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border="4" src="/images/What-To-Do-While-On-Shrooms.jpg" > <div align="right"> More than half &#111&#102 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#39&#115 &#98&#101&#101&#102 &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101 can be found in the coastal areas of <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/psilocybe+natalensis/what+do+shrooms+look+like.php" title="Psilocybe Natalensis What Do Shrooms Look Like" alt="Psilocybe Natalensis What Do Shrooms Look Like" >Psilocybe Natalensis What Do Shrooms Look Like</a> &#81&#117&#101&#101&#110&#115&#108&#97&#110&#100 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#101&#119 &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104 &#87&#97&#108&#101&#115&#59 and the &#50&#48 &#116&#111 &#51&#48 &#105&#110&#99&#104 (500-750mm) &#114&#97&#105&#110&#102&#97&#108&#108 &#98&#101&#108&#116 &#111&#102 &#81&#117&#101&#101&#110&#115&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 New South &#87&#97&#108&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#111&#114&#116&#104&#101&#114&#110 &#86&#105&#99&#116&#111&#114&#105&#97&#44 generally provide adequate &#99&#108&#105&#109&#97&#116&#105&#99 &#101&#110&#118&#105&#114&#111&#110&#109&#101&#110&#116&#115 &#102&#111&#114 &#116&#104&#101 growth of psilocybian mushrooms, especially after heavy rains.<br> It has been suggested &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#34&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#119&#97&#115 introduced into Australia accidentally by early &#115&#101&#116&#116&#108&#101&#114&#115 &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 livestock." &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#115&#97&#109&#101 &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101 &#100&#105&#115&#112&#101&#114&#115&#97&#108 mechanism also probably applies &#116&#111 &#67&#111&#112&#101&#108&#97&#110&#100&#105&#97 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115&#44 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 subbalteatus and several additional &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111 &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114 &#105&#110 or around &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#117&#110&#103 &#111&#102 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 ruminants. This includes Psilocybe semilanceata and the non-hallucinogenic "haymaker's" mushroom Panaeolina foenisecii. While cattle &#97&#114&#101 &#114&#97&#105&#115&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#97&#108&#108 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110 &#115&#116&#97&#116&#101&#115&#44 as well &#97&#115 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#114&#97&#108 &#108&#111&#119&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115&#44 recreational users have been known to &#101&#120&#112&#111&#114&#116 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#112&#116&#105&#99 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 to various areas &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 where they &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#108&#108&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100&#46 &#73&#110 &#116&#104&#101 case poop cow mushrooms mushrooms hillucination of &#78&#101&#119 &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#104&#101&#114&#101&#97&#102&#116&#101&#114 &#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#114&#101&#100 to as NZ, cattle are the primary source for Copelandia cyanescens, poop cow mushrooms mushrooms hillucination but the "liberty cap" mushroom Psilocybe semilanceata &#111&#110&#108&#121 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#115 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 manured soil of four-legged ruminants &#97&#110&#100 &#110&#111&#116 &#100&#105&#114&#101&#99&#116&#108&#121 &#102&#114&#111&#109 manure &#40&#74&#97&#110&#115&#101&#110&#44 &#80&#101&#114&#115&#46 &#67&#111&#109&#109&#46&#44 &#49&#57&#56&#56&#41&#46 &#84&#104&#101 identification section of this guide documents &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#102&#111&#114 &#109&#111&#114&#101 than 1 dozen Identifying Shrooms &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#97&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 in &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#90 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 most likely have <u>mexican gold mushrooms</u> been used at one <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/psilocybinmushroomspores.php" title="Psilocybinmushroomspores" alt="Psilocybinmushroomspores" >Psilocybinmushroomspores</a> time or another for recreational purposes. </div> e creek on wood chips of Carpinus, Alnus and Salix, on raw compost mixtures of Picea, Pinus and Larix needles, as Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Figure 21 - Fruiting curve of Psilocybe cyanescens based on observations at several locations in the former Czechoslovakia. The mycelia make use of different kinds of plant debris and even grow on wet cardboard, where they develop into rhizomorphs just like they would in nature. Rhizomorphs are thick strands of mycelia that serve to transport nutrients and water. They also develop intense blue stains (see Figure 22). Figure 23 Distribution pattern of Psilocybe cyanescens in Germany and adjacent areas (according to Krieglsteiner). Locations are indicated by black dots. Figure 22 Psilocybe bohemica rhizomorphs growing on wet cardboard. Figure 24 - Psilocybe cyanescens at a natural location (USA). Figure 25 - Psilocybe bohemica on twigs and leaves. Impressive Experiences Psilocybe bohemica is a very psychoactive species. Its effects are vividly documented in the following account of one natural scientist's experience as part of controlled clinical trials in Prague: About 30 mg of psilocybin in mushroom tissue was prepared in hot water, with effects already noticeable ten minutes after ingestion. I grew increasingly quiet. At first, my legs began to tingle, then my underarms as well. Aside from a deeper breathing rhythm, few other somatic effects were noted. Initially there were fits of laughter caused by unusual cognitive associations; this laughter also affected the two "sober" guides. A growing hyperacuity interfered with the ability to listen to music, so that Vivaldi's "Springtime" caused painful stabs inside the brain. I compared the pain to that caused by a "sawing knife". The experimenters appeared bloated and yellow... Existing bodily characteristics, such as thinning hair stimulated a person's illusionary transformation into a monk with tonsure. Their voices also appeared reverent and, from a somewhat paranoid point of view, these gentlemen at times seemed to be working a switching station that, for some reasons, was my enemy. At the same time, I found both of them to be quite likeable. During this time period, the other female subject perceived fantastic images of moving colors and saw visions of her whole life unfolding behind closed eyes. During this period, I had the distinct impression that an electrical current was flowing through my body, which was not an uncomfortable sensation. About three hours later, the gentlemen retired to the kitchen and the nature of the experience changed quite drastically. At first I felt as if my legs were increasingly merging into the wall, a very comfortable experience. In a state of utter clarity of consciousness, I finally felt as if I had no body at all. I said. "The most descriptive expression is the experience of a pure soul". Using words as triggers, we were able to induce shared experiences o The Mazatec Indians, who have a long tradition of using the mushrooms, inhabit a range of mountains called the Sierra Mazateca in the northeastern corner of the Mexican state of Oaxaca. The shamans in this essay are all natives of the town of Huautla de Jimenez. Properly speaking they are Huautecans; but since the language they speak has been called Mazatec and they have been referred to in the previous anthropological literature as Mazatecs, I have retained that name, though strictly speaking, Mazatecs are the inhabitants of the village of Mazatlan in the same mountains. <p align="left"> a have been reported &#102&#114&#111&#109&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#114&#105&#101&#115&#58 &#70&#105&#110&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, The Netherlands, Belgium, France, Russia, Poland, the former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, &#83&#99&#111&#116&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#87&#97&#108&#101&#115&#44&#13&#10&#73&#116&#97&#108&#121 &#97&#110&#100 Spain. Unfortunately, there are &#110&#111 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#114&#101&#104&#101&#110&#115&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#109&#97&#112&#115 &#100&#101&#116&#97&#105&#108&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 species's distribution pattern. Traditionally, &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115&#13&#10&#104&#97&#118&#101 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#110&#101&#103&#108&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#108&#121 tiny species, such as Psilocybe semilanceata, that tend &#116&#111 &#115&#104&#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114&#13&#10&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#97&#116&#115 &#119&#105&#116&#104 other, more prominent species. The sarcastic phrase "The mushrooms occur in abundance wherever mycologists abound" is particularly pertinent in reference &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#80&#114&#105&#111&#114 to the discovery of psilocybin, the Psilocybe &#103&#101&#110&#117&#115 &#108&#97&#110&#103&#117&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 literature, shrouded in &#111&#98&#115&#99&#117&#114&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#84&#111 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#100&#97&#121&#44 few 189. Psilocybe semilanceata Fr. Worthless] The cap is &#117&#110&#105&#102&#111&#114&#109&#108&#121 &#99&#111&#110&#105&#99 &#116&#111 &#98&#101&#108&#108&#45&#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#100&#44 with a pointy &#111&#114 &#111&#98&#116&#117&#115&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#97&#110 almost wart-like protrusion; initially, caps &#97&#114&#101 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#116&#97&#108&#108&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#97&#110 they &#97&#114&#101 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#44 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101 &#98&#101&#110&#116 and curved inward; later &#111&#110&#44 &#119&#105&#100&#116&#104 &#111&#102 &#99&#97&#112 is 1.5-4 cm. Hygrophanous; coloration is a dirtyish olive-brown when &#119&#101&#116&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#117&#99&#101&#110&#116 &#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#116&#101 margins; at the center, coloration is ocher &#111&#114 &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#105&#115&#104&#45&#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119 &#97&#103&#97&#105&#110&#115&#116 &#97&#110 &#111&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108&#108 &#115&#104&#97&#100&#101 of smudgy pale yellow &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#105&#115&#104 &#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#59 only the margins are banded by a darkcolored, watery stripe around &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#100&#103&#101&#46 &#78&#111 &#115&#116&#114&#105&#112&#101&#115 or banding evident when mushrooms &#97&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101&#108&#121&#13&#10&#100&#114&#105&#101&#100&#46 &#76&#97&#99&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#97 &#118&#101&#105&#108&#44 caps &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#105&#110&#45&#102&#108&#101&#115&#104&#101&#100&#44 &#98&#97&#108&#100&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 an &#101&#97&#115&#105&#108&#121 &#115&#101&#112&#97&#114&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#112&#101&#108&#108&#105&#99&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#115 gelatinous-sticky for a long time, turning &#115&#104&#105&#110&#121 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#100&#114&#121&#46&#13&#10&#71&#105&#108&#108&#115 &#97&#114&#101 olive brown &#116&#111 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 color, with the edges often remaining white, gill spacing is quite crowded; gill attachment &#105&#115 &#101&#105&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 &#108&#105&#110&#101&#97&#114 or mostly adnexed; up to 3.5 mm wide; attached at the stem only, &#102&#117&#108&#108&#121 &#100&#101&#116&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115 are elongated to ellipitical in shape, &#115&#109&#111&#111&#116&#104 &#97&#110&#100 &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101&#44 &#109&#101&#97&#115&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 12-16 u by &#54&#45&#56&#44&#117&#46 &#67&#111&#108&#111&#114 &#111&#102 &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101 dust is blackish &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#116&#101&#109 &#105&#115 &#118&#101&#114&#121 slender, almost &#117&#110&#105&#102&#111&#114&#109&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#105&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#108&#119&#97&#121&#115 twisted, 6-12 cm &#108&#111&#110&#103 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#49&#46&#50&#53&#45&#50 &#109&#109 &#116&#104&#105&#99&#107&#44 yellowish &#111&#114 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#105&#115&#104 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#59 areas subjected to pressure develop bluishgreen stains. &#83&#116&#101&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#115&#105&#108&#107&#121 &#115&#109&#111&#111&#116&#104 and roughly at the center, cortinate fibrils appear like remnants of &#97 &#118&#101&#105&#108&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#105&#115 brittle and lined with a white fibrous cord of &#119&#111&#111&#108&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#116&#101&#120&#116&#117&#114&#101&#46&#13&#10&#87&#104&#101&#110 &#100&#114&#121&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 &#111&#102 the cap is colored pale &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#101&#109&#39&#115 flesh &#105&#115&#13&#10&#111&#99&#104&#101&#114 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 &#101&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 towards the bottom. It is odorless and its flavor is mild. The mushroom grows &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#65&#117&#103&#117&#115&#116 &#116&#111 &#79&#99&#116&#111&#98&#101&#114&#44 frequently in gregarious clusters, and can be found in &#112&#97&#115&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#114&#111&#97&#100&#119&#97&#121&#115&#44 growing on dung that has &#117&#110&#100&#101&#114&#103&#111&#110&#101 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#99&#111&#109&#112&#111&#115&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 &#73&#116 &#105&#115 not a &#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#114&#97&#114&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#49&#49&#40&#97&#98&#111&#118&#101&#41 This excellent description of Psilocybe semilanceata by &#77&#105&#99&#104&#97&#101&#108 &#38 &#83&#99&#104&#117&#108&#122&#13&#10&#40&#49&#57&#50&#55&#41 &#105&#115 shown here as originally published in German, with an English &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#13&#10&#77&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#115&#112&#97 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 reported from the &#102&#111&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#114&#105&#101&#115&#58 &#70&#105&#110&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#78&#111&#114&#119&#97&#121&#44&#13&#10&#83&#119&#101&#100&#101&#110&#44 Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, &#84&#104&#101 &#78&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115&#44 &#66&#101&#108&#103&#105&#117&#109&#44 &#70&#114&#97&#110&#99&#101&#44&#13&#10&#82&#117&#115&#115&#105&#97&#44 Poland, the former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Scotland, England, Wales, Italy and Spain.<br> Unfortunately, there are &#110&#111 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#114&#101&#104&#101&#110&#115&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#109&#97&#112&#115 &#100&#101&#116&#97&#105&#108&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 species's distribution pattern. Traditionally, &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115&#13&#10&#104&#97&#118&#101 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#110&#101&#103&#108&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#108&#121 tiny species, such as Psilocybe semilanceata, that tend to share their habitats with &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#109&#111&#114&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#109&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#13&#10&#115&#97&#114&#99&#97&#115&#116&#105&#99 phrase "The mushrooms occur in abundance wherever mycologists abound" is particularly pertinent in reference to the Psilocybe species.<br> Prior to the discovery of psilocybin, the Psilocybe genus languished &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#105&#116&#101&#114&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101&#44&#13&#10&#115&#104&#114&#111&#117&#100&#101&#100 &#105&#110 obscurity. To this day, few 189. Psilocybe semilanceata Fr. Worthless] The &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 &#117&#110&#105&#102&#111&#114&#109&#108&#121 &#99&#111&#110&#105&#99 to bell-shaped, with a pointy or obtuse &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#97&#110 &#97&#108&#109&#111&#115&#116 &#119&#97&#114&#116&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#116&#114&#117&#115&#105&#111&#110&#59 &#105&#110&#105&#116&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#99&#97&#112&#115 are often taller than they are wide, margins are bent and curved inward; later &#111&#110&#44 &#119&#105&#100&#116&#104 &#111&#102 &#99&#97&#112 is &#49&#46&#53&#45&#52 &#99&#109&#46 &#72&#121&#103&#114&#111&#112&#104&#97&#110&#111&#117&#115&#59 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#105&#115 a &#100&#105&#114&#116&#121&#105&#115&#104 &#111&#108&#105&#118&#101&#45&#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#119&#101&#116&#44 with translucent striate margins; at the &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44&#13&#10&#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#115 &#111&#99&#104&#101&#114 &#111&#114 greenish-yellow against an overall shade of smudgy pale yellow and oftentimes some greenish &#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#59 &#111&#110&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115 &#97&#114&#101 banded by &#97 &#100&#97&#114&#107&#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100&#44 &#119&#97&#116&#101&#114&#121&#13&#10&#115&#116&#114&#105&#112&#101 &#97&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 the edge. No stripes or banding &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#101 completely dried. &#76&#97&#99&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#97 &#118&#101&#105&#108&#44 &#99&#97&#112&#115 are thin-fleshed, &#98&#97&#108&#100&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97&#110 &#101&#97&#115&#105&#108&#121 separable &#112&#101&#108&#108&#105&#99&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#115 &#103&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#110&#111&#117&#115&#45&#115&#116&#105&#99&#107&#121 &#102&#111&#114 a long time, turning shiny when dry. Gills are olive brown to blackish purple brown in color, with the edges often remaining white, gill spacing is quite crowded; gill attachment is &#101&#105&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 &#108&#105&#110&#101&#97&#114 &#111&#114&#13&#10&#109&#111&#115&#116&#108&#121 adnexed; up to 3.5 mm wide; attached &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#101&#109 &#111&#110&#108&#121&#44 fully detached later on. Spores are elongated to ellipitical &#105&#110 &#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#44 &#115&#109&#111&#111&#116&#104 &#97&#110&#100 &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101&#44 &#109&#101&#97&#115&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 12-16 u by 6-8,u. Color of spore dust is blackish purple brown.<br> Stem is very slender, almost uniformly thin and always twisted, &#54&#45&#49&#50 &#99&#109 &#108&#111&#110&#103 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#49&#46&#50&#53&#45&#50 mm thick, yellowish or &#119&#104&#105&#116&#105&#115&#104 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#59 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 subjected to pressure &#100&#101&#118&#101&#108&#111&#112 &#98&#108&#117&#105&#115&#104&#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#13&#10&#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#46 &#83&#116&#101&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#101 silky smooth &#97&#110&#100 &#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 center, cortinate fibrils appear like remnants &#111&#102 &#97 &#118&#101&#105&#108&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#105&#115 &#98&#114&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101 and &#108&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101 fibrous cord of wool-like texture. When dry, the flesh of the &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100 &#112&#97&#108&#101 yellow, &#119&#104&#105&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#101&#109&#39&#115 &#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 is ocher brown in &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 &#101&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#116&#111&#119&#97&#114&#100&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#111&#116&#116&#111&#109&#46 It is odorless &#97&#110&#100 &#105&#116&#115 &#102&#108&#97&#118&#111&#114 &#105&#115 mild. The mushroom grows from August to &#79&#99&#116&#111&#98&#101&#114&#44 &#102&#114&#101&#113&#117&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121 &#105&#110 &#103&#114&#101&#103&#97&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115 clusters, and can be found in &#112&#97&#115&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#114&#111&#97&#100&#119&#97&#121&#115&#44 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 on dung that &#104&#97&#115 &#117&#110&#100&#101&#114&#103&#111&#110&#101 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#99&#111&#109&#112&#111&#115&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 &#73&#116 is not &#97 &#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#114&#97&#114&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 11(above) This excellent description of Psilocybe semilanceata by Michael & Schulz (1927) is shown here as originally published in German, with &#97&#110 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#105&#115&#104 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#13&#10&#77&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#115&#112&#97 have been &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#114&#105&#101&#115&#58 Finland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, The Netherlands, Belgium, &#70&#114&#97&#110&#99&#101&#44&#13&#10&#82&#117&#115&#115&#105&#97&#44 &#80&#111&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#101&#114 Czechoslovakia, Hungary, &#82&#111&#109&#97&#110&#105&#97&#44 &#83&#99&#111&#116&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#87&#97&#108&#101&#115&#44&#13&#10&#73&#116&#97&#108&#121 and Spain. Unfortunately, there are no comprehensive maps &#100&#101&#116&#97&#105&#108&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#39&#115&#13&#10&#100&#105&#115&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#112&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114&#110&#46 Traditionally, mycologists have often neglected relatively tiny species, such as Psilocybe semilanceata, that tend to share their habitats with other, more prominent species. The sarcastic phrase "The mushrooms occur &#105&#110&#13&#10&#97&#98&#117&#110&#100&#97&#110&#99&#101 &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101&#118&#101&#114 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#110&#100&#34 is particularly pertinent in &#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 Prior to the &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#121 &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 genus languished &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#105&#116&#101&#114&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101&#44&#13&#10&#115&#104&#114&#111&#117&#100&#101&#100 &#105&#110 obscurity.<br> To this day, &#102&#101&#119&#13&#10&#49&#56&#57&#46 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 <b>growing mushies gold tops</b> &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#70&#114&#46 Worthless The cap is uniformly conic to bell-shaped, with a pointy &#111&#114 &#111&#98&#116&#117&#115&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#97&#110 almost &#119&#97&#114&#116&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#116&#114&#117&#115&#105&#111&#110&#59 &#105&#110&#105&#116&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#99&#97&#112&#115 are often taller than they are wide, margins are bent and &#99&#117&#114&#118&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#119&#97&#114&#100&#59 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#111&#110&#44 width of cap is 1.5-4 cm. Hygrophanous; coloration is a &#100&#105&#114&#116&#121&#105&#115&#104 &#111&#108&#105&#118&#101&#45&#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#119&#101&#116&#44 with translucent striate margins; &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44&#13&#10&#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#115 ocher &#111&#114 &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#105&#115&#104&#45&#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119 &#97&#103&#97&#105&#110&#115&#116 &#97&#110 overall &#115&#104&#97&#100&#101 &#111&#102 &#115&#109&#117&#100&#103&#121 &#112&#97&#108&#101 yellow &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#105&#115&#104 &#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#59 only the margins are banded by a darkcolored, watery stripe around the edge. No stripes or banding evident when mushrooms are completely dried.<br> Lacking a veil, caps are thin-fleshed, &#98&#97&#108&#100&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97&#110 &#101&#97&#115&#105&#108&#121 separable pellicle that remains gelatinous-sticky for a long time, turning shiny when dry. Gills are olive brown to blackish purple brown in color, with the edges &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101&#44 &#103&#105&#108&#108 &#115&#112&#97&#99&#105&#110&#103 is quite crowded; gill &#97&#116&#116&#97&#99&#104&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#105&#115 &#101&#105&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 linear &#111&#114&#13&#10&#109&#111&#115&#116&#108&#121 &#97&#100&#110&#101&#120&#101&#100&#59 &#117&#112 &#116&#111 3.5 mm wide; attached at the stem only, &#102&#117&#108&#108&#121 &#100&#101&#116&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115 are elongated to ellipitical &#105&#110 &#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#44 &#115&#109&#111&#111&#116&#104 &#97&#110&#100 large, measuring 12-16 u by 6-8,u. Color of spore dust is blackish purple &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#116&#101&#109 &#105&#115 &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#115&#108&#101&#110&#100&#101&#114&#44 almost uniformly thin and always twisted, 6-12 cm long and 1.25-2 mm thick, yellowish or whitish in color; &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#117&#114&#101 develop bluishgreen stains. Stems are silky smooth and roughly at &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44 &#99&#111&#114&#116&#105&#110&#97&#116&#101 &#102&#105&#98&#114&#105&#108&#115 appear like remnants of a veil, which is brittle and lined with a white fibrous cord &#111&#102 &#119&#111&#111&#108&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#116&#101&#120&#116&#117&#114&#101&#46&#13&#10&#87&#104&#101&#110 &#100&#114&#121&#44 &#116&#104&#101 flesh of the cap &#105&#115 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100 &#112&#97&#108&#101 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#44 while the stem's flesh &#105&#115&#13&#10&#111&#99&#104&#101&#114 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 especially &#116&#111&#119&#97&#114&#100&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#111&#116&#116&#111&#109&#46 &#73&#116 is odorless and its &#102&#108&#97&#118&#111&#114 &#105&#115 &#109&#105&#108&#100&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 grows from August &#116&#111 &#79&#99&#116&#111&#98&#101&#114&#44 &#102&#114&#101&#113&#117&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121 &#105&#110 &#103&#114&#101&#103&#97&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115 clusters, and can be found in pastures and &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#114&#111&#97&#100&#119&#97&#121&#115&#44 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#110 dung that has undergone complete decomposition. &#73&#116 &#105&#115 &#110&#111&#116 &#97 particularly rare species.<br> Figure 11(above) This excellent description of Psilocybe semilanceata by Michael & &#83&#99&#104&#117&#108&#122&#13&#10&#40&#49&#57&#50&#55&#41 &#105&#115 &#115&#104&#111&#119&#110 &#104&#101&#114&#101 as originally published in German, with an English translation. Mycologists &#115&#112&#97 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 from the following &#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#114&#105&#101&#115&#58 &#70&#105&#110&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#78&#111&#114&#119&#97&#121&#44&#13&#10&#83&#119&#101&#100&#101&#110&#44 &#68&#101&#110&#109&#97&#114&#107&#44 Germany, Switzerland, Austria, The &#78&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115&#44 &#66&#101&#108&#103&#105&#117&#109&#44 &#70&#114&#97&#110&#99&#101&#44&#13&#10&#82&#117&#115&#115&#105&#97&#44 &#80&#111&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 the &#102&#111&#114&#109&#101&#114 &#67&#122&#101&#99&#104&#111&#115&#108&#111&#118&#97&#107&#105&#97&#44&#13&#10&#72&#117&#110&#103&#97&#114&#121&#44 &#82&#111&#109&#97&#110&#105&#97&#44 &#83&#99&#111&#116&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 England, Wales, Italy and Spain. Unfortunately, there &#97&#114&#101 &#110&#111 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#114&#101&#104&#101&#110&#115&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#109&#97&#112&#115 &#100&#101&#116&#97&#105&#108&#105&#110&#103 the species's distribution pattern. Traditionally, mycologists have often neglected relatively tiny species, such as Psilocybe semilanceata, &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#101&#110&#100 &#116&#111 &#115&#104&#97&#114&#101 their habitats with other, more prominent &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#13&#10&#115&#97&#114&#99&#97&#115&#116&#105&#99 &#112&#104&#114&#97&#115&#101 &#34&#84&#104&#101 mushrooms occur &#105&#110&#13&#10&#97&#98&#117&#110&#100&#97&#110&#99&#101 &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101&#118&#101&#114 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#110&#100&#34 is particularly pertinent in reference to the Psilocybe species. Prior &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#121 &#111&#102 psilocybin, the Psilocybe genus &#108&#97&#110&#103&#117&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#105&#116&#101&#114&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101&#44&#13&#10&#115&#104&#114&#111&#117&#100&#101&#100 in obscurity. To this day, few 189. &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#70&#114&#46 &#87&#111&#114&#116&#104&#108&#101&#115&#115&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 cap is &#117&#110&#105&#102&#111&#114&#109&#108&#121 &#99&#111&#110&#105&#99 &#116&#111 &#98&#101&#108&#108&#45&#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#100&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 a pointy or obtuse center forming an almost &#119&#97&#114&#116&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#116&#114&#117&#115&#105&#111&#110&#59 &#105&#110&#105&#116&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#99&#97&#112&#115 are &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#116&#97&#108&#108&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#121 are wide, margins are &#98&#101&#110&#116 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#117&#114&#118&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#119&#97&#114&#100&#59 later on, width &#111&#102 &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 &#49&#46&#53&#45&#52 cm. Hygrophanous; &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#105&#115 &#97 &#100&#105&#114&#116&#121&#105&#115&#104 &#111&#108&#105&#118&#101&#45&#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#119&#104&#101&#110 wet, with translucent striate margins; at the center, coloration is <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/pickingshroomsengland.php" title="Pickingshroomsengland" alt="Pickingshroomsengland" >Pickingshroomsengland</a> &#111&#99&#104&#101&#114 &#111&#114 &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#105&#115&#104&#45&#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119 &#97&#103&#97&#105&#110&#115&#116 an &#111&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108&#108 &#115&#104&#97&#100&#101 &#111&#102 &#115&#109&#117&#100&#103&#121 pale &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#105&#115&#104 stains; only the margins are banded by a darkcolored, watery stripe &#97&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#100&#103&#101&#46 &#78&#111 stripes or banding evident when mushrooms are completely dried. Lacking a veil, caps are thin-fleshed, bald, with an easily &#115&#101&#112&#97&#114&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#112&#101&#108&#108&#105&#99&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#115 &#103&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#110&#111&#117&#115&#45&#115&#116&#105&#99&#107&#121 for a long time, turning shiny when &#100&#114&#121&#46&#13&#10&#71&#105&#108&#108&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#111&#108&#105&#118&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 to blackish purple brown in color, with the edges often remaining &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101&#44 &#103&#105&#108&#108 &#115&#112&#97&#99&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#115 &#113&#117&#105&#116&#101 crowded; gill attachment &#105&#115 &#101&#105&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 &#108&#105&#110&#101&#97&#114 or mostly adnexed; up to 3.5 mm &#119&#105&#100&#101&#59 &#97&#116&#116&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 stem only, fully detached &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#101&#108&#111&#110&#103&#97&#116&#101&#100 to ellipitical in &#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#44 &#115&#109&#111&#111&#116&#104 &#97&#110&#100 &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101&#44 measuring 12-16 &#117&#13&#10&#98&#121 &#54&#45&#56&#44&#117&#46 &#67&#111&#108&#111&#114 &#111&#102 spore dust is blackish purple brown. Stem is very slender, almost uniformly &#116&#104&#105&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#108&#119&#97&#121&#115 &#116&#119&#105&#115&#116&#101&#100&#44 6-12 cm long and 1.25-2 mm thick, yellowish &#111&#114 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#105&#115&#104 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#59 areas &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#117&#114&#101 &#100&#101&#118&#101&#108&#111&#112 &#98&#108&#117&#105&#115&#104&#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#13&#10&#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#46 Stems &#97&#114&#101 &#115&#105&#108&#107&#121 &#115&#109&#111&#111&#116&#104 &#97&#110&#100 roughly at &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44 &#99&#111&#114&#116&#105&#110&#97&#116&#101 &#102&#105&#98&#114&#105&#108&#115 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114 like remnants of a veil, which is brittle and lined with a white fibrous cord of wool-like texture. When &#100&#114&#121&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 &#111&#102 the cap is colored pale yellow, while the stem's flesh is ocher &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 &#101&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 towards the bottom.<br> It is odorless and its flavor is mild. The mushroom &#103&#114&#111&#119&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#65&#117&#103&#117&#115&#116 &#116&#111 October, frequently in gregarious clusters, and can be &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#105&#110 &#112&#97&#115&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 along &#114&#111&#97&#100&#119&#97&#121&#115&#44 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#110 &#100&#117&#110&#103 that has undergone complete decomposition. It is not &#97 &#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#114&#97&#114&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#49&#49&#40&#97&#98&#111&#118&#101&#41 This excellent description of Psilocybe semilanceata by Michael & Schulz (1927) is shown here as &#111&#114&#105&#103&#105&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#112&#117&#98&#108&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#44 with &#97&#110 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#105&#115&#104 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#13&#10&#77&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#115&#112 </p> a have been &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#114&#105&#101&#115&#58 Finland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, The Netherlands, Belgium, France, Russia, Poland, the &#102&#111&#114&#109&#101&#114 &#67&#122&#101&#99&#104&#111&#115&#108&#111&#118&#97&#107&#105&#97&#44&#13&#10&#72&#117&#110&#103&#97&#114&#121&#44 &#82&#111&#109&#97&#110&#105&#97&#44 &#83&#99&#111&#116&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 England, &#87&#97&#108&#101&#115&#44&#13&#10&#73&#116&#97&#108&#121 &#97&#110&#100 &#83&#112&#97&#105&#110&#46&#13&#10&#85&#110&#102&#111&#114&#116&#117&#110&#97&#116&#101&#108&#121&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 are no comprehensive maps detailing the &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#39&#115&#13&#10&#100&#105&#115&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#112&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114&#110&#46 &#84&#114&#97&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115&#13&#10&#104&#97&#118&#101 often neglected relatively tiny species, such as Psilocybe &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#44 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#101&#110&#100 &#116&#111 share their habitats with other, more prominent species. &#84&#104&#101&#13&#10&#115&#97&#114&#99&#97&#115&#116&#105&#99 &#112&#104&#114&#97&#115&#101 &#34&#84&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 occur in abundance wherever mycologists &#97&#98&#111&#117&#110&#100&#34 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#112&#101&#114&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 &#105&#110 reference to the Psilocybe species. &#80&#114&#105&#111&#114 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#121 of psilocybin, the Psilocybe genus languished in the literature, shrouded in &#111&#98&#115&#99&#117&#114&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#84&#111 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#100&#97&#121&#44 few 189.<br> &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#70&#114&#46 &#91&#87&#111&#114&#116&#104&#108&#101&#115&#115&#93&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 cap is uniformly conic to &#98&#101&#108&#108&#45&#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#100&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97 &#112&#111&#105&#110&#116&#121 or obtuse center forming an almost &#119&#97&#114&#116&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#116&#114&#117&#115&#105&#111&#110&#59 &#105&#110&#105&#116&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#99&#97&#112&#115 are often taller than they are wide, &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101 &#98&#101&#110&#116 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#117&#114&#118&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#119&#97&#114&#100&#59 later on, width &#111&#102 &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 &#49&#46&#53&#45&#52 cm. Hygrophanous; coloration is &#97 &#100&#105&#114&#116&#121&#105&#115&#104 &#111&#108&#105&#118&#101&#45&#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#119&#104&#101&#110 wet, with translucent striate margins; at the center, coloration is ocher or &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#105&#115&#104&#45&#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119 &#97&#103&#97&#105&#110&#115&#116 &#97&#110 &#111&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108&#108 shade of &#115&#109&#117&#100&#103&#121 &#112&#97&#108&#101 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 some greenish &#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#59 &#111&#110&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115 are banded by &#97 &#100&#97&#114&#107&#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100&#44 &#119&#97&#116&#101&#114&#121&#13&#10&#115&#116&#114&#105&#112&#101 &#97&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 the edge. No stripes &#111&#114 &#98&#97&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 are completely dried.<br> Lacking a veil, caps &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#105&#110&#45&#102&#108&#101&#115&#104&#101&#100&#44 &#98&#97&#108&#100&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 an easily separable pellicle that remains gelatinous-sticky for &#97 &#108&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#44 &#116&#117&#114&#110&#105&#110&#103 shiny when dry. Gills are olive brown to blackish purple &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 the edges &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101&#44 &#103&#105&#108&#108 &#115&#112&#97&#99&#105&#110&#103 is quite crowded; gill attachment is either roughly linear or mostly adnexed; up to &#51&#46&#53 &#109&#109 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#59 &#97&#116&#116&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 at &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#101&#109 &#111&#110&#108&#121&#44 &#102&#117&#108&#108&#121 detached &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#101&#108&#111&#110&#103&#97&#116&#101&#100 to &#101&#108&#108&#105&#112&#105&#116&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#105&#110 &#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#44 &#115&#109&#111&#111&#116&#104 &#97&#110&#100 large, measuring 12-16 &#117&#13&#10&#98&#121 &#54&#45&#56&#44&#117&#46 &#67&#111&#108&#111&#114 &#111&#102 spore dust is &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#116&#101&#109 &#105&#115 very slender, almost uniformly &#116&#104&#105&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#108&#119&#97&#121&#115 &#116&#119&#105&#115&#116&#101&#100&#44 6-12 cm &#108&#111&#110&#103 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#49&#46&#50&#53&#45&#50 &#109&#109 &#116&#104&#105&#99&#107&#44 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#115&#104 or whitish in &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#59 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 pressure develop bluishgreen stains. things to do on shrooms <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/wher+to+find+magic+mushroons+texas.php" title="Wher To Find Magic Mushroons Texas" alt="Wher To Find Magic Mushroons Texas" >Wher To Find Magic Mushroons Texas</a> Stems are &#115&#105&#108&#107&#121 &#115&#109&#111&#111&#116&#104 &#97&#110&#100 &#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 at &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44 &#99&#111&#114&#116&#105&#110&#97&#116&#101 &#102&#105&#98&#114&#105&#108&#115 appear &#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#110&#97&#110&#116&#115 &#111&#102 &#97 &#118&#101&#105&#108&#44 which is brittle and lined with a white fibrous &#99&#111&#114&#100 &#111&#102 &#119&#111&#111&#108&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#116&#101&#120&#116&#117&#114&#101&#46&#13&#10&#87&#104&#101&#110 &#100&#114&#121&#44 the flesh &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 colored pale yellow, while the stem's &#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#111&#99&#104&#101&#114 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 color, especially towards the bottom. It is odorless and its flavor &#105&#115 &#109&#105&#108&#100&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#115 from August to October, frequently in &#103&#114&#101&#103&#97&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#99&#108&#117&#115&#116&#101&#114&#115&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#97&#110&#13&#10&#98&#101 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 in pastures and along &#114&#111&#97&#100&#119&#97&#121&#115&#44 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#110 &#100&#117&#110&#103 that has undergone complete decomposition. It is not &#97 &#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#114&#97&#114&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 11(above) This excellent description of Psilocybe semilanceata by Michael & Schulz (1927) is shown &#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#115 <b>things to do on shrooms</b> &#111&#114&#105&#103&#105&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#112&#117&#98&#108&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 in German, with an &#69&#110&#103&#108&#105&#115&#104 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#13&#10&#77&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#115&#112&#97 &#104&#97&#118&#101 been reported from the following countries: &#70&#105&#110&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#78&#111&#114&#119&#97&#121&#44&#13&#10&#83&#119&#101&#100&#101&#110&#44 &#68&#101&#110&#109&#97&#114&#107&#44 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#44 Switzerland, Austria, The &#78&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115&#44 &#66&#101&#108&#103&#105&#117&#109&#44 &#70&#114&#97&#110&#99&#101&#44&#13&#10&#82&#117&#115&#115&#105&#97&#44 &#80&#111&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 the former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Scotland, England, Wales, Italy and Spain. Unfortunately, there are no &#99&#111&#109&#112&#114&#101&#104&#101&#110&#115&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#109&#97&#112&#115 &#100&#101&#116&#97&#105&#108&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#39&#115&#13&#10&#100&#105&#115&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#112&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114&#110&#46 Traditionally, mycologists have often neglected &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#108&#121 &#116&#105&#110&#121 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 &#115&#117&#99&#104&#13&#10&#97&#115 Psilocybe semilanceata, that tend to share their habitats with other, more prominent species.<br> The sarcastic phrase "The mushrooms &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#97&#98&#117&#110&#100&#97&#110&#99&#101 &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101&#118&#101&#114 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 abound" is particularly pertinent &#105&#110 &#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 Psilocybe species. Prior to the &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#121 &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 genus &#108&#97&#110&#103&#117&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#105&#116&#101&#114&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101&#44&#13&#10&#115&#104&#114&#111&#117&#100&#101&#100 in obscurity. To this day, few 189. Psilocybe &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#70&#114&#46 &#87&#111&#114&#116&#104&#108&#101&#115&#115&#93&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 uniformly conic to bell-shaped, with a pointy or obtuse center forming an almost wart-like protrusion; &#105&#110&#105&#116&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#99&#97&#112&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 taller than they are wide, &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101 &#98&#101&#110&#116 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#117&#114&#118&#101&#100 inward; later on, width of cap is 1.5-4 cm. Hygrophanous; coloration is a dirtyish &#111&#108&#105&#118&#101&#45&#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#119&#101&#116&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 translucent striate margins; at &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44&#13&#10&#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#115 &#111&#99&#104&#101&#114 or greenish-yellow against an overall &#115&#104&#97&#100&#101 &#111&#102 &#115&#109&#117&#100&#103&#121 &#112&#97&#108&#101 yellow &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#105&#115&#104 &#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#59 only the margins are banded by a darkcolored, watery stripe around &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#100&#103&#101&#46 &#78&#111 &#115&#116&#114&#105&#112&#101&#115 or banding evident when &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101&#108&#121&#13&#10&#100&#114&#105&#101&#100&#46 &#76&#97&#99&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#97 veil, caps are thin-fleshed, &#98&#97&#108&#100&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97&#110 &#101&#97&#115&#105&#108&#121 &#115&#101&#112&#97&#114&#97&#98&#108&#101 pellicle that remains gelatinous-sticky &#102&#111&#114 &#97 &#108&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#44 turning shiny when dry. Gills are olive brown to blackish purple brown in color, with the edges often remaining white, gill spacing is quite crowded; &#103&#105&#108&#108 &#97&#116&#116&#97&#99&#104&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#105&#115 &#101&#105&#116&#104&#101&#114 roughly linear or mostly adnexed; up to 3.5 mm wide; &#97&#116&#116&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#101&#109 only, fully detached later on. Spores are elongated to ellipitical in shape, smooth and large, measuring 12-16 u by 6-8,u. &#67&#111&#108&#111&#114 &#111&#102 &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101 &#100&#117&#115&#116 &#105&#115 blackish purple brown. Stem is very slender, almost uniformly &#116&#104&#105&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#108&#119&#97&#121&#115 &#116&#119&#105&#115&#116&#101&#100&#44 6-12 cm long &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#49&#46&#50&#53&#45&#50 &#109&#109 &#116&#104&#105&#99&#107&#44 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#115&#104 or whitish in color; areas subjected to pressure develop bluishgreen stains.<br> &#83&#116&#101&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#115&#105&#108&#107&#121 &#115&#109&#111&#111&#116&#104 and &#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44 cortinate fibrils appear like remnants of &#97 &#118&#101&#105&#108&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#105&#115 brittle and lined with &#97 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101 &#102&#105&#98&#114&#111&#117&#115 &#99&#111&#114&#100 of &#119&#111&#111&#108&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#116&#101&#120&#116&#117&#114&#101&#46&#13&#10&#87&#104&#101&#110 &#100&#114&#121&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 of the cap is colored pale yellow, while &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#101&#109&#39&#115 &#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#111&#99&#104&#101&#114 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 in color, especially towards the bottom. It is odorless &#97&#110&#100 &#105&#116&#115 &#102&#108&#97&#118&#111&#114 &#105&#115 mild. The mushroom grows from August to October, frequently in gregarious clusters, and can be found in &#112&#97&#115&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#114&#111&#97&#100&#119&#97&#121&#115&#44 growing &#111&#110 &#100&#117&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#104&#97&#115 undergone complete decomposition.<br> &#73&#116 &#105&#115 &#110&#111&#116 &#97 particularly rare species.<br> Figure 11(above) This excellent description of Psilocybe semilanceata by Michael & Schulz (1927) is shown here as originally published in German, with an &#69&#110&#103&#108&#105&#115&#104 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#13&#10&#77&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#115&#112&#97 &#104&#97&#118&#101 been reported from the following countries: Finland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, &#83&#119&#105&#116&#122&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44&#13&#10&#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#44 &#84&#104&#101 &#78&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115&#44 &#66&#101&#108&#103&#105&#117&#109&#44 France, Russia, Poland, <H3>things to do on shrooms</H3> the former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Scotland, England, Wales, Italy and Spain. Unfortunately, there are no comprehensive maps detailing the species's distribution pattern. Traditionally, mycologists have often neglected &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#108&#121 &#116&#105&#110&#121 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 &#115&#117&#99&#104&#13&#10&#97&#115 Psilocybe semilanceata, that tend &#116&#111 &#115&#104&#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114&#13&#10&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#97&#116&#115 &#119&#105&#116&#104 other, more prominent species. The sarcastic phrase "The mushrooms occur &#105&#110&#13&#10&#97&#98&#117&#110&#100&#97&#110&#99&#101 &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101&#118&#101&#114 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#110&#100&#34 is particularly pertinent in reference to the Psilocybe species. Prior to the discovery of psilocybin, the Psilocybe genus languished in the literature, shrouded in obscurity. To this day, &#102&#101&#119&#13&#10&#49&#56&#57&#46 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#70&#114&#46 Worthless The cap &#105&#115 &#117&#110&#105&#102&#111&#114&#109&#108&#121 &#99&#111&#110&#105&#99 &#116&#111 &#98&#101&#108&#108&#45&#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#100&#44 with &#97 &#112&#111&#105&#110&#116&#121 &#111&#114 &#111&#98&#116&#117&#115&#101 center forming an almost wart-like protrusion; initially, caps are often taller than they are &#119&#105&#100&#101&#44 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101 &#98&#101&#110&#116 &#97&#110&#100 curved inward; later &#111&#110&#44 &#119&#105&#100&#116&#104 &#111&#102 &#99&#97&#112 is 1.5-4 cm. Hygrophanous; coloration is a dirtyish &#111&#108&#105&#118&#101&#45&#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#119&#101&#116&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 translucent striate margins; &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44&#13&#10&#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#115 ocher or greenish-yellow against an overall shade of smudgy pale yellow &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#105&#115&#104 &#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#59 &#111&#110&#108&#121 the margins are &#98&#97&#110&#100&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#97 &#100&#97&#114&#107&#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100&#44 watery stripe around the edge. No stripes or banding evident &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101&#108&#121&#13&#10&#100&#114&#105&#101&#100&#46 Lacking a veil, caps are thin-fleshed, bald, with an easily separable pellicle that remains gelatinous-sticky for a long &#116&#105&#109&#101&#44 &#116&#117&#114&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#104&#105&#110&#121 &#119&#104&#101&#110 dry.<br> Gills &#97&#114&#101 &#111&#108&#105&#118&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 purple brown in &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#100&#103&#101&#115 often remaining &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101&#44 &#103&#105&#108&#108 &#115&#112&#97&#99&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#115 quite crowded; gill attachment is either &#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 &#108&#105&#110&#101&#97&#114 &#111&#114&#13&#10&#109&#111&#115&#116&#108&#121 &#97&#100&#110&#101&#120&#101&#100&#59 up to 3.5 mm wide; attached at &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#101&#109 &#111&#110&#108&#121&#44 &#102&#117&#108&#108&#121 detached &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#101&#108&#111&#110&#103&#97&#116&#101&#100 to ellipitical &#105&#110 &#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#44 &#115&#109&#111&#111&#116&#104 &#97&#110&#100 large, measuring 12-16 u by 6-8,u. Color of spore dust is blackish purple brown. Stem is &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#115&#108&#101&#110&#100&#101&#114&#44 &#97&#108&#109&#111&#115&#116 &#117&#110&#105&#102&#111&#114&#109&#108&#121 thin and always &#116&#119&#105&#115&#116&#101&#100&#44 &#54&#45&#49&#50 &#99&#109 &#108&#111&#110&#103 and 1.25-2 mm thick, yellowish or whitish in color; areas &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#117&#114&#101 &#100&#101&#118&#101&#108&#111&#112 bluishgreen stains. Stems are silky smooth and roughly at the center, cortinate fibrils appear &#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#110&#97&#110&#116&#115 &#111&#102 &#97 &#118&#101&#105&#108&#44 which &#105&#115 &#98&#114&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#108&#105&#110&#101&#100 with a &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101 &#102&#105&#98&#114&#111&#117&#115 &#99&#111&#114&#100 &#111&#102 wool-like texture. When dry, the flesh of the cap is colored &#112&#97&#108&#101 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#101 stem's flesh is ocher brown in color, especially towards the bottom. It is odorless &#97&#110&#100 &#105&#116&#115 &#102&#108&#97&#118&#111&#114 &#105&#115 mild.<br> The mushroom grows &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#65&#117&#103&#117&#115&#116 &#116&#111 &#79&#99&#116&#111&#98&#101&#114&#44 &#102&#114&#101&#113&#117&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121 in gregarious clusters, &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#97&#110&#13&#10&#98&#101 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#105&#110 pastures and &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#114&#111&#97&#100&#119&#97&#121&#115&#44 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#110 dung that has undergone &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#99&#111&#109&#112&#111&#115&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 &#73&#116 &#105&#115 &#110&#111&#116 &#97 particularly rare species. Figure 11(above) This excellent description of Psilocybe semilanceata by Michael & Schulz (1927) is shown here as originally published &#105&#110 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97&#110 English translation. Mycologists spa &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 following countries: Finland, &#78&#111&#114&#119&#97&#121&#44&#13&#10&#83&#119&#101&#100&#101&#110&#44 &#68&#101&#110&#109&#97&#114&#107&#44 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#44 &#83&#119&#105&#116&#122&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44&#13&#10&#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#44 The Netherlands, Belgium, France, Russia, &#80&#111&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#101&#114 &#67&#122&#101&#99&#104&#111&#115&#108&#111&#118&#97&#107&#105&#97&#44&#13&#10&#72&#117&#110&#103&#97&#114&#121&#44 Romania, &#83&#99&#111&#116&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#87&#97&#108&#101&#115&#44&#13&#10&#73&#116&#97&#108&#121 &#97&#110&#100 Spain. Unfortunately, there &#97&#114&#101 &#110&#111 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#114&#101&#104&#101&#110&#115&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#109&#97&#112&#115 &#100&#101&#116&#97&#105&#108&#105&#110&#103 the species's distribution pattern. Traditionally, mycologists have often neglected &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#108&#121 &#116&#105&#110&#121 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 &#115&#117&#99&#104&#13&#10&#97&#115 Psilocybe &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#44 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#101&#110&#100 &#116&#111 share their habitats with other, more prominent species.<br> The sarcastic phrase &#34&#84&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#97&#98&#117&#110&#100&#97&#110&#99&#101 &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101&#118&#101&#114 mycologists abound" is particularly pertinent &#105&#110 &#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 Psilocybe species.<br> Prior to &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#121 &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#44 the Psilocybe &#103&#101&#110&#117&#115 &#108&#97&#110&#103&#117&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 literature, shrouded in obscurity. To this day, few 189. Psilocybe semilanceata &#70&#114&#46 &#87&#111&#114&#116&#104&#108&#101&#115&#115&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 &#117&#110&#105&#102&#111&#114&#109&#108&#121 conic to bell-shaped, with &#97 &#112&#111&#105&#110&#116&#121 &#111&#114 &#111&#98&#116&#117&#115&#101 center forming an &#97&#108&#109&#111&#115&#116 &#119&#97&#114&#116&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#116&#114&#117&#115&#105&#111&#110&#59 &#105&#110&#105&#116&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 caps are &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#116&#97&#108&#108&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#121 are wide, margins are &#98&#101&#110&#116 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#117&#114&#118&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#119&#97&#114&#100&#59 later on, width of cap &#105&#115 &#49&#46&#53&#45&#52 &#99&#109&#46 &#72&#121&#103&#114&#111&#112&#104&#97&#110&#111&#117&#115&#59 coloration is a dirtyish olive-brown when wet, with translucent striate &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115&#59 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44&#13&#10&#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#115 &#111&#99&#104&#101&#114 or greenish-yellow against an overall shade of smudgy pale yellow and oftentimes some &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#105&#115&#104 &#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#59 &#111&#110&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#101 margins &#97&#114&#101 &#98&#97&#110&#100&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#97 darkcolored, watery stripe around the edge. No stripes or banding evident when mushrooms &#97&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101&#108&#121&#13&#10&#100&#114&#105&#101&#100&#46 &#76&#97&#99&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#97 veil, caps are thin-fleshed, bald, with an easily separable pellicle that remains gelatinous-sticky for a long time, turning shiny when dry. Gills &#97&#114&#101 &#111&#108&#105&#118&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111 blackish purple brown in &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#100&#103&#101&#115 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103 white, gill spacing is quite crowded; &#103&#105&#108&#108 &#97&#116&#116&#97&#99&#104&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#105&#115 &#101&#105&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 linear or mostly adnexed; up &#116&#111 &#51&#46&#53 &#109&#109 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#59 attached at &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#101&#109 &#111&#110&#108&#121&#44 &#102&#117&#108&#108&#121 detached &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#101&#108&#111&#110&#103&#97&#116&#101&#100 to ellipitical in shape, smooth and large, measuring 12-16 u by 6-8,u. &#67&#111&#108&#111&#114 &#111&#102 &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101 &#100&#117&#115&#116 is blackish purple brown. Stem is &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#115&#108&#101&#110&#100&#101&#114&#44 &#97&#108&#109&#111&#115&#116 &#117&#110&#105&#102&#111&#114&#109&#108&#121 thin &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#108&#119&#97&#121&#115 &#116&#119&#105&#115&#116&#101&#100&#44 &#54&#45&#49&#50 &#99&#109 long and 1.25-2 mm thick, yellowish or whitish in color; &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#117&#114&#101 develop &#98&#108&#117&#105&#115&#104&#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#13&#10&#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#46 &#83&#116&#101&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#115&#105&#108&#107&#121 smooth and roughly at the center, cortinate fibrils appear like remnants of a veil, which is brittle and lined with a white fibrous &#99&#111&#114&#100 &#111&#102 &#119&#111&#111&#108&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#116&#101&#120&#116&#117&#114&#101&#46&#13&#10&#87&#104&#101&#110 &#100&#114&#121&#44 the flesh of the &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100 &#112&#97&#108&#101 yellow, &#119&#104&#105&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#101&#109&#39&#115 &#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#111&#99&#104&#101&#114 brown in color, especially towards the bottom.<br> It is odorless and its flavor is mild. The mushroom grows from August to &#79&#99&#116&#111&#98&#101&#114&#44 &#102&#114&#101&#113&#117&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121 &#105&#110 &#103&#114&#101&#103&#97&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#99&#108&#117&#115&#116&#101&#114&#115&#44 and can be found &#105&#110 &#112&#97&#115&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 roadways, growing &#111&#110 &#100&#117&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#104&#97&#115 undergone complete decomposition. It is not &#97 &#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#114&#97&#114&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 11(above) This excellent description of Psilocybe semilanceata by Michael & Schulz (1927) is shown &#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#115 &#111&#114&#105&#103&#105&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#112&#117&#98&#108&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 in German, with &#97&#110 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#105&#115&#104 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#13&#10&#77&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#115&#112 <p align="justify"> More than half of Australia's beef cattle can be found in the &#99&#111&#97&#115&#116&#97&#108 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#111&#102 &#81&#117&#101&#101&#110&#115&#108&#97&#110&#100 &#97&#110&#100 New South &#87&#97&#108&#101&#115&#59 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#50&#48 to 30 inch (500-750mm) rainfall belt of Queensland, New South Wales and Northern Victoria, generally provide adequate climatic environments for the growth &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#97&#110 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/field+shrooms/Things+to+Do+While+Tripping+on+Shrooms/" title="Field Shrooms Things To Do While Tripping On Shrooms" alt="Field Shrooms Things To Do While Tripping On Shrooms" >Field Shrooms Things To Do While Tripping On Shrooms</a> &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#44 &#101&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 after &#104&#101&#97&#118&#121 &#114&#97&#105&#110&#115&#46 &#73&#116 &#104&#97&#115 been suggested that "Psilocybe cubensis was &#105&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#99&#99&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#98&#121 early settlers along with their livestock.<br>" This same spore dispersal mechanism <u>uses uses of</u> also probably applies to Copelandia cyanescens, Panaeolus subbalteatus <b>Blue liberty shrooms</b> and several additional species known to occur in or around the dung of other &#114&#117&#109&#105&#110&#97&#110&#116&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#105&#110&#99&#108&#117&#100&#101&#115 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 semilanceata and the non-hallucinogenic "haymaker's" mushroom Panaeolina &#102&#111&#101&#110&#105&#115&#101&#99&#105&#105&#46 &#87&#104&#105&#108&#101 &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#97&#114&#101 raised in all Australian states, as well as in the central lowlands, recreational users have &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111 &#101&#120&#112&#111&#114&#116 these &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#112&#116&#105&#99 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#116&#111 &#118&#97&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115 areas in Australia from areas where they were collected. In the case of New &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#104&#101&#114&#101&#97&#102&#116&#101&#114 &#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#111 as NZ, &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#114&#105&#109&#97&#114&#121 source for Copelandia cyanescens, but the &#34&#108&#105&#98&#101&#114&#116&#121 &#99&#97&#112&#34 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 semilanceata only grows in the manured soil &#111&#102 &#102&#111&#117&#114&#45&#108&#101&#103&#103&#101&#100 &#114&#117&#109&#105&#110&#97&#110&#116&#115 &#97&#110&#100 not directly from manure (Jansen, Pers. Comm., 1988).<br> &#84&#104&#101 &#105&#100&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#115&#101&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 this guide documents reported locations for more than 1 dozen species of psilocybian mushrooms in &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#90 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 most likely have been &#117&#115&#101&#100 &#97&#116 &#111&#110&#101 &#116&#105&#109&#101 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/field+shrooms/Things+to+Do+While+Tripping+on+Shrooms/" title="Field Shrooms Things To Do While Tripping On Shrooms" alt="Field Shrooms Things To Do While Tripping On Shrooms" >Field Shrooms Things To Do While Tripping On Shrooms</a> or another for recreational purposes. </p> <div USE USE USE align="left"> The Mazatec Indians, who have a long tradition of using <u>the ways to do shrooms</u> &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#44 &#105&#110&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116 &#97 range of mountains called the <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/liberty+caps+shrooms.php" title="Liberty Caps Shrooms" alt="Liberty Caps Shrooms" >Liberty Caps Shrooms</a> Sierra Mazateca in &#116&#104&#101 &#110&#111&#114&#116&#104&#101&#97&#115&#116&#101&#114&#110 &#99&#111&#114&#110&#101&#114 &#111&#102 the Mexican state of Oaxaca. The &#115&#104&#97&#109&#97&#110&#115 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#101&#115&#115&#97&#121 are <b>compare shrooms varieties colorful vs euphoric</b> &#97&#108&#108 &#110&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 town &#111&#102 &#72&#117&#97&#117&#116&#108&#97 &#100&#101 &#74&#105&#109&#101&#110&#101&#122&#46 &#80&#114&#111&#112&#101&#114&#108&#121 speaking &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#114&#101 &#72&#117&#97&#117&#116&#101&#99&#97&#110&#115&#59 &#98&#117&#116 since the language they speak has been &#99&#97&#108&#108&#101&#100 &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#101&#99 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#121 have been referred to in the previous &#97&#110&#116&#104&#114&#111&#112&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#108&#105&#116&#101&#114&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101 &#97&#115 &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#101&#99&#115&#44 I <i>USE USE USE</i> &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#114&#101&#116&#97&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#110&#97&#109&#101&#44 &#116&#104&#111&#117&#103&#104 strictly speaking, Mazatecs are the inhabitants of the village &#111&#102 &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#108&#97&#110 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 same mountains. </div> The Mazatec Indians, &#119&#104&#111 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#97 &#108&#111&#110&#103 tradition of using the mushrooms, inhabit a range of <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/cagoldcapshroomsturnblueareedible.php" title="Cagoldcapshroomsturnblueareedible" alt="Cagoldcapshroomsturnblueareedible" >Cagoldcapshroomsturnblueareedible</a> mountains &#99&#97&#108&#108&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#83&#105&#101&#114&#114&#97 &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#101&#99&#97 &#105&#110 the northeastern corner <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/Psilocybecubensis1.php" title="Psilocybecubensis1" alt="Psilocybecubensis1" >Psilocybecubensis1</a> of the Mexican state of Oaxaca. The shamans in this essay are &#97&#108&#108 &#110&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 town of Huautla de Jimenez. &#80&#114&#111&#112&#101&#114&#108&#121 &#115&#112&#101&#97&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#114&#101 &#72&#117&#97&#117&#116&#101&#99&#97&#110&#115&#59 but &#115&#105&#110&#99&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#97&#110&#103&#117&#97&#103&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#121 speak &#104&#97&#115 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#99&#97&#108&#108&#101&#100 &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#101&#99 and they have been referred to in the previous anthropological literature &#97&#115 &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#101&#99&#115&#44 &#73 &#104&#97&#118&#101 retained &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#110&#97&#109&#101&#44 &#116&#104&#111&#117&#103&#104 &#115&#116&#114&#105&#99&#116&#108&#121 speaking, Mazatecs are the &#105&#110&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#97&#110&#116&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#118&#105&#108&#108&#97&#103&#101 &#111&#102 Mazatlan &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#97&#109&#101 &#109&#111&#117&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#46 As they say, ʼTis the season to be pickingʼ, but make <div align="center"> &#84&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#114&#101 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magic+mushrooms+spores.php" title="Magic Mushrooms Spores" alt="Magic Mushrooms Spores" >Magic Mushrooms Spores</a> &#109&#111&#114&#101 than 1 dozen species of "magic mushrooms" <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magic+mushrooms+spores.php" title="Magic Mushrooms Spores" alt="Magic Mushrooms Spores" >Magic Mushrooms Spores</a> in Australia &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#101&#119 </div> Those who ingest Copelandia cyanescens, known in <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/psilocybinsporeoregon.php" title="Psilocybinsporeoregon" alt="Psilocybinsporeoregon" >Psilocybinsporeoregon</a> Most recreational users of Psilocybe cubensis (when grown in &#118&#105&#116&#114&#111&#41 &#114&#101&#113&#117&#105&#114&#101 &#97 &#100&#111&#115&#97&#103&#101 of 1 to 2 gm of &#100&#114&#105&#101&#100 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#116&#111 &#112&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#101 an altered state &#111&#102 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#59 &#97 &#99&#108&#105&#110&#105&#99&#97&#108 dosage for Psilocybe cubensis, on the other hand, had previously been reported as &#114&#97&#110&#103&#105&#110&#103 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#51 &#116&#111 &#53 gm of &#100&#114&#105&#101&#100 &#109&#97&#116&#101&#114&#105&#97&#108&#46 &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#100&#111&#115&#97&#103&#101 &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 be comparable to the &#97&#109&#111&#117&#110&#116 &#111&#102 &#102&#117&#110&#103&#97&#108 &#109&#97&#116&#101&#114&#105&#97&#108 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/gold+top+magic+mushrooms/wild+psilocybin+shroom+picking+guide+central+asia/" title="Gold Top Magic Mushrooms Wild Psilocybin Shroom Picking Guide Central Asia" alt="Gold Top Magic Mushrooms Wild Psilocybin Shroom Picking Guide Central Asia" >Gold Top Magic Mushrooms Wild Psilocybin Shroom Picking Guide Central Asia</a> consumed for religious purposes in a Mazatec Indian &#104&#101&#97&#108&#105&#110&#103 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#99&#101&#114&#101&#109&#111&#110&#121&#46 In 1982, one &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104 &#116&#101&#97&#109 &#34&#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 the level of &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#105&#110 &#118&#97&#114&#105&#101&#115 over a factor of 4 among various in vitro cultures of Psilocybe &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#108&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#109&#101&#110&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#111&#117&#116&#100&#111&#111&#114&#115 varied tenfold." A &#102&#114&#101&#115&#104 &#100&#111&#115&#97&#103&#101 &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 cubensis in Australia would be approximately from &#49 &#116&#111 &#50 &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 weighing up &#116&#111 &#97&#115 &#109&#117&#99&#104 &#97&#115 &#111&#110&#101 fresh ounce, or as many as from 25 to 50 small &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#101&#113&#117&#97&#108&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#97&#109&#101 weight amount. Ethnopharmacologist Jonathan Ott (1976, 1993) noted that &#104&#101 &#104&#97&#115 &#111&#98&#115&#101&#114&#118&#101&#100 &#34&#116&#104&#101 ingestion &#111&#102 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#48&#46&#53 &#103&#109 to 5.9 gm dried weight (10 gm to 40 gm fresh)", &#111&#102 &#118&#97&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#46 Dosage for Psilocybe subcubensis would &#98&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#97&#109&#101 &#97&#115 for Psilocybe cubensis. Both of these latter &#116&#119&#111 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#109&#97&#99&#114&#111&#115&#99&#111&#112&#105&#99&#97&#108&#108&#121 alike.<br> &#84&#104&#101 &#117&#115&#117&#97&#108 &#100&#111&#115&#97&#103&#101 &#102&#111&#114 Copelandia cyanescens required &#116&#111 &#105&#110&#100&#117&#99&#101 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#101&#100&#101&#108&#105&#99 &#118&#105&#115&#117&#97&#108 &#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115 ranges from 1 &#116&#111 &#51 &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#109&#101&#110&#115 (cap diameter c. 5 &#109&#109&#41&#44 &#111&#114 &#97&#115 &#109&#97&#110&#121 as 5 to l0 medium-sized mushrooms (cap diameter c. 2.5 mm); &#104&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 &#112&#101&#114&#115&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#116&#111&#108&#101&#114&#97&#110&#99&#101 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#109&#97&#121 occur with continued use, and &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#119&#104&#111 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#117&#109&#101 &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101 amounts of &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100&#108&#121 ingested as many as 50 to 200 &#102&#114&#101&#115&#104 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#109&#101&#110&#115 &#111&#102 &#118&#97&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115 sizes. <div align="left"> n the U.S.) contribute to the therapeutic process; they may even be the sole source for future progress. Under these &#99&#111&#110&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#44 &#115&#116&#101&#114&#101&#111 &#109&#117&#115&#105&#99 &#97&#108&#115&#111&#13&#10&#115&#105&#103&#110&#105&#102&#105&#99&#97&#110&#116&#108&#121 deepened the intensity of the experience. It &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#107&#105&#110&#100&#115 of specific experiences may &#97&#108&#115&#111 &#97&#99&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116 &#102&#111&#114 &#116&#104&#101 &#114&#101&#109&#97&#114&#107&#97&#98&#108&#101&#13&#10&#115&#117&#99&#99&#101&#115&#115 of treating terminal patients with LSD to ease their fears in the face of &#100&#101&#97&#116&#104 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#111 &#114&#101&#100&#117&#99&#101&#13&#10&#101&#118&#101&#110 the <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/are+gold+cap+shrooms+psilocybin+cubensis.php" title="Gold Chat Gold Chat Gold Chat Gold Chat Psilocybin Chat Gold" alt="Gold Chat Gold Chat Gold Chat Gold Chat Psilocybin Chat Gold" >Gold Chat Gold Chat Gold Chat Gold Chat Psilocybin Chat Gold</a> most severe forms of pain. In many such cases, symptoms disappeared entirely, and relief from &#112&#97&#105&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#110&#120&#105&#101&#116&#121 &#116&#104&#97&#116 continued even after the drug's acute effects had worn off. A book by S.<br> Grof provides a compassionate analysis of such successful treatments, which serves to underscore the &#102&#97&#99&#116 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#115&#121&#115&#116&#101&#109&#97&#116&#105&#99 &#101&#102&#102&#111&#114&#116&#115 to investigate these particular therapeutic benefits have only just begun. So far, LSD has &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#108&#121&#13&#10&#115&#116&#117&#100&#105&#101&#100 substance in terms of easing the suffering of &#116&#101&#114&#109&#105&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#105&#108&#108 &#112&#97&#116&#105&#101&#110&#116&#115&#44 &#97&#115 well &#97&#115 &#100&#105&#112&#114&#111&#112&#121&#108&#116&#114&#121&#112&#116&#97&#109&#105&#110&#101&#13&#10&#40&#68&#80&#84&#41&#44 &#97 &#115&#121&#110&#116&#104&#101&#116&#105&#99 drug structurally similar to &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#105&#115 &#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 only &#119&#104&#101&#110&#13&#10&#97&#100&#109&#105&#110&#105&#115&#116&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#105&#110&#106&#101&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#66&#101&#108&#111&#119&#44 &#97 young woman from Switzerland gives &#97 &#100&#101&#116&#97&#105&#108&#101&#100 &#97&#99&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116 &#111&#102 her second mushroom experience.<br> Her first experiment, &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115&#44 &#104&#97&#100 &#97&#108&#114&#101&#97&#100&#121 introduced her to the realm of mystical &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115&#46 &#70&#111&#114 &#104&#101&#114 &#115&#101&#99&#111&#110&#100 &#106&#111&#117&#114&#110&#101&#121&#44&#13&#10&#115&#104&#101 used 20 Psilocybe semilanceata mushrooms as part of a group ritual and &#97&#99&#104&#105&#101&#118&#101&#100 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#99&#101&#110&#100&#101&#110&#99&#101&#46&#13&#10&#65 &#114&#101&#109&#97&#114&#107&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#102&#101&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101 of her account is that &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#111&#102 &#97&#110 experienced guide &#119&#97&#115 &#110&#101&#101&#100&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#114&#101&#97&#108&#105&#122&#101 the full potential of this visionary quest.<br> "1 sat down next &#116&#111 &#97&#110&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#105&#112&#97&#110&#116&#44&#13&#10&#115&#101&#101&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 connect with others in preparation for my journey. We proceeded to eat the fresh mushrooms. The room &#103&#114&#101&#119 &#113&#117&#105&#101&#116 &#97&#110&#100 &#108&#111&#118&#101&#108&#121&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#105&#99 began to play. The mushrooms's effects came on much &#102&#97&#115&#116&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#100&#105&#100 during my first experiment.<br> Twice I tried to establish closer contact with my fellow participant, but he was very nervous, and no source of reassurance for me.<br> &#73 &#119&#97&#115 &#115&#101&#101&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#109&#121 &#115&#112&#105&#114&#105&#116&#117&#97&#108 companion, but did not find &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#112&#101&#114&#115&#111&#110 &#97&#109&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 present group.<br> &#73&#13&#10&#98&#101&#99&#97&#109&#101 &#97 &#102&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#105&#110 a long, &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101 &#114&#111&#98&#101&#44 &#119&#97&#110&#100&#101&#114&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#97&#105&#109&#108&#101&#115&#115&#108&#121 &#97&#109&#111&#110&#103 the &#99&#111&#108&#117&#109&#110&#115 &#40&#71&#114&#101&#101&#99&#101&#63&#41&#44 &#115&#116&#105&#108&#108&#13&#10&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104&#105&#110&#103&#46&#13&#10&#77&#121 &#103&#97&#122&#101 &#108&#105&#110&#103&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#98&#114&#105&#101&#102&#108&#121 &#111&#110 the wall next to the door and I saw faces &#97&#110&#100 &#102&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 &#118&#97&#110&#105&#115&#104&#44 but they did not hold my interest.<br> It was hopeless. I continued my aimless roaming, and I was on &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#116&#101&#114&#105&#97&#108 &#112&#108&#97&#110&#101&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 I wanted to leave - had to leave. Suddenly, I &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#109&#121&#115&#101&#108&#102&#13&#10&#119&#105&#116&#104 &#111&#110&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 guides, who wanted to help me. I stared &#111&#102&#102 &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#105&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101&#44 longing &#116&#111 &#98&#101 &#102&#114&#101&#101 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 material plane, but unable to &#100&#111 &#115&#111&#46 &#70&#111&#114 &#97 long time, I failed to connect with the guide; our two worlds were &#106&#117&#115&#116 &#116&#111&#111 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116&#46 &#83&#117&#100&#100&#101&#110&#108&#121 I sensed that he wasn't able to &#108&#111&#111&#107 &#97&#116 &#109&#101 &#100&#105&#114&#101&#99&#116&#108&#121&#46 &#84&#104&#101 path by which to &#114&#101&#97&#99&#104 &#109&#101 &#114&#117&#110&#115 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/are+gold+cap+shrooms+psilocybin+cubensis.php" title="Gold Chat Gold Chat Gold Chat Gold Chat Psilocybin Chat Gold" alt="Gold Chat Gold Chat Gold Chat Gold Chat Psilocybin Chat Gold" >Gold Chat Gold Chat Gold Chat Gold Chat Psilocybin Chat Gold</a> &#116&#104&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104 my eyes, because only &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#114&#117&#108&#121 &#97&#108&#105&#118&#101&#46 I asked him to help me &#111&#110 &#109&#121 &#119&#97&#121 &#97&#110&#100 invited him to look into my &#101&#121&#101&#115&#46 &#73 &#102&#101&#108&#116 &#97&#115 &#105&#102 all life energy was draining from my bo </div> &#101 &#99&#114&#101&#101&#107 &#111&#110 &#119&#111&#111&#100 chips &#111&#102&#13&#10&#67&#97&#114&#112&#105&#110&#117&#115&#44 &#65&#108&#110&#117&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#83&#97&#108&#105&#120&#44 on raw compost mixtures of Picea, Pinus and Larix needles, as Sept.<br> Oct. Nov. Dec. &#74&#97&#110&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#50&#49 &#45 &#70&#114&#117&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#99&#117&#114&#118&#101 of Psilocybe cyanescens based on observations at several locations in the former Czechoslovakia. The &#109&#121&#99&#101&#108&#105&#97 &#109&#97&#107&#101 &#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 different kinds of plant debris and even grow on wet cardboard, where they &#100&#101&#118&#101&#108&#111&#112 &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#114&#104&#105&#122&#111&#109&#111&#114&#112&#104&#115 &#106&#117&#115&#116 like they would in nature. Rhizomorphs &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#105&#99&#107&#13&#10&#115&#116&#114&#97&#110&#100&#115 &#111&#102 &#109&#121&#99&#101&#108&#105&#97 &#116&#104&#97&#116 serve &#116&#111 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#112&#111&#114&#116&#13&#10&#110&#117&#116&#114&#105&#101&#110&#116&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#119&#97&#116&#101&#114&#46 They also develop intense blue &#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115 &#40&#115&#101&#101 &#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#50&#50&#41&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 23 Distribution &#112&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114&#110 &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#105&#110 Germany &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#100&#106&#97&#99&#101&#110&#116 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115&#13&#10&#40&#97&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 Krieglsteiner).<br> Locations are indicated by black dots. Figure 22 Psilocybe bohemica rhizomorphs growing on wet cardboard. Figure 24 - Psilocybe &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#97&#116 &#97 &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108 location (USA). Figure 25 - Psilocybe bohemica on twigs and leaves. Impressive Experiences Psilocybe &#98&#111&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97 &#105&#115 &#97 &#118&#101&#114&#121 psychoactive species.<br> Its effects are vividly documented in the following account &#111&#102 &#111&#110&#101 &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108 &#115&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#115&#116&#39&#115&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#97&#115 part of controlled clinical trials in Prague: About 30 mg of psilocybin in mushroom tissue &#119&#97&#115 &#112&#114&#101&#112&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#104&#111&#116 water, with effects already noticeable ten minutes after ingestion.<br> I grew increasingly quiet.<br> At first, my legs &#98&#101&#103&#97&#110 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#116&#105&#110&#103&#108&#101&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#110 &#109&#121 underarms as well. Aside from &#97&#13&#10&#100&#101&#101&#112&#101&#114 &#98&#114&#101&#97&#116&#104&#105&#110&#103 &#114&#104&#121&#116&#104&#109&#44 &#102&#101&#119 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 somatic effects were &#110&#111&#116&#101&#100&#46 &#73&#110&#105&#116&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#119&#101&#114&#101 fits of laughter caused &#98&#121 &#117&#110&#117&#115&#117&#97&#108 &#99&#111&#103&#110&#105&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#97&#115&#115&#111&#99&#105&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#59 this laughter also affected &#116&#104&#101 &#116&#119&#111 &#34&#115&#111&#98&#101&#114&#34 &#103&#117&#105&#100&#101&#115&#46 A growing hyperacuity interfered with the ability to listen to music, &#115&#111 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#86&#105&#118&#97&#108&#100&#105&#39&#115 &#34&#83&#112&#114&#105&#110&#103&#116&#105&#109&#101&#34&#13&#10&#99&#97&#117&#115&#101&#100 painful stabs inside the brain. I compared the <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/fresh+magic+mushroom/" title="Magic Chat Magic Chat Fresh" alt="Magic Chat Magic Chat Fresh" >Magic Chat Magic Chat Fresh</a> pain to that caused by a "sawing knife". &#84&#104&#101&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#109&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#115 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#98&#108&#111&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#97&#110&#100 yellow... Existing bodily characteristics, such as thinning hair stimulated a person's &#105&#108&#108&#117&#115&#105&#111&#110&#97&#114&#121&#13&#10&#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#102&#111&#114&#109&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#97 &#109&#111&#110&#107 with tonsure. Their voices also appeared reverent and, from a somewhat paranoid point of view, &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#103&#101&#110&#116&#108&#101&#109&#101&#110&#13&#10&#97&#116 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 &#115&#101&#101&#109&#101&#100 to be working a switching station that, for some reasons, &#119&#97&#115 &#109&#121 &#101&#110&#101&#109&#121&#46 &#65&#116 the &#115&#97&#109&#101&#13&#10&#116&#105&#109&#101&#44 &#73 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#98&#111&#116&#104 of them to be quite likeable. During this time period, the other female &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#13&#10&#112&#101&#114&#99&#101&#105&#118&#101&#100 &#102&#97&#110&#116&#97&#115&#116&#105&#99 &#105&#109&#97&#103&#101&#115 &#111&#102 moving colors and saw &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#102 &#104&#101&#114 &#119&#104&#111&#108&#101 life unfolding &#98&#101&#104&#105&#110&#100&#13&#10&#99&#108&#111&#115&#101&#100 &#101&#121&#101&#115&#46 &#68&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#105&#115 period, I had &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#105&#115&#116&#105&#110&#99&#116&#13&#10&#105&#109&#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#105&#111&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#97&#110 electrical current was flowing through &#109&#121 &#98&#111&#100&#121&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#119&#97&#115 &#110&#111&#116 an uncomfortable sensation. About three &#104&#111&#117&#114&#115 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#103&#101&#110&#116&#108&#101&#109&#101&#110&#13&#10&#114&#101&#116&#105&#114&#101&#100 to the kitchen and the nature of the experience changed quite drastically. At first I felt as if my legs were increasingly merging into &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#97&#108&#108&#44 &#97 &#118&#101&#114&#121 comfortable experience. In &#97 &#115&#116&#97&#116&#101 &#111&#102 &#117&#116&#116&#101&#114 clarity of consciousness, I finally felt as if I had no body at all.<br> I said. "The &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#112&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#101&#120&#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#115 the experience of a pure soul". Using words as triggers, we were &#97&#98&#108&#101 &#116&#111 &#105&#110&#100&#117&#99&#101 &#115&#104&#97&#114&#101&#100 experiences o ed and large numbers of studies were conducted, primarily with LSD. These investigators sought to discover the receptor binding sites for hallucinogenic compounds in the brain and to understand the mechanisms underlying the genesis of psychedelic visions. Today, we still lack a sound theoretical framework able to explain the relationship between chemical compounds and the manifestation of their psychoactivity. Even though basic research is certainly important, its methods, unfortunately, are often a function of a rather one-sided pharmacological approach to investigating the effects of psilocybin, LSD and mescaline - an approach that is, in fact, too narrow to address the remarkably unusual nature of these substances and their effects. Misunderstandings between pharmacologists and toxicologists on the one hand and psychiatrists and psychologists on the other can often be traced all the way back to the 1950's, creating a legacy of disputes and arguments that have yet to be resolved. S. Grof undertook the tedious task of analyzing 5,000 experimental LSD protocols in an effort to isolate "absolute" symptoms that are reported or occur all of the time. His results were negative. According to Grof, hallucinogenic substances are non-specific triggers causing a sequence of altered states of consciousness, which do not fit the syndrome labeled "toxic psychosis". Rather, it is the individual's personality, along with the experimental setting that significantly shape the nature of the psychedelic experience. This view is shared by a majority of experts with considerable experience in conducting psychedelics-assisted psychotherapy. Even "real" somatic symptoms, such as nausea or vomiting, can often be controlled through psychological intervention techniques administered by trained professionals. A Plethora of Names The broad range of possible experiences inspired the use of labels other than "hallucinogens", with widely differing semantic connotations: entheogens, psychedelics, illusionogens, psycholytics, psychomimetics, psychodysleptica, psychoemetics and others. "Phantastica" (Lewin) is the oldest label ever used to describe this class of substances. This term successfully evokes dream-like, fanciful aspects of the experience, as well as the potential for euphoric and dysphoric emotional overtones. More recent terminology often says more about semantic biases of those who use the labels than about any factual, objective characteristics of the alkaloids they refer to. Accordingly, official antidrug propaganda since the 1960's has disparaged "psychedelics" as excessively glamorous and too positive a label, as the term was popular among Timothy Leary's fans and supporters. When used in low doses or for the first time, these substances are most likely to bring about a kind of magical transformation of surroundings, with a heightened ability to perceive subtle differences along the color spectru More than half of Australia's beef cattle can be found in the coastal areas of Queensland and New South Wales; and the 20 to 30 inch (500-750mm) rainfall belt of Queensland, New South Wales and Northern Victoria, generally provide adequate climatic environments for the growth of psilocybian mushrooms, especially after heavy rains. It has been suggested that "Psilocybe cubensis was introduced into Australia accidentally by early settlers along with their livestock." This same spore dispersal mechanism also probably applies to Copelandia cyanescens, Panaeolus subbalteatus and several additional species known to occur in or around the dung of other ruminants. This includes Psilocybe semilanceata and the non-hallucinogenic "haymaker's" mushroom Panaeolina foenisecii. While cattle are raised in all Australian states, as well as in the central lowlands, recreational users have been known to export these psychoptic species to various areas in Australia from areas where they were collected. In the case of New Zealand, hereafter referred to as NZ, cattle are the primary source for Copelandia cyanescens, but the "liberty cap" mushroom Psilocybe semilanceata only grows in the manured soil of four-legged ruminants and not directly from manure (Jansen, Pers. Comm., 1988). The identification section of this guide documents reported locations for more than 1 dozen species of psilocybian mushrooms in Australia and NZ which most likely have been used at one time or another for recreational purposes. Mind-altering (psilocybine containing) mushrooms have been <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/mario+mushroom+red.php" title="Mario Mushroom Red" alt="Mario Mushroom Red" >Mario Mushroom Red</a> traditionally used <H2>Rooms</H2> in religious healing &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#99&#101&#114&#101&#109&#111&#110&#105&#101&#115 &#98&#121 &#110&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101 JOCHEN GARTZ MAGIC MUSHROOMS Around the World A Scientific Journey Across Cultures and Time The Case for Challenging Research and Value Systems * LIS PUBLICATIONS * LOS ANGELES, CA* Figure 1 - Water Color Painting of Psilocybe semilanceata (Germany, 1927) TABLE OF CONTENT (With Active Links' Just Click On A Subject To Go To The Page) "Who Was the First Magician?" - Foreword by Christian Ratsch 7 1. Introduction 9 2. Reflections on the History and Scientific Study of Magic Mushrooms 10 3. The Current State of Knowledge About European Species 14 3.1 Psilocybe semilanceata: The Classic Species Among European Psychotropic Mushrooms 16 3.2 Psilocybe cyanescens: Potent Mushrooms Growing on Wood Debris 29 3.3 Panaeolus subbalteatus: Mycology and Myths about the Panaeolus Species 37 3.4 Inocybe aeruginascens: Fast-Spreading New Arrivals 44 3.5 Gymnopilus purpuratus: Magnificent Mushrooms from South America 51 3.6 Conocybe cyanopus: Tiny Mushrooms of Remarkable Potency 55 3.7 Pluteus salicinus: A Little-known Wood-Inhabiting Species 58 4. Mushroom Identification: Taxonomic Confusion and the Potential for Deadly Mistakes 61 5. The Bluing Phenomenon and Metol Testing: Reality vs. Wishful Thinking 63 6. Mushroom Cultivation: Classic Findings and New Techniques 66 7. Psychotropic Mushroom Species Around the World 77 7.1 Spotlight on North America and Hawaii 79 7.2 Mycophilia in Central and South America 82 7.3 Australia's Mycoflora Attracts Attention 84 7.4 European Customs and Conventions 87 7.5 Japanese Experimentation 93 7.6 Intoxications and the Oldest Known Mushroom Cult in Africa 95 7.7 Usage in Southeast Asia and the South Pacific Islands 98 8. Some Comments on Effects of Mushrooms from the Category Phantastika 102 9. Psychotherapy 108 10. Outlook 114 11. Bibliography 120 Index 129 Figure 2 - Psilocybe cubensis from Australia Figure 3 - Water color painting of Panaeolus subbalteatus (Germany, 1927). Figure 4 - Fresh Panaeolus subbalteatus mushrooms. FOREWORD Nobody knows precisely when the first magic mushroom emerged from the shadows of prehistory to enter the light of consciousness. Nobody knows when the first magic mushroom was eaten by a human being. Nobody knows just who the first magic mushroom eater was. In seeking answers to these questions, we can only speculate. Mycophobes, however, are quick to voice their conviction that only a fool would be reckless enough to want to attain a higher state of consciousness beyond the boundaries of everyday reality. And only a fool would attempt to do this by ingesting those odd little things that mysteriously thrive on decaying, humid soil, rotten wood and malodorous mounds of cow manure. Historically, magic, mushrooms have been feared and hated` since antiquity: magic mushrooms were thought to be made from poisons that had dripped from serpents' fangs; they were considered to be unclean emissions of evil spirits; moreover, mushrooms were a kn &#77&#111&#115&#116 &#114&#101&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#117&#115&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 <b>liberty cap mushrooms uk</b> cubensis (when grown in vitro) <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/psychotropic+mushroom.php" title="Psychotropic Mushroom" alt="Psychotropic Mushroom" >Psychotropic Mushroom</a> require &#97 &#100&#111&#115&#97&#103&#101 &#111&#102 <p align="right"> Those who ingest Copelandia cyanescens, <u>gymnopilus gymnopilus</u> known <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/drying+magic+mushroom/magic+mushroom+canada.php" title="CANADA MUSHROOM MUSHROOM DRYING MAGIC MAGIC" alt="CANADA MUSHROOM MUSHROOM DRYING MAGIC MAGIC" >CANADA MUSHROOM MUSHROOM DRYING MAGIC MAGIC</a> &#105&#110 </p> <p align="right"> &#84&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#114&#101 &#109&#111&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#110 1 dozen species <u>panaeolus subbalteatus habitat</u> of "magic <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/mazatec+mushroom.php" title="Mazatec Mushroom" alt="Mazatec Mushroom" >Mazatec Mushroom</a> mushrooms" &#105&#110 <u>mushroom cow dung</u> &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/mazatec+mushroom.php" title="Mazatec Mushroom" alt="Mazatec Mushroom" >Mazatec Mushroom</a> &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#101&#119 </p> Most recreational users of Psilocybe cubensis (when grown in vitro) require a dosage of There are more than 1 dozen &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#34&#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#34 &#105&#110 Australia &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#101&#119 &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100&#46 &#70&#111&#117&#114 &#111&#102 these species are dung &#40&#109&#97&#110&#117&#114&#101&#41 &#105&#110&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#121 include Psilocybe cubensis and/or Psilocybe &#115&#117&#98&#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#40&#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#97&#115 "gold caps" <b>ways ways the ways to</b> &#97&#110&#100&#47&#111&#114 <H2>ways ways the ways to</H2> &#34&#103&#111&#108&#100 &#116&#111&#112&#115&#34&#41&#44 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 subaeruginosa, and Copelandia cyanescens (the latter is known &#108&#111&#99&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#97&#115 &#34&#98&#108&#117&#101 &#109&#101&#97&#110&#105&#101&#115&#34&#41&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#115&#101 four &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#105&#110&#100 altering alkaloids psilocybine and &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#105&#110&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101 most common &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#46 In New Zealand, the most commonly used species are Copelandia cyanescens and Psilocybe semilanceata, the &#108&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#105&#115 &#114&#101&#99&#111&#103&#110&#105&#122&#101&#100 throughout &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#111&#114&#108&#100 &#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101 "liberty cap").<br> &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#110&#108&#121 &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114&#115 in manured &#115&#111&#105&#108 &#97&#110&#100 &#100&#111&#101&#115 &#110&#111&#116 grow directly &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#117&#110&#103 &#111&#102 cattle, sheep &#111&#114 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#102&#111&#117&#114 &#108&#101&#103&#103&#101&#100 farm animals. Psilocybe cubensis the most popular of these species, is <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/summertime+myspace+contact+tables/" title="Summertime Myspace Contact Tables" alt="Summertime Myspace Contact Tables" >Summertime Myspace Contact Tables</a> well known &#116&#104&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#111&#117&#116 &#109&#117&#99&#104 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 world; however, this species is not known to occur in New Zealand. Other species &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#105&#115 <H3>Zoomies</H3> &#103&#117&#105&#100&#101 are known to &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114 &#105&#110 &#109&#97&#110&#117&#114&#101&#100 &#115&#111&#105&#108&#44 in pastures, meadows, grazing lands, some lawns and in the bark mulch and woodchips of deciduous &#119&#111&#111&#100&#115&#46 <p align="left"> Most &#114&#101&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#117&#115&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 cubensis (when grown in &#118&#105&#116&#114&#111&#41 &#114&#101&#113&#117&#105&#114&#101 &#97 &#100&#111&#115&#97&#103&#101 &#111&#102 1 to &#50 &#103&#109 &#111&#102 &#100&#114&#105&#101&#100 mushrooms to produce an altered state &#111&#102 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#59 &#97 &#99&#108&#105&#110&#105&#99&#97&#108 dosage for Psilocybe cubensis, on the other hand, had &#112&#114&#101&#118&#105&#111&#117&#115&#108&#121 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#97&#115 ranging from &#51 &#116&#111 &#53 &#103&#109 of dried material. This dosage would be comparable &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#97&#109&#111&#117&#110&#116 &#111&#102 fungal material consumed for religious purposes in a Mazatec Indian healing and curing ceremony. &#73&#110 &#49&#57&#56&#50&#44 &#111&#110&#101 &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104 team "found that the level of psilocybin and psilocin varies over a factor of 4 among various <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/Panaeolus+cyanescens+gold+tops/european+magic+mushrooms.php" title="Panaeolus Cyanescens Gold Tops European Magic Mushrooms" alt="Panaeolus Cyanescens Gold Tops European Magic Mushrooms" >Panaeolus Cyanescens Gold Tops European Magic Mushrooms</a> &#105&#110 &#118&#105&#116&#114&#111 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#111&#102 Psilocybe cubensis, while specimens from outdoors varied tenfold." A fresh dosage &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#105&#110 Australia would be approximately from &#49 &#116&#111 &#50 &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101 mushrooms &#119&#101&#105&#103&#104&#105&#110&#103 &#117&#112 &#116&#111 &#97&#115 much &#97&#115 &#111&#110&#101 &#102&#114&#101&#115&#104 &#111&#117&#110&#99&#101&#44 or as many as from 25 to &#53&#48 &#115&#109&#97&#108&#108 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#101&#113&#117&#97&#108&#105&#110&#103 the same &#119&#101&#105&#103&#104&#116 &#97&#109&#111&#117&#110&#116&#46 &#69&#116&#104&#110&#111&#112&#104&#97&#114&#109&#97&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116 &#74&#111&#110&#97&#116&#104&#97&#110 Ott (1976, 1993) noted that &#104&#101 &#104&#97&#115 &#111&#98&#115&#101&#114&#118&#101&#100 &#34&#116&#104&#101 ingestion of &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#48&#46&#53 &#103&#109 &#116&#111 &#53&#46&#57 gm &#100&#114&#105&#101&#100 &#119&#101&#105&#103&#104&#116 &#40&#49&#48 &#103&#109 to 40 gm fresh)", &#111&#102 &#118&#97&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#46 Dosage for Psilocybe subcubensis would be the same as for Psilocybe &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115&#46 &#66&#111&#116&#104 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#108&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114 two species are macroscopically &#97&#108&#105&#107&#101&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#117&#115&#117&#97&#108 &#100&#111&#115&#97&#103&#101 for Copelandia cyanescens required to induce psychedelic visual &#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115 &#114&#97&#110&#103&#101&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#49 to 3 large specimens (cap &#100&#105&#97&#109&#101&#116&#101&#114 &#99&#46 &#53 &#109&#109&#41&#44 or as &#109&#97&#110&#121 &#97&#115 &#53 &#116&#111 l0 medium-sized &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#40&#99&#97&#112 &#100&#105&#97&#109&#101&#116&#101&#114 &#99&#46 2.5 mm); &#104&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 &#112&#101&#114&#115&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#116&#111&#108&#101&#114&#97&#110&#99&#101 &#116&#111 this species may &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#117&#101&#100 &#117&#115&#101&#44 and some who consume &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101 &#97&#109&#111&#117&#110&#116&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#105&#115 mushroom have &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100&#108&#121 &#105&#110&#103&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100 &#97&#115 &#109&#97&#110&#121 as 50 to &#50&#48&#48 &#102&#114&#101&#115&#104 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#109&#101&#110&#115 &#111&#102 various sizes. </p> Most users of the psychoactive visionary mushrooms have very little knowledge of their scientific names. Instead, they have given their favorite species local epithets which are commonly used by those who collect and ingest them. Some of these popular names are also known and applied by users outside of Australia and NZ. "Magic Mushrooms" is the most common term applied to any mushroom which contains psilocybine and/or psilocine. It was invented by a Life Magazine editor in l957 ( see Wasson, l957). Psilocybe cubensis is known in Australia as "golden tops", "gold tops" or sometimes "gold caps." The Australian epithets may have been given to this species by members of a local, drugusing group of surfers which frequented the Gold Coast region of Eastern Australia; however, some of these names have apparently been used to describe several different species of Psilocybe by users in Australia (see Allen, 1997). As mentioned above, Psilocybe cubensis is not known to occur in New Zealand. Those who ingest Copelandia cyanescens, known in Australia and New Zealand as "blue meanies", also refer to this species as "Blue Legs", "golden tops" or "gold caps". The latter two nicknames, as well as "dimple tops" and "cone heads", are common terms applied to Copelandia cyanescens in the Hawaiian Islands; and some of these same popular names have also been used by visiting surfers from both New Zealand and Australia, to describe the macroscopic characteristics of Copelandia cyanescens. These same surfers visiting Hawaii's North Shore have reportedly ingested mushrooms prior to surfing, as do many of the locally based surfers in Australia and NZ. JOCHEN GARTZ MAGIC MUSHROOMS Around the World A Scientific Journey Across Cultures and Time The Case for Challenging Research and Value Systems * LIS PUBLICATIONS * LOS ANGELES, CA* Figure 1 - Water Color Painting of Psilocybe semilanceata (Germany, 1927) TABLE OF CONTENT (With Active Links' Just Click On A Subject To Go To The Page) "Who Was the First Magician?" - Foreword by Christian Ratsch 7 1. Introduction 9 2. Reflections on the History and Scientific Study of Magic Mushrooms 10 3. The Current State of Knowledge About European Species 14 3.1 Psilocybe semilanceata: The Classic Species Among European Psychotropic Mushrooms 16 3.2 Psilocybe cyanescens: Potent Mushrooms Growing on Wood Debris 29 3.3 Panaeolus subbalteatus: Mycology and Myths about the Panaeolus Species 37 3.4 Inocybe aeruginascens: Fast-Spreading New Arrivals 44 3.5 Gymnopilus purpuratus: Magnificent Mushrooms from South America 51 3.6 Conocybe cyanopus: Tiny Mushrooms of Remarkable Potency 55 3.7 Pluteus salicinus: A Little-known Wood-Inhabiting Species 58 4. Mushroom Identification: Taxonomic Confusion and the Potential for Deadly Mistakes 61 5. The Bluing Phenomenon and Metol Testing: Reality vs. Wishful Thinking 63 6. Mushroom Cultivation: Classic Findings and New Techniques 66 7. Psychotropic Mushroom Species Around the World 77 7.1 Spotlight on North America and Hawaii 79 7.2 Mycophilia in Central and South America 82 7.3 Australia's Mycoflora Attracts Attention 84 7.4 European Customs and Conventions 87 7.5 Japanese Experimentation 93 7.6 Intoxications and the Oldest Known Mushroom Cult in Africa 95 7.7 Usage in Southeast Asia and the South Pacific Islands 98 8. Some Comments on Effects of Mushrooms from the Category Phantastika 102 9. Psychotherapy 108 10. Outlook 114 11. Bibliography 120 Index 129 Figure 2 - Psilocybe cubensis from Australia Figure 3 - Water color painting of Panaeolus subbalteatus (Germany, 1927). Figure 4 - Fresh Panaeolus subbalteatus mushrooms. FOREWORD Nobody knows precisely when the first magic mushroom emerged from the shadows of prehistory to enter the light of consciousness. Nobody knows when the first magic mushroom was eaten by a human being. Nobody knows just who the first magic mushroom eater was. In seeking answers to these questions, we can only speculate. Mycophobes, however, are quick to voice their conviction that only a fool would be reckless enough to want to attain a higher state of consciousness beyond the boundaries of everyday reality. And only a fool would attempt to do this by ingesting those odd little things that mysteriously thrive on decaying, humid soil, rotten wood and malodorous mounds of cow manure. Historically, magic, mushrooms have been feared and hated` since antiquity: magic mushrooms were thought to be made from poisons that had dripped from serpents' fangs; they were considered to be unclean emissions of evil spirits; moreover, mushrooms were a kn JOCHEN GARTZ MAGIC MUSHROOMS Around the World A Scientific Journey Across Cultures and Time The Case for Challenging Research and Value Systems * LIS PUBLICATIONS * LOS ANGELES, CA* Figure 1 - Water Color Painting of Psilocybe semilanceata (Germany, 1927) TABLE OF CONTENT (With Active Links' Just Click On A Subject To Go To The Page) "Who Was the First Magician?" - Foreword by Christian Ratsch 7 1. Introduction 9 2. Reflections on the History and Scientific Study of Magic Mushrooms 10 3. The Current State of Knowledge About European Species 14 3.1 Psilocybe semilanceata: The Classic Species Among European Psychotropic Mushrooms 16 3.2 Psilocybe cyanescens: Potent Mushrooms Growing on Wood Debris 29 3.3 Panaeolus subbalteatus: Mycology and Myths about the Panaeolus Species 37 3.4 Inocybe aeruginascens: Fast-Spreading New Arrivals 44 3.5 Gymnopilus purpuratus: Magnificent Mushrooms from South America 51 3.6 Conocybe cyanopus: Tiny Mushrooms of Remarkable Potency 55 3.7 Pluteus salicinus: A Little-known Wood-Inhabiting Species 58 4. Mushroom Identification: Taxonomic Confusion and the Potential for Deadly Mistakes 61 5. The Bluing Phenomenon and Metol Testing: Reality vs. Wishful Thinking 63 6. Mushroom Cultivation: Classic Findings and New Techniques 66 7. Psychotropic Mushroom Species Around the World 77 7.1 Spotlight on North America and Hawaii 79 7.2 Mycophilia in Central and South America 82 7.3 Australia's Mycoflora Attracts Attention 84 7.4 European Customs and Conventions 87 7.5 Japanese Experimentation 93 7.6 Intoxications and the Oldest Known Mushroom Cult in Africa 95 7.7 Usage in Southeast Asia and the South Pacific Islands 98 8. Some Comments on Effects of Mushrooms from the Category Phantastika 102 9. Psychotherapy 108 10. Outlook 114 11. Bibliography 120 Index 129 Figure 2 - Psilocybe cubensis from Australia Figure 3 - Water color painting of Panaeolus subbalteatus (Germany, 1927). Figure 4 - Fresh Panaeolus subbalteatus mushrooms. FOREWORD Nobody knows precisely when the first magic mushroom emerged from the shadows of prehistory to enter the light of consciousness. Nobody knows when the first magic mushroom was eaten by a human being. Nobody knows just who the first magic mushroom eater was. In seeking answers to these questions, we can only speculate. Mycophobes, however, are quick to voice their conviction that only a fool would be reckless enough to want to attain a higher state of consciousness beyond the boundaries of everyday reality. And only a fool would attempt to do this by ingesting those odd little things that mysteriously thrive on decaying, humid soil, rotten wood and malodorous mounds of cow manure. Historically, magic, mushrooms have been feared and hated` since antiquity: magic mushrooms were thought to be made from poisons that had dripped from serpents' fangs; they were considered to be unclean emissions of evil spirits; moreover, mushrooms were a kn </p> <h1 id="cross-browser">uses of mushrooms @ 3/11/2010 3:43:21 AM</h1> <p></p> <h1 id="stylesheets">Rhizomorphs P. Cubesis</h1> <p>. For that reason, freeze-dried samples for biochemical analysis are stored at -10°C prior to alkaloid extractions or chromatography testing. In addition to the reports from Finland, investigators in North America have noted that psilocybin's decay rate is slowest in Psilocybe semilanceata, compared to other species. (1) R = H2P03 (2) R = H Figure 19 - Structural formulas for psilocybin (1) and psilocin (2). CH3 CH3 Psilocybe semilanceata Figure 20 - Distribution pattern of Psilocybe semilanceata in Germany and adjacent areas. Locations are indicated by black dots. CHAPTER 3.2 PSILOCYBE CYANESCENS - POTENT MUSHROOMS GROWING ON WOOD DEBRIS At least one other Psilocybe species in addition to Psilocybe semilanceata is known to exist in Europe. At this point, I must emphasize that the differentiation of single species within the Psilocybe genus is subject to considerable controversy among eminent taxonomists. For example, there are different methods of distinguishing the Hypholoma genus from the Stropharia genus. The Widespread Distribution of Psilocybe cyanescens While Psilocybe semilanceata is a species that has long been clearly defined and is well known by this name, there are, according to Krieglsteiner, other strongly bluing mushrooms that can be described as belonging to the "Psilocybe cyanescens complex". These are all mushrooms that grow on raw compost and plant debris. In accordance with current states of knowledge, the following names in the literature are merely synonyms for Psilocybe cyanescens Wakefield emend. Krieglsteiner: different herbariums. However, the microscopic data pertaining to the Psilocybe species are poorly delineated and oftentimes overlap. It is therefore imperative that additional mycological studies of Psilocybe cyanescens be performed. To this end, fresh mushroom samples from various European locations should be used, and biochemical methods must be included in the investigation. Guzman's division of Psilocybe cyanescens by geographic area, however, definitely turned out to be inaccurate. According to his system, -North Africa was home to Psilocybe mairei, while Psilocybe cyanescens were found in England and Holland and Psilocybe serbica supposedly grew in Serbia and Bohemia. The geographic distribution of the entire species seems to cover a vast area, with variations along climate and terrain at locations where samples were collected. Such disparate morphologies are to be expected when dealing with "young" species, that is, species that have not yet firmly established themselves and are still expanding into new locations. Figure 7 (p. 14) displays locations in Europe and North Africa where samples of Psilocybe cyanescens have been found. - Hypholoma cyanescens R. Maire - Hypholoma coprinifacies (Rolland ss. Herink) Pouzar - Geophila cyanescens (R. Maire) Kuhner & Romagnesi - Psilocybe serbica Moser & Horak - Psilocybe mairei Singer - Psilocyb <div align="right"> <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/psychedelicmushroomsgrowingkitsreview.php" title="Psychedelicmushroomsgrowingkitsreview" alt="Psychedelicmushroomsgrowingkitsreview" >Psychedelicmushroomsgrowingkitsreview</a> &#73&#116 &#104&#97&#115 &#98&#101&#101&#110 <i>Where To Find Shrooms Texas</i> &#115&#117&#103&#103&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100 by an <H1>Where To Find Shrooms Texas</H1> Australian physician <H1>Where To Find Shrooms Texas</H1> &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/edible+mushroom/mushroom+sauce.php" title="Edible Mushroom Mushroom Sauce" alt="Edible Mushroom Mushroom Sauce" >Edible Mushroom Mushroom Sauce</a> &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#112&#117&#98&#108&#105&#99 in Australia, as &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#97&#115 &#109&#101&#109&#98&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#102 its &#100&#114&#117&#103 &#117&#115&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#117&#98&#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#44 </div> <p align="center"> &#98&#121 &#65&#46 &#72&#111&#102&#109&#97&#110&#110&#44 Sandoz Pharmaceuticals manufactured &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#50 &#107&#103 &#40&#99&#97&#46 4.<br>4lbs) of pure psilocybin for scientific research purposes. The results of &#112&#104&#97&#114&#109&#97&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#116&#101&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#115&#111&#111&#110 &#114&#101&#118&#101&#97&#108&#101&#100 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 as an alkaloid that &#119&#97&#115&#13&#10&#112&#101&#114&#102&#101&#99&#116&#108&#121 &#115&#97&#102&#101 &#102&#111&#114 &#104&#117&#109&#97&#110 subjects under controlled experimental conditions.<br> Despite this evidence, the anti-drug legislative framework of the mid1960s firmly established an &#34&#111&#102&#102&#105&#99&#105&#97&#108 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#111&#98&#105&#97&#34&#44 &#97&#13&#10&#109&#105&#115&#103&#117&#105&#100&#101&#100&#44 &#121&#101&#116 entrenched policy that still prevails today <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/northerncaliforniapsilocybemushrooms.php" title="Northerncaliforniapsilocybemushrooms" alt="Northerncaliforniapsilocybemushrooms" >Northerncaliforniapsilocybemushrooms</a> and effectively prevents &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99&#13&#10&#105&#110&#118&#101&#115&#116&#105&#103&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#112&#114&#111&#109&#105&#115&#105&#110&#103 potential applications for &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#97&#108&#107&#97&#108&#111&#105&#100&#115&#46 At the same time, mycological and &#98&#105&#111&#99&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97&#108&#13&#10&#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104 &#115&#116&#117&#100&#105&#101&#115 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#115&#104&#111&#119&#110 that &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#99&#111&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#116&#104&#114&#105&#118&#101 &#97&#108&#108 &#111&#118&#101&#114 the world and can be found on &#97&#108&#108 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#115&#101&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#101 no different from any other mycoflora and must not &#98&#101 &#101&#120&#99&#108&#117&#100&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109&#13&#10&#115&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99 &#105&#110&#118&#101&#115&#116&#105&#103&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 because &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#97&#108&#107&#97&#108&#111&#105&#100&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#116&#101&#110&#116&#46&#13&#10&#73&#110 &#97&#100&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110 to overall variations in value systems across cultures, &#105&#110&#100&#105&#118&#105&#100&#117&#97&#108&#115 &#116&#101&#110&#100 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#100&#101&#118&#101&#108&#111&#112 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 own personal &#97&#116&#116&#105&#116&#117&#100&#101&#115 &#116&#111&#119&#97&#114&#100&#115&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#105&#110 &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#108&#46 &#79&#102&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#109&#101&#115&#44 the evolution of specific opinions about &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#99&#97&#110 &#98&#101&#13&#10&#116&#114&#97&#99&#101&#100 &#98&#97&#99&#107 to &#99&#104&#105&#108&#100&#104&#111&#111&#100 &#101&#118&#101&#110&#116&#115&#44 &#101&#118&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#111&#117&#103&#104 &#115&#117&#99&#104&#13&#10&#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 experiences seldom account &#102&#111&#114 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#118&#101&#108&#111&#112&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#111&#102 &#112&#114&#101&#118&#97&#105&#108&#105&#110&#103 biases and value systems later in &#108&#105&#102&#101&#46&#13&#10&#73 &#114&#101&#99&#97&#108&#108 &#97&#110 &#105&#110&#99&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116 &#102&#114&#111&#109 my own childhood, which &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114&#114&#101&#100 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#73 &#119&#97&#115 about five years old. I was <u>magic mushroom picking time</u> &#112&#108&#97&#121&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#110 &#97 &#103&#114&#97&#115&#115&#121 meadow, &#119&#104&#101&#110&#13&#10&#97 &#103&#105&#114&#108 <b>magic mushroom picking time</b> &#112&#111&#105&#110&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#97 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 and earnestly explained that &#105&#116 &#119&#97&#115 &#105&#110&#101&#100&#105&#98&#108&#101 &#97&#110&#100 poisonous. While I &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#110&#101&#118&#101&#114 &#102&#111&#114&#103&#111&#116&#116&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#101&#110&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44 &#73 did grow up to become &#97 &#100&#101&#118&#111&#116&#101&#100 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#13&#10&#101&#110&#116&#104&#117&#115&#105&#97&#115&#116&#46 &#79&#110 the other &#104&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#97 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116&#13&#10&#99&#104&#105&#108&#100&#104&#111&#111&#100 &#101&#118&#101&#110&#116 has left me with the vivid memory of discovering &#97 &#108&#97&#110&#100&#102&#105&#108&#108 &#118&#105&#114&#116&#117&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#119&#105&#116&#104&#13&#10&#118&#97&#115&#116 numbers of gilled bluing &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#115&#101&#110&#115&#101 &#111&#102 awe I &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#100 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#101&#109&#112&#108&#97&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#105&#115&#13&#10&#115&#105&#103&#104&#116&#46 &#73&#110 general, the &#117&#110&#117&#115&#117&#97&#108 &#99&#104&#97&#114&#97&#99&#116&#101&#114&#105&#115&#116&#105&#99&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 are most likely responsible &#102&#111&#114&#13&#10&#115&#116&#114&#111&#110&#103 &#105&#109&#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#101&#100 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 in &#108&#105&#102&#101&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#116&#104&#101&#110&#13&#10&#109&#97&#121 &#100&#101&#118&#101&#108&#111&#112 &#105&#110&#116&#111 various attitudes &#111&#114 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#102&#115 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114&#13&#10&#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#65&#110 &#101&#110&#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 personal interest in psychotropic mushroom species can serve &#116&#111&#13&#10&#97&#109&#112&#108&#105&#102&#121 &#111&#114 &#100&#105&#109&#105&#110&#105&#115&#104 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#111&#98&#105&#99 as well as mycophilic dispositions, depending on the influence of &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#102&#97&#99&#116&#111&#114&#115&#46 &#65&#102&#116&#101&#114 &#97&#108&#108&#44 judgments about the benefit &#111&#114 &#102&#111&#108&#108&#121 &#111&#102 &#100&#101&#108&#105&#98&#101&#114&#97&#116&#101&#108&#121 altering one's state of consciousness are also colored by individual &#112&#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115&#44 &#98&#105&#97&#115&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#111&#112&#105&#110&#105&#111&#110&#115&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 following chapters are meant to illustrate this diversity &#111&#102 &#97&#116&#116&#105&#116&#117&#100&#101&#115 &#116&#111&#119&#97&#114&#100&#115&#13&#10&#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#46 Descriptions of planned and involuntary experiments &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#102&#105&#99&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#102&#102&#101&#114 convincing evidence that the effects &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#101 open to many possible &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#112&#114&#101&#116&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#46&#13&#10&#67&#72&#65&#80&#84&#69&#82 &#51&#13&#10&#84&#72&#69 &#67&#85&#82&#82&#69&#78&#84 &#83&#84&#65&#84&#69 OF KNOWLEDGE ABOUT EUROPEAN SPECIES Figure 7 - Distribution pattern of Psilocybe cyanescens across Europe &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#111&#114&#116&#104 &#65&#102&#114&#105&#99&#97&#13&#10&#40&#97&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 Krieglsteiner).<br> Black dots indicate approximate locatio </p> <p align="left"> It has &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#115&#117&#103&#103&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#97&#110 Australian physician that the general public in Australia, &#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#97&#115 &#109&#101&#109&#98&#101&#114&#115 of <i>how to pick magic mushrooms</i> its drug using &#115&#117&#98&#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#44 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#98&#101&#99&#97&#109&#101 &#97&#119&#97&#114&#101 of the visionary properties of &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#98&#121 a &#118&#105&#115&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#117&#114&#102&#101&#114&#40&#115&#41&#44 &#119&#104&#111 &#99&#97&#109&#101 from either &#78&#101&#119 &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100 <i>how to pick magic mushrooms</i> &#111&#114 &#116&#104&#101 United States (Hawaii) and most &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121 &#112&#114&#111&#118&#105&#100&#101&#100 &#101&#116&#104&#110&#111&#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#105&#110&#102&#111&#114&#109&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 to local surfers (McCarthy, 1971). This &#112&#104&#121&#115&#105&#99&#105&#97&#110 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 use of psychoactive mushrooms, as well &#97&#115 &#50&#49 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#100&#114&#117&#103&#115 "was well demonstrated <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/psilocybe+sierrae/psilocybe+weilii.php" title="Psilocybe Sierrae Psilocybe Weilii" alt="Psilocybe Sierrae Psilocybe Weilii" >Psilocybe Sierrae Psilocybe Weilii</a> during a survey on drug abuse that was &#99&#111&#110&#100&#117&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104&#101&#114&#110 &#81&#117&#101&#101&#110&#115&#108&#97&#110&#100 during l969." This survey relied on &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#118&#105&#101&#119&#115 &#111&#102 &#53&#49 &#112&#101&#111&#112&#108&#101 belonging to "the `surfer' subculture local beach resorts".<br> In this report, &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#111&#99&#116&#111&#114 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 "although the survey involved surfers &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#102&#101&#109&#97&#108&#101 &#102&#114&#105&#101&#110&#100&#115&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 is no suggestion that the use of &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#100&#114&#117&#103&#115 &#105&#115 &#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#110&#101&#100 to this group, which constitutes but &#97 &#112&#114&#111&#112&#111&#114&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#111&#117&#114 &#40&#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110&#41 young <i>how to pick magic mushrooms</i> drug &#116&#97&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#117&#110&#105&#116&#121&#46&#34 &#73&#116 &#105&#115 thus likely that &#119&#111&#114&#100&#45&#111&#102&#45&#109&#111&#117&#116&#104 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#117&#110&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#109&#97&#100&#101 &#97 &#115&#105&#103&#110&#105&#102&#105&#99&#97&#110&#116 contribution &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#105&#110&#99&#114&#101&#97&#115&#105&#110&#103 &#117&#115&#101 of "magic mushrooms" &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#90&#46 </p> Existing evidence indicates that man in the Old World —Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia—has made less use of native plants and shrubs for their hallucinogenic properties than has man in the New World. There is little reason to believe that the vegetation of one half of the globe is poorer or richer in species with hallucinogenic properties than the other half. Why, then, should there be such disparity? Has man in the Old World simply not discovered many of the native hallucinogenic plants? Are some of them too toxic in other ways to be utilized? Or has man in the Old World been culturally less interested in narcotics? We have no real answer. But we do know that the Old World has fewer known species employed hallucinogenically than does the New World: compared with only 15 or 20 species used in the Eastern Hemisphere, the species used hallucinogenically in the Western Hemisphere number more than 100! Yet some of the Old World hallucinogens today hold places of primacy throughout the world. Cannabis, undoubtedly the most widespread of all the hallucinogens, is perhaps the best example. The several solanaceous ingredients of medieval witches' brews—henbane, nightshade, belladonna, and mandrake—greatly influenced European philosophy, medicine, and even history for many years. Some played an extraordinarily vital religious role in the early Aryan cultures of northern India. The role of hallucinogens in the cultural and social development of many areas of the Old World is only now being investigated. At every turn, its exte ecialize in the study of Psilocybes, despite the fact that Psilocybe semilanceata is the most common and conspicuous species among the Psilocybes. Also, mushroom lovers whose interests are not purely scientific (see Chapter 7.4) do not usually preserve their knowledge for posterity in the form of distribution maps. However, there is one map from 1986, which shows the distribution pattern of Psilocybe semilanceata across Germany (see Figure 20, p. 28). Almost no published information is available about locations where Psilocybe species have been found in eastern Germany. During my own field trips, I have discovered Psilocybe semilanceata specimens in various locations, such as near my hometown of Mansfeld in the Vorharz Mountains, in the marshlands of Duben as well as in other eastern German marshland areas. In addition, friends who are also mycologists have told me about finding the mushrooms in other parts of the country. A book published in 1952 is among the rare sources that includes details about specimens discovered in the southeastern state of Saxony (see Figure 16, p. 23). The Psilocybe species grow most abundantly on wet pastures surrounded by forest areas. In my experience, Psilocybe semilanceata grows in most of Germany's forestlands. The species fruits during the fall, from late September through October. It favors acidic soil and grassy terrain alongside trails or around the edges of forest lands. Specimens are generally clustered in small groups of 30 mushrooms or less. Deer droppings or other animal feces are usually present at those locations, even though the mushrooms never grow directly on top of dung. Occasionally, extremely stunted specimens may be found in the mountains by the side of the road. The soil below older cow pastures provides an excellent medium for extensive mycelial growth. In some locations, large areas yield an abundance of fruiting bodies, mirroring the extent of mycelial saturation in the soil. Given adequate moisture, maximum yields can be expected, if the pasture was grazed at least once during the weeks before fruiting season. However, the mushrooms also thrive under similar conditions on horse and sheep pastures. Such grassy areas inside forests are usually grazing areas for deer, who provide the soil with additional fertilization. However, Psilocybe semilanceata does not grow in locations where artificial fertilizer has been used. Such pastures are often flanked by creeks or swamp lands, which saturate the soil with water. During the summertime, the warm climate in these wet areas provides an excellent environment for optimal mycelial growth. In Germany, the mushroom's habitat ranges from the coastal areas to mountainous regions, where the species has been found at altitudes of up to 1,720 m (5,160 ft) above sea level (MTB-8443, 1985). In the former Czechoslovakia, samples have been collected at altitudes ranging from 330 to 1,000 m (1,000 - Dosages for Psilocybe australiana Guzmán & Watling, Psilocybe eucalypta Guzmán & </p> <p>ed and large numbers of studies were conducted, primarily with LSD. These investigators sought to discover the receptor binding sites for hallucinogenic compounds in the brain and to understand the mechanisms underlying the genesis of psychedelic visions. Today, we still lack a sound theoretical framework able to explain the relationship between chemical compounds and the manifestation of their psychoactivity. Even though basic research is certainly important, its methods, unfortunately, are often a function of a rather one-sided pharmacological approach to investigating the effects of psilocybin, LSD and mescaline - an approach that is, in fact, too narrow to address the remarkably unusual nature of these substances and their effects. Misunderstandings between pharmacologists and toxicologists on the one hand and psychiatrists and psychologists on the other can often be traced all the way back to the 1950's, creating a legacy of disputes and arguments that have yet to be resolved. S. Grof undertook the tedious task of analyzing 5,000 experimental LSD protocols in an effort to isolate "absolute" symptoms that are reported or occur all of the time. His results were negative. According to Grof, hallucinogenic substances are non-specific triggers causing a sequence of altered states of consciousness, which do not fit the syndrome labeled "toxic psychosis". Rather, it is the individual's personality, along with the experimental setting that significantly shape the nature of the psychedelic experience. This view is shared by a majority of experts with considerable experience in conducting psychedelics-assisted psychotherapy. Even "real" somatic symptoms, such as nausea or vomiting, can often be controlled through psychological intervention techniques administered by trained professionals. A Plethora of Names The broad range of possible experiences inspired the use of labels other than "hallucinogens", with widely differing semantic connotations: entheogens, psychedelics, illusionogens, psycholytics, psychomimetics, psychodysleptica, psychoemetics and others. "Phantastica" (Lewin) is the oldest label ever used to describe this class of substances. This term successfully evokes dream-like, fanciful aspects of the experience, as well as the potential for euphoric and dysphoric emotional overtones. More recent terminology often says more about semantic biases of those who use the labels than about any factual, objective characteristics of the alkaloids they refer to. Accordingly, official antidrug propaganda since the 1960's has disparaged "psychedelics" as excessively glamorous and too positive a label, as the term was popular among Timothy Leary's fans and supporters. When used in low doses or for the first time, these substances are most likely to bring about a kind of magical transformation of surroundings, with a heightened ability to perceive subtle differences along the color spectru <div align="justify"> &#77&#111&#115&#116 &#117&#115&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#102 the psychoactive visionary mushrooms &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#108&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#108&#101&#100&#103&#101 of their scientific names.<br> Instead, &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#103&#105&#118&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 favorite species local epithets which are commonly &#117&#115&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#119&#104&#111 &#99&#111&#108&#108&#101&#99&#116 and ingest them. Some of these popular names are &#97&#108&#115&#111 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#112&#112&#108&#105&#101&#100 &#98&#121 users outside of Australia and &#78&#90&#46 &#34&#77&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#34 &#105&#115 the <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/psilocybe+cubensis+growing+in+horse+dung+in+iowa.php" title="Psilocybe Cubensis Growing In Horse Dung In Iowa" alt="Psilocybe Cubensis Growing In Horse Dung In Iowa" >Psilocybe Cubensis Growing In Horse Dung In Iowa</a> &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110 &#116&#101&#114&#109 &#97&#112&#112&#108&#105&#101&#100 to any mushroom &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#101 &#97&#110&#100&#47&#111&#114 psilocine. It was invented by a Life Magazine editor in l957 ( see Wasson, &#108&#57&#53&#55&#41&#46 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#105&#115 known in &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#115 &#34&#103&#111&#108&#100&#101&#110 &#116&#111&#112&#115&#34&#44 "gold tops" or sometimes &#34&#103&#111&#108&#100 &#99&#97&#112&#115&#46&#34 &#84&#104&#101 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110 epithets may &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#103&#105&#118&#101&#110 &#116&#111 this species by &#109&#101&#109&#98&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#102 &#97 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#108&#44 &#100&#114&#117&#103&#117&#115&#105&#110&#103 group &#111&#102 &#115&#117&#114&#102&#101&#114&#115 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#102&#114&#101&#113&#117&#101&#110&#116&#101&#100 the Gold Coast region of Eastern &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#59 &#104&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#111&#102 these names have &#97&#112&#112&#97&#114&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#117&#115&#101&#100 &#116&#111 describe several different species of Psilocybe by &#117&#115&#101&#114&#115 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#40&#115&#101&#101 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/psilocybe+subcubensis.php" title="Psilocybe Subcubensis" alt="Psilocybe Subcubensis" >Psilocybe Subcubensis</a> &#65&#108&#108&#101&#110&#44 1997). As &#109&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110&#101&#100 &#97&#98&#111&#118&#101&#44 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 is not &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111 &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114 &#105&#110 New Zealand. &#84&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#119&#104&#111 &#105&#110&#103&#101&#115&#116 &#67&#111&#112&#101&#108&#97&#110&#100&#105&#97 cyanescens, &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#101&#119 Zealand as "blue &#109&#101&#97&#110&#105&#101&#115&#34&#44 &#97&#108&#115&#111 &#114&#101&#102&#101&#114 &#116&#111 this &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#97&#115 &#34&#66&#108&#117&#101 &#76&#101&#103&#115&#34&#44 "golden tops" or magic mushroom pics "gold caps". The latter two nicknames, as &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#97&#115 &#34&#100&#105&#109&#112&#108&#101 &#116&#111&#112&#115&#34 and "cone heads", &#97&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110 &#116&#101&#114&#109&#115 &#97&#112&#112&#108&#105&#101&#100 to Copelandia cyanescens &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#72&#97&#119&#97&#105&#105&#97&#110 &#73&#115&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115&#59 &#97&#110&#100 some of these same popular names have also &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#117&#115&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 surfers &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#98&#111&#116&#104 &#78&#101&#119 &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100 and Australia, &#116&#111 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#99&#114&#111&#115&#99&#111&#112&#105&#99 characteristics of &#67&#111&#112&#101&#108&#97&#110&#100&#105&#97 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#115&#97&#109&#101 surfers visiting Hawaii's North Shore have reportedly ingested mushrooms &#112&#114&#105&#111&#114 &#116&#111 &#115&#117&#114&#102&#105&#110&#103&#44 &#97&#115 do many of the locally based surfers in Australia and NZ. </div> Most recreational users of Psilocybe cubensis (when grown in vitro) require a dosage of <p align="center"> JOCHEN &#71&#65&#82&#84&#90&#13&#10&#77&#65&#71&#73&#67 &#77&#85&#83&#72&#82&#79&#79&#77&#83&#13&#10&#65&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100&#13&#10&#65 Scientific Journey Across Cultures and Time The Case for Challenging Research and Value &#83&#121&#115&#116&#101&#109&#115&#13&#10&#42 &#76&#73&#83 &#80&#85&#66&#76&#73&#67&#65&#84&#73&#79&#78&#83 &#42 LOS ANGELES, &#67&#65&#42&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#49 &#45 &#87&#97&#116&#101&#114 Color Painting of Psilocybe semilanceata (Germany, 1927) TABLE &#79&#70 &#67&#79&#78&#84&#69&#78&#84 &#40&#87&#105&#116&#104 &#65&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#76&#105&#110&#107&#115&#39 Just Click On A &#83&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116 &#84&#111 &#71&#111 &#84&#111 The Page) "Who &#87&#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#70&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#77&#97&#103&#105&#99&#105&#97&#110&#63&#34 - Foreword by Christian Ratsch 7 1. Introduction 9 2. &#82&#101&#102&#108&#101&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#72&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#121 &#97&#110&#100 &#83&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99 Study of Magic &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#49&#48&#13&#10&#51&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#67&#117&#114&#114&#101&#110&#116 State of &#75&#110&#111&#119&#108&#101&#100&#103&#101 &#65&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 &#83&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#49&#52&#13&#10&#51&#46&#49 Psilocybe semilanceata: The Classic Species Among European Psychotropic Mushrooms 16 3.2 Psilocybe cyanescens: Potent Mushrooms Growing on Wood Debris 29 3.3 Panaeolus subbalteatus: Mycology and Myths about &#116&#104&#101 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 &#83&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#51&#55&#13&#10&#51&#46&#52 Inocybe aeruginascens: Fast-Spreading New Arrivals 44 3.5 Gymnopilus purpuratus: Magnificent Mushrooms from South &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97 &#53&#49&#13&#10&#51&#46&#54 &#67&#111&#110&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#111&#112&#117&#115&#58 &#84&#105&#110&#121 Mushrooms of Remarkable Potency 55 3.7 Pluteus salicinus: A Little-known Wood-Inhabiting &#83&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#53&#56&#13&#10&#52&#46 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#73&#100&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#58 Taxonomic Confusion and the Potential for &#68&#101&#97&#100&#108&#121 &#77&#105&#115&#116&#97&#107&#101&#115 &#54&#49&#13&#10&#53&#46 &#84&#104&#101 Bluing &#80&#104&#101&#110&#111&#109&#101&#110&#111&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#77&#101&#116&#111&#108 &#84&#101&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103&#58 Reality vs. Wishful Thinking 63 6. Mushroom Cultivation: Classic Findings and New Techniques 66 7. Psychotropic Mushroom Species Around the World 77 7.1 &#83&#112&#111&#116&#108&#105&#103&#104&#116 &#111&#110 &#78&#111&#114&#116&#104 &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97 and Hawaii &#55&#57&#13&#10&#55&#46&#50 &#77&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#105&#97 &#105&#110 &#67&#101&#110&#116&#114&#97&#108 and South America 82 7.3 Australia's Mycoflora &#65&#116&#116&#114&#97&#99&#116&#115 &#65&#116&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#56&#52&#13&#10&#55&#46&#52 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 &#67&#117&#115&#116&#111&#109&#115 and Conventions 87 7.5 Japanese Experimentation 93 7.6 Intoxications and the Oldest Known Mushroom Cult in Africa 95 7.7 Usage in Southeast Asia and the South Pacific Islands 98 8.<br> &#83&#111&#109&#101 &#67&#111&#109&#109&#101&#110&#116&#115 &#111&#110 &#69&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115 of &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#67&#97&#116&#101&#103&#111&#114&#121 Phantastika 102 9.<br> Psychotherapy 108 10.<br> Outlook 114 11. Bibliography 120 Index &#49&#50&#57&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#50 &#45 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 cubensis from Australia Figure 3 - Water color painting of Panaeolus subbalteatus (Germany, 1927). Figure <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/euphoric+mushrooms/marijuana+myspace+contact+tables/" title="Contact Myspace Euphoric Myspace Euphoric Contact" alt="Contact Myspace Euphoric Myspace Euphoric Contact" >Contact Myspace Euphoric Myspace Euphoric Contact</a> 4 - Fresh Panaeolus subbalteatus mushrooms. FOREWORD Nobody knows precisely when the first magic mushroom emerged from the shadows of prehistory to enter &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#105&#103&#104&#116 &#111&#102 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#46&#13&#10&#78&#111&#98&#111&#100&#121 knows when &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#13&#10&#119&#97&#115 eaten by a human being. Nobody &#107&#110&#111&#119&#115&#13&#10&#106&#117&#115&#116 &#119&#104&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 magic <H2>magic spores mushroom</H2> mushroom eater was. In seeking answers to these &#113&#117&#101&#115&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#44 &#119&#101 &#99&#97&#110 &#111&#110&#108&#121&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#117&#108&#97&#116&#101&#46 Mycophobes, however, &#97&#114&#101 &#113&#117&#105&#99&#107 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#118&#111&#105&#99&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 conviction that only &#97 &#102&#111&#111&#108 &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#98&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#99&#107&#108&#101&#115&#115 enough to want to attain a higher state of consciousness beyond the boundaries of everyday reality.<br> And only a fool would &#97&#116&#116&#101&#109&#112&#116&#13&#10&#116&#111 &#100&#111 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#98&#121 ingesting those odd little &#116&#104&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#109&#121&#115&#116&#101&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#114&#105&#118&#101 &#111&#110 decaying, humid soil, rotten wood and malodorous mounds of cow manure. Historically, magic, mushrooms have been feared and &#104&#97&#116&#101&#100&#96 &#115&#105&#110&#99&#101 &#97&#110&#116&#105&#113&#117&#105&#116&#121&#58 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 were thought to be made from poisons that magic spores mushroom had &#100&#114&#105&#112&#112&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#115&#101&#114&#112&#101&#110&#116&#115&#39 &#102&#97&#110&#103&#115&#59&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101&#121 were considered &#116&#111 &#98&#101 &#117&#110&#99&#108&#101&#97&#110 &#101&#109&#105&#115&#115&#105&#111&#110&#115 of evil spirits; moreover, &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#97 &#107&#110 </p> &#46 &#70&#111&#114&#13&#10&#116&#104&#97&#116 &#114&#101&#97&#115&#111&#110&#44 &#102&#114&#101&#101&#122&#101&#45&#100&#114&#105&#101&#100 samples for biochemical analysis &#97&#114&#101 &#115&#116&#111&#114&#101&#100 &#97&#116 &#45&#49&#48&#176&#67 &#112&#114&#105&#111&#114 to alkaloid extractions or chromatography testing. In addition to the &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#70&#105&#110&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#105&#110&#118&#101&#115&#116&#105&#103&#97&#116&#111&#114&#115 in &#78&#111&#114&#116&#104&#13&#10&#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#110&#111&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 psilocybin's &#100&#101&#99&#97&#121 &#114&#97&#116&#101 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#115&#108&#111&#119&#101&#115&#116 &#105&#110 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 semilanceata, compared to other species. (1) R = H2P03 (2) R = H Figure &#49&#57 &#45 &#83&#116&#114&#117&#99&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#117&#108&#97&#115 for psilocybin (1) &#97&#110&#100 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#105&#110 &#40&#50&#41&#46&#13&#10&#67&#72&#51&#13&#10&#67&#72&#51&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 20 - Distribution &#112&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114&#110 &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 in Germany and adjacent areas. Locations are &#105&#110&#100&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107 &#100&#111&#116&#115&#46&#13&#10&#67&#72&#65&#80&#84&#69&#82 3.<br>2 PSILOCYBE &#67&#89&#65&#78&#69&#83&#67&#69&#78&#83 &#45 &#80&#79&#84&#69&#78&#84 &#77&#85&#83&#72&#82&#79&#79&#77&#83&#13&#10&#71&#82&#79&#87&#73&#78&#71 <b>finding mushrooms and pictures.nz</b> ON WOOD DEBRIS At least one other Psilocybe species in addition to &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#105&#115 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#101&#120&#105&#115&#116 in Europe. &#65&#116 &#116&#104&#105&#115 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/psilocybemushroomsinNewJersey.php" title="Psilocybemushroomsinnewjersey" alt="Psilocybemushroomsinnewjersey" >Psilocybemushroomsinnewjersey</a> &#112&#111&#105&#110&#116&#44 &#73 must emphasize that the differentiation of single species within the Psilocybe &#103&#101&#110&#117&#115 &#105&#115 &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116 &#116&#111 considerable controversy among eminent taxonomists. &#70&#111&#114&#13&#10&#101&#120&#97&#109&#112&#108&#101&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#114&#101 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116 methods &#111&#102&#13&#10&#100&#105&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103&#117&#105&#115&#104&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 &#72&#121&#112&#104&#111&#108&#111&#109&#97 &#103&#101&#110&#117&#115 from the Stropharia genus. The Widespread &#68&#105&#115&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115&#13&#10&#87&#104&#105&#108&#101 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 semilanceata &#105&#115 &#97 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#13&#10&#116&#104&#97&#116 &#104&#97&#115 long been clearly defined and is well known by this name, there &#97&#114&#101&#44 &#97&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#75&#114&#105&#101&#103&#108&#115&#116&#101&#105&#110&#101&#114&#44 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 strongly bluing mushrooms that can be described as belonging to the "Psilocybe cyanescens complex". These &#97&#114&#101 &#97&#108&#108&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#103&#114&#111&#119 on raw compost and plant debris. In accordance with current states of knowledge, &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#110&#97&#109&#101&#115 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 literature are &#109&#101&#114&#101&#108&#121 &#115&#121&#110&#111&#110&#121&#109&#115 &#102&#111&#114 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 cyanescens Wakefield emend. Krieglsteiner: different &#104&#101&#114&#98&#97&#114&#105&#117&#109&#115&#46 &#72&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 <b>psychoactive psychoactive texas</b> &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#105&#99&#114&#111&#115&#99&#111&#112&#105&#99&#13&#10&#100&#97&#116&#97 pertaining to the Psilocybe &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#112&#111&#111&#114&#108&#121&#13&#10&#100&#101&#108&#105&#110&#101&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#97&#110&#100 oftentimes overlap.<br> It is therefore imperative &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#97&#100&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#115&#116&#117&#100&#105&#101&#115 of Psilocybe cyanescens &#98&#101 &#112&#101&#114&#102&#111&#114&#109&#101&#100&#46 &#84&#111 &#116&#104&#105&#115 end, fresh mushroom samples from various European locations should be used, and &#98&#105&#111&#99&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#109&#101&#116&#104&#111&#100&#115&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#116 &#98&#101 &#105&#110&#99&#108&#117&#100&#101&#100 in the investigation. Guzman's division of Psilocybe cyanescens by geographic area, however, definitely &#116&#117&#114&#110&#101&#100 &#111&#117&#116 &#116&#111 &#98&#101&#13&#10&#105&#110&#97&#99&#99&#117&#114&#97&#116&#101&#46 &#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#104&#105&#115 system, -North Africa was home to Psilocybe mairei, while Psilocybe cyanescens &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#105&#110 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#97&#110&#100 and Holland and Psilocybe serbica supposedly &#103&#114&#101&#119 &#105&#110 &#83&#101&#114&#98&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#66&#111&#104&#101&#109&#105&#97&#46 The geographic distribution of &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#110&#116&#105&#114&#101&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#115&#101&#101&#109&#115 &#116&#111 cover <u>psychoactive psychoactive texas</u> <i>psychoactive psychoactive texas</i> a vast &#97&#114&#101&#97&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#118&#97&#114&#105&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#13&#10&#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#99&#108&#105&#109&#97&#116&#101 and &#116&#101&#114&#114&#97&#105&#110 &#97&#116 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101 samples were collected. Such disparate &#109&#111&#114&#112&#104&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#101&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#98&#101 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 when dealing &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#34&#121&#111&#117&#110&#103&#34 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44&#13&#10&#116&#104&#97&#116 &#105&#115&#44 species that &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#110&#111&#116 &#121&#101&#116 &#102&#105&#114&#109&#108&#121 established themselves &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#114&#101 &#115&#116&#105&#108&#108 &#101&#120&#112&#97&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103 into new locations. Figure 7 &#40&#112&#46 &#49&#52&#41 &#100&#105&#115&#112&#108&#97&#121&#115 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 in Europe and North Africa &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#115&#97&#109&#112&#108&#101&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 have been found. - &#72&#121&#112&#104&#111&#108&#111&#109&#97 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#82&#46 &#77&#97&#105&#114&#101&#13&#10&#45 Hypholoma coprinifacies (Rolland ss. Herink) Pouzar - Geophila cyanescens (R. Maire) Kuhner & Romagnesi - Psilocybe serbica Moser & &#72&#111&#114&#97&#107&#13&#10&#45 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#109&#97&#105&#114&#101&#105 &#83&#105&#110&#103&#101&#114&#13&#10&#45 Psilocyb ed and &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101 &#110&#117&#109&#98&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#102 &#115&#116&#117&#100&#105&#101&#115 were conducted, primarily with LSD. &#84&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#105&#110&#118&#101&#115&#116&#105&#103&#97&#116&#111&#114&#115 &#115&#111&#117&#103&#104&#116 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114 the receptor binding sites for hallucinogenic compounds in &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#114&#97&#105&#110 &#97&#110&#100 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/myspace+mushrooms/uk+mushroom+kits+psilocybe+cubensis.php" title="Myspace Mushrooms Uk Mushroom Kits Psilocybe Cubensis" alt="Myspace Mushrooms Uk Mushroom Kits Psilocybe Cubensis" >Myspace Mushrooms Uk Mushroom Kits Psilocybe Cubensis</a> &#116&#111&#13&#10&#117&#110&#100&#101&#114&#115&#116&#97&#110&#100 the mechanisms underlying the genesis <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magic+mushroom+season.php" title="Magic Mushroom Season" alt="Magic Mushroom Season" >Magic Mushroom Season</a> &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#101&#100&#101&#108&#105&#99 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#115&#46 &#84&#111&#100&#97&#121&#44 we still lack &#97 &#115&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#111&#114&#101&#116&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#102&#114&#97&#109&#101&#119&#111&#114&#107 able to explain the relationship between chemical compounds and the manifestation of their psychoactivity. Even though basic &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#99&#101&#114&#116&#97&#105&#110&#108&#121 &#105&#109&#112&#111&#114&#116&#97&#110&#116&#44 &#105&#116&#115 methods, unfortunately, are often a function &#111&#102 &#97 &#114&#97&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#111&#110&#101&#45&#115&#105&#100&#101&#100&#13&#10&#112&#104&#97&#114&#109&#97&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108 approach to investigating the effects of &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#44 &#76&#83&#68 &#97&#110&#100 &#109&#101&#115&#99&#97&#108&#105&#110&#101 - an approach that is, in fact, too narrow to address the remarkably unusual &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 effects. Misunderstandings between pharmacologists and toxicologists on the one hand and psychiatrists and psychologists on &#116&#104&#101 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#99&#97&#110&#13&#10&#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#98&#101 traced all the way back &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#49&#57&#53&#48&#39&#115&#44&#13&#10&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#97 legacy of disputes &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#114&#103&#117&#109&#101&#110&#116&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#104&#97&#118&#101 &#121&#101&#116 &#116&#111 be resolved. S. Grof undertook the tedious task of analyzing 5,000 experimental &#76&#83&#68&#13&#10&#112&#114&#111&#116&#111&#99&#111&#108&#115 &#105&#110 &#97&#110 &#101&#102&#102&#111&#114&#116 to isolate "absolute" symptoms that are reported or occur all of the time. His &#114&#101&#115&#117&#108&#116&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#110&#101&#103&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#46 &#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 to Grof, hallucinogenic substances are non-specific triggers causing &#97 &#115&#101&#113&#117&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#111&#102 &#97&#108&#116&#101&#114&#101&#100 states of consciousness, which do not fit the &#115&#121&#110&#100&#114&#111&#109&#101&#13&#10&#108&#97&#98&#101&#108&#101&#100 &#34&#116&#111&#120&#105&#99 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#115&#105&#115&#34&#46 &#82&#97&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 it is the individual's personality, along with &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#109&#101&#110&#116&#97&#108 &#115&#101&#116&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#115&#105&#103&#110&#105&#102&#105&#99&#97&#110&#116&#108&#121 shape the nature &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#101&#100&#101&#108&#105&#99 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#46 &#84&#104&#105&#115 view is shared by &#97 &#109&#97&#106&#111&#114&#105&#116&#121 &#111&#102 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#116&#115 with considerable experience in &#99&#111&#110&#100&#117&#99&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#101&#100&#101&#108&#105&#99&#115&#45&#97&#115&#115&#105&#115&#116&#101&#100&#13&#10&#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#97&#112&#121&#46 <b>how long does it take to grow shrooms?</b> &#69&#118&#101&#110 &#34&#114&#101&#97&#108&#34 somatic &#115&#121&#109&#112&#116&#111&#109&#115&#44&#13&#10&#115&#117&#99&#104 &#97&#115 &#110&#97&#117&#115&#101&#97 &#111&#114 vomiting, can often &#98&#101 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#114&#111&#108&#108&#101&#100&#13&#10&#116&#104&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#118&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110 techniques administered by trained professionals. A Plethora &#111&#102 &#78&#97&#109&#101&#115&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#97&#100 &#114&#97&#110&#103&#101 of possible experiences inspired the use of labels other than "hallucinogens", with widely differing semantic connotations: entheogens, &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#101&#100&#101&#108&#105&#99&#115&#44&#13&#10&#105&#108&#108&#117&#115&#105&#111&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#115&#44 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#108&#121&#116&#105&#99&#115&#44 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#109&#105&#109&#101&#116&#105&#99&#115&#44&#13&#10&#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#100&#121&#115&#108&#101&#112&#116&#105&#99&#97&#44 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#101&#109&#101&#116&#105&#99&#115 and others. "Phantastica" (Lewin) is the oldest label ever &#117&#115&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101 &#116&#104&#105&#115 class &#111&#102 &#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#105&#115&#13&#10&#116&#101&#114&#109 &#115&#117&#99&#99&#101&#115&#115&#102&#117&#108&#108&#121 &#101&#118&#111&#107&#101&#115 dream-like, fanciful aspects of &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#44 &#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108 as &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#111&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#97&#108&#13&#10&#102&#111&#114 &#101&#117&#112&#104&#111&#114&#105&#99 &#97&#110&#100 dysphoric emotional overtones. More recent terminology often says more about semantic &#98&#105&#97&#115&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#119&#104&#111 &#117&#115&#101 the labels than about any factual, objective characteristics of the alkaloids they refer to. Accordingly, official antidrug propaganda since the &#49&#57&#54&#48&#39&#115 &#104&#97&#115 &#100&#105&#115&#112&#97&#114&#97&#103&#101&#100 &#34&#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#101&#100&#101&#108&#105&#99&#115&#34 as excessively glamorous and too positive a label, as the term was popular among &#84&#105&#109&#111&#116&#104&#121 &#76&#101&#97&#114&#121&#39&#115 &#102&#97&#110&#115&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 &#115&#117&#112&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#114&#115&#46&#13&#10&#87&#104&#101&#110 used in low doses or for the &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116&#13&#10&#116&#105&#109&#101&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#97&#114&#101 most likely to bring about &#97 &#107&#105&#110&#100 &#111&#102 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#102&#111&#114&#109&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 of surroundings, with a heightened ability to perceive subtle differences along the color spectru n the U.S.) contribute to the therapeutic process; they may even be the sole source for future progress. Under these conditions, stereo music also significantly deepened the intensity of the experience. It appears that these kinds of specific experiences may also account for the remarkable success of treating terminal patients with LSD to ease their fears in the face of death and to reduce even the most severe forms of pain. In many such cases, symptoms disappeared entirely, and relief from pain and anxiety that continued even after the drug's acute effects had worn off. A book by S. Grof provides a compassionate analysis of such successful treatments, which serves to underscore the fact that systematic efforts to investigate these particular therapeutic benefits have only just begun. So far, LSD has been the most widely studied substance in terms of easing the suffering of terminally ill patients, as well as dipropyltryptamine (DPT), a synthetic drug structurally similar to psilocybin that is active only when administered by injection. Below, a young woman from Switzerland gives a detailed account of her second mushroom experience. Her first experiment, with Psilocybe cubensis, had already introduced her to the realm of mystical experiences. For her second journey, she used 20 Psilocybe semilanceata mushrooms as part of a group ritual and achieved transcendence. A remarkable feature of her account is that the presence of an experienced guide was needed to realize the full potential of this visionary quest. "1 sat down next to another participant, seeking to connect with others in preparation for my journey. We proceeded to eat the fresh mushrooms. The room grew quiet and lovely music began to play. The mushrooms's effects came on much faster than they did during my first experiment. Twice I tried to establish closer contact with my fellow participant, but he was very nervous, and no source of reassurance for me. I was seeking my spiritual companion, but did not find that person among the present group. I became a figure in a long, white robe, wandering aimlessly among the columns (Greece?), still searching. My gaze lingered briefly on the wall next to the door and I saw faces and figures appear and vanish, but they did not hold my interest. It was hopeless. I continued my aimless roaming, and I was on the material plane, which I wanted to leave - had to leave. Suddenly, I found myself with one of the guides, who wanted to help me. I stared off into the distance, longing to be free of the material plane, but unable to do so. For a long time, I failed to connect with the guide; our two worlds were just too different. Suddenly I sensed that he wasn't able to look at me directly. The path by which to reach me runs through my eyes, because only they are truly alive. I asked him to help me on my way and invited him to look into my eyes. I felt as if all life energy was draining from my bo </p> <p>n the U.S.) contribute to the therapeutic process; they may even be the sole source for future progress. Under these conditions, stereo music also significantly deepened the intensity of the experience. It appears that these kinds of specific experiences may also account for the remarkable success of treating terminal patients with LSD to ease their fears in the face of death and to reduce even the most severe forms of pain. In many such cases, symptoms disappeared entirely, and relief from pain and anxiety that continued even after the drug's acute effects had worn off. A book by S. Grof provides a compassionate analysis of such successful treatments, which serves to underscore the fact that systematic efforts to investigate these particular therapeutic benefits have only just begun. So far, LSD has been the most widely studied substance in terms of easing the suffering of terminally ill patients, as well as dipropyltryptamine (DPT), a synthetic drug structurally similar to psilocybin that is active only when administered by injection. Below, a young woman from Switzerland gives a detailed account of her second mushroom experience. Her first experiment, with Psilocybe cubensis, had already introduced her to the realm of mystical experiences. For her second journey, she used 20 Psilocybe semilanceata mushrooms as part of a group ritual and achieved transcendence. A remarkable feature of her account is that the presence of an experienced guide was needed to realize the full potential of this visionary quest. "1 sat down next to another participant, seeking to connect with others in preparation for my journey. We proceeded to eat the fresh mushrooms. The room grew quiet and lovely music began to play. The mushrooms's effects came on much faster than they did during my first experiment. Twice I tried to establish closer contact with my fellow participant, but he was very nervous, and no source of reassurance for me. I was seeking my spiritual companion, but did not find that person among the present group. I became a figure in a long, white robe, wandering aimlessly among the columns (Greece?), still searching. My gaze lingered briefly on the wall next to the door and I saw faces and figures appear and vanish, but they did not hold my interest. It was hopeless. I continued my aimless roaming, and I was on the material plane, which I wanted to leave - had to leave. Suddenly, I found myself with one of the guides, who wanted to help me. I stared off into the distance, longing to be free of the material plane, but unable to do so. For a long time, I failed to connect with the guide; our two worlds were just too different. Suddenly I sensed that he wasn't able to look at me directly. The path by which to reach me runs through my eyes, because only they are truly alive. I asked him to help me on my way and invited him to look into my eyes. I felt as if all life energy was draining from my bo Mind-altering (psilocybine containing) mushrooms have been traditionally used in religious healing and curing ceremonies by native ulinary mushroom bears no resemblance, either in size or form, to Inocybe aeruginascens. Overall, however, these unfortunate cases have also contributed to our understanding of mushroom biochemistry. In this context, I want to emphasize once more that the hallucinogenic varieties among the Inocybes can easily be mistaken for those muscarine-producing Inocybe species that are extremely poisonous. As part of his investigation of the Psilocybe genus, Guzman noted a common trait among the hallucinogenic species, in addition to the bluing reaction: a flour-like smell or taste. Apart from the inherent subjective nature of our sense of smell and taste, a common odor is a trait that definitely does not apply to the European species (also see Chapter 3.2). Mycophile or Mycophobe? There are reports from the Western United States about people with expert knowledge of Psilocybe semilanceata - devoted mushroom hunters who can identify the species with drill and accuracy. At the same time, however, these experts cannot identify easily spotted common table mushrooms, nor are they able to differentiate the Agaricus species (champignons) from other mushrooms, even when these species grow on the same pasture. Such individuals, then, are not interested in species other than Psilocybe semilanceata. In my opinion, this attitude reflects a rare combination of mycophilia and mycophobia. A mushroom's spore dust provides important information needed to determine identity. A spore print is left by the gills when the cap is placed on black or white paper (depending on spore color). As the process takes several hours, a glass vessel must be placed over the cap to prevent drying. While useful, information obtained from spore analyses has its limitations, For instance, spores derived from mushrooms belonging to different genera may have the same color, but reveal basic differences under the microscope. There is also a high degree of similarity among spores from different Psilocybe species. Thus, the only way to prevent grave errors and potentially deadly intoxications is to rely on experienced experts for mushroom identification, a process that must include analysis of available ecological data. CHAPTER 5 THE BLUING PHENOMENON AND METOL TESTING: REALITY VS. WISHFUL THINKING As previously discussed in Chapters 3.1 and 3.7, the bluing reaction is characteristic of species that produce psilocybin. Still, for unknown reasons, some species or samples belonging to a genus that usually turns blue may not always change color, regardless of psilocybin content. Among the species that I have examined, Psilocybe bohemica displayed the most impressive bluing reaction. The caps of this species stain very quickly in reaction to pressure. Other species, such as Psilocybe cubensis (Earle) Sing. have stems that develop very intensely blue stains, while their caps do not exhibit the bluing reaction. By contrast, Psilocybe by A. Hofmann, Sandoz Pharmaceuticals manufactured about 2 kg (ca. 4.4lbs) of pure psilocybin for scientific research purposes. The results of pharmacological testing soon revealed psilocybin as an alkaloid that was perfectly safe for human subjects under controlled experimental conditions. Despite this evidence, the anti-drug legislative framework of the mid1960s firmly established an "official mycophobia", a misguided, yet entrenched policy that still prevails today and effectively prevents the scientific investigation of promising potential applications for psilocybin and other alkaloids. At the same time, mycological and biochemical research studies have shown that psilocybincontaining mushrooms thrive all over the world and can be found on all continents. These mushrooms are no different from any other mycoflora and must not be excluded from scientific investigation because of their alkaloid content. In addition to overall variations in value systems across cultures, individuals tend to develop their own personal attitudes towards mushrooms in general. Oftentimes, the evolution of specific opinions about mushrooms can be traced back to childhood events, even though such early experiences seldom account for the development of prevailing biases and value systems later in life. I recall an incident from my own childhood, which occurred when I was about five years old. I was playing in a grassy meadow, when a girl pointed to a brown mushroom and earnestly explained that it was inedible and poisonous. While I have never forgotten this encounter, I did grow up to become a devoted mushroom enthusiast. On the other hand, a different childhood event has left me with the vivid memory of discovering a landfill virtually covered with vast numbers of gilled bluing mushrooms and the sense of awe I experienced contemplating this sight. In general, the unusual characteristics of these mushrooms are most likely responsible for strong impressions formed early in life, which then may develop into various attitudes or beliefs later on. An enduring personal interest in psychotropic mushroom species can serve to amplify or diminish mycophobic as well as mycophilic dispositions, depending on the influence of other factors. After all, judgments about the benefit or folly of deliberately altering one's state of consciousness are also colored by individual preferences, biases and opinions. The following chapters are meant to illustrate this diversity of attitudes towards psychotropic mushrooms. Descriptions of planned and involuntary experiments with specific mushroom species offer convincing evidence that the effects of psychoactive mushrooms are open to many possible interpretations. CHAPTER 3 THE CURRENT STATE OF KNOWLEDGE ABOUT EUROPEAN SPECIES Figure 7 - Distribution pattern of Psilocybe cyanescens across Europe and North Africa (according to Krieglsteiner). Black dots indicate approximate locatio &#111&#119&#110&#13&#10&#99&#97&#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#100&#101&#97&#116&#104 &#97&#110&#100 disease, bloated stomachs and insanity.<br> Beliefs such &#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#115&#117&#114&#118&#105&#118&#101&#100 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 present day. They persist, for example,,, as figures &#111&#102 &#115&#112&#101&#101&#99&#104&#44 &#115 &#117 c h as the &#115&#108&#105&#99&#107 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#110&#13&#10&#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#112&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#97 societal &#109&#105&#115&#102&#105&#116 &#97&#115 &#115&#111&#109&#101&#111&#110&#101 &#34&#119&#104&#111&#13&#10&#97&#116&#101 those madness-inducing mushrooms.<br>" But, there is another, very different, magic mushroom legacy as well.<br> Flesh &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#71&#111&#100&#115 &#102&#111&#114 &#68&#101&#118&#105&#108 Worshippers The Old World. &#77&#121&#99&#101&#110&#97&#101&#97&#110 &#99&#105&#118&#105&#108&#105&#122&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#98&#101&#103&#97&#110 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97 mushroom trip <u>MUSHROOMS ENGLAND IN FOUND</u> -Mushrooms were an ingredient in the ambrosia of Dionysus. Porphyrius, the fourth century Latin poet and contemporary of Emperor Konstantin, knew that magic &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#104&#105&#108&#100&#114&#101&#110 of the gods. WHO WAS THE FIRST MAGICIAN? A quasi-cannibalistic ritual, the act &#111&#102 &#101&#97&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#99&#104&#105&#108&#100&#114&#101&#110 &#111&#102 the gods unlocked one's power to experience the truly divine.<br> But not all mushrooms &#101&#110&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#104&#117&#109&#97&#110 &#98&#101&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#116&#111 enter the realm of divine consciousness. This magic power resides in only those fungi known as "fool's mushrooms", which were considered poisonous and believed to be the spawn of the Devil throughout the late Middle Ages and well into modern times. The New World: The Aztecs in Mexico referred to a &#110&#117&#109&#98&#101&#114 &#111&#102 &#115&#109&#97&#108&#108&#44 &#105&#110&#99&#111&#110&#115&#112&#105&#99&#117&#111&#117&#115&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 as teonartacatl, or "flesh of the Gods." &#84&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#115&#97&#99&#114&#101&#100 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 eaten during the course of rituals &#105&#110&#116&#101&#110&#100&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#97&#99&#116&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#71&#111&#100&#115 in &#111&#114&#100&#101&#114 &#116&#111 &#108&#101&#97&#114&#110 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 the world and the realm of the divine. These magic &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#13&#10&#114&#105&#116&#117&#97&#108&#115 &#116&#104&#111&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 &#115&#112&#111&#111&#107&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#67&#97&#116&#104&#111&#108&#105&#99&#13&#10&#83&#112&#97&#110&#105&#97&#114&#100&#115&#46 The mushroom eaters, &#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110&#108&#121&#13&#10&#116&#104&#111&#117&#103&#104&#116 &#111&#102 &#97&#115 &#68&#101&#118&#105&#108 worshippers, were hounded by the Inquisition. Still, all good things survive the tests of time, so the cult of magic mushroom eaters did &#110&#111&#116 &#98&#101&#99&#111&#109&#101 &#101&#120&#116&#105&#110&#99&#116&#46 &#76&#105&#107&#101 mycelia underground, &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#117&#108&#116 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#117&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#102&#108&#111&#117&#114&#105&#115&#104&#44 and at the proper time in &#114&#101&#99&#111&#114&#100&#101&#100 &#104&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#121&#44 &#105&#110 &#49&#57&#53&#55&#44&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 fruit of the fully grown mushroom re-surfaced to draw &#119&#105&#100&#101&#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100 &#112&#117&#98&#108&#105&#99 &#97&#116&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 &#86&#97&#108&#101&#110&#116&#105&#110&#101&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 Gordon Wasson became &#116&#104&#101 &#104&#101&#114&#111&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#109&#111&#100&#101&#114&#110 neo-mycophilic movement. Back to the &#79&#108&#100 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100&#58 &#84&#104&#101 &#114&#101&#118&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 &#105&#110&#115&#105&#103&#104&#116&#115 gained &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 were so magically wonderful, that our native European "fool's mushrooms" - which were &#103&#101&#110&#101 &#59 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#101&#100&#105&#98&#108&#101 - had &#116&#111 &#98&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#99&#111&#103&#110&#105&#122&#101&#100 &#97&#115 &#99&#108&#111&#115&#101&#108&#121 related to the magic mushrooms of Mexico, the flesh of the &#65&#122&#116&#101&#99&#13&#10&#71&#111&#100&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#115&#111&#117&#108&#115 &#111&#102 magic mushrooms in Mexico and Germany are essentially made from the same substance: psilocybin. Jochen Gartz &#104&#97&#115 &#109&#97&#100&#101 &#97&#110 &#101&#120&#116&#114&#97&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#97&#114&#121&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 to the field of mycology by embracing Germany's magic &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99&#13&#10&#115&#116&#117&#100&#121 and testing of these fungi. The &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104&#13&#10&#101&#102&#102&#111&#114&#116&#115 &#117&#112&#111&#110 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#116&#104&#105&#115 book is <H1>USA psilocybin psilocybin</H1> based require nothing less than &#97 &#102&#101&#97&#114&#108&#101&#115&#115&#44 &#98&#114&#97&#118&#101 &#97&#110&#100 courageous consciousness, &#102&#114&#101&#101 &#111&#102 &#112&#114&#101&#106&#117&#100&#105&#99&#101 &#97&#110&#100 mycophobia. I am <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/eating+shrooms/liberty+caps+psilocybe+semilancea/" title="Eating Shrooms Liberty Eating Semilancea Liberty" alt="Eating Shrooms Liberty Eating Semilancea Liberty" >Eating Shrooms Liberty Eating Semilancea Liberty</a> convinced that &#97 &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104&#101&#114&#39&#115 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#13&#10&#105&#110&#102&#117&#115&#101&#100 &#98&#121 the &#115&#112&#105&#114&#105&#116 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 mushroom is capable &#111&#102 &#102&#97&#114 &#100&#101&#101&#112&#101&#114 &#115&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99 insights than we can ever expect from &#116&#104&#101 &#117&#115&#117&#97&#108 &#105&#118&#111&#114&#121 &#116&#111&#119&#101&#114&#13&#10&#97&#99&#97&#100&#101&#109&#105&#99&#115&#44 isolated from reality <p align="left"> INTRODUCTION Mind-altering (psilocybine containing) &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#116&#114&#97&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121 used in &#114&#101&#108&#105&#103&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#104&#101&#97&#108&#105&#110&#103 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 ceremonies by native peoples in Mesoamerica for more than 3,000 years.<br> Today, the recreational use &#111&#102 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99 &#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 &#98&#121 Westerners is widespread, especially in various regions of the &#85&#110&#105&#116&#101&#100 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/sclerotia+instructions+form+mushrooms/GROWKIT+COPELANDIA/" title="Sclerotia Instructions Form Mushrooms Growkit Copelandia" alt="Sclerotia Instructions Form Mushrooms Growkit Copelandia" >Sclerotia Instructions Form Mushrooms Growkit Copelandia</a> &#83&#116&#97&#116&#101&#115&#44 &#67&#97&#110&#97&#100&#97&#44 &#77&#101&#120&#105&#99&#111&#44 Caribbean, Great Britain, &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101 &#40&#101&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 Netherlands), Scandinavia, South America, Southeast Asia, India, Bali, Samoa; Australia and &#78&#101&#119 &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#109&#111&#100&#101&#114&#110&#44 &#110&#111&#110&#45&#116&#114&#97&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 use of hallucinogenic mushrooms has been stimulated, &#98&#121 &#109&#101&#100&#105&#97 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#115 &#105&#110 newspapers, magazines, word-of-mouth communication, the World Wide Web &#97&#110&#100 &#73&#110&#116&#101&#114&#110&#101&#116&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#108&#115&#111 by &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#99&#104&#111&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#97&#110&#100 &#112&#111&#112&#117&#108&#97&#114 journal publications &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#114&#101&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#101&#116&#104&#110&#111&#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116 R. Gordon Wasson, (Harvard &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116 &#84&#105&#109&#111&#116&#104&#121 &#76&#101&#97&#114&#121&#44 &#116&#114&#97&#118&#101&#108&#101&#114 &#74&#101&#114&#101&#109&#121 Sanford, health guru Andrew Weil, and &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#115 &#40&#115&#101&#101 &#65&#108&#108&#101&#110 &#44 Merlin &Jansen, 1991).<br>This field guide reviews the history of both the accidental and purposeful use of psychoactive &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 New Zealand. Information &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#103&#117&#105&#100&#101 &#104&#97&#115 been gathered from personal &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#98&#121 the author &#97&#110&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#115 &#105&#110 the &#115&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99 &#108&#105&#116&#101&#114&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101&#44 &#110&#101&#119&#115 &#105&#116&#101&#109&#115 appearing in the &#112&#111&#112&#117&#108&#97&#114 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#112&#101&#114&#115&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#117&#110&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 with Australian and New Zealand (NZ) professionals (Unsigned 1970; &#79&#39&#78&#101&#105&#108&#108&#44 &#49&#57&#56&#54&#41&#46 </p> ulinary mushroom bears no resemblance, either in size or form, to Inocybe aeruginascens. Overall, however, these unfortunate cases have also contributed to our understanding of mushroom biochemistry. In this context, I want to emphasize once more that the hallucinogenic varieties among the Inocybes can easily be mistaken for those muscarine-producing Inocybe species that are extremely poisonous. As part of his investigation of the Psilocybe genus, Guzman noted a common trait among the hallucinogenic species, in addition to the bluing reaction: a flour-like smell or taste. Apart from the inherent subjective nature of our sense of smell and taste, a common odor is a trait that definitely does not apply to the European species (also see Chapter 3.2). Mycophile or Mycophobe? There are reports from the Western United States about people with expert knowledge of Psilocybe semilanceata - devoted mushroom hunters who can identify the species with drill and accuracy. At the same time, however, these experts cannot identify easily spotted common table mushrooms, nor are they able to differentiate the Agaricus species (champignons) from other mushrooms, even when these species grow on the same pasture. Such individuals, then, are not interested in species other than Psilocybe semilanceata. In my opinion, this attitude reflects a rare combination of mycophilia and mycophobia. A mushroom's spore dust provides important information needed to determine identity. A spore print is left by the gills when the cap is placed on black or white paper (depending on spore color). As the process takes several hours, a glass vessel must be placed over the cap to prevent drying. While useful, information obtained from spore analyses has its limitations, For instance, spores derived from mushrooms belonging to different genera may have the same color, but reveal basic differences under the microscope. There is also a high degree of similarity among spores from different Psilocybe species. Thus, the only way to prevent grave errors and potentially deadly intoxications is to rely on experienced experts for mushroom identification, a process that must include analysis of available ecological data. CHAPTER 5 THE BLUING PHENOMENON AND METOL TESTING: REALITY VS. WISHFUL THINKING As previously discussed in Chapters 3.1 and 3.7, the bluing reaction is characteristic of species that produce psilocybin. Still, for unknown reasons, some species or samples belonging to a genus that usually turns blue may not always change color, regardless of psilocybin content. Among the species that I have examined, Psilocybe bohemica displayed the most impressive bluing reaction. The caps of this species stain very quickly in reaction to pressure. Other species, such as Psilocybe cubensis (Earle) Sing. have stems that develop very intensely blue stains, while their caps do not exhibit the bluing reaction. By contrast, Psilocybe </p> </div> <div id="footer"> <div class="left"> <a href="/Articles.html" class="doNotPrint">Articles</a><br /> <a href="/Articles.html" class="doNotPrint">Contact</a> </div> <br class="doNotDisplay doNotPrint" /> <div class="right"> copyright © 2006 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/cowdungmushroomsintexas.php" title="Cowdungmushroomsintexas" alt="Cowdungmushroomsintexas" >Cowdungmushroomsintexas</a><br /> design by <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magic+mushroom+drug+test/mario+mushroom/" title="Magic Mushroom Drug Test Mario Mushroom" alt="Magic Mushroom Drug Test Mario Mushroom" >Magic Mushroom Drug Test Mario Mushroom</a> </div></div> </body>