanescens.<br> These same &#115&#117&#114&#102&#101&#114&#115 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#72&#97&#119&#97&#105&#105&#39&#115 &#78&#111&#114&#116&#104 Shore have &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100&#108&#121 &#105&#110&#103&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#112&#114&#105&#111&#114 to surfing, <u> blue stain gold caps magic mushroom</u> as do many of the locally based &#115&#117&#114&#102&#101&#114&#115 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#90&#46 </p> INTRODUCTION Mind-altering (psilocybine containing) mushrooms have been traditionally used in religious healing and curing ceremonies by native peoples in Mesoamerica for more than 3,000 years. Today, the recreational use of hallucinogenic fungi by Westerners is widespread, especially in various regions of the United States, Canada, Mexico, Caribbean, Great Britain, Europe (especially in the Netherlands), Scandinavia, South America, Southeast Asia, India, Bali, Samoa; Australia and New Zealand. The modern, non-traditional use of hallucinogenic mushrooms has been stimulated, by media reports in newspapers, magazines, word-of-mouth communication, the World Wide Web and Internet, and also by the scholarly and popular journal publications of the renown ethnomycologist R. Gordon Wasson, (Harvard psychologist Timothy Leary, traveler Jeremy Sanford, health guru Andrew Weil, and others (see Allen , Merlin &Jansen, 1991).This field guide reviews the history of both the accidental and purposeful use of psychoactive mushrooms in Australia and New Zealand. Information in this guide has been gathered from personal experiences in Australia by the author and from reports in the scientific literature, news items appearing in the popular press, and personal communications with Australian and New Zealand (NZ) professionals (Unsigned 1970; O'Neill, 1986). <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/drawings+of+magic+mushrooms.asp" title="Drawings Of Magic Mushrooms" alt="Drawings Of Magic Mushrooms" >Drawings Of Magic Mushrooms</a> <b>mushrooms native native</b> There are more than &#49 &#100&#111&#122&#101&#110 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#102 "magic mushrooms" in Australia and New </p> <h1 id="cross-browser"> blue meanies pictures shrooms @ 7/30/2010 4:35:47 PM</h1> <p></p> <h1 id="stylesheets"> Inocybe Aerugin</h1> <p><p align="right"> Macroscopically, it is extremely &#100&#105&#102&#102&#105&#99&#117&#108&#116 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#100&#105&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103&#117&#105&#115&#104 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 semilanceata. Unlike the latter species, however, &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#112&#101&#108&#108&#105&#99&#117&#108&#111&#115&#97&#13&#10&#119&#105&#108&#108 &#103&#114&#111&#119 &#105&#110 forests on wood chips and sawdust. Beug and &#66&#105&#103&#119&#111&#111&#100 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#98&#108&#101 &#116&#111 furnish analytical proof in support of &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#108&#97&#105&#109 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#112&#101&#108&#108&#105&#99&#117&#108&#111&#115&#97 is weaker in its psychotropic effects than &#99&#111&#109&#112&#97&#114&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#112&#101&#108&#108&#105&#99&#117&#108&#111&#115&#97 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 30-50% &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#97&#109&#111&#117&#110&#116&#13&#10&#111&#102 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 found in Psilocybe &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#40&#115&#108&#97&#110&#103&#13&#10&#110&#97&#109&#101&#115&#58 &#66&#108&#117&#101 &#119&#97&#118&#121&#44 &#67&#121&#97&#110&#44 Grandote), a species common &#97&#99&#114&#111&#115&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#80&#97&#99&#105&#102&#105&#99 &#78&#111&#114&#116&#104&#119&#101&#115&#116&#46 It fruits primarily in parks, forming partial fairy &#114&#105&#110&#103&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#105&#115&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#100&#105&#100 &#110&#111&#116 become &#112&#111&#112&#117&#108&#97&#114&#13&#10&#97&#109&#111&#110&#103 &#117&#115&#101&#114&#115 &#117&#110&#116&#105&#108 &#116&#104&#101 mid-1970s. species still &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116&#115 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#97&#98&#117&#110&#100&#97&#110&#116&#108&#121 &#105&#110 the &#102&#97&#108&#108&#46&#13&#10&#65 &#78&#101&#119 &#80&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 Trips &#97&#115 &#97 &#80&#111&#112&#117&#108&#97&#114 &#83&#112&#111&#114&#116&#13&#10&#83&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#97&#100&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 Psilocybe species have been found &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#80&#97&#99&#105&#102&#105&#99 &#78&#111&#114&#116&#104&#119&#101&#115&#116&#44 even though the taxonomic classification of most of these species remains inadequate, &#100&#101&#115&#112&#105&#116&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#97&#99&#116 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#109&#111&#110&#111&#103&#114&#97&#112&#104&#115 such as those by P. Stamets offer quite detailed descriptions of the &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99&#13&#10&#109&#121&#99&#111&#102&#108&#111&#114&#97&#46 &#73&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#105&#100&#45&#49&#57&#55&#48&#115&#44 Guzman and Ott reported a rather spectacular event concerning the spread of a "new" mushroom species. During the fall of 1972, large numbers of a strongly bluing gilled mushroom with a distinct ring pattern were found at the University of &#87&#97&#115&#104&#105&#110&#103&#116&#111&#110 &#105&#110 &#83&#101&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 bodies were found growing &#111&#110 &#98&#97&#114&#107&#13&#10&#109&#117&#108&#99&#104&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#99&#97&#109&#101 from &#97 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#114&#97&#108 &#100&#105&#115&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#112&#111&#105&#110&#116 &#97&#110&#100 which &#104&#97&#100 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#108&#121 across the campus &#98&#121 &#103&#97&#114&#100&#101&#110&#101&#114&#115&#46 &#68&#117&#101 &#116&#111 Shit Shrooms In Finding In the bluing reaction, students &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#117&#110&#105&#118&#101&#114&#115&#105&#116&#121 &#97&#115&#115&#117&#109&#101&#100 that the mushroom contained psilocybin, a &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#102 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#119&#97&#115&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#114&#109&#101&#100 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#111&#110&#46 The sudden appearance &#111&#102&#13&#10&#109&#97&#115&#115&#105&#118&#101 &#110&#117&#109&#98&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#102 &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#98&#111&#100&#105&#101&#115 quickly inspired students &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#117&#110&#105&#118&#101&#114&#115&#105&#116&#121 &#116&#111 use &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#115 &#97 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#46&#13&#10&#73&#110 my opinion, it is still uncertain &#105&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#114&#101&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#115&#112&#111&#110&#116&#97&#110&#101&#111&#117&#115&#108&#121&#44 or whether it fruited on bark debris simply because the substance had previously &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#109&#105&#120&#101&#100 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#115&#112&#97&#119&#110&#13&#10&#100&#101&#114&#105&#118&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109 fruiting bodies that originated elsewhere. In any &#99&#97&#115&#101&#44 &#105&#110 &#49&#57&#55&#54&#44 &#116&#104&#101 mushrooms were named Psilocybe stuntzii &#71&#117&#122&#109&#97&#110 &#38 &#79&#116&#116 &#40&#115&#108&#97&#110&#103&#13&#10&#110&#97&#109&#101&#58 "blue veil" or "stuntzees", (see &#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#53&#52&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 &#55&#49&#41&#46 &#84&#111&#100&#97&#121&#44 the species can be found growing on bark and on lawns in parks, on golf courses, football fields &#97&#110&#100 &#103&#97&#114&#100&#101&#110&#115 &#105&#110 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magic+mushroom+grower+guide.asp" title="Magic Mushroom Grower Guide" alt="Magic Mushroom Grower Guide" >Magic Mushroom Grower Guide</a> &#110&#117&#109&#98&#101&#114&#115 so large that it &#105&#115 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#101&#99&#111&#110&#100 most important species in terms &#111&#102 &#117&#115&#97&#103&#101&#44 &#97&#102&#116&#101&#114 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 semilanceata. In addition, Panaeolus subbalteatus is another regionally important mushroom species &#40&#115&#108&#97&#110&#103&#13&#10&#110&#97&#109&#101&#58 &#34&#114&#101&#100 &#99&#97&#112&#34&#41&#44 &#101&#118&#101&#110 though its users believe it to be &#115&#108&#105&#103&#104&#116&#108&#121 &#109&#111&#114&#101 &#112&#111&#105&#115&#111&#110&#111&#117&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#110 the Psilocybe species.<br> Still, the mushroom is used quite frequently, because it &#98&#101&#103&#105&#110&#115 &#116&#111 &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116 &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#115&#112&#114&#105&#110&#103&#46 The Psilocybe species, on the other hand, do not appear &#117&#110&#116&#105&#108 &#102&#97&#108&#108 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#117&#101 to &#103&#114&#111&#119 &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121&#13&#10&#119&#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44 &#119&#104&#101&#110 temperatures &#99&#111&#110&#115&#105&#115&#116&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121 &#100&#114&#111&#112 &#98&#101&#108&#111&#119&#13&#10&#102&#114&#101&#101&#122&#105&#110&#103&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#105&#110&#104&#105&#98&#105&#116&#115 further &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101 </p> ure &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#13&#10&#40&#119&#105&#116&#104 &#115&#99&#108&#101&#114&#111&#116&#105&#97 formation). Figure 48 &#45 &#73&#110&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#97&#101&#114&#117&#103&#105&#110&#97&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#111&#110 grassy soil Figure <b> mushroons in cow compost</b> 49 &#45 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#111&#110 &#104&#111&#114&#115&#101 &#109&#97&#110&#117&#114&#101 and rice. portions &#111&#102 &#109&#121&#99&#101&#108&#105&#97 &#119&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#116&#101&#120&#116&#117&#114&#101 is somewhat like wool. The kind of viruses &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#99&#104&#97&#109&#112&#105&#103&#110&#111&#110 cultures - where &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#97&#108&#114&#101&#97&#100&#121&#13&#10&#99&#97&#117&#115&#101&#100 &#97 lot of damage - have &#115&#111 &#102&#97&#114 &#110&#111&#116 &#98&#101&#101&#110&#13&#10&#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 in cultures of &#116&#104&#101 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#73&#116 is safe to &#115&#97&#121 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#119&#101 &#99&#117&#114&#114&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121 know a great deal &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#110&#117&#116&#114&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#114&#101&#113&#117&#105&#114&#101&#109&#101&#110&#116&#115 of Psilocybe &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115&#46 &#84&#111 &#97 &#108&#101&#115&#115&#101&#114 &#101&#120&#116&#101&#110&#116&#44 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/psilocybe+cyanescens+buy+online.asp" title="Psilocybe Cyanescens Buy Online" alt="Psilocybe Cyanescens Buy Online" >Psilocybe Cyanescens Buy Online</a> such information is available about &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#97&#115&#13&#10&#119&#101&#108&#108&#46 &#65&#114&#109&#101&#100 with this &#107&#110&#111&#119&#108&#101&#100&#103&#101&#44 &#102&#117&#116&#117&#114&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104&#101&#114&#115 &#109&#97&#121 &#119&#101&#108&#108 discover new insights into physiology &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 &#97&#115 well as &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#98&#105&#111&#99&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#99&#104&#97&#110&#103&#101&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114 during fruiting.<br> In my experiments, it has already been established that the process of differentiation whereby mycelia are transformed into sclerotia or fruiting bodies is linked to increased production of psilocybin as well as &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#105&#110&#44 &#101&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115&#46&#13&#10&#68&#117&#101 to the relatively complex methodology and the &#116&#121&#112&#101 &#111&#102 &#101&#113&#117&#105&#112&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#110&#101&#101&#100&#101&#100 to isolate and maintain sterile cultures, it appears unlikely that cultivation of Psilocybe cubensis mushrooms by &#108&#97&#121&#112&#101&#114&#115&#111&#110&#115 &#119&#105&#108&#108 &#115&#105&#103&#110&#105&#102&#105&#99&#97&#110&#116&#108&#121&#13&#10&#104&#101&#105&#103&#104&#116&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 mushroom's popularity or widen &#105&#116&#115&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101&#97 &#111&#102 &#100&#105&#115&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#97&#110&#121&#116&#105&#109&#101 soon.<br> However, since the early 1980s, growing numbers of mycophiles in &#78&#111&#114&#116&#104 &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101 &#104&#97&#118&#101 successfully used "natural outdoor cultivation" to fruit Psilocybe cyanescens and similar species.<br> This &#112&#114&#111&#99&#101&#115&#115 &#105&#110&#118&#111&#108&#118&#101&#115 &#115&#101&#108&#101&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108 wood substrates striated &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#109&#121&#99&#101&#108&#105&#97&#13&#10&#40&#114&#104&#105&#122&#111&#109&#111&#114&#112&#104&#115&#41 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#117&#115&#117&#97&#108&#108&#121 turn blue in response to handling. The mycelia &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#110 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#102&#101&#114&#114&#101&#100 &#111&#110&#116&#111&#13&#10&#102&#114&#101&#115&#104 wood &#99&#104&#105&#112&#115 &#111&#114 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#101&#114&#99&#105&#97&#108 &#109&#117&#108&#99&#104 (not from cedar trees).<br> After &#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#109&#111&#110&#116&#104&#115 &#111&#102 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#116&#104&#44 the mycelia fruit during the fall season. Figure &#53&#48 &#45 &#83&#117&#114&#102&#97&#99&#101 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101 of Inocybe aeruginascens on a liquid nutrient medium.<br> Figure 51 - Panaeolus subbalteatus on cow dung and rice. Figure 52 - Psilocybe cubensis &#111&#110 &#119&#101&#116 &#110&#101&#119&#115&#112&#97&#112&#101&#114&#46&#13&#10&#67&#72&#65&#80&#84&#69&#82 &#55&#13&#10&#80&#83&#89&#67&#72&#79&#84&#82&#79&#80&#73&#67 MUSHROOM SPECIES AROUND THE &#87&#79&#82&#76&#68&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#53&#51 &#45 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 cubensis &#111&#110 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#111&#115&#116&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#53&#52 &#45 Psilocybe stuntzii (grasslands variety) from British &#67&#111&#108&#117&#109&#98&#105&#97&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#53&#53 &#45 &#71&#105&#97&#110&#116 mushroom &#115&#99&#117&#108&#112&#116&#117&#114&#101 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#75&#101&#114&#97&#108&#97&#44 &#73&#110&#100&#105&#97&#46 There is <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/psilocybin+grow+kits.asp" title="Psilocybin Grow Kits" alt="Psilocybin Grow Kits" >Psilocybin Grow Kits</a> &#99&#111&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101&#114&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#100&#101&#98&#97&#116&#101 &#97&#109&#111&#110&#103&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#116&#115 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#101 significance and purpose of the sculpture. Figure 56 &#45 &#77&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#38 water buffalo t-shirt from &#84&#104&#97&#105&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44&#13&#10&#100&#101&#115&#105&#103&#110&#101&#100 &#102&#111&#114 &#116&#104&#101 &#87&#101&#115&#116&#101&#114&#110 tourist market. CHAPTER 7.<br>1 SPOTLIGHT ON NORTH &#65&#77&#69&#82&#73&#67&#65 &#65&#78&#68 &#72&#65&#87&#65&#73&#73&#13&#10&#73&#110 &#49&#57&#54&#49&#44 V.E. Tyler became &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116&#13&#10&#105&#110&#118&#101&#115&#116&#105&#103&#97&#116&#111&#114 &#116&#111 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116 the detection of psilocybin in Psilocybe pelliculosa (Smith) Singer &#38 &#83&#109&#105&#116&#104&#44&#13&#10&#97 &#78&#111&#114&#116&#104 &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97&#110 mushroom species. One year later, two research groups, working independently, discovered psilocybin, as well as psilocin, in samples of Psilocybe baeocystis Singer &#38 &#83&#109&#105&#116&#104&#13&#10&#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#80&#97&#99&#105&#102&#105&#99 Northwest region of North America. &#65&#100&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#99&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#97&#120&#111&#110&#111&#109&#105&#99&#13&#10&#102&#105&#110&#100&#105&#110 <p align="left"> CATTLE AS A POSSIBLE DISPERSAL MECHANISM FOR PSYCHOACTIVE DUNG FUNGI One &#109&#97&#121 &#97&#115&#107 &#116&#104&#101 &#113&#117&#101&#115&#116&#105&#111&#110&#44 "how &#100&#105&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#114&#105&#118&#101 in Australia and New Zealand?" Well some &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#109&#97&#121 &#98&#101 &#101&#110&#100&#101&#109&#105&#99&#44&#116&#104&#97&#116 is, they were already there naturally. Other species such &#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#97&#98&#111&#118&#101 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101&#100 dung-inhabiting mushrooms most likelyappeared after the &#105&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#111&#110 the subcontinent.The first livestock &#116&#111 &#97&#114&#114&#105&#118&#101 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 were brought from the Cape of &#71&#111&#111&#100 &#72&#111&#112&#101 &#105&#110&#49&#55&#56&#56&#44 &#97&#110&#100 included &#50 &#98&#117&#108&#108&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#53 &#99&#111&#119&#115&#44 along with other &#100&#111&#109&#101&#115&#116&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#102&#97&#114&#109 &#97&#110&#105&#109&#97&#108&#115&#46 &#66&#121&#108&#56&#48&#51&#44 the <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/cow+manure+mushrooms.asp" title="Cow Manure Mushrooms" alt="Cow Manure Mushrooms" >Cow Manure Mushrooms</a> government owned approximately 1800 cattle, most of which were importedfrom the &#67&#97&#112&#101&#44 &#67&#97&#108&#99&#117&#116&#116&#97&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#101&#115&#116 coast of America. It was &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#112&#101&#114&#105&#111&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#115&#111&#109&#101 of the visionary mushrooms mentioned in this &#102&#105&#101&#108&#100 &#103&#117&#105&#100&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#98&#97&#98&#108&#121 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 appeared inAustralia (Unsigned, 1973). According &#116&#111 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116 &#74&#111&#104&#110 Burton Cleland(1934), "fungi growing &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#119 &#111&#114 &#104&#111&#114&#115&#101&#45&#100&#117&#110&#103 and confined to such habitats, &#109&#117&#115&#116 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#99&#97&#115&#101 &#111&#102 Australia, all belong to introduced &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#34&#46 &#73&#116 &#105&#115 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#101&#100 to have &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104&#65&#102&#114&#105&#99&#97&#110 &#100&#117&#110&#103 beetle which may have &#97&#99&#116&#117&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115&#46 According to Englishmycologist Roy Watling &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#82&#111&#121&#97&#108 &#66&#111&#116&#97&#110&#105&#99 Gardens in Glasgow, Scotland, "it must &#98&#101&#114&#101&#109&#101&#109&#98&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 &#99&#97&#110 change substrate preferences and there are coprophilousfungi on kangaroo droppings etc." Some &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#119&#104&#111 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#115&#116&#117&#100&#105&#101&#100 the "magicmushrooms" in Australia and NZ &#99&#108&#97&#105&#109 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#34&#117&#115&#101 of P. cubensis as a &#114&#101&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#100&#114&#117&#103&#116&#101&#110&#100&#115 &#116&#111 &#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#114&#109 the belief &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#91&#115&#111&#109&#101&#93 &#102&#97&#114&#109&#101&#114&#115 &#105&#110 early times &#91&#109&#97&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101&#93 &#97&#100&#100&#101&#100 &#111&#110&#101 or &#116&#119&#111 &#98&#97&#115&#105&#100&#105&#111&#109&#101&#115 &#91&#103&#105&#108&#108&#101&#100 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#93 to a mealto &#108&#105&#118&#101&#110 &#105&#116 &#117&#112 &#91&#97&#110&#100 still do] &#77&#97&#114&#103&#111&#116 &#38&#97&#109&#112&#59 &#87&#97&#116&#108&#105&#110&#103&#44 &#49&#57&#56&#49&#41&#46&#34&#13&#10&#13&#10&#67&#65&#84&#84&#76&#69 AS A &#80&#79&#83&#83&#73&#66&#76&#69 &#68&#73&#83&#80&#69&#82&#83&#65&#76 &#77&#69&#67&#72&#65&#78&#73&#83&#77 &#70&#79&#82 PSYCHOACTIVE DUNG FUNGI One &#109&#97&#121 &#97&#115&#107 &#116&#104&#101 &#113&#117&#101&#115&#116&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#34&#104&#111&#119 did &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#114&#105&#118&#101 &#105&#110 Australia and New Zealand?" Well some species may be endemic,that is, they were already there naturally.<br> &#79&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#97&#115 the above described dung-inhabiting mushrooms most likelyappeared after the &#105&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#111&#110 &#116&#104&#101 subcontinent.The first livestock to arrive &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#116 &#102&#114&#111&#109 the Cape of &#71&#111&#111&#100 &#72&#111&#112&#101 &#105&#110&#49&#55&#56&#56&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#105&#110&#99&#108&#117&#100&#101&#100 &#50 bulls and 5 &#99&#111&#119&#115&#44 &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 domesticated farm animals.<br> Byl803, the government &#111&#119&#110&#101&#100 &#97&#112&#112&#114&#111&#120&#105&#109&#97&#116&#101&#108&#121 &#49&#56&#48&#48 &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101&#44 most of which were importedfrom the Cape, Calcutta, and &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#101&#115&#116 &#99&#111&#97&#115&#116 &#111&#102 &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97&#46 It was during this period thatsome of the visionary mushrooms &#109&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#102&#105&#101&#108&#100 guide probably first appeared inAustralia (Unsigned, 1973). According to &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116 &#74&#111&#104&#110 &#66&#117&#114&#116&#111&#110 Cleland(1934), "fungi growing in cow or horse-dung and confined to such habitats, &#109&#117&#115&#116 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#99&#97&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#44 all &#98&#101&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#105&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#101&#100 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#34&#46 It is believed &#116&#111 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104&#65&#102&#114&#105&#99&#97&#110 dung beetle which may have &#97&#99&#116&#117&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115&#46 According &#116&#111 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#105&#115&#104&#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116 &#82&#111&#121 &#87&#97&#116&#108&#105&#110&#103 of &#116&#104&#101 &#82&#111&#121&#97&#108 &#66&#111&#116&#97&#110&#105&#99 &#71&#97&#114&#100&#101&#110&#115 in Glasgow, &#83&#99&#111&#116&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#34&#105&#116 &#109&#117&#115&#116 &#98&#101&#114&#101&#109&#101&#109&#98&#101&#114&#101&#100 that fungi can change substrate preferences and &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#112&#114&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#111&#117&#115&#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 &#111&#110 kangaroo droppings etc." Some mycologists who have studied the "magicmushrooms" in Australia &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#90 &#99&#108&#97&#105&#109 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 "use of P. cubensis as a recreational drugtends &#116&#111 &#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#114&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#102 that &#115&#111&#109&#101&#93 &#102&#97&#114&#109&#101&#114&#115 &#105&#110 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 times may have] added one or two &#98&#97&#115&#105&#100&#105&#111&#109&#101&#115 &#103&#105&#108&#108&#101&#100 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#93 &#116&#111 &#97 &#109&#101&#97&#108&#116&#111 liven it up and still do] Margot & &#87&#97&#116&#108&#105&#110&#103&#44 &#49&#57&#56&#49&#41&#46&#34&#13&#10&#13&#10&#67&#65&#84&#84&#76&#69 &#65&#83 &#65 POSSIBLE DISPERSAL MECHANISM FOR &#80&#83&#89&#67&#72&#79&#65&#67&#84&#73&#86&#69 &#68&#85&#78&#71 &#70&#85&#78&#71&#73&#13&#10&#79&#110&#101 &#109&#97&#121 ask the question, "how &#100&#105&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#114&#105&#118&#101 in &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#101&#119 &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100&#63&#34 Well some species may be endemic,that is, they were already there &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108&#108&#121&#46 &#79&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#115&#117&#99&#104 as the above described dung-inhabiting &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121&#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#97&#102&#116&#101&#114 the &#105&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#111&#110 the &#115&#117&#98&#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116&#46&#84&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#108&#105&#118&#101&#115&#116&#111&#99&#107 &#116&#111 arrive &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#116 from the &#67&#97&#112&#101 &#111&#102 &#71&#111&#111&#100 &#72&#111&#112&#101 in1788, and included 2 bulls and 5 cows, along with other domesticated farm animals.<br> Byl803, the government owned approximately 1800 cattle, most of which were &#105&#109&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100&#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#67&#97&#112&#101&#44 &#67&#97&#108&#99&#117&#116&#116&#97&#44 and the west &#99&#111&#97&#115&#116 &#111&#102 &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97&#46 &#73&#116 was during this period thatsome &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#97&#114&#121 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 mentioned in this field &#103&#117&#105&#100&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#98&#97&#98&#108&#121 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 inAustralia (Unsigned, 1973). &#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116 John Burton Cleland(1934), "fungi growing in cow or horse-dung and confined to such habitats, must in thecase of Australia, all belong to &#105&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#101&#100 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#34&#46 &#73&#116 &#105&#115 believed to have been the SouthAfrican dung beetle which &#109&#97&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#97&#99&#116&#117&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100 the spores. According to Englishmycologist Roy &#87&#97&#116&#108&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#82&#111&#121&#97&#108 &#66&#111&#116&#97&#110&#105&#99 Gardens in Glasgow, Scotland, "it &#109&#117&#115&#116 &#98&#101&#114&#101&#109&#101&#109&#98&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 can change &#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#114&#97&#116&#101 &#112&#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#114&#101 coprophilousfungi on kangaroo droppings &#101&#116&#99&#46&#34 &#83&#111&#109&#101 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#119&#104&#111 have studied the "magicmushrooms" in Australia and NZ claim that &#116&#104&#101 &#34&#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#80&#46 cubensis as a &#114&#101&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#100&#114&#117&#103&#116&#101&#110&#100&#115 &#116&#111 &#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#114&#109 the belief that some farmers in early times may &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#97&#100&#100&#101&#100 &#111&#110&#101 &#111&#114 two &#98&#97&#115&#105&#100&#105&#111&#109&#101&#115 &#91&#103&#105&#108&#108&#101&#100 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#116&#111 a mealto &#108&#105&#118&#101&#110 &#105&#116 &#117&#112 &#91&#97&#110&#100 &#115&#116&#105&#108&#108 do Margot & Watling, 1981).<br>" CATTLE AS &#65 &#80&#79&#83&#83&#73&#66&#76&#69 &#68&#73&#83&#80&#69&#82&#83&#65&#76 &#77&#69&#67&#72&#65&#78&#73&#83&#77 FOR &#80&#83&#89&#67&#72&#79&#65&#67&#84&#73&#86&#69 &#68&#85&#78&#71 &#70&#85&#78&#71&#73&#13&#10&#79&#110&#101 &#109&#97&#121 ask the question, &#34&#104&#111&#119 &#100&#105&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 arrive &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#101&#119 Zealand?" Well &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#109&#97&#121 &#98&#101 endemic,that is, they were already there &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108&#108&#121&#46 &#79&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#115&#117&#99&#104 as the above described dung-inhabiting mushrooms most likelyappeared after the introduction of cattle on the subcontinent.The first livestock &#116&#111 &#97&#114&#114&#105&#118&#101 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 were brought from the Cape of Good Hope &#105&#110&#49&#55&#56&#56&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#105&#110&#99&#108&#117&#100&#101&#100 &#50 bulls and 5 cows, along &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#100&#111&#109&#101&#115&#116&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#102&#97&#114&#109 animals.<br> Byl803, the government owned &#97&#112&#112&#114&#111&#120&#105&#109&#97&#116&#101&#108&#121 &#49&#56&#48&#48 &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101&#44 &#109&#111&#115&#116 of which were importedfrom &#116&#104&#101 &#67&#97&#112&#101&#44 &#67&#97&#108&#99&#117&#116&#116&#97&#44 &#97&#110&#100 the west coast of America. &#73&#116 &#119&#97&#115 &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#105&#115 period &#116&#104&#97&#116&#115&#111&#109&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#97&#114&#121 mushrooms &#109&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#102&#105&#101&#108&#100 guide probably first appeared inAustralia (Unsigned, 1973). According to Australian mycologist John Burton Cleland(1934), "fungi growing in cow or horse-dung and confined to such &#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#97&#116&#115&#44 &#109&#117&#115&#116 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#99&#97&#115&#101 of &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#44 &#97&#108&#108 &#98&#101&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#111 introduced species". It is believed to have been the &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104&#65&#102&#114&#105&#99&#97&#110 &#100&#117&#110&#103 &#98&#101&#101&#116&#108&#101 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 may have actually spread the spores. According to &#69&#110&#103&#108&#105&#115&#104&#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116 &#82&#111&#121 &#87&#97&#116&#108&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 Royal Botanic &#71&#97&#114&#100&#101&#110&#115 &#105&#110 &#71&#108&#97&#115&#103&#111&#119&#44 &#83&#99&#111&#116&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 "it &#109&#117&#115&#116 &#98&#101&#114&#101&#109&#101&#109&#98&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 can change substrate preferences and there are coprophilousfungi on kangaroo droppings etc." Some &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#119&#104&#111 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#115&#116&#117&#100&#105&#101&#100 the "magicmushrooms" in Australia &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#90 &#99&#108&#97&#105&#109 &#116&#104&#97&#116 the "use of &#80&#46 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#97&#115 &#97 &#114&#101&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 drugtends to confirm the belief that some farmers in early times may have added one or two &#98&#97&#115&#105&#100&#105&#111&#109&#101&#115 &#103&#105&#108&#108&#101&#100 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#116&#111 a mealto liven it up and still do Margot & Watling, 1981)." </p> It has been suggested by an Australian physician that the general public in Australia, as well as members of its drug using subculture, first became aware of the visionary properties of these psychoactive mushrooms by a visiting surfer(s), who came from either New Zealand or the United States (Hawaii) and most likely provided ethnomycological information to local surfers (McCarthy, 1971). This physician reported that the use of psychoactive mushrooms, as well as 21 other drugs "was well demonstrated during a survey on drug abuse that was conducted in Southern Queensland during l969." This survey relied on interviews of 51 people belonging to "the `surfer' subculture local beach resorts". In this report, the doctor believed that "although the survey involved surfers and their female friends, there is no suggestion that the use of these drugs is confined to this group, which constitutes but a proportion of our (Australian) young drug taking community." It is thus likely that word-of-mouth communication made a significant contribution to the increasing use of "magic mushrooms" in Australia and NZ. by A. Hofmann, Sandoz Pharmaceuticals manufactured about 2 kg (ca. 4.4lbs) of pure psilocybin for scientific research purposes. The results of pharmacological testing soon revealed psilocybin as an alkaloid that was perfectly safe for human subjects under controlled experimental conditions. Despite this evidence, the anti-drug legislative framework of the mid1960s firmly established an "official mycophobia", a misguided, yet entrenched policy that still prevails today and effectively prevents the scientific investigation of promising potential applications for psilocybin and other alkaloids. At the same time, mycological and biochemical research studies have shown that psilocybincontaining mushrooms thrive all over the world and can be found on all continents. These mushrooms are no different from any other mycoflora and must not be excluded from scientific investigation because of their alkaloid content. In addition to overall variations in value systems across cultures, individuals tend to develop their own personal attitudes towards mushrooms in general. Oftentimes, the evolution of specific opinions about mushrooms can be traced back to childhood events, even though such early experiences seldom account for the development of prevailing biases and value systems later in life. I recall an incident from my own childhood, which occurred when I was about five years old. I was playing in a grassy meadow, when a girl pointed to a brown mushroom and earnestly explained that it was inedible and poisonous. While I have never forgotten this encounter, I did grow up to become a devoted mushroom enthusiast. On the other hand, a different childhood event has left me with the vivid memory of discovering a landfill virtually covered with vast numbers of gilled bluing mushrooms and the sense of awe I experienced contemplating this sight. In general, the unusual characteristics of these mushrooms are most likely responsible for strong impressions formed early in life, which then may develop into various attitudes or beliefs later on. An enduring personal interest in psychotropic mushroom species can serve to amplify or diminish mycophobic as well as mycophilic dispositions, depending on the influence of other factors. After all, judgments about the benefit or folly of deliberately altering one's state of consciousness are also colored by individual preferences, biases and opinions. The following chapters are meant to illustrate this diversity of attitudes towards psychotropic mushrooms. Descriptions of planned and involuntary experiments with specific mushroom species offer convincing evidence that the effects of psychoactive mushrooms are open to many possible interpretations. CHAPTER 3 THE CURRENT STATE OF KNOWLEDGE ABOUT EUROPEAN SPECIES Figure 7 - Distribution pattern of Psilocybe cyanescens across Europe and North Africa (according to Krieglsteiner). Black dots indicate approximate locatio <p align="center"> &#77&#105&#110&#100&#45&#97&#108&#116&#101&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#40&#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#101 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103&#41 mushrooms &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#116&#114&#97&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#117&#115&#101&#100 in religious healing and curing &#99&#101&#114&#101&#109&#111&#110&#105&#101&#115 &#98&#121 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/hallucinogenic+shrooms.asp" title="Hallucinogenic Shrooms" alt="Hallucinogenic Shrooms" >Hallucinogenic Shrooms</a> &#110&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101 </p> More than half of Australia's beef cattle can be found &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#111&#97&#115&#116&#97&#108 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 of Queensland and New South Wales; &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#50&#48 &#116&#111 &#51&#48 inch (500-750mm) rainfall belt of Queensland, New South Wales and &#78&#111&#114&#116&#104&#101&#114&#110 &#86&#105&#99&#116&#111&#114&#105&#97&#44 &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#112&#114&#111&#118&#105&#100&#101 adequate climatic &#101&#110&#118&#105&#114&#111&#110&#109&#101&#110&#116&#115 &#102&#111&#114 &#116&#104&#101 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#116&#104 of &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#97&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#44 &#101&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#97&#102&#116&#101&#114 heavy rains. It has &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#115&#117&#103&#103&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#34&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 cubensis was introduced into Australia accidentally by early settlers along with their livestock.<br>" This same spore dispersal &#109&#101&#99&#104&#97&#110&#105&#115&#109 &#97&#108&#115&#111 &#112&#114&#111&#98&#97&#98&#108&#121 &#97&#112&#112&#108&#105&#101&#115 to Copelandia cyanescens, Panaeolus <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/Laughing+Jims/" title="Laughing Jims" alt="Laughing Jims" >Laughing Jims</a> subbalteatus and several additional species known to occur in or around &#116&#104&#101 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/drawings+of+magic+mushrooms.asp" title="Drawings Of Magic Mushrooms" alt="Drawings Of Magic Mushrooms" >Drawings Of Magic Mushrooms</a> &#100&#117&#110&#103 &#111&#102 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 ruminants. This includes Psilocybe semilanceata and the &#110&#111&#110&#45&#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99 &#34&#104&#97&#121&#109&#97&#107&#101&#114&#39&#115&#34 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#105&#110&#97 &#102&#111&#101&#110&#105&#115&#101&#99&#105&#105&#46 While cattle are raised in all Australian states, as well as in &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#114&#97&#108 &#108&#111&#119&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115&#44 &#114&#101&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 users have been known to export these psychoptic &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#116&#111 &#118&#97&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#105&#110 Australia from &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#119&#101&#114&#101 collected. &#73&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#97&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#78&#101&#119 Zealand, &#104&#101&#114&#101&#97&#102&#116&#101&#114 &#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#111 Finding Shrooms In Cow Shit &#97&#115 &#78&#90&#44 cattle are the primary source &#102&#111&#114 &#67&#111&#112&#101&#108&#97&#110&#100&#105&#97 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115&#44 &#98&#117&#116 the "liberty cap" mushroom Psilocybe semilanceata only &#103&#114&#111&#119&#115 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#110&#117&#114&#101&#100 soil of four-legged ruminants and not directly from &#109&#97&#110&#117&#114&#101 &#40&#74&#97&#110&#115&#101&#110&#44 &#80&#101&#114&#115&#46 &#67&#111&#109&#109&#46&#44 1988). The identification &#115&#101&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#103&#117&#105&#100&#101 documents reported locations for more than 1 dozen species of psilocybian &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 NZ which most likely have &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#117&#115&#101&#100 <b> Myspace Scotland Contact Table</b> &#97&#116 &#111&#110&#101 time or another &#102&#111&#114 &#114&#101&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#111&#115&#101&#115&#46 </p> <p>Mind-altering (psilocybine containing) mushrooms have been traditionally used in religious healing and curing ceremonies by native There are more than 1 dozen species of "magic mushrooms" in Australia and New Most users of the psychoactive visionary mushrooms have very little knowledge of their scientific names. Instead, they have given their favorite species local epithets which are commonly used by those who collect and ingest them. Some of these popular names are also known and applied by users outside of Australia and NZ. "Magic Mushrooms" is the most common term applied to any mushroom which contains psilocybine and/or psilocine. It was invented by a Life Magazine editor in l957 ( see Wasson, l957). Psilocybe cubensis is known in Australia as "golden tops", "gold tops" or sometimes "gold caps." The Australian epithets may have been given to this species by members of a local, drugusing group of surfers which frequented the Gold Coast region of Eastern Australia; however, some of these names have apparently been used to describe several different species of Psilocybe by users in Australia (see Allen, 1997). As mentioned above, Psilocybe cubensis is not known to occur in New Zealand. Those who ingest Copelandia cyanescens, known in Australia and New Zealand as "blue meanies", also refer to this species as "Blue Legs", "golden tops" or "gold caps". The latter two nicknames, as well as "dimple tops" and "cone heads", are common terms applied to Copelandia cyanescens in the Hawaiian Islands; and some of these same popular names have also been used by visiting surfers from both New Zealand and Australia, to describe the macroscopic characteristics of Copelandia cyanescens. These same surfers visiting Hawaii's North Shore have reportedly ingested mushrooms prior to surfing, as do many of the locally based surfers in Australia and NZ. More than half of Australia's beef cattle can be found in the coastal areas of Queensland and New South Wales; and the 20 to 30 inch (500-750mm) rainfall belt of Queensland, New South Wales and Northern Victoria, generally provide adequate climatic environments for the growth of psilocybian mushrooms, especially after heavy rains. It has been suggested that "Psilocybe cubensis was introduced into Australia accidentally by early settlers along with their livestock." This same spore dispersal mechanism also probably applies to Copelandia cyanescens, Panaeolus subbalteatus and several additional species known to occur in or around the dung of other ruminants. This includes Psilocybe semilanceata and the non-hallucinogenic "haymaker's" mushroom Panaeolina foenisecii. While cattle are raised in all Australian states, as well as in the central lowlands, recreational users have been known to export these psychoptic species to various areas in Australia from areas where they were collected. In the case of New Zealand, hereafter referred to as NZ, cattle are the primary source for Copelandia cyanescens, but the "liberty cap" mushroom Psilocybe semilanceata only grows in the manured soil of four-legged ruminants and not directly from manure (Jansen, Pers. Comm., 1988). The identification section of this guide documents reported locations for more than 1 dozen species of psilocybian mushrooms in Australia and NZ which most likely have been used at one time or another for recreational purposes. The first livestock to arrive in Australia were brought from the Cape of Good Hope in It has been suggested by an Australian physician that the general public in Australia, as well as members of its drug using subculture, first became aware of the visionary properties of these psychoactive mushrooms by a visiting surfer(s), who came from either New Zealand or the United States (Hawaii) and most likely provided ethnomycological information to local surfers (McCarthy, 1971). This physician reported that the use of psychoactive mushrooms, as well as 21 other drugs "was well demonstrated during a survey on drug abuse that was conducted in Southern Queensland during l969." This survey relied on interviews of 51 people belonging to "the `surfer' subculture local beach resorts". In this report, the doctor believed that "although the survey involved surfers and their female friends, there is no suggestion that the use of these drugs is confined to this group, which constitutes but a proportion of our (Australian) young drug taking community." It is thus likely that word-of-mouth communication made a significant contribution to the increasing use of "magic mushrooms" in Australia and NZ. More than half of Australia's beef cattle can be found in the coastal areas of Queensland and New South Wales; and the 20 to 30 inch (500-750mm) rainfall belt of Queensland, New South Wales and Northern Victoria, generally provide adequate climatic environments for the growth of psilocybian mushrooms, especially after heavy rains. It has been suggested that "Psilocybe cubensis was introduced into Australia accidentally by early settlers along with their livestock." This same spore dispersal mechanism also probably applies to Copelandia cyanescens, Panaeolus subbalteatus and several additional species known to occur in or around the dung of other ruminants. This includes Psilocybe semilanceata and the non-hallucinogenic "haymaker's" mushroom Panaeolina foenisecii. While cattle are raised in all Australian states, as well as in the central lowlands, recreational users have been known to export these psychoptic species to various areas in Australia from areas where they were collected. In the case of New Zealand, hereafter referred to as NZ, cattle are the primary source for Copelandia cyanescens, but the "liberty cap" mushroom Psilocybe semilanceata only grows in the manured soil of four-legged ruminants and not directly from manure (Jansen, Pers. Comm., 1988). The identification section of this guide documents reported locations for more than 1 dozen species of psilocybian mushrooms in Australia and NZ which most likely have been used at one time or another for recreational purposes. </p> <p> &#101&#100&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101 &#110&#117&#109&#98&#101&#114&#115 of studies were conducted, primarily with LSD. These investigators &#115&#111&#117&#103&#104&#116 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#101 &#114&#101&#99&#101&#112&#116&#111&#114 binding sites <H2> Blue Meanies Pictures Shrooms</H2> for hallucinogenic compounds in the brain and to understand the &#109&#101&#99&#104&#97&#110&#105&#115&#109&#115 &#117&#110&#100&#101&#114&#108&#121&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#103&#101&#110&#101&#115&#105&#115 &#111&#102 psychedelic visions. Today, we &#115&#116&#105&#108&#108&#13&#10&#108&#97&#99&#107 &#97 &#115&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#111&#114&#101&#116&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#102&#114&#97&#109&#101&#119&#111&#114&#107 able to explain &#116&#104&#101 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#104&#105&#112 &#98&#101&#116&#119&#101&#101&#110 &#99&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97&#108&#13&#10&#99&#111&#109&#112&#111&#117&#110&#100&#115 and the Research Dipropyltryptamine Chemicals Chemicals manifestation &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114&#13&#10&#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#69&#118&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#111&#117&#103&#104 basic &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#99&#101&#114&#116&#97&#105&#110&#108&#121 &#105&#109&#112&#111&#114&#116&#97&#110&#116&#44 &#105&#116&#115 methods, &#117&#110&#102&#111&#114&#116&#117&#110&#97&#116&#101&#108&#121&#44 &#97&#114&#101&#13&#10&#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#97 &#102&#117&#110&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 of a rather one-sided pharmacological approach to investigating the effects of psilocybin, &#76&#83&#68 &#97&#110&#100 &#109&#101&#115&#99&#97&#108&#105&#110&#101 &#45 an approach that is, &#105&#110 &#102&#97&#99&#116&#44 &#116&#111&#111 &#110&#97&#114&#114&#111&#119 &#116&#111 address the remarkably unusual nature of these substances and their effects.<br> Misunderstandings &#98&#101&#116&#119&#101&#101&#110 &#112&#104&#97&#114&#109&#97&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 &#116&#111&#120&#105&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#111&#110 the one hand and psychiatrists and &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#111&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 can often be traced all the way back to the &#49&#57&#53&#48&#39&#115&#44&#13&#10&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#97 &#108&#101&#103&#97&#99&#121 &#111&#102 disputes and arguments that have yet to be resolved. &#83&#46 &#71&#114&#111&#102 &#117&#110&#100&#101&#114&#116&#111&#111&#107 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#116&#101&#100&#105&#111&#117&#115 task of analyzing 5,000 experimental LSD protocols in an &#101&#102&#102&#111&#114&#116 &#116&#111 &#105&#115&#111&#108&#97&#116&#101 &#34&#97&#98&#115&#111&#108&#117&#116&#101&#34&#13&#10&#115&#121&#109&#112&#116&#111&#109&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 are &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#111&#114 &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114 &#97&#108&#108 of the time. His results &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#110&#101&#103&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#46 &#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 Grof, hallucinogenic &#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#110&#111&#110&#45&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#102&#105&#99 &#116&#114&#105&#103&#103&#101&#114&#115&#13&#10&#99&#97&#117&#115&#105&#110&#103 a sequence of altered <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magic/" title="Magic" alt="Magic" >Magic</a> &#115&#116&#97&#116&#101&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#100&#111 not fit &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#121&#110&#100&#114&#111&#109&#101&#13&#10&#108&#97&#98&#101&#108&#101&#100 &#34&#116&#111&#120&#105&#99 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#115&#105&#115&#34&#46 &#82&#97&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 it is the individual's personality, along with the experimental setting that &#115&#105&#103&#110&#105&#102&#105&#99&#97&#110&#116&#108&#121 &#115&#104&#97&#112&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101 &#111&#102 the &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#101&#100&#101&#108&#105&#99 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#46 &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#118&#105&#101&#119 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#115&#104&#97&#114&#101&#100 by a majority of experts <H2></H2> with &#99&#111&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101&#114&#97&#98&#108&#101&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#110&#100&#117&#99&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#101&#100&#101&#108&#105&#99&#115&#45&#97&#115&#115&#105&#115&#116&#101&#100&#13&#10&#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#97&#112&#121&#46 Even &#34&#114&#101&#97&#108&#34 &#115&#111&#109&#97&#116&#105&#99 &#115&#121&#109&#112&#116&#111&#109&#115&#44&#13&#10&#115&#117&#99&#104 &#97&#115 nausea or vomiting, can often stain blue caps magic mushroom mushroom be controlled through &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#118&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#116&#101&#99&#104&#110&#105&#113&#117&#101&#115&#13&#10&#97&#100&#109&#105&#110&#105&#115&#116&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#98&#121 trained professionals.<br> A Plethora &#111&#102 &#78&#97&#109&#101&#115&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#97&#100 &#114&#97&#110&#103&#101 of possible experiences inspired the use of labels other than "hallucinogens", &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#108&#121 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#101&#109&#97&#110&#116&#105&#99&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#110&#111&#116&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#58 entheogens, psychedelics, illusionogens, psycholytics, psychomimetics, psychodysleptica, psychoemetics and others. "Phantastica" (Lewin) is the oldest label ever used to describe this class of substances.<br> This term successfully evokes dream-like, fanciful aspects of the experience, &#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101 potential for euphoric and dysphoric emotional overtones. More recent terminology often says more about semantic biases of &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#119&#104&#111 &#117&#115&#101 &#116&#104&#101 labels than about any factual, objective characteristics of <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/Psilocybeaustraliana.asp" title="Psilocybeaustraliana" alt="Psilocybeaustraliana" >Psilocybeaustraliana</a> the alkaloids they refer to. Accordingly, official antidrug propaganda since the 1960's &#104&#97&#115 &#100&#105&#115&#112&#97&#114&#97&#103&#101&#100 &#34&#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#101&#100&#101&#108&#105&#99&#115&#34 &#97&#115&#13&#10&#101&#120&#99&#101&#115&#115&#105&#118&#101&#108&#121 glamorous and too positive a label, &#97&#115&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#116&#101&#114&#109 &#119&#97&#115 &#112&#111&#112&#117&#108&#97&#114 among Timothy Leary's fans and supporters. When used in low doses or for the first time, these substances are most likely to bring about a kind of magical transformation &#111&#102&#13&#10&#115&#117&#114&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103&#115&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97 &#104&#101&#105&#103&#104&#116&#101&#110&#101&#100 &#97&#98&#105&#108&#105&#116&#121 &#116&#111 perceive subtle differences along the color spectru . For that reason, freeze-dried samples for biochemical analysis are stored at -10°C prior to alkaloid extractions or chromatography testing. In addition to the reports from Finland, investigators in North America have noted that psilocybin's decay rate is slowest in Psilocybe semilanceata, compared to other species. (1) R = H2P03 (2) R = H Figure 19 - Structural formulas for psilocybin (1) and psilocin (2). CH3 CH3 Psilocybe semilanceata Figure 20 - Distribution pattern of Psilocybe semilanceata in Germany and adjacent areas. Locations are indicated by black dots. CHAPTER 3.2 PSILOCYBE CYANESCENS - POTENT MUSHROOMS GROWING ON WOOD DEBRIS At least one other Psilocybe species in addition to Psilocybe semilanceata is known to exist in Europe. At this point, I must emphasize that the differentiation of single species within the Psilocybe genus is subject to considerable controversy among eminent taxonomists. For example, there are different methods of distinguishing the Hypholoma genus from the Stropharia genus. The Widespread Distribution of Psilocybe cyanescens While Psilocybe semilanceata is a species that has long been clearly defined and is well known by this name, there are, according to Krieglsteiner, other strongly bluing mushrooms that can be described as belonging to the "Psilocybe cyanescens complex". These are all mushrooms that grow on raw compost and plant debris. In accordance with current states of knowledge, the following names in the literature are merely synonyms for Psilocybe cyanescens Wakefield emend. Krieglsteiner: different herbariums. However, the microscopic data pertaining to the Psilocybe species are poorly delineated and oftentimes overlap. It is therefore imperative that additional mycological studies of Psilocybe cyanescens be performed. To this end, fresh mushroom samples from various European locations should be used, and biochemical methods must be included in the investigation. Guzman's division of Psilocybe cyanescens by geographic area, however, definitely turned out to be inaccurate. According to his system, -North Africa was home to Psilocybe mairei, while Psilocybe cyanescens were found in England and Holland and Psilocybe serbica supposedly grew in Serbia and Bohemia. The geographic distribution of the entire species seems to cover a vast area, with variations along climate and terrain at locations where samples were collected. Such disparate morphologies are to be expected when dealing with "young" species, that is, species that have not yet firmly established themselves and are still expanding into new locations. Figure 7 (p. 14) displays locations in Europe and North Africa where samples of Psilocybe cyanescens have been found. - Hypholoma cyanescens R. Maire - Hypholoma coprinifacies (Rolland ss. Herink) Pouzar - Geophila cyanescens (R. Maire) Kuhner & Romagnesi - Psilocybe serbica Moser & Horak - Psilocybe mairei Singer - Psilocyb a have been reported from the following countries: Finland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, The Netherlands, Belgium, France, Russia, Poland, the former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Scotland, England, Wales, Italy and Spain. Unfortunately, there are no comprehensive maps detailing the species's distribution pattern. Traditionally, mycologists have often neglected relatively tiny species, such as Psilocybe semilanceata, that tend to share their habitats with other, more prominent species. The sarcastic phrase "The mushrooms occur in abundance wherever mycologists abound" is particularly pertinent in reference to the Psilocybe species. Prior to the discovery of psilocybin, the Psilocybe genus languished in the literature, shrouded in obscurity. To this day, few 189. Psilocybe semilanceata Fr. Worthless] The cap is uniformly conic to bell-shaped, with a pointy or obtuse center forming an almost wart-like protrusion; initially, caps are often taller than they are wide, margins are bent and curved inward; later on, width of cap is 1.5-4 cm. Hygrophanous; coloration is a dirtyish olive-brown when wet, with translucent striate margins; at the center, coloration is ocher or greenish-yellow against an overall shade of smudgy pale yellow and oftentimes some greenish stains; only the margins are banded by a darkcolored, watery stripe around the edge. No stripes or banding evident when mushrooms are completely dried. Lacking a veil, caps are thin-fleshed, bald, with an easily separable pellicle that remains gelatinous-sticky for a long time, turning shiny when dry. Gills are olive brown to blackish purple brown in color, with the edges often remaining white, gill spacing is quite crowded; gill attachment is either roughly linear or mostly adnexed; up to 3.5 mm wide; attached at the stem only, fully detached later on. Spores are elongated to ellipitical in shape, smooth and large, measuring 12-16 u by 6-8,u. Color of spore dust is blackish purple brown. Stem is very slender, almost uniformly thin and always twisted, 6-12 cm long and 1.25-2 mm thick, yellowish or whitish in color; areas subjected to pressure develop bluishgreen stains. Stems are silky smooth and roughly at the center, cortinate fibrils appear like remnants of a veil, which is brittle and lined with a white fibrous cord of wool-like texture. When dry, the flesh of the cap is colored pale yellow, while the stem's flesh is ocher brown in color, especially towards the bottom. It is odorless and its flavor is mild. The mushroom grows from August to October, frequently in gregarious clusters, and can be found in pastures and along roadways, growing on dung that has undergone complete decomposition. It is not a particularly rare species. Figure 11(above) This excellent description of Psilocybe semilanceata by Michael & Schulz (1927) is shown here as originally published in German, with an English translation. Mycologists sp It has been suggested by an Australian physician that the general public in Australia, as well as members of its drug using subculture, first became aware of the visionary properties of these psychoactive mushrooms by a visiting surfer(s), who came from either New Zealand or the United States (Hawaii) and most likely provided ethnomycological information to local surfers (McCarthy, 1971). This physician reported that the use of psychoactive mushrooms, as well as 21 other drugs "was well demonstrated during a survey on drug abuse that was conducted in Southern Queensland during l969." This survey relied on interviews of 51 people belonging to "the `surfer' subculture local beach resorts". In this report, the doctor believed that "although the survey involved surfers and their female friends, there is no suggestion that the use of these drugs is confined to this group, which constitutes but a proportion of our (Australian) young drug taking community." It is thus likely that word-of-mouth communication made a significant contribution to the increasing use of "magic mushrooms" in Australia and NZ. <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magic+mushroom+grow+box.asp" title="Magic Mushroom Grow Box" alt="Magic Mushroom Grow Box" >Magic Mushroom Grow Box</a> <p <b></b> align="left"> There &#97&#114&#101 &#109&#111&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#49 dozen <H3> Findingand Picking Shrooms In Australia</H3> species &#111&#102 &#34&#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#34 &#105&#110 Australia &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#101&#119 </p> <p align="left"> ulinary mushroom bears no resemblance, either in &#115&#105&#122&#101 &#111&#114 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#44 &#116&#111 &#73&#110&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#97&#101&#114&#117&#103&#105&#110&#97&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115&#46 Overall, however, these unfortunate cases have &#97&#108&#115&#111 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#101&#100 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/visionwhileonmushrooms.asp" title="Visionwhileonmushrooms" alt="Visionwhileonmushrooms" >Visionwhileonmushrooms</a> &#116&#111 &#111&#117&#114&#13&#10&#117&#110&#100&#101&#114&#115&#116&#97&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103 of mushroom biochemistry. In this &#99&#111&#110&#116&#101&#120&#116&#44 &#73 &#119&#97&#110&#116 &#116&#111 emphasize once more that the hallucinogenic varieties among &#116&#104&#101 &#73&#110&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#115 &#99&#97&#110 &#101&#97&#115&#105&#108&#121 be mistaken for those muscarine-producing Inocybe species that are extremely &#112&#111&#105&#115&#111&#110&#111&#117&#115&#46&#13&#10&#65&#115 &#112&#97&#114&#116 &#111&#102 &#104&#105&#115 investigation of the Psilocybe genus, Guzman &#110&#111&#116&#101&#100 &#97 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110&#13&#10&#116&#114&#97&#105&#116 &#97&#109&#111&#110&#103 the hallucinogenic species, in addition to the bluing reaction: a flour-like smell &#111&#114 &#116&#97&#115&#116&#101&#46 &#65&#112&#97&#114&#116 &#102&#114&#111&#109 the inherent subjective nature of our sense of smell &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#116&#97&#115&#116&#101&#44 &#97 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110 &#111&#100&#111&#114 is a trait that definitely does not apply &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 (also see Chapter 3.<br>2).<br> Mycophile or Mycophobe? There are reports from the &#87&#101&#115&#116&#101&#114&#110&#13&#10&#85&#110&#105&#116&#101&#100 &#83&#116&#97&#116&#101&#115 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#112&#101&#111&#112&#108&#101 with expert knowledge of Psilocybe semilanceata - devoted mushroom hunters who can identify the species &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#100&#114&#105&#108&#108 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#99&#99&#117&#114&#97&#99&#121&#46 At the same time, however, these &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#116&#115 &#99&#97&#110&#110&#111&#116&#13&#10&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#121 &#101&#97&#115&#105&#108&#121 &#115&#112&#111&#116&#116&#101&#100 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110 table mushrooms, nor are they &#97&#98&#108&#101 &#116&#111 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116&#105&#97&#116&#101&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#65&#103&#97&#114&#105&#99&#117&#115 species (champignons) from other mushrooms, even &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#103&#114&#111&#119 on the same pasture.<br> Such individuals, then, are not &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 than &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#46 &#73&#110 &#109&#121 &#111&#112&#105&#110&#105&#111&#110&#44 this attitude reflects a rare &#99&#111&#109&#98&#105&#110&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#109&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#111&#98&#105&#97&#46&#13&#10&#65 mushroom's spore dust provides important information needed to determine identity. &#65 &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101 &#112&#114&#105&#110&#116 &#105&#115 left by the gills when the &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 &#112&#108&#97&#99&#101&#100 &#111&#110 black &#111&#114 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101 &#112&#97&#112&#101&#114&#13&#10&#40&#100&#101&#112&#101&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#110 spore color). As the process takes several hours, a glass vessel must be placed over the cap to prevent drying.<br> While useful, information &#111&#98&#116&#97&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101&#13&#10&#97&#110&#97&#108&#121&#115&#101&#115 &#104&#97&#115 its &#108&#105&#109&#105&#116&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#44 &#70&#111&#114 &#105&#110&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101&#44&#13&#10&#115&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115 &#100&#101&#114&#105&#118&#101&#100 from mushrooms belonging to different genera may have the same color, but reveal basic &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#117&#110&#100&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#105&#99&#114&#111&#115&#99&#111&#112&#101&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101&#114&#101 is also a high degree &#111&#102 &#115&#105&#109&#105&#108&#97&#114&#105&#116&#121 &#97&#109&#111&#110&#103&#13&#10&#115&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 <u>Caerulipes Psilocybe</u> different Psilocybe species. Thus, the only way to prevent &#103&#114&#97&#118&#101 &#101&#114&#114&#111&#114&#115 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#112&#111&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#100&#101&#97&#100&#108&#121 &#105&#110&#116&#111&#120&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 is to rely on experienced &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#116&#115 &#102&#111&#114 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#13&#10&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#97 process that must include analysis of &#97&#118&#97&#105&#108&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#101&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#100&#97&#116&#97&#46&#13&#10&#67&#72&#65&#80&#84&#69&#82 &#53&#13&#10&#84&#72&#69 BLUING PHENOMENON AND METOL TESTING: REALITY &#86&#83&#46 &#87&#73&#83&#72&#70&#85&#76 &#84&#72&#73&#78&#75&#73&#78&#71&#13&#10&#65&#115 &#112&#114&#101&#118&#105&#111&#117&#115&#108&#121 &#100&#105&#115&#99&#117&#115&#115&#101&#100 in &#67&#104&#97&#112&#116&#101&#114&#115 &#51&#46&#49&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 &#51&#46&#55&#44 &#116&#104&#101 bluing reaction &#105&#115 &#99&#104&#97&#114&#97&#99&#116&#101&#114&#105&#115&#116&#105&#99&#13&#10&#111&#102 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#112&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#101 psilocybin.<br> Still, for unknown reasons, some species or samples belonging to a genus that usually turns blue may &#110&#111&#116 &#97&#108&#119&#97&#121&#115 &#99&#104&#97&#110&#103&#101 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 regardless of psilocybin content. Among the species that &#73&#13&#10&#104&#97&#118&#101 &#101&#120&#97&#109&#105&#110&#101&#100&#44 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#98&#111&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97&#13&#10&#100&#105&#115&#112&#108&#97&#121&#101&#100 the &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#105&#109&#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#105&#118&#101 &#98&#108&#117&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#114&#101&#97&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 &#84&#104&#101 caps of this species stain very quickly in &#114&#101&#97&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#116&#111 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#117&#114&#101&#46 &#79&#116&#104&#101&#114 species, such as &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#40&#69&#97&#114&#108&#101&#41 &#83&#105&#110&#103&#46&#13&#10&#104&#97&#118&#101 stems &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#100&#101&#118&#101&#108&#111&#112 &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#110&#115&#101&#108&#121 &#98&#108&#117&#101&#13&#10&#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#44 while their caps do not exhibit the bluing reaction. &#66&#121 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#114&#97&#115&#116&#44 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10 </p> <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/drug+shrooms.asp" title="Drug Shrooms" alt="Drug Shrooms" >Drug Shrooms</a> <p align="right"> &#68&#111&#115&#97&#103&#101&#115 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/drug+shrooms.asp" title="Drug Shrooms" alt="Drug Shrooms" >Drug Shrooms</a> &#102&#111&#114 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 <b> nutrient requirements Psilocybe</b> australiana Guzmán & Watling, Psilocybe eucalypta Guzmán & </p> </p> </div> <div id="footer"> <div class="left"> <a href="/ "muscaria vs. psilocybe".html" class="doNotPrint"></a><br /> <a href="/ where to find magic mushroom.html" class="doNotPrint"> shrooms pic</a> </div> <br class="doNotDisplay doNotPrint" /> <div class="right"> copyright © 2006 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/preventmushroomsoncattledung.asp" title="Preventmushroomsoncattledung" alt="Preventmushroomsoncattledung" >Preventmushroomsoncattledung</a><br /> design by <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/using+cow+dung+for+shrooms.asp" title="Using Cow Dung For Shrooms" alt="Using Cow Dung For Shrooms" >Using Cow Dung For Shrooms</a> </div></div> </body>