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class="sideBarText"> Validate the <a href="http://validator.w3.org/check/referer">XHTML</a> and <a href="http://jigsaw.w3.org/css-validator/check/referer">CSS</a> of this page. </span> </div> </div> <div id="main-copy"> <h1 id="introduction">Kit Rocks Mush Mush</h1> <p><img border="0" src="/images/Mellow-Mushroom-Pizza-Magic-Mushroom-Information.j" alt=" Libertycapmushroomsuk"> own cause of death and disease, bloated stomachs and insanity. Beliefs such as these have survived to the present day. They persist, for example,,, as figures of speech, s u c h as the slick Austrian description of a societal misfit as someone "who ate those madness-inducing mushrooms." But, there is another, very different, magic mushroom legacy as well. Flesh of the Gods for Devil Worshippers The Old World. Mycenaean civilization began with a mushroom trip -Mushrooms were an ingredient in the ambrosia of Dionysus. Porphyrius, the fourth century Latin poet and contemporary of Emperor Konstantin, knew that magic mushrooms were the children of the gods. WHO WAS THE FIRST MAGICIAN? A quasi-cannibalistic ritual, the act of eating the children of the gods unlocked one's power to experience the truly divine. But not all mushrooms enable human beings to enter the realm of divine consciousness. This magic power resides in only those fungi known as "fool's mushrooms", which were considered poisonous and believed to be the spawn of the Devil throughout the late Middle Ages and well into modern times. The New World: The Aztecs in Mexico referred to a number of small, inconspicuous mushrooms as teonartacatl, or "flesh of the Gods." These sacred mushrooms were eaten during the course of rituals intended to contact the Gods in order to learn about the world and the realm of the divine. These magic mushroom rituals thoroughly spooked the Catholic Spaniards. The mushroom eaters, commonly thought of as Devil worshippers, were hounded by the Inquisition. Still, all good things survive the tests of time, so the cult of magic mushroom eaters did not become extinct. Like mycelia underground, the cult continued to flourish, and at the proper time in recorded history, in 1957, the fruit of the fully grown mushroom re-surfaced to draw widespread public attention. Valentine and Gordon Wasson became the heroes of the modern neo-mycophilic movement. Back to the Old World: The revelations and insights gained from the use of psychoactive mushrooms were so magically wonderful, that our native European "fool's mushrooms" - which were gene ; considered inedible - had to be recognized as closely related to the magic mushrooms of Mexico, the flesh of the Aztec Gods. The souls of magic mushrooms in Mexico and Germany are essentially made from the same substance: psilocybin. Jochen Gartz has made an extraordinary contribution to the field of mycology by embracing Germany's magic mushrooms and the scientific study and testing of these fungi. The research efforts upon which this book is based require nothing less than a fearless, brave and courageous consciousness, free of prejudice and mycophobia. I am convinced that a researcher's consciousness infused by the spirit of the magic mushroom is capable of far deeper scientific insights than we can ever expect from the usual ivory tower academics, isolated from reality <p align="center"> &#13&#10&#119&#101&#110&#116 &#105&#110 &#119&#97&#118&#101&#115&#46 &#73&#110&#99&#114&#101&#97&#115&#105&#110&#103&#108&#121&#44 &#97&#108&#108 colors in her immediate surroundings &#99&#111&#97&#108&#101&#115&#99&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#115&#104&#97&#100&#101&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#46 &#84&#104&#101 hallucinations were fearsome; the heads of monsters became visible and <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magicmushroompickingwales.asp" title="Magicmushroompickingwales" alt="Magicmushroompickingwales" >Magicmushroompickingwales</a> a wall opened up into an abyss. There was a succession of &#104&#117&#109&#97&#110&#13&#10&#102&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97&#110&#105&#109&#97&#108 &#104&#101&#97&#100&#115&#46 The next day, everything was back to &#110&#111&#114&#109&#97&#108&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#111&#108&#100&#101&#115&#116 &#99&#104&#105&#108&#100 (age 14) also saw her parents' hair color &#116&#117&#114&#110 &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#44 &#104&#97&#100 &#100&#105&#108&#97&#116&#101&#100&#13&#10&#112&#117&#112&#105&#108&#115 and watched &#103&#101&#111&#109&#101&#116&#114&#105&#99 &#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#115 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114 &#111&#110 the wall. The youngest child (age 11) &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#100 &#99&#114&#97&#109&#112&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#108&#111&#115&#116&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#46&#13&#10&#73&#110 1960, Singer &#97&#110&#100 &#71&#117&#122&#109&#97&#110 &#115&#117&#103&#103&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100&#13&#10&#116&#104&#97&#116 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 cyanescens might contain psilocybin, &#98&#101&#99&#97&#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#110&#115&#101 &#98&#108&#117&#101 staining they &#104&#97&#100 &#111&#98&#115&#101&#114&#118&#101&#100&#46 &#73&#116 &#119&#97&#115&#110&#39&#116 &#117&#110&#116&#105&#108 after the intoxications in &#77&#101&#110&#116&#111&#110 &#104&#97&#100 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#112&#117&#98&#108&#105&#99&#105&#122&#101&#100&#44 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#97 &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104 team working with A. Hofmann detected 0.2% of &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#46&#13&#10&#67&#111&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101&#114&#105&#110&#103 the powerful effects, however, this concentration &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#115 &#116&#111 &#98&#101 &#116&#111&#111 low &#116&#111 &#99&#97&#117&#115&#101 &#115&#117&#99&#104&#13&#10&#105&#109&#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#105&#118&#101 &#114&#101&#97&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#46 Later on, &#83&#97&#110&#100&#111&#122&#13&#10&#76&#97&#98&#111&#114&#97&#116&#111&#114&#105&#101&#115 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#101&#118&#101&#108 of psilocybin in dried samples as 0.8%, along with 1.2% psilocin.<br> The &#108&#101&#118&#101&#108 &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#105&#110&#44 &#104&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 may &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110&#13&#10&#102&#97&#108&#115&#101&#108&#121 &#101&#108&#101&#118&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#98&#121 the presence &#111&#102 &#115&#101&#114&#111&#116&#111&#110&#105&#110 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#105&#116&#115 &#100&#101&#114&#105&#118&#97&#116&#101&#115 in the mushroom sample &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#119&#97&#115&#13&#10&#98&#101&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100&#46&#13&#10&#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 Stijve, a mushroom &#115&#97&#109&#112&#108&#101&#13&#10&#99&#111&#108&#108&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#74&#46&#87&#46 &#65&#108&#108&#101&#110 in Thailand contained 0.<br>4% - 1.05% of psilocin, with only trace amounts of psilocybin; serotonin was present in large amounts, comparable to concentrations found in all Panaeolus &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#65&#112&#112&#97&#114&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121&#44 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115&#13&#10&#112&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#101&#115 &#109&#111&#114&#101 psilocin than psilocybin. Still, &#73&#13&#10&#119&#97&#115 &#97&#98&#108&#101 &#116&#111 &#100&#101&#116&#101&#99&#116 0.4% of psilocybin in mycelia cultivated on malt agar, with no other indole compounds present. Discussion of &#116&#104&#101 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#13&#10&#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110 incomplete without pointing out that those subjectively terrifying psychoses reported in 1965 &#99&#97&#110&#110&#111&#116 &#98&#101 &#97&#116&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 a specific mushroom ingredient, &#98&#117&#116 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121&#13&#10&#112&#114&#101&#99&#105&#112&#105&#116&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#98&#121 the circumstances (set and setting) surrounding the incident. The effects described by J. Allen in Hawaii after &#101&#97&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#50&#48 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#109&#101&#110&#115 &#112&#97&#105&#110&#116 a different picture &#97&#108&#116&#111&#103&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#58&#13&#10&#87&#105&#116&#104 &#114&#97&#100&#105&#111 &#109&#117&#115&#105&#99 &#112&#108&#97&#121&#105&#110&#103 softly in the dark, &#101&#117&#112&#104&#111&#114&#105&#97 &#98&#101&#103&#97&#110 &#116&#111 &#99&#111&#109&#101 on in waves. After 20 minutes, visions became so intense that <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magic+mushroom+grow+kit.asp" title="Magic Kit Mushroom Kit" alt="Magic Kit Mushroom Kit" >Magic Kit Mushroom Kit</a> I tried to close my &#101&#121&#101&#115&#46 &#87&#104&#101&#110&#101&#118&#101&#114 &#49 &#100&#105&#100 close &#109&#121 &#101&#121&#101&#115&#44&#13&#10&#109&#121 &#101&#121&#101&#108&#105&#100&#115 &#102&#101&#108&#116 as if they were being &#115&#112&#114&#97&#121&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#111&#117&#116&#115&#105&#100&#101&#46 &#67&#111&#108&#111&#114&#115 were sharp and clear, &#98&#117&#116&#13&#10&#73 &#97&#108&#119&#97&#121&#115 &#113&#117&#105&#99&#107&#108&#121 &#111&#112&#101&#110&#101&#100 my eyes again.<br> Colors were dancing like laser &#98&#101&#97&#109&#115 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#114&#104&#121&#116&#104&#109 of the music. The &#115&#116&#97&#114&#115 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#107&#121 &#97&#115&#115&#101&#109&#98&#108&#101&#100 in clusters that &#114&#101&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 &#97&#108&#108 &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#97&#121 into my soul. I was a &#108&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#115&#99&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 idea that &#116&#104&#101 &#111&#99&#101&#97&#110&#13&#10&#119&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#109&#105&#103&#104&#116 &#114&#117&#115&#104 up all &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#97&#121 &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#111&#117&#114 hut.<br> Other than &#116&#104&#97&#116&#44 &#102&#101&#101&#108&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#111&#102 &#101&#117&#112&#104&#111&#114&#105&#97 were overwhelming. &#65&#116 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#115&#44 &#73 &#119&#97&#115 overcome by fits of laughter. That night, I &#115&#108&#101&#112&#116 &#108&#105&#107&#101 &#34&#97 &#112&#114&#105&#110&#99&#101 &#34&#46 The following morning &#73 &#103&#97&#116&#104&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#117&#112 &#109&#121 &#98&#101&#108&#111&#110&#103&#105&#110&#103&#115&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 had to walk &#98&#97&#99&#107 &#97&#99&#114&#111&#115&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#97&#115&#116&#117&#114&#101 where I had collected the mushrooms the day before. I noticed a &#108&#111&#116 &#111 </p> In addition, many early users of "magic mushrooms" in Australia may have first become aware of their mind-altering and visionary effects by reading the published literature or the many news items appearing in the popular Australian press during the late l960's and early l970's. These news items often described both accidental and deliberate intoxication's which resulted from the ingestion of several varieties of "magic mushrooms". For example, in 1972, one local newspaper report provided an account regarding the use of these mushrooms by young teenagers at a local high school in Brisbane: "...children at a suburban school are getting high on mushrooms called 'Gold Tops.' The mushrooms are common along the Brisbane River near Toowing High School, and children in search of `kicks' have been experimenting with them (Unsigned, 1972)." It would be very obvious to anyone who read this above mentioned news item, when it appeared in print, that those searching for hallucinogenic mushrooms would be able to find them if they so desired. There is yet another factor that may have played a significant role in promoting interest in the use of psychoactive mushrooms in Australia and NZ. Some drug users or mycophillic individuals may have read or heard of R. Gordon Wasson's personal account of his adventurous rediscovery of an hallucinogenic mushroom cult among the Mazatec Indians of Southern Mexico. Dr. Wasson reported the ceremonial use of certain mushrooms as divinatory substances among the Mazatecs and other native peoples in Oaxaca, Mexico (see Wasson, 1957). This journalistic report of Wasson's research expedition appeared in an international edition of Life Magazine in the late l950's, providing many drug users and others with the incentive to seek out, find, and eventually experiment with these mushrooms. The majority of adverse physical effects or negative psychological reactions produced by "magic mushrooms" generally result from inappropriate set and expectation, or because of improper dosage, which may vary considerably among consumers, different mushroom species, or even within an individual species. The question of dosage is often confused by the variation in the source of the hallucinogenic mushroom species which is consumed. For example, Psilocybe cubensis, when picked and eaten from its natural dung (manure) habitat, produces a relatively mild mindaltering experience, which is evident from the large amounts of fresh specimens needed to achieve a threshold experience. However when grown in vitro (indoor laboratory cultivation and/or illicit cultivation), Psilocybe cubensis apparently can produce a more potent strain capable of inducing a very intense visual, sometimes quite disturbing, experience. This dosage assumes that the consumption of 1 to 3 gm of dried material would be too low if the mushroom specimen came from a wild source. This low potency for Psilocybe cubensis has been confirmed by research scientists Margot & Watling, (1981), who were surprised by the comparatively small amounts of psilocybin and psilocin which they extracted from wild specimens collected from five different locations in Australia. This suggests that a much larger dose would be required to produce significant hallucinations. It is possible that the chemicals most likely degenerated between the time that they were harvested and the time of analysis. However, it should be noted that a strain of Psilocybe cubensis producing different flushes (harvests) will vary somewhat in potency between flushes. The first livestock to arrive in Australia were brought from the Cape of Good Hope in went in waves. Increasingly, all colors in her immediate surroundings coalesced into shades of green. The hallucinations were fearsome; the heads of monsters became visible and a wall opened up into an abyss. There was a succession of human figure with animal heads. The next day, everything was back to normal. The oldest child (age 14) also saw her parents' hair color turn green, had dilated pupils and watched geometric shapes appear on the wall. The youngest child (age 11) experienced cramps and lost consciousness. In 1960, Singer and Guzman suggested that Panaeolus cyanescens might contain psilocybin, because of the intense blue staining they had observed. It wasn't until after the intoxications in Menton had been publicized, that a research team working with A. Hofmann detected 0.2% of psilocybin in the mushrooms. Considering the powerful effects, however, this concentration appears to be too low to cause such impressive reactions. Later on, Sandoz Laboratories reported the level of psilocybin in dried samples as 0.8%, along with 1.2% psilocin. The level of psilocin, however, may have been falsely elevated by the presence of serotonin and its derivates in the mushroom sample that was being tested. According to Stijve, a mushroom sample collected by J.W. Allen in Thailand contained 0.4% - 1.05% of psilocin, with only trace amounts of psilocybin; serotonin was present in large amounts, comparable to concentrations found in all Panaeolus species. Apparently, Panaeolus cyanescens produces more psilocin than psilocybin. Still, I was able to detect 0.4% of psilocybin in mycelia cultivated on malt agar, with no other indole compounds present. Discussion of the Panaeolus species would remain incomplete without pointing out that those subjectively terrifying psychoses reported in 1965 cannot be attributed to a specific mushroom ingredient, but were likely precipitated by the circumstances (set and setting) surrounding the incident. The effects described by J. Allen in Hawaii after eating 20 specimens paint a different picture altogether: With radio music playing softly in the dark, euphoria began to come on in waves. After 20 minutes, visions became so intense that I tried to close my eyes. Whenever 1 did close my eyes, my eyelids felt as if they were being sprayed from the outside. Colors were sharp and clear, but I always quickly opened my eyes again. Colors were dancing like laser beams to the rhythm of the music. The stars in the sky assembled in clusters that reached all the way into my soul. I was a little scared at the idea that the ocean water might rush up all the way into our hut. Other than that, feelings of euphoria were overwhelming. At times, I was overcome by fits of laughter. That night, I slept like "a prince ". The following morning I gathered up my belongings and had to walk back across the pasture where I had collected the mushrooms the day before. I noticed a lot o <p align="right"> The question of dosage is often confused <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/published.asp" title="Published" alt="Published" >Published</a> <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/findingandpickingshroomsinaustralia.asp" title="Findingandpickingshroomsinaustralia" alt="Findingandpickingshroomsinaustralia" >Findingandpickingshroomsinaustralia</a> by &#116&#104&#101 &#118&#97&#114&#105&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 source of the hallucinogenic mushroom &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#105&#115 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#117&#109&#101&#100&#46 </p> <p align="justify"> JOCHEN GARTZ MAGIC MUSHROOMS Around the World A Scientific Journey Across &#67&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#84&#105&#109&#101&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#67&#97&#115&#101 &#102&#111&#114 Challenging Research and &#86&#97&#108&#117&#101 &#83&#121&#115&#116&#101&#109&#115&#13&#10&#42 &#76&#73&#83 &#80&#85&#66&#76&#73&#67&#65&#84&#73&#79&#78&#83 * LOS ANGELES, CA* Figure 1 - Water Color Painting of &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#13&#10&#40&#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#44 &#49&#57&#50&#55&#41&#13&#10&#84&#65&#66&#76&#69 &#79&#70 CONTENT (With Active Links' Just Click On A Subject To Go To The Page) "Who &#87&#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#70&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#77&#97&#103&#105&#99&#105&#97&#110&#63&#34 - Foreword by Christian Ratsch &#55&#13&#10&#49&#46 &#73&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#57&#13&#10&#50&#46 &#82&#101&#102&#108&#101&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#110 the &#72&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#121 &#97&#110&#100 &#83&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99 &#83&#116&#117&#100&#121 of Magic Mushrooms 10 3. The Current State of Knowledge About European Species 14 3.1 Psilocybe semilanceata: The Classic Species Among European Psychotropic Mushrooms 16 3.2 Psilocybe cyanescens: Potent Mushrooms Growing &#111&#110 &#87&#111&#111&#100 &#68&#101&#98&#114&#105&#115 &#50&#57&#13&#10&#51&#46&#51 Panaeolus &#115&#117&#98&#98&#97&#108&#116&#101&#97&#116&#117&#115&#58 &#77&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#121 &#97&#110&#100 &#77&#121&#116&#104&#115 about &#116&#104&#101 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 &#83&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#51&#55&#13&#10&#51&#46&#52 Inocybe aeruginascens: &#70&#97&#115&#116&#45&#83&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#78&#101&#119 &#65&#114&#114&#105&#118&#97&#108&#115 &#52&#52&#13&#10&#51&#46&#53 &#71&#121&#109&#110&#111&#112&#105&#108&#117&#115 purpuratus: Magnificent Mushrooms from &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104 &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97 &#53&#49&#13&#10&#51&#46&#54 &#67&#111&#110&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 cyanopus: Tiny Mushrooms of &#82&#101&#109&#97&#114&#107&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#80&#111&#116&#101&#110&#99&#121 &#53&#53&#13&#10&#51&#46&#55 &#80&#108&#117&#116&#101&#117&#115 salicinus: &#65 &#76&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101&#45&#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#87&#111&#111&#100&#45&#73&#110&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#83&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 58 4.<br> Mushroom Identification: Taxonomic Confusion and the <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/mushroom+ingredients+psilocybin.asp" title="Mushroom Psilocybin Mushroom" alt="Mushroom Psilocybin Mushroom" >Mushroom Psilocybin Mushroom</a> &#80&#111&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#97&#108 &#102&#111&#114 &#68&#101&#97&#100&#108&#121 &#77&#105&#115&#116&#97&#107&#101&#115 61 5. The Bluing Phenomenon and Metol Testing: Reality &#118&#115&#46 &#87&#105&#115&#104&#102&#117&#108 &#84&#104&#105&#110&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#54&#51&#13&#10&#54&#46 Mushroom Cultivation: Classic Findings &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#101&#119 &#84&#101&#99&#104&#110&#105&#113&#117&#101&#115 &#54&#54&#13&#10&#55&#46 Psychotropic Mushroom Species Around the World 77 7.1 Spotlight on North America and Hawaii 79 7.<br>2 Mycophilia in Central and South America 82 7.3 Australia's Mycoflora &#65&#116&#116&#114&#97&#99&#116&#115 &#65&#116&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#56&#52&#13&#10&#55&#46&#52 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 Customs and Conventions &#56&#55&#13&#10&#55&#46&#53 &#74&#97&#112&#97&#110&#101&#115&#101 &#69&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#109&#101&#110&#116&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#57&#51&#13&#10&#55&#46&#54 Intoxications and &#116&#104&#101 &#79&#108&#100&#101&#115&#116 &#75&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#67&#117&#108&#116 in Africa 95 7.7 &#85&#115&#97&#103&#101 &#105&#110 &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104&#101&#97&#115&#116 &#65&#115&#105&#97 and the South Pacific Islands 98 8. Some Comments on Effects of Mushrooms &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#67&#97&#116&#101&#103&#111&#114&#121 &#80&#104&#97&#110&#116&#97&#115&#116&#105&#107&#97 102 9. Psychotherapy 108 10. Outlook 114 11.<br> Bibliography 120 Index &#49&#50&#57&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#50 &#45 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 cubensis from &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#51 &#45 &#87&#97&#116&#101&#114 color &#112&#97&#105&#110&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#102 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 &#115&#117&#98&#98&#97&#108&#116&#101&#97&#116&#117&#115 (Germany, 1927).<br> Figure &#52 &#45 &#70&#114&#101&#115&#104 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 subbalteatus mushrooms. FOREWORD Nobody knows &#112&#114&#101&#99&#105&#115&#101&#108&#121 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 magic mushroom emerged from the shadows of prehistory to enter the light of &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#46&#13&#10&#78&#111&#98&#111&#100&#121 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#115 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 first magic mushroom was &#101&#97&#116&#101&#110 &#98&#121 &#97 &#104&#117&#109&#97&#110 being. Nobody knows just who the first magic mushroom &#101&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#119&#97&#115&#46 &#73&#110&#13&#10&#115&#101&#101&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#97&#110&#115&#119&#101&#114&#115 to these questions, we can only speculate. Mycophobes, however, are quick &#116&#111&#13&#10&#118&#111&#105&#99&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#99&#111&#110&#118&#105&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#111&#110&#108&#121 a fool would &#98&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#99&#107&#108&#101&#115&#115 &#101&#110&#111&#117&#103&#104 &#116&#111 &#119&#97&#110&#116 to attain &#97 &#104&#105&#103&#104&#101&#114 &#115&#116&#97&#116&#101&#13&#10&#111&#102 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115 beyond the boundaries of everyday reality. And &#111&#110&#108&#121 &#97 &#102&#111&#111&#108 &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#97&#116&#116&#101&#109&#112&#116&#13&#10&#116&#111 do this by ingesting those odd little things that mysteriously thrive on decaying, humid soil, rotten &#119&#111&#111&#100 &#97&#110&#100 &#109&#97&#108&#111&#100&#111&#114&#111&#117&#115 &#109&#111&#117&#110&#100&#115 of cow manure. Historically, magic, mushrooms have been feared and hated` since antiquity: magic mushrooms were thought to &#98&#101 &#109&#97&#100&#101 &#102&#114&#111&#109&#13&#10&#112&#111&#105&#115&#111&#110&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 had dripped from serpents' fangs; they were considered to be unclean emissions of evil spirits; moreover, mushrooms were a kn </p> <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/psilocybe+semilanceata+identification+northeastern+US.asp" title="Psilocybe Semilanceata Identification Northeastern Us" alt="Psilocybe Semilanceata Identification Northeastern Us" >Psilocybe Semilanceata Identification Northeastern Us</a> Most recreational users of Psilocybe cubensis (when grown in vitro) require <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/drug+shrooms.asp" title="Drug Shrooms" alt="Drug Shrooms" >Drug Shrooms</a> a &#100&#111&#115&#97&#103&#101 &#111&#102 CATTLE AS A POSSIBLE DISPERSAL MECHANISM FOR PSYCHOACTIVE DUNG FUNGI One may ask the question, "how did these mushrooms arrive in Australia and New Zealand?" Well some species may be endemic,that is, they were already there naturally. Other species such as the above described dung-inhabiting mushrooms most likelyappeared after the introduction of cattle on the subcontinent.The first livestock to arrive in Australia were brought from the Cape of Good Hope in1788, and included 2 bulls and 5 cows, along with other domesticated farm animals. Byl803, the government owned approximately 1800 cattle, most of which were importedfrom the Cape, Calcutta, and the west coast of America. It was during this period thatsome of the visionary mushrooms mentioned in this field guide probably first appeared inAustralia (Unsigned, 1973). According to Australian mycologist John Burton Cleland(1934), "fungi growing in cow or horse-dung and confined to such habitats, must in thecase of Australia, all belong to introduced species". It is believed to have been the SouthAfrican dung beetle which may have actually spread the spores. According to Englishmycologist Roy Watling of the Royal Botanic Gardens in Glasgow, Scotland, "it must beremembered that fungi can change substrate preferences and there are coprophilousfungi on kangaroo droppings etc." Some mycologists who have studied the "magicmushrooms" in Australia and NZ claim that the "use of P. cubensis as a recreational drugtends to confirm the belief that some] farmers in early times may have] added one or two basidiomes gilled mushrooms] to a mealto liven it up and still do] Margot & Watling, 1981)." e creek on wood chips of Carpinus, Alnus and Salix, on raw compost mixtures of Picea, Pinus and Larix needles, as Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Figure 21 - Fruiting curve of Psilocybe cyanescens based on observations at several locations in the former Czechoslovakia. The mycelia make use of different kinds of plant debris and even grow on wet cardboard, where they develop into rhizomorphs just like they would in nature. Rhizomorphs are thick strands of mycelia that serve to transport nutrients and water. They also develop intense blue stains (see Figure 22). Figure 23 Distribution pattern of Psilocybe cyanescens in Germany and adjacent areas (according to Krieglsteiner). Locations are indicated by black dots. Figure 22 Psilocybe bohemica rhizomorphs growing on wet cardboard. Figure 24 - Psilocybe cyanescens at a natural location (USA). Figure 25 - Psilocybe bohemica on twigs and leaves. Impressive Experiences Psilocybe bohemica is a very psychoactive species. Its effects are vividly documented in the following account of one natural scientist's experience as part of controlled clinical trials in Prague: About 30 mg of psilocybin in mushroom tissue was prepared in hot water, with effects already noticeable ten minutes after ingestion. I grew increasingly quiet. At first, my legs began to tingle, then my underarms as well. Aside from a deeper breathing rhythm, few other somatic effects were noted. Initially there were fits of laughter caused by unusual cognitive associations; this laughter also affected the two "sober" guides. A growing hyperacuity interfered with the ability to listen to music, so that Vivaldi's "Springtime" caused painful stabs inside the brain. I compared the pain to that caused by a "sawing knife". The experimenters appeared bloated and yellow... Existing bodily characteristics, such as thinning hair stimulated a person's illusionary transformation into a monk with tonsure. Their voices also appeared reverent and, from a somewhat paranoid point of view, these gentlemen at times seemed to be working a switching station that, for some reasons, was my enemy. At the same time, I found both of them to be quite likeable. During this time period, the other female subject perceived fantastic images of moving colors and saw visions of her whole life unfolding behind closed eyes. During this period, I had the distinct impression that an electrical current was flowing through my body, which was not an uncomfortable sensation. About three hours later, the gentlemen retired to the kitchen and the nature of the experience changed quite drastically. At first I felt as if my legs were increasingly merging into the wall, a very comfortable experience. In a state of utter clarity of consciousness, I finally felt as if I had no body at all. I said. "The most descriptive expression is the experience of a pure soul". Using words as triggers, we were able to induce shared experiences o ecialize in the study of &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#115&#44&#13&#10&#100&#101&#115&#112&#105&#116&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#97&#99&#116 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 semilanceata is &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#109&#111&#115&#116 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#112&#105&#99&#117&#111&#117&#115 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 among the Psilocybes.<br> Also, mushroom lovers whose interests are not purely scientific (see Chapter 7.4) do not &#117&#115&#117&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#114&#118&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#108&#101&#100&#103&#101 for posterity in the form of &#100&#105&#115&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#109&#97&#112&#115&#46&#13&#10&#72&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#105&#115 one map from 1986, which shows the &#100&#105&#115&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#112&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114&#110 &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 across Germany (see Figure 20, p. 28). Almost no &#112&#117&#98&#108&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#102&#111&#114&#109&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#115 &#97&#118&#97&#105&#108&#97&#98&#108&#101&#13&#10&#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 locations where Psilocybe species have been found in eastern Germany.<br> During my own field trips, I have &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#109&#101&#110&#115 &#105&#110 various &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#44 &#115&#117&#99&#104&#13&#10&#97&#115 &#110&#101&#97&#114 &#109&#121 hometown of Mansfeld in the Vorharz Mountains, in the marshlands of Duben &#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#97&#115&#13&#10&#105&#110 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 eastern German marshland areas. In addition, friends &#119&#104&#111 &#97&#114&#101 &#97&#108&#115&#111 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 have told me about finding &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#105&#110 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#13&#10&#112&#97&#114&#116&#115 of the country. A &#98&#111&#111&#107 &#112&#117&#98&#108&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#49&#57&#53&#50 is among the rare sources that includes &#100&#101&#116&#97&#105&#108&#115 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#109&#101&#110&#115 &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#105&#110 the &#115&#111&#117&#116&#104&#101&#97&#115&#116&#101&#114&#110 &#115&#116&#97&#116&#101 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#83&#97&#120&#111&#110&#121 &#40&#115&#101&#101 &#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#49&#54&#44 p. 23). The Psilocybe species grow most abundantly on wet pastures surrounded &#98&#121 &#102&#111&#114&#101&#115&#116&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101&#97&#115&#46 &#73&#110 &#109&#121 experience, Psilocybe semilanceata grows in most of Germany's &#102&#111&#114&#101&#115&#116&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116&#115 &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 the fall, from late September through October. It favors acidic soil and grassy terrain alongside trails or around the edges of forest &#108&#97&#110&#100&#115&#46 &#83&#112&#101&#99&#105&#109&#101&#110&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#99&#108&#117&#115&#116&#101&#114&#101&#100 in small &#103&#114&#111&#117&#112&#115 &#111&#102 &#51&#48 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 or less. Deer droppings or other animal feces are usually present &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#44 &#101&#118&#101&#110 though &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#110&#101&#118&#101&#114 &#103&#114&#111&#119 &#100&#105&#114&#101&#99&#116&#108&#121 &#111&#110 top of &#100&#117&#110&#103&#46&#13&#10&#79&#99&#99&#97&#115&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#101&#120&#116&#114&#101&#109&#101&#108&#121 &#115&#116&#117&#110&#116&#101&#100 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#109&#101&#110&#115 may be found &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#111&#117&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115 &#98&#121 the side of &#116&#104&#101 &#114&#111&#97&#100&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#115&#111&#105&#108 &#98&#101&#108&#111&#119 &#111&#108&#100&#101&#114 cow pastures provides an excellent &#109&#101&#100&#105&#117&#109 &#102&#111&#114 &#101&#120&#116&#101&#110&#115&#105&#118&#101 &#109&#121&#99&#101&#108&#105&#97&#108&#13&#10&#103&#114&#111&#119&#116&#104&#46 In some locations, large areas yield &#97&#110&#13&#10&#97&#98&#117&#110&#100&#97&#110&#99&#101 &#111&#102 &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#98&#111&#100&#105&#101&#115&#44 mirroring the extent of mycelial saturation in the soil. Given adequate moisture, &#109&#97&#120&#105&#109&#117&#109 &#121&#105&#101&#108&#100&#115 &#99&#97&#110 &#98&#101 expected, if the pasture was grazed at least once during the &#119&#101&#101&#107&#115&#13&#10&#98&#101&#102&#111&#114&#101 &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#101&#97&#115&#111&#110&#46 &#72&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magic+mushroom+grow+box.asp" title="Magic Mushroom Grow Box" alt="Magic Mushroom Grow Box" >Magic Mushroom Grow Box</a> the mushrooms also thrive under similar &#99&#111&#110&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#110 &#104&#111&#114&#115&#101 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#115&#104&#101&#101&#112 &#112&#97&#115&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115&#46 &#83&#117&#99&#104 grassy <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/cow+manure+mushrooms.asp" title="Cow Manure Manure" alt="Cow Manure Manure" >Cow Manure Manure</a> &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#105&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101 &#102&#111&#114&#101&#115&#116&#115&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101 &#117&#115&#117&#97&#108&#108&#121 grazing &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#102&#111&#114 &#100&#101&#101&#114&#44 &#119&#104&#111 provide the soil with additional fertilization. &#72&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#100&#111&#101&#115 &#110&#111&#116 grow in locations where artificial fertilizer has been used. Such pastures are often flanked by creeks or swamp lands, which saturate the &#115&#111&#105&#108 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#119&#97&#116&#101&#114&#46 &#68&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 the summertime, the warm climate in these &#119&#101&#116 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115&#13&#10&#112&#114&#111&#118&#105&#100&#101&#115 &#97&#110 &#101&#120&#99&#101&#108&#108&#101&#110&#116 environment for optimal mycelial growth.<br> In &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#39&#115&#13&#10&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#97&#116 &#114&#97&#110&#103&#101&#115 from the coastal areas to mountainous &#114&#101&#103&#105&#111&#110&#115&#44 &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 has &#98&#101&#101&#110&#13&#10&#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#97&#116 &#97&#108&#116&#105&#116&#117&#100&#101&#115 &#111&#102 up to &#49&#44&#55&#50&#48 &#109 &#40&#53&#44&#49&#54&#48 &#102&#116&#41 &#97&#98&#111&#118&#101&#13&#10&#115&#101&#97 level (MTB-8443, &#49&#57&#56&#53&#41&#46 &#73&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#101&#114&#13&#10&#67&#122&#101&#99&#104&#111&#115&#108&#111&#118&#97&#107&#105&#97&#44 &#115&#97&#109&#112&#108&#101&#115 have been collected &#97&#116&#13&#10&#97&#108&#116&#105&#116&#117&#100&#101&#115 &#114&#97&#110&#103&#105&#110&#103 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#51&#51&#48 to 1,000 m (1,000 - went in &#119&#97&#118&#101&#115&#46 &#73&#110&#99&#114&#101&#97&#115&#105&#110&#103&#108&#121&#44 &#97&#108&#108 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#115 in her immediate surroundings coalesced into shades of green.<br> &#84&#104&#101 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#102&#101&#97&#114&#115&#111&#109&#101&#59 the heads of monsters became visible and a wall opened up into an abyss. &#84&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#119&#97&#115 &#97 &#115&#117&#99&#99&#101&#115&#115&#105&#111&#110 of human figure &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97&#110&#105&#109&#97&#108 &#104&#101&#97&#100&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101 next day, everything was back to normal.<br> The oldest child (age 14) &#97&#108&#115&#111&#13&#10&#115&#97&#119 &#104&#101&#114 &#112&#97&#114&#101&#110&#116&#115&#39 &#104&#97&#105&#114 color turn &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#44 &#104&#97&#100 &#100&#105&#108&#97&#116&#101&#100&#13&#10&#112&#117&#112&#105&#108&#115 &#97&#110&#100 watched geometric shapes appear on the wall. The youngest child (age 11) experienced cramps and lost consciousness. In 1960, Singer and &#71&#117&#122&#109&#97&#110 &#115&#117&#103&#103&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100&#13&#10&#116&#104&#97&#116 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 might contain psilocybin, &#98&#101&#99&#97&#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#110&#115&#101 blue staining they had &#111&#98&#115&#101&#114&#118&#101&#100&#46 &#73&#116 &#119&#97&#115&#110&#39&#116 &#117&#110&#116&#105&#108 &#97&#102&#116&#101&#114 the intoxications in Menton had been &#112&#117&#98&#108&#105&#99&#105&#122&#101&#100&#44 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#97 &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104 &#116&#101&#97&#109 working with A. Hofmann detected 0.2% of psilocybin &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#46&#13&#10&#67&#111&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 powerful effects, &#104&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 &#116&#104&#105&#115&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#99&#101&#110&#116&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#115 &#116&#111 be &#116&#111&#111 &#108&#111&#119 &#116&#111 &#99&#97&#117&#115&#101 such impressive reactions. Later on, Sandoz Laboratories reported the level of psilocybin in dried &#115&#97&#109&#112&#108&#101&#115 &#97&#115 &#48&#46&#56&#37&#44 &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 with 1.2% &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#105&#110&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#108&#101&#118&#101&#108 &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#105&#110&#44 however, may have been falsely elevated by &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#111&#102 &#115&#101&#114&#111&#116&#111&#110&#105&#110 and its derivates &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#115&#97&#109&#112&#108&#101 that was being tested. According to Stijve, a <b>Mushrooms Hallucinate From From Horse</b> mushroom sample collected by &#74&#46&#87&#46 &#65&#108&#108&#101&#110 &#105&#110 &#84&#104&#97&#105&#108&#97&#110&#100 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110&#101&#100&#13&#10&#48&#46&#52&#37 - 1.05% of psilocin, with only trace amounts of psilocybin; serotonin was present in large amounts, &#99&#111&#109&#112&#97&#114&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#116&#111 &#99&#111&#110&#99&#101&#110&#116&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#13&#10&#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#105&#110 all Panaeolus species. Apparently, Panaeolus cyanescens produces more psilocin than psilocybin.<br> Still, I was able to detect 0.4% of psilocybin in &#109&#121&#99&#101&#108&#105&#97&#13&#10&#99&#117&#108&#116&#105&#118&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#111&#110 &#109&#97&#108&#116 &#97&#103&#97&#114&#44 with &#110&#111 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#105&#110&#100&#111&#108&#101&#13&#10&#99&#111&#109&#112&#111&#117&#110&#100&#115 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#116&#46&#13&#10&#68&#105&#115&#99&#117&#115&#115&#105&#111&#110 of the &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#13&#10&#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110 &#105&#110&#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101 without pointing out that those subjectively terrifying psychoses reported &#105&#110 &#49&#57&#54&#53 &#99&#97&#110&#110&#111&#116 &#98&#101 attributed to a specific mushroom ingredient, but were likely precipitated by &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#105&#114&#99&#117&#109&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#40&#115&#101&#116 &#97&#110&#100 setting) surrounding the incident. The effects described by J. Allen &#105&#110 &#72&#97&#119&#97&#105&#105 &#97&#102&#116&#101&#114 &#101&#97&#116&#105&#110&#103 20 specimens paint a different picture altogether: With radio music &#112&#108&#97&#121&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#111&#102&#116&#108&#121 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#100&#97&#114&#107&#44 euphoria &#98&#101&#103&#97&#110 &#116&#111 &#99&#111&#109&#101 &#111&#110 in waves. After 20 minutes, visions became so intense that I tried to close my eyes. &#87&#104&#101&#110&#101&#118&#101&#114 &#49 &#100&#105&#100 &#99&#108&#111&#115&#101 my eyes, my eyelids felt as if they were being &#115&#112&#114&#97&#121&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#111&#117&#116&#115&#105&#100&#101&#46 &#67&#111&#108&#111&#114&#115 were sharp and clear, but I &#97&#108&#119&#97&#121&#115 &#113&#117&#105&#99&#107&#108&#121 &#111&#112&#101&#110&#101&#100 &#109&#121 eyes again. Colors were &#100&#97&#110&#99&#105&#110&#103 &#108&#105&#107&#101 &#108&#97&#115&#101&#114 &#98&#101&#97&#109&#115 to the rhythm of the &#109&#117&#115&#105&#99&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#97&#114&#115 &#105&#110 the sky assembled in clusters that &#114&#101&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 &#97&#108&#108 &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#97&#121 &#105&#110&#116&#111 my soul. I was a little scared &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#105&#100&#101&#97 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 ocean water might &#114&#117&#115&#104 &#117&#112 &#97&#108&#108 &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#97&#121 into our hut.<br> Other than that, feelings of euphoria were overwhelming.<br> At times, I was overcome <i>Mushrooms Hallucinate From From Horse</i> by <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/mush+rocks+grow+kit.asp" title="Mush Kit Mush Rocks" alt="Mush Kit Mush Rocks" >Mush Kit Mush Rocks</a> &#102&#105&#116&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#108&#97&#117&#103&#104&#116&#101&#114&#46 &#84&#104&#97&#116 &#110&#105&#103&#104&#116&#44 I slept like "a &#112&#114&#105&#110&#99&#101 &#34&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#13&#10&#102&#111&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#109&#111&#114&#110&#105&#110&#103 I &#103&#97&#116&#104&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#117&#112 &#109&#121 &#98&#101&#108&#111&#110&#103&#105&#110&#103&#115&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 had &#116&#111 &#119&#97&#108&#107 &#98&#97&#99&#107 &#97&#99&#114&#111&#115&#115 the pasture where I had &#99&#111&#108&#108&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#116&#104&#101 day &#98&#101&#102&#111&#114&#101&#46 &#73&#13&#10&#110&#111&#116&#105&#99&#101&#100 &#97 &#108&#111&#116 o , and who gorge themselves on our tax dollars. I met Jochen Gartz shortly after the fall of the Berlin Wall at the third symposium of the European College for the Study of Consciousness (ECSC) in Freiburg, Germany. Our encounter was my first contact with a researcher from the former East Germany. Jochen Gartz's enthusiastic lecture was a truly consciousnessexpanding event, his words breaking down traditional borders and crossing over into new territory. The magic mushrooms spoke through him - with no trace of dogma or ideology - in the tradition of true anarchy that is the hallmark of mushroom magic. What I heard was unbelievable. Jochen spoke of a "new" psychedelic mushroom and its migration. The mycelia had spread in concentric circles outward from Leipzig, jumping all political borders. Finally, when the mycelia reached West German soil, the hated Berlin Wall crumbled. Could there possibly be a connection between the evolution of the magic mushroom and the evolution of our consciousness? Could a mushroom have contributed to the resolution of our political conflicts? In the past, politicians, even popes, had their own jesters and magicians, who functioned as pressure release valves in the machinations of political power struggles. It is obvious that a country whose chancellor is being pelted with eggs, urgently needs a new breed of magician who are able to readjust reality. But today, no aspiring magician should go about this task without this book as a guide for the wondrous journey into the realm of magic mushrooms. Christian Rdtsch Figure 5 - "Anthropomorphic Beings Engaged in Mushroom Dance" 10,000-year-old rock drawing in Tassili, Sahara (Algeria) CHAPTER 1 I BELIEVE THE TIME HAS COME FOR A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF NEW FINDINGS FROM THE FIELDS OF MYCOLOGY, TAXONOMY AND NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY When R.G. Wasson, R. Heim and A. Hofmann began their interdisciplinary research program to study the Mexican species of mushrooms and their usage in Mexican mushroom cults, their efforts culminated in a 1958 landmark report that described the isolation, molecular structure and synthesis of the mushrooms' active ingredients: psilocybin and psilocin. Several years later, these substances were also identified in a species of mushroom in Europe, Psilocybe semilanceata, which became the first in a series of newly discovered species. Since then, psychoactive mushrooms from other genera have been reported with increasing frequency. As part of my analytical work dedicated to the identification of naturally occurring chemicals, I had the good fortune to be part of a research team that studied alkaloids found in a variety of mushroom species. Now I believe the time has come for a comprehensive review of new findings from the fields of mycology, taxonomy and natural products chemistry. Wasson and his successors have already provided detailed accounts pertaining to the history and study of the Me This document provides complete directions for cultivating psilocybin Most users of the psychoactive visionary mushrooms have very little knowledge of their scientific names. Instead, they have given their favorite species local epithets which are commonly used by those who collect and ingest them. Some of these popular names are also known and applied by users outside of Australia and NZ. "Magic Mushrooms" is the most common term applied to any mushroom which contains psilocybine and/or psilocine. It was invented by a Life Magazine editor in l957 ( see Wasson, l957). Psilocybe cubensis is known in Australia as "golden tops", "gold tops" or sometimes "gold caps." The Australian epithets may have been given to this species by members of a local, drugusing group of surfers which frequented the Gold Coast region of Eastern Australia; however, some of these names have apparently been used to describe several different species of Psilocybe by users in Australia (see Allen, 1997). As mentioned above, Psilocybe cubensis is not known to occur in New Zealand. Those who ingest Copelandia cyanescens, known in Australia and New Zealand as "blue meanies", also refer to this species as "Blue Legs", "golden tops" or "gold caps". The latter two nicknames, as well as "dimple tops" and "cone heads", are common terms applied to Copelandia cyanescens in the Hawaiian Islands; and some of these same popular names have also been used by visiting surfers from both New Zealand and Australia, to describe the macroscopic characteristics of Copelandia cyanescens. These same surfers visiting Hawaii's North Shore have reportedly ingested mushrooms prior to surfing, as do many of the locally based surfers in Australia and NZ. as well. Below are some excerpts from his research protocols: J.H. (a 24-year-old male) ingested four cooked mushrooms at night, after a meal (!), and then ate another three fresh mushrooms 30 minutes later. This was followed by regurgitation, and 45 minutes later, he started to sweat profusely all over his head and body. His pulse rate and breathing were accelerated, but slowed down later on. He laid down and experienced visual hallucinations, which caused him to panic and to run a distance of about 1,200 ft. to consult the nearest doctor. The physician noted widely dilated pupils, and proceeded to have the patient's stomach pumped and then prescribed laxatives. Three hours later, the abnormal state had largely subsided; by the next morning, there was no evidence of any other side effects. M.K. (a 22-year-old male) ate just one fresh mushroom, which had no effects at all. K .Y. (a 31-year-old male) ate five mushrooms. Regurgitation occurred 30 minutes after ingestion, followed by sweating around the head and body; his extremities appeared to be slightly paralyzed. This paralysis persisted for another three hours. During this time, the subject had great difficulties handling a pen for writing, his mood was depressed and he experienced hallucinations, such as colorful lights flooding down from the sky. By the following morning, all of these effects had dissipated. The fresh fruiting bodies were bitter, a taste that disappeared after the mushrooms had been cooked in water. The above experiments are rather amateurish, and the descriptions of results are heavily influenced by a simplistic perspective which assumes that the mushrooms's pharmacological effects proceed along a single, narrow track. Still, these accounts demonstrate that comparable dosages of Japanese mushroom species have psychotropic effects similar to those caused by Psilocybe species found on other continents. Much work still remains to be done in the areas of phytochemistry and taxonomy before the body of knowledge about psychotropic mushroom species in Japan can grow to become adequate. The geographic distribution and ingredients of the Japanese Panaeolus species must also be studied further. For instance, Panaeolus subbalteatus is one of the species that are growing on several Japanese islands today. CHAPTER 7.6 INTOXICATIONS AND THE OLDEST KNOWN MUSHROOM CULT IN AFRICA So far, the mycoflora of the African continent has been studied only peripherally and remains largely unknown. During the late 1980s, Italian mycologist G. Samorini and Terence McKenna, working independently, found evidence for the oldest known mushroom cult in Africa. Their discoveries were not just sensational, but most surprising as well. On the other hand, it really shouldn't come as a surprise that the oldest traces of human contact with mushrooms were found on the very continent known as the cradle of humanity. 10,000 Years Old From 9,000 to As they say, ʼTis the season to be pickingʼ, but make &#73&#116 &#104&#97&#115 &#98&#101&#101&#110 suggested &#98&#121 &#97&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110 &#112&#104&#121&#115&#105&#99&#105&#97&#110 that the general public in Australia, as well as members of &#105&#116&#115 &#100&#114&#117&#103 &#117&#115&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#117&#98&#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#44 first became aware of the visionary properties &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 by a visiting &#115&#117&#114&#102&#101&#114&#40&#115&#41&#44 &#119&#104&#111 &#99&#97&#109&#101 &#102&#114&#111&#109 either New &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100 &#111&#114 &#116&#104&#101 &#85&#110&#105&#116&#101&#100 &#83&#116&#97&#116&#101&#115 (Hawaii) and most likely &#112&#114&#111&#118&#105&#100&#101&#100 &#101&#116&#104&#110&#111&#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#105&#110&#102&#111&#114&#109&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#116&#111 local surfers (McCarthy, 1971). This physician reported &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 mushrooms, as well as 21 other &#100&#114&#117&#103&#115 &#34&#119&#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#100&#101&#109&#111&#110&#115&#116&#114&#97&#116&#101&#100 during a survey on &#100&#114&#117&#103 &#97&#98&#117&#115&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#119&#97&#115 conducted in Southern Queensland during l969." This survey relied on interviews of <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/buy+magic+mushroom+online.asp" title="Buy Magic Mushroom Online" alt="Buy Magic Mushroom Online" >Buy Magic Mushroom Online</a> &#53&#49 &#112&#101&#111&#112&#108&#101 &#98&#101&#108&#111&#110&#103&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 "the `surfer' subculture local beach resorts". In this report, the doctor believed that "although the survey involved surfers and their female friends, there is &#110&#111 &#115&#117&#103&#103&#101&#115&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 use of these drugs is confined to this group, which constitutes but a proportion of &#111&#117&#114 &#40&#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110&#41 &#121&#111&#117&#110&#103 &#100&#114&#117&#103 taking community." It &#105&#115 &#116&#104&#117&#115 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#97&#116 word-of-mouth communication made a significant &#99&#111&#110&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#105&#110&#99&#114&#101&#97&#115&#105&#110&#103 use of "magic &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#34 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 NZ. xican mushroom species, so that these materials need not be repeated in this context. However, certain aspects concerning the more recent uses of these mushrooms as well as their conditions of growth will receive more detailed attention in later chapters. The main purpose of this book is to inspire further study of these mushrooms, particularly basic research efforts and medical applications of magic mushroom ingredients. The extensive bibliography will help scientists and other interested mycophiles to further immerse themselves in this complex area of study. Jochen Gartz Figure 6 - Bronze doors with mushroom motif entitled "Trial and Judgment" at Hildesheim Cathedral, Germany (ca. 1020). CHAPTER 2 REFLECTIONS ON THE HISTORY AND SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF MAGIC MUSHROOMS It is remarkable that cultures native to the American continent knew about a relatively large number of natural mind-altering substances compared to early cultures that evolved in Europe or Asia. Botanical evidence does not support the notion that Europe is home to fewer hallucinogenic plants than other regions. Furthermore, the growing number of recently discovered European mushroom species containing psilocybin indicate a flourishing psychotropic mycoflora in Europe similar to those found in other countries. It is unlikely that early European cultures learned less about local plants and mushrooms through usage and experience than cultures elsewhere in the world. Most likely, early cultural knowledge of European psychoactive plants and mushrooms was lost or destroyed at some time in history, probably as early as several hundred years ago. The discovery that the fly agaric mushroom (Amanita muscaria) was known for its psychoactive properties in Siberia invited the conclusion that this mushroom was used as a psychotropic agent in medieval Europe as well. In fact, there is very little evidence from the Middle Ages to indicate widespread knowledge of the effects of specific mushrooms on human consciousness. However, I believe that past reports on psychoactive mushrooms were causally linked to Amanita muscaria simply because this was the only known psychotropic mushroom in Europe at that time. While the usage of Amanita muscaria among Siberian tribes has generated reports of spectacular hallucinations, European accounts of fly agaric intoxications do not generally include descriptions of such intensely hallucinatory effects. Accordingly, the potent hallucinogenic effects of specific Psilocybes and related species are likely to have had a much more significant influence on early European cultures than the delirium-like visions induced by Amanita muscaria, a species that is also known to induce unconsciousness and severe somatic side effects. This hypothesis is corroborated by data from comprehensive field studies conducted in Mexico. I believe that historic accounts including those described below - indicate a knowledge of own cause of death and disease, bloated stomachs and insanity. Beliefs such as these have survived to the present day. They persist, for example,,, as figures of speech, s u c h as the slick Austrian description of a societal misfit as someone "who ate those madness-inducing mushrooms." But, there is another, very different, magic mushroom legacy as well. Flesh of the Gods for Devil Worshippers The Old World. Mycenaean civilization began with a mushroom trip -Mushrooms were an ingredient in the ambrosia of Dionysus. Porphyrius, the fourth century Latin poet and contemporary of Emperor Konstantin, knew that magic mushrooms were the children of the gods. WHO WAS THE FIRST MAGICIAN? A quasi-cannibalistic ritual, the act of eating the children of the gods unlocked one's power to experience the truly divine. But not all mushrooms enable human beings to enter the realm of divine consciousness. This magic power resides in only those fungi known as "fool's mushrooms", which were considered poisonous and believed to be the spawn of the Devil throughout the late Middle Ages and well into modern times. The New World: The Aztecs in Mexico referred to a number of small, inconspicuous mushrooms as teonartacatl, or "flesh of the Gods." These sacred mushrooms were eaten during the course of rituals intended to contact the Gods in order to learn about the world and the realm of the divine. These magic mushroom rituals thoroughly spooked the Catholic Spaniards. The mushroom eaters, commonly thought of as Devil worshippers, were hounded by the Inquisition. Still, all good things survive the tests of time, so the cult of magic mushroom eaters did not become extinct. Like mycelia underground, the cult continued to flourish, and at the proper time in recorded history, in 1957, the fruit of the fully grown mushroom re-surfaced to draw widespread public attention. Valentine and Gordon Wasson became the heroes of the modern neo-mycophilic movement. Back to the Old World: The revelations and insights gained from the use of psychoactive mushrooms were so magically wonderful, that our native European "fool's mushrooms" - which were gene ; considered inedible - had to be recognized as closely related to the magic mushrooms of Mexico, the flesh of the Aztec Gods. The souls of magic mushrooms in Mexico and Germany are essentially made from the same substance: psilocybin. Jochen Gartz has made an extraordinary contribution to the field of mycology by embracing Germany's magic mushrooms and the scientific study and testing of these fungi. The research efforts upon which this book is based require nothing less than a fearless, brave and courageous consciousness, free of prejudice and mycophobia. I am convinced that a researcher's consciousness infused by the spirit of the magic mushroom is capable of far deeper scientific insights than we can ever expect from the usual ivory tower academics, isolated from reality <p align="justify"> More than &#104&#97&#108&#102 &#111&#102 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#39&#115 &#98&#101&#101&#102 cattle can &#98&#101 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 coastal areas of Queensland and New South Wales; and &#116&#104&#101 &#50&#48 &#116&#111 &#51&#48 inch (500-750mm) rainfall &#98&#101&#108&#116 &#111&#102 &#81&#117&#101&#101&#110&#115&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#78&#101&#119 South &#87&#97&#108&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#111&#114&#116&#104&#101&#114&#110 &#86&#105&#99&#116&#111&#114&#105&#97&#44 generally provide adequate climatic environments for the growth &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#97&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#44 &#101&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 after heavy rains.<br> It has been suggested &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#34&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#119&#97&#115 introduced into Australia accidentally by early settlers along with their livestock." This same spore dispersal mechanism also &#112&#114&#111&#98&#97&#98&#108&#121 &#97&#112&#112&#108&#105&#101&#115 &#116&#111 &#67&#111&#112&#101&#108&#97&#110&#100&#105&#97 cyanescens, Panaeolus subbalteatus and several additional species known &#116&#111 &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114 &#105&#110 &#111&#114 around the dung of other &#114&#117&#109&#105&#110&#97&#110&#116&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#105&#110&#99&#108&#117&#100&#101&#115 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 semilanceata and the non-hallucinogenic "haymaker's" mushroom Panaeolina foenisecii. While cattle are &#114&#97&#105&#115&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#97&#108&#108 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110 states, as well <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/horsemanuremagicmushrooms.asp" title="Horsemanuremagicmushrooms" alt="Horsemanuremagicmushrooms" >Horsemanuremagicmushrooms</a> as &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#114&#97&#108 &#108&#111&#119&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115&#44 recreational users &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111 export &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#112&#116&#105&#99 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#116&#111 &#118&#97&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 from areas where they were collected. In the case &#111&#102 &#78&#101&#119 &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#104&#101&#114&#101&#97&#102&#116&#101&#114 referred to as &#78&#90&#44 &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101 primary source for Copelandia cyanescens, but the "liberty cap" mushroom Psilocybe semilanceata only grows &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#110&#117&#114&#101&#100 &#115&#111&#105&#108 of four-legged &#114&#117&#109&#105&#110&#97&#110&#116&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#110&#111&#116 &#100&#105&#114&#101&#99&#116&#108&#121 from manure &#40&#74&#97&#110&#115&#101&#110&#44 &#80&#101&#114&#115&#46 &#67&#111&#109&#109&#46&#44 &#49&#57&#56&#56&#41&#46 The identification section of this guide documents &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#102&#111&#114 &#109&#111&#114&#101 than 1 dozen species of &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#97&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 and &#78&#90 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121 have been used &#97&#116 &#111&#110&#101 &#116&#105&#109&#101 &#111&#114 another for recreational &#112&#117&#114&#112&#111&#115&#101&#115&#46 </p> <div align="justify"> It has been suggested &#98&#121 &#97&#110 <H3> compare shrooms varieties colorful vs euphoric</H3> &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110 &#112&#104&#121&#115&#105&#99&#105&#97&#110 that the general public in Australia, as well as members of its drug using subculture, first &#98&#101&#99&#97&#109&#101 &#97&#119&#97&#114&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#97&#114&#121 properties of &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#98&#121 a visiting surfer(s), &#119&#104&#111 &#99&#97&#109&#101 &#102&#114&#111&#109 <u> magic mushroom season</u> &#101&#105&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#78&#101&#119 Zealand or &#116&#104&#101 &#85&#110&#105&#116&#101&#100 &#83&#116&#97&#116&#101&#115 &#40&#72&#97&#119&#97&#105&#105&#41 and most likely provided &#101&#116&#104&#110&#111&#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#105&#110&#102&#111&#114&#109&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#116&#111 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/mushroons+in+cow+compost.asp" title="Mushroons In Cow Compost" alt="Mushroons In Cow Compost" >Mushroons In Cow Compost</a> &#108&#111&#99&#97&#108 surfers (McCarthy, 1971). This physician reported &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 mushrooms, as well as 21 other drugs "was well demonstrated during &#97 &#115&#117&#114&#118&#101&#121 &#111&#110 &#100&#114&#117&#103 abuse that <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/cowmanuremushrooms.asp" title="Cowmanuremushrooms" alt="Cowmanuremushrooms" >Cowmanuremushrooms</a> was conducted in Southern Queensland during l969." This survey relied on interviews &#111&#102 &#53&#49 &#112&#101&#111&#112&#108&#101 &#98&#101&#108&#111&#110&#103&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 "the `surfer' subculture local &#98&#101&#97&#99&#104 &#114&#101&#115&#111&#114&#116&#115&#34&#46 &#73&#110 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#44 the doctor believed that "although &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#117&#114&#118&#101&#121 &#105&#110&#118&#111&#108&#118&#101&#100 &#115&#117&#114&#102&#101&#114&#115 &#97&#110&#100 their female friends, there is no &#115&#117&#103&#103&#101&#115&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#117&#115&#101 of these drugs is confined to this group, which constitutes but &#97 &#112&#114&#111&#112&#111&#114&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#111&#117&#114 (Australian) young drug taking community." It &#105&#115 &#116&#104&#117&#115 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#97&#116 word-of-mouth communication made a significant &#99&#111&#110&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#105&#110&#99&#114&#101&#97&#115&#105&#110&#103 use of "magic &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#34 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 NZ. </div> The Mazatec &#73&#110&#100&#105&#97&#110&#115&#44 hillucination mushrooms on cow poop &#119&#104&#111 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#97 long tradition of using the mushrooms, inhabit a range of mountains called the &#83&#105&#101&#114&#114&#97 &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#101&#99&#97 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 northeastern &#99&#111&#114&#110&#101&#114 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#77&#101&#120&#105&#99&#97&#110 &#115&#116&#97&#116&#101 of Oaxaca. The &#115&#104&#97&#109&#97&#110&#115 &#105&#110 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/visionwhileonmushrooms.asp" title="Visionwhileonmushrooms" alt="Visionwhileonmushrooms" >Visionwhileonmushrooms</a> &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#101&#115&#115&#97&#121 are &#97&#108&#108 &#110&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 town of Huautla de Jimenez. Properly speaking they are Huautecans; but since the language they speak has been <H1> hillucination mushrooms on cow poop</H1> called Mazatec and they have been referred to in the previous anthropological literature as &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#101&#99&#115&#44 &#73 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#114&#101&#116&#97&#105&#110&#101&#100 that name, though strictly speaking, Mazatecs <u> hillucination mushrooms on cow poop</u> &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#105&#110&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#97&#110&#116&#115 &#111&#102 the &#118&#105&#108&#108&#97&#103&#101 &#111&#102 &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#108&#97&#110 &#105&#110 the same mountains. <div align="center"> There are more than 1 dozen species of "magic mushrooms" in Australia and &#78&#101&#119 &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100&#46 &#70&#111&#117&#114 &#111&#102 these &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#100&#117&#110&#103 &#40&#109&#97&#110&#117&#114&#101&#41 inhabiting &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#121 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/lib.asp" title="Lib" alt="Lib" >Lib</a> &#105&#110&#99&#108&#117&#100&#101 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 cubensis &#97&#110&#100&#47&#111&#114 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#40&#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#97&#115 "gold caps" and/or &#34&#103&#111&#108&#100 &#116&#111&#112&#115&#34&#41&#44 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#97&#101&#114&#117&#103&#105&#110&#111&#115&#97&#44 and &#67&#111&#112&#101&#108&#97&#110&#100&#105&#97 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#40&#116&#104&#101 &#108&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114 &#105&#115 known locally as "blue &#109&#101&#97&#110&#105&#101&#115&#34&#41&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#102&#111&#117&#114 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 contain &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#105&#110&#100 &#97&#108&#116&#101&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#97&#108&#107&#97&#108&#111&#105&#100&#115 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#101 and psilocine and are &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99 mushrooms in Australia. In &#78&#101&#119 &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#111&#115&#116 commonly used species are Copelandia cyanescens and Psilocybe semilanceata, the latter species &#105&#115 &#114&#101&#99&#111&#103&#110&#105&#122&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#101 world &#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#34&#108&#105&#98&#101&#114&#116&#121 &#99&#97&#112&#34&#41&#46 This species only &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114&#115 &#105&#110 &#109&#97&#110&#117&#114&#101&#100 &#115&#111&#105&#108 &#97&#110&#100 does not grow directly from &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#117&#110&#103 &#111&#102 &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101&#44 sheep or &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#102&#111&#117&#114 &#108&#101&#103&#103&#101&#100 &#102&#97&#114&#109 animals. Psilocybe cubensis the most <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/mushrooms+with+bronze+caps.asp" title="Mushrooms With Bronze Caps" alt="Mushrooms With Bronze Caps" >Mushrooms With Bronze Caps</a> popular of &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 &#105&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 throughout &#109&#117&#99&#104 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#111&#114&#108&#100&#59 however, &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#105&#115 &#110&#111&#116 known to occur in &#78&#101&#119 &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100&#46 &#79&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 described in this guide are &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111 &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114 &#105&#110 manured soil, in pastures, meadows, grazing &#108&#97&#110&#100&#115&#44 &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#108&#97&#119&#110&#115 &#97&#110&#100 in &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#97&#114&#107 &#109&#117&#108&#99&#104 &#97&#110&#100 woodchips &#111&#102 &#100&#101&#99&#105&#100&#117&#111&#117&#115 &#119&#111&#111&#100&#115&#46 </div> as well. Below are some excerpts from his research protocols: J.H. (a 24-year-old male) ingested four cooked mushrooms at night, after a meal (!), and then ate another three fresh mushrooms 30 minutes later. This was followed by regurgitation, and 45 minutes later, he started to sweat profusely all over his head and body. His pulse rate and breathing were accelerated, but slowed down later on. He laid down and experienced visual hallucinations, which caused him to panic and to run a distance of about 1,200 ft. to consult the nearest doctor. The physician noted widely dilated pupils, and proceeded to have the patient's stomach pumped and then prescribed laxatives. Three hours later, the abnormal state had largely subsided; by the next morning, there was no evidence of any other side effects. M.K. (a 22-year-old male) ate just one fresh mushroom, which had no effects at all. K .Y. (a 31-year-old male) ate five mushrooms. Regurgitation occurred 30 minutes after ingestion, followed by sweating around the head and body; his extremities appeared to be slightly paralyzed. This paralysis persisted for another three hours. During this time, the subject had great difficulties handling a pen for writing, his mood was depressed and he experienced hallucinations, such as colorful lights flooding down from the sky. By the following morning, all of these effects had dissipated. The fresh fruiting bodies were bitter, a taste that disappeared after the mushrooms had been cooked in water. The above experiments are rather amateurish, and the descriptions of results are heavily influenced by a simplistic perspective which assumes that the mushrooms's pharmacological effects proceed along a single, narrow track. Still, these accounts demonstrate that comparable dosages of Japanese mushroom species have psychotropic effects similar to those caused by Psilocybe species found on other continents. Much work still remains to be done in the areas of phytochemistry and taxonomy before the body of knowledge about psychotropic mushroom species in Japan can grow to become adequate. The geographic distribution and ingredients of the Japanese Panaeolus species must also be studied further. For instance, Panaeolus subbalteatus is one of the species that are growing on several Japanese islands today. CHAPTER 7.6 INTOXICATIONS AND THE OLDEST KNOWN MUSHROOM CULT IN AFRICA So far, the mycoflora of the African continent has been studied only peripherally and remains largely unknown. During the late 1980s, Italian mycologist G. Samorini and Terence McKenna, working independently, found evidence for the oldest known mushroom cult in Africa. Their discoveries were not just sensational, but most surprising as well. On the other hand, it really shouldn't come as a surprise that the oldest traces of human contact with mushrooms were found on the very continent known as the cradle of humanity. 10,000 Years Old From 9,000 to <div align="left"> , and who gorge themselves on our tax dollars. I met Jochen Gartz shortly after the fall &#111&#102&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#66&#101&#114&#108&#105&#110 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/identifying+magic+mushrooms/" title="Identifying Magic Mushrooms" alt="Identifying Magic Mushrooms" >Identifying Magic Mushrooms</a> &#87&#97&#108&#108 &#97&#116 the &#116&#104&#105&#114&#100 &#115&#121&#109&#112&#111&#115&#105&#117&#109 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 College for &#116&#104&#101 &#83&#116&#117&#100&#121 &#111&#102 &#67&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#13&#10&#40&#69&#67&#83&#67&#41 in Freiburg, &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#46 &#79&#117&#114 <b> mushroons that grow in cow compost</b> &#101&#110&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#101&#114 &#119&#97&#115&#13&#10&#109&#121 first contact with a researcher from the &#102&#111&#114&#109&#101&#114&#13&#10&#69&#97&#115&#116 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#46 &#74&#111&#99&#104&#101&#110 &#71&#97&#114&#116&#122&#39&#115 enthusiastic lecture was a truly consciousnessexpanding event, his words breaking down traditional &#98&#111&#114&#100&#101&#114&#115 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#99&#114&#111&#115&#115&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#118&#101&#114 &#105&#110&#116&#111 new territory.<br> &#84&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#115&#112&#111&#107&#101 &#116&#104&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104 him <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/www+magicgrowingmushrooms+com.asp" title="Www Magicgrowingmushrooms Com" alt="Www Magicgrowingmushrooms Com" >Www Magicgrowingmushrooms Com</a> - with &#110&#111 &#116&#114&#97&#99&#101 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#100&#111&#103&#109&#97 &#111&#114 ideology - in the tradition of true &#97&#110&#97&#114&#99&#104&#121 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#105&#115 &#116&#104&#101 hallmark of mushroom &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#46 &#87&#104&#97&#116 &#73 &#104&#101&#97&#114&#100 was unbelievable. Jochen spoke of &#97 &#34&#110&#101&#119&#34 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#101&#100&#101&#108&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 its migration. &#84&#104&#101 &#109&#121&#99&#101&#108&#105&#97 &#104&#97&#100 &#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100 in concentric circles &#111&#117&#116&#119&#97&#114&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#76&#101&#105&#112&#122&#105&#103&#44 &#106&#117&#109&#112&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#97&#108&#108 political borders. Finally, when the mycelia reached West German soil, the hated &#66&#101&#114&#108&#105&#110 &#87&#97&#108&#108&#13&#10&#99&#114&#117&#109&#98&#108&#101&#100&#46 &#67&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 possibly be &#97 &#99&#111&#110&#110&#101&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#98&#101&#116&#119&#101&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#118&#111&#108&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 of the magic mushroom and the evolution of our consciousness? Could &#97&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 resolution of our political &#99&#111&#110&#102&#108&#105&#99&#116&#115&#63&#13&#10&#73&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#97&#115&#116&#44 &#112&#111&#108&#105&#116&#105&#99&#105&#97&#110&#115&#44 even popes, had their own &#106&#101&#115&#116&#101&#114&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#105&#97&#110&#115&#44 &#119&#104&#111 functioned as pressure &#114&#101&#108&#101&#97&#115&#101 &#118&#97&#108&#118&#101&#115 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#99&#104&#105&#110&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#112&#111&#108&#105&#116&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#112&#111&#119&#101&#114 struggles. It is &#111&#98&#118&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#97&#13&#10&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#114&#121 &#119&#104&#111&#115&#101 chancellor is being pelted with eggs, urgently needs &#97 &#110&#101&#119 &#98&#114&#101&#101&#100 &#111&#102 magician who are able to readjust reality. But today, no aspiring magician should go about this task without &#116&#104&#105&#115&#13&#10&#98&#111&#111&#107 &#97&#115 &#97 &#103&#117&#105&#100&#101 for the wondrous journey into the realm &#111&#102 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#46&#13&#10&#67&#104&#114&#105&#115&#116&#105&#97&#110 &#82&#100&#116&#115&#99&#104&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#53 &#45 "Anthropomorphic Beings Engaged in Mushroom &#68&#97&#110&#99&#101&#34&#13&#10&#49&#48&#44&#48&#48&#48&#45&#121&#101&#97&#114&#45&#111&#108&#100 &#114&#111&#99&#107 &#100&#114&#97&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#110 &#84&#97&#115&#115&#105&#108&#105&#44 Sahara (Algeria) CHAPTER 1 I BELIEVE &#84&#72&#69 &#84&#73&#77&#69 &#72&#65&#83 &#67&#79&#77&#69 FOR &#65 &#67&#79&#77&#80&#82&#69&#72&#69&#78&#83&#73&#86&#69 &#82&#69&#86&#73&#69&#87 &#79&#70 NEW FINDINGS &#70&#82&#79&#77 &#84&#72&#69 &#70&#73&#69&#76&#68&#83 &#79&#70 MYCOLOGY, TAXONOMY AND &#78&#65&#84&#85&#82&#65&#76&#13&#10&#80&#82&#79&#68&#85&#67&#84&#83 &#67&#72&#69&#77&#73&#83&#84&#82&#89&#13&#10&#87&#104&#101&#110 &#82&#46&#71&#46 &#87&#97&#115&#115&#111&#110&#44 R. Heim and A. Hofmann &#98&#101&#103&#97&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#100&#105&#115&#99&#105&#112&#108&#105&#110&#97&#114&#121 &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104&#13&#10&#112&#114&#111&#103&#114&#97&#109 to study the Mexican species of mushrooms and their &#117&#115&#97&#103&#101 &#105&#110 &#77&#101&#120&#105&#99&#97&#110&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#115&#44 their efforts culminated in a 1958 landmark report &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#105&#115&#111&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#44&#13&#10&#109&#111&#108&#101&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114 structure and synthesis of the mushrooms' active ingredients: psilocybin and psilocin.<br> Several years later, these substances were &#97&#108&#115&#111 &#105&#100&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#97 species &#111&#102 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#44 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 semilanceata, which became &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#105&#110 &#97 &#115&#101&#114&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#102 newly discovered species. Since then, psychoactive mushrooms &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 pictures of goldtop mushrooms &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#13&#10&#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 reported with increasing frequency.<br> As part of my analytical work dedicated to the identification of naturally occurring chemicals, &#73 &#104&#97&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#103&#111&#111&#100 fortune to &#98&#101 &#112&#97&#114&#116 &#111&#102 &#97&#13&#10&#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104 team &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#115&#116&#117&#100&#105&#101&#100 &#97&#108&#107&#97&#108&#111&#105&#100&#115 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 in &#97&#13&#10&#118&#97&#114&#105&#101&#116&#121 &#111&#102 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 Now I <u> identifying magic mushrooms in queensland</u> &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#116&#105&#109&#101 &#104&#97&#115 &#99&#111&#109&#101 for a &#99&#111&#109&#112&#114&#101&#104&#101&#110&#115&#105&#118&#101 &#114&#101&#118&#105&#101&#119 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#110&#101&#119 &#102&#105&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103&#115 from the fields of &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#121&#44&#13&#10&#116&#97&#120&#111&#110&#111&#109&#121 &#97&#110&#100 <H3> pictures of goldtop mushrooms</H3> &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108 &#112&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#116&#115 chemistry. Wasson and his successors have already provided detailed accounts pertaining to the &#104&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#121 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#115&#116&#117&#100&#121 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 Me </div> </p> <h1 id="cross-browser"> hallucinate mushrooms from horse manure @ 7/30/2010 4:51:22 PM</h1> <p></p> <h1 id="stylesheets"></h1> <p>The first livestock to arrive in Australia were brought from the Cape of Good Hope in JOCHEN GARTZ MAGIC MUSHROOMS Around the World A Scientific Journey Across Cultures and Time The Case for Challenging Research and Value Systems * LIS PUBLICATIONS * LOS ANGELES, CA* Figure 1 - Water Color Painting of Psilocybe semilanceata (Germany, 1927) TABLE OF CONTENT (With Active Links' Just Click On A Subject To Go To The Page) "Who Was the First Magician?" - Foreword by Christian Ratsch 7 1. Introduction 9 2. Reflections on the History and Scientific Study of Magic Mushrooms 10 3. The Current State of Knowledge About European Species 14 3.1 Psilocybe semilanceata: The Classic Species Among European Psychotropic Mushrooms 16 3.2 Psilocybe cyanescens: Potent Mushrooms Growing on Wood Debris 29 3.3 Panaeolus subbalteatus: Mycology and Myths about the Panaeolus Species 37 3.4 Inocybe aeruginascens: Fast-Spreading New Arrivals 44 3.5 Gymnopilus purpuratus: Magnificent Mushrooms from South America 51 3.6 Conocybe cyanopus: Tiny Mushrooms of Remarkable Potency 55 3.7 Pluteus salicinus: A Little-known Wood-Inhabiting Species 58 4. Mushroom Identification: Taxonomic Confusion and the Potential for Deadly Mistakes 61 5. The Bluing Phenomenon and Metol Testing: Reality vs. Wishful Thinking 63 6. Mushroom Cultivation: Classic Findings and New Techniques 66 7. Psychotropic Mushroom Species Around the World 77 7.1 Spotlight on North America and Hawaii 79 7.2 Mycophilia in Central and South America 82 7.3 Australia's Mycoflora Attracts Attention 84 7.4 European Customs and Conventions 87 7.5 Japanese Experimentation 93 7.6 Intoxications and the Oldest Known Mushroom Cult in Africa 95 7.7 Usage in Southeast Asia and the South Pacific Islands 98 8. Some Comments on Effects of Mushrooms from the Category Phantastika 102 9. Psychotherapy 108 10. Outlook 114 11. Bibliography 120 Index 129 Figure 2 - Psilocybe cubensis from Australia Figure 3 - Water color painting of Panaeolus subbalteatus (Germany, 1927). Figure 4 - Fresh Panaeolus subbalteatus mushrooms. FOREWORD Nobody knows precisely when the first magic mushroom emerged from the shadows of prehistory to enter the light of consciousness. Nobody knows when the first magic mushroom was eaten by a human being. Nobody knows just who the first magic mushroom eater was. In seeking answers to these questions, we can only speculate. Mycophobes, however, are quick to voice their conviction that only a fool would be reckless enough to want to attain a higher state of consciousness beyond the boundaries of everyday reality. And only a fool would attempt to do this by ingesting those odd little things that mysteriously thrive on decaying, humid soil, rotten wood and malodorous mounds of cow manure. Historically, magic, mushrooms have been feared and hated` since antiquity: magic mushrooms were thought to be made from poisons that had dripped from serpents' fangs; they were considered to be unclean emissions of evil spirits; moreover, mushrooms were a kn as well. Below are some excerpts from his research protocols: J.H. (a 24-year-old male) ingested four cooked mushrooms at night, after a meal (!), and then ate another three fresh mushrooms 30 minutes later. This was followed by regurgitation, and 45 minutes later, he started to sweat profusely all over his head and body. His pulse rate and breathing were accelerated, but slowed down later on. He laid down and experienced visual hallucinations, which caused him to panic and to run a distance of about 1,200 ft. to consult the nearest doctor. The physician noted widely dilated pupils, and proceeded to have the patient's stomach pumped and then prescribed laxatives. Three hours later, the abnormal state had largely subsided; by the next morning, there was no evidence of any other side effects. M.K. (a 22-year-old male) ate just one fresh mushroom, which had no effects at all. K .Y. (a 31-year-old male) ate five mushrooms. Regurgitation occurred 30 minutes after ingestion, followed by sweating around the head and body; his extremities appeared to be slightly paralyzed. This paralysis persisted for another three hours. During this time, the subject had great difficulties handling a pen for writing, his mood was depressed and he experienced hallucinations, such as colorful lights flooding down from the sky. By the following morning, all of these effects had dissipated. The fresh fruiting bodies were bitter, a taste that disappeared after the mushrooms had been cooked in water. The above experiments are rather amateurish, and the descriptions of results are heavily influenced by a simplistic perspective which assumes that the mushrooms's pharmacological effects proceed along a single, narrow track. Still, these accounts demonstrate that comparable dosages of Japanese mushroom species have psychotropic effects similar to those caused by Psilocybe species found on other continents. Much work still remains to be done in the areas of phytochemistry and taxonomy before the body of knowledge about psychotropic mushroom species in Japan can grow to become adequate. The geographic distribution and ingredients of the Japanese Panaeolus species must also be studied further. For instance, Panaeolus subbalteatus is one of the species that are growing on several Japanese islands today. CHAPTER 7.6 INTOXICATIONS AND THE OLDEST KNOWN MUSHROOM CULT IN AFRICA So far, the mycoflora of the African continent has been studied only peripherally and remains largely unknown. During the late 1980s, Italian mycologist G. Samorini and Terence McKenna, working independently, found evidence for the oldest known mushroom cult in Africa. Their discoveries were not just sensational, but most surprising as well. On the other hand, it really shouldn't come as a surprise that the oldest traces of human contact with mushrooms were found on the very continent known as the cradle of humanity. 10,000 Years Old From 9,000 to went in waves. Increasingly, all colors in her immediate surroundings coalesced into shades of green. The hallucinations were fearsome; the heads of monsters became visible and a wall opened up into an abyss. There was a succession of human figure with animal heads. The next day, everything was back to normal. The oldest child (age 14) also saw her parents' hair color turn green, had dilated pupils and watched geometric shapes appear on the wall. The youngest child (age 11) experienced cramps and lost consciousness. In 1960, Singer and Guzman suggested that Panaeolus cyanescens might contain psilocybin, because of the intense blue staining they had observed. It wasn't until after the intoxications in Menton had been publicized, that a research team working with A. Hofmann detected 0.2% of psilocybin in the mushrooms. Considering the powerful effects, however, this concentration appears to be too low to cause such impressive reactions. Later on, Sandoz Laboratories reported the level of psilocybin in dried samples as 0.8%, along with 1.2% psilocin. The level of psilocin, however, may have been falsely elevated by the presence of serotonin and its derivates in the mushroom sample that was being tested. According to Stijve, a mushroom sample collected by J.W. Allen in Thailand contained 0.4% - 1.05% of psilocin, with only trace amounts of psilocybin; serotonin was present in large amounts, comparable to concentrations found in all Panaeolus species. Apparently, Panaeolus cyanescens produces more psilocin than psilocybin. Still, I was able to detect 0.4% of psilocybin in mycelia cultivated on malt agar, with no other indole compounds present. Discussion of the Panaeolus species would remain incomplete without pointing out that those subjectively terrifying psychoses reported in 1965 cannot be attributed to a specific mushroom ingredient, but were likely precipitated by the circumstances (set and setting) surrounding the incident. The effects described by J. Allen in Hawaii after eating 20 specimens paint a different picture altogether: With radio music playing softly in the dark, euphoria began to come on in waves. After 20 minutes, visions became so intense that I tried to close my eyes. Whenever 1 did close my eyes, my eyelids felt as if they were being sprayed from the outside. Colors were sharp and clear, but I always quickly opened my eyes again. Colors were dancing like laser beams to the rhythm of the music. The stars in the sky assembled in clusters that reached all the way into my soul. I was a little scared at the idea that the ocean water might rush up all the way into our hut. Other than that, feelings of euphoria were overwhelming. At times, I was overcome by fits of laughter. That night, I slept like "a prince ". The following morning I gathered up my belongings and had to walk back across the pasture where I had collected the mushrooms the day before. I noticed a lot o several members of a family eat the &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#116&#111&#103&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#58 &#105&#116 &#105&#115 not uncommon for a father, mother, &#99&#104&#105&#108&#100&#114&#101&#110&#44 &#117&#110&#99&#108&#101&#115&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#117&#110&#116&#115 to &#97&#108&#108 &#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#105&#112&#97&#116&#101 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#102&#111&#114&#109&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 of the mind that elevate consciousness onto a &#104&#105&#103&#104&#101&#114 &#112&#108&#97&#110&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#107&#105&#110&#115&#104&#105&#112 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 is thus the basis of the &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#99&#101&#110&#100&#101&#110&#116&#97&#108 &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#105&#118&#105&#116&#121 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#72&#117&#115&#115&#101&#114&#108 said is intersubjectivity. The mushrooms themselves are eaten in pairs, a couple representing man and woman that symbolizes the dual principle of procreation and creation.<br> Then they sit together in their inner light, dream &#97&#110&#100 &#114&#101&#97&#108&#105&#122&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#111&#110&#118&#101&#114&#115&#101 with &#101&#97&#99&#104 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#115&#101&#97&#116&#101&#100 there together, their bodies immaterialized by &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#110&#101&#115&#115&#44 &#118&#111&#105&#99&#101&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 without their communality.<br> &#73&#110 &#97 &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#115&#101&#110&#115&#101&#44 &#102&#111&#114 &#101&#118&#101&#114&#121&#111&#110&#101 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#116 the purpose of the session is a therapeutic catharsis.<br> &#84&#104&#101 &#99&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97&#108&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#102&#111&#114&#109&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 revelation that open the &#99&#105&#114&#99&#117&#105&#116&#115 &#111&#102 &#108&#105&#103&#104&#116&#44 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#44 and &#99&#111&#109&#109&#117&#110&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#99&#97&#108&#108&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#117&#115 mind-manifesting, were known &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97&#110 &#73&#110&#100&#105&#97&#110&#115 &#97&#115 medicines: the means given &#116&#111 &#109&#101&#110 &#116&#111 &#107&#110&#111&#119 and to heal, &#116&#111 &#115&#101&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#111 &#115&#97&#121 the &#116&#114&#117&#116&#104&#46 &#65&#109&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#101&#99&#115&#44 &#109&#97&#110&#121&#44 one time or another during their lives, &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#101&#97&#116&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#44 &#119&#104&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#116&#111 cure themselves &#111&#102 &#97&#110 &#97&#105&#108&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#111&#114 &#116&#111 resolve a problem; &#98&#117&#116 &#105&#116 &#105&#115 &#110&#111&#116 everyone who has a predilection for &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#101&#120&#116&#114&#101&#109&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#114&#100&#117&#111&#117&#115 experiences of &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#105&#109&#97&#103&#105&#110&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#114 who would want to repeat such journeys &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#114&#97&#110&#103&#101&#44 &#117&#110&#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 depths of the brain very frequently: those who do are the shamans, &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#115&#116&#101&#114&#115&#44 &#119&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#118&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#116 is &#116&#111 &#101&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 because they are &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#101&#110 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 spirit, the men of language, the men of wisdom. They are individuals recognized by their people to be expert in such psychological adventures, and when the others eat the &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#108&#119&#97&#121&#115 &#99&#97&#108&#108 to be &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101&#109&#44 &#97&#115 &#97 guide, one of those who &#105&#115 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#98&#101 particularly acquainted with these modalities of the spirit.<br> The medicine man presides over the &#115&#101&#115&#115&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#102&#111&#114 &#106&#117&#115&#116 &#97&#115 the Mazatec &#102&#97&#109&#105&#108&#121 &#105&#115 &#112&#97&#116&#101&#114&#110&#97&#108 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#117&#116&#104&#111&#114&#105&#116&#97&#114&#105&#97&#110&#44 the liberating experience unfolds in the authoritarian context of a situation in which, rather than &#98&#101&#105&#110&#103 &#97&#108&#108&#111&#119&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#115&#112&#101&#97&#107 &#111&#114 encouraged to express themselves, everyone is enjoined to keep silent &#97&#110&#100 &#108&#105&#115&#116&#101&#110 &#119&#104&#105&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#101 shaman speaks for each of &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#119&#104&#111 &#97&#114&#101 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#116&#46 &#65&#115 &#111&#110&#101 of the early Spanish chroniclers of the New World said: "They pay a sorcerer who eats them the mushrooms] and tells them &#119&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#116&#97&#117&#103&#104&#116 him. &#72&#101 &#100&#111&#101&#115 &#115&#111 &#98&#121 means of a rhythmic chant in full voice.<br>"several members &#111&#102 &#97 &#102&#97&#109&#105&#108&#121 &#101&#97&#116 the &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#116&#111&#103&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#58 &#105&#116 &#105&#115 not uncommon for a father, mother, children, uncles, and aunts to &#97&#108&#108 &#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#105&#112&#97&#116&#101 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 transformations of the &#109&#105&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#101&#108&#101&#118&#97&#116&#101 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115 onto <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/psilocybe+subaeruginosa.asp" title="Psilocybe Subaeruginosa" alt="Psilocybe Subaeruginosa" >Psilocybe Subaeruginosa</a> a higher plan. The kinship relation is &#116&#104&#117&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#97&#115&#105&#115 &#111&#102 the transcendental subjectivity that &#72&#117&#115&#115&#101&#114&#108 &#115&#97&#105&#100 &#105&#115 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#105&#118&#105&#116&#121&#46 The mushrooms themselves are &#101&#97&#116&#101&#110 &#105&#110 &#112&#97&#105&#114&#115&#44 &#97 couple &#114&#101&#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#109&#97&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#119&#111&#109&#97&#110 that symbolizes the dual principle of procreation and creation. Then &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#115&#105&#116 &#116&#111&#103&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#105&#110 their inner &#108&#105&#103&#104&#116&#44 &#100&#114&#101&#97&#109 &#97&#110&#100 &#114&#101&#97&#108&#105&#122&#101 and &#99&#111&#110&#118&#101&#114&#115&#101 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#101&#97&#99&#104 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 presences &#115&#101&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#116&#111&#103&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#98&#111&#100&#105&#101&#115 immaterialized by the blackness, voices from without their communality. In a &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#115&#101&#110&#115&#101&#44 &#102&#111&#114 &#101&#118&#101&#114&#121&#111&#110&#101 present the purpose of &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#101&#115&#115&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#115 &#97 therapeutic catharsis. The chemicals of transformation of revelation that open the circuits of &#108&#105&#103&#104&#116&#44 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#117&#110&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#44 called &#98&#121 &#117&#115 &#109&#105&#110&#100&#45&#109&#97&#110&#105&#102&#101&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103&#44 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 to the American Indians as medicines: the means given to men &#116&#111 &#107&#110&#111&#119 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#111 heal, to see and to say &#116&#104&#101 &#116&#114&#117&#116&#104&#46 &#65&#109&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 Mazatecs, many, one time or another during &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#108&#105&#118&#101&#115&#44 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#101&#97&#116&#101&#110 the mushrooms, whether to cure themselves of an ailment &#111&#114 &#116&#111 &#114&#101&#115&#111&#108&#118&#101 &#97 problem; &#98&#117&#116 &#105&#116 &#105&#115 &#110&#111&#116 everyone who has a &#112&#114&#101&#100&#105&#108&#101&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#102&#111&#114 &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#101&#120&#116&#114&#101&#109&#101 &#97&#110&#100 arduous experiences of the creative imagination &#111&#114 &#119&#104&#111 &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#119&#97&#110&#116 to repeat such &#106&#111&#117&#114&#110&#101&#121&#115 &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#114&#97&#110&#103&#101&#44 unknown depths &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#114&#97&#105&#110 &#118&#101&#114&#121 frequently: those who do are the shamans, the masters, whose vocation it is to &#101&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#98&#101&#99&#97&#117&#115&#101 they are &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#101&#110 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#105&#114&#105&#116&#44 the &#109&#101&#110 &#111&#102 &#108&#97&#110&#103&#117&#97&#103&#101&#44 &#116&#104&#101 men of wisdom. They <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magic+mushroom+art.asp" title="Magic Mushroom Art" alt="Magic Mushroom Art" >Magic Mushroom Art</a> &#97&#114&#101 &#105&#110&#100&#105&#118&#105&#100&#117&#97&#108&#115 &#114&#101&#99&#111&#103&#110&#105&#122&#101&#100 &#98&#121 their &#112&#101&#111&#112&#108&#101 &#116&#111 &#98&#101 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#116 in such psychological adventures, and when the others eat the mushrooms they always call to &#98&#101 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101&#109&#44 &#97&#115 &#97 guide, one of those who is &#99&#111&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#98&#101 &#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#97&#99&#113&#117&#97&#105&#110&#116&#101&#100 &#119&#105&#116&#104 these modalities of the spirit.<br> The medicine man presides over &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#101&#115&#115&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#102&#111&#114 &#106&#117&#115&#116 as the Mazatec family is paternal and authoritarian, the liberating experience unfolds in the authoritarian context &#111&#102 &#97 &#115&#105&#116&#117&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#110 which, &#114&#97&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#98&#101&#105&#110&#103 &#97&#108&#108&#111&#119&#101&#100 &#116&#111 speak or encouraged to &#101&#120&#112&#114&#101&#115&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#109&#115&#101&#108&#118&#101&#115&#44 &#101&#118&#101&#114&#121&#111&#110&#101 &#105&#115 &#101&#110&#106&#111&#105&#110&#101&#100 to keep silent and listen while the &#115&#104&#97&#109&#97&#110 &#115&#112&#101&#97&#107&#115 &#102&#111&#114 &#101&#97&#99&#104 of those who &#97&#114&#101 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#116&#46 &#65&#115 &#111&#110&#101 of the &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#83&#112&#97&#110&#105&#115&#104 &#99&#104&#114&#111&#110&#105&#99&#108&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#102 the New World said: "They pay &#97 &#115&#111&#114&#99&#101&#114&#101&#114 &#119&#104&#111 &#101&#97&#116&#115 them the mushrooms] and &#116&#101&#108&#108&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#109 &#119&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101&#121 have &#116&#97&#117&#103&#104&#116 &#104&#105&#109&#46 &#72&#101 &#100&#111&#101&#115 so by means of &#97 &#114&#104&#121&#116&#104&#109&#105&#99 &#99&#104&#97&#110&#116 &#105&#110 full voice."several &#109&#101&#109&#98&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#102 &#97 &#102&#97&#109&#105&#108&#121 eat the mushrooms together: it is &#110&#111&#116 &#117&#110&#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110 &#102&#111&#114 &#97 father, mother, children, uncles, and aunts &#116&#111 &#97&#108&#108 &#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#105&#112&#97&#116&#101 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 transformations of the mind that elevate consciousness onto a higher plan. The kinship relation is thus the basis of the transcendental subjectivity that Husserl said &#105&#115 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#105&#118&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 themselves &#97&#114&#101 &#101&#97&#116&#101&#110 &#105&#110 &#112&#97&#105&#114&#115&#44 &#97 couple &#114&#101&#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#109&#97&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#119&#111&#109&#97&#110 that &#115&#121&#109&#98&#111&#108&#105&#122&#101&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#117&#97&#108 &#112&#114&#105&#110&#99&#105&#112&#108&#101 &#111&#102 &#112&#114&#111&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 and &#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#115&#105&#116 together in their inner light, dream and realize and converse &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#101&#97&#99&#104 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115 seated there together, their bodies immaterialized &#98&#121 &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#110&#101&#115&#115&#44 &#118&#111&#105&#99&#101&#115 from without their communality. &#73&#110 &#97 &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#115&#101&#110&#115&#101&#44 &#102&#111&#114 &#101&#118&#101&#114&#121&#111&#110&#101 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#116 the purpose of the session is a therapeutic catharsis. The chemicals of transformation of revelation &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#111&#112&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#105&#114&#99&#117&#105&#116&#115 of light, vision, and &#99&#111&#109&#109&#117&#110&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#99&#97&#108&#108&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#117&#115 mind-manifesting, were known &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97&#110 &#73&#110&#100&#105&#97&#110&#115 as medicines: &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#101&#97&#110&#115 &#103&#105&#118&#101&#110 &#116&#111 men to know and to &#104&#101&#97&#108&#44 &#116&#111 &#115&#101&#101 &#97&#110&#100 to say the truth.<br> Among the Mazatecs, many, one time or another during their lives, have eaten the mushrooms, &#119&#104&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#116&#111 &#99&#117&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#109&#115&#101&#108&#118&#101&#115 of an ailment or to resolve a problem; but it &#105&#115 &#110&#111&#116 &#101&#118&#101&#114&#121&#111&#110&#101 &#119&#104&#111 has &#97 &#112&#114&#101&#100&#105&#108&#101&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#102&#111&#114 &#115&#117&#99&#104 extreme and arduous &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101 imagination or who would want to repeat &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#106&#111&#117&#114&#110&#101&#121&#115 &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 strange, unknown depths &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#114&#97&#105&#110 &#118&#101&#114&#121 frequently: those who do are the &#115&#104&#97&#109&#97&#110&#115&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#115&#116&#101&#114&#115&#44 &#119&#104&#111&#115&#101 vocation it is to eat the &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#98&#101&#99&#97&#117&#115&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101 men of the spirit, the men of language, the men of &#119&#105&#115&#100&#111&#109&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#114&#101 &#105&#110&#100&#105&#118&#105&#100&#117&#97&#108&#115 recognized by their people to &#98&#101 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#116 &#105&#110 &#115&#117&#99&#104 psychological adventures, &#97&#110&#100 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#115 eat the mushrooms they always call to be with them, as &#97 &#103&#117&#105&#100&#101&#44 &#111&#110&#101 &#111&#102 those &#119&#104&#111 &#105&#115 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#111 be particularly acquainted with &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#111&#100&#97&#108&#105&#116&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 spirit.<br> &#84&#104&#101 &#109&#101&#100&#105&#99&#105&#110&#101 &#109&#97&#110 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#105&#100&#101&#115 over the &#115&#101&#115&#115&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#102&#111&#114 &#106&#117&#115&#116 &#97&#115 the Mazatec family is paternal and authoritarian, the liberating experience unfolds in the authoritarian context of a situation &#105&#110 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104&#44 &#114&#97&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#97&#110 being allowed to speak &#111&#114 &#101&#110&#99&#111&#117&#114&#97&#103&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#101&#120&#112&#114&#101&#115&#115 themselves, everyone is enjoined to keep silent and listen &#119&#104&#105&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#104&#97&#109&#97&#110 &#115&#112&#101&#97&#107&#115 for each of those who are present. As one of the early Spanish chroniclers of &#116&#104&#101 &#78&#101&#119 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100 &#115&#97&#105&#100&#58 "They pay a sorcerer who &#101&#97&#116&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#109 &#91&#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 and tells &#116&#104&#101&#109 &#119&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 taught him. He does so by &#109&#101&#97&#110&#115 &#111&#102 &#97 &#114&#104&#121&#116&#104&#109&#105&#99 chant in full voice.<br>"several &#109&#101&#109&#98&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#102 &#97 &#102&#97&#109&#105&#108&#121 &#101&#97&#116 the mushrooms together: &#105&#116 &#105&#115 &#110&#111&#116 &#117&#110&#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110 for a father, mother, &#99&#104&#105&#108&#100&#114&#101&#110&#44 &#117&#110&#99&#108&#101&#115&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#117&#110&#116&#115 to all participate in these transformations of the mind that elevate consciousness onto a higher plan. &#84&#104&#101 &#107&#105&#110&#115&#104&#105&#112 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#115 thus &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#97&#115&#105&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 transcendental &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#105&#118&#105&#116&#121 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#72&#117&#115&#115&#101&#114&#108 &#115&#97&#105&#100 is intersubjectivity.<br> The mushrooms themselves are eaten &#105&#110 &#112&#97&#105&#114&#115&#44 &#97 &#99&#111&#117&#112&#108&#101 representing man and woman that symbolizes the dual principle of procreation and creation.<br> Then they sit &#116&#111&#103&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#105&#110&#110&#101&#114 light, dream and realize and converse with each &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#115&#101&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#116&#111&#103&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 their bodies immaterialized by the blackness, voices from &#119&#105&#116&#104&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#117&#110&#97&#108&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#73&#110 a general sense, for everyone present the purpose of the session is a therapeutic &#99&#97&#116&#104&#97&#114&#115&#105&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#99&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97&#108&#115 &#111&#102 transformation of revelation that &#111&#112&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#105&#114&#99&#117&#105&#116&#115 &#111&#102 light, &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#117&#110&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#99&#97&#108&#108&#101&#100 by &#117&#115 &#109&#105&#110&#100&#45&#109&#97&#110&#105&#102&#101&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103&#44 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 to the &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97&#110 &#73&#110&#100&#105&#97&#110&#115 &#97&#115 &#109&#101&#100&#105&#99&#105&#110&#101&#115&#58 the means given to men to know and to &#104&#101&#97&#108&#44 &#116&#111 &#115&#101&#101 &#97&#110&#100 to say the truth. Among the Mazatecs, many, one time or another during their lives, have &#101&#97&#116&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#44 &#119&#104&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#116&#111 cure themselves of an ailment or to resolve a problem; but it &#105&#115 &#110&#111&#116 &#101&#118&#101&#114&#121&#111&#110&#101 &#119&#104&#111 has a predilection &#102&#111&#114 &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#101&#120&#116&#114&#101&#109&#101 &#97&#110&#100 arduous experiences of the creative imagination or who &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#119&#97&#110&#116 &#116&#111 &#114&#101&#112&#101&#97&#116 such &#106&#111&#117&#114&#110&#101&#121&#115 &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#114&#97&#110&#103&#101&#44 unknown depths of the brain very frequently: those who do are &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#104&#97&#109&#97&#110&#115&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#115&#116&#101&#114&#115&#44 whose vocation it is to eat &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#98&#101&#99&#97&#117&#115&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#121 are the men of the &#115&#112&#105&#114&#105&#116&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#101&#110 &#111&#102 language, the men of wisdom.<br> They are individuals &#114&#101&#99&#111&#103&#110&#105&#122&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#112&#101&#111&#112&#108&#101 to be &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#116 &#105&#110 &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108 adventures, and when the others eat the mushrooms &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#108&#119&#97&#121&#115 &#99&#97&#108&#108 &#116&#111 be with them, as a &#103&#117&#105&#100&#101&#44 &#111&#110&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 who is considered &#116&#111 &#98&#101 &#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#97&#99&#113&#117&#97&#105&#110&#116&#101&#100 with these &#109&#111&#100&#97&#108&#105&#116&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#105&#114&#105&#116&#46 The medicine man presides over the session, for just as the &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#101&#99 &#102&#97&#109&#105&#108&#121 &#105&#115 &#112&#97&#116&#101&#114&#110&#97&#108 and &#97&#117&#116&#104&#111&#114&#105&#116&#97&#114&#105&#97&#110&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#105&#98&#101&#114&#97&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101 unfolds in the authoritarian context of a &#115&#105&#116&#117&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#110 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104&#44 &#114&#97&#116&#104&#101&#114 than being allowed to &#115&#112&#101&#97&#107 &#111&#114 &#101&#110&#99&#111&#117&#114&#97&#103&#101&#100 &#116&#111 express themselves, &#101&#118&#101&#114&#121&#111&#110&#101 &#105&#115 &#101&#110&#106&#111&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#116&#111 keep &#115&#105&#108&#101&#110&#116 &#97&#110&#100 &#108&#105&#115&#116&#101&#110 &#119&#104&#105&#108&#101 the &#115&#104&#97&#109&#97&#110 &#115&#112&#101&#97&#107&#115 &#102&#111&#114 &#101&#97&#99&#104 of those who are present. As one &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#83&#112&#97&#110&#105&#115&#104 chroniclers of the New World said: "They pay a sorcerer who eats them the mushrooms &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#101&#108&#108&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#109 &#119&#104&#97&#116 they have taught him. He does so by means of a &#114&#104&#121&#116&#104&#109&#105&#99 &#99&#104&#97&#110&#116 &#105&#110 &#102&#117&#108&#108 voice." a have been reported from the following countries: Finland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, The Netherlands, Belgium, France, Russia, Poland, the former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Scotland, England, Wales, Italy and Spain. Unfortunately, there are no comprehensive maps detailing the species's distribution pattern. Traditionally, mycologists have often neglected relatively tiny species, such as Psilocybe semilanceata, that tend to share their habitats with other, more prominent species. The sarcastic phrase "The mushrooms occur in abundance wherever mycologists abound" is particularly pertinent in reference to the Psilocybe species. Prior to the discovery of psilocybin, the Psilocybe genus languished in the literature, shrouded in obscurity. To this day, few 189. Psilocybe semilanceata Fr. Worthless] The cap is uniformly conic to bell-shaped, with a pointy or obtuse center forming an almost wart-like protrusion; initially, caps are often taller than they are wide, margins are bent and curved inward; later on, width of cap is 1.5-4 cm. Hygrophanous; coloration is a dirtyish olive-brown when wet, with translucent striate margins; at the center, coloration is ocher or greenish-yellow against an overall shade of smudgy pale yellow and oftentimes some greenish stains; only the margins are banded by a darkcolored, watery stripe around the edge. No stripes or banding evident when mushrooms are completely dried. Lacking a veil, caps are thin-fleshed, bald, with an easily separable pellicle that remains gelatinous-sticky for a long time, turning shiny when dry. Gills are olive brown to blackish purple brown in color, with the edges often remaining white, gill spacing is quite crowded; gill attachment is either roughly linear or mostly adnexed; up to 3.5 mm wide; attached at the stem only, fully detached later on. Spores are elongated to ellipitical in shape, smooth and large, measuring 12-16 u by 6-8,u. Color of spore dust is blackish purple brown. Stem is very slender, almost uniformly thin and always twisted, 6-12 cm long and 1.25-2 mm thick, yellowish or whitish in color; areas subjected to pressure develop bluishgreen stains. Stems are silky smooth and roughly at the center, cortinate fibrils appear like remnants of a veil, which is brittle and lined with a white fibrous cord of wool-like texture. When dry, the flesh of the cap is colored pale yellow, while the stem's flesh is ocher brown in color, especially towards the bottom. It is odorless and its flavor is mild. The mushroom grows from August to October, frequently in gregarious clusters, and can be found in pastures and along roadways, growing on dung that has undergone complete decomposition. It is not a particularly rare species. Figure 11(above) This excellent description of Psilocybe semilanceata by Michael & Schulz (1927) is shown here as originally published in German, with an English translation. Mycologists sp ulinary mushroom bears no resemblance, either in size &#111&#114 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#44 &#116&#111 &#73&#110&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#97&#101&#114&#117&#103&#105&#110&#97&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115&#46 Overall, however, these unfortunate cases have also contributed to our understanding of mushroom biochemistry. In this context, I want to emphasize once &#109&#111&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99 varieties among the Inocybes can &#101&#97&#115&#105&#108&#121 &#98&#101 &#109&#105&#115&#116&#97&#107&#101&#110 &#102&#111&#114&#13&#10&#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 muscarine-producing Inocybe species that are extremely &#112&#111&#105&#115&#111&#110&#111&#117&#115&#46&#13&#10&#65&#115 &#112&#97&#114&#116 &#111&#102 &#104&#105&#115 &#105&#110&#118&#101&#115&#116&#105&#103&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 genus, Guzman noted a common trait among the hallucinogenic species, in addition to the bluing reaction: a &#102&#108&#111&#117&#114&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#115&#109&#101&#108&#108 &#111&#114 &#116&#97&#115&#116&#101&#46 &#65&#112&#97&#114&#116 from the inherent subjective nature of our sense of smell and taste, a common &#111&#100&#111&#114 &#105&#115 &#97 &#116&#114&#97&#105&#116 &#116&#104&#97&#116 definitely does &#110&#111&#116 &#97&#112&#112&#108&#121 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 species (also see Chapter 3.2). Mycophile or &#77&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#111&#98&#101&#63&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#114&#101 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 the Western United States about people with &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#116&#13&#10&#107&#110&#111&#119&#108&#101&#100&#103&#101 &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#45&#13&#10&#100&#101&#118&#111&#116&#101&#100 mushroom &#104&#117&#110&#116&#101&#114&#115 &#119&#104&#111 &#99&#97&#110 &#105&#100&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#121&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 species with drill and accuracy. &#65&#116 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#115&#97&#109&#101 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#44 &#104&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 these experts cannot identify easily spotted common table mushrooms, &#110&#111&#114 &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#98&#108&#101 to differentiate the Agaricus species (champignons) from other mushrooms, even when these species grow on the same pasture.<br> Such individuals, then, are not interested in species other than Psilocybe semilanceata.<br> In my opinion, this attitude reflects a rare &#99&#111&#109&#98&#105&#110&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#109&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#111&#98&#105&#97&#46&#13&#10&#65 mushroom's spore &#100&#117&#115&#116 &#112&#114&#111&#118&#105&#100&#101&#115&#13&#10&#105&#109&#112&#111&#114&#116&#97&#110&#116 &#105&#110&#102&#111&#114&#109&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#110&#101&#101&#100&#101&#100 to &#100&#101&#116&#101&#114&#109&#105&#110&#101&#13&#10&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#65 &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101 &#112&#114&#105&#110&#116 is left by the gills when the cap <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/guide/" title="Guide" alt="Guide" >Guide</a> is placed &#111&#110 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107 &#111&#114 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101 paper (depending &#111&#110 &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#41&#46 &#65&#115 the process takes several &#104&#111&#117&#114&#115&#44 &#97 &#103&#108&#97&#115&#115 &#118&#101&#115&#115&#101&#108 must be placed over the cap to &#112&#114&#101&#118&#101&#110&#116 &#100&#114&#121&#105&#110&#103&#46 &#87&#104&#105&#108&#101&#13&#10&#117&#115&#101&#102&#117&#108&#44 &#105&#110&#102&#111&#114&#109&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#98&#116&#97&#105&#110&#101&#100 from spore analyses has its limitations, &#70&#111&#114 &#105&#110&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101&#44&#13&#10&#115&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115 &#100&#101&#114&#105&#118&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109 mushrooms belonging to different genera may have the same color, but reveal basic differences <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/how+to+grow+magic+mush.asp" title="How To Grow Magic Mush" alt="How To Grow Magic Mush" >How To Grow Magic Mush</a> under the microscope. There is also a high degree of similarity among spores &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#117&#115&#44&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 only way to prevent grave errors and potentially deadly intoxications is to rely on experienced experts for mushroom identification, a process that must include analysis of available ecological data. CHAPTER 5 THE BLUING PHENOMENON AND METOL TESTING: REALITY &#86&#83&#46 &#87&#73&#83&#72&#70&#85&#76 &#84&#72&#73&#78&#75&#73&#78&#71&#13&#10&#65&#115 &#112&#114&#101&#118&#105&#111&#117&#115&#108&#121 discussed in Chapters 3.<br>1 and 3.7, the bluing &#114&#101&#97&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#115 &#99&#104&#97&#114&#97&#99&#116&#101&#114&#105&#115&#116&#105&#99&#13&#10&#111&#102 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 that produce psilocybin. Still, &#102&#111&#114&#13&#10&#117&#110&#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#114&#101&#97&#115&#111&#110&#115&#44 &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 or samples belonging to a genus &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#117&#115&#117&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#116&#117&#114&#110&#115 &#98&#108&#117&#101&#13&#10&#109&#97&#121 not &#97&#108&#119&#97&#121&#115 &#99&#104&#97&#110&#103&#101 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 &#114&#101&#103&#97&#114&#100&#108&#101&#115&#115 of psilocybin &#99&#111&#110&#116&#101&#110&#116&#46 &#65&#109&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 that I have examined, Psilocybe bohemica displayed the &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#105&#109&#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#105&#118&#101 &#98&#108&#117&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#114&#101&#97&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 &#84&#104&#101 caps of this species stain very quickly &#105&#110 &#114&#101&#97&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#116&#111 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#117&#114&#101&#46 Other species, such as Psilocybe cubensis (Earle) Sing.<br> have stems that develop very intensely blue stains, while their caps do not &#101&#120&#104&#105&#98&#105&#116 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#98&#108&#117&#105&#110&#103 &#114&#101&#97&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 &#66&#121 contrast, Psilocybe </p> <p><div align="right"> Most users of the <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/guide/" title="Guide" alt="Guide" >Guide</a> psychoactive &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#97&#114&#121 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#118&#101&#114&#121 little knowledge of their scientific &#110&#97&#109&#101&#115&#46 &#73&#110&#115&#116&#101&#97&#100&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 given their favorite species local epithets which are commonly used by &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#119&#104&#111 &#99&#111&#108&#108&#101&#99&#116 &#97&#110&#100 ingest them. Some of these popular names are also known &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#112&#112&#108&#105&#101&#100 &#98&#121 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magic+mushroom+grow+kit.asp" title="Magic Mushroom Grow Kit" alt="Magic Mushroom Grow Kit" >Magic Mushroom Grow Kit</a> &#117&#115&#101&#114&#115 outside of Australia and NZ. "Magic Mushrooms" is &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110 &#116&#101&#114&#109 applied to any mushroom which &#99&#111&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#101 &#97&#110&#100&#47&#111&#114 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#105&#110&#101&#46 It was invented by a Life <u> psilocybin cultivation cow manure</u> Magazine editor in l957 ( &#115&#101&#101 &#87&#97&#115&#115&#111&#110&#44 &#108&#57&#53&#55&#41&#46 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 cubensis is known in Australia as "golden tops", &#34&#103&#111&#108&#100 &#116&#111&#112&#115&#34 &#111&#114 &#115&#111&#109&#101&#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 "gold caps." &#84&#104&#101 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110 &#101&#112&#105&#116&#104&#101&#116&#115 &#109&#97&#121 have been given to this species by members of a local, drugusing group of &#115&#117&#114&#102&#101&#114&#115 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#102&#114&#101&#113&#117&#101&#110&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 Gold Coast &#114&#101&#103&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#69&#97&#115&#116&#101&#114&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#59 &#104&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 some of these names have apparently &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#117&#115&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101 several different species of Psilocybe by users in &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#40&#115&#101&#101 &#65&#108&#108&#101&#110&#44 &#49&#57&#57&#55&#41&#46 As mentioned above, Psilocybe cubensis is not known to occur &#105&#110 &#78&#101&#119 &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100&#46 &#84&#104&#111&#115&#101 who ingest Copelandia cyanescens, &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 New Zealand as "blue meanies", also refer &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#97&#115 "Blue Legs", "golden &#116&#111&#112&#115&#34 &#111&#114 &#34&#103&#111&#108&#100 &#99&#97&#112&#115&#34&#46 The latter two nicknames, as well as "dimple tops" and "cone heads", are common terms applied to Copelandia cyanescens &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#72&#97&#119&#97&#105&#105&#97&#110 &#73&#115&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115&#59 and some of &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#115&#97&#109&#101 &#112&#111&#112&#117&#108&#97&#114 &#110&#97&#109&#101&#115 have also been used by visiting surfers &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#98&#111&#116&#104 &#78&#101&#119 &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100 and &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#44 &#116&#111 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101 &#116&#104&#101 macroscopic characteristics of Copelandia &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#115&#97&#109&#101 &#115&#117&#114&#102&#101&#114&#115 visiting Hawaii's North Shore &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100&#108&#121 &#105&#110&#103&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#112&#114&#105&#111&#114 &#116&#111 surfing, &#97&#115 &#100&#111 &#109&#97&#110&#121 &#111&#102 the locally based surfers &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#90&#46 </div> The question of dosage is often confused by the variation in the source of the hallucinogenic mushroom species which is consumed. a have been reported from the following countries: Finland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, The Netherlands, Belgium, France, Russia, Poland, the former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Scotland, England, Wales, Italy and Spain. Unfortunately, there are no comprehensive maps detailing the species's distribution pattern. Traditionally, mycologists have often neglected relatively tiny species, such as Psilocybe semilanceata, that tend to share their habitats with other, more prominent species. The sarcastic phrase "The mushrooms occur in abundance wherever mycologists abound" is particularly pertinent in reference to the Psilocybe species. Prior to the discovery of psilocybin, the Psilocybe genus languished in the literature, shrouded in obscurity. To this day, few 189. Psilocybe semilanceata Fr. Worthless] The cap is uniformly conic to bell-shaped, with a pointy or obtuse center forming an almost wart-like protrusion; initially, caps are often taller than they are wide, margins are bent and curved inward; later on, width of cap is 1.5-4 cm. Hygrophanous; coloration is a dirtyish olive-brown when wet, with translucent striate margins; at the center, coloration is ocher or greenish-yellow against an overall shade of smudgy pale yellow and oftentimes some greenish stains; only the margins are banded by a darkcolored, watery stripe around the edge. No stripes or banding evident when mushrooms are completely dried. Lacking a veil, caps are thin-fleshed, bald, with an easily separable pellicle that remains gelatinous-sticky for a long time, turning shiny when dry. Gills are olive brown to blackish purple brown in color, with the edges often remaining white, gill spacing is quite crowded; gill attachment is either roughly linear or mostly adnexed; up to 3.5 mm wide; attached at the stem only, fully detached later on. Spores are elongated to ellipitical in shape, smooth and large, measuring 12-16 u by 6-8,u. Color of spore dust is blackish purple brown. Stem is very slender, almost uniformly thin and always twisted, 6-12 cm long and 1.25-2 mm thick, yellowish or whitish in color; areas subjected to pressure develop bluishgreen stains. Stems are silky smooth and roughly at the center, cortinate fibrils appear like remnants of a veil, which is brittle and lined with a white fibrous cord of wool-like texture. When dry, the flesh of the cap is colored pale yellow, while the stem's flesh is ocher brown in color, especially towards the bottom. It is odorless and its flavor is mild. The mushroom grows from August to October, frequently in gregarious clusters, and can be found in pastures and along roadways, growing on dung that has undergone complete decomposition. It is not a particularly rare species. Figure 11(above) This excellent description of Psilocybe semilanceata by Michael & Schulz (1927) is shown here as originally published in German, with an English translation. Mycologists sp It has been suggested by an Australian physician that the general public in Australia, as well as members of its drug using subculture, first became aware of the visionary properties of these psychoactive mushrooms by a visiting surfer(s), who came from either New Zealand or the United States (Hawaii) and most likely provided ethnomycological information to local surfers (McCarthy, 1971). This physician reported that the use of psychoactive mushrooms, as well as 21 other drugs "was well demonstrated during a survey on drug abuse that was conducted in Southern Queensland during l969." This survey relied on interviews of 51 people belonging to "the `surfer' subculture local beach resorts". In this report, the doctor believed that "although the survey involved surfers and their female friends, there is no suggestion that the use of these drugs is confined to this group, which constitutes but a proportion of our (Australian) young drug taking community." It is thus likely that word-of-mouth communication made a significant contribution to the increasing use of "magic mushrooms" in Australia and NZ. <p align="center"> There are more <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/shrooms+scotland+grow+kit/" title="Shrooms Scotland Grow Kit" alt="Shrooms Scotland Grow Kit" >Shrooms Scotland Grow Kit</a> than 1 dozen species of "magic mushrooms" in <i> Pictures Of Nordic Warriors</i> <b>grow australia kit magic grow</b> <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/psilocybe+subaeruginosa.asp" title="Psilocybe Subaeruginosa" alt="Psilocybe Subaeruginosa" >Psilocybe Subaeruginosa</a> Australia and New </p> e creek on wood chips of Carpinus, Alnus and Salix, on raw compost mixtures of Picea, Pinus and Larix needles, as Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Figure 21 - Fruiting curve of Psilocybe cyanescens based on observations at several locations in the former Czechoslovakia. The mycelia make use of different kinds of plant debris and even grow on wet cardboard, where they develop into rhizomorphs just like they would in nature. Rhizomorphs are thick strands of mycelia that serve to transport nutrients and water. They also develop intense blue stains (see Figure 22). Figure 23 Distribution pattern of Psilocybe cyanescens in Germany and adjacent areas (according to Krieglsteiner). Locations are indicated by black dots. Figure 22 Psilocybe bohemica rhizomorphs growing on wet cardboard. Figure 24 - Psilocybe cyanescens at a natural location (USA). Figure 25 - Psilocybe bohemica on twigs and leaves. Impressive Experiences Psilocybe bohemica is a very psychoactive species. Its effects are vividly documented in the following account of one natural scientist's experience as part of controlled clinical trials in Prague: About 30 mg of psilocybin in mushroom tissue was prepared in hot water, with effects already noticeable ten minutes after ingestion. I grew increasingly quiet. At first, my legs began to tingle, then my underarms as well. Aside from a deeper breathing rhythm, few other somatic effects were noted. Initially there were fits of laughter caused by unusual cognitive associations; this laughter also affected the two "sober" guides. A growing hyperacuity interfered with the ability to listen to music, so that Vivaldi's "Springtime" caused painful stabs inside the brain. I compared the pain to that caused by a "sawing knife". The experimenters appeared bloated and yellow... Existing bodily characteristics, such as thinning hair stimulated a person's illusionary transformation into a monk with tonsure. Their voices also appeared reverent and, from a somewhat paranoid point of view, these gentlemen at times seemed to be working a switching station that, for some reasons, was my enemy. At the same time, I found both of them to be quite likeable. During this time period, the other female subject perceived fantastic images of moving colors and saw visions of her whole life unfolding behind closed eyes. During this period, I had the distinct impression that an electrical current was flowing through my body, which was not an uncomfortable sensation. About three hours later, the gentlemen retired to the kitchen and the nature of the experience changed quite drastically. At first I felt as if my legs were increasingly merging into the wall, a very comfortable experience. In a state of utter clarity of consciousness, I finally felt as if I had no body at all. I said. "The most descriptive expression is the experience of a pure soul". Using words as triggers, we were able to induce shared experiences o <p align="justify"> ulinary mushroom bears no resemblance, either in size or form, to Inocybe aeruginascens. Overall, &#104&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101&#13&#10&#117&#110&#102&#111&#114&#116&#117&#110&#97&#116&#101 &#99&#97&#115&#101&#115 &#104&#97&#118&#101 also contributed to our understanding of mushroom biochemistry. In &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#101&#120&#116&#44 &#73 &#119&#97&#110&#116 &#116&#111 emphasize once more &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99 &#118&#97&#114&#105&#101&#116&#105&#101&#115&#13&#10&#97&#109&#111&#110&#103 the Inocybes can easily be mistaken &#102&#111&#114&#13&#10&#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#99&#97&#114&#105&#110&#101&#45&#112&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#105&#110&#103 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/cowmanurepsilocybinmushroomcultivation.asp" title="Cowmanurepsilocybinmushroomcultivation" alt="Cowmanurepsilocybinmushroomcultivation" >Cowmanurepsilocybinmushroomcultivation</a> &#73&#110&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#13&#10&#116&#104&#97&#116 are extremely poisonous. As &#112&#97&#114&#116 &#111&#102 &#104&#105&#115 &#105&#110&#118&#101&#115&#116&#105&#103&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 of the Psilocybe genus, Guzman noted a common trait among the hallucinogenic species, in addition to the bluing reaction: &#97 &#102&#108&#111&#117&#114&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#115&#109&#101&#108&#108 &#111&#114 &#116&#97&#115&#116&#101&#46 Apart from the inherent subjective nature of our sense of smell and taste, &#97 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110 &#111&#100&#111&#114 &#105&#115 a trait that definitely does not apply to the European species &#40&#97&#108&#115&#111&#13&#10&#115&#101&#101 &#67&#104&#97&#112&#116&#101&#114 &#51&#46&#50&#41&#46&#13&#10&#77&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#101 &#111&#114 Mycophobe? There are reports from the Western United States about people with expert knowledge of &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#45&#13&#10&#100&#101&#118&#111&#116&#101&#100 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 hunters &#119&#104&#111 &#99&#97&#110 &#105&#100&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#121&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 with drill and accuracy. &#65&#116 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#115&#97&#109&#101 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#44 &#104&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 these experts cannot identify easily spotted common table mushrooms, nor are they able &#116&#111 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116&#105&#97&#116&#101&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#65&#103&#97&#114&#105&#99&#117&#115 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 (champignons) from other mushrooms, even &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#103&#114&#111&#119 &#111&#110&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 same pasture. Such individuals, then, are not &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 than Psilocybe semilanceata. In my opinion, &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#97&#116&#116&#105&#116&#117&#100&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#102&#108&#101&#99&#116&#115 &#97 &#114&#97&#114&#101 combination of mycophilia and mycophobia. A mushroom's spore dust provides important information needed to determine identity.<br> A spore print is left &#98&#121 &#116&#104&#101 &#103&#105&#108&#108&#115 &#119&#104&#101&#110&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 cap is placed on &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107 &#111&#114 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101 &#112&#97&#112&#101&#114&#13&#10&#40&#100&#101&#112&#101&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103 on spore color). As the process takes &#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#104&#111&#117&#114&#115&#44 &#97 &#103&#108&#97&#115&#115 vessel must &#98&#101&#13&#10&#112&#108&#97&#99&#101&#100 &#111&#118&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#97&#112 &#116&#111 prevent drying. While useful, information obtained &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101&#13&#10&#97&#110&#97&#108&#121&#115&#101&#115 &#104&#97&#115 &#105&#116&#115 &#108&#105&#109&#105&#116&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#44 For &#105&#110&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101&#44&#13&#10&#115&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115 &#100&#101&#114&#105&#118&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 belonging to different genera may have the same color, but reveal basic &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#117&#110&#100&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#105&#99&#114&#111&#115&#99&#111&#112&#101&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101&#114&#101 is also &#97 &#104&#105&#103&#104 &#100&#101&#103&#114&#101&#101 &#111&#102 similarity among spores from different Psilocybe species. Thus, the only way to prevent grave errors and potentially &#100&#101&#97&#100&#108&#121 &#105&#110&#116&#111&#120&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#105&#115 &#116&#111 rely on experienced experts for mushroom identification, a process that must include analysis of available ecological &#100&#97&#116&#97&#46&#13&#10&#67&#72&#65&#80&#84&#69&#82 &#53&#13&#10&#84&#72&#69 &#66&#76&#85&#73&#78&#71 &#80&#72&#69&#78&#79&#77&#69&#78&#79&#78 AND METOL TESTING: REALITY &#86&#83&#46 &#87&#73&#83&#72&#70&#85&#76 &#84&#72&#73&#78&#75&#73&#78&#71&#13&#10&#65&#115 &#112&#114&#101&#118&#105&#111&#117&#115&#108&#121 discussed in Chapters 3.1 and 3.7, &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#108&#117&#105&#110&#103 &#114&#101&#97&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#115 &#99&#104&#97&#114&#97&#99&#116&#101&#114&#105&#115&#116&#105&#99&#13&#10&#111&#102 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 that produce psilocybin. Still, for unknown &#114&#101&#97&#115&#111&#110&#115&#44 &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#114 samples belonging &#116&#111 &#97 &#103&#101&#110&#117&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 usually turns blue may not always change color, regardless of psilocybin content.<br> <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/drug+magic+mushroom.asp" title="Drug Magic Mushroom" alt="Drug Magic Mushroom" >Drug Magic Mushroom</a> Among &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#73&#13&#10&#104&#97&#118&#101 examined, &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#98&#111&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97&#13&#10&#100&#105&#115&#112&#108&#97&#121&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#111&#115&#116 impressive bluing reaction.<br> The &#99&#97&#112&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 stain very quickly in reaction to pressure. Other species, such as Psilocybe &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#40&#69&#97&#114&#108&#101&#41 &#83&#105&#110&#103&#46&#13&#10&#104&#97&#118&#101 &#115&#116&#101&#109&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 develop very &#105&#110&#116&#101&#110&#115&#101&#108&#121 &#98&#108&#117&#101&#13&#10&#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 caps do not exhibit the bluing &#114&#101&#97&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 &#66&#121 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#114&#97&#115&#116&#44 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10 </p> </p> <p> JOCHEN GARTZ MAGIC MUSHROOMS Around the World A Scientific Journey Across Cultures and Time The Case for Challenging Research and Value Systems * LIS PUBLICATIONS * LOS ANGELES, CA* Figure 1 - Water Color Painting of Psilocybe semilanceata (Germany, 1927) TABLE OF CONTENT (With Active Links' Just Click On A Subject To Go To The Page) "Who Was the First Magician?" - Foreword by Christian Ratsch 7 1. Introduction 9 2. Reflections on the History and Scientific Study of Magic Mushrooms 10 3. The Current State of Knowledge About European Species 14 3.1 Psilocybe semilanceata: The Classic Species Among European Psychotropic Mushrooms 16 3.2 Psilocybe cyanescens: Potent Mushrooms Growing on Wood Debris 29 3.3 Panaeolus subbalteatus: Mycology and Myths about the Panaeolus Species 37 3.4 Inocybe aeruginascens: Fast-Spreading New Arrivals 44 3.5 Gymnopilus purpuratus: Magnificent Mushrooms from South America 51 3.6 Conocybe cyanopus: Tiny Mushrooms of Remarkable Potency 55 3.7 Pluteus salicinus: A Little-known Wood-Inhabiting Species 58 4. Mushroom Identification: Taxonomic Confusion and the Potential for Deadly Mistakes 61 5. The Bluing Phenomenon and Metol Testing: Reality vs. Wishful Thinking 63 6. Mushroom Cultivation: Classic Findings and New Techniques 66 7. Psychotropic Mushroom Species Around the World 77 7.1 Spotlight on North America and Hawaii 79 7.2 Mycophilia in Central and South America 82 7.3 Australia's Mycoflora Attracts Attention 84 7.4 European Customs and Conventions 87 7.5 Japanese Experimentation 93 7.6 Intoxications and the Oldest Known Mushroom Cult in Africa 95 7.7 Usage in Southeast Asia and the South Pacific Islands 98 8. Some Comments on Effects of Mushrooms from the Category Phantastika 102 9. Psychotherapy 108 10. Outlook 114 11. Bibliography 120 Index 129 Figure 2 - Psilocybe cubensis from Australia Figure 3 - Water color painting of Panaeolus subbalteatus (Germany, 1927). Figure 4 - Fresh Panaeolus subbalteatus mushrooms. FOREWORD Nobody knows precisely when the first magic mushroom emerged from the shadows of prehistory to enter the light of consciousness. Nobody knows when the first magic mushroom was eaten by a human being. Nobody knows just who the first magic mushroom eater was. In seeking answers to these questions, we can only speculate. Mycophobes, however, are quick to voice their conviction that only a fool would be reckless enough to want to attain a higher state of consciousness beyond the boundaries of everyday reality. And only a fool would attempt to do this by ingesting those odd little things that mysteriously thrive on decaying, humid soil, rotten wood and malodorous mounds of cow manure. Historically, magic, mushrooms have been feared and hated` since antiquity: magic mushrooms were thought to be made from poisons that had dripped from serpents' fangs; they were considered to be unclean emissions of evil spirits; moreover, mushrooms were a kn ure of Psilocybe semilanceata (with sclerotia formation). Figure 48 - Inocybe aeruginascens on grassy soil Figure 49 - Psilocybe cubensis on horse manure and rice. portions of mycelia whose texture is somewhat like wool. The kind of viruses known to appear in champignon cultures - where they have already caused a lot of damage - have so far not been found in cultures of the Psilocybe and Panaeolus species. It is safe to say that we currently know a great deal about the nutritional requirements of Psilocybe cubensis. To a lesser extent, such information is available about other species as well. Armed with this knowledge, future researchers may well discover new insights into physiology of these species, as well as the biochemical changes that occur during fruiting. In my experiments, it has already been established that the process of differentiation whereby mycelia are transformed into sclerotia or fruiting bodies is linked to increased production of psilocybin as well as psilocin, especially in Psilocybe cubensis. Due to the relatively complex methodology and the type of equipment needed to isolate and maintain sterile cultures, it appears unlikely that cultivation of Psilocybe cubensis mushrooms by laypersons will significantly heighten the mushroom's popularity or widen its area of distribution anytime soon. However, since the early 1980s, growing numbers of mycophiles in North America and Europe have successfully used "natural outdoor cultivation" to fruit Psilocybe cyanescens and similar species. This process involves selection of natural wood substrates striated with mycelia (rhizomorphs) that usually turn blue in response to handling. The mycelia are then transferred onto fresh wood chips or commercial mulch (not from cedar trees). After several months of growth, the mycelia fruit during the fall season. Figure 50 - Surface culture of Inocybe aeruginascens on a liquid nutrient medium. Figure 51 - Panaeolus subbalteatus on cow dung and rice. Figure 52 - Psilocybe cubensis on wet newspaper. CHAPTER 7 PSYCHOTROPIC MUSHROOM SPECIES AROUND THE WORLD Figure 53 - Psilocybe cubensis on compost. Figure 54 - Psilocybe stuntzii (grasslands variety) from British Columbia. Figure 55 - Giant mushroom sculpture from Kerala, India. There is considerable debate among experts about the significance and purpose of the sculpture. Figure 56 - Magic mushrooms & water buffalo t-shirt from Thailand, designed for the Western tourist market. CHAPTER 7.1 SPOTLIGHT ON NORTH AMERICA AND HAWAII In 1961, V.E. Tyler became the first investigator to report the detection of psilocybin in Psilocybe pelliculosa (Smith) Singer & Smith, a North American mushroom species. One year later, two research groups, working independently, discovered psilocybin, as well as psilocin, in samples of Psilocybe baeocystis Singer & Smith from the Pacific Northwest region of North America. Additional chemical and taxonomic findin <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/finding+shrooms+in+cow+shit.asp" title="In Shrooms In Finding Shrooms" alt="In Shrooms In Finding Shrooms" >In Shrooms In Finding Shrooms</a> <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/how+to+growing+magic+mushrooms+at+home/" title="How To Growing Magic Mushrooms At Home" alt="How To Growing Magic Mushrooms At Home" >How To Growing Magic Mushrooms At Home</a> <p align="right"> Those who ingest &#67&#111&#112&#101&#108&#97&#110&#100&#105&#97 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115&#44 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 </p> <p align="right"> went in waves.<br> Increasingly, all colors in her immediate surroundings coalesced into shades of green. &#84&#104&#101 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#102&#101&#97&#114&#115&#111&#109&#101&#59 the &#104&#101&#97&#100&#115&#13&#10&#111&#102 &#109&#111&#110&#115&#116&#101&#114&#115 &#98&#101&#99&#97&#109&#101 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#98&#108&#101 and a wall opened up into &#97&#110 &#97&#98&#121&#115&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#119&#97&#115 a succession of human figure with animal &#104&#101&#97&#100&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#110&#101&#120&#116 &#100&#97&#121&#44 everything was back to &#110&#111&#114&#109&#97&#108&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#111&#108&#100&#101&#115&#116 &#99&#104&#105&#108&#100 (age &#49&#52&#41 &#97&#108&#115&#111&#13&#10&#115&#97&#119 &#104&#101&#114 &#112&#97&#114&#101&#110&#116&#115&#39 &#104&#97&#105&#114 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114 turn green, had dilated pupils and watched geometric shapes appear on the wall.<br> The &#121&#111&#117&#110&#103&#101&#115&#116 &#99&#104&#105&#108&#100&#13&#10&#40&#97&#103&#101 &#49&#49&#41 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#100 &#99&#114&#97&#109&#112&#115 &#97&#110&#100 lost consciousness. In 1960, Singer and Guzman suggested that &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#109&#105&#103&#104&#116 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110&#13&#10&#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#44 because of the intense blue staining they &#104&#97&#100 &#111&#98&#115&#101&#114&#118&#101&#100&#46 &#73&#116 &#119&#97&#115&#110&#39&#116 until after the intoxications in &#77&#101&#110&#116&#111&#110 &#104&#97&#100 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#112&#117&#98&#108&#105&#99&#105&#122&#101&#100&#44 that a research &#116&#101&#97&#109 &#119&#111&#114&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#65&#46 &#72&#111&#102&#109&#97&#110&#110&#13&#10&#100&#101&#116&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 0.2% of psilocybin &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#46&#13&#10&#67&#111&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 powerful effects, however, &#116&#104&#105&#115&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#99&#101&#110&#116&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#115 &#116&#111 &#98&#101 too low &#116&#111 &#99&#97&#117&#115&#101 &#115&#117&#99&#104&#13&#10&#105&#109&#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#105&#118&#101 &#114&#101&#97&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#46 Later on, Sandoz Laboratories reported &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#101&#118&#101&#108 &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#100&#114&#105&#101&#100 samples as 0.8%, along with 1.2% psilocin. The level of &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#105&#110&#44 &#104&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 &#109&#97&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110&#13&#10&#102&#97&#108&#115&#101&#108&#121 elevated &#98&#121 &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#111&#102 serotonin and its derivates in the &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#115&#97&#109&#112&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#119&#97&#115&#13&#10&#98&#101&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100&#46&#13&#10&#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 to Stijve, &#97 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#115&#97&#109&#112&#108&#101&#13&#10&#99&#111&#108&#108&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#98&#121 J.W. Allen in Thailand contained 0.<br>4% - 1.05% of psilocin, with only trace amounts of &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#59 &#115&#101&#114&#111&#116&#111&#110&#105&#110 &#119&#97&#115 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#116 in large amounts, comparable to concentrations found in all Panaeolus species.<br> Apparently, Panaeolus cyanescens produces more psilocin than &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#46 &#83&#116&#105&#108&#108&#44 &#73&#13&#10&#119&#97&#115 &#97&#98&#108&#101 to detect 0.4% of psilocybin in mycelia cultivated on malt agar, with no other indole compounds <H3> Pictures of Nordic Warriors</H3> present. Discussion of the &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#13&#10&#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110 &#105&#110&#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101 without pointing out that those subjectively &#116&#101&#114&#114&#105&#102&#121&#105&#110&#103 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#115&#101&#115&#13&#10&#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#49&#57&#54&#53 cannot &#98&#101 &#97&#116&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#97 specific mushroom ingredient, but were likely precipitated by the circumstances (set and setting) surrounding the incident. The &#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#74&#46&#13&#10&#65&#108&#108&#101&#110 <u> blue stain gold caps magic mushroom</u> in &#72&#97&#119&#97&#105&#105 &#97&#102&#116&#101&#114 &#101&#97&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#50&#48 specimens paint a different picture altogether: With radio music playing softly in the dark, euphoria began to come on in &#119&#97&#118&#101&#115&#46 &#65&#102&#116&#101&#114&#13&#10&#50&#48 &#109&#105&#110&#117&#116&#101&#115&#44 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#115 became so intense that I tried to <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/Dipropyltryptamine+poland.asp" title="Poland wild shrooms Poland" alt="Poland wild shrooms Poland" >Poland wild shrooms Poland</a> close &#109&#121 &#101&#121&#101&#115&#46 &#87&#104&#101&#110&#101&#118&#101&#114 &#49 did close my eyes, my &#101&#121&#101&#108&#105&#100&#115 &#102&#101&#108&#116 &#97&#115 &#105&#102 they were being sprayed from the outside. &#67&#111&#108&#111&#114&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#115&#104&#97&#114&#112 &#97&#110&#100 clear, &#98&#117&#116&#13&#10&#73 &#97&#108&#119&#97&#121&#115 &#113&#117&#105&#99&#107&#108&#121 &#111&#112&#101&#110&#101&#100 my eyes again. &#67&#111&#108&#111&#114&#115&#13&#10&#119&#101&#114&#101 &#100&#97&#110&#99&#105&#110&#103 &#108&#105&#107&#101 &#108&#97&#115&#101&#114 beams &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#114&#104&#121&#116&#104&#109 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 music. The stars in the sky &#97&#115&#115&#101&#109&#98&#108&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#99&#108&#117&#115&#116&#101&#114&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#114&#101&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 all the way into my soul. I was a little scared at the idea &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#111&#99&#101&#97&#110&#13&#10&#119&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#109&#105&#103&#104&#116 &#114&#117&#115&#104 up all the way into our hut. Other &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#44 &#102&#101&#101&#108&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#111&#102 euphoria were overwhelming. At &#116&#105&#109&#101&#115&#44 &#73 &#119&#97&#115 &#111&#118&#101&#114&#99&#111&#109&#101 by fits of laughter. That &#110&#105&#103&#104&#116&#44 &#73 &#115&#108&#101&#112&#116 &#108&#105&#107&#101 &#34&#97 prince ". The following morning I gathered up my belongings and &#104&#97&#100 &#116&#111 &#119&#97&#108&#107 &#98&#97&#99&#107 across the &#112&#97&#115&#116&#117&#114&#101 &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#73&#13&#10&#104&#97&#100 &#99&#111&#108&#108&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 mushrooms the day before. I noticed a &#108&#111&#116 &#111 </p> <p align="justify"> The majority of adverse physical effects or negative psychological &#114&#101&#97&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#112&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#34&#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 mushrooms" generally result from inappropriate set &#97&#110&#100 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#99&#116&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#111&#114 &#98&#101&#99&#97&#117&#115&#101 of improper dosage, which may vary considerably among consumers, different mushroom species, or even within an individual species.<br> The question of &#100&#111&#115&#97&#103&#101 &#105&#115 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#99&#111&#110&#102&#117&#115&#101&#100 by the variation in &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#111&#117&#114&#99&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 hallucinogenic mushroom species which is consumed. &#70&#111&#114 &#101&#120&#97&#109&#112&#108&#101&#44 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115&#44 &#119&#104&#101&#110 picked and eaten from its natural dung &#40&#109&#97&#110&#117&#114&#101&#41 &#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#97&#116&#44 &#112&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#101&#115 &#97 relatively &#109&#105&#108&#100 &#109&#105&#110&#100&#97&#108&#116&#101&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 is evident from &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101 &#97&#109&#111&#117&#110&#116&#115 &#111&#102 &#102&#114&#101&#115&#104 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#109&#101&#110&#115 needed to &#97&#99&#104&#105&#101&#118&#101 &#97 &#116&#104&#114&#101&#115&#104&#111&#108&#100 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#46 However when grown in &#118&#105&#116&#114&#111 &#40&#105&#110&#100&#111&#111&#114 &#108&#97&#98&#111&#114&#97&#116&#111&#114&#121 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#105&#118&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#97&#110&#100&#47&#111&#114 illicit cultivation), Psilocybe &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#97&#112&#112&#97&#114&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121 &#99&#97&#110 &#112&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#101 a more potent strain capable of &#105&#110&#100&#117&#99&#105&#110&#103 &#97 &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#110&#115&#101 visual, sometimes quite disturbing, experience. &#84&#104&#105&#115 <u> identifying magic mushrooms in queensland</u> &#100&#111&#115&#97&#103&#101 &#97&#115&#115&#117&#109&#101&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 the consumption &#111&#102 &#49 &#116&#111 &#51 &#103&#109 of dried material would be too low if the &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#109&#101&#110 &#99&#97&#109&#101 &#102&#114&#111&#109 a wild source. This &#108&#111&#119 &#112&#111&#116&#101&#110&#99&#121 &#102&#111&#114 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/blue+stain+gold+caps+magic+mushroom.asp" title="Blue Stain Mushroom Gold Magic Blue" alt="Blue Stain Mushroom Gold Magic Blue" >Blue Stain Mushroom Gold Magic Blue</a> cubensis has been confirmed by research scientists Margot & Watling, (1981), who were &#115&#117&#114&#112&#114&#105&#115&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#97&#114&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#108&#121 small amounts of &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#105&#110 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 they extracted from wild specimens collected from &#102&#105&#118&#101 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#105&#110 Australia. This &#115&#117&#103&#103&#101&#115&#116&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#97 &#109&#117&#99&#104 larger &#100&#111&#115&#101 &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#98&#101 &#114&#101&#113&#117&#105&#114&#101&#100 to produce significant <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/psilocybin+mushrooms+growing+kit+sold+to+canada.asp" title="Psilocybin Mushrooms Growing Kit Sold To Canada" alt="Psilocybin Mushrooms Growing Kit Sold To Canada" >Psilocybin Mushrooms Growing Kit Sold To Canada</a> hallucinations. &#73&#116 &#105&#115 &#112&#111&#115&#115&#105&#98&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116 the chemicals most likely degenerated between the time that they were harvested &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#116&#105&#109&#101 &#111&#102 analysis. However, &#105&#116 &#115&#104&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#98&#101 <H2> identifying magic mushrooms in queensland</H2> &#110&#111&#116&#101&#100 that a strain &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#112&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#105&#110&#103 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116 flushes (harvests) &#119&#105&#108&#108 &#118&#97&#114&#121 &#115&#111&#109&#101&#119&#104&#97&#116 &#105&#110 potency between flushes. </p> Existing evidence indicates &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#109&#97&#110 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 Old World —Europe, Asia, Africa, and &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#8212&#104&#97&#115 &#109&#97&#100&#101 &#108&#101&#115&#115 &#117&#115&#101 of native plants &#97&#110&#100 &#115&#104&#114&#117&#98&#115 &#102&#111&#114 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 hallucinogenic properties than has man &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#78&#101&#119 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100&#46 There is little reason to &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#118&#101&#103&#101&#116&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 of <H3>Season Season Season</H3> one <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/shrooms+scotland+grow+kit/" title="Shrooms Scotland Grow Kit" alt="Shrooms Scotland Grow Kit" >Shrooms Scotland Grow Kit</a> half of the &#103&#108&#111&#98&#101 <b> findingand picking shrooms in australia</b> &#105&#115 &#112&#111&#111&#114&#101&#114 &#111&#114 richer &#105&#110 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99 properties than the other half. Why, then, should &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#98&#101 &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#100&#105&#115&#112&#97&#114&#105&#116&#121&#63 Has man in the Old World simply &#110&#111&#116 &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#109&#97&#110&#121 &#111&#102 the native hallucinogenic plants? Are some of them too toxic in other ways to be &#117&#116&#105&#108&#105&#122&#101&#100&#63 &#79&#114 &#104&#97&#115 &#109&#97&#110 in the Old World been culturally less &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#110&#97&#114&#99&#111&#116&#105&#99&#115&#63 &#87&#101 have no &#114&#101&#97&#108 &#97&#110&#115&#119&#101&#114&#46 &#66&#117&#116 &#119&#101 do know that the Old World has &#102&#101&#119&#101&#114 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#101&#109&#112&#108&#111&#121&#101&#100 hallucinogenically than does the New World: compared with &#111&#110&#108&#121 &#49&#53 &#111&#114 &#50&#48 species used in the Eastern Hemisphere, the species <b> Magic Mushroom Magic</b> used hallucinogenically in the Western Hemisphere number more than &#49&#48&#48&#33 &#89&#101&#116 &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#111&#102 the Old World hallucinogens today hold &#112&#108&#97&#99&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#112&#114&#105&#109&#97&#99&#121 &#116&#104&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#111&#114&#108&#100&#46 Cannabis, undoubtedly &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100 &#111&#102 all the &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#115&#44 &#105&#115 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/1960s+magic+mushroom.asp" title="1960S Magic Mushroom" alt="1960S Magic Mushroom" >1960S Magic Mushroom</a> &#112&#101&#114&#104&#97&#112&#115 &#116&#104&#101 best example.<br> The several solanaceous ingredients of medieval witches' brews—henbane, nightshade, belladonna, &#97&#110&#100 &#109&#97&#110&#100&#114&#97&#107&#101&#8212&#103&#114&#101&#97&#116&#108&#121 &#105&#110&#102&#108&#117&#101&#110&#99&#101&#100 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 philosophy, medicine, and even history for many years.<br> &#83&#111&#109&#101 &#112&#108&#97&#121&#101&#100 &#97&#110 &#101&#120&#116&#114&#97&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#97&#114&#105&#108&#121 vital religious role in the &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#65&#114&#121&#97&#110 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#111&#102 northern &#73&#110&#100&#105&#97&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#114&#111&#108&#101 &#111&#102 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#115 &#105&#110 the cultural and social development of many areas of <b></b> the Old World is &#111&#110&#108&#121 &#110&#111&#119 &#98&#101&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#110&#118&#101&#115&#116&#105&#103&#97&#116&#101&#100&#46 At every turn, its exte <p align="justify"> This document provides complete <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/psilocybin+mushrooms+growing+kit+sold+to+canada.asp" title="Psilocybin Mushrooms Growing Kit Sold To Canada" alt="Psilocybin Mushrooms Growing Kit Sold To Canada" >Psilocybin Mushrooms Growing Kit Sold To Canada</a> directions &#102&#111&#114 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#105&#118&#97&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 </p> </p> </div> <div id="footer"> <div class="left"> <a href="/ Background Shrooms.html" class="doNotPrint"> Gallery</a><br /> <a href="/ wild magic mushroom.html" class="doNotPrint">forum forum magic</a> </div> <br class="doNotDisplay doNotPrint" /> <div class="right"> copyright © 2006 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/liberty+cap+mushrooms+uk.asp" title="Liberty Cap Mushrooms Uk" alt="Liberty Cap Mushrooms Uk" >Liberty Cap Mushrooms Uk</a><br /> design by <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/nutrientrequirementsPsilocybe.asp" title="Nutrientrequirementspsilocybe" alt="Nutrientrequirementspsilocybe" >Nutrientrequirementspsilocybe</a> </div></div> </body>