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&#116&#104&#101&#115&#101&#13&#10&#117&#110&#102&#111&#114&#116&#117&#110&#97&#116&#101 &#99&#97&#115&#101&#115 have also contributed to our understanding of mushroom biochemistry. In this context, I want &#116&#111 &#101&#109&#112&#104&#97&#115&#105&#122&#101&#13&#10&#111&#110&#99&#101 &#109&#111&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116 the hallucinogenic varieties among the &#73&#110&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#115 &#99&#97&#110 &#101&#97&#115&#105&#108&#121 &#98&#101 &#109&#105&#115&#116&#97&#107&#101&#110 for those muscarine-producing Inocybe species that are extremely poisonous. As part of his &#105&#110&#118&#101&#115&#116&#105&#103&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#103&#101&#110&#117&#115&#44 Guzman noted a common trait among &#116&#104&#101 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#97&#100&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110 to the &#98&#108&#117&#105&#110&#103 &#114&#101&#97&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110&#58 &#97 &#102&#108&#111&#117&#114&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#115&#109&#101&#108&#108 &#111&#114 taste. Apart from the inherent subjective &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101 &#111&#102 &#111&#117&#114 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/Pluteus+salicinus+in+illinois.php" title="Pluteus Salicinus In Illinois" alt="Pluteus Salicinus In Illinois" >Pluteus Salicinus In Illinois</a> &#115&#101&#110&#115&#101 &#111&#102 smell and taste, a common odor is a trait that definitely does not apply to the European species (also see &#67&#104&#97&#112&#116&#101&#114 &#51&#46&#50&#41&#46&#13&#10&#77&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#101 &#111&#114 &#77&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#111&#98&#101&#63&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101&#114&#101 are reports from the Western United States &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#112&#101&#111&#112&#108&#101 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#116&#13&#10&#107&#110&#111&#119&#108&#101&#100&#103&#101 of Psilocybe semilanceata - devoted mushroom hunters who can &#105&#100&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#121&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#100&#114&#105&#108&#108 and accuracy. At the same time, however, these experts &#99&#97&#110&#110&#111&#116&#13&#10&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#121 &#101&#97&#115&#105&#108&#121 &#115&#112&#111&#116&#116&#101&#100 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110 table mushrooms, nor are they able to &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116&#105&#97&#116&#101&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#65&#103&#97&#114&#105&#99&#117&#115 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#40&#99&#104&#97&#109&#112&#105&#103&#110&#111&#110&#115&#41 &#102&#114&#111&#109 other mushrooms, &#101&#118&#101&#110 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 grow on the &#115&#97&#109&#101 &#112&#97&#115&#116&#117&#114&#101&#46 &#83&#117&#99&#104 &#105&#110&#100&#105&#118&#105&#100&#117&#97&#108&#115&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#110&#44 &#97&#114&#101&#13&#10&#110&#111&#116 interested in species other than &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#46 &#73&#110 &#109&#121 &#111&#112&#105&#110&#105&#111&#110&#44 this attitude reflects a rare combination of mycophilia and mycophobia. A mushroom's spore dust provides important information needed to determine identity. A spore print is &#108&#101&#102&#116 &#98&#121 &#116&#104&#101 &#103&#105&#108&#108&#115 when the &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 &#112&#108&#97&#99&#101&#100 &#111&#110 black or white paper (depending on spore color). As the process takes several hours, &#97 &#103&#108&#97&#115&#115 &#118&#101&#115&#115&#101&#108 &#109&#117&#115&#116 be placed over the <H2>rhizomorphs P. Cubensis</H2> cap to prevent <H1>magic mushrooms oaxaca</H1> drying.<br> While useful, &#105&#110&#102&#111&#114&#109&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#98&#116&#97&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101&#13&#10&#97&#110&#97&#108&#121&#115&#101&#115 &#104&#97&#115 &#105&#116&#115 limitations, For instance, spores derived from mushrooms belonging to different genera may have the &#115&#97&#109&#101 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 &#98&#117&#116&#13&#10&#114&#101&#118&#101&#97&#108 &#98&#97&#115&#105&#99 differences under the microscope. There is also a high degree of &#115&#105&#109&#105&#108&#97&#114&#105&#116&#121 &#97&#109&#111&#110&#103&#13&#10&#115&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116 Psilocybe species. Thus, the only way to prevent grave &#101&#114&#114&#111&#114&#115 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#112&#111&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#100&#101&#97&#100&#108&#121 &#105&#110&#116&#111&#120&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 is &#116&#111 &#114&#101&#108&#121 &#111&#110&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#100 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#116&#115 for mushroom identification, a process that must include analysis of available ecological data. CHAPTER 5 THE BLUING &#80&#72&#69&#78&#79&#77&#69&#78&#79&#78 &#65&#78&#68 &#77&#69&#84&#79&#76&#13&#10&#84&#69&#83&#84&#73&#78&#71&#58 &#82&#69&#65&#76&#73&#84&#89 &#86&#83&#46 WISHFUL THINKING As previously discussed in Chapters 3.1 and &#51&#46&#55&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#108&#117&#105&#110&#103 &#114&#101&#97&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 is characteristic of species that produce psilocybin. &#83&#116&#105&#108&#108&#44 &#102&#111&#114&#13&#10&#117&#110&#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#114&#101&#97&#115&#111&#110&#115&#44 &#115&#111&#109&#101 species or samples belonging to a genus that &#117&#115&#117&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#116&#117&#114&#110&#115 &#98&#108&#117&#101&#13&#10&#109&#97&#121 &#110&#111&#116 always change color, regardless of psilocybin &#99&#111&#110&#116&#101&#110&#116&#46 &#65&#109&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 that I have &#101&#120&#97&#109&#105&#110&#101&#100&#44 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#98&#111&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97&#13&#10&#100&#105&#115&#112&#108&#97&#121&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#111&#115&#116 impressive &#98&#108&#117&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#114&#101&#97&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#99&#97&#112&#115 &#111&#102 this species stain very quickly in reaction to pressure. Other &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44&#13&#10&#115&#117&#99&#104 &#97&#115 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/Pluteus+salicinus+in+illinois.php" title="Pluteus Salicinus In Illinois" alt="Pluteus Salicinus In Illinois" >Pluteus Salicinus In Illinois</a> &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#40&#69&#97&#114&#108&#101&#41 &#83&#105&#110&#103&#46&#13&#10&#104&#97&#118&#101 stems that develop &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#110&#115&#101&#108&#121 &#98&#108&#117&#101&#13&#10&#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#108&#101 their caps do not exhibit the bluing reaction. By contrast, Psilocybe </div> and familiarity with psychotropic mushrooms in Europe that is most likely derived from usage of Psilocybes and related species, rather than experience with Amanita muscaria. However, it is extremely difficult to reject or confirm this hypothesis, due to the lack of conclusive data available for analysis today. Bwyd Ellylon: A Feast of Fairies in Celebration of the Spirit World Tales of ritualistic mushroom usage have found their way into the realm of myths and legends. For instance, one legend describes a peculiar poisonous mushroom in Wales (British Isles) with the strange name of Bwyd Ellylon, which was considered a delicacy by fairies feasting in celebration of the spirit world. Psilocybe semilanceata is the most important psilocybincontaining mushroom in Europe and it thrives in parts of Great Britain, where the mushroom grows abundantly all across the Welsh countryside during fall season. I would like to thank G. Samorini for pointing out that the Inquisition was unusually cruel and vicious in the Alpine valleys of Valcamonica, Valtrompia and Valtellina (located in the provinces of Brescia and Sandrio in Northern Italy). Many books chronicle countless witch burnings in that region, with particular emphasis on the witches' meetings at the "Monte del Tonale", located at an altitude of 2000 m (ca. 6,000 ft). Field research has shown that plants of the nightshade family ("witching herbs") do not grow at this altitude; even the fly agaric mushroom is rarely found there. By contrast, pastures in the area abound with Psilocybe semilanceata during the fall. Given this historical context, it would seem likely that Psilocybe semilanceata played an important role as a psychotropic agent in the region (see Figure 58, Chapter 7.4). In light of medieval accounts describing the practice of witchcraft, it is interesting to note that a subjective sensation of flying or levitation is among the commonly reported effects of psilocybin intoxication. Berserk Rage of Nordic Warriors In the course of the ideological power struggle between Christianity and the remnants of pagan religions that worshipped Nature, many sources of knowledge were lost. The aggressive repression and eradication of pre-Christian customs all but destroyed the continuity of Europe's original cultural heritage, along with much historic evidence documenting early cultural practices, including the usage of plants and mushrooms for the purpose of temporary alterations of consciousness. Some authors went so far as to blame the fly agaric mushroom for proverbial fits of "berserk rage" attributed to Nordic warriors. Many accounts detailing this phenomenon allude to a "deception of the eyes" (i.e. visual hallucinations). After the Nordic legal system banished the practice of "going berserk", it disappeared quite suddenly during the 12th century. At about the same time, Saxo Grammaticus speculated that the Berserkers may have used mag In addition, many early users of "magic mushrooms" in Australia may have first become aware of their mind-altering and visionary effects by reading the published literature or the many news items appearing in the popular Australian press during the late l960's and early l970's. These news items often described both accidental and deliberate intoxication's which resulted from the ingestion of several varieties of "magic mushrooms". For example, in 1972, one local newspaper report provided an account regarding the use of these mushrooms by young teenagers at a local high school in Brisbane: "...children at a suburban school are getting high on mushrooms called 'Gold Tops.' The mushrooms are common along the Brisbane River near Toowing High School, and children in search of `kicks' have been experimenting with them (Unsigned, 1972)." It would be very obvious to anyone who read this above mentioned news item, when it appeared in print, that those searching for hallucinogenic mushrooms would be able to find them if they so desired. There is yet another factor that may have played a significant role in promoting interest in the use of psychoactive mushrooms in Australia and NZ. Some drug users or mycophillic individuals may have read or heard of R. Gordon Wasson's personal account of his adventurous rediscovery of an hallucinogenic mushroom cult among the Mazatec Indians of Southern Mexico. Dr. Wasson reported the ceremonial use of certain mushrooms as divinatory substances among the Mazatecs and other native peoples in Oaxaca, Mexico (see Wasson, 1957). This journalistic report of Wasson's research expedition appeared in an international edition of Life Magazine in the late l950's, providing many drug users and others with the incentive to seek out, find, and eventually experiment with these mushrooms. a have been reported from the following countries: Finland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, The Netherlands, Belgium, France, Russia, Poland, the former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Scotland, England, Wales, Italy and Spain. Unfortunately, there are no comprehensive maps detailing the species's distribution pattern. Traditionally, mycologists have often neglected relatively tiny species, such as Psilocybe semilanceata, that tend to share their habitats with other, more prominent species. The sarcastic phrase "The mushrooms occur in abundance wherever mycologists abound" is particularly pertinent in reference to the Psilocybe species. Prior to the discovery of psilocybin, the Psilocybe genus languished in the literature, shrouded in obscurity. To this day, few 189. Psilocybe semilanceata Fr. Worthless] The cap is uniformly conic to bell-shaped, with a pointy or obtuse center forming an almost wart-like protrusion; initially, caps are often taller than they are wide, margins are bent and curved inward; later on, width of cap is 1.5-4 cm. Hygrophanous; coloration is a dirtyish olive-brown when wet, with translucent striate margins; at the center, coloration is ocher or greenish-yellow against an overall shade of smudgy pale yellow and oftentimes some greenish stains; only the margins are banded by a darkcolored, watery stripe around the edge. No stripes or banding evident when mushrooms are completely dried. Lacking a veil, caps are thin-fleshed, bald, with an easily separable pellicle that remains gelatinous-sticky for a long time, turning shiny when dry. Gills are olive brown to blackish purple brown in color, with the edges often remaining white, gill spacing is quite crowded; gill attachment is either roughly linear or mostly adnexed; up to 3.5 mm wide; attached at the stem only, fully detached later on. Spores are elongated to ellipitical in shape, smooth and large, measuring 12-16 u by 6-8,u. Color of spore dust is blackish purple brown. Stem is very slender, almost uniformly thin and always twisted, 6-12 cm long and 1.25-2 mm thick, yellowish or whitish in color; areas subjected to pressure develop bluishgreen stains. Stems are silky smooth and roughly at the center, cortinate fibrils appear like remnants of a veil, which is brittle and lined with a white fibrous cord of wool-like texture. When dry, the flesh of the cap is colored pale yellow, while the stem's flesh is ocher brown in color, especially towards the bottom. It is odorless and its flavor is mild. The mushroom grows from August to October, frequently in gregarious clusters, and can be found in pastures and along roadways, growing on dung that has undergone complete decomposition. It is not a particularly rare species. Figure 11(above) This excellent description of Psilocybe semilanceata by Michael & Schulz (1927) is shown here as originally published in German, with an English translation. Mycologists sp <p align="right"> It has been suggested by an Australian physician &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#108 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/hunting+for+shrooms/psilocybe+australiana.php" title="Hunting For Shrooms Psilocybe Australiana" alt="Hunting For Shrooms Psilocybe Australiana" >Hunting For Shrooms Psilocybe Australiana</a> &#112&#117&#98&#108&#105&#99 in Australia, as well as members of its drug using subculture, </p> was followed by a very vivid sensation of the soul in flight, coupled with feelings of euphoria.When looking out the window into the dark night of a forest landscape, visions of strange patterns and formations occurred, which were deeply impressive and seemed to impart an inkling of eternity. At the end of four hours, the effects had dissipated without dysphoria or any type of somatic side effect. A control experiment for comparison purposes was performed using 0.8 g of dried Psilocybe semilanceata. The onset of symptoms was much more sudden, including a heavy flow of tears, so that there was an initial phase of anxiety. Only in a later phase of the experience was it possible to perceive ornaments in the form of "underwater streamers", and to appreciate the aesthetically enhanced nature of these visions. The regular pattern of. involuntary intoxications is a good indicator for the large scope of expansion of Inocybe aeruginascens into new habitats during the 1980s. For example, at the time of the initial intoxications - when the species was still restricted to a few easily quantifiable collections - the mushrooms had spread from Potsdam to the location known in 1982, and from there moved on to several other locations in the vicinity, where more than 150 mushrooms were found (see Figure 34). Symbiosis With Trees Starting in late May 1984, fruiting bodies of the species could be found in abundance at countless new locations across the Brandenburg region of Germany. They tend to grow near the roots of different deciduous trees (Populus, Tilia, Quercus, Betula), on lawns in parks and gardens, at the edges of trails and in the paved margin areas of tree-lined sidewalks (where they may even grow on bare, sandy soil) as well as amongst the greenery of residential areas in the suburbs and communities in and around Berlin. Herein lies the most marked difference between Inocybe aeruginascens and other European psychotropic mushroom species: Inocybe aeruginascens grows only in areas of human development. Their prime locations are in the middle of villages and towns, where they grow locally much like other Inocybe species. They may temporarily produce mass quantities of fruiting bodies, in those locations that are typical habitats for the edible varieties of the fairy ring mushroom. So far, the most abundant crop of fruiting bodies was observed in 1987, due to very wet weather conditions, which allowed the mushrooms to thrive. The following years were comparatively dry and the species hardly fruited at all. It wasn't until 1990 that a few mushrooms re-emerged at the classic location in Potsdam. Despite 1989 having been a bad year for mushrooms, it was the year when Inocybe aeruginascens was found for the first time at four locations in and around Rostock, a city located on the Eastern German coast, which is famous for its wet climate. Finding the mushrooms at these locations is evidence for a mu e creek on wood chips of Carpinus, Alnus and Salix, on raw compost mixtures of Picea, Pinus and Larix needles, as Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Figure 21 - Fruiting curve of Psilocybe cyanescens based on observations at several locations in the former Czechoslovakia. The mycelia make use of different kinds of plant debris and even grow on wet cardboard, where they develop into rhizomorphs just like they would in nature. Rhizomorphs are thick strands of mycelia that serve to transport nutrients and water. They also develop intense blue stains (see Figure 22). Figure 23 Distribution pattern of Psilocybe cyanescens in Germany and adjacent areas (according to Krieglsteiner). Locations are indicated by black dots. Figure 22 Psilocybe bohemica rhizomorphs growing on wet cardboard. Figure 24 - Psilocybe cyanescens at a natural location (USA). Figure 25 - Psilocybe bohemica on twigs and leaves. Impressive Experiences Psilocybe bohemica is a very psychoactive species. Its effects are vividly documented in the following account of one natural scientist's experience as part of controlled clinical trials in Prague: About 30 mg of psilocybin in mushroom tissue was prepared in hot water, with effects already noticeable ten minutes after ingestion. I grew increasingly quiet. At first, my legs began to tingle, then my underarms as well. Aside from a deeper breathing rhythm, few other somatic effects were noted. Initially there were fits of laughter caused by unusual cognitive associations; this laughter also affected the two "sober" guides. A growing hyperacuity interfered with the ability to listen to music, so that Vivaldi's "Springtime" caused painful stabs inside the brain. I compared the pain to that caused by a "sawing knife". The experimenters appeared bloated and yellow... Existing bodily characteristics, such as thinning hair stimulated a person's illusionary transformation into a monk with tonsure. Their voices also appeared reverent and, from a somewhat paranoid point of view, these gentlemen at times seemed to be working a switching station that, for some reasons, was my enemy. At the same time, I found both of them to be quite likeable. During this time period, the other female subject perceived fantastic images of moving colors and saw visions of her whole life unfolding behind closed eyes. During this period, I had the distinct impression that an electrical current was flowing through my body, which was not an uncomfortable sensation. About three hours later, the gentlemen retired to the kitchen and the nature of the experience changed quite drastically. At first I felt as if my legs were increasingly merging into the wall, a very comfortable experience. In a state of utter clarity of consciousness, I finally felt as if I had no body at all. I said. "The most descriptive expression is the experience of a pure soul". Using words as triggers, we were able to induce shared experiences o <p align="center"> own cause of death and disease, bloated &#115&#116&#111&#109&#97&#99&#104&#115 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#105&#110&#115&#97&#110&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#66&#101&#108&#105&#101&#102&#115 &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#97&#115 these have survived to the present &#100&#97&#121&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#121 &#112&#101&#114&#115&#105&#115&#116&#44 &#102&#111&#114 example,,, &#97&#115&#13&#10&#102&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#115&#112&#101&#101&#99&#104&#44 &#115 u c h as the slick Austrian description of a societal &#109&#105&#115&#102&#105&#116 &#97&#115 &#115&#111&#109&#101&#111&#110&#101 &#34&#119&#104&#111&#13&#10&#97&#116&#101 those madness-inducing mushrooms." But, there is another, very different, magic mushroom legacy as well. Flesh of the Gods for Devil &#87&#111&#114&#115&#104&#105&#112&#112&#101&#114&#115&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#79&#108&#100 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100&#46 &#77&#121&#99&#101&#110&#97&#101&#97&#110 civilization began with a mushroom &#116&#114&#105&#112 &#45&#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101&#13&#10&#97&#110 &#105&#110&#103&#114&#101&#100&#105&#101&#110&#116 &#105&#110 the ambrosia of Dionysus. Porphyrius, the fourth century Latin &#112&#111&#101&#116 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#116&#101&#109&#112&#111&#114&#97&#114&#121 &#111&#102 &#69&#109&#112&#101&#114&#111&#114 Konstantin, knew that magic mushrooms were the children of &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#103&#111&#100&#115&#46&#13&#10&#87&#72&#79 &#87&#65&#83 &#84&#72&#69 &#70&#73&#82&#83&#84 MAGICIAN? A quasi-cannibalistic <u>in Psilocybe Psilocybe</u> ritual, the act of eating &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#99&#104&#105&#108&#100&#114&#101&#110 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#103&#111&#100&#115 unlocked one's power to experience &#116&#104&#101 &#116&#114&#117&#108&#121 &#100&#105&#118&#105&#110&#101&#46 &#66&#117&#116 not all mushrooms enable human beings &#116&#111 &#101&#110&#116&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#97&#108&#109 &#111&#102 &#100&#105&#118&#105&#110&#101 consciousness. &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#112&#111&#119&#101&#114&#13&#10&#114&#101&#115&#105&#100&#101&#115 &#105&#110 only those fungi &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#97&#115 &#34&#102&#111&#111&#108&#39&#115&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#34&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 were considered poisonous and believed to be &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#97&#119&#110 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 Devil throughout the late Middle &#65&#103&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#105&#110&#116&#111&#13&#10&#109&#111&#100&#101&#114&#110 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 New World: The Aztecs in &#77&#101&#120&#105&#99&#111&#13&#10&#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#97 &#110&#117&#109&#98&#101&#114 of small, inconspicuous mushrooms as teonartacatl, or "flesh of the Gods." These sacred mushrooms &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#101&#97&#116&#101&#110&#13&#10&#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#111&#117&#114&#115&#101 of rituals intended to contact the Gods in order to &#108&#101&#97&#114&#110 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#111&#114&#108&#100 and the realm of the &#100&#105&#118&#105&#110&#101&#46 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/development+of+coprophilous+Psilocybe+cubensis.php" title="Cubensis Development Coprophilous Psilocybe Development" alt="Cubensis Development Coprophilous Psilocybe Development" >Cubensis Development Coprophilous Psilocybe Development</a> &#84&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#13&#10&#114&#105&#116&#117&#97&#108&#115 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magic+mushrooms+in+horse/pictures+of+magic+mushrooms.php" title="Pictures In Mushrooms Horse Pictures Of Magic Magic" alt="Pictures In Mushrooms Horse Pictures Of Magic Magic" >Pictures In Mushrooms Horse Pictures Of Magic Magic</a> thoroughly spooked the Catholic Spaniards. The mushroom eaters, commonly thought of as &#68&#101&#118&#105&#108 &#119&#111&#114&#115&#104&#105&#112&#112&#101&#114&#115&#44 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#104&#111&#117&#110&#100&#101&#100&#13&#10&#98&#121 the Inquisition. Still, &#97&#108&#108 &#103&#111&#111&#100 &#116&#104&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#115&#117&#114&#118&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 tests of time, so the cult &#111&#102 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#13&#10&#101&#97&#116&#101&#114&#115 &#100&#105&#100 not become extinct.<br> Like mycelia underground, the cult continued to flourish, and at the proper time in &#114&#101&#99&#111&#114&#100&#101&#100 &#104&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#121&#44 &#105&#110 &#49&#57&#53&#55&#44&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 fruit &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#117&#108&#108&#121 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#110 mushroom re-surfaced to draw widespread public attention.<br> Valentine and Gordon Wasson became the heroes of the modern neo-mycophilic &#109&#111&#118&#101&#109&#101&#110&#116&#46&#13&#10&#66&#97&#99&#107 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#79&#108&#100 World: The revelations and insights gained &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 psychoactive mushrooms were so magically wonderful, that our native European "fool's &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#34 &#45 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104&#13&#10&#119&#101&#114&#101 &#103&#101&#110&#101 &#59 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101&#114&#101&#100 inedible - had to be recognized as closely related to the magic mushrooms of Mexico, the flesh &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#65&#122&#116&#101&#99&#13&#10&#71&#111&#100&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101 souls &#111&#102 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#105&#110 Mexico and &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121 &#97&#114&#101 &#101&#115&#115&#101&#110&#116&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#109&#97&#100&#101 from the same substance: &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#46&#13&#10&#74&#111&#99&#104&#101&#110 &#71&#97&#114&#116&#122 &#104&#97&#115 &#109&#97&#100&#101 an extraordinary contribution to the field of mycology by &#101&#109&#98&#114&#97&#99&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#39&#115 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#110&#100 the &#115&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99&#13&#10&#115&#116&#117&#100&#121 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#101&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#102 these &#102&#117&#110&#103&#105&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104&#13&#10&#101&#102&#102&#111&#114&#116&#115 &#117&#112&#111&#110 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#116&#104&#105&#115 book &#105&#115 &#98&#97&#115&#101&#100 &#114&#101&#113&#117&#105&#114&#101&#13&#10&#110&#111&#116&#104&#105&#110&#103 &#108&#101&#115&#115 than a fearless, brave and courageous consciousness, free &#111&#102 &#112&#114&#101&#106&#117&#100&#105&#99&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#111&#98&#105&#97&#46 I am &#99&#111&#110&#118&#105&#110&#99&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#97 &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104&#101&#114&#39&#115 consciousness infused by the spirit of the magic mushroom is capable of far &#100&#101&#101&#112&#101&#114 &#115&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99 &#105&#110&#115&#105&#103&#104&#116&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#110 we can ever expect &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#117&#115&#117&#97&#108 &#105&#118&#111&#114&#121 tower academics, isolated from reality </p> JOCHEN GARTZ MAGIC MUSHROOMS Around the World A Scientific Journey Across Cultures and Time The Case for Challenging Research and Value Systems * LIS PUBLICATIONS * LOS ANGELES, CA* Figure 1 - Water Color Painting of Psilocybe semilanceata (Germany, 1927) TABLE OF CONTENT (With Active Links' Just Click On A Subject To Go To The Page) "Who Was the First Magician?" - Foreword by Christian Ratsch 7 1. Introduction 9 2. Reflections on the History and Scientific Study of Magic Mushrooms 10 3. The Current State of Knowledge About European Species 14 3.1 Psilocybe semilanceata: The Classic Species Among European Psychotropic Mushrooms 16 3.2 Psilocybe cyanescens: Potent Mushrooms Growing on Wood Debris 29 3.3 Panaeolus subbalteatus: Mycology and Myths about the Panaeolus Species 37 3.4 Inocybe aeruginascens: Fast-Spreading New Arrivals 44 3.5 Gymnopilus purpuratus: Magnificent Mushrooms from South America 51 3.6 Conocybe cyanopus: Tiny Mushrooms of Remarkable Potency 55 3.7 Pluteus salicinus: A Little-known Wood-Inhabiting Species 58 4. Mushroom Identification: Taxonomic Confusion and the Potential for Deadly Mistakes 61 5. The Bluing Phenomenon and Metol Testing: Reality vs. Wishful Thinking 63 6. Mushroom Cultivation: Classic Findings and New Techniques 66 7. Psychotropic Mushroom Species Around the World 77 7.1 Spotlight on North America and Hawaii 79 7.2 Mycophilia in Central and South America 82 7.3 Australia's Mycoflora Attracts Attention 84 7.4 European Customs and Conventions 87 7.5 Japanese Experimentation 93 7.6 Intoxications and the Oldest Known Mushroom Cult in Africa 95 7.7 Usage in Southeast Asia and the South Pacific Islands 98 8. Some Comments on Effects of Mushrooms from the Category Phantastika 102 9. Psychotherapy 108 10. Outlook 114 11. Bibliography 120 Index 129 Figure 2 - Psilocybe cubensis from Australia Figure 3 - Water color painting of Panaeolus subbalteatus (Germany, 1927). Figure 4 - Fresh Panaeolus subbalteatus mushrooms. FOREWORD Nobody knows precisely when the first magic mushroom emerged from the shadows of prehistory to enter the light of consciousness. Nobody knows when the first magic mushroom was eaten by a human being. Nobody knows just who the first magic mushroom eater was. In seeking answers to these questions, we can only speculate. Mycophobes, however, are quick to voice their conviction that only a fool would be reckless enough to want to attain a higher state of consciousness beyond the boundaries of everyday reality. And only a fool would attempt to do this by ingesting those odd little things that mysteriously thrive on decaying, humid soil, rotten wood and malodorous mounds of cow manure. Historically, magic, mushrooms have been feared and hated` since antiquity: magic mushrooms were thought to be made from poisons that had dripped from serpents' fangs; they were considered to be unclean emissions of evil spirits; moreover, mushrooms were a kn <p align="justify"> &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#102&#97&#109&#105&#108&#105&#97&#114&#105&#116&#121 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 in Europe that is most likely derived &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#117&#115&#97&#103&#101 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#101&#100 species, rather &#116&#104&#97&#110&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#65&#109&#97&#110&#105&#116&#97 &#109&#117&#115&#99&#97&#114&#105&#97&#46 However, &#105&#116 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#101&#120&#116&#114&#101&#109&#101&#108&#121 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#105&#99&#117&#108&#116 &#116&#111 reject or confirm this hypothesis, due to &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#97&#99&#107 &#111&#102 &#99&#111&#110&#99&#108&#117&#115&#105&#118&#101 data available for analysis today. Bwyd &#69&#108&#108&#121&#108&#111&#110&#58 &#65 &#70&#101&#97&#115&#116 &#111&#102 Fairies &#105&#110&#13&#10&#67&#101&#108&#101&#98&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#83&#112&#105&#114&#105&#116 World Tales of ritualistic mushroom &#117&#115&#97&#103&#101 &#104&#97&#118&#101&#13&#10&#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#119&#97&#121 into &#116&#104&#101 &#114&#101&#97&#108&#109 &#111&#102 &#109&#121&#116&#104&#115 and legends. For instance, one &#108&#101&#103&#101&#110&#100 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101&#115 &#97&#13&#10&#112&#101&#99&#117&#108&#105&#97&#114 &#112&#111&#105&#115&#111&#110&#111&#117&#115 mushroom in Wales (British Isles) with the strange name of Bwyd Ellylon, which was considered &#97 &#100&#101&#108&#105&#99&#97&#99&#121 &#98&#121 &#102&#97&#105&#114&#105&#101&#115 &#102&#101&#97&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#105&#110 celebration of the spirit world.<br> Psilocybe semilanceata is &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#105&#109&#112&#111&#114&#116&#97&#110&#116 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#99&#111&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 in Europe and it thrives in parts of Great Britain, where &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#115&#13&#10&#97&#98&#117&#110&#100&#97&#110&#116&#108&#121 &#97&#108&#108 across the Welsh countryside during fall season. I would like &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#97&#110&#107 &#71&#46 &#83&#97&#109&#111&#114&#105&#110&#105 &#102&#111&#114&#13&#10&#112&#111&#105&#110&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#117&#116 that the Inquisition &#119&#97&#115 &#117&#110&#117&#115&#117&#97&#108&#108&#121&#13&#10&#99&#114&#117&#101&#108 &#97&#110&#100 &#118&#105&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115 in the &#65&#108&#112&#105&#110&#101 &#118&#97&#108&#108&#101&#121&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#86&#97&#108&#99&#97&#109&#111&#110&#105&#99&#97&#44 &#86&#97&#108&#116&#114&#111&#109&#112&#105&#97 and Valtellina (located in the provinces of Brescia &#97&#110&#100 &#83&#97&#110&#100&#114&#105&#111 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#78&#111&#114&#116&#104&#101&#114&#110 &#73&#116&#97&#108&#121&#41&#46 Many &#98&#111&#111&#107&#115 &#99&#104&#114&#111&#110&#105&#99&#108&#101 &#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#108&#101&#115&#115&#13&#10&#119&#105&#116&#99&#104 &#98&#117&#114&#110&#105&#110&#103&#115 in that region, with particular emphasis on the witches' &#109&#101&#101&#116&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#34&#77&#111&#110&#116&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#108 Tonale", located at an altitude of 2000 m (ca. 6,000 ft). Field research has &#115&#104&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#112&#108&#97&#110&#116&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#110&#105&#103&#104&#116&#115&#104&#97&#100&#101 family &#40&#34&#119&#105&#116&#99&#104&#105&#110&#103 &#104&#101&#114&#98&#115&#34&#41 &#100&#111 &#110&#111&#116&#13&#10&#103&#114&#111&#119 at &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#97&#108&#116&#105&#116&#117&#100&#101&#59 &#101&#118&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 fly agaric mushroom is &#114&#97&#114&#101&#108&#121 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101&#46 &#66&#121 contrast, pastures &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101&#97 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#119&#105&#116&#104 Psilocybe semilanceata &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#102&#97&#108&#108&#46 &#71&#105&#118&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#105&#115 historical context, &#105&#116 &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100&#13&#10&#115&#101&#101&#109 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#97&#116 Psilocybe semilanceata played &#97&#110 &#105&#109&#112&#111&#114&#116&#97&#110&#116 &#114&#111&#108&#101 &#97&#115 a psychotropic agent &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#114&#101&#103&#105&#111&#110 &#40&#115&#101&#101 Figure 58, Chapter 7.4). In &#108&#105&#103&#104&#116 &#111&#102 &#109&#101&#100&#105&#101&#118&#97&#108 &#97&#99&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#115 <H3>liberty caps shrooms</H3> describing the practice of witchcraft, it is interesting to note that a subjective sensation of flying or levitation is among the &#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110&#108&#121 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 intoxication.<br> Berserk Rage of Nordic <H2>Magic Mushrooms</H2> Warriors In the course of the ideological power struggle &#98&#101&#116&#119&#101&#101&#110 &#67&#104&#114&#105&#115&#116&#105&#97&#110&#105&#116&#121 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 remnants of pagan religions that worshipped Nature, &#109&#97&#110&#121&#13&#10&#115&#111&#117&#114&#99&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#108&#101&#100&#103&#101 &#119&#101&#114&#101 lost. The aggressive repression and eradication of pre-Christian customs all but destroyed the continuity &#111&#102&#13&#10&#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#39&#115 &#111&#114&#105&#103&#105&#110&#97&#108 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108 &#104&#101&#114&#105&#116&#97&#103&#101&#44 along with much <i>psychotropic mushrooms locate</i> historic evidence documenting early cultural practices, &#105&#110&#99&#108&#117&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 &#117&#115&#97&#103&#101 &#111&#102 plants and mushrooms &#102&#111&#114 &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#111&#115&#101 &#111&#102 temporary alterations of consciousness. Some &#97&#117&#116&#104&#111&#114&#115 &#119&#101&#110&#116 &#115&#111 &#102&#97&#114 as to blame the fly &#97&#103&#97&#114&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#102&#111&#114 &#112&#114&#111&#118&#101&#114&#98&#105&#97&#108 fits of &#34&#98&#101&#114&#115&#101&#114&#107&#13&#10&#114&#97&#103&#101&#34 &#97&#116&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#78&#111&#114&#100&#105&#99 warriors. &#77&#97&#110&#121 &#97&#99&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#115&#13&#10&#100&#101&#116&#97&#105&#108&#105&#110&#103 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/psychoactivelawnmushrooms.php" title="Psychoactivelawnmushrooms" alt="Psychoactivelawnmushrooms" >Psychoactivelawnmushrooms</a> &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#112&#104&#101&#110&#111&#109&#101&#110&#111&#110 allude to a "deception of the eyes" (i.e. visual hallucinations).<br> After the Nordic legal system &#98&#97&#110&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#114&#97&#99&#116&#105&#99&#101 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#34&#103&#111&#105&#110&#103 berserk", it &#100&#105&#115&#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#113&#117&#105&#116&#101 &#115&#117&#100&#100&#101&#110&#108&#121&#13&#10&#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 12th century. &#65&#116 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#97&#109&#101 time, Saxo &#71&#114&#97&#109&#109&#97&#116&#105&#99&#117&#115 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#117&#108&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 Berserkers may have used &#109&#97&#103 </p> <p align="right"> &#117&#114&#101 &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 semilanceata (with sclerotia &#102&#111&#114&#109&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#41&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#52&#56 &#45 &#73&#110&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 aeruginascens on grassy &#115&#111&#105&#108&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#52&#57 &#45 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 cubensis on horse &#109&#97&#110&#117&#114&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#114&#105&#99&#101&#46&#13&#10&#112&#111&#114&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#102 mycelia whose texture is &#115&#111&#109&#101&#119&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#108&#105&#107&#101 &#119&#111&#111&#108&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#107&#105&#110&#100 of &#118&#105&#114&#117&#115&#101&#115 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114 in champignon cultures - where they have already caused a lot of damage - have so &#102&#97&#114 &#110&#111&#116 &#98&#101&#101&#110&#13&#10&#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#105&#110 cultures of the Psilocybe and Panaeolus species. It is safe to say that we currently know a great deal &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#110&#117&#116&#114&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#114&#101&#113&#117&#105&#114&#101&#109&#101&#110&#116&#115 of Psilocybe cubensis.<br> &#84&#111 &#97 &#108&#101&#115&#115&#101&#114 &#101&#120&#116&#101&#110&#116&#44 such information is available &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#97&#115&#13&#10&#119&#101&#108&#108&#46 Armed with this knowledge, future researchers may well discover new insights &#105&#110&#116&#111&#13&#10&#112&#104&#121&#115&#105&#111&#108&#111&#103&#121 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 &#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108 as the biochemical changes that occur during fruiting.<br> In my experiments, it has already been established &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#99&#101&#115&#115 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magic+mushroom+spore/marinated+mushroom.php" title="Magic Mushroom Spore Marinated Mushroom" alt="Magic Mushroom Spore Marinated Mushroom" >Magic Mushroom Spore Marinated Mushroom</a> &#111&#102 differentiation whereby mycelia &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#102&#111&#114&#109&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#115&#99&#108&#101&#114&#111&#116&#105&#97 or fruiting bodies is linked to increased production of &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 &#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#97&#115 psilocin, especially in Psilocybe cubensis.<br> Due &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#108&#121 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#120&#13&#10&#109&#101&#116&#104&#111&#100&#111&#108&#111&#103&#121 and the &#116&#121&#112&#101 &#111&#102 &#101&#113&#117&#105&#112&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#110&#101&#101&#100&#101&#100 to isolate and maintain sterile &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115&#44 &#105&#116 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#115&#13&#10&#117&#110&#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#97&#116 cultivation of Psilocybe cubensis mushrooms by laypersons will significantly heighten the mushroom's popularity or widen &#105&#116&#115&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101&#97 &#111&#102 &#100&#105&#115&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#97&#110&#121&#116&#105&#109&#101 &#115&#111&#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#72&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 since the early 1980s, growing numbers of mycophiles <i>things to do on shrooms</i> in North &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#115&#117&#99&#99&#101&#115&#115&#102&#117&#108&#108&#121 used "natural outdoor cultivation" to fruit &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#115&#105&#109&#105&#108&#97&#114 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 This process involves &#115&#101&#108&#101&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108 &#119&#111&#111&#100 &#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#114&#97&#116&#101&#115 striated &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#109&#121&#99&#101&#108&#105&#97&#13&#10&#40&#114&#104&#105&#122&#111&#109&#111&#114&#112&#104&#115&#41 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#117&#115&#117&#97&#108&#108&#121 turn blue in &#114&#101&#115&#112&#111&#110&#115&#101&#13&#10&#116&#111 &#104&#97&#110&#100&#108&#105&#110&#103&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#109&#121&#99&#101&#108&#105&#97 are then transferred onto fresh wood chips or commercial mulch (not from cedar &#116&#114&#101&#101&#115&#41&#46 &#65&#102&#116&#101&#114 &#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#109&#111&#110&#116&#104&#115 of &#103&#114&#111&#119&#116&#104&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#109&#121&#99&#101&#108&#105&#97 &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116 &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 the &#102&#97&#108&#108 &#115&#101&#97&#115&#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#53&#48 &#45 Surface culture of Inocybe &#97&#101&#114&#117&#103&#105&#110&#97&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#111&#110 &#97 &#108&#105&#113&#117&#105&#100 nutrient medium. Figure 51 - Panaeolus subbalteatus on cow dung and &#114&#105&#99&#101&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#53&#50 <b>things to do on shrooms</b> &#45 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 cubensis on wet newspaper. CHAPTER &#55&#13&#10&#80&#83&#89&#67&#72&#79&#84&#82&#79&#80&#73&#67 &#77&#85&#83&#72&#82&#79&#79&#77 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/mazateca.php" title="Mazateca" alt="Mazateca" >Mazateca</a> &#83&#80&#69&#67&#73&#69&#83&#13&#10&#65&#82&#79&#85&#78&#68 &#84&#72&#69 WORLD Figure 53 - Psilocybe cubensis on compost. Figure 54 - Psilocybe stuntzii (grasslands variety) from British Columbia. Figure 55 - Giant mushroom sculpture from Kerala, India. There is considerable debate among experts about the &#115&#105&#103&#110&#105&#102&#105&#99&#97&#110&#99&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#111&#115&#101 &#111&#102 the sculpture.<br> Figure 56 - Magic mushrooms & water buffalo t-shirt from &#84&#104&#97&#105&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44&#13&#10&#100&#101&#115&#105&#103&#110&#101&#100 &#102&#111&#114 &#116&#104&#101 &#87&#101&#115&#116&#101&#114&#110 &#116&#111&#117&#114&#105&#115&#116 market. CHAPTER 7.1 SPOTLIGHT ON NORTH AMERICA AND &#72&#65&#87&#65&#73&#73&#13&#10&#73&#110 &#49&#57&#54&#49&#44 &#86&#46&#69&#46 &#84&#121&#108&#101&#114 &#98&#101&#99&#97&#109&#101 the &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116&#13&#10&#105&#110&#118&#101&#115&#116&#105&#103&#97&#116&#111&#114 &#116&#111 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116 &#116&#104&#101 detection of &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#112&#101&#108&#108&#105&#99&#117&#108&#111&#115&#97 &#40&#83&#109&#105&#116&#104&#41 Singer &#38 &#83&#109&#105&#116&#104&#44&#13&#10&#97 &#78&#111&#114&#116&#104 &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97&#110 mushroom species. One year later, two research groups, working independently, discovered psilocybin, as well as psilocin, in samples of Psilocybe baeocystis Singer & Smith from the &#80&#97&#99&#105&#102&#105&#99 &#78&#111&#114&#116&#104&#119&#101&#115&#116 &#114&#101&#103&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 North America. Additional chemical and taxonomic findin </p> Those who ingest Copelandia cyanescens, known in <div align="right"> <u>top things to do on shrooms</u> There &#97&#114&#101 &#109&#111&#114&#101 God flesh mushrooms &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#49 dozen species <u>God flesh mushrooms</u> of &#34&#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#34 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/shroomsscotlandgrowkit.php" title="Shroomsscotlandgrowkit" alt="Shroomsscotlandgrowkit" >Shroomsscotlandgrowkit</a> &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 and &#78&#101&#119 </div> xican mushroom species, so that these materials need not be repeated in this context. However, certain aspects concerning the more recent uses of these mushrooms as well as their conditions of growth will receive more detailed attention in later chapters. The main purpose of this book is to inspire further study of these mushrooms, particularly basic research efforts and medical applications of magic mushroom ingredients. The extensive bibliography will help scientists and other interested mycophiles to further immerse themselves in this complex area of study. Jochen Gartz Figure 6 - Bronze doors with mushroom motif entitled "Trial and Judgment" at Hildesheim Cathedral, Germany (ca. 1020). CHAPTER 2 REFLECTIONS ON THE HISTORY AND SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF MAGIC MUSHROOMS It is remarkable that cultures native to the American continent knew about a relatively large number of natural mind-altering substances compared to early cultures that evolved in Europe or Asia. Botanical evidence does not support the notion that Europe is home to fewer hallucinogenic plants than other regions. Furthermore, the growing number of recently discovered European mushroom species containing psilocybin indicate a flourishing psychotropic mycoflora in Europe similar to those found in other countries. It is unlikely that early European cultures learned less about local plants and mushrooms through usage and experience than cultures elsewhere in the world. Most likely, early cultural knowledge of European psychoactive plants and mushrooms was lost or destroyed at some time in history, probably as early as several hundred years ago. The discovery that the fly agaric mushroom (Amanita muscaria) was known for its psychoactive properties in Siberia invited the conclusion that this mushroom was used as a psychotropic agent in medieval Europe as well. In fact, there is very little evidence from the Middle Ages to indicate widespread knowledge of the effects of specific mushrooms on human consciousness. However, I believe that past reports on psychoactive mushrooms were causally linked to Amanita muscaria simply because this was the only known psychotropic mushroom in Europe at that time. While the usage of Amanita muscaria among Siberian tribes has generated reports of spectacular hallucinations, European accounts of fly agaric intoxications do not generally include descriptions of such intensely hallucinatory effects. Accordingly, the potent hallucinogenic effects of specific Psilocybes and related species are likely to have had a much more significant influence on early European cultures than the delirium-like visions induced by Amanita muscaria, a species that is also known to induce unconsciousness and severe somatic side effects. This hypothesis is corroborated by data from comprehensive field studies conducted in Mexico. I believe that historic accounts including those described below - indicate a knowledge of own cause of death and disease, bloated stomachs and insanity. Beliefs such as these have survived to the present day. They persist, for example,,, as figures of speech, s u c h as the slick Austrian description of a societal misfit as someone "who ate those madness-inducing mushrooms." But, there is another, very different, magic mushroom legacy as well. Flesh of the Gods for Devil Worshippers The Old World. Mycenaean civilization began with a mushroom trip -Mushrooms were an ingredient in the ambrosia of Dionysus. Porphyrius, the fourth century Latin poet and contemporary of Emperor Konstantin, knew that magic mushrooms were the children of the gods. WHO WAS THE FIRST MAGICIAN? A quasi-cannibalistic ritual, the act of eating the children of the gods unlocked one's power to experience the truly divine. But not all mushrooms enable human beings to enter the realm of divine consciousness. This magic power resides in only those fungi known as "fool's mushrooms", which were considered poisonous and believed to be the spawn of the Devil throughout the late Middle Ages and well into modern times. The New World: The Aztecs in Mexico referred to a number of small, inconspicuous mushrooms as teonartacatl, or "flesh of the Gods." These sacred mushrooms were eaten during the course of rituals intended to contact the Gods in order to learn about the world and the realm of the divine. These magic mushroom rituals thoroughly spooked the Catholic Spaniards. The mushroom eaters, commonly thought of as Devil worshippers, were hounded by the Inquisition. Still, all good things survive the tests of time, so the cult of magic mushroom eaters did not become extinct. Like mycelia underground, the cult continued to flourish, and at the proper time in recorded history, in 1957, the fruit of the fully grown mushroom re-surfaced to draw widespread public attention. Valentine and Gordon Wasson became the heroes of the modern neo-mycophilic movement. Back to the Old World: The revelations and insights gained from the use of psychoactive mushrooms were so magically wonderful, that our native European "fool's mushrooms" - which were gene ; considered inedible - had to be recognized as closely related to the magic mushrooms of Mexico, the flesh of the Aztec Gods. The souls of magic mushrooms in Mexico and Germany are essentially made from the same substance: psilocybin. Jochen Gartz has made an extraordinary contribution to the field of mycology by embracing Germany's magic mushrooms and the scientific study and testing of these fungi. The research efforts upon which this book is based require nothing less than a fearless, brave and courageous consciousness, free of prejudice and mycophobia. I am convinced that a researcher's consciousness infused by the spirit of the magic mushroom is capable of far deeper scientific insights than we can ever expect from the usual ivory tower academics, isolated from reality Most recreational users of Psilocybe cubensis (when grown in vitro) require a dosage of 1 to 2 gm of dried mushrooms to produce an altered state of consciousness; a clinical dosage for Psilocybe cubensis, on the other hand, had previously been reported as ranging from 3 to 5 gm of dried material. This dosage would be comparable to the amount of fungal material consumed for religious purposes in a Mazatec Indian healing and curing ceremony. In 1982, one research team "found that the level of psilocybin and psilocin varies over a factor of 4 among various in vitro cultures of Psilocybe cubensis, while specimens from outdoors varied tenfold." A fresh dosage of Psilocybe cubensis in Australia would be approximately from 1 to 2 large mushrooms weighing up to as much as one fresh ounce, or as many as from 25 to 50 small mushrooms equaling the same weight amount. Ethnopharmacologist Jonathan Ott (1976, 1993) noted that he has observed "the ingestion of from 0.5 gm to 5.9 gm dried weight (10 gm to 40 gm fresh)", of various species of Psilocybe. Dosage for Psilocybe subcubensis would be the same as for Psilocybe cubensis. Both of these latter two species are macroscopically alike. The usual dosage for Copelandia cyanescens required to induce psychedelic visual effects ranges from 1 to 3 large specimens (cap diameter c. 5 mm), or as many as 5 to l0 medium-sized mushrooms (cap diameter c. 2.5 mm); however, personal tolerance to this species may occur with continued use, and some who consume large amounts of this mushroom have reportedly ingested as many as 50 to 200 fresh specimens of various sizes. <div <u>Mush</u> align="right"> &#77&#111&#115&#116 &#114&#101&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#117&#115&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#102 Psilocybe cubensis (when grown in vitro) <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/picking+shrooms+england.php" title="England Picking Shrooms" alt="England Picking Shrooms" >England Picking Shrooms</a> &#114&#101&#113&#117&#105&#114&#101 &#97 &#100&#111&#115&#97&#103&#101 &#111&#102 </div> <p <i>hillucination mushrooms on cow poop</i> <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/psilocybe+arcana/buy+shrooms+online.php" title="Psilocybe Arcana Buy Shrooms Online" alt="Psilocybe Arcana Buy Shrooms Online" >Psilocybe Arcana Buy Shrooms Online</a> <u>hillucination mushrooms on cow poop</u> align="left"> &#84&#104&#111&#115&#101 cow shrooms &#119&#104&#111 &#105&#110&#103&#101&#115&#116 &#67&#111&#112&#101&#108&#97&#110&#100&#105&#97 cyanescens, &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 </p> <p align="justify"> The question of dosage is often confused <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/growing+mushroom/panaeolus+antillarum.php" title="Mushroom Panaeolus Antillarum Panaeolus" alt="Mushroom Panaeolus Antillarum Panaeolus" >Mushroom Panaeolus Antillarum Panaeolus</a> by the variation in the source of &#116&#104&#101 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/growing+mushroom/panaeolus+antillarum.php" title="Mushroom Panaeolus Antillarum Panaeolus" alt="Mushroom Panaeolus Antillarum Panaeolus" >Mushroom Panaeolus Antillarum Panaeolus</a> &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 is consumed.<br> </p> Existing evidence indicates that man in the Old World —Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia—has made less use of native plants and shrubs for their hallucinogenic properties than has man in the New World. There is little reason to believe that the vegetation of one half of the globe is poorer or richer in species with hallucinogenic properties than the other half. Why, then, should there be such disparity? Has man in the Old World simply not discovered many of the native hallucinogenic plants? Are some of them too toxic in other ways to be utilized? Or has man in the Old World been culturally less interested in narcotics? We have no real answer. But we do know that the Old World has fewer known species employed hallucinogenically than does the New World: compared with only 15 or 20 species used in the Eastern Hemisphere, the species used hallucinogenically in the Western Hemisphere number more than 100! Yet some of the Old World hallucinogens today hold places of primacy throughout the world. Cannabis, undoubtedly the most widespread of all the hallucinogens, is perhaps the best example. The several solanaceous ingredients of medieval witches' brews—henbane, nightshade, belladonna, and mandrake—greatly influenced European philosophy, medicine, and even history for many years. Some played an extraordinarily vital religious role in the early Aryan cultures of northern India. The role of hallucinogens in the cultural and social development of many areas of the Old World is only now being investigated. At every turn, its exte <p align="center"> More than half &#111&#102 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#39&#115 &#98&#101&#101&#102 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/drying+magic+mushroom/magic+mushroom+canada.php" title="Drying Magic Drying Mushroom Mushroom Canada" alt="Drying Magic Drying Mushroom Mushroom Canada" >Drying Magic Drying Mushroom Mushroom Canada</a> &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101 can be found &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#111&#97&#115&#116&#97&#108 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/mushroomspores.php" title="Mushroomspores" alt="Mushroomspores" >Mushroomspores</a> &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#111&#102 &#81&#117&#101&#101&#110&#115&#108&#97&#110&#100 </p> Most users of the psychoactive visionary mushrooms have very little knowledge of their scientific names. Instead, they have given their favorite species local epithets which are commonly used by those who collect and ingest them. Some of these popular names are also known and applied by users outside of Australia and NZ. "Magic Mushrooms" is the most common term applied to any mushroom which contains psilocybine and/or psilocine. It was invented by a Life Magazine editor in l957 ( see Wasson, l957). Psilocybe cubensis is known in Australia as "golden tops", "gold tops" or sometimes "gold caps." The Australian epithets may have been given to this species by members of a local, drugusing group of surfers which frequented the Gold Coast region of Eastern Australia; however, some of these names have apparently been used to describe several different species of Psilocybe by users in Australia (see Allen, 1997). As mentioned above, Psilocybe cubensis is not known to occur in New Zealand. Those who ingest Copelandia cyanescens, known in Australia and New Zealand as "blue meanies", also refer to this species as "Blue Legs", "golden tops" or "gold caps". The latter two nicknames, as well as "dimple tops" and "cone heads", are common terms applied to Copelandia cyanescens in the Hawaiian Islands; and some of these same popular names have also been used by visiting surfers from both New Zealand and Australia, to describe the macroscopic characteristics of Copelandia cyanescens. These same surfers visiting Hawaii's North Shore have reportedly ingested mushrooms prior to surfing, as do many of the locally based surfers in Australia and NZ. Most recreational users of Psilocybe cubensis (when grown in vitro) require a dosage of 1 to 2 gm of dried mushrooms to produce an altered state of consciousness; a clinical dosage for Psilocybe cubensis, on the other hand, had previously been reported as ranging from 3 to 5 gm of dried material. This dosage would be comparable to the amount of fungal material consumed for religious purposes in a Mazatec Indian healing and curing ceremony. In 1982, one research team "found that the level of psilocybin and psilocin varies over a factor of 4 among various in vitro cultures of Psilocybe cubensis, while specimens from outdoors varied tenfold." A fresh dosage of Psilocybe cubensis in Australia would be approximately from 1 to 2 large mushrooms weighing up to as much as one fresh ounce, or as many as from 25 to 50 small mushrooms equaling the same weight amount. Ethnopharmacologist Jonathan Ott (1976, 1993) noted that he has observed "the ingestion of from 0.5 gm to 5.9 gm dried weight (10 gm to 40 gm fresh)", of various species of Psilocybe. Dosage for Psilocybe subcubensis would be the same as for Psilocybe cubensis. Both of these latter two species are macroscopically alike. The usual dosage for Copelandia cyanescens required to induce psychedelic visual effects ranges from 1 to 3 large specimens (cap diameter c. 5 mm), or as many as 5 to l0 medium-sized mushrooms (cap diameter c. 2.5 mm); however, personal tolerance to this species may occur with continued use, and some who consume large amounts of this mushroom have reportedly ingested as many as 50 to 200 fresh specimens of various sizes. <p align="left"> ed and large numbers of studies were conducted, primarily with LSD. &#84&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#105&#110&#118&#101&#115&#116&#105&#103&#97&#116&#111&#114&#115 &#115&#111&#117&#103&#104&#116 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#101 receptor binding sites for hallucinogenic compounds in the brain &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#117&#110&#100&#101&#114&#115&#116&#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#101&#99&#104&#97&#110&#105&#115&#109&#115 underlying the genesis of psychedelic visions.<br> &#84&#111&#100&#97&#121&#44 &#119&#101 &#115&#116&#105&#108&#108&#13&#10&#108&#97&#99&#107 &#97 sound theoretical &#102&#114&#97&#109&#101&#119&#111&#114&#107 &#97&#98&#108&#101 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#108&#97&#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 relationship between chemical compounds and the manifestation of their psychoactivity.<br> &#69&#118&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#111&#117&#103&#104 &#98&#97&#115&#105&#99 &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104 is certainly &#105&#109&#112&#111&#114&#116&#97&#110&#116&#44 &#105&#116&#115 &#109&#101&#116&#104&#111&#100&#115&#44 &#117&#110&#102&#111&#114&#116&#117&#110&#97&#116&#101&#108&#121&#44 are often a function of &#97 &#114&#97&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#111&#110&#101&#45&#115&#105&#100&#101&#100&#13&#10&#112&#104&#97&#114&#109&#97&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#97&#112&#112&#114&#111&#97&#99&#104 to investigating the effects of psilocybin, LSD and mescaline - an approach that is, in &#102&#97&#99&#116&#44 &#116&#111&#111 &#110&#97&#114&#114&#111&#119 &#116&#111 address the remarkably &#117&#110&#117&#115&#117&#97&#108 &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 substances and their effects.<br> Misunderstandings between pharmacologists and toxicologists on the one hand and psychiatrists and psychologists on &#116&#104&#101 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#99&#97&#110&#13&#10&#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#98&#101 traced all the way back to the 1950's, creating &#97 &#108&#101&#103&#97&#99&#121 &#111&#102 &#100&#105&#115&#112&#117&#116&#101&#115 and arguments that have yet to &#98&#101 &#114&#101&#115&#111&#108&#118&#101&#100&#46 &#83&#46 &#71&#114&#111&#102 undertook &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#116&#101&#100&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#116&#97&#115&#107 &#111&#102 &#97&#110&#97&#108&#121&#122&#105&#110&#103 5,000 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#109&#101&#110&#116&#97&#108 &#76&#83&#68&#13&#10&#112&#114&#111&#116&#111&#99&#111&#108&#115 &#105&#110 &#97&#110 &#101&#102&#102&#111&#114&#116 to isolate "absolute" symptoms &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#97&#114&#101 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#111&#114 occur &#97&#108&#108 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#116&#105&#109&#101&#46 &#72&#105&#115 results were negative.<br> &#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#71&#114&#111&#102&#44&#13&#10&#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99 &#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101&#115 are non-specific triggers causing a sequence of altered states of consciousness, &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#100&#111 &#110&#111&#116 &#102&#105&#116 the syndrome labeled &#34&#116&#111&#120&#105&#99 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#115&#105&#115&#34&#46 &#82&#97&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#105&#116 is the individual's personality, along &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#109&#101&#110&#116&#97&#108 &#115&#101&#116&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#97&#116 significantly shape the nature of the psychedelic experience.<br> This view is shared by a majority of &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#116&#115 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101&#114&#97&#98&#108&#101&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#105&#110 conducting psychedelics-assisted psychotherapy. Even "real" somatic &#115&#121&#109&#112&#116&#111&#109&#115&#44&#13&#10&#115&#117&#99&#104 &#97&#115 &#110&#97&#117&#115&#101&#97 &#111&#114 vomiting, can often &#98&#101 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#114&#111&#108&#108&#101&#100&#13&#10&#116&#104&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#118&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110 techniques administered by trained professionals. A Plethora &#111&#102 &#78&#97&#109&#101&#115&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#97&#100 &#114&#97&#110&#103&#101 of possible experiences inspired the use of labels other than "hallucinogens", with widely differing semantic connotations: entheogens, psychedelics, illusionogens, &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#108&#121&#116&#105&#99&#115&#44 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#109&#105&#109&#101&#116&#105&#99&#115&#44&#13&#10&#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#100&#121&#115&#108&#101&#112&#116&#105&#99&#97&#44 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#101&#109&#101&#116&#105&#99&#115 &#97&#110&#100 others. "Phantastica" (Lewin) is the oldest label ever used to describe this class of substances.<br> This term successfully evokes dream-like, fanciful aspects of <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/goodthingstodoonmushroomtrips.php" title="Goodthingstodoonmushroomtrips" alt="Goodthingstodoonmushroomtrips" >Goodthingstodoonmushroomtrips</a> &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#44 &#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108 as the potential for euphoric and dysphoric emotional overtones. More recent terminology often says more about semantic &#98&#105&#97&#115&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#119&#104&#111 &#117&#115&#101 the labels than about any factual, objective &#99&#104&#97&#114&#97&#99&#116&#101&#114&#105&#115&#116&#105&#99&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#97&#108&#107&#97&#108&#111&#105&#100&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#121 refer to. Accordingly, official antidrug propaganda since the 1960's &#104&#97&#115 &#100&#105&#115&#112&#97&#114&#97&#103&#101&#100 &#34&#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#101&#100&#101&#108&#105&#99&#115&#34 &#97&#115&#13&#10&#101&#120&#99&#101&#115&#115&#105&#118&#101&#108&#121 &#103&#108&#97&#109&#111&#114&#111&#117&#115 and &#116&#111&#111 &#112&#111&#115&#105&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#97 &#108&#97&#98&#101&#108&#44 as the &#116&#101&#114&#109 &#119&#97&#115 &#112&#111&#112&#117&#108&#97&#114 &#97&#109&#111&#110&#103 Timothy Leary's fans and supporters. When used in &#108&#111&#119 &#100&#111&#115&#101&#115 &#111&#114 &#102&#111&#114 the first time, &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#109&#111&#115&#116 likely to &#98&#114&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#97 &#107&#105&#110&#100 &#111&#102 magical transformation &#111&#102&#13&#10&#115&#117&#114&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103&#115&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97 &#104&#101&#105&#103&#104&#116&#101&#110&#101&#100 ability to perceive subtle differences along the &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#116&#114&#117 </p> This document provides complete directions for cultivating psilocybin <div align="left"> &#101 &#99&#114&#101&#101&#107 &#111&#110 wood chips &#111&#102&#13&#10&#67&#97&#114&#112&#105&#110&#117&#115&#44 &#65&#108&#110&#117&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#83&#97&#108&#105&#120&#44 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/Can+I+order+a+psilocybin+mushroom+kit+in+tx.php" title="Can I Order A Psilocybin Mushroom Kit In Tx" alt="Can I Order A Psilocybin Mushroom Kit In Tx" >Can I Order A Psilocybin Mushroom Kit In Tx</a> on raw compost mixtures of Picea, Pinus and Larix needles, as Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Figure &#50&#49 &#45 &#70&#114&#117&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 <i>dried shrooms golden</i> &#99&#117&#114&#118&#101 &#111&#102 Psilocybe cyanescens &#98&#97&#115&#101&#100 &#111&#110 &#111&#98&#115&#101&#114&#118&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#97&#116 &#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108&#13&#10&#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 in &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#101&#114 &#67&#122&#101&#99&#104&#111&#115&#108&#111&#118&#97&#107&#105&#97&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#109&#121&#99&#101&#108&#105&#97 make use of different &#107&#105&#110&#100&#115&#13&#10&#111&#102 &#112&#108&#97&#110&#116 &#100&#101&#98&#114&#105&#115 &#97&#110&#100 even grow on wet cardboard, where they develop into rhizomorphs just like they &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#105&#110 &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101&#46 &#82&#104&#105&#122&#111&#109&#111&#114&#112&#104&#115 are <i>How To Pick Magic Mushrooms</i> thick strands of mycelia that &#115&#101&#114&#118&#101 &#116&#111 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#112&#111&#114&#116&#13&#10&#110&#117&#116&#114&#105&#101&#110&#116&#115 &#97&#110&#100 water.<br> They also develop &#105&#110&#116&#101&#110&#115&#101&#13&#10&#98&#108&#117&#101 &#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115 &#40&#115&#101&#101 &#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 22). Figure 23 Distribution &#112&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114&#110 &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#105&#110 Germany &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#100&#106&#97&#99&#101&#110&#116 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115&#13&#10&#40&#97&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#75&#114&#105&#101&#103&#108&#115&#116&#101&#105&#110&#101&#114&#41&#46 &#76&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#97&#114&#101&#13&#10&#105&#110&#100&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101&#100 by black dots. Figure 22 Psilocybe bohemica rhizomorphs growing on wet cardboard. Figure &#50&#52 &#45 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 at a natural location (USA). Figure 25 - Psilocybe bohemica on twigs &#97&#110&#100 &#108&#101&#97&#118&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#73&#109&#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#105&#118&#101 &#69&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#98&#111&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97 is &#97 &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#73&#116&#115 effects are vividly documented in &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#102&#111&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#97&#99&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116 &#111&#102 &#111&#110&#101 natural &#115&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#115&#116&#39&#115&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#97&#115 &#112&#97&#114&#116 &#111&#102 controlled &#99&#108&#105&#110&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#116&#114&#105&#97&#108&#115 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#80&#114&#97&#103&#117&#101&#58&#13&#10&#65&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#51&#48 mg of psilocybin in mushroom tissue was prepared in hot water, with effects already noticeable ten minutes &#97&#102&#116&#101&#114 &#105&#110&#103&#101&#115&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 &#73&#13&#10&#103&#114&#101&#119 &#105&#110&#99&#114&#101&#97&#115&#105&#110&#103&#108&#121 quiet. At first, my legs began to tingle, then &#109&#121 &#117&#110&#100&#101&#114&#97&#114&#109&#115 &#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108&#46 Aside &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#97&#13&#10&#100&#101&#101&#112&#101&#114 &#98&#114&#101&#97&#116&#104&#105&#110&#103 &#114&#104&#121&#116&#104&#109&#44 few other somatic effects were noted. Initially &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#102&#105&#116&#115 &#111&#102 laughter caused by unusual cognitive associations; &#116&#104&#105&#115&#13&#10&#108&#97&#117&#103&#104&#116&#101&#114 &#97&#108&#115&#111 &#97&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 two "sober" guides. A growing hyperacuity interfered with the ability to listen to music, so &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#86&#105&#118&#97&#108&#100&#105&#39&#115 &#34&#83&#112&#114&#105&#110&#103&#116&#105&#109&#101&#34&#13&#10&#99&#97&#117&#115&#101&#100 &#112&#97&#105&#110&#102&#117&#108 stabs inside the brain. I compared the pain to &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#99&#97&#117&#115&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#97 "sawing knife". The experimenters &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#98&#108&#111&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#97&#110&#100 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#46&#46&#46&#13&#10&#69&#120&#105&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103 bodily characteristics, such as &#116&#104&#105&#110&#110&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#104&#97&#105&#114 &#115&#116&#105&#109&#117&#108&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#97 &#112&#101&#114&#115&#111&#110&#39&#115 illusionary transformation into a monk with tonsure. Their voices also appeared reverent &#97&#110&#100&#44 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#97&#13&#10&#115&#111&#109&#101&#119&#104&#97&#116 &#112&#97&#114&#97&#110&#111&#105&#100 &#112&#111&#105&#110&#116 of view, &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#103&#101&#110&#116&#108&#101&#109&#101&#110&#13&#10&#97&#116 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 &#115&#101&#101&#109&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#98&#101 working a switching station that, for some reasons, was &#109&#121 &#101&#110&#101&#109&#121&#46 &#65&#116 &#116&#104&#101 same time, I &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#98&#111&#116&#104 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#109 to be quite likeable. During this time period, the other female subject perceived fantastic images &#111&#102 &#109&#111&#118&#105&#110&#103 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#115 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#115&#97&#119 visions &#111&#102 &#104&#101&#114 &#119&#104&#111&#108&#101 &#108&#105&#102&#101 unfolding behind closed &#101&#121&#101&#115&#46 &#68&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#112&#101&#114&#105&#111&#100&#44 I had the distinct impression that an electrical current was &#102&#108&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#116&#104&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104 &#109&#121 &#98&#111&#100&#121&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 was not an uncomfortable sensation. About three hours later, the gentlemen retired &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#107&#105&#116&#99&#104&#101&#110 &#97&#110&#100 the nature of the experience changed quite drastically.<br> At first I felt as if my legs were increasingly merging into the wall, a &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#99&#111&#109&#102&#111&#114&#116&#97&#98&#108&#101&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#46 &#73&#110 &#97 state of utter clarity of consciousness, I finally felt as if I &#104&#97&#100 &#110&#111 &#98&#111&#100&#121 &#97&#116 all.<br> I said. "The most descriptive expression &#105&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#111&#102 &#97 pure soul". Using words as triggers, we were able to &#105&#110&#100&#117&#99&#101 &#115&#104&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#111 </div> Most recreational users of Psilocybe cubensis (when grown in vitro) require a dosage of </p> <h1 id="cross-browser">rhizomorphs P. Cubesis @ 3/13/2010 1:26:44 AM</h1> <p></p> <h1 id="stylesheets">Psilocybin Mushroom Identification Uk</h1> <p>xican mushroom species, so that these materials need not be repeated in this context. However, certain aspects concerning the more recent uses of these mushrooms as well as their conditions of growth will receive more detailed attention in later chapters. The main purpose of this book is to inspire further study of these mushrooms, particularly basic research efforts and medical applications of magic mushroom ingredients. The extensive bibliography will help scientists and other interested mycophiles to further immerse themselves in this complex area of study. Jochen Gartz Figure 6 - Bronze doors with mushroom motif entitled "Trial and Judgment" at Hildesheim Cathedral, Germany (ca. 1020). CHAPTER 2 REFLECTIONS ON THE HISTORY AND SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF MAGIC MUSHROOMS It is remarkable that cultures native to the American continent knew about a relatively large number of natural mind-altering substances compared to early cultures that evolved in Europe or Asia. Botanical evidence does not support the notion that Europe is home to fewer hallucinogenic plants than other regions. Furthermore, the growing number of recently discovered European mushroom species containing psilocybin indicate a flourishing psychotropic mycoflora in Europe similar to those found in other countries. It is unlikely that early European cultures learned less about local plants and mushrooms through usage and experience than cultures elsewhere in the world. Most likely, early cultural knowledge of European psychoactive plants and mushrooms was lost or destroyed at some time in history, probably as early as several hundred years ago. The discovery that the fly agaric mushroom (Amanita muscaria) was known for its psychoactive properties in Siberia invited the conclusion that this mushroom was used as a psychotropic agent in medieval Europe as well. In fact, there is very little evidence from the Middle Ages to indicate widespread knowledge of the effects of specific mushrooms on human consciousness. However, I believe that past reports on psychoactive mushrooms were causally linked to Amanita muscaria simply because this was the only known psychotropic mushroom in Europe at that time. While the usage of Amanita muscaria among Siberian tribes has generated reports of spectacular hallucinations, European accounts of fly agaric intoxications do not generally include descriptions of such intensely hallucinatory effects. Accordingly, the potent hallucinogenic effects of specific Psilocybes and related species are likely to have had a much more significant influence on early European cultures than the delirium-like visions induced by Amanita muscaria, a species that is also known to induce unconsciousness and severe somatic side effects. This hypothesis is corroborated by data from comprehensive field studies conducted in Mexico. I believe that historic accounts including those described below - indicate a knowledge of ecialize in the study of Psilocybes, despite the fact that Psilocybe semilanceata is the most common and conspicuous species among the Psilocybes. Also, mushroom lovers whose interests are not purely scientific (see Chapter 7.4) do not usually preserve their knowledge for posterity in the form of distribution maps. However, there is one map from 1986, which shows the distribution pattern of Psilocybe semilanceata across Germany (see Figure 20, p. 28). Almost no published information is available about locations where Psilocybe species have been found in eastern Germany. During my own field trips, I have discovered Psilocybe semilanceata specimens in various locations, such as near my hometown of Mansfeld in the Vorharz Mountains, in the marshlands of Duben as well as in other eastern German marshland areas. In addition, friends who are also mycologists have told me about finding the mushrooms in other parts of the country. A book published in 1952 is among the rare sources that includes details about specimens discovered in the southeastern state of Saxony (see Figure 16, p. 23). The Psilocybe species grow most abundantly on wet pastures surrounded by forest areas. In my experience, Psilocybe semilanceata grows in most of Germany's forestlands. The species fruits during the fall, from late September through October. It favors acidic soil and grassy terrain alongside trails or around the edges of forest lands. Specimens are generally clustered in small groups of 30 mushrooms or less. Deer droppings or other animal feces are usually present at those locations, even though the mushrooms never grow directly on top of dung. Occasionally, extremely stunted specimens may be found in the mountains by the side of the road. The soil below older cow pastures provides an excellent medium for extensive mycelial growth. In some locations, large areas yield an abundance of fruiting bodies, mirroring the extent of mycelial saturation in the soil. Given adequate moisture, maximum yields can be expected, if the pasture was grazed at least once during the weeks before fruiting season. However, the mushrooms also thrive under similar conditions on horse and sheep pastures. Such grassy areas inside forests are usually grazing areas for deer, who provide the soil with additional fertilization. However, Psilocybe semilanceata does not grow in locations where artificial fertilizer has been used. Such pastures are often flanked by creeks or swamp lands, which saturate the soil with water. During the summertime, the warm climate in these wet areas provides an excellent environment for optimal mycelial growth. In Germany, the mushroom's habitat ranges from the coastal areas to mountainous regions, where the species has been found at altitudes of up to 1,720 m (5,160 ft) above sea level (MTB-8443, 1985). In the former Czechoslovakia, samples have been collected at altitudes ranging from 330 to 1,000 m (1,000 - <p align="justify"> The &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#101&#99 &#73&#110&#100&#105&#97&#110&#115&#44 &#119&#104&#111 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#97 long tradition of &#117&#115&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#44 &#105&#110&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116 &#97 &#114&#97&#110&#103&#101 of mountains called &#116&#104&#101 &#83&#105&#101&#114&#114&#97 &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#101&#99&#97 &#105&#110 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/psychedelic+cubensis.php" title="Psychedelic Cubensis" alt="Psychedelic Cubensis" >Psychedelic Cubensis</a> the northeastern corner &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#77&#101&#120&#105&#99&#97&#110 &#115&#116&#97&#116&#101 &#111&#102 Oaxaca. The shamans in this essay &#97&#114&#101 &#97&#108&#108 &#110&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 town of Huautla &#100&#101 &#74&#105&#109&#101&#110&#101&#122&#46 &#80&#114&#111&#112&#101&#114&#108&#121 &#115&#112&#101&#97&#107&#105&#110&#103 they &#97&#114&#101 &#72&#117&#97&#117&#116&#101&#99&#97&#110&#115&#59 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/pickingmagicmushroomsinTexas.php" title="Pickingmagicmushroomsintexas" alt="Pickingmagicmushroomsintexas" >Pickingmagicmushroomsintexas</a> &#98&#117&#116 &#115&#105&#110&#99&#101 the &#108&#97&#110&#103&#117&#97&#103&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#115&#112&#101&#97&#107 &#104&#97&#115 been called Mazatec and they &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#111 in the previous anthropological &#108&#105&#116&#101&#114&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101 &#97&#115 &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#101&#99&#115&#44 &#73 have retained that name, though strictly speaking, &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#101&#99&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#105&#110&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#97&#110&#116&#115 of &#116&#104&#101 &#118&#105&#108&#108&#97&#103&#101 &#111&#102 &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#108&#97&#110 &#105&#110 the same mountains.<br> </p> <div align="right"> &#101&#100&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101 &#110&#117&#109&#98&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#102 &#115&#116&#117&#100&#105&#101&#115 were conducted, primarily with &#76&#83&#68&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#105&#110&#118&#101&#115&#116&#105&#103&#97&#116&#111&#114&#115 &#115&#111&#117&#103&#104&#116 to discover <b>psilocybe Jersey psilocybe mushrooms in</b> the &#114&#101&#99&#101&#112&#116&#111&#114 &#98&#105&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#105&#116&#101&#115 &#102&#111&#114&#13&#10&#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99 compounds &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#114&#97&#105&#110 &#97&#110&#100 to understand the mechanisms underlying the genesis of &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#101&#100&#101&#108&#105&#99 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#115&#46 &#84&#111&#100&#97&#121&#44 &#119&#101 &#115&#116&#105&#108&#108&#13&#10&#108&#97&#99&#107 a sound &#116&#104&#101&#111&#114&#101&#116&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#102&#114&#97&#109&#101&#119&#111&#114&#107 &#97&#98&#108&#101 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#108&#97&#105&#110 the &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#104&#105&#112 &#98&#101&#116&#119&#101&#101&#110 &#99&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97&#108&#13&#10&#99&#111&#109&#112&#111&#117&#110&#100&#115 &#97&#110&#100 the manifestation of their psychoactivity. Even though &#98&#97&#115&#105&#99 &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#99&#101&#114&#116&#97&#105&#110&#108&#121 &#105&#109&#112&#111&#114&#116&#97&#110&#116&#44 its methods, unfortunately, are often &#97 &#102&#117&#110&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#97 rather one-sided pharmacological approach to investigating the effects of psilocybin, LSD and <b>psilocybe Jersey psilocybe mushrooms in</b> mescaline - an approach that is, in fact, too narrow to &#97&#100&#100&#114&#101&#115&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#114&#107&#97&#98&#108&#121 &#117&#110&#117&#115&#117&#97&#108 &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101 of these substances and their effects.<br> Misunderstandings between pharmacologists and toxicologists on the one hand and psychiatrists &#97&#110&#100 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#111&#110 &#116&#104&#101 other &#99&#97&#110&#13&#10&#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#98&#101 &#116&#114&#97&#99&#101&#100 &#97&#108&#108 the way &#98&#97&#99&#107 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#49&#57&#53&#48&#39&#115&#44&#13&#10&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#110&#103 a legacy of disputes and arguments that have yet to be resolved. &#83&#46 &#71&#114&#111&#102 &#117&#110&#100&#101&#114&#116&#111&#111&#107 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#116&#101&#100&#105&#111&#117&#115 task of analyzing 5,000 experimental LSD protocols in an &#101&#102&#102&#111&#114&#116 &#116&#111 &#105&#115&#111&#108&#97&#116&#101 &#34&#97&#98&#115&#111&#108&#117&#116&#101&#34&#13&#10&#115&#121&#109&#112&#116&#111&#109&#115 that are &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#111&#114 &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114 &#97&#108&#108 of the time. His results &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#110&#101&#103&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#46 &#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 Grof, hallucinogenic substances are non-specific &#116&#114&#105&#103&#103&#101&#114&#115&#13&#10&#99&#97&#117&#115&#105&#110&#103 &#97 &#115&#101&#113&#117&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#111&#102 altered states of consciousness, &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#100&#111 &#110&#111&#116 &#102&#105&#116 the syndrome labeled "toxic psychosis".<br> &#82&#97&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#105&#116 &#105&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#105&#110&#100&#105&#118&#105&#100&#117&#97&#108&#39&#115 personality, along with &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#109&#101&#110&#116&#97&#108 &#115&#101&#116&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#115&#105&#103&#110&#105&#102&#105&#99&#97&#110&#116&#108&#121 shape the nature of the psychedelic experience. &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#118&#105&#101&#119 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#115&#104&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#98&#121 a majority of <u>psilocybe Jersey psilocybe mushrooms in</u> experts with considerable experience &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#110&#100&#117&#99&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#101&#100&#101&#108&#105&#99&#115&#45&#97&#115&#115&#105&#115&#116&#101&#100&#13&#10&#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#97&#112&#121&#46 &#69&#118&#101&#110 "real" somatic symptoms, such &#97&#115 &#110&#97&#117&#115&#101&#97 &#111&#114 &#118&#111&#109&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103&#44 can often be controlled through psychological &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#118&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#116&#101&#99&#104&#110&#105&#113&#117&#101&#115&#13&#10&#97&#100&#109&#105&#110&#105&#115&#116&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#116&#114&#97&#105&#110&#101&#100 professionals.<br> A Plethora of Names The broad range of &#112&#111&#115&#115&#105&#98&#108&#101 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115&#13&#10&#105&#110&#115&#112&#105&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#117&#115&#101 of labels &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#97&#110&#13&#10&#34&#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#115&#34&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#108&#121 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#105&#110&#103 semantic connotations: entheogens, psychedelics, illusionogens, psycholytics, psychomimetics, psychodysleptica, psychoemetics and others.<br> "Phantastica" (Lewin) is the oldest label ever used to &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#99&#108&#97&#115&#115 &#111&#102 substances. This term &#115&#117&#99&#99&#101&#115&#115&#102&#117&#108&#108&#121 &#101&#118&#111&#107&#101&#115 &#100&#114&#101&#97&#109&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101&#44 &#102&#97&#110&#99&#105&#102&#117&#108&#13&#10&#97&#115&#112&#101&#99&#116&#115 of the experience, as well as the potential for euphoric and dysphoric <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/identifyingdriedcubensismushrooms.php" title="Identifyingdriedcubensismushrooms" alt="Identifyingdriedcubensismushrooms" >Identifyingdriedcubensismushrooms</a> emotional overtones. More recent <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/wheredomagicmushroomsgrownaturally.php" title="Wheredomagicmushroomsgrownaturally" alt="Wheredomagicmushroomsgrownaturally" >Wheredomagicmushroomsgrownaturally</a> terminology often says more &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116&#13&#10&#115&#101&#109&#97&#110&#116&#105&#99 &#98&#105&#97&#115&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 who use the labels than about any factual, objective characteristics &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#97&#108&#107&#97&#108&#111&#105&#100&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#114&#101&#102&#101&#114 to. Accordingly, official antidrug propaganda since the &#49&#57&#54&#48&#39&#115 &#104&#97&#115 &#100&#105&#115&#112&#97&#114&#97&#103&#101&#100 &#34&#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#101&#100&#101&#108&#105&#99&#115&#34 as excessively glamorous and &#116&#111&#111 &#112&#111&#115&#105&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#97 &#108&#97&#98&#101&#108&#44 as the &#116&#101&#114&#109 &#119&#97&#115 &#112&#111&#112&#117&#108&#97&#114 &#97&#109&#111&#110&#103 Timothy Leary's fans and supporters. When used in low &#100&#111&#115&#101&#115 &#111&#114 &#102&#111&#114 &#116&#104&#101 first time, these &#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121 to bring about a kind of magical transformation &#111&#102&#13&#10&#115&#117&#114&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103&#115&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97 &#104&#101&#105&#103&#104&#116&#101&#110&#101&#100 &#97&#98&#105&#108&#105&#116&#121 to &#112&#101&#114&#99&#101&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#115&#117&#98&#116&#108&#101 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#116&#114&#117 </div> This document provides complete directions for cultivating psilocybin ure of Psilocybe semilanceata (with sclerotia formation). Figure 48 - Inocybe aeruginascens on grassy soil Figure 49 - Psilocybe cubensis on horse manure and rice. portions of mycelia whose texture is somewhat like wool. The kind of viruses known to appear in champignon cultures - where they have already caused a lot of damage - have so far not been found in cultures of the Psilocybe and Panaeolus species. It is safe to say that we currently know a great deal about the nutritional requirements of Psilocybe cubensis. To a lesser extent, such information is available about other species as well. Armed with this knowledge, future researchers may well discover new insights into physiology of these species, as well as the biochemical changes that occur during fruiting. In my experiments, it has already been established that the process of differentiation whereby mycelia are transformed into sclerotia or fruiting bodies is linked to increased production of psilocybin as well as psilocin, especially in Psilocybe cubensis. Due to the relatively complex methodology and the type of equipment needed to isolate and maintain sterile cultures, it appears unlikely that cultivation of Psilocybe cubensis mushrooms by laypersons will significantly heighten the mushroom's popularity or widen its area of distribution anytime soon. However, since the early 1980s, growing numbers of mycophiles in North America and Europe have successfully used "natural outdoor cultivation" to fruit Psilocybe cyanescens and similar species. This process involves selection of natural wood substrates striated with mycelia (rhizomorphs) that usually turn blue in response to handling. The mycelia are then transferred onto fresh wood chips or commercial mulch (not from cedar trees). After several months of growth, the mycelia fruit during the fall season. Figure 50 - Surface culture of Inocybe aeruginascens on a liquid nutrient medium. Figure 51 - Panaeolus subbalteatus on cow dung and rice. Figure 52 - Psilocybe cubensis on wet newspaper. CHAPTER 7 PSYCHOTROPIC MUSHROOM SPECIES AROUND THE WORLD Figure 53 - Psilocybe cubensis on compost. Figure 54 - Psilocybe stuntzii (grasslands variety) from British Columbia. Figure 55 - Giant mushroom sculpture from Kerala, India. There is considerable debate among experts about the significance and purpose of the sculpture. Figure 56 - Magic mushrooms & water buffalo t-shirt from Thailand, designed for the Western tourist market. CHAPTER 7.1 SPOTLIGHT ON NORTH AMERICA AND HAWAII In 1961, V.E. Tyler became the first investigator to report the detection of psilocybin in Psilocybe pelliculosa (Smith) Singer & Smith, a North American mushroom species. One year later, two research groups, working independently, discovered psilocybin, as well as psilocin, in samples of Psilocybe baeocystis Singer & Smith from the Pacific Northwest region of North America. Additional chemical and taxonomic findin by A. Hofmann, Sandoz Pharmaceuticals manufactured about 2 kg (ca. 4.4lbs) of pure psilocybin for scientific research purposes. The results of pharmacological testing soon revealed psilocybin as an alkaloid that was perfectly safe for human subjects under controlled experimental conditions. Despite this evidence, the anti-drug legislative framework of the mid1960s firmly established an "official mycophobia", a misguided, yet entrenched policy that still prevails today and effectively prevents the scientific investigation of promising potential applications for psilocybin and other alkaloids. At the same time, mycological and biochemical research studies have shown that psilocybincontaining mushrooms thrive all over the world and can be found on all continents. These mushrooms are no different from any other mycoflora and must not be excluded from scientific investigation because of their alkaloid content. In addition to overall variations in value systems across cultures, individuals tend to develop their own personal attitudes towards mushrooms in general. Oftentimes, the evolution of specific opinions about mushrooms can be traced back to childhood events, even though such early experiences seldom account for the development of prevailing biases and value systems later in life. I recall an incident from my own childhood, which occurred when I was about five years old. I was playing in a grassy meadow, when a girl pointed to a brown mushroom and earnestly explained that it was inedible and poisonous. While I have never forgotten this encounter, I did grow up to become a devoted mushroom enthusiast. On the other hand, a different childhood event has left me with the vivid memory of discovering a landfill virtually covered with vast numbers of gilled bluing mushrooms and the sense of awe I experienced contemplating this sight. In general, the unusual characteristics of these mushrooms are most likely responsible for strong impressions formed early in life, which then may develop into various attitudes or beliefs later on. An enduring personal interest in psychotropic mushroom species can serve to amplify or diminish mycophobic as well as mycophilic dispositions, depending on the influence of other factors. After all, judgments about the benefit or folly of deliberately altering one's state of consciousness are also colored by individual preferences, biases and opinions. The following chapters are meant to illustrate this diversity of attitudes towards psychotropic mushrooms. Descriptions of planned and involuntary experiments with specific mushroom species offer convincing evidence that the effects of psychoactive mushrooms are open to many possible interpretations. CHAPTER 3 THE CURRENT STATE OF KNOWLEDGE ABOUT EUROPEAN SPECIES Figure 7 - Distribution pattern of Psilocybe cyanescens across Europe and North Africa (according to Krieglsteiner). Black dots indicate approximate locatio </p> <p><div align="left"> Most recreational users of Psilocybe cubensis (when grown <b>how to pick shrooms</b> in <b>pictures of field shrooms</b> <u>Hallucinogenic Mushrooms In East Texas</u> <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/shrooms+site+myspace+com.php" title="Shrooms Site Myspace Com" alt="Shrooms Site Myspace Com" >Shrooms Site Myspace Com</a> <u>how to pick shrooms</u> vitro) require a dosage of </div> Most recreational users of Psilocybe cubensis (when grown in vitro) require a dosage of 1 to 2 gm of dried mushrooms to produce an altered state of consciousness; a clinical dosage for Psilocybe cubensis, on the other hand, had previously been reported as ranging from 3 to 5 gm of dried material. This dosage would be comparable to the amount of fungal material consumed for religious purposes in a Mazatec Indian healing and curing ceremony. In 1982, one research team "found that the level of psilocybin and psilocin varies over a factor of 4 among various in vitro cultures of Psilocybe cubensis, while specimens from outdoors varied tenfold." A fresh dosage of Psilocybe cubensis in Australia would be approximately from 1 to 2 large mushrooms weighing up to as much as one fresh ounce, or as many as from 25 to 50 small mushrooms equaling the same weight amount. Ethnopharmacologist Jonathan Ott (1976, 1993) noted that he has observed "the ingestion of from 0.5 gm to 5.9 gm dried weight (10 gm to 40 gm fresh)", of various species of Psilocybe. Dosage for Psilocybe subcubensis would be the same as for Psilocybe cubensis. Both of these latter two species are macroscopically alike. The usual dosage for Copelandia cyanescens required to induce psychedelic visual effects ranges from 1 to 3 large specimens (cap diameter c. 5 mm), or as many as 5 to l0 medium-sized mushrooms (cap diameter c. 2.5 mm); however, personal tolerance to this species may occur with continued use, and some who consume large amounts of this mushroom have reportedly ingested as many as 50 to 200 fresh specimens of various sizes. <div align="justify"> There <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/psilocybe+semilance.php" title="Psilocybe Semilance" alt="Psilocybe Semilance" >Psilocybe Semilance</a> are more than 1 dozen &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#34&#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#34 in Australia &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#101&#119 </div> ecialize in the study of Psilocybes, despite the fact that Psilocybe semilanceata is the most common and conspicuous species among the Psilocybes. Also, mushroom lovers whose interests are not purely scientific (see Chapter 7.4) do not usually preserve their knowledge for posterity in the form of distribution maps. However, there is one map from 1986, which shows the distribution pattern of Psilocybe semilanceata across Germany (see Figure 20, p. 28). Almost no published information is available about locations where Psilocybe species have been found in eastern Germany. During my own field trips, I have discovered Psilocybe semilanceata specimens in various locations, such as near my hometown of Mansfeld in the Vorharz Mountains, in the marshlands of Duben as well as in other eastern German marshland areas. In addition, friends who are also mycologists have told me about finding the mushrooms in other parts of the country. A book published in 1952 is among the rare sources that includes details about specimens discovered in the southeastern state of Saxony (see Figure 16, p. 23). The Psilocybe species grow most abundantly on wet pastures surrounded by forest areas. In my experience, Psilocybe semilanceata grows in most of Germany's forestlands. The species fruits during the fall, from late September through October. It favors acidic soil and grassy terrain alongside trails or around the edges of forest lands. Specimens are generally clustered in small groups of 30 mushrooms or less. Deer droppings or other animal feces are usually present at those locations, even though the mushrooms never grow directly on top of dung. Occasionally, extremely stunted specimens may be found in the mountains by the side of the road. The soil below older cow pastures provides an excellent medium for extensive mycelial growth. In some locations, large areas yield an abundance of fruiting bodies, mirroring the extent of mycelial saturation in the soil. Given adequate moisture, maximum yields can be expected, if the pasture was grazed at least once during the weeks before fruiting season. However, the mushrooms also thrive under similar conditions on horse and sheep pastures. Such grassy areas inside forests are usually grazing areas for deer, who provide the soil with additional fertilization. However, Psilocybe semilanceata does not grow in locations where artificial fertilizer has been used. Such pastures are often flanked by creeks or swamp lands, which saturate the soil with water. During the summertime, the warm climate in these wet areas provides an excellent environment for optimal mycelial growth. In Germany, the mushroom's habitat ranges from the coastal areas to mountainous regions, where the species has been found at altitudes of up to 1,720 m (5,160 ft) above sea level (MTB-8443, 1985). In the former Czechoslovakia, samples have been collected at altitudes ranging from 330 to 1,000 m (1,000 - <p align="right"> own cause of &#100&#101&#97&#116&#104 &#97&#110&#100 &#100&#105&#115&#101&#97&#115&#101&#44 &#98&#108&#111&#97&#116&#101&#100 stomachs and insanity. Beliefs such as these have survived &#116&#111&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#116 &#100&#97&#121&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#121 persist, for example,,, as figures &#111&#102 &#115&#112&#101&#101&#99&#104&#44 &#115 &#117 &#99 h as the slick Austrian description of a societal misfit as someone "who ate those madness-inducing mushrooms.<br>" But, there is another, very different, magic mushroom legacy as &#119&#101&#108&#108&#46&#13&#10&#70&#108&#101&#115&#104 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#71&#111&#100&#115 for Devil Worshippers The &#79&#108&#100 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100&#46 &#77&#121&#99&#101&#110&#97&#101&#97&#110 &#99&#105&#118&#105&#108&#105&#122&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#98&#101&#103&#97&#110 with a mushroom trip -Mushrooms were an ingredient in the ambrosia of Dionysus. Porphyrius, the fourth &#99&#101&#110&#116&#117&#114&#121 &#76&#97&#116&#105&#110 &#112&#111&#101&#116 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#116&#101&#109&#112&#111&#114&#97&#114&#121 of &#69&#109&#112&#101&#114&#111&#114 &#75&#111&#110&#115&#116&#97&#110&#116&#105&#110&#44 &#107&#110&#101&#119&#13&#10&#116&#104&#97&#116 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 mushrooms were the children of the gods. WHO &#87&#65&#83 &#84&#72&#69 &#70&#73&#82&#83&#84 &#77&#65&#71&#73&#67&#73&#65&#78&#63&#13&#10&#65 quasi-cannibalistic ritual, the act of eating the children of the gods &#117&#110&#108&#111&#99&#107&#101&#100 &#111&#110&#101&#39&#115 &#112&#111&#119&#101&#114 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101 the truly divine. But not all mushrooms enable human beings to enter &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#97&#108&#109 &#111&#102 &#100&#105&#118&#105&#110&#101 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#46 This magic power resides &#105&#110 &#111&#110&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 known as "fool's mushrooms", which were considered &#112&#111&#105&#115&#111&#110&#111&#117&#115&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#98&#101 the spawn of the Devil throughout the late Middle &#65&#103&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#105&#110&#116&#111&#13&#10&#109&#111&#100&#101&#114&#110 times. The New World: &#84&#104&#101 &#65&#122&#116&#101&#99&#115 &#105&#110 &#77&#101&#120&#105&#99&#111&#13&#10&#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#114&#101&#100 to a number of small, inconspicuous mushrooms as teonartacatl, or "flesh of the Gods.<br>" These sacred mushrooms were eaten during the course of rituals intended &#116&#111 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#97&#99&#116&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#71&#111&#100&#115 &#105&#110 order to learn about the world and &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#97&#108&#109 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#105&#118&#105&#110&#101&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#115&#101 magic mushroom rituals &#116&#104&#111&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 &#115&#112&#111&#111&#107&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#67&#97&#116&#104&#111&#108&#105&#99&#13&#10&#83&#112&#97&#110&#105&#97&#114&#100&#115&#46 The mushroom eaters, &#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110&#108&#121&#13&#10&#116&#104&#111&#117&#103&#104&#116 &#111&#102 &#97&#115 &#68&#101&#118&#105&#108 &#119&#111&#114&#115&#104&#105&#112&#112&#101&#114&#115&#44 &#119&#101&#114&#101 hounded by the &#73&#110&#113&#117&#105&#115&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 &#83&#116&#105&#108&#108&#44 &#97&#108&#108 &#103&#111&#111&#100 things survive the tests of time, so the cult of magic mushroom eaters did not become extinct. Like mycelia underground, the cult continued to flourish, and at &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#112&#101&#114 &#116&#105&#109&#101 &#105&#110 recorded history, in 1957, the fruit of the fully grown mushroom re-surfaced to draw widespread public attention. Valentine and Gordon Wasson became the &#104&#101&#114&#111&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#109&#111&#100&#101&#114&#110 &#110&#101&#111&#45&#109&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#105&#99 movement. Back &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#79&#108&#100 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100&#58 The revelations and insights &#103&#97&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 psychoactive mushrooms were so magically wonderful, that our native European "fool's mushrooms" &#45 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104&#13&#10&#119&#101&#114&#101 &#103&#101&#110&#101 &#59 considered inedible - &#104&#97&#100 &#116&#111 &#98&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#99&#111&#103&#110&#105&#122&#101&#100 &#97&#115 &#99&#108&#111&#115&#101&#108&#121 related to the magic mushrooms of Mexico, the flesh of the Aztec Gods.<br> The souls of &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#105&#110 &#77&#101&#120&#105&#99&#111&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 Germany are essentially made from the same substance: psilocybin. Jochen Gartz has made an extraordinary contribution to the field of mycology by embracing Germany's magic mushrooms and the scientific study and testing of these fungi. The research efforts upon which &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#98&#111&#111&#107 &#105&#115 &#98&#97&#115&#101&#100 require nothing less &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#97 &#102&#101&#97&#114&#108&#101&#115&#115&#44 &#98&#114&#97&#118&#101 and <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/scientific+name+of+magic+mushrooms.php" title="Scientific Mushrooms Mushrooms Of Mushrooms" alt="Scientific Mushrooms Mushrooms Of Mushrooms" >Scientific Mushrooms Mushrooms Of Mushrooms</a> courageous consciousness, free of prejudice and mycophobia. I am convinced that a researcher's &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#13&#10&#105&#110&#102&#117&#115&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#105&#114&#105&#116 of the magic mushroom &#105&#115&#13&#10&#99&#97&#112&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#111&#102 &#102&#97&#114 &#100&#101&#101&#112&#101&#114 scientific insights than &#119&#101&#13&#10&#99&#97&#110 &#101&#118&#101&#114 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#99&#116 &#102&#114&#111&#109 the usual &#105&#118&#111&#114&#121 &#116&#111&#119&#101&#114&#13&#10&#97&#99&#97&#100&#101&#109&#105&#99&#115&#44 &#105&#115&#111&#108&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109 reality </p> own cause of death and disease, bloated stomachs and insanity. Beliefs such as these have survived to the present day. They persist, for example,,, as figures of speech, s u c h as the slick Austrian description of a societal misfit as someone "who ate those madness-inducing mushrooms." But, there is another, very different, magic mushroom legacy as well. Flesh of the Gods for Devil Worshippers The Old World. Mycenaean civilization began with a mushroom trip -Mushrooms were an ingredient in the ambrosia of Dionysus. Porphyrius, the fourth century Latin poet and contemporary of Emperor Konstantin, knew that magic mushrooms were the children of the gods. WHO WAS THE FIRST MAGICIAN? A quasi-cannibalistic ritual, the act of eating the children of the gods unlocked one's power to experience the truly divine. But not all mushrooms enable human beings to enter the realm of divine consciousness. This magic power resides in only those fungi known as "fool's mushrooms", which were considered poisonous and believed to be the spawn of the Devil throughout the late Middle Ages and well into modern times. The New World: The Aztecs in Mexico referred to a number of small, inconspicuous mushrooms as teonartacatl, or "flesh of the Gods." These sacred mushrooms were eaten during the course of rituals intended to contact the Gods in order to learn about the world and the realm of the divine. These magic mushroom rituals thoroughly spooked the Catholic Spaniards. The mushroom eaters, commonly thought of as Devil worshippers, were hounded by the Inquisition. Still, all good things survive the tests of time, so the cult of magic mushroom eaters did not become extinct. Like mycelia underground, the cult continued to flourish, and at the proper time in recorded history, in 1957, the fruit of the fully grown mushroom re-surfaced to draw widespread public attention. Valentine and Gordon Wasson became the heroes of the modern neo-mycophilic movement. Back to the Old World: The revelations and insights gained from the use of psychoactive mushrooms were so magically wonderful, that our native European "fool's mushrooms" - which were gene ; considered inedible - had to be recognized as closely related to the magic mushrooms of Mexico, the flesh of the Aztec Gods. The souls of magic mushrooms in Mexico and Germany are essentially made from the same substance: psilocybin. Jochen Gartz has made an extraordinary contribution to the field of mycology by embracing Germany's magic mushrooms and the scientific study and testing of these fungi. The research efforts upon which this book is based require nothing less than a fearless, brave and courageous consciousness, free of prejudice and mycophobia. I am convinced that a researcher's consciousness infused by the spirit of the magic mushroom is capable of far deeper scientific insights than we can ever expect from the usual ivory tower academics, isolated from reality a have been reported from the following countries: Finland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, The Netherlands, Belgium, France, Russia, Poland, the former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Scotland, England, Wales, Italy and Spain. Unfortunately, there are no comprehensive maps detailing the species's distribution pattern. Traditionally, mycologists have often neglected relatively tiny species, such as Psilocybe semilanceata, that tend to share their habitats with other, more prominent species. The sarcastic phrase "The mushrooms occur in abundance wherever mycologists abound" is particularly pertinent in reference to the Psilocybe species. Prior to the discovery of psilocybin, the Psilocybe genus languished in the literature, shrouded in obscurity. To this day, few 189. Psilocybe semilanceata Fr. Worthless] The cap is uniformly conic to bell-shaped, with a pointy or obtuse center forming an almost wart-like protrusion; initially, caps are often taller than they are wide, margins are bent and curved inward; later on, width of cap is 1.5-4 cm. Hygrophanous; coloration is a dirtyish olive-brown when wet, with translucent striate margins; at the center, coloration is ocher or greenish-yellow against an overall shade of smudgy pale yellow and oftentimes some greenish stains; only the margins are banded by a darkcolored, watery stripe around the edge. No stripes or banding evident when mushrooms are completely dried. Lacking a veil, caps are thin-fleshed, bald, with an easily separable pellicle that remains gelatinous-sticky for a long time, turning shiny when dry. Gills are olive brown to blackish purple brown in color, with the edges often remaining white, gill spacing is quite crowded; gill attachment is either roughly linear or mostly adnexed; up to 3.5 mm wide; attached at the stem only, fully detached later on. Spores are elongated to ellipitical in shape, smooth and large, measuring 12-16 u by 6-8,u. Color of spore dust is blackish purple brown. Stem is very slender, almost uniformly thin and always twisted, 6-12 cm long and 1.25-2 mm thick, yellowish or whitish in color; areas subjected to pressure develop bluishgreen stains. Stems are silky smooth and roughly at the center, cortinate fibrils appear like remnants of a veil, which is brittle and lined with a white fibrous cord of wool-like texture. When dry, the flesh of the cap is colored pale yellow, while the stem's flesh is ocher brown in color, especially towards the bottom. It is odorless and its flavor is mild. The mushroom grows from August to October, frequently in gregarious clusters, and can be found in pastures and along roadways, growing on dung that has undergone complete decomposition. It is not a particularly rare species. Figure 11(above) This excellent description of Psilocybe semilanceata by Michael & Schulz (1927) is shown here as originally published in German, with an English translation. Mycologists sp </p> <p>ecialize in the study of Psilocybes, despite the fact that Psilocybe semilanceata is the most common and conspicuous species among the Psilocybes. Also, mushroom lovers whose interests are not purely scientific (see Chapter 7.4) do not usually preserve their knowledge for posterity in the form of distribution maps. However, there is one map from 1986, which shows the distribution pattern of Psilocybe semilanceata across Germany (see Figure 20, p. 28). Almost no published information is available about locations where Psilocybe species have been found in eastern Germany. During my own field trips, I have discovered Psilocybe semilanceata specimens in various locations, such as near my hometown of Mansfeld in the Vorharz Mountains, in the marshlands of Duben as well as in other eastern German marshland areas. In addition, friends who are also mycologists have told me about finding the mushrooms in other parts of the country. A book published in 1952 is among the rare sources that includes details about specimens discovered in the southeastern state of Saxony (see Figure 16, p. 23). The Psilocybe species grow most abundantly on wet pastures surrounded by forest areas. In my experience, Psilocybe semilanceata grows in most of Germany's forestlands. The species fruits during the fall, from late September through October. It favors acidic soil and grassy terrain alongside trails or around the edges of forest lands. Specimens are generally clustered in small groups of 30 mushrooms or less. Deer droppings or other animal feces are usually present at those locations, even though the mushrooms never grow directly on top of dung. Occasionally, extremely stunted specimens may be found in the mountains by the side of the road. The soil below older cow pastures provides an excellent medium for extensive mycelial growth. In some locations, large areas yield an abundance of fruiting bodies, mirroring the extent of mycelial saturation in the soil. Given adequate moisture, maximum yields can be expected, if the pasture was grazed at least once during the weeks before fruiting season. However, the mushrooms also thrive under similar conditions on horse and sheep pastures. Such grassy areas inside forests are usually grazing areas for deer, who provide the soil with additional fertilization. However, Psilocybe semilanceata does not grow in locations where artificial fertilizer has been used. Such pastures are often flanked by creeks or swamp lands, which saturate the soil with water. During the summertime, the warm climate in these wet areas provides an excellent environment for optimal mycelial growth. In Germany, the mushroom's habitat ranges from the coastal areas to mountainous regions, where the species has been found at altitudes of up to 1,720 m (5,160 ft) above sea level (MTB-8443, 1985). In the former Czechoslovakia, samples have been collected at altitudes ranging from 330 to 1,000 m (1,000 - &#73&#110 &#97&#100&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#109&#97&#110&#121 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 users of "magic mushrooms" in &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#109&#97&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 become aware of their mind-altering &#97&#110&#100 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#97&#114&#121 &#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115 &#98&#121 reading &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#117&#98&#108&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 &#108&#105&#116&#101&#114&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101 &#111&#114 the many news items appearing in the popular Australian press during the late l960's and early l970's. These news &#105&#116&#101&#109&#115 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101&#100 &#98&#111&#116&#104 accidental and deliberate intoxication's which resulted from the ingestion &#111&#102 &#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#118&#97&#114&#105&#101&#116&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#102 "magic &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#34&#46 &#70&#111&#114 &#101&#120&#97&#109&#112&#108&#101&#44 &#105&#110 1972, one local newspaper report provided an account regarding the use of these mushrooms by young teenagers at a local high school in Brisbane: "...children at a suburban school are getting &#104&#105&#103&#104 &#111&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#99&#97&#108&#108&#101&#100 &#39&#71&#111&#108&#100 Tops.<br>' The mushrooms are common along the Brisbane River near Toowing High &#83&#99&#104&#111&#111&#108&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#104&#105&#108&#100&#114&#101&#110 &#105&#110 search of `kicks' have been &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#109&#101&#110&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101&#109 &#40&#85&#110&#115&#105&#103&#110&#101&#100&#44 1972)." It would be very obvious to anyone who read this &#97&#98&#111&#118&#101 &#109&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110&#101&#100 &#110&#101&#119&#115 &#105&#116&#101&#109&#44 &#119&#104&#101&#110 it appeared &#105&#110 &#112&#114&#105&#110&#116&#44 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 searching for <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/growingmagicmushroomsoutside.php" title="Growingmagicmushroomsoutside" alt="Growingmagicmushroomsoutside" >Growingmagicmushroomsoutside</a> hallucinogenic mushrooms would be able to find them if they so desired. There is yet another &#102&#97&#99&#116&#111&#114 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#109&#97&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 played a significant role in promoting interest in the use of psychoactive mushrooms in Australia and &#78&#90&#46 &#83&#111&#109&#101 &#100&#114&#117&#103 &#117&#115&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#114 mycophillic individuals may have read &#111&#114 &#104&#101&#97&#114&#100 &#111&#102 &#82&#46 Gordon Wasson's personal account &#111&#102 &#104&#105&#115 &#97&#100&#118&#101&#110&#116&#117&#114&#111&#117&#115 &#114&#101&#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#121 of an &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#99&#117&#108&#116 &#97&#109&#111&#110&#103 the &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#101&#99 &#73&#110&#100&#105&#97&#110&#115 &#111&#102 &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104&#101&#114&#110 Mexico. Dr. &#87&#97&#115&#115&#111&#110 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#101&#114&#101&#109&#111&#110&#105&#97&#108 use of &#99&#101&#114&#116&#97&#105&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#115 &#100&#105&#118&#105&#110&#97&#116&#111&#114&#121 &#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#97&#109&#111&#110&#103 the Mazatecs and other native peoples in &#79&#97&#120&#97&#99&#97&#44 &#77&#101&#120&#105&#99&#111 &#40&#115&#101&#101 &#87&#97&#115&#115&#111&#110&#44 1957). This journalistic report of Wasson's research expedition appeared &#105&#110 &#97&#110 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#110&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#101&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110 of Life Magazine &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#97&#116&#101 &#108&#57&#53&#48&#39&#115&#44 providing many drug users and others with the incentive &#116&#111 &#115&#101&#101&#107 &#111&#117&#116&#44 &#102&#105&#110&#100&#44 &#97&#110&#100 eventually experiment with these mushrooms. ulinary mushroom bears no resemblance, &#101&#105&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#105&#110 &#115&#105&#122&#101 &#111&#114 form, to Inocybe aeruginascens. Overall, however, &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101&#13&#10&#117&#110&#102&#111&#114&#116&#117&#110&#97&#116&#101 &#99&#97&#115&#101&#115 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#97&#108&#115&#111 contributed to our understanding of &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#98&#105&#111&#99&#104&#101&#109&#105&#115&#116&#114&#121&#46&#13&#10&#73&#110 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#101&#120&#116&#44 I want to emphasize once more &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99 &#118&#97&#114&#105&#101&#116&#105&#101&#115&#13&#10&#97&#109&#111&#110&#103 the Inocybes can easily be mistaken for those muscarine-producing Inocybe species that are extremely poisonous. As part of his investigation of &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#103&#101&#110&#117&#115&#44 &#71&#117&#122&#109&#97&#110 &#110&#111&#116&#101&#100 a &#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110&#13&#10&#116&#114&#97&#105&#116 &#97&#109&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99 species, in addition &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#108&#117&#105&#110&#103 &#114&#101&#97&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110&#58 a &#102&#108&#111&#117&#114&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#115&#109&#101&#108&#108 &#111&#114 &#116&#97&#115&#116&#101&#46 &#65&#112&#97&#114&#116 from &#116&#104&#101 &#105&#110&#104&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116&#13&#10&#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101 &#111&#102 our sense &#111&#102 &#115&#109&#101&#108&#108 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#116&#97&#115&#116&#101&#44 &#97 common odor is a trait that &#100&#101&#102&#105&#110&#105&#116&#101&#108&#121&#13&#10&#100&#111&#101&#115 &#110&#111&#116 &#97&#112&#112&#108&#121 &#116&#111 the European species &#40&#97&#108&#115&#111&#13&#10&#115&#101&#101 &#67&#104&#97&#112&#116&#101&#114 &#51&#46&#50&#41&#46&#13&#10&#77&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#101 &#111&#114 Mycophobe? There are reports from the Western United States about &#112&#101&#111&#112&#108&#101 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#116&#13&#10&#107&#110&#111&#119&#108&#101&#100&#103&#101 &#111&#102 Psilocybe semilanceata - devoted mushroom &#104&#117&#110&#116&#101&#114&#115 &#119&#104&#111 &#99&#97&#110 &#105&#100&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#121&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 species with &#100&#114&#105&#108&#108 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#99&#99&#117&#114&#97&#99&#121&#46 &#65&#116 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#115&#97&#109&#101 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#44 however, these experts cannot identify easily spotted common table mushrooms, nor are they able to differentiate the Agaricus &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#40&#99&#104&#97&#109&#112&#105&#103&#110&#111&#110&#115&#41 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#44 even when these species grow on the same pasture.<br> Such individuals, then, are not &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 than Psilocybe semilanceata. In my &#111&#112&#105&#110&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#97&#116&#116&#105&#116&#117&#100&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#102&#108&#101&#99&#116&#115 &#97 &#114&#97&#114&#101 combination &#111&#102 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#109&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#111&#98&#105&#97&#46&#13&#10&#65 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#39&#115 &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101 &#100&#117&#115&#116 &#112&#114&#111&#118&#105&#100&#101&#115&#13&#10&#105&#109&#112&#111&#114&#116&#97&#110&#116 information needed to determine identity. A spore print is left by &#116&#104&#101 &#103&#105&#108&#108&#115 &#119&#104&#101&#110&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#99&#97&#112 is placed on black or white paper (depending on spore color). As the &#112&#114&#111&#99&#101&#115&#115&#13&#10&#116&#97&#107&#101&#115 &#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#104&#111&#117&#114&#115&#44 &#97 glass vessel must be placed over the cap to prevent drying.<br> &#87&#104&#105&#108&#101&#13&#10&#117&#115&#101&#102&#117&#108&#44 &#105&#110&#102&#111&#114&#109&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#98&#116&#97&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109 spore analyses &#104&#97&#115 &#105&#116&#115 &#108&#105&#109&#105&#116&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#44 &#70&#111&#114 &#105&#110&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101&#44&#13&#10&#115&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115 derived from mushrooms belonging &#116&#111&#13&#10&#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116 &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97 &#109&#97&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 the same color, but reveal basic differences under the &#109&#105&#99&#114&#111&#115&#99&#111&#112&#101&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#105&#115 &#97&#108&#115&#111 &#97 &#104&#105&#103&#104 &#100&#101&#103&#114&#101&#101 &#111&#102 similarity among spores from different Psilocybe species. Thus, the only way to prevent grave <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/identifying+poisonous+gold+shrooms+pictures.php" title="Identifying Gold Poisonous Identifying Gold" alt="Identifying Gold Poisonous Identifying Gold" >Identifying Gold Poisonous Identifying Gold</a> errors and potentially deadly intoxications is to rely on experienced experts &#102&#111&#114 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#13&#10&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#97 &#112&#114&#111&#99&#101&#115&#115 that must &#105&#110&#99&#108&#117&#100&#101&#13&#10&#97&#110&#97&#108&#121&#115&#105&#115 &#111&#102 &#97&#118&#97&#105&#108&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#101&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108 data.<br> CHAPTER 5 THE &#66&#76&#85&#73&#78&#71 &#80&#72&#69&#78&#79&#77&#69&#78&#79&#78 &#65&#78&#68 &#77&#69&#84&#79&#76&#13&#10&#84&#69&#83&#84&#73&#78&#71&#58 &#82&#69&#65&#76&#73&#84&#89 VS. WISHFUL THINKING As previously discussed in Chapters 3.1 and 3.7, the bluing reaction is characteristic of species that produce psilocybin.<br> Still, for unknown reasons, some species &#111&#114 &#115&#97&#109&#112&#108&#101&#115&#13&#10&#98&#101&#108&#111&#110&#103&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#97 genus that &#117&#115&#117&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#116&#117&#114&#110&#115 &#98&#108&#117&#101&#13&#10&#109&#97&#121 &#110&#111&#116 always change color, regardless of psilocybin content. Among the species that I have examined, Psilocybe bohemica displayed the most impressive bluing reaction. The caps of this &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#115&#116&#97&#105&#110 &#118&#101&#114&#121&#13&#10&#113&#117&#105&#99&#107&#108&#121 &#105&#110 reaction to pressure. Other species, such as Psilocybe cubensis &#40&#69&#97&#114&#108&#101&#41 &#83&#105&#110&#103&#46&#13&#10&#104&#97&#118&#101 &#115&#116&#101&#109&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 develop very &#105&#110&#116&#101&#110&#115&#101&#108&#121 &#98&#108&#117&#101&#13&#10&#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#108&#101 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/if+i+m+around+marijuana+will+it/psilocybian+mushroom+pictures+uk.php" title="Psilocybian Mushroom It I It It M If Marijuana It Mushroom" alt="Psilocybian Mushroom It I It It M If Marijuana It Mushroom" >Psilocybian Mushroom It I It It M If Marijuana It Mushroom</a> &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#99&#97&#112&#115 do not exhibit &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#98&#108&#117&#105&#110&#103 &#114&#101&#97&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 &#66&#121 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#114&#97&#115&#116&#44 Psilocybe a have been reported from the following countries: Finland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, The Netherlands, Belgium, France, Russia, Poland, the former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Scotland, England, Wales, Italy and Spain. Unfortunately, there are no comprehensive maps detailing the species's distribution pattern. Traditionally, mycologists have often neglected relatively tiny species, such as Psilocybe semilanceata, that tend to share their habitats with other, more prominent species. The sarcastic phrase "The mushrooms occur in abundance wherever mycologists abound" is particularly pertinent in reference to the Psilocybe species. Prior to the discovery of psilocybin, the Psilocybe genus languished in the literature, shrouded in obscurity. To this day, few 189. Psilocybe semilanceata Fr. Worthless] The cap is uniformly conic to bell-shaped, with a pointy or obtuse center forming an almost wart-like protrusion; initially, caps are often taller than they are wide, margins are bent and curved inward; later on, width of cap is 1.5-4 cm. Hygrophanous; coloration is a dirtyish olive-brown when wet, with translucent striate margins; at the center, coloration is ocher or greenish-yellow against an overall shade of smudgy pale yellow and oftentimes some greenish stains; only the margins are banded by a darkcolored, watery stripe around the edge. No stripes or banding evident when mushrooms are completely dried. Lacking a veil, caps are thin-fleshed, bald, with an easily separable pellicle that remains gelatinous-sticky for a long time, turning shiny when dry. Gills are olive brown to blackish purple brown in color, with the edges often remaining white, gill spacing is quite crowded; gill attachment is either roughly linear or mostly adnexed; up to 3.5 mm wide; attached at the stem only, fully detached later on. Spores are elongated to ellipitical in shape, smooth and large, measuring 12-16 u by 6-8,u. Color of spore dust is blackish purple brown. Stem is very slender, almost uniformly thin and always twisted, 6-12 cm long and 1.25-2 mm thick, yellowish or whitish in color; areas subjected to pressure develop bluishgreen stains. Stems are silky smooth and roughly at the center, cortinate fibrils appear like remnants of a veil, which is brittle and lined with a white fibrous cord of wool-like texture. When dry, the flesh of the cap is colored pale yellow, while the stem's flesh is ocher brown in color, especially towards the bottom. It is odorless and its flavor is mild. The mushroom grows from August to October, frequently in gregarious clusters, and can be found in pastures and along roadways, growing on dung that has undergone complete decomposition. It is not a particularly rare species. Figure 11(above) This excellent description of Psilocybe semilanceata by Michael & Schulz (1927) is shown here as originally published in German, with an English translation. Mycologists sp <p align="left"> &#84&#104&#101 &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#101&#99 &#73&#110&#100&#105&#97&#110&#115&#44 &#119&#104&#111 have Wher To Find Magic Mushroons Texas a &#108&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#114&#97&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#117&#115&#105&#110&#103 the mushrooms, inhabit a &#114&#97&#110&#103&#101 &#111&#102 &#109&#111&#117&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115 &#99&#97&#108&#108&#101&#100 the Sierra Mazateca in &#116&#104&#101 &#110&#111&#114&#116&#104&#101&#97&#115&#116&#101&#114&#110 &#99&#111&#114&#110&#101&#114 &#111&#102 the Mexican state of Oaxaca. &#84&#104&#101 &#115&#104&#97&#109&#97&#110&#115 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#101&#115&#115&#97&#121 are all natives of the town &#111&#102 &#72&#117&#97&#117&#116&#108&#97 &#100&#101 &#74&#105&#109&#101&#110&#101&#122&#46 Properly speaking &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#114&#101 &#72&#117&#97&#117&#116&#101&#99&#97&#110&#115&#59 &#98&#117&#116 since the language they speak has been called Mazatec and they have been referred to in the previous <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/non+sterile+mushroom+cultivation.php" title="Non Sterile Mushroom Cultivation" alt="Non Sterile Mushroom Cultivation" >Non Sterile Mushroom Cultivation</a> anthropological literature as &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#101&#99&#115&#44 &#73 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#114&#101&#116&#97&#105&#110&#101&#100 that name, though strictly speaking, Mazatecs are the inhabitants of the village of Mazatlan in the same &#109&#111&#117&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#46 </p> ulinary mushroom bears no resemblance, either in size or form, &#116&#111 &#73&#110&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#97&#101&#114&#117&#103&#105&#110&#97&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115&#46 &#79&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108&#108&#44 &#104&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 these unfortunate cases have also contributed to our understanding of mushroom biochemistry. In this context, I &#119&#97&#110&#116 &#116&#111 &#101&#109&#112&#104&#97&#115&#105&#122&#101&#13&#10&#111&#110&#99&#101 &#109&#111&#114&#101 that the hallucinogenic &#118&#97&#114&#105&#101&#116&#105&#101&#115&#13&#10&#97&#109&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 &#73&#110&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#115 &#99&#97&#110 easily be mistaken for those muscarine-producing Inocybe species that &#97&#114&#101 &#101&#120&#116&#114&#101&#109&#101&#108&#121 &#112&#111&#105&#115&#111&#110&#111&#117&#115&#46&#13&#10&#65&#115 &#112&#97&#114&#116 of his investigation of the Psilocybe genus, Guzman noted a common trait among the hallucinogenic species, in addition &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#108&#117&#105&#110&#103 &#114&#101&#97&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110&#58 a flour-like smell &#111&#114 &#116&#97&#115&#116&#101&#46 &#65&#112&#97&#114&#116 &#102&#114&#111&#109 the inherent subjective nature &#111&#102 &#111&#117&#114 &#115&#101&#110&#115&#101 &#111&#102 smell &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#116&#97&#115&#116&#101&#44 &#97 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110 &#111&#100&#111&#114 is a trait &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#100&#101&#102&#105&#110&#105&#116&#101&#108&#121&#13&#10&#100&#111&#101&#115 &#110&#111&#116 &#97&#112&#112&#108&#121 to &#116&#104&#101 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#40&#97&#108&#115&#111&#13&#10&#115&#101&#101 Chapter 3.<br>2).<br> Mycophile or Mycophobe? There are reports &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#87&#101&#115&#116&#101&#114&#110&#13&#10&#85&#110&#105&#116&#101&#100 &#83&#116&#97&#116&#101&#115 about people with &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#116&#13&#10&#107&#110&#111&#119&#108&#101&#100&#103&#101 &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 - devoted mushroom hunters who can identify the species with &#100&#114&#105&#108&#108 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#99&#99&#117&#114&#97&#99&#121&#46 &#65&#116 the same time, however, these experts cannot identify easily spotted common table mushrooms, nor &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#98&#108&#101 &#116&#111 differentiate the Agaricus species (champignons) &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#44 &#101&#118&#101&#110 &#119&#104&#101&#110 these species grow on the same pasture.<br> &#83&#117&#99&#104 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/Dipropyltryptamineeurope.php" title="Dipropyltryptamineeurope" alt="Dipropyltryptamineeurope" >Dipropyltryptamineeurope</a> &#105&#110&#100&#105&#118&#105&#100&#117&#97&#108&#115&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#110&#44 &#97&#114&#101&#13&#10&#110&#111&#116 interested in species other than Psilocybe semilanceata. In my opinion, &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#97&#116&#116&#105&#116&#117&#100&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#102&#108&#101&#99&#116&#115 &#97 &#114&#97&#114&#101 combination &#111&#102 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#109&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#111&#98&#105&#97&#46&#13&#10&#65 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#39&#115 spore dust provides important information needed to determine identity.<br> A spore print is left by the gills when the cap is &#112&#108&#97&#99&#101&#100 &#111&#110 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107 &#111&#114 white paper (depending &#111&#110 &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#41&#46 &#65&#115 the &#112&#114&#111&#99&#101&#115&#115&#13&#10&#116&#97&#107&#101&#115 &#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#104&#111&#117&#114&#115&#44 &#97 glass &#118&#101&#115&#115&#101&#108 &#109&#117&#115&#116 &#98&#101&#13&#10&#112&#108&#97&#99&#101&#100 &#111&#118&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#97&#112 &#116&#111 prevent drying.<br> While useful, information &#111&#98&#116&#97&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101&#13&#10&#97&#110&#97&#108&#121&#115&#101&#115 &#104&#97&#115 its limitations, &#70&#111&#114 &#105&#110&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101&#44&#13&#10&#115&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115 &#100&#101&#114&#105&#118&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109 mushrooms belonging &#116&#111&#13&#10&#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116 &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97 &#109&#97&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 the same color, but reveal basic &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#117&#110&#100&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#105&#99&#114&#111&#115&#99&#111&#112&#101&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101&#114&#101 is also a high degree &#111&#102 &#115&#105&#109&#105&#108&#97&#114&#105&#116&#121 &#97&#109&#111&#110&#103&#13&#10&#115&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116 Psilocybe species.<br> Thus, the only <u>liberty caps liberty</u> way to prevent grave &#101&#114&#114&#111&#114&#115 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#112&#111&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#100&#101&#97&#100&#108&#121 &#105&#110&#116&#111&#120&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 is to rely on experienced experts for mushroom identification, a process &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#109&#117&#115&#116 &#105&#110&#99&#108&#117&#100&#101&#13&#10&#97&#110&#97&#108&#121&#115&#105&#115 &#111&#102 available &#101&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#100&#97&#116&#97&#46&#13&#10&#67&#72&#65&#80&#84&#69&#82 &#53&#13&#10&#84&#72&#69 &#66&#76&#85&#73&#78&#71 PHENOMENON AND METOL TESTING: REALITY VS. WISHFUL THINKING As previously discussed in Chapters &#51&#46&#49&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 &#51&#46&#55&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#108&#117&#105&#110&#103 reaction &#105&#115 &#99&#104&#97&#114&#97&#99&#116&#101&#114&#105&#115&#116&#105&#99&#13&#10&#111&#102 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 produce &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#46 &#83&#116&#105&#108&#108&#44 &#102&#111&#114&#13&#10&#117&#110&#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#114&#101&#97&#115&#111&#110&#115&#44 some species or samples belonging to a &#103&#101&#110&#117&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#117&#115&#117&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#116&#117&#114&#110&#115 blue may <u>With With With With</u> not &#97&#108&#119&#97&#121&#115 &#99&#104&#97&#110&#103&#101 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 &#114&#101&#103&#97&#114&#100&#108&#101&#115&#115 of psilocybin content. Among the species that &#73&#13&#10&#104&#97&#118&#101 &#101&#120&#97&#109&#105&#110&#101&#100&#44 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#98&#111&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97&#13&#10&#100&#105&#115&#112&#108&#97&#121&#101&#100 the most impressive bluing reaction. The caps of this species stain &#118&#101&#114&#121&#13&#10&#113&#117&#105&#99&#107&#108&#121 &#105&#110 &#114&#101&#97&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#116&#111 pressure. Other species, such as Psilocybe &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#40&#69&#97&#114&#108&#101&#41 &#83&#105&#110&#103&#46&#13&#10&#104&#97&#118&#101 &#115&#116&#101&#109&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 develop &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#110&#115&#101&#108&#121 &#98&#108&#117&#101&#13&#10&#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#108&#101 their caps do not exhibit &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#98&#108&#117&#105&#110&#103 &#114&#101&#97&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 &#66&#121 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#114&#97&#115&#116&#44 Psilocybe <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/indian+magic+mushrooms+united+kingdom.php" title="Indian Magic Mushrooms United Kingdom" alt="Indian Magic Mushrooms United Kingdom" >Indian Magic Mushrooms United Kingdom</a> <p align="right"> Those who ingest Copelandia cyanescens, &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/indian+magic+mushrooms+united+kingdom.php" title="Indian Magic Mushrooms United Kingdom" alt="Indian Magic Mushrooms United Kingdom" >Indian Magic Mushrooms United Kingdom</a> &#105&#110 </p> </p> </div> <div id="footer"> <div class="left"> <a href="/Articles.html" class="doNotPrint">Chat</a><br /> <a href="/Archives.html" class="doNotPrint">Articles</a> </div> <br class="doNotDisplay doNotPrint" /> <div class="right"> copyright © 2006 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/picture+of+shrooms/psilocybe+uxpanapensis.php" title="Picture Of Shrooms Psilocybe Uxpanapensis" alt="Picture Of Shrooms Psilocybe Uxpanapensis" >Picture Of Shrooms Psilocybe Uxpanapensis</a><br /> design by <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/nzhallucinogenicmushrooms.php" title="Nzhallucinogenicmushrooms" alt="Nzhallucinogenicmushrooms" >Nzhallucinogenicmushrooms</a> </div></div> </body>