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Beliefs such as these have survived to the present day. They persist, for example,,, as figures of speech, s u c h as the slick Austrian description of a societal misfit as someone "who ate those madness-inducing mushrooms." But, there is another, very different, magic mushroom legacy as well. Flesh of the Gods for Devil Worshippers The Old World. Mycenaean civilization began with a mushroom trip -Mushrooms were an ingredient in the ambrosia of Dionysus. Porphyrius, the fourth century Latin poet and contemporary of Emperor Konstantin, knew that magic mushrooms were the children of the gods. WHO WAS THE FIRST MAGICIAN? A quasi-cannibalistic ritual, the act of eating the children of the gods unlocked one's power to experience the truly divine. But not all mushrooms enable human beings to enter the realm of divine consciousness. This magic power resides in only those fungi known as "fool's mushrooms", which were considered poisonous and believed to be the spawn of the Devil throughout the late Middle Ages and well into modern times. The New World: The Aztecs in Mexico referred to a number of small, inconspicuous mushrooms as teonartacatl, or "flesh of the Gods." These sacred mushrooms were eaten during the course of rituals intended to contact the Gods in order to learn about the world and the realm of the divine. These magic mushroom rituals thoroughly spooked the Catholic Spaniards. The mushroom eaters, commonly thought of as Devil worshippers, were hounded by the Inquisition. Still, all good things survive the tests of time, so the cult of magic mushroom eaters did not become extinct. Like mycelia underground, the cult continued to flourish, and at the proper time in recorded history, in 1957, the fruit of the fully grown mushroom re-surfaced to draw widespread public attention. Valentine and Gordon Wasson became the heroes of the modern neo-mycophilic movement. Back to the Old World: The revelations and insights gained from the use of psychoactive mushrooms were so magically wonderful, that our native European "fool's mushrooms" - which were gene ; considered inedible - had to be recognized as closely related to the magic mushrooms of Mexico, the flesh of the Aztec Gods. The souls of magic mushrooms in Mexico and Germany are essentially made from the same substance: psilocybin. Jochen Gartz has made an extraordinary contribution to the field of mycology by embracing Germany's magic mushrooms and the scientific study and testing of these fungi. The research efforts upon which this book is based require nothing less than a fearless, brave and courageous consciousness, free of prejudice and mycophobia. I am convinced that a researcher's consciousness infused by the spirit of the magic mushroom is capable of far deeper scientific insights than we can ever expect from the usual ivory tower academics, isolated from reality ed and large numbers of studies were conducted, primarily with LSD. These investigators sought to discover the receptor binding sites for hallucinogenic compounds in the brain and to understand the mechanisms underlying the genesis of psychedelic visions. Today, we still lack a sound theoretical framework able to explain the relationship between chemical compounds and the manifestation of their psychoactivity. Even though basic research is certainly important, its methods, unfortunately, are often a function of a rather one-sided pharmacological approach to investigating the effects of psilocybin, LSD and mescaline - an approach that is, in fact, too narrow to address the remarkably unusual nature of these substances and their effects. Misunderstandings between pharmacologists and toxicologists on the one hand and psychiatrists and psychologists on the other can often be traced all the way back to the 1950's, creating a legacy of disputes and arguments that have yet to be resolved. S. Grof undertook the tedious task of analyzing 5,000 experimental LSD protocols in an effort to isolate "absolute" symptoms that are reported or occur all of the time. His results were negative. According to Grof, hallucinogenic substances are non-specific triggers causing a sequence of altered states of consciousness, which do not fit the syndrome labeled "toxic psychosis". Rather, it is the individual's personality, along with the experimental setting that significantly shape the nature of the psychedelic experience. This view is shared by a majority of experts with considerable experience in conducting psychedelics-assisted psychotherapy. Even "real" somatic symptoms, such as nausea or vomiting, can often be controlled through psychological intervention techniques administered by trained professionals. A Plethora of Names The broad range of possible experiences inspired the use of labels other than "hallucinogens", with widely differing semantic connotations: entheogens, psychedelics, illusionogens, psycholytics, psychomimetics, psychodysleptica, psychoemetics and others. "Phantastica" (Lewin) is the oldest label ever used to describe this class of substances. This term successfully evokes dream-like, fanciful aspects of the experience, as well as the potential for euphoric and dysphoric emotional overtones. More recent terminology often says more about semantic biases of those who use the labels than about any factual, objective characteristics of the alkaloids they refer to. Accordingly, official antidrug propaganda since the 1960's has disparaged "psychedelics" as excessively glamorous and too positive a label, as the term was popular among Timothy Leary's fans and supporters. When used in low doses or for the first time, these substances are most likely to bring about a kind of magical transformation of surroundings, with a heightened ability to perceive subtle differences along the color spectru <p align="justify"> e creek on wood chips <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/smoking+shrooms.asp" title="Smoking Shrooms" alt="Smoking Shrooms" >Smoking Shrooms</a> of Carpinus, Alnus and Salix, on raw compost mixtures of Picea, Pinus and Larix needles, as Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Figure 21 &#45 &#70&#114&#117&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#99&#117&#114&#118&#101 &#111&#102 Psilocybe cyanescens based &#111&#110 &#111&#98&#115&#101&#114&#118&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#97&#116 &#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108&#13&#10&#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 in the former Czechoslovakia. The &#109&#121&#99&#101&#108&#105&#97 &#109&#97&#107&#101 &#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 different &#107&#105&#110&#100&#115&#13&#10&#111&#102 &#112&#108&#97&#110&#116 &#100&#101&#98&#114&#105&#115 &#97&#110&#100 even grow on wet cardboard, where they &#100&#101&#118&#101&#108&#111&#112 &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#114&#104&#105&#122&#111&#109&#111&#114&#112&#104&#115 &#106&#117&#115&#116 like they would in nature.<br> Rhizomorphs are thick strands of mycelia that <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/hallucinate+mushrooms+from+horse+manure.asp" title="Hallucinate Mushrooms From Horse Manure" alt="Hallucinate Mushrooms From Horse Manure" >Hallucinate Mushrooms From Horse Manure</a> serve to transport nutrients and water. They also develop intense blue stains (see Figure 22).<br> Figure 23 Distribution pattern of Psilocybe cyanescens in Germany and adjacent areas (according to Krieglsteiner).<br> Locations are indicated by black &#100&#111&#116&#115&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#50&#50&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#98&#111&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97&#13&#10&#114&#104&#105&#122&#111&#109&#111&#114&#112&#104&#115 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 on wet cardboard. Figure 24 - Psilocybe cyanescens at a natural location (USA). Figure 25 - Psilocybe bohemica on twigs and leaves.<br> Impressive Experiences Psilocybe bohemica is a very &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#73&#116&#115 &#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#118&#105&#118&#105&#100&#108&#121 documented in the following account of one natural scientist's experience as part of controlled &#99&#108&#105&#110&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#116&#114&#105&#97&#108&#115 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#80&#114&#97&#103&#117&#101&#58&#13&#10&#65&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#51&#48 mg of &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 &#105&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#13&#10&#116&#105&#115&#115&#117&#101 &#119&#97&#115 prepared in hot water, with &#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115&#13&#10&#97&#108&#114&#101&#97&#100&#121 &#110&#111&#116&#105&#99&#101&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#116&#101&#110 &#109&#105&#110&#117&#116&#101&#115 &#97&#102&#116&#101&#114 ingestion. I grew increasingly quiet. At first, &#109&#121 &#108&#101&#103&#115 &#98&#101&#103&#97&#110 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#116&#105&#110&#103&#108&#101&#44 then my &#117&#110&#100&#101&#114&#97&#114&#109&#115 &#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108&#46 &#65&#115&#105&#100&#101 from a deeper breathing rhythm, few other somatic effects were noted. Initially there were fits of laughter caused by unusual cognitive associations; this laughter also &#97&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#116&#119&#111 &#34&#115&#111&#98&#101&#114&#34 guides. A growing hyperacuity interfered &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101 &#97&#98&#105&#108&#105&#116&#121 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#108&#105&#115&#116&#101&#110 to &#109&#117&#115&#105&#99&#44 &#115&#111 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#86&#105&#118&#97&#108&#100&#105&#39&#115 "Springtime" caused painful stabs inside the brain. I compared the pain to that &#99&#97&#117&#115&#101&#100 &#98&#121 <u> www.magicgrowingmushrooms.com</u> &#97 &#34&#115&#97&#119&#105&#110&#103 knife". The experimenters appeared bloated &#97&#110&#100 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#46&#46&#46&#13&#10&#69&#120&#105&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#98&#111&#100&#105&#108&#121 &#99&#104&#97&#114&#97&#99&#116&#101&#114&#105&#115&#116&#105&#99&#115&#44 such as thinning hair stimulated a person's illusionary transformation into a <u> vision while on mushrooms</u> monk with tonsure. Their voices also appeared reverent and, from a somewhat paranoid point of view, these &#103&#101&#110&#116&#108&#101&#109&#101&#110&#13&#10&#97&#116 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 &#115&#101&#101&#109&#101&#100 &#116&#111 be working &#97 &#115&#119&#105&#116&#99&#104&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#116&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#116&#104&#97&#116&#44 &#102&#111&#114 &#115&#111&#109&#101 reasons, was my &#101&#110&#101&#109&#121&#46 &#65&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#97&#109&#101&#13&#10&#116&#105&#109&#101&#44 I found both of them to &#98&#101 &#113&#117&#105&#116&#101 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#97&#98&#108&#101&#46&#13&#10&#68&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#116&#105&#109&#101 period, the other female subject perceived fantastic images of &#109&#111&#118&#105&#110&#103 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#115 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#115&#97&#119 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#115 of her whole life unfolding behind closed &#101&#121&#101&#115&#46 &#68&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#112&#101&#114&#105&#111&#100&#44 I had the distinct impression &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#97&#110 &#101&#108&#101&#99&#116&#114&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#99&#117&#114&#114&#101&#110&#116 was flowing through my body, which was not an uncomfortable sensation. &#65&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#114&#101&#101 &#104&#111&#117&#114&#115 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114&#44 the gentlemen retired to the kitchen &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101 &#111&#102 the experience changed quite drastically. At &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#73 &#102&#101&#108&#116 &#97&#115 if my legs were increasingly merging into the wall, a very comfortable experience. In &#97 &#115&#116&#97&#116&#101 &#111&#102 &#117&#116&#116&#101&#114 clarity of consciousness, I finally felt as if I had no body at all. I said. "The &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#112&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#101&#120&#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#115 the experience of a pure soul".<br> Using &#119&#111&#114&#100&#115 &#97&#115 &#116&#114&#105&#103&#103&#101&#114&#115&#44&#13&#10&#119&#101 &#119&#101&#114&#101 able to induce &#115&#104&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#111 </p> As they say, ʼTis the season to be pickingʼ, but make <p align="left"> &#111&#119&#110&#13&#10&#99&#97&#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#100&#101&#97&#116&#104 and disease, bloated stomachs and insanity. Beliefs &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#104&#97&#118&#101 survived to the present day. They &#112&#101&#114&#115&#105&#115&#116&#44 &#102&#111&#114 &#101&#120&#97&#109&#112&#108&#101&#44&#44&#44 &#97&#115&#13&#10&#102&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101&#115 of speech, s u c h as the slick Austrian description &#111&#102 &#97 &#115&#111&#99&#105&#101&#116&#97&#108 &#109&#105&#115&#102&#105&#116 as someone &#34&#119&#104&#111&#13&#10&#97&#116&#101 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#109&#97&#100&#110&#101&#115&#115&#45&#105&#110&#100&#117&#99&#105&#110&#103 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#46&#34&#13&#10&#66&#117&#116&#44 there is another, very &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116&#44&#13&#10&#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#108&#101&#103&#97&#99&#121 &#97&#115 well. Flesh of the Gods &#102&#111&#114 &#68&#101&#118&#105&#108 &#87&#111&#114&#115&#104&#105&#112&#112&#101&#114&#115&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#79&#108&#100 World. Mycenaean civilization began &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#116&#114&#105&#112 -Mushrooms &#119&#101&#114&#101&#13&#10&#97&#110 &#105&#110&#103&#114&#101&#100&#105&#101&#110&#116 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 ambrosia &#111&#102 &#68&#105&#111&#110&#121&#115&#117&#115&#46&#13&#10&#80&#111&#114&#112&#104&#121&#114&#105&#117&#115&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#117&#114&#116&#104 century Latin poet &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#116&#101&#109&#112&#111&#114&#97&#114&#121 &#111&#102 &#69&#109&#112&#101&#114&#111&#114 &#75&#111&#110&#115&#116&#97&#110&#116&#105&#110&#44 knew that magic mushrooms were the children of the gods.<br> WHO WAS THE FIRST MAGICIAN? A quasi-cannibalistic ritual, the act of eating the children of the gods &#117&#110&#108&#111&#99&#107&#101&#100 &#111&#110&#101&#39&#115 &#112&#111&#119&#101&#114 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101 the truly <H1>manure cow psilocybin manure cow</H1> divine. But not all mushrooms &#101&#110&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#104&#117&#109&#97&#110 &#98&#101&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#116&#111 enter the realm of divine consciousness. This magic power resides in only &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#97&#115 "fool's mushrooms", which were &#99&#111&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#112&#111&#105&#115&#111&#110&#111&#117&#115&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#101&#100 &#116&#111 be the spawn of the Devil throughout the late Middle Ages and &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#105&#110&#116&#111&#13&#10&#109&#111&#100&#101&#114&#110 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#78&#101&#119 World: The Aztecs in Mexico referred &#116&#111 &#97 &#110&#117&#109&#98&#101&#114 &#111&#102 small, inconspicuous mushrooms as teonartacatl, &#111&#114 &#34&#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#71&#111&#100&#115&#46&#34 These sacred mushrooms were eaten during the &#99&#111&#117&#114&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#114&#105&#116&#117&#97&#108&#115 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#110&#100&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#97&#99&#116&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 Gods in order to learn about the &#119&#111&#114&#108&#100 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#97&#108&#109 &#111&#102 the divine. &#84&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#13&#10&#114&#105&#116&#117&#97&#108&#115 &#116&#104&#111&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 spooked &#116&#104&#101 &#67&#97&#116&#104&#111&#108&#105&#99&#13&#10&#83&#112&#97&#110&#105&#97&#114&#100&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 eaters, commonly thought of as Devil worshippers, were hounded by &#116&#104&#101 &#73&#110&#113&#117&#105&#115&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 &#83&#116&#105&#108&#108&#44 &#97&#108&#108 good things survive the tests &#111&#102 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#44 &#115&#111 &#116&#104&#101 cult &#111&#102 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#13&#10&#101&#97&#116&#101&#114&#115 &#100&#105&#100 not become &#101&#120&#116&#105&#110&#99&#116&#46 &#76&#105&#107&#101 &#109&#121&#99&#101&#108&#105&#97&#13&#10&#117&#110&#100&#101&#114&#103&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100&#44 &#116&#104&#101 cult continued to flourish, and at the proper time in &#114&#101&#99&#111&#114&#100&#101&#100 &#104&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#121&#44 &#105&#110 &#49&#57&#53&#55&#44&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 fruit of the &#102&#117&#108&#108&#121 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#114&#101&#45&#115&#117&#114&#102&#97&#99&#101&#100&#13&#10&#116&#111 draw widespread public &#97&#116&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 &#86&#97&#108&#101&#110&#116&#105&#110&#101&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 &#71&#111&#114&#100&#111&#110 &#87&#97&#115&#115&#111&#110 became the heroes of the modern neo-mycophilic movement. Back &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#79&#108&#100 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100&#58 The revelations and insights gained &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 psychoactive mushrooms &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#115&#111 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#119&#111&#110&#100&#101&#114&#102&#117&#108&#44 that our &#110&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 &#34&#102&#111&#111&#108&#39&#115 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#34 - which were &#103&#101&#110&#101 &#59 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#101&#100&#105&#98&#108&#101 - had to be recognized as &#99&#108&#111&#115&#101&#108&#121 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 magic mushrooms of Mexico, the flesh of the Aztec Gods.<br> The &#115&#111&#117&#108&#115 &#111&#102 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 in Mexico and Germany are essentially made &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#97&#109&#101&#13&#10&#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101&#58 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#46&#13&#10&#74&#111&#99&#104&#101&#110 Gartz &#104&#97&#115 &#109&#97&#100&#101 &#97&#110 &#101&#120&#116&#114&#97&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#97&#114&#121&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 to &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#101&#108&#100 &#111&#102 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#121 by embracing Germany's magic mushrooms and the scientific study &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#101&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 fungi. The &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104&#13&#10&#101&#102&#102&#111&#114&#116&#115 &#117&#112&#111&#110 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/psilocybe+subaeruginosa.asp" title="Psilocybe Subaeruginosa" alt="Psilocybe Subaeruginosa" >Psilocybe Subaeruginosa</a> &#116&#104&#105&#115 book is based require nothing less than a fearless, brave and <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magicmushroompickingwales.asp" title="Magicmushroompickingwales" alt="Magicmushroompickingwales" >Magicmushroompickingwales</a> courageous consciousness, free of prejudice &#97&#110&#100 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#111&#98&#105&#97&#46 &#73&#13&#10&#97&#109 &#99&#111&#110&#118&#105&#110&#99&#101&#100 that &#97 &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104&#101&#114&#39&#115 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#13&#10&#105&#110&#102&#117&#115&#101&#100 &#98&#121 the spirit of the magic mushroom &#105&#115&#13&#10&#99&#97&#112&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#111&#102 &#102&#97&#114 &#100&#101&#101&#112&#101&#114 scientific insights &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#119&#101&#13&#10&#99&#97&#110 &#101&#118&#101&#114 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#99&#116 from the usual ivory tower academics, isolated from reality </p> Most users of the psychoactive visionary mushrooms have very little knowledge of their scientific names. Instead, they have given their favorite species local epithets which are commonly used by those who collect and ingest them. Some of these popular names are also known and applied by users outside of Australia and NZ. "Magic Mushrooms" is the most common term applied to any mushroom which contains psilocybine and/or psilocine. It was invented by a Life Magazine editor in l957 ( see Wasson, l957). Psilocybe cubensis is known in Australia as "golden tops", "gold tops" or sometimes "gold caps." The Australian epithets may have been given to this species by members of a local, drugusing group of surfers which frequented the Gold Coast region of Eastern Australia; however, some of these names have apparently been used to describe several different species of Psilocybe by users in Australia (see Allen, 1997). As mentioned above, Psilocybe cubensis is not known to occur in New Zealand. Those who ingest Copelandia cyanescens, known in Australia and New Zealand as "blue meanies", also refer to this species as "Blue Legs", "golden tops" or "gold caps". The latter two nicknames, as well as "dimple tops" and "cone heads", are common terms applied to Copelandia cyanescens in the Hawaiian Islands; and some of these same popular names have also been used by visiting surfers from both New Zealand and Australia, to describe the macroscopic characteristics of Copelandia cyanescens. These same surfers visiting Hawaii's North Shore have reportedly ingested mushrooms prior to surfing, as do many of the locally based surfers in Australia and NZ. <p align="justify"> It has &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#115&#117&#103&#103&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#97&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110 &#112&#104&#121&#115&#105&#99&#105&#97&#110 that the general public in Australia, as well as members of &#105&#116&#115 &#100&#114&#117&#103 &#117&#115&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#117&#98&#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#44 first &#98&#101&#99&#97&#109&#101 &#97&#119&#97&#114&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 visionary properties &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 by &#97 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#117&#114&#102&#101&#114&#40&#115&#41&#44 &#119&#104&#111 came &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#101&#105&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#78&#101&#119 &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100 or the United States &#40&#72&#97&#119&#97&#105&#105&#41 &#97&#110&#100 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121 provided <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/shrooms+scotland+grow+kit/" title="Shrooms Scotland Grow Kit" alt="Shrooms Scotland Grow Kit" >Shrooms Scotland Grow Kit</a> ethnomycological information to local surfers (McCarthy, 1971).<br> This physician reported that the use of psychoactive mushrooms, as well as 21 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#100&#114&#117&#103&#115 &#34&#119&#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108 demonstrated during a &#115&#117&#114&#118&#101&#121 &#111&#110 &#100&#114&#117&#103 &#97&#98&#117&#115&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116 was &#99&#111&#110&#100&#117&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104&#101&#114&#110 &#81&#117&#101&#101&#110&#115&#108&#97&#110&#100 during l969." This &#115&#117&#114&#118&#101&#121 &#114&#101&#108&#105&#101&#100 &#111&#110 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#118&#105&#101&#119&#115 of 51 &#112&#101&#111&#112&#108&#101 &#98&#101&#108&#111&#110&#103&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#34&#116&#104&#101 `surfer' subculture local beach resorts". In &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#111&#99&#116&#111&#114 believed that "although the survey involved surfers and their female friends, there is no suggestion that the use of <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/mushroonsthatgrowincowcompost.asp" title="Mushroonsthatgrowincowcompost" alt="Mushroonsthatgrowincowcompost" >Mushroonsthatgrowincowcompost</a> these drugs &#105&#115 &#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#105&#115 group, which constitutes but &#97 &#112&#114&#111&#112&#111&#114&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#111&#117&#114 (Australian) young drug taking community." It is thus likely that word-of-mouth communication made &#97 &#115&#105&#103&#110&#105&#102&#105&#99&#97&#110&#116 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#116&#111 the increasing use &#111&#102 &#34&#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#34 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 and NZ. </p> xican mushroom species, so that these materials need not be repeated in this context. However, certain aspects concerning the more recent uses of these mushrooms as well as their conditions of growth will receive more detailed attention in later chapters. The main purpose of this book is to inspire further study of these mushrooms, particularly basic research efforts and medical applications of magic mushroom ingredients. The extensive bibliography will help scientists and other interested mycophiles to further immerse themselves in this complex area of study. Jochen Gartz Figure 6 - Bronze doors with mushroom motif entitled "Trial and Judgment" at Hildesheim Cathedral, Germany (ca. 1020). CHAPTER 2 REFLECTIONS ON THE HISTORY AND SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF MAGIC MUSHROOMS It is remarkable that cultures native to the American continent knew about a relatively large number of natural mind-altering substances compared to early cultures that evolved in Europe or Asia. Botanical evidence does not support the notion that Europe is home to fewer hallucinogenic plants than other regions. Furthermore, the growing number of recently discovered European mushroom species containing psilocybin indicate a flourishing psychotropic mycoflora in Europe similar to those found in other countries. It is unlikely that early European cultures learned less about local plants and mushrooms through usage and experience than cultures elsewhere in the world. Most likely, early cultural knowledge of European psychoactive plants and mushrooms was lost or destroyed at some time in history, probably as early as several hundred years ago. The discovery that the fly agaric mushroom (Amanita muscaria) was known for its psychoactive properties in Siberia invited the conclusion that this mushroom was used as a psychotropic agent in medieval Europe as well. In fact, there is very little evidence from the Middle Ages to indicate widespread knowledge of the effects of specific mushrooms on human consciousness. However, I believe that past reports on psychoactive mushrooms were causally linked to Amanita muscaria simply because this was the only known psychotropic mushroom in Europe at that time. While the usage of Amanita muscaria among Siberian tribes has generated reports of spectacular hallucinations, European accounts of fly agaric intoxications do not generally include descriptions of such intensely hallucinatory effects. Accordingly, the potent hallucinogenic effects of specific Psilocybes and related species are likely to have had a much more significant influence on early European cultures than the delirium-like visions induced by Amanita muscaria, a species that is also known to induce unconsciousness and severe somatic side effects. This hypothesis is corroborated by data from comprehensive field studies conducted in Mexico. I believe that historic accounts including those described below - indicate a knowledge of by A. Hofmann, Sandoz Pharmaceuticals manufactured about 2 kg (ca. 4.4lbs) of pure psilocybin for scientific research purposes. The results of pharmacological testing soon revealed psilocybin as an alkaloid that was perfectly safe for human subjects under controlled experimental conditions. Despite this evidence, the anti-drug legislative framework of the mid1960s firmly established an "official mycophobia", a misguided, yet entrenched policy that still prevails today and effectively prevents the scientific investigation of promising potential applications for psilocybin and other alkaloids. At the same time, mycological and biochemical research studies have shown that psilocybincontaining mushrooms thrive all over the world and can be found on all continents. These mushrooms are no different from any other mycoflora and must not be excluded from scientific investigation because of their alkaloid content. In addition to overall variations in value systems across cultures, individuals tend to develop their own personal attitudes towards mushrooms in general. Oftentimes, the evolution of specific opinions about mushrooms can be traced back to childhood events, even though such early experiences seldom account for the development of prevailing biases and value systems later in life. I recall an incident from my own childhood, which occurred when I was about five years old. I was playing in a grassy meadow, when a girl pointed to a brown mushroom and earnestly explained that it was inedible and poisonous. While I have never forgotten this encounter, I did grow up to become a devoted mushroom enthusiast. On the other hand, a different childhood event has left me with the vivid memory of discovering a landfill virtually covered with vast numbers of gilled bluing mushrooms and the sense of awe I experienced contemplating this sight. In general, the unusual characteristics of these mushrooms are most likely responsible for strong impressions formed early in life, which then may develop into various attitudes or beliefs later on. An enduring personal interest in psychotropic mushroom species can serve to amplify or diminish mycophobic as well as mycophilic dispositions, depending on the influence of other factors. After all, judgments about the benefit or folly of deliberately altering one's state of consciousness are also colored by individual preferences, biases and opinions. The following chapters are meant to illustrate this diversity of attitudes towards psychotropic mushrooms. Descriptions of planned and involuntary experiments with specific mushroom species offer convincing evidence that the effects of psychoactive mushrooms are open to many possible interpretations. CHAPTER 3 THE CURRENT STATE OF KNOWLEDGE ABOUT EUROPEAN SPECIES Figure 7 - Distribution pattern of Psilocybe cyanescens across Europe and North Africa (according to Krieglsteiner). Black dots indicate approximate locatio <u> COW COW COW</u> As they say, ʼTis <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/mycology.asp" title="Mycology" alt="Mycology" >Mycology</a> &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#101&#97&#115&#111&#110 &#116&#111 &#98&#101 pickingʼ, &#98&#117&#116 &#109&#97&#107&#101 own cause of death and disease, bloated stomachs and insanity. Beliefs such as these have survived to the present day. They persist, for example,,, as figures of speech, s u c h as the slick Austrian description of a societal misfit as someone "who ate those madness-inducing mushrooms." But, there is another, very different, magic mushroom legacy as well. Flesh of the Gods for Devil Worshippers The Old World. Mycenaean civilization began with a mushroom trip -Mushrooms were an ingredient in the ambrosia of Dionysus. Porphyrius, the fourth century Latin poet and contemporary of Emperor Konstantin, knew that magic mushrooms were the children of the gods. WHO WAS THE FIRST MAGICIAN? A quasi-cannibalistic ritual, the act of eating the children of the gods unlocked one's power to experience the truly divine. But not all mushrooms enable human beings to enter the realm of divine consciousness. This magic power resides in only those fungi known as "fool's mushrooms", which were considered poisonous and believed to be the spawn of the Devil throughout the late Middle Ages and well into modern times. The New World: The Aztecs in Mexico referred to a number of small, inconspicuous mushrooms as teonartacatl, or "flesh of the Gods." These sacred mushrooms were eaten during the course of rituals intended to contact the Gods in order to learn about the world and the realm of the divine. These magic mushroom rituals thoroughly spooked the Catholic Spaniards. The mushroom eaters, commonly thought of as Devil worshippers, were hounded by the Inquisition. Still, all good things survive the tests of time, so the cult of magic mushroom eaters did not become extinct. Like mycelia underground, the cult continued to flourish, and at the proper time in recorded history, in 1957, the fruit of the fully grown mushroom re-surfaced to draw widespread public attention. Valentine and Gordon Wasson became the heroes of the modern neo-mycophilic movement. Back to the Old World: The revelations and insights gained from the use of psychoactive mushrooms were so magically wonderful, that our native European "fool's mushrooms" - which were gene ; considered inedible - had to be recognized as closely related to the magic mushrooms of Mexico, the flesh of the Aztec Gods. The souls of magic mushrooms in Mexico and Germany are essentially made from the same substance: psilocybin. Jochen Gartz has made an extraordinary contribution to the field of mycology by embracing Germany's magic mushrooms and the scientific study and testing of these fungi. The research efforts upon which this book is based require nothing less than a fearless, brave and courageous consciousness, free of prejudice and mycophobia. I am convinced that a researcher's consciousness infused by the spirit of the magic mushroom is capable of far deeper scientific insights than we can ever expect from the usual ivory tower academics, isolated from reality <p align="right"> &#46 &#70&#111&#114&#13&#10&#116&#104&#97&#116 &#114&#101&#97&#115&#111&#110&#44 &#102&#114&#101&#101&#122&#101&#45&#100&#114&#105&#101&#100 samples for biochemical analysis are stored at -10°C prior to alkaloid extractions &#111&#114 &#99&#104&#114&#111&#109&#97&#116&#111&#103&#114&#97&#112&#104&#121 &#116&#101&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103&#46 &#73&#110 &#97&#100&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#116&#111 the reports from Finland, investigators in North America have noted that psilocybin's decay &#114&#97&#116&#101 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#115&#108&#111&#119&#101&#115&#116 &#105&#110 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 semilanceata, compared to other species. (1) <b>Manure Mushrooms Manure</b> R = H2P03 (2) &#82 &#61 &#72&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#49&#57 &#45 Structural formulas for psilocybin (1) and psilocin (2).<br> CH3 CH3 Psilocybe semilanceata Figure &#50&#48 &#45 &#68&#105&#115&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#112&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114&#110 of Psilocybe semilanceata in Germany and adjacent &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115&#46&#13&#10&#76&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#105&#110&#100&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#98&#121 black dots. CHAPTER 3.<br>2 PSILOCYBE CYANESCENS - POTENT MUSHROOMS GROWING &#79&#78 &#87&#79&#79&#68 &#68&#69&#66&#82&#73&#83&#13&#10&#65&#116 &#108&#101&#97&#115&#116 one other Psilocybe &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#97&#100&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#116&#111 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 semilanceata is known to exist in &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#46 &#65&#116 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#112&#111&#105&#110&#116&#44 I must emphasize that the differentiation of single &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#119&#105&#116&#104&#105&#110&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#103&#101&#110&#117&#115 is subject to considerable controversy among eminent taxonomists. &#70&#111&#114&#13&#10&#101&#120&#97&#109&#112&#108&#101&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#114&#101 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116 methods of distinguishing the Hypholoma genus from &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#83&#116&#114&#111&#112&#104&#97&#114&#105&#97 &#103&#101&#110&#117&#115&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#87&#105&#100&#101&#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100 &#68&#105&#115&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#111&#102 Psilocybe cyanescens While &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#105&#115 &#97 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#13&#10&#116&#104&#97&#116 has long been clearly &#100&#101&#102&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#97&#110&#100 &#105&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108&#13&#10&#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 by this name, there are, according to Krieglsteiner, other &#115&#116&#114&#111&#110&#103&#108&#121 &#98&#108&#117&#105&#110&#103 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#13&#10&#116&#104&#97&#116 &#99&#97&#110 be described as belonging to the "Psilocybe cyanescens &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#120&#34&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#97&#114&#101 &#97&#108&#108&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 that grow on raw compost and plant debris. In &#97&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#97&#110&#99&#101 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#99&#117&#114&#114&#101&#110&#116 &#115&#116&#97&#116&#101&#115 of knowledge, the following &#110&#97&#109&#101&#115 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#105&#116&#101&#114&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101 merely &#115&#121&#110&#111&#110&#121&#109&#115 &#102&#111&#114 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115&#13&#10&#87&#97&#107&#101&#102&#105&#101&#108&#100 emend. Krieglsteiner: different herbariums. However, the &#109&#105&#99&#114&#111&#115&#99&#111&#112&#105&#99&#13&#10&#100&#97&#116&#97 &#112&#101&#114&#116&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 Psilocybe species are poorly delineated and oftentimes overlap.<br> It is therefore imperative that additional mycological studies of Psilocybe cyanescens &#98&#101 &#112&#101&#114&#102&#111&#114&#109&#101&#100&#46 &#84&#111 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#101&#110&#100&#44&#13&#10&#102&#114&#101&#115&#104 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 samples &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#118&#97&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110&#13&#10&#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#115&#104&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#98&#101 used, and &#98&#105&#111&#99&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#109&#101&#116&#104&#111&#100&#115&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#116 &#98&#101 &#105&#110&#99&#108&#117&#100&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 investigation. Guzman's division of Psilocybe cyanescens by geographic area, however, &#100&#101&#102&#105&#110&#105&#116&#101&#108&#121 &#116&#117&#114&#110&#101&#100 &#111&#117&#116 &#116&#111 be inaccurate.<br> According to his system, -North Africa was home to <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/mario+shrooms.asp" title="Mario Shrooms" alt="Mario Shrooms" >Mario Shrooms</a> Psilocybe mairei, &#119&#104&#105&#108&#101 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#105&#110 England and Holland and Psilocybe serbica supposedly grew &#105&#110 &#83&#101&#114&#98&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#66&#111&#104&#101&#109&#105&#97&#46 &#84&#104&#101 geographic distribution &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#110&#116&#105&#114&#101&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#115&#101&#101&#109&#115 to cover a vast area, &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#118&#97&#114&#105&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#13&#10&#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#99&#108&#105&#109&#97&#116&#101 &#97&#110&#100 terrain at locations where &#115&#97&#109&#112&#108&#101&#115&#13&#10&#119&#101&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#108&#108&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100&#46 &#83&#117&#99&#104 &#100&#105&#115&#112&#97&#114&#97&#116&#101 morphologies are to be expected &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#100&#101&#97&#108&#105&#110&#103 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#34&#121&#111&#117&#110&#103&#34 species, that is, species that have not yet firmly &#101&#115&#116&#97&#98&#108&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101&#109&#115&#101&#108&#118&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#114&#101 &#115&#116&#105&#108&#108 expanding into new locations.<br> Figure &#55 &#40&#112&#46 &#49&#52&#41 &#100&#105&#115&#112&#108&#97&#121&#115 locations in Europe and North Africa where samples of Psilocybe cyanescens &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100&#46&#13&#10&#45 &#72&#121&#112&#104&#111&#108&#111&#109&#97 cyanescens R. Maire - Hypholoma coprinifacies (Rolland ss. Herink) Pouzar - &#71&#101&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#97 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#40&#82&#46 &#77&#97&#105&#114&#101&#41 Kuhner & Romagnesi - &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#114&#98&#105&#99&#97 &#77&#111&#115&#101&#114 &#38 &#72&#111&#114&#97&#107&#13&#10&#45 Psilocybe &#109&#97&#105&#114&#101&#105 &#83&#105&#110&#103&#101&#114&#13&#10&#45 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98 </p> <div align="justify"> as well. Below &#97&#114&#101&#13&#10&#115&#111&#109&#101 &#101&#120&#99&#101&#114&#112&#116&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#104&#105&#115 &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104 protocols: J.<br>H.<br> &#40&#97 &#50&#52&#45&#121&#101&#97&#114&#45&#111&#108&#100 &#109&#97&#108&#101&#41 &#105&#110&#103&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100 &#102&#111&#117&#114&#13&#10&#99&#111&#111&#107&#101&#100 mushrooms at night, after a meal (!), and then ate another three fresh mushrooms 30 &#109&#105&#110&#117&#116&#101&#115&#13&#10&#108&#97&#116&#101&#114&#46 &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#119&#97&#115 &#102&#111&#108&#108&#111&#119&#101&#100 &#98&#121 regurgitation, and 45 minutes later, he &#115&#116&#97&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#115&#119&#101&#97&#116 &#112&#114&#111&#102&#117&#115&#101&#108&#121 &#97&#108&#108 over his head and body. His pulse rate and &#98&#114&#101&#97&#116&#104&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#119&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#99&#99&#101&#108&#101&#114&#97&#116&#101&#100&#44 &#98&#117&#116 &#115&#108&#111&#119&#101&#100 down later on. He laid &#100&#111&#119&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#100 &#118&#105&#115&#117&#97&#108&#13&#10&#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#44 which caused him to panic and &#116&#111&#13&#10&#114&#117&#110 &#97 &#100&#105&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101 &#111&#102 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#49&#44&#50&#48&#48 ft. to consult the nearest doctor. The physician noted &#119&#105&#100&#101&#108&#121 &#100&#105&#108&#97&#116&#101&#100&#13&#10&#112&#117&#112&#105&#108&#115&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#112&#114&#111&#99&#101&#101&#100&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#104&#97&#118&#101 the patient's stomach <u> panaeolus panaeolus panaeolus panaeolus</u> pumped &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#110 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101&#100 &#108&#97&#120&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#114&#101&#101 hours later, &#116&#104&#101 &#97&#98&#110&#111&#114&#109&#97&#108 &#115&#116&#97&#116&#101 &#104&#97&#100 largely subsided; by the next morning, &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#119&#97&#115 &#110&#111&#13&#10&#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#111&#102 &#97&#110&#121 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#115&#105&#100&#101 effects. M.K. (a &#50&#50&#45&#121&#101&#97&#114&#45&#111&#108&#100 &#109&#97&#108&#101&#41 &#97&#116&#101 &#106&#117&#115&#116 one fresh mushroom, which had no effects at all. K .Y. (a 31-year-old &#109&#97&#108&#101&#41 &#97&#116&#101 &#102&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#46 &#82&#101&#103&#117&#114&#103&#105&#116&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 occurred 30 minutes after ingestion, followed &#98&#121 &#115&#119&#101&#97&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#97&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#104&#101&#97&#100 and body; his extremities appeared to be slightly paralyzed. This paralysis <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magic+mushrooms.asp" title="Magic Mushrooms" alt="Magic Mushrooms" >Magic Mushrooms</a> persisted &#102&#111&#114&#13&#10&#97&#110&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#114&#101&#101 &#104&#111&#117&#114&#115&#46 &#68&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 this time, the subject had great difficulties handling a pen for writing, his &#109&#111&#111&#100 &#119&#97&#115 &#100&#101&#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#101&#100 &#97&#110&#100 he experienced hallucinations, &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#97&#115 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#102&#117&#108 &#108&#105&#103&#104&#116&#115 <H3> Hallucinogenic Mushrooms Africa</H3> flooding down from the sky. By the &#102&#111&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#109&#111&#114&#110&#105&#110&#103&#44 &#97&#108&#108&#13&#10&#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 effects &#104&#97&#100 &#100&#105&#115&#115&#105&#112&#97&#116&#101&#100&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#102&#114&#101&#115&#104 fruiting bodies were bitter, &#97 &#116&#97&#115&#116&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#100&#105&#115&#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 after the mushrooms had &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#99&#111&#111&#107&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#119&#97&#116&#101&#114&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 above &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#109&#101&#110&#116&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#114&#97&#116&#104&#101&#114&#13&#10&#97&#109&#97&#116&#101&#117&#114&#105&#115&#104&#44 &#97&#110&#100 the descriptions &#111&#102 &#114&#101&#115&#117&#108&#116&#115 &#97&#114&#101&#13&#10&#104&#101&#97&#118&#105&#108&#121 &#105&#110&#102&#108&#117&#101&#110&#99&#101&#100 by a simplistic perspective which assumes that the mushrooms's pharmacological effects proceed along a single, narrow track. Still, these &#97&#99&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#115 &#100&#101&#109&#111&#110&#115&#116&#114&#97&#116&#101&#13&#10&#116&#104&#97&#116 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#97&#114&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#100&#111&#115&#97&#103&#101&#115 of Japanese mushroom species have psychotropic effects similar to those caused by Psilocybe species found on &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116&#115&#46&#13&#10&#77&#117&#99&#104 &#119&#111&#114&#107 &#115&#116&#105&#108&#108 &#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#115 to be done in &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#111&#102 &#112&#104&#121&#116&#111&#99&#104&#101&#109&#105&#115&#116&#114&#121 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#97&#120&#111&#110&#111&#109&#121 &#98&#101&#102&#111&#114&#101 the body &#111&#102 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#108&#101&#100&#103&#101 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 in Japan can grow &#116&#111 &#98&#101&#99&#111&#109&#101 &#97&#100&#101&#113&#117&#97&#116&#101&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#103&#101&#111&#103&#114&#97&#112&#104&#105&#99 distribution and ingredients of the Japanese Panaeolus species must also &#98&#101 &#115&#116&#117&#100&#105&#101&#100&#13&#10&#102&#117&#114&#116&#104&#101&#114&#46 &#70&#111&#114 &#105&#110&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101&#44 Panaeolus subbalteatus is one of the species that are growing on several Japanese islands today.<br> CHAPTER &#55&#46&#54&#13&#10&#73&#78&#84&#79&#88&#73&#67&#65&#84&#73&#79&#78&#83 &#65&#78&#68 &#84&#72&#69 &#79&#76&#68&#69&#83&#84 KNOWN MUSHROOM CULT IN AFRICA So far, the mycoflora of the African continent has been studied only peripherally and remains largely unknown. During the late 1980s, Italian mycologist G. Samorini and Terence McKenna, working independently, &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#99&#101&#13&#10&#102&#111&#114 &#116&#104&#101 &#111&#108&#100&#101&#115&#116 known mushroom cult in Africa. Their discoveries were not just &#115&#101&#110&#115&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108&#44 &#98&#117&#116&#13&#10&#109&#111&#115&#116 &#115&#117&#114&#112&#114&#105&#115&#105&#110&#103 &#97&#115 well. On the other &#104&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#105&#116&#13&#10&#114&#101&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#115&#104&#111&#117&#108&#100&#110&#39&#116 &#99&#111&#109&#101 as a surprise that &#116&#104&#101 &#111&#108&#100&#101&#115&#116&#13&#10&#116&#114&#97&#99&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#104&#117&#109&#97&#110 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#97&#99&#116 with mushrooms were found on the very &#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101 cradle of humanity.<br> 10,000 Years Old From 9,000 to </div> <i> mushroons that grow in cow compost</i> <div align="right"> <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/inocybe+aerugin.asp" title="Inocybe Aerugin" alt="Inocybe Aerugin" >Inocybe Aerugin</a> <H3> psilocybin mushrooms growing kit sold to canada</H3> There are more than 1 dozen species <i> mushroons in cow compost</i> of "magic mushrooms" in Australia and New </div> was followed by a very vivid sensation of the soul in flight, coupled with feelings of euphoria.When looking out the window into the dark night of a forest landscape, visions of strange patterns and formations occurred, which were deeply impressive and seemed to impart an inkling of eternity. At the end of four hours, the effects had dissipated without dysphoria or any type of somatic side effect. A control experiment for comparison purposes was performed using 0.8 g of dried Psilocybe semilanceata. The onset of symptoms was much more sudden, including a heavy flow of tears, so that there was an initial phase of anxiety. Only in a later phase of the experience was it possible to perceive ornaments in the form of "underwater streamers", and to appreciate the aesthetically enhanced nature of these visions. The regular pattern of. involuntary intoxications is a good indicator for the large scope of expansion of Inocybe aeruginascens into new habitats during the 1980s. For example, at the time of the initial intoxications - when the species was still restricted to a few easily quantifiable collections - the mushrooms had spread from Potsdam to the location known in 1982, and from there moved on to several other locations in the vicinity, where more than 150 mushrooms were found (see Figure 34). Symbiosis With Trees Starting in late May 1984, fruiting bodies of the species could be found in abundance at countless new locations across the Brandenburg region of Germany. They tend to grow near the roots of different deciduous trees (Populus, Tilia, Quercus, Betula), on lawns in parks and gardens, at the edges of trails and in the paved margin areas of tree-lined sidewalks (where they may even grow on bare, sandy soil) as well as amongst the greenery of residential areas in the suburbs and communities in and around Berlin. Herein lies the most marked difference between Inocybe aeruginascens and other European psychotropic mushroom species: Inocybe aeruginascens grows only in areas of human development. Their prime locations are in the middle of villages and towns, where they grow locally much like other Inocybe species. They may temporarily produce mass quantities of fruiting bodies, in those locations that are typical habitats for the edible varieties of the fairy ring mushroom. So far, the most abundant crop of fruiting bodies was observed in 1987, due to very wet weather conditions, which allowed the mushrooms to thrive. The following years were comparatively dry and the species hardly fruited at all. It wasn't until 1990 that a few mushrooms re-emerged at the classic location in Potsdam. Despite 1989 having been a bad year for mushrooms, it was the year when Inocybe aeruginascens was found for the first time at four locations in and around Rostock, a city located on the Eastern German coast, which is famous for its wet climate. Finding the mushrooms at these locations is evidence for a mu <p align="justify"> &#77&#111&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#104&#97&#108&#102 of Australia's &#98&#101&#101&#102 &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#99&#97&#110 &#98&#101 found in &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#111&#97&#115&#116&#97&#108 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#111&#102 Queensland and New &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104 &#87&#97&#108&#101&#115&#59 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#50&#48 &#116&#111 30 inch &#40&#53&#48&#48&#45&#55&#53&#48&#109&#109&#41 &#114&#97&#105&#110&#102&#97&#108&#108 &#98&#101&#108&#116 &#111&#102 Queensland, New &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104 &#87&#97&#108&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#111&#114&#116&#104&#101&#114&#110 &#86&#105&#99&#116&#111&#114&#105&#97&#44 &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#112&#114&#111&#118&#105&#100&#101 adequate climatic environments for the growth of psilocybian &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#44 &#101&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#97&#102&#116&#101&#114 &#104&#101&#97&#118&#121 rains.<br> It has been suggested that "Psilocybe cubensis was introduced into Australia &#97&#99&#99&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#98&#121 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#115&#101&#116&#116&#108&#101&#114&#115 along with &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#108&#105&#118&#101&#115&#116&#111&#99&#107&#46&#34 &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#115&#97&#109&#101 spore dispersal mechanism also probably &#97&#112&#112&#108&#105&#101&#115 &#116&#111 &#67&#111&#112&#101&#108&#97&#110&#100&#105&#97 <H3> prevent mushrooms on cattle dung</H3> &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115&#44 Panaeolus subbalteatus and &#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#97&#100&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111 &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114 in or around the dung of other ruminants. This includes Psilocybe semilanceata &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#110&#111&#110&#45&#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99 &#34&#104&#97&#121&#109&#97&#107&#101&#114&#39&#115&#34 mushroom Panaeolina foenisecii. While cattle &#97&#114&#101 &#114&#97&#105&#115&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#97&#108&#108 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110 states, &#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#97&#115 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 central &#108&#111&#119&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115&#44 &#114&#101&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#117&#115&#101&#114&#115 &#104&#97&#118&#101 been known to export these psychoptic species to various &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101 they <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/mario+shrooms.asp" title="Mario Shrooms" alt="Mario Shrooms" >Mario Shrooms</a> were collected.<br> In the case of New &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#104&#101&#114&#101&#97&#102&#116&#101&#114 &#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#111 as NZ, &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#114&#105&#109&#97&#114&#121 source for Copelandia cyanescens, but the "liberty cap" mushroom Psilocybe semilanceata only grows in the manured soil of four-legged ruminants and &#110&#111&#116 &#100&#105&#114&#101&#99&#116&#108&#121 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#109&#97&#110&#117&#114&#101 &#40&#74&#97&#110&#115&#101&#110&#44 Pers. Comm., 1988).<br> The identification &#115&#101&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#103&#117&#105&#100&#101 <H1> native european mushrooms</H1> documents reported locations for more than 1 dozen species &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#97&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#105&#110 Australia and &#78&#90 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121 have &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#117&#115&#101&#100 &#97&#116 &#111&#110&#101 time or another for recreational purposes. </p> by A. Hofmann, Sandoz Pharmaceuticals manufactured about 2 kg (ca. 4.4lbs) of pure psilocybin for scientific research purposes. The results of pharmacological testing soon revealed psilocybin as an alkaloid that was perfectly safe for human subjects under controlled experimental conditions. Despite this evidence, the anti-drug legislative framework of the mid1960s firmly established an "official mycophobia", a misguided, yet entrenched policy that still prevails today and effectively prevents the scientific investigation of promising potential applications for psilocybin and other alkaloids. At the same time, mycological and biochemical research studies have shown that psilocybincontaining mushrooms thrive all over the world and can be found on all continents. These mushrooms are no different from any other mycoflora and must not be excluded from scientific investigation because of their alkaloid content. In addition to overall variations in value systems across cultures, individuals tend to develop their own personal attitudes towards mushrooms in general. Oftentimes, the evolution of specific opinions about mushrooms can be traced back to childhood events, even though such early experiences seldom account for the development of prevailing biases and value systems later in life. I recall an incident from my own childhood, which occurred when I was about five years old. I was playing in a grassy meadow, when a girl pointed to a brown mushroom and earnestly explained that it was inedible and poisonous. While I have never forgotten this encounter, I did grow up to become a devoted mushroom enthusiast. On the other hand, a different childhood event has left me with the vivid memory of discovering a landfill virtually covered with vast numbers of gilled bluing mushrooms and the sense of awe I experienced contemplating this sight. In general, the unusual characteristics of these mushrooms are most likely responsible for strong impressions formed early in life, which then may develop into various attitudes or beliefs later on. An enduring personal interest in psychotropic mushroom species can serve to amplify or diminish mycophobic as well as mycophilic dispositions, depending on the influence of other factors. After all, judgments about the benefit or folly of deliberately altering one's state of consciousness are also colored by individual preferences, biases and opinions. The following chapters are meant to illustrate this diversity of attitudes towards psychotropic mushrooms. Descriptions of planned and involuntary experiments with specific mushroom species offer convincing evidence that the effects of psychoactive mushrooms are open to many possible interpretations. CHAPTER 3 THE CURRENT STATE OF KNOWLEDGE ABOUT EUROPEAN SPECIES Figure 7 - Distribution pattern of Psilocybe cyanescens across Europe and North Africa (according to Krieglsteiner). Black dots indicate approximate locatio More than half of Australia's beef cattle can be found in the coastal areas of Queensland and New South Wales; and the 20 to 30 inch (500-750mm) rainfall belt of Queensland, New South Wales and Northern Victoria, generally provide adequate climatic environments for the growth of psilocybian mushrooms, especially after heavy rains. It has been suggested that "Psilocybe cubensis was introduced into Australia accidentally by early settlers along with their livestock." This same spore dispersal mechanism also probably applies to Copelandia cyanescens, Panaeolus subbalteatus and several additional species known to occur in or around the dung of other ruminants. This includes Psilocybe semilanceata and the non-hallucinogenic "haymaker's" mushroom Panaeolina foenisecii. While cattle are raised in all Australian states, as well as in the central lowlands, recreational users have been known to export these psychoptic species to various areas in Australia from areas where they were collected. In the case of New Zealand, hereafter referred to as NZ, cattle are the primary source for Copelandia cyanescens, but the "liberty cap" mushroom Psilocybe semilanceata only grows in the manured soil of four-legged ruminants and not directly from manure (Jansen, Pers. Comm., 1988). The identification section of this guide documents reported locations for more than 1 dozen species of psilocybian mushrooms in Australia and NZ which most likely have been used at one time or another for recreational purposes. <div align="center"> xican mushroom species, so that these materials need not be repeated in this context. However, certain &#97&#115&#112&#101&#99&#116&#115 &#99&#111&#110&#99&#101&#114&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#109&#111&#114&#101 &#114&#101&#99&#101&#110&#116 uses &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#115 well as their conditions of growth &#119&#105&#108&#108 &#114&#101&#99&#101&#105&#118&#101 &#109&#111&#114&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#116&#97&#105&#108&#101&#100 &#97&#116&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110 in later chapters. The main purpose of this book is to inspire further study of these mushrooms, particularly basic research &#101&#102&#102&#111&#114&#116&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#109&#101&#100&#105&#99&#97&#108&#13&#10&#97&#112&#112&#108&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#102 magic mushroom ingredients. The extensive bibliography will help scientists &#97&#110&#100 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#101&#115 to further immerse &#116&#104&#101&#109&#115&#101&#108&#118&#101&#115 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#120 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#13&#10&#111&#102 study. Jochen Gartz Figure 6 - Bronze doors &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#109&#111&#116&#105&#102 &#101&#110&#116&#105&#116&#108&#101&#100 "Trial &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#74&#117&#100&#103&#109&#101&#110&#116&#34 &#97&#116 &#72&#105&#108&#100&#101&#115&#104&#101&#105&#109 &#67&#97&#116&#104&#101&#100&#114&#97&#108&#44 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121 (ca. &#49&#48&#50&#48&#41&#46&#13&#10&#67&#72&#65&#80&#84&#69&#82 &#50&#13&#10&#82&#69&#70&#76&#69&#67&#84&#73&#79&#78&#83 <u> Cow Manure Psilocybin Mushroom Cultivation</u> &#79&#78 &#84&#72&#69 HISTORY AND SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF MAGIC MUSHROOMS It is remarkable that cultures native &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97&#110 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 &#107&#110&#101&#119 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 a &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#108&#121 &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101&#13&#10&#110&#117&#109&#98&#101&#114 &#111&#102 &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108 mind-altering substances compared to early cultures &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#101&#118&#111&#108&#118&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#13&#10&#111&#114 &#65&#115&#105&#97&#46 Botanical evidence &#100&#111&#101&#115 &#110&#111&#116 &#115&#117&#112&#112&#111&#114&#116 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#110&#111&#116&#105&#111&#110 that Europe is home to fewer hallucinogenic plants than other &#114&#101&#103&#105&#111&#110&#115&#46 &#70&#117&#114&#116&#104&#101&#114&#109&#111&#114&#101&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#110&#117&#109&#98&#101&#114 of &#114&#101&#99&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121 &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 containing &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 &#105&#110&#100&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101 &#97&#13&#10&#102&#108&#111&#117&#114&#105&#115&#104&#105&#110&#103 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 mycoflora in Europe similar to those found in other countries.<br> It is unlikely that &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115&#13&#10&#108&#101&#97&#114&#110&#101&#100 &#108&#101&#115&#115 about local plants and mushrooms through usage and experience than &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115&#13&#10&#101&#108&#115&#101&#119&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#111&#114&#108&#100&#46 Most likely, early cultural knowledge of European psychoactive plants and mushrooms &#119&#97&#115 &#108&#111&#115&#116 &#111&#114 &#100&#101&#115&#116&#114&#111&#121&#101&#100 at some time in history, probably as &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#97&#115 &#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#104&#117&#110&#100&#114&#101&#100 years ago. The discovery that the &#102&#108&#121 &#97&#103&#97&#114&#105&#99&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#40&#65&#109&#97&#110&#105&#116&#97 &#109&#117&#115&#99&#97&#114&#105&#97&#41 &#119&#97&#115 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 for its psychoactive properties in Siberia invited the conclusion that this &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#119&#97&#115 &#117&#115&#101&#100 &#97&#115 a psychotropic agent &#105&#110 &#109&#101&#100&#105&#101&#118&#97&#108 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101 &#97&#115 well. In fact, there is &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#108&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#102&#114&#111&#109 the &#77&#105&#100&#100&#108&#101&#13&#10&#65&#103&#101&#115 &#116&#111 &#105&#110&#100&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100 knowledge of the effects of &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#102&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#111&#110 &#104&#117&#109&#97&#110&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#46 &#72&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 I believe that past reports on &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#99&#97&#117&#115&#97&#108&#108&#121 linked to Amanita muscaria simply because this was &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#111&#110&#108&#121 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 in Europe at that time. While the usage of Amanita muscaria among &#83&#105&#98&#101&#114&#105&#97&#110 &#116&#114&#105&#98&#101&#115 &#104&#97&#115 &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#115 of spectacular hallucinations, European accounts of fly &#97&#103&#97&#114&#105&#99 &#105&#110&#116&#111&#120&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#100&#111 &#110&#111&#116 generally include descriptions of such intensely hallucinatory effects. Accordingly, the potent hallucinogenic effects of specific Psilocybes and &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121 &#116&#111 have had a much more significant influence on early <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magicmushroomcowshitmethod.asp" title="Magicmushroomcowshitmethod" alt="Magicmushroomcowshitmethod" >Magicmushroomcowshitmethod</a> European <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/doshroomsgrowincowshitfertilizer.asp" title="Doshroomsgrowincowshitfertilizer" alt="Doshroomsgrowincowshitfertilizer" >Doshroomsgrowincowshitfertilizer</a> cultures than the delirium-like visions induced by Amanita muscaria, a species that is also known to induce unconsciousness &#97&#110&#100 &#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#101 &#115&#111&#109&#97&#116&#105&#99 &#115&#105&#100&#101 effects. This hypothesis is &#99&#111&#114&#114&#111&#98&#111&#114&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#100&#97&#116&#97 &#102&#114&#111&#109&#13&#10&#99&#111&#109&#112&#114&#101&#104&#101&#110&#115&#105&#118&#101 field studies conducted &#105&#110 &#77&#101&#120&#105&#99&#111&#46&#13&#10&#73 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#104&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#105&#99 accounts including those described below - indicate &#97 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#108&#101&#100&#103&#101 &#111&#102 </div> <p align="left"> More than half of Australia's beef cattle can be &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#111&#97&#115&#116&#97&#108 areas &#111&#102 &#81&#117&#101&#101&#110&#115&#108&#97&#110&#100 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#101&#119 South Wales; and the 20 to 30 inch (500-750mm) rainfall belt of Queensland, &#78&#101&#119 &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104 &#87&#97&#108&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#111&#114&#116&#104&#101&#114&#110 Victoria, generally provide adequate &#99&#108&#105&#109&#97&#116&#105&#99 &#101&#110&#118&#105&#114&#111&#110&#109&#101&#110&#116&#115 &#102&#111&#114 &#116&#104&#101 growth of psilocybian mushrooms, especially after heavy rains.<br> It has &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#115&#117&#103&#103&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#34&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 cubensis was &#105&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#99&#99&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116&#97&#108&#108&#121 by early settlers along &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#108&#105&#118&#101&#115&#116&#111&#99&#107&#46&#34 &#84&#104&#105&#115 same spore dispersal mechanism also probably &#97&#112&#112&#108&#105&#101&#115 &#116&#111 &#67&#111&#112&#101&#108&#97&#110&#100&#105&#97 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115&#44 Panaeolus subbalteatus and several additional &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111 &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114 in or around the &#100&#117&#110&#103 &#111&#102 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#114&#117&#109&#105&#110&#97&#110&#116&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#105&#115 includes Psilocybe semilanceata and the non-hallucinogenic "haymaker's" &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#105&#110&#97 &#102&#111&#101&#110&#105&#115&#101&#99&#105&#105&#46 &#87&#104&#105&#108&#101 cattle are raised in all Australian &#115&#116&#97&#116&#101&#115&#44 &#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#97&#115 in &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#114&#97&#108 &#108&#111&#119&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115&#44 &#114&#101&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#117&#115&#101&#114&#115 have been known to <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/psilocybe+cubensis.asp" title="Psilocybe Cubensis" alt="Psilocybe Cubensis" >Psilocybe Cubensis</a> export these psychoptic species seattle cyanescens to various areas in Australia from areas where they <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/copelandia+cyanescens+Queensland.asp" title="Copelandia Cyanescens Queensland" alt="Copelandia Cyanescens Queensland" >Copelandia Cyanescens Queensland</a> were collected.<br> In the case &#111&#102 &#78&#101&#119 &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#104&#101&#114&#101&#97&#102&#116&#101&#114 referred &#116&#111 &#97&#115 &#78&#90&#44 &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101 are the primary source for Copelandia cyanescens, but the "liberty cap" mushroom Psilocybe semilanceata only &#103&#114&#111&#119&#115 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#110&#117&#114&#101&#100 soil of four-legged ruminants and not directly from &#109&#97&#110&#117&#114&#101 &#40&#74&#97&#110&#115&#101&#110&#44 &#80&#101&#114&#115&#46 &#67&#111&#109&#109&#46&#44 &#49&#57&#56&#56&#41&#46 The &#105&#100&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#115&#101&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#103&#117&#105&#100&#101 documents reported locations for more than &#49 &#100&#111&#122&#101&#110 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#102 psilocybian mushrooms in Australia and NZ &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 been used at &#111&#110&#101 &#116&#105&#109&#101 &#111&#114 &#97&#110&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 for recreational purposes. </p> Macroscopically, it is extremely difficult to distinguish from Psilocybe semilanceata. Unlike the latter species, however, &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#112&#101&#108&#108&#105&#99&#117&#108&#111&#115&#97&#13&#10&#119&#105&#108&#108 &#103&#114&#111&#119 &#105&#110 forests on wood &#99&#104&#105&#112&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#115&#97&#119&#100&#117&#115&#116&#46&#13&#10&#66&#101&#117&#103 &#97&#110&#100 Bigwood were able &#116&#111 &#102&#117&#114&#110&#105&#115&#104&#13&#10&#97&#110&#97&#108&#121&#116&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#112&#114&#111&#111&#102 &#105&#110 support of the claim that Psilocybe &#112&#101&#108&#108&#105&#99&#117&#108&#111&#115&#97 &#105&#115 &#119&#101&#97&#107&#101&#114 &#105&#110 its psychotropic effects than &#99&#111&#109&#112&#97&#114&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#112&#101&#108&#108&#105&#99&#117&#108&#111&#115&#97 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 30-50% of the amount of psilocybin found &#105&#110 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#40&#115&#108&#97&#110&#103&#13&#10&#110&#97&#109&#101&#115&#58 Blue wavy, &#67&#121&#97&#110&#44 &#71&#114&#97&#110&#100&#111&#116&#101&#41&#44 &#97 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#13&#10&#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110 across the Pacific Northwest. &#73&#116 &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116&#115&#13&#10&#112&#114&#105&#109&#97&#114&#105&#108&#121 &#105&#110 &#112&#97&#114&#107&#115&#44 forming partial fairy rings. This species did not become popular among &#117&#115&#101&#114&#115 &#117&#110&#116&#105&#108 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#105&#100&#45&#49&#57&#55&#48&#115&#46 species still fruits most &#97&#98&#117&#110&#100&#97&#110&#116&#108&#121 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#97&#108&#108&#46&#13&#10&#65 &#78&#101&#119 Psychoactive Mushroom &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#84&#114&#105&#112&#115 &#97&#115 &#97 &#80&#111&#112&#117&#108&#97&#114 Sport Several &#97&#100&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#104&#97&#118&#101&#13&#10&#98&#101&#101&#110 found in the Pacific Northwest, even though the taxonomic &#99&#108&#97&#115&#115&#105&#102&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#111&#102 these species remains inadequate, despite the &#102&#97&#99&#116 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#109&#111&#110&#111&#103&#114&#97&#112&#104&#115 &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#97&#115 those &#98&#121 &#80&#46 &#83&#116&#97&#109&#101&#116&#115 &#111&#102&#102&#101&#114 quite detailed descriptions of the psychotropic mycoflora.<br> In the mid-1970s, &#71&#117&#122&#109&#97&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#79&#116&#116&#13&#10&#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#97 rather spectacular event concerning &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100 &#111&#102 &#97 &#34&#110&#101&#119&#34 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 During the fall &#111&#102 &#49&#57&#55&#50&#44 &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101 &#110&#117&#109&#98&#101&#114&#115 of &#97 &#115&#116&#114&#111&#110&#103&#108&#121 &#98&#108&#117&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#103&#105&#108&#108&#101&#100 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 with a distinct ring pattern were found &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#85&#110&#105&#118&#101&#114&#115&#105&#116&#121 &#111&#102 Washington in Seattle. The fruiting bodies were found growing &#111&#110 &#98&#97&#114&#107&#13&#10&#109&#117&#108&#99&#104&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#99&#97&#109&#101 from &#97 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#114&#97&#108 &#100&#105&#115&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#112&#111&#105&#110&#116 &#97&#110&#100 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 had been &#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#108&#121 &#97&#99&#114&#111&#115&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#99&#97&#109&#112&#117&#115 &#98&#121 gardeners. Due to the bluing reaction, students at the university assumed &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#44 a belief that &#119&#97&#115&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#114&#109&#101&#100 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#111&#110&#46 &#84&#104&#101 sudden appearance of massive numbers &#111&#102 &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#98&#111&#100&#105&#101&#115 &#113&#117&#105&#99&#107&#108&#121&#13&#10&#105&#110&#115&#112&#105&#114&#101&#100 &#115&#116&#117&#100&#101&#110&#116&#115 at the &#117&#110&#105&#118&#101&#114&#115&#105&#116&#121 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/findingcaerulipes.asp" title="Findingcaerulipes" alt="Findingcaerulipes" >Findingcaerulipes</a> &#116&#111 &#117&#115&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 as a hallucinogen. In my opinion, &#105&#116 &#105&#115 &#115&#116&#105&#108&#108 &#117&#110&#99&#101&#114&#116&#97&#105&#110 &#105&#102 the mushroom really appeared spontaneously, &#111&#114&#13&#10&#119&#104&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#105&#116 &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116&#101&#100 <i> psilocybin mushrooms growing kit sold to canada</i> &#111&#110 bark &#100&#101&#98&#114&#105&#115 &#115&#105&#109&#112&#108&#121 &#98&#101&#99&#97&#117&#115&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101 had previously been &#109&#105&#120&#101&#100 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#115&#112&#97&#119&#110&#13&#10&#100&#101&#114&#105&#118&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109 fruiting &#98&#111&#100&#105&#101&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#111&#114&#105&#103&#105&#110&#97&#116&#101&#100&#13&#10&#101&#108&#115&#101&#119&#104&#101&#114&#101&#46&#13&#10&#73&#110 &#97&#110&#121 case, in 1976, the mushrooms &#119&#101&#114&#101&#13&#10&#110&#97&#109&#101&#100 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#116&#117&#110&#116&#122&#105&#105 &#71&#117&#122&#109&#97&#110 & &#79&#116&#116 &#40&#115&#108&#97&#110&#103&#13&#10&#110&#97&#109&#101&#58 &#34&#98&#108&#117&#101 &#118&#101&#105&#108&#34 or &#34&#115&#116&#117&#110&#116&#122&#101&#101&#115&#34&#44 &#40&#115&#101&#101 &#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#53&#52&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 71). Today, the species can be found growing on bark and on lawns in parks, &#111&#110 &#103&#111&#108&#102 &#99&#111&#117&#114&#115&#101&#115&#44&#13&#10&#102&#111&#111&#116&#98&#97&#108&#108 &#102&#105&#101&#108&#100&#115 and gardens in numbers so large that it is considered the second most important species in terms of usage, after Psilocybe semilanceata.<br> In addition, &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 &#115&#117&#98&#98&#97&#108&#116&#101&#97&#116&#117&#115 &#105&#115 &#97&#110&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#13&#10&#114&#101&#103&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121 important mushroom &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#40&#115&#108&#97&#110&#103&#13&#10&#110&#97&#109&#101&#58 &#34&#114&#101&#100 &#99&#97&#112&#34&#41&#44 &#101&#118&#101&#110 though its users believe it to be slightly &#109&#111&#114&#101 &#112&#111&#105&#115&#111&#110&#111&#117&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#116&#104&#101 Psilocybe species. Still, the &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#105&#115 &#117&#115&#101&#100 &#113&#117&#105&#116&#101&#13&#10&#102&#114&#101&#113&#117&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121&#44 &#98&#101&#99&#97&#117&#115&#101 it begins to fruit during the spring.<br> The Psilocybe species, &#111&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#104&#97&#110&#100&#44 do not appear &#117&#110&#116&#105&#108 &#102&#97&#108&#108 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#117&#101 &#116&#111 grow into early winter, when temperatures consistently &#100&#114&#111&#112 &#98&#101&#108&#111&#119&#13&#10&#102&#114&#101&#101&#122&#105&#110&#103&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#105&#110&#104&#105&#98&#105&#116&#115 further fruiting of &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101 <p align="center"> As they say, &#700&#84&#105&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#101&#97&#115&#111&#110 &#116&#111 be pickingʼ, <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/blue+stain+gold+caps+magic+mushroom.asp" title="Blue Stain Gold Caps Magic Mushroom" alt="Blue Stain Gold Caps Magic Mushroom" >Blue Stain Gold Caps Magic Mushroom</a> but <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/hydroponics+shrooms.asp" title="Shrooms Hydroponics" alt="Shrooms Hydroponics" >Shrooms Hydroponics</a> make </p> <p align="right"> Mind-altering <i> www.magicgrowingmushrooms.com</i> <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/horse+manure+magic+mushrooms.asp" title="Horse Manure Magic Mushrooms" alt="Horse Manure Magic Mushrooms" >Horse Manure Magic Mushrooms</a> (psilocybine &#99&#111&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103&#41 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 traditionally &#117&#115&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#114&#101&#108&#105&#103&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#104&#101&#97&#108&#105&#110&#103 and &#99&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#99&#101&#114&#101&#109&#111&#110&#105&#101&#115 &#98&#121 &#110&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101 </p> n the U.S.) contribute to the therapeutic process; they may even be the sole source for future progress. Under these conditions, stereo music also significantly deepened the intensity of the experience. It appears that these kinds of specific experiences may also account for the remarkable success of treating terminal patients with LSD to ease their fears in the face of death and to reduce even the most severe forms of pain. In many such cases, symptoms disappeared entirely, and relief from pain and anxiety that continued even after the drug's acute effects had worn off. A book by S. Grof provides a compassionate analysis of such successful treatments, which serves to underscore the fact that systematic efforts to investigate these particular therapeutic benefits have only just begun. So far, LSD has been the most widely studied substance in terms of easing the suffering of terminally ill patients, as well as dipropyltryptamine (DPT), a synthetic drug structurally similar to psilocybin that is active only when administered by injection. Below, a young woman from Switzerland gives a detailed account of her second mushroom experience. Her first experiment, with Psilocybe cubensis, had already introduced her to the realm of mystical experiences. For her second journey, she used 20 Psilocybe semilanceata mushrooms as part of a group ritual and achieved transcendence. A remarkable feature of her account is that the presence of an experienced guide was needed to realize the full potential of this visionary quest. "1 sat down next to another participant, seeking to connect with others in preparation for my journey. We proceeded to eat the fresh mushrooms. The room grew quiet and lovely music began to play. The mushrooms's effects came on much faster than they did during my first experiment. Twice I tried to establish closer contact with my fellow participant, but he was very nervous, and no source of reassurance for me. I was seeking my spiritual companion, but did not find that person among the present group. I became a figure in a long, white robe, wandering aimlessly among the columns (Greece?), still searching. My gaze lingered briefly on the wall next to the door and I saw faces and figures appear and vanish, but they did not hold my interest. It was hopeless. I continued my aimless roaming, and I was on the material plane, which I wanted to leave - had to leave. Suddenly, I found myself with one of the guides, who wanted to help me. I stared off into the distance, longing to be free of the material plane, but unable to do so. For a long time, I failed to connect with the guide; our two worlds were just too different. Suddenly I sensed that he wasn't able to look at me directly. The path by which to reach me runs through my eyes, because only they are truly alive. I asked him to help me on my way and invited him to look into my eyes. I felt as if all life energy was draining from my bo <p align="center"> &#73&#110 &#97&#100&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#109&#97&#110&#121 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#117&#115&#101&#114&#115 of "magic mushrooms" in Australia may have first become aware of their &#109&#105&#110&#100&#45&#97&#108&#116&#101&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#97&#110&#100 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#97&#114&#121 &#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115 &#98&#121 reading the published &#108&#105&#116&#101&#114&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101 &#111&#114 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#110&#121 news &#105&#116&#101&#109&#115 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#111&#112&#117&#108&#97&#114 Australian press during the late l960's &#97&#110&#100 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#108&#57&#55&#48&#39&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#115&#101 news <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/mushroons+in+cow+compost.asp" title="Mushroons In Cow Compost" alt="Mushroons In Cow Compost" >Mushroons In Cow Compost</a> items often described both accidental and deliberate intoxication's which &#114&#101&#115&#117&#108&#116&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#105&#110&#103&#101&#115&#116&#105&#111&#110 of several varieties &#111&#102 &#34&#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#34&#46 &#70&#111&#114 example, in 1972, one local &#110&#101&#119&#115&#112&#97&#112&#101&#114 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116 &#112&#114&#111&#118&#105&#100&#101&#100 &#97&#110 account regarding the use of these mushrooms by young teenagers at <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/howtogrowmagicmush.asp" title="Howtogrowmagicmush" alt="Howtogrowmagicmush" >Howtogrowmagicmush</a> a local high &#115&#99&#104&#111&#111&#108 &#105&#110 &#66&#114&#105&#115&#98&#97&#110&#101&#58 &#34&#46&#46&#46&#99&#104&#105&#108&#100&#114&#101&#110 at a suburban school are getting high on mushrooms called 'Gold Tops.' The mushrooms are &#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110 &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 &#66&#114&#105&#115&#98&#97&#110&#101 River near &#84&#111&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#72&#105&#103&#104 &#83&#99&#104&#111&#111&#108&#44 &#97&#110&#100 children in search of `kicks' have been experimenting with them (Unsigned, 1972)." It would &#98&#101 &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#111&#98&#118&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#116&#111 anyone who read this above mentioned &#110&#101&#119&#115 &#105&#116&#101&#109&#44 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#105&#116 appeared in print, that those searching for hallucinogenic mushrooms would be able &#116&#111 &#102&#105&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#109 &#105&#102 they &#115&#111 &#100&#101&#115&#105&#114&#101&#100&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#105&#115 yet another factor that may have played a significant &#114&#111&#108&#101 &#105&#110 &#112&#114&#111&#109&#111&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#101&#115&#116 &#105&#110 the use of psychoactive mushrooms in Australia and NZ. &#83&#111&#109&#101 &#100&#114&#117&#103 &#117&#115&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#114 mycophillic individuals may &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#114&#101&#97&#100 &#111&#114 &#104&#101&#97&#114&#100 of R. Gordon Wasson's &#112&#101&#114&#115&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#97&#99&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116 &#111&#102 &#104&#105&#115 adventurous rediscovery of &#97&#110 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#99&#117&#108&#116 among the Mazatec Indians of &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104&#101&#114&#110 &#77&#101&#120&#105&#99&#111&#46 &#68&#114&#46 &#87&#97&#115&#115&#111&#110 reported the ceremonial use of certain &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#115 &#100&#105&#118&#105&#110&#97&#116&#111&#114&#121 &#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#97&#109&#111&#110&#103 the Mazatecs and other &#110&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#112&#101&#111&#112&#108&#101&#115 &#105&#110 &#79&#97&#120&#97&#99&#97&#44 Mexico (see &#87&#97&#115&#115&#111&#110&#44 &#49&#57&#53&#55&#41&#46 &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#106&#111&#117&#114&#110&#97&#108&#105&#115&#116&#105&#99 report of Wasson's &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#97&#110 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#110&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#101&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110 of Life &#77&#97&#103&#97&#122&#105&#110&#101 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#97&#116&#101 l950's, providing many drug users and others with the incentive to seek out, find, and &#101&#118&#101&#110&#116&#117&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#46 </p> Most users of the psychoactive visionary mushrooms have very little knowledge of their scientific names. Instead, they have given their favorite species local epithets which are commonly used by those who collect and ingest them. Some of these popular names are also known and applied by users outside of Australia and NZ. "Magic Mushrooms" is the most common term applied to any mushroom which contains psilocybine and/or psilocine. It was invented by a Life Magazine editor in l957 ( see Wasson, l957). Psilocybe cubensis is known in Australia as "golden tops", "gold tops" or sometimes "gold caps." The Australian epithets may have been given to this species by members of a local, drugusing group of surfers which frequented the Gold Coast region of Eastern Australia; however, some of these names have apparently been used to describe several different species of Psilocybe by users in Australia (see Allen, 1997). As mentioned above, Psilocybe cubensis is not known to occur in New Zealand. Those who ingest Copelandia cyanescens, known in Australia and New Zealand as "blue meanies", also refer to this species as "Blue Legs", "golden tops" or "gold caps". The latter two nicknames, as well as "dimple tops" and "cone heads", are common terms applied to Copelandia cyanescens in the Hawaiian Islands; and some of these same popular names have also been used by visiting surfers from both New Zealand and Australia, to describe the macroscopic characteristics of Copelandia cyanescens. These same surfers visiting Hawaii's North Shore have reportedly ingested mushrooms prior to surfing, as do many of the locally based surfers in Australia and NZ. <p align="center"> was followed by &#97 &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#118&#105&#118&#105&#100 &#115&#101&#110&#115&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 of &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#111&#117&#108 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#102&#108&#105&#103&#104&#116&#44 &#99&#111&#117&#112&#108&#101&#100 with feelings &#111&#102 &#101&#117&#112&#104&#111&#114&#105&#97&#46&#87&#104&#101&#110&#13&#10&#108&#111&#111&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#101 window into the dark night of a forest &#108&#97&#110&#100&#115&#99&#97&#112&#101&#44 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#102 &#115&#116&#114&#97&#110&#103&#101 patterns and formations occurred, which were deeply impressive and &#115&#101&#101&#109&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#105&#109&#112&#97&#114&#116 &#97&#110 inkling of eternity.<br> At the end of four hours, the effects had dissipated without dysphoria &#111&#114 &#97&#110&#121 &#116&#121&#112&#101 &#111&#102 &#115&#111&#109&#97&#116&#105&#99 side effect.<br> A control experiment for comparison purposes was performed using 0.8 &#103 &#111&#102 &#100&#114&#105&#101&#100&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#46 &#84&#104&#101 onset of symptoms was much more &#115&#117&#100&#100&#101&#110&#44 &#105&#110&#99&#108&#117&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#97 &#104&#101&#97&#118&#121 flow of tears, so that there was an &#105&#110&#105&#116&#105&#97&#108 &#112&#104&#97&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#97&#110&#120&#105&#101&#116&#121&#46 Only &#105&#110&#13&#10&#97 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#112&#104&#97&#115&#101 &#111&#102 the experience was it possible to perceive ornaments in the form &#111&#102 &#34&#117&#110&#100&#101&#114&#119&#97&#116&#101&#114&#13&#10&#115&#116&#114&#101&#97&#109&#101&#114&#115&#34&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#111 appreciate the aesthetically enhanced nature &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#115&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#114&#101&#103&#117&#108&#97&#114 pattern of. involuntary intoxications is a &#103&#111&#111&#100 &#105&#110&#100&#105&#99&#97&#116&#111&#114 &#102&#111&#114 &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101 scope of expansion of Inocybe &#97&#101&#114&#117&#103&#105&#110&#97&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#110&#101&#119&#13&#10&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#97&#116&#115 &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 the 1980s. &#70&#111&#114 &#101&#120&#97&#109&#112&#108&#101&#44 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 time of the &#105&#110&#105&#116&#105&#97&#108 &#105&#110&#116&#111&#120&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#45 &#119&#104&#101&#110 the species was still restricted &#116&#111 &#97 &#102&#101&#119 &#101&#97&#115&#105&#108&#121 quantifiable collections - &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#104&#97&#100 &#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100 from Potsdam &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 in &#49&#57&#56&#50&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#109&#111&#118&#101&#100 on to several &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#118&#105&#99&#105&#110&#105&#116&#121&#44 where more &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#49&#53&#48 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101&#13&#10&#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 (see &#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#51&#52&#41&#46&#13&#10&#83&#121&#109&#98&#105&#111&#115&#105&#115 &#87&#105&#116&#104 &#84&#114&#101&#101&#115&#13&#10&#83&#116&#97&#114&#116&#105&#110&#103 in late May 1984, fruiting bodies of the species could be found in abundance &#97&#116&#13&#10&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#108&#101&#115&#115 &#110&#101&#119 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#97&#99&#114&#111&#115&#115 the &#66&#114&#97&#110&#100&#101&#110&#98&#117&#114&#103&#13&#10&#114&#101&#103&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#121 tend to grow &#110&#101&#97&#114 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#114&#111&#111&#116&#115 &#111&#102 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116 &#100&#101&#99&#105&#100&#117&#111&#117&#115 trees (Populus, &#84&#105&#108&#105&#97&#44&#13&#10&#81&#117&#101&#114&#99&#117&#115&#44 &#66&#101&#116&#117&#108&#97&#41&#44 &#111&#110 &#108&#97&#119&#110&#115 in parks and gardens, at the edges of trails and in the paved margin &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115&#13&#10&#111&#102 &#116&#114&#101&#101&#45&#108&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#115&#105&#100&#101&#119&#97&#108&#107&#115 &#40&#119&#104&#101&#114&#101 they may &#101&#118&#101&#110&#13&#10&#103&#114&#111&#119 &#111&#110 &#98&#97&#114&#101&#44 &#115&#97&#110&#100&#121 soil) as &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#97&#115 &#97&#109&#111&#110&#103&#115&#116 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#101&#114&#121 of residential areas in the suburbs and communities &#105&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#66&#101&#114&#108&#105&#110&#46&#13&#10&#72&#101&#114&#101&#105&#110 lies the most marked difference between Inocybe aeruginascens &#97&#110&#100 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#13&#10&#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 species: Inocybe aeruginascens grows only &#105&#110 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#104&#117&#109&#97&#110 &#100&#101&#118&#101&#108&#111&#112&#109&#101&#110&#116&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#105&#114 prime &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#109&#105&#100&#100&#108&#101 of villages and towns, where they grow locally much like other Inocybe &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#121 &#109&#97&#121&#13&#10&#116&#101&#109&#112&#111&#114&#97&#114&#105&#108&#121 &#112&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#101 mass quantities of fruiting bodies, in those locations that are typical habitats for the edible varieties of the fairy ring mushroom.<br> So far, &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#97&#98&#117&#110&#100&#97&#110&#116 &#99&#114&#111&#112 &#111&#102 fruiting bodies was observed in 1987, due to very wet weather conditions, &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#97&#108&#108&#111&#119&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#13&#10&#116&#111 thrive.<br> &#84&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#121&#101&#97&#114&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#97&#114&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#108&#121&#13&#10&#100&#114&#121 and &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#104&#97&#114&#100&#108&#121 &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116&#101&#100 at all. It wasn't until &#49&#57&#57&#48 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#97 &#102&#101&#119 mushrooms re-emerged at &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#99&#108&#97&#115&#115&#105&#99 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#110 &#80&#111&#116&#115&#100&#97&#109&#46 Despite 1989 having been a bad year &#102&#111&#114 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#44 &#105&#116 &#119&#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101 year when Inocybe aeruginascens was found for &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#116&#105&#109&#101 &#97&#116 &#102&#111&#117&#114 locations in and around Rostock, a city located on the Eastern German coast, which is famous &#102&#111&#114 &#105&#116&#115 &#119&#101&#116 &#99&#108&#105&#109&#97&#116&#101&#46 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/panaeolus+subbalteatus+spore+print.asp" title="Panaeolus Subbalteatus Spore Print" alt="Panaeolus Subbalteatus Spore Print" >Panaeolus Subbalteatus Spore Print</a> Finding the mushrooms at these &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#105&#115 &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#102&#111&#114 a mu </p> </p> <h1 id="cross-browser"> Magic Mushrooms Spores @ 7/30/2010 4:44:13 PM</h1> <p></p> <h1 id="stylesheets"> magic mushroom picking time</h1> <p> INTRODUCTION Mind-altering (psilocybine containing) mushrooms have been traditionally used in religious healing and curing ceremonies by native peoples in Mesoamerica for more than 3,000 years. Today, the recreational use of hallucinogenic fungi by Westerners is widespread, especially in various regions of the United States, Canada, Mexico, Caribbean, Great Britain, Europe (especially in the Netherlands), Scandinavia, South America, Southeast Asia, India, Bali, Samoa; Australia and New Zealand. The modern, non-traditional use of hallucinogenic mushrooms has been stimulated, by media reports in newspapers, magazines, word-of-mouth communication, the World Wide Web and Internet, and also by the scholarly and popular journal publications of the renown ethnomycologist R. Gordon Wasson, (Harvard psychologist Timothy Leary, traveler Jeremy Sanford, health guru Andrew Weil, and others (see Allen , Merlin &Jansen, 1991).This field guide reviews the history of both the accidental and purposeful use of psychoactive mushrooms in Australia and New Zealand. Information in this guide has been gathered from personal experiences in Australia by the author and from reports in the scientific literature, news items appearing in the popular press, and personal communications with Australian and New Zealand (NZ) professionals (Unsigned 1970; O'Neill, 1986). was followed by a very vivid sensation of the soul in flight, coupled with feelings of euphoria.When looking out the window into the dark night of a forest landscape, visions of strange patterns and formations occurred, which were deeply impressive and seemed to impart an inkling of eternity. At the end of four hours, the effects had dissipated without dysphoria or any type of somatic side effect. A control experiment for comparison purposes was performed using 0.8 g of dried Psilocybe semilanceata. The onset of symptoms was much more sudden, including a heavy flow of tears, so that there was an initial phase of anxiety. Only in a later phase of the experience was it possible to perceive ornaments in the form of "underwater streamers", and to appreciate the aesthetically enhanced nature of these visions. The regular pattern of. involuntary intoxications is a good indicator for the large scope of expansion of Inocybe aeruginascens into new habitats during the 1980s. For example, at the time of the initial intoxications - when the species was still restricted to a few easily quantifiable collections - the mushrooms had spread from Potsdam to the location known in 1982, and from there moved on to several other locations in the vicinity, where more than 150 mushrooms were found (see Figure 34). Symbiosis With Trees Starting in late May 1984, fruiting bodies of the species could be found in abundance at countless new locations across the Brandenburg region of Germany. They tend to grow near the roots of different deciduous trees (Populus, Tilia, Quercus, Betula), on lawns in parks and gardens, at the edges of trails and in the paved margin areas of tree-lined sidewalks (where they may even grow on bare, sandy soil) as well as amongst the greenery of residential areas in the suburbs and communities in and around Berlin. Herein lies the most marked difference between Inocybe aeruginascens and other European psychotropic mushroom species: Inocybe aeruginascens grows only in areas of human development. Their prime locations are in the middle of villages and towns, where they grow locally much like other Inocybe species. They may temporarily produce mass quantities of fruiting bodies, in those locations that are typical habitats for the edible varieties of the fairy ring mushroom. So far, the most abundant crop of fruiting bodies was observed in 1987, due to very wet weather conditions, which allowed the mushrooms to thrive. The following years were comparatively dry and the species hardly fruited at all. It wasn't until 1990 that a few mushrooms re-emerged at the classic location in Potsdam. Despite 1989 having been a bad year for mushrooms, it was the year when Inocybe aeruginascens was found for the first time at four locations in and around Rostock, a city located on the Eastern German coast, which is famous for its wet climate. Finding the mushrooms at these locations is evidence for a mu own cause of death and disease, bloated stomachs and insanity. Beliefs such as these have survived to the present day. They persist, for example,,, as figures of speech, s u c h as the slick Austrian description of a societal misfit as someone "who ate those madness-inducing mushrooms." But, there is another, very different, magic mushroom legacy as well. Flesh of the Gods for Devil Worshippers The Old World. Mycenaean civilization began with a mushroom trip -Mushrooms were an ingredient in the ambrosia of Dionysus. Porphyrius, the fourth century Latin poet and contemporary of Emperor Konstantin, knew that magic mushrooms were the children of the gods. WHO WAS THE FIRST MAGICIAN? A quasi-cannibalistic ritual, the act of eating the children of the gods unlocked one's power to experience the truly divine. But not all mushrooms enable human beings to enter the realm of divine consciousness. This magic power resides in only those fungi known as "fool's mushrooms", which were considered poisonous and believed to be the spawn of the Devil throughout the late Middle Ages and well into modern times. The New World: The Aztecs in Mexico referred to a number of small, inconspicuous mushrooms as teonartacatl, or "flesh of the Gods." These sacred mushrooms were eaten during the course of rituals intended to contact the Gods in order to learn about the world and the realm of the divine. These magic mushroom rituals thoroughly spooked the Catholic Spaniards. The mushroom eaters, commonly thought of as Devil worshippers, were hounded by the Inquisition. Still, all good things survive the tests of time, so the cult of magic mushroom eaters did not become extinct. Like mycelia underground, the cult continued to flourish, and at the proper time in recorded history, in 1957, the fruit of the fully grown mushroom re-surfaced to draw widespread public attention. Valentine and Gordon Wasson became the heroes of the modern neo-mycophilic movement. Back to the Old World: The revelations and insights gained from the use of psychoactive mushrooms were so magically wonderful, that our native European "fool's mushrooms" - which were gene ; considered inedible - had to be recognized as closely related to the magic mushrooms of Mexico, the flesh of the Aztec Gods. The souls of magic mushrooms in Mexico and Germany are essentially made from the same substance: psilocybin. Jochen Gartz has made an extraordinary contribution to the field of mycology by embracing Germany's magic mushrooms and the scientific study and testing of these fungi. The research efforts upon which this book is based require nothing less than a fearless, brave and courageous consciousness, free of prejudice and mycophobia. I am convinced that a researcher's consciousness infused by the spirit of the magic mushroom is capable of far deeper scientific insights than we can ever expect from the usual ivory tower academics, isolated from reality There are more than 1 dozen species of "magic mushrooms" in Australia and New Zealand. Four &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#97&#114&#101 dung (manure) &#105&#110&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#121 &#105&#110&#99&#108&#117&#100&#101 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 cubensis and/or Psilocybe &#115&#117&#98&#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#40&#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#97&#115 "gold <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/cowmanurepsilocybinmushroomcultivation.asp" title="Cowmanurepsilocybinmushroomcultivation" alt="Cowmanurepsilocybinmushroomcultivation" >Cowmanurepsilocybinmushroomcultivation</a> caps" and/or &#34&#103&#111&#108&#100 &#116&#111&#112&#115&#34&#41&#44 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#97&#101&#114&#117&#103&#105&#110&#111&#115&#97&#44 and Copelandia cyanescens &#40&#116&#104&#101 &#108&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114 &#105&#115 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 locally &#97&#115 &#34&#98&#108&#117&#101 &#109&#101&#97&#110&#105&#101&#115&#34&#41&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#102&#111&#117&#114 species contain the mind altering alkaloids &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#105&#110&#101 &#97&#110&#100 are the most common hallucinogenic &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#46 &#73&#110 New &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110&#108&#121 used species are Copelandia cyanescens &#97&#110&#100 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#44 &#116&#104&#101 latter species is &#114&#101&#99&#111&#103&#110&#105&#122&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#111&#114&#108&#100 as &#116&#104&#101 &#34&#108&#105&#98&#101&#114&#116&#121 &#99&#97&#112&#34&#41&#46 &#84&#104&#105&#115 species only occurs in manured &#115&#111&#105&#108 &#97&#110&#100 &#100&#111&#101&#115 &#110&#111&#116 grow directly from the &#100&#117&#110&#103 &#111&#102 &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101&#44 &#115&#104&#101&#101&#112 or other four &#108&#101&#103&#103&#101&#100 &#102&#97&#114&#109 &#97&#110&#105&#109&#97&#108&#115&#46 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 cubensis &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#112&#111&#112&#117&#108&#97&#114 &#111&#102 these &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 &#105&#115 <b> horse manure magic mushrooms</b> &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 throughout &#109&#117&#99&#104 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#111&#114&#108&#100&#59 however, &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#105&#115 &#110&#111&#116 known to &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114 &#105&#110 &#78&#101&#119 &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100&#46 Other species described in this guide are known to occur in manured soil, in pastures, meadows, grazing lands, some lawns and &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#97&#114&#107 &#109&#117&#108&#99&#104 and woodchips of deciduous woods. , and who &#103&#111&#114&#103&#101&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101&#109&#115&#101&#108&#118&#101&#115 &#111&#110 &#111&#117&#114 &#116&#97&#120 <H2> telstrabp</H2> &#100&#111&#108&#108&#97&#114&#115&#46&#13&#10&#73 met Jochen &#71&#97&#114&#116&#122 &#115&#104&#111&#114&#116&#108&#121 &#97&#102&#116&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#101 fall of the Berlin Wall at the third symposium of the European &#67&#111&#108&#108&#101&#103&#101 &#102&#111&#114 &#116&#104&#101 &#83&#116&#117&#100&#121 &#111&#102 Consciousness (ECSC) in &#70&#114&#101&#105&#98&#117&#114&#103&#44 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#46 &#79&#117&#114 &#101&#110&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#101&#114 was my first contact with a researcher from the former East Germany. Jochen Gartz's enthusiastic lecture was a truly consciousnessexpanding event, his words breaking down &#116&#114&#97&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#98&#111&#114&#100&#101&#114&#115 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#99&#114&#111&#115&#115&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#118&#101&#114 into new &#116&#101&#114&#114&#105&#116&#111&#114&#121&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#115&#112&#111&#107&#101 through him &#45 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#110&#111 &#116&#114&#97&#99&#101 of dogma or ideology - in the tradition of true anarchy that is the hallmark of mushroom magic. What I &#104&#101&#97&#114&#100 &#119&#97&#115 &#117&#110&#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#97&#98&#108&#101&#46&#13&#10&#74&#111&#99&#104&#101&#110 &#115&#112&#111&#107&#101 <b>bronze mushrooms bronze caps</b> &#111&#102 a "new" psychedelic &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 &#105&#116&#115 &#109&#105&#103&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#109&#121&#99&#101&#108&#105&#97 had spread in concentric circles outward &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#76&#101&#105&#112&#122&#105&#103&#44 &#106&#117&#109&#112&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#97&#108&#108 &#112&#111&#108&#105&#116&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#98&#111&#114&#100&#101&#114&#115&#46 Finally, when the mycelia reached West German soil, the hated Berlin Wall crumbled.<br> &#67&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#112&#111&#115&#115&#105&#98&#108&#121 &#98&#101 a connection between the evolution &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 and the evolution of our consciousness? &#67&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#97&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#101&#100 to the resolution of our political conflicts? In the &#112&#97&#115&#116&#44 &#112&#111&#108&#105&#116&#105&#99&#105&#97&#110&#115&#44 &#101&#118&#101&#110 &#112&#111&#112&#101&#115&#44 had their &#111&#119&#110 &#106&#101&#115&#116&#101&#114&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#105&#97&#110&#115&#44 who functioned as pressure release valves in the machinations of political power struggles.<br> It is &#111&#98&#118&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#97&#13&#10&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#114&#121 &#119&#104&#111&#115&#101 chancellor is &#98&#101&#105&#110&#103 &#112&#101&#108&#116&#101&#100 &#119&#105&#116&#104&#13&#10&#101&#103&#103&#115&#44 &#117&#114&#103&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121 needs a new breed of &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#105&#97&#110 &#119&#104&#111&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101 &#97&#98&#108&#101 &#116&#111 &#114&#101&#97&#100&#106&#117&#115&#116 reality.<br> But today, no aspiring magician should go about this task without this book as &#97 &#103&#117&#105&#100&#101 &#102&#111&#114 &#116&#104&#101 wondrous journey into the realm of magic mushrooms. Christian &#82&#100&#116&#115&#99&#104&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#53 &#45 &#34&#65&#110&#116&#104&#114&#111&#112&#111&#109&#111&#114&#112&#104&#105&#99 Beings Engaged in Mushroom Dance" 10,000-year-old rock drawing in &#84&#97&#115&#115&#105&#108&#105&#44 &#83&#97&#104&#97&#114&#97 &#40&#65&#108&#103&#101&#114&#105&#97&#41&#13&#10&#67&#72&#65&#80&#84&#69&#82 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/doshroomsgrowincowshitfertilizer.asp" title="Doshroomsgrowincowshitfertilizer" alt="Doshroomsgrowincowshitfertilizer" >Doshroomsgrowincowshitfertilizer</a> &#49&#13&#10&#73 BELIEVE THE &#84&#73&#77&#69 &#72&#65&#83 &#67&#79&#77&#69 &#70&#79&#82 A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF NEW FINDINGS &#70&#82&#79&#77 &#84&#72&#69 &#70&#73&#69&#76&#68&#83 &#79&#70 MYCOLOGY, TAXONOMY AND NATURAL PRODUCTS &#67&#72&#69&#77&#73&#83&#84&#82&#89&#13&#10&#87&#104&#101&#110 &#82&#46&#71&#46 &#87&#97&#115&#115&#111&#110&#44 &#82&#46 Heim and A.<br> Hofmann began their interdisciplinary research program to study the Mexican species of mushrooms and their usage in Mexican mushroom cults, their efforts culminated in a 1958 landmark &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 isolation, molecular structure and synthesis of the mushrooms' active ingredients: psilocybin &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#105&#110&#46 &#83&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#121&#101&#97&#114&#115 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114&#44 these substances were also identified in <H1> magic mushrooms spores</H1> a &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#44 Psilocybe semilanceata, &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#98&#101&#99&#97&#109&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#105&#110 a series of &#110&#101&#119&#108&#121 &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#83&#105&#110&#99&#101&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101&#110&#44 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 from other &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#13&#10&#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#119&#105&#116&#104 increasing frequency. As part of &#109&#121 &#97&#110&#97&#108&#121&#116&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#119&#111&#114&#107 &#100&#101&#100&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101&#100&#13&#10&#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 identification of naturally occurring chemicals, I had the good <u></u> fortune to be part of a research team that &#115&#116&#117&#100&#105&#101&#100 &#97&#108&#107&#97&#108&#111&#105&#100&#115 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#105&#110 &#97&#13&#10&#118&#97&#114&#105&#101&#116&#121 &#111&#102 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 species.<br> Now I believe the time has come for &#97 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#114&#101&#104&#101&#110&#115&#105&#118&#101 &#114&#101&#118&#105&#101&#119 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#110&#101&#119 &#102&#105&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103&#115 from the fields of mycology, taxonomy and natural products chemistry. Wasson &#97&#110&#100 &#104&#105&#115 &#115&#117&#99&#99&#101&#115&#115&#111&#114&#115 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#97&#108&#114&#101&#97&#100&#121 &#112&#114&#111&#118&#105&#100&#101&#100&#13&#10&#100&#101&#116&#97&#105&#108&#101&#100 accounts pertaining &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#104&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#121 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#115&#116&#117&#100&#121 of the Me The question of dosage is often confused by the variation in the source of the hallucinogenic mushroom species which is consumed. CATTLE &#65&#83 &#65 &#80&#79&#83&#83&#73&#66&#76&#69 &#68&#73&#83&#80&#69&#82&#83&#65&#76 MECHANISM &#70&#79&#82 &#80&#83&#89&#67&#72&#79&#65&#67&#84&#73&#86&#69 &#68&#85&#78&#71 &#70&#85&#78&#71&#73&#13&#10&#79&#110&#101 may ask the question, &#34&#104&#111&#119 &#100&#105&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 arrive in Australia &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#101&#119 &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100&#63&#34 &#87&#101&#108&#108 some species may be endemic,that is, they were already there naturally. Other species such as the above described &#100&#117&#110&#103&#45&#105&#110&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121&#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 after &#116&#104&#101 &#105&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101 on the subcontinent.The first livestock to arrive in Australia were brought from the Cape of Good Hope in1788, and included 2 &#98&#117&#108&#108&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#53 &#99&#111&#119&#115&#44 along &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#100&#111&#109&#101&#115&#116&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#102&#97&#114&#109 &#97&#110&#105&#109&#97&#108&#115&#46 Byl803, &#116&#104&#101 &#103&#111&#118&#101&#114&#110&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#111&#119&#110&#101&#100 &#97&#112&#112&#114&#111&#120&#105&#109&#97&#116&#101&#108&#121 1800 cattle, most of which were importedfrom the Cape, Calcutta, and the west &#99&#111&#97&#115&#116 &#111&#102 &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97&#46 &#73&#116 was during this period thatsome of the visionary mushrooms mentioned in this field guide probably first appeared inAustralia (Unsigned, 1973). According to &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116 &#74&#111&#104&#110 &#66&#117&#114&#116&#111&#110 &#67&#108&#101&#108&#97&#110&#100&#40&#49&#57&#51&#52&#41&#44 "fungi growing in cow or &#104&#111&#114&#115&#101&#45&#100&#117&#110&#103 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#116&#111 such &#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#97&#116&#115&#44 &#109&#117&#115&#116 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#99&#97&#115&#101 of &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#44 &#97&#108&#108 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/nutrientrequirementsPsilocybe.asp" title="Nutrientrequirementspsilocybe" alt="Nutrientrequirementspsilocybe" >Nutrientrequirementspsilocybe</a> &#98&#101&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#111 introduced species".<br> It is believed to have been the SouthAfrican dung beetle which may have actually &#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115&#46 &#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 to &#69&#110&#103&#108&#105&#115&#104&#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116 &#82&#111&#121 &#87&#97&#116&#108&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#102 the Royal Botanic Gardens in Glasgow, Scotland, "it must beremembered that &#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 &#99&#97&#110 &#99&#104&#97&#110&#103&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#114&#97&#116&#101 preferences and there are coprophilousfungi on kangaroo droppings etc." Some mycologists who have studied the "magicmushrooms" in Australia and &#78&#90 &#99&#108&#97&#105&#109 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 "use of &#80&#46 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#97&#115 &#97 recreational drugtends to confirm the belief that some] farmers in early times may have] added one or two basidiomes &#91&#103&#105&#108&#108&#101&#100 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#93 &#116&#111 &#97 mealto &#108&#105&#118&#101&#110 &#105&#116 &#117&#112 &#91&#97&#110&#100 &#115&#116&#105&#108&#108 do] Margot & Watling, 1981).<br>" CATTLE AS A POSSIBLE DISPERSAL MECHANISM FOR PSYCHOACTIVE DUNG FUNGI One may ask the question, "how did these mushrooms arrive in Australia &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#101&#119 &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100&#63&#34 &#87&#101&#108&#108 some species &#109&#97&#121 &#98&#101 &#101&#110&#100&#101&#109&#105&#99&#44&#116&#104&#97&#116 &#105&#115&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#121 were already &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108&#108&#121&#46 &#79&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 such as &#116&#104&#101 &#97&#98&#111&#118&#101 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101&#100 &#100&#117&#110&#103&#45&#105&#110&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 mushrooms most likelyappeared after the introduction of cattle on &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116&#46&#84&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#108&#105&#118&#101&#115&#116&#111&#99&#107 &#116&#111 arrive &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#116 from the Cape of &#71&#111&#111&#100 &#72&#111&#112&#101 &#105&#110&#49&#55&#56&#56&#44 &#97&#110&#100 included &#50 &#98&#117&#108&#108&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#53 cows, along with other domesticated farm animals.<br> Byl803, &#116&#104&#101 &#103&#111&#118&#101&#114&#110&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#111&#119&#110&#101&#100 &#97&#112&#112&#114&#111&#120&#105&#109&#97&#116&#101&#108&#121 1800 cattle, most of which were importedfrom the Cape, &#67&#97&#108&#99&#117&#116&#116&#97&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#101&#115&#116 coast &#111&#102 &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97&#46 &#73&#116 &#119&#97&#115 during this period thatsome of the visionary mushrooms mentioned in this field guide probably &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#40&#85&#110&#115&#105&#103&#110&#101&#100&#44 1973). According to Australian mycologist John Burton Cleland(1934), "fungi growing in cow or horse-dung &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#115&#117&#99&#104 habitats, must in thecase of Australia, all belong to introduced species". It is believed &#116&#111 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 SouthAfrican dung beetle which may have &#97&#99&#116&#117&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115&#46 According to &#69&#110&#103&#108&#105&#115&#104&#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116 &#82&#111&#121 &#87&#97&#116&#108&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#102 the Royal Botanic &#71&#97&#114&#100&#101&#110&#115 &#105&#110 &#71&#108&#97&#115&#103&#111&#119&#44 &#83&#99&#111&#116&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 "it &#109&#117&#115&#116 &#98&#101&#114&#101&#109&#101&#109&#98&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 can &#99&#104&#97&#110&#103&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#114&#97&#116&#101 &#112&#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 there &#97&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#112&#114&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#111&#117&#115&#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 &#111&#110 &#107&#97&#110&#103&#97&#114&#111&#111 &#100&#114&#111&#112&#112&#105&#110&#103&#115 etc." Some &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#119&#104&#111 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#115&#116&#117&#100&#105&#101&#100 the &#34&#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#34 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 NZ &#99&#108&#97&#105&#109 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#34&#117&#115&#101 of P. cubensis &#97&#115 &#97 &#114&#101&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#100&#114&#117&#103&#116&#101&#110&#100&#115 &#116&#111 confirm the &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#102 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#115&#111&#109&#101&#93 &#102&#97&#114&#109&#101&#114&#115 in early times may have] added one or two basidiomes gilled mushrooms] to &#97 &#109&#101&#97&#108&#116&#111 &#108&#105&#118&#101&#110 &#105&#116 up and still do] Margot & Watling, 1981).<br>" CATTLE AS <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/themagicboxinnervisionsshrooms.asp" title="Themagicboxinnervisionsshrooms" alt="Themagicboxinnervisionsshrooms" >Themagicboxinnervisionsshrooms</a> &#65 &#80&#79&#83&#83&#73&#66&#76&#69 &#68&#73&#83&#80&#69&#82&#83&#65&#76 &#77&#69&#67&#72&#65&#78&#73&#83&#77 FOR PSYCHOACTIVE DUNG FUNGI One &#109&#97&#121 &#97&#115&#107 &#116&#104&#101 &#113&#117&#101&#115&#116&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#34&#104&#111&#119 did these mushrooms &#97&#114&#114&#105&#118&#101 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 New Zealand?" Well some species may be endemic,that is, they were &#97&#108&#114&#101&#97&#100&#121 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108&#108&#121&#46 &#79&#116&#104&#101&#114 species such as the above described &#100&#117&#110&#103&#45&#105&#110&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121&#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 after the introduction &#111&#102 &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#111&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116&#46&#84&#104&#101 first livestock to arrive in Australia were brought from the Cape of Good Hope &#105&#110&#49&#55&#56&#56&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#105&#110&#99&#108&#117&#100&#101&#100 &#50 bulls and 5 cows, along with other &#100&#111&#109&#101&#115&#116&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#102&#97&#114&#109 &#97&#110&#105&#109&#97&#108&#115&#46 &#66&#121&#108&#56&#48&#51&#44 the government owned approximately &#49&#56&#48&#48 &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101&#44 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#111&#102 which &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#105&#109&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100&#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#67&#97&#112&#101&#44 Calcutta, and the &#119&#101&#115&#116 &#99&#111&#97&#115&#116 &#111&#102 &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97&#46 It &#119&#97&#115 &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#112&#101&#114&#105&#111&#100 thatsome of the visionary mushrooms mentioned in this field &#103&#117&#105&#100&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#98&#97&#98&#108&#121 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 inAustralia (Unsigned, 1973). According to Australian mycologist John Burton Cleland(1934), "fungi growing in cow &#111&#114 &#104&#111&#114&#115&#101&#45&#100&#117&#110&#103 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#116&#111 such habitats, must in &#116&#104&#101&#99&#97&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#44 &#97&#108&#108 belong &#116&#111 &#105&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#101&#100 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#34&#46 &#73&#116 is believed to have been the SouthAfrican &#100&#117&#110&#103 &#98&#101&#101&#116&#108&#101 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#109&#97&#121 have actually spread &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115&#46 &#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 Englishmycologist Roy Watling of the Royal Botanic Gardens in Glasgow, Scotland, &#34&#105&#116 &#109&#117&#115&#116 &#98&#101&#114&#101&#109&#101&#109&#98&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 fungi can change substrate preferences &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#112&#114&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#111&#117&#115&#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 on kangaroo droppings etc." Some mycologists who have &#115&#116&#117&#100&#105&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#34&#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#34 &#105&#110 Australia and NZ claim that &#116&#104&#101 &#34&#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#80&#46 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 as a recreational &#100&#114&#117&#103&#116&#101&#110&#100&#115 &#116&#111 &#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#114&#109 &#116&#104&#101 belief that some farmers in &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 &#91&#109&#97&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 added one or two basidiomes gilled mushrooms to a &#109&#101&#97&#108&#116&#111 &#108&#105&#118&#101&#110 &#105&#116 &#117&#112 &#91&#97&#110&#100 still do Margot & Watling, 1981).<br>" CATTLE AS A POSSIBLE DISPERSAL MECHANISM FOR PSYCHOACTIVE DUNG FUNGI One may ask the question, &#34&#104&#111&#119 &#100&#105&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 arrive &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#101&#119 Zealand?" &#87&#101&#108&#108 &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#109&#97&#121 &#98&#101 &#101&#110&#100&#101&#109&#105&#99&#44&#116&#104&#97&#116 is, they were already there naturally. Other species such as the above described dung-inhabiting mushrooms most likelyappeared after the introduction of &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#111&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116&#46&#84&#104&#101 first livestock to arrive in Australia were brought from the Cape &#111&#102 &#71&#111&#111&#100 &#72&#111&#112&#101 &#105&#110&#49&#55&#56&#56&#44 and included 2 bulls and 5 cows, along with other domesticated farm animals. Byl803, the government owned approximately &#49&#56&#48&#48 &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101&#44 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#111&#102 which were importedfrom the Cape, Calcutta, and the west coast of America. It was during &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#112&#101&#114&#105&#111&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#115&#111&#109&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 visionary mushrooms &#109&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#102&#105&#101&#108&#100 guide probably first appeared inAustralia &#40&#85&#110&#115&#105&#103&#110&#101&#100&#44 &#49&#57&#55&#51&#41&#46 &#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 Australian mycologist John Burton Cleland(1934), "fungi growing in cow or horse-dung &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#115&#117&#99&#104 habitats, must in thecase of Australia, all belong to introduced species". It &#105&#115 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#104&#97&#118&#101 been the SouthAfrican dung beetle which may have &#97&#99&#116&#117&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115&#46 According to &#69&#110&#103&#108&#105&#115&#104&#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116 &#82&#111&#121 &#87&#97&#116&#108&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#102 the &#82&#111&#121&#97&#108 &#66&#111&#116&#97&#110&#105&#99 &#71&#97&#114&#100&#101&#110&#115 &#105&#110 Glasgow, Scotland, "it &#109&#117&#115&#116 &#98&#101&#114&#101&#109&#101&#109&#98&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 can change substrate &#112&#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#114&#101 coprophilousfungi on kangaroo droppings etc." Some &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#119&#104&#111 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#115&#116&#117&#100&#105&#101&#100 the "magicmushrooms" &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#90 claim that the "use of P. cubensis as a recreational drugtends to confirm the belief &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#102&#97&#114&#109&#101&#114&#115 &#105&#110 early times &#109&#97&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#97&#100&#100&#101&#100 &#111&#110&#101 or two &#98&#97&#115&#105&#100&#105&#111&#109&#101&#115 &#103&#105&#108&#108&#101&#100 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#116&#111 a &#109&#101&#97&#108&#116&#111 &#108&#105&#118&#101&#110 &#105&#116 &#117&#112 and still &#100&#111 &#77&#97&#114&#103&#111&#116 &#38&#97&#109&#112&#59 &#87&#97&#116&#108&#105&#110&#103&#44 &#49&#57&#56&#49&#41&#46&#34&#13&#10 </p> <p>The Mazatec Indians, who have a long tradition of using the mushrooms, inhabit a range of mountains called the Sierra Mazateca in the northeastern corner of the Mexican state of Oaxaca. The shamans in this essay are all natives of the town of Huautla de Jimenez. Properly speaking they are Huautecans; but since the language they speak has been called Mazatec and they have been referred to in the previous anthropological literature as Mazatecs, I have retained that name, though strictly speaking, Mazatecs are the inhabitants of the village of Mazatlan in the same mountains. <div align="center"> &#117&#114&#101 &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 semilanceata (with sclerotia formation). Figure 48 - &#73&#110&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#97&#101&#114&#117&#103&#105&#110&#97&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#111&#110 &#103&#114&#97&#115&#115&#121 soil Figure 49 - Psilocybe cubensis on &#104&#111&#114&#115&#101 &#109&#97&#110&#117&#114&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#114&#105&#99&#101&#46&#13&#10&#112&#111&#114&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#102 &#109&#121&#99&#101&#108&#105&#97 &#119&#104&#111&#115&#101 texture is somewhat like wool. The kind of viruses known to &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#99&#104&#97&#109&#112&#105&#103&#110&#111&#110 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#45 where &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#97&#108&#114&#101&#97&#100&#121&#13&#10&#99&#97&#117&#115&#101&#100 &#97 lot of damage &#45 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#115&#111 &#102&#97&#114 not been found &#105&#110 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 Psilocybe and Panaeolus species. It &#105&#115 &#115&#97&#102&#101 &#116&#111 &#115&#97&#121 that we currently know a great &#100&#101&#97&#108 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#110&#117&#116&#114&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 requirements of Psilocybe cubensis. &#84&#111 &#97 &#108&#101&#115&#115&#101&#114 &#101&#120&#116&#101&#110&#116&#44 such information is available about other species as well. Armed &#119&#105&#116&#104 <H2> Hallucinogenic Mushrooms Africa</H2> &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#108&#101&#100&#103&#101&#44 &#102&#117&#116&#117&#114&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104&#101&#114&#115 may &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114 &#110&#101&#119 &#105&#110&#115&#105&#103&#104&#116&#115 into physiology of these species, as well as the biochemical &#99&#104&#97&#110&#103&#101&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114 &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 fruiting. In my experiments, it has &#97&#108&#114&#101&#97&#100&#121 &#98&#101&#101&#110&#13&#10&#101&#115&#116&#97&#98&#108&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 process &#111&#102 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116&#105&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#119&#104&#101&#114&#101&#98&#121 &#109&#121&#99&#101&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#114&#101 transformed into sclerotia or fruiting bodies is linked to increased production of &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 &#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#97&#115 psilocin, &#101&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115&#46&#13&#10&#68&#117&#101 &#116&#111 the relatively complex methodology &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#116&#121&#112&#101 &#111&#102 equipment needed to isolate and maintain sterile cultures, it appears unlikely that cultivation &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#98&#121 laypersons will significantly heighten the mushroom's popularity or widen its area of distribution anytime soon. However, since the early 1980s, &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#110&#117&#109&#98&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#102 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#101&#115 &#105&#110 North America and Europe have &#115&#117&#99&#99&#101&#115&#115&#102&#117&#108&#108&#121 &#117&#115&#101&#100 &#34&#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108 &#111&#117&#116&#100&#111&#111&#114&#13&#10&#99&#117&#108&#116&#105&#118&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#34 to fruit &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#115&#105&#109&#105&#108&#97&#114 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 This process involves selection of natural &#119&#111&#111&#100 &#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#114&#97&#116&#101&#115 &#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#119&#105&#116&#104 mycelia (rhizomorphs) that usually &#116&#117&#114&#110 &#98&#108&#117&#101 &#105&#110 &#114&#101&#115&#112&#111&#110&#115&#101&#13&#10&#116&#111 &#104&#97&#110&#100&#108&#105&#110&#103&#46 The mycelia are then transferred onto fresh wood chips or commercial mulch &#40&#110&#111&#116 &#102&#114&#111&#109&#13&#10&#99&#101&#100&#97&#114 &#116&#114&#101&#101&#115&#41&#46 &#65&#102&#116&#101&#114 several months &#111&#102 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#116&#104&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#109&#121&#99&#101&#108&#105&#97 &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116 during &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#97&#108&#108 &#115&#101&#97&#115&#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#53&#48 - Surface culture &#111&#102 &#73&#110&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#97&#101&#114&#117&#103&#105&#110&#97&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#111&#110 a liquid nutrient medium.<br> Figure 51 - Panaeolus subbalteatus &#111&#110 &#99&#111&#119 &#100&#117&#110&#103 &#97&#110&#100 rice.<br> Figure &#53&#50 &#45 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 on wet newspaper. CHAPTER 7 PSYCHOTROPIC MUSHROOM SPECIES AROUND THE WORLD Figure &#53&#51 &#45 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 on compost. Figure 54 - &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#116&#117&#110&#116&#122&#105&#105 &#40&#103&#114&#97&#115&#115&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115 &#118&#97&#114&#105&#101&#116&#121&#41 from British Columbia. Figure 55 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/caerulipes.asp" title="Caerulipes" alt="Caerulipes" >Caerulipes</a> &#45 &#71&#105&#97&#110&#116 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#115&#99&#117&#108&#112&#116&#117&#114&#101 from Kerala, &#73&#110&#100&#105&#97&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#105&#115 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101&#114&#97&#98&#108&#101 debate among experts about &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#105&#103&#110&#105&#102&#105&#99&#97&#110&#99&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#111&#115&#101 of the &#115&#99&#117&#108&#112&#116&#117&#114&#101&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#53&#54 &#45 &#77&#97&#103&#105&#99 mushrooms & water &#98&#117&#102&#102&#97&#108&#111 &#116&#45&#115&#104&#105&#114&#116 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#84&#104&#97&#105&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44&#13&#10&#100&#101&#115&#105&#103&#110&#101&#100 for the Western tourist market. CHAPTER <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/shrooms+scotland+grow+kit/" title="Shrooms Scotland Grow Kit" alt="Shrooms Scotland Grow Kit" >Shrooms Scotland Grow Kit</a> 7.1 SPOTLIGHT ON &#78&#79&#82&#84&#72 &#65&#77&#69&#82&#73&#67&#65 &#65&#78&#68 &#72&#65&#87&#65&#73&#73&#13&#10&#73&#110 1961, V.E. Tyler became the first investigator to report the detection of &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#112&#101&#108&#108&#105&#99&#117&#108&#111&#115&#97 &#40&#83&#109&#105&#116&#104&#41 Singer & Smith, a North American &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#79&#110&#101 &#121&#101&#97&#114&#13&#10&#108&#97&#116&#101&#114&#44 two research groups, working independently, discovered psilocybin, as well as psilocin, in samples of Psilocybe baeocystis Singer &#38 &#83&#109&#105&#116&#104&#13&#10&#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#80&#97&#99&#105&#102&#105&#99 Northwest region of North America. Additional chemical &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#97&#120&#111&#110&#111&#109&#105&#99&#13&#10&#102&#105&#110&#100&#105&#110 </div> e creek on wood chips of Carpinus, Alnus and Salix, on raw compost mixtures of Picea, Pinus and Larix needles, as Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Figure 21 - Fruiting curve of Psilocybe cyanescens based on observations at several locations in the former Czechoslovakia. The mycelia make use of different kinds of plant debris and even grow on wet cardboard, where they develop into rhizomorphs just like they would in nature. Rhizomorphs are thick strands of mycelia that serve to transport nutrients and water. They also develop intense blue stains (see Figure 22). Figure 23 Distribution pattern of Psilocybe cyanescens in Germany and adjacent areas (according to Krieglsteiner). Locations are indicated by black dots. Figure 22 Psilocybe bohemica rhizomorphs growing on wet cardboard. Figure 24 - Psilocybe cyanescens at a natural location (USA). Figure 25 - Psilocybe bohemica on twigs and leaves. Impressive Experiences Psilocybe bohemica is a very psychoactive species. Its effects are vividly documented in the following account of one natural scientist's experience as part of controlled clinical trials in Prague: About 30 mg of psilocybin in mushroom tissue was prepared in hot water, with effects already noticeable ten minutes after ingestion. I grew increasingly quiet. At first, my legs began to tingle, then my underarms as well. Aside from a deeper breathing rhythm, few other somatic effects were noted. Initially there were fits of laughter caused by unusual cognitive associations; this laughter also affected the two "sober" guides. A growing hyperacuity interfered with the ability to listen to music, so that Vivaldi's "Springtime" caused painful stabs inside the brain. I compared the pain to that caused by a "sawing knife". The experimenters appeared bloated and yellow... Existing bodily characteristics, such as thinning hair stimulated a person's illusionary transformation into a monk with tonsure. Their voices also appeared reverent and, from a somewhat paranoid point of view, these gentlemen at times seemed to be working a switching station that, for some reasons, was my enemy. At the same time, I found both of them to be quite likeable. During this time period, the other female subject perceived fantastic images of moving colors and saw visions of her whole life unfolding behind closed eyes. During this period, I had the distinct impression that an electrical current was flowing through my body, which was not an uncomfortable sensation. About three hours later, the gentlemen retired to the kitchen and the nature of the experience changed quite drastically. At first I felt as if my legs were increasingly merging into the wall, a very comfortable experience. In a state of utter clarity of consciousness, I finally felt as if I had no body at all. I said. "The most descriptive expression is the experience of a pure soul". Using words as triggers, we were able to induce shared experiences o and familiarity with psychotropic mushrooms in Europe that is most likely derived from usage of Psilocybes and related species, rather than experience with Amanita muscaria. However, it is extremely difficult to reject or confirm this hypothesis, due to the lack of conclusive data available for analysis today. Bwyd Ellylon: A Feast of Fairies in Celebration of the Spirit World Tales of ritualistic mushroom usage have found their way into the realm of myths and legends. For instance, one legend describes a peculiar poisonous mushroom in Wales (British Isles) with the strange name of Bwyd Ellylon, which was considered a delicacy by fairies feasting in celebration of the spirit world. Psilocybe semilanceata is the most important psilocybincontaining mushroom in Europe and it thrives in parts of Great Britain, where the mushroom grows abundantly all across the Welsh countryside during fall season. I would like to thank G. Samorini for pointing out that the Inquisition was unusually cruel and vicious in the Alpine valleys of Valcamonica, Valtrompia and Valtellina (located in the provinces of Brescia and Sandrio in Northern Italy). Many books chronicle countless witch burnings in that region, with particular emphasis on the witches' meetings at the "Monte del Tonale", located at an altitude of 2000 m (ca. 6,000 ft). Field research has shown that plants of the nightshade family ("witching herbs") do not grow at this altitude; even the fly agaric mushroom is rarely found there. By contrast, pastures in the area abound with Psilocybe semilanceata during the fall. Given this historical context, it would seem likely that Psilocybe semilanceata played an important role as a psychotropic agent in the region (see Figure 58, Chapter 7.4). In light of medieval accounts describing the practice of witchcraft, it is interesting to note that a subjective sensation of flying or levitation is among the commonly reported effects of psilocybin intoxication. Berserk Rage of Nordic Warriors In the course of the ideological power struggle between Christianity and the remnants of pagan religions that worshipped Nature, many sources of knowledge were lost. The aggressive repression and eradication of pre-Christian customs all but destroyed the continuity of Europe's original cultural heritage, along with much historic evidence documenting early cultural practices, including the usage of plants and mushrooms for the purpose of temporary alterations of consciousness. Some authors went so far as to blame the fly agaric mushroom for proverbial fits of "berserk rage" attributed to Nordic warriors. Many accounts detailing this phenomenon allude to a "deception of the eyes" (i.e. visual hallucinations). After the Nordic legal system banished the practice of "going berserk", it disappeared quite suddenly during the 12th century. At about the same time, Saxo Grammaticus speculated that the Berserkers may have used mag ure of Psilocybe semilanceata (with sclerotia formation). Figure 48 - Inocybe aeruginascens on grassy soil Figure 49 - Psilocybe cubensis on horse manure and rice. portions of mycelia whose texture is somewhat like wool. The kind of viruses known to appear in champignon cultures - where they have already caused a lot of damage - have so far not been found in cultures of the Psilocybe and Panaeolus species. It is safe to say that we currently know a great deal about the nutritional requirements of Psilocybe cubensis. To a lesser extent, such information is available about other species as well. Armed with this knowledge, future researchers may well discover new insights into physiology of these species, as well as the biochemical changes that occur during fruiting. In my experiments, it has already been established that the process of differentiation whereby mycelia are transformed into sclerotia or fruiting bodies is linked to increased production of psilocybin as well as psilocin, especially in Psilocybe cubensis. Due to the relatively complex methodology and the type of equipment needed to isolate and maintain sterile cultures, it appears unlikely that cultivation of Psilocybe cubensis mushrooms by laypersons will significantly heighten the mushroom's popularity or widen its area of distribution anytime soon. However, since the early 1980s, growing numbers of mycophiles in North America and Europe have successfully used "natural outdoor cultivation" to fruit Psilocybe cyanescens and similar species. This process involves selection of natural wood substrates striated with mycelia (rhizomorphs) that usually turn blue in response to handling. The mycelia are then transferred onto fresh wood chips or commercial mulch (not from cedar trees). After several months of growth, the mycelia fruit during the fall season. Figure 50 - Surface culture of Inocybe aeruginascens on a liquid nutrient medium. Figure 51 - Panaeolus subbalteatus on cow dung and rice. Figure 52 - Psilocybe cubensis on wet newspaper. CHAPTER 7 PSYCHOTROPIC MUSHROOM SPECIES AROUND THE WORLD Figure 53 - Psilocybe cubensis on compost. Figure 54 - Psilocybe stuntzii (grasslands variety) from British Columbia. Figure 55 - Giant mushroom sculpture from Kerala, India. There is considerable debate among experts about the significance and purpose of the sculpture. Figure 56 - Magic mushrooms & water buffalo t-shirt from Thailand, designed for the Western tourist market. CHAPTER 7.1 SPOTLIGHT ON NORTH AMERICA AND HAWAII In 1961, V.E. Tyler became the first investigator to report the detection of psilocybin in Psilocybe pelliculosa (Smith) Singer & Smith, a North American mushroom species. One year later, two research groups, working independently, discovered psilocybin, as well as psilocin, in samples of Psilocybe baeocystis Singer & Smith from the Pacific Northwest region of North America. Additional chemical and taxonomic findin Most &#114&#101&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#117&#115&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 cubensis (when &#103&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 &#118&#105&#116&#114&#111&#41 &#114&#101&#113&#117&#105&#114&#101 a dosage of 1 to 2 gm of dried <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/cowmanurepsilocybinmushroomcultivation.asp" title="Cowmanurepsilocybinmushroomcultivation" alt="Cowmanurepsilocybinmushroomcultivation" >Cowmanurepsilocybinmushroomcultivation</a> mushrooms &#116&#111 &#112&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#101 &#97&#110 &#97&#108&#116&#101&#114&#101&#100 state of consciousness; a &#99&#108&#105&#110&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#100&#111&#115&#97&#103&#101 &#102&#111&#114 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115&#44 on the &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#104&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#104&#97&#100 &#112&#114&#101&#118&#105&#111&#117&#115&#108&#121 been reported as ranging from 3 to 5 gm of dried material. This dosage would be comparable to the amount of fungal material &#99&#111&#110&#115&#117&#109&#101&#100 &#102&#111&#114 &#114&#101&#108&#105&#103&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#111&#115&#101&#115 in a Mazatec Indian healing and curing ceremony. In 1982, &#111&#110&#101 &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104 &#116&#101&#97&#109 &#34&#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 that <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magic+mushroom+nz.asp" title="Magic Mushroom Nz" alt="Magic Mushroom Nz" >Magic Mushroom Nz</a> the level of psilocybin and psilocin varies over a &#102&#97&#99&#116&#111&#114 &#111&#102 &#52 &#97&#109&#111&#110&#103 various in vitro &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#108&#101 specimens from outdoors varied tenfold.<br>" A &#102&#114&#101&#115&#104 &#100&#111&#115&#97&#103&#101 &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 cubensis in Australia would be approximately from 1 to &#50 &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#101&#105&#103&#104&#105&#110&#103 up to as much as one <i> psilocybe cyanescens buy online</i> fresh ounce, or as many as from <b></b> &#50&#53 &#116&#111 &#53&#48 &#115&#109&#97&#108&#108 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 equaling &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#97&#109&#101 &#119&#101&#105&#103&#104&#116 &#97&#109&#111&#117&#110&#116&#46 Ethnopharmacologist Jonathan Ott (1976, 1993) &#110&#111&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#104&#101 &#104&#97&#115 observed "the ingestion of from 0.5 &#103&#109 &#116&#111 &#53&#46&#57 &#103&#109 dried weight &#40&#49&#48 &#103&#109 &#116&#111 &#52&#48 &#103&#109 fresh)", of various species of Psilocybe. Dosage for Psilocybe subcubensis would be &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#97&#109&#101 &#97&#115 &#102&#111&#114 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 cubensis. Both &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#108&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114 &#116&#119&#111 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 are macroscopically alike.<br> The usual dosage for &#67&#111&#112&#101&#108&#97&#110&#100&#105&#97 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#114&#101&#113&#117&#105&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#111 induce psychedelic visual effects ranges &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#49 &#116&#111 &#51 large specimens (cap &#100&#105&#97&#109&#101&#116&#101&#114 &#99&#46 &#53 &#109&#109&#41&#44 or as many as 5 &#116&#111 &#108&#48 &#109&#101&#100&#105&#117&#109&#45&#115&#105&#122&#101&#100 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 (cap diameter c. &#50&#46&#53 &#109&#109&#41&#59 &#104&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 &#112&#101&#114&#115&#111&#110&#97&#108 tolerance to this species may occur with &#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#117&#101&#100 &#117&#115&#101&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#119&#104&#111 consume large amounts of this mushroom have reportedly ingested &#97&#115 &#109&#97&#110&#121 &#97&#115 &#53&#48 to 200 &#102&#114&#101&#115&#104 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#109&#101&#110&#115 &#111&#102 &#118&#97&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115 sizes. Most users of the psychoactive visionary mushrooms have very little knowledge of their scientific names. Instead, they have given their favorite species local epithets which are commonly used by those who collect and ingest &#116&#104&#101&#109&#46 &#83&#111&#109&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 popular &#110&#97&#109&#101&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#97&#108&#115&#111 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 and &#97&#112&#112&#108&#105&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#117&#115&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#117&#116&#115&#105&#100&#101 &#111&#102 Australia and NZ. "Magic Mushrooms" is the &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110 &#116&#101&#114&#109 &#97&#112&#112&#108&#105&#101&#100 to any &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#101 and/or psilocine. &#73&#116 &#119&#97&#115 &#105&#110&#118&#101&#110&#116&#101&#100 &#98&#121 a Life Magazine editor in l957 ( see Wasson, l957). Psilocybe cubensis is known in Australia as "golden tops", "gold tops" or &#115&#111&#109&#101&#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 &#34&#103&#111&#108&#100 &#99&#97&#112&#115&#46&#34 &#84&#104&#101 Australian epithets may have been given to &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#98&#121 &#109&#101&#109&#98&#101&#114&#115 of &#97 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#108&#44 &#100&#114&#117&#103&#117&#115&#105&#110&#103 &#103&#114&#111&#117&#112 of surfers which frequented the &#71&#111&#108&#100 &#67&#111&#97&#115&#116 &#114&#101&#103&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 Eastern Australia; however, some of these names &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#97&#112&#112&#97&#114&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#117&#115&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116 species of Psilocybe &#98&#121 &#117&#115&#101&#114&#115 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 (see &#65&#108&#108&#101&#110&#44 &#49&#57&#57&#55&#41&#46 &#65&#115 &#109&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110&#101&#100 above, Psilocybe cubensis is &#110&#111&#116 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111 &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114 in New Zealand. Those who ingest Copelandia <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/how+to+growing+magic+mushrooms+at+home/" title="How To Growing Magic Mushrooms At Home" alt="How To Growing Magic Mushrooms At Home" >How To Growing Magic Mushrooms At Home</a> cyanescens, known &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#101&#119 Zealand &#97&#115 &#34&#98&#108&#117&#101 &#109&#101&#97&#110&#105&#101&#115&#34&#44 &#97&#108&#115&#111 refer to &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#97&#115 &#34&#66&#108&#117&#101 Legs", "golden tops" or "gold caps". The latter two nicknames, as well &#97&#115 &#34&#100&#105&#109&#112&#108&#101 &#116&#111&#112&#115&#34 &#97&#110&#100 &#34&#99&#111&#110&#101 heads", are common terms applied &#116&#111 &#67&#111&#112&#101&#108&#97&#110&#100&#105&#97 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#105&#110 the Hawaiian Islands; and some &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#115&#97&#109&#101 &#112&#111&#112&#117&#108&#97&#114 &#110&#97&#109&#101&#115 have also been used &#98&#121 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#117&#114&#102&#101&#114&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 both New Zealand &#97&#110&#100 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#44 &#116&#111 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101 the macroscopic characteristics &#111&#102 &#67&#111&#112&#101&#108&#97&#110&#100&#105&#97 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#115&#101 same surfers visiting Hawaii's North Shore have reportedly ingested mushrooms prior to surfing, <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/Figure22Psilocybebohemicarhizomorphsgrowingonwetcardboard.asp" title="Figure22psilocybebohemicarhizomorphsgrowingonwetcardboard" alt="Figure22psilocybebohemicarhizomorphsgrowingonwetcardboard" >Figure22psilocybebohemicarhizomorphsgrowingonwetcardboard</a> as do many of the locally based surfers in Australia &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#90&#46 </p> <p><p align="left"> &#119&#97&#115&#13&#10&#102&#111&#108&#108&#111&#119&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#97 &#118&#101&#114&#121 vivid sensation of the soul in flight, coupled with feelings of euphoria.When looking &#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#105&#110&#100&#111&#119 &#105&#110&#116&#111 the dark night of a forest landscape, visions of strange patterns &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#102&#111&#114&#109&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114&#114&#101&#100&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#119&#101&#114&#101 deeply impressive and seemed to impart an inkling of &#101&#116&#101&#114&#110&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#65&#116 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#101&#110&#100 &#111&#102 four hours, the effects had dissipated without dysphoria or any type of somatic side effect. A control &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#102&#111&#114 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#97&#114&#105&#115&#111&#110&#13&#10&#112&#117&#114&#112&#111&#115&#101&#115 &#119&#97&#115 performed using 0.8 g &#111&#102 &#100&#114&#105&#101&#100&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#46 &#84&#104&#101 onset of symptoms was much more sudden, including a &#104&#101&#97&#118&#121 &#102&#108&#111&#119 &#111&#102 &#116&#101&#97&#114&#115&#44&#13&#10&#115&#111 &#116&#104&#97&#116 there was &#97&#110 &#105&#110&#105&#116&#105&#97&#108 &#112&#104&#97&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#97&#110&#120&#105&#101&#116&#121&#46 &#79&#110&#108&#121 in a later phase of the &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#119&#97&#115 &#105&#116 &#112&#111&#115&#115&#105&#98&#108&#101 to perceive ornaments in the form of "underwater streamers", &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#111 &#97&#112&#112&#114&#101&#99&#105&#97&#116&#101 &#116&#104&#101 aesthetically enhanced nature of &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#115&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#114&#101&#103&#117&#108&#97&#114 &#112&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114&#110 of. involuntary intoxications is &#97 &#103&#111&#111&#100 &#105&#110&#100&#105&#99&#97&#116&#111&#114 &#102&#111&#114 the large scope of expansion &#111&#102 &#73&#110&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#97&#101&#114&#117&#103&#105&#110&#97&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#110&#101&#119&#13&#10&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#97&#116&#115 during the &#49&#57&#56&#48&#115&#46 &#70&#111&#114 &#101&#120&#97&#109&#112&#108&#101&#44 &#97&#116 the time of the initial intoxications - when &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#119&#97&#115&#13&#10&#115&#116&#105&#108&#108 &#114&#101&#115&#116&#114&#105&#99&#116&#101&#100 to a few easily quantifiable collections - the mushrooms had spread from Potsdam to &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 1982, and from there moved on to several other &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#105&#110 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/buy+magic+mushroom+online.asp" title="Buy Magic Mushroom Online" alt="Buy Magic Mushroom Online" >Buy Magic Mushroom Online</a> &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#118&#105&#99&#105&#110&#105&#116&#121&#44 &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101 more than 150 mushrooms were found (see Figure 34). Symbiosis With Trees Starting &#105&#110 &#108&#97&#116&#101 &#77&#97&#121 &#49&#57&#56&#52&#44 fruiting bodies of the species could be found &#105&#110 &#97&#98&#117&#110&#100&#97&#110&#99&#101 &#97&#116&#13&#10&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#108&#101&#115&#115 &#110&#101&#119 locations across &#116&#104&#101 &#66&#114&#97&#110&#100&#101&#110&#98&#117&#114&#103&#13&#10&#114&#101&#103&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#46 They tend to grow &#110&#101&#97&#114 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#114&#111&#111&#116&#115 &#111&#102 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116 deciduous &#116&#114&#101&#101&#115 &#40&#80&#111&#112&#117&#108&#117&#115&#44 &#84&#105&#108&#105&#97&#44&#13&#10&#81&#117&#101&#114&#99&#117&#115&#44 &#66&#101&#116&#117&#108&#97&#41&#44 on lawns &#105&#110 &#112&#97&#114&#107&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#103&#97&#114&#100&#101&#110&#115&#44&#13&#10&#97&#116 the edges of trails and in &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#97&#118&#101&#100 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115&#13&#10&#111&#102 tree-lined sidewalks &#40&#119&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#109&#97&#121 &#101&#118&#101&#110&#13&#10&#103&#114&#111&#119 on bare, sandy soil) as well as amongst the greenery of residential areas in the suburbs and communities in and around Berlin. Herein lies the most marked difference between Inocybe aeruginascens and &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#13&#10&#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#58&#13&#10&#73&#110&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 aeruginascens grows only <b> hallucinogenic mushrooms africa</b> in areas of human development. Their prime locations are in the middle of villages and towns, where they grow locally much like other Inocybe &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#121 &#109&#97&#121&#13&#10&#116&#101&#109&#112&#111&#114&#97&#114&#105&#108&#121 &#112&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#101 &#109&#97&#115&#115 &#113&#117&#97&#110&#116&#105&#116&#105&#101&#115 of fruiting bodies, in those locations that are typical habitats for &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#100&#105&#98&#108&#101 &#118&#97&#114&#105&#101&#116&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 fairy &#114&#105&#110&#103 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#46&#13&#10&#83&#111 &#102&#97&#114&#44 &#116&#104&#101 most &#97&#98&#117&#110&#100&#97&#110&#116 &#99&#114&#111&#112 &#111&#102 &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#98&#111&#100&#105&#101&#115 was observed in 1987, due &#116&#111 &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#119&#101&#116&#13&#10&#119&#101&#97&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#99&#111&#110&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#44 which allowed the mushrooms to thrive. The &#102&#111&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#121&#101&#97&#114&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#97&#114&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#108&#121&#13&#10&#100&#114&#121 and the species hardly fruited at all. It wasn't until 1990 that &#97 &#102&#101&#119 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#114&#101&#45&#101&#109&#101&#114&#103&#101&#100 at the classic &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#110 &#80&#111&#116&#115&#100&#97&#109&#46 &#68&#101&#115&#112&#105&#116&#101 &#49&#57&#56&#57 having been a bad year for mushrooms, it was the year when Inocybe aeruginascens was found &#102&#111&#114 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#116&#105&#109&#101 &#97&#116 four locations in and around Rostock, a &#99&#105&#116&#121 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#111&#110 &#116&#104&#101 Eastern German coast, which is famous for its wet &#99&#108&#105&#109&#97&#116&#101&#46 &#70&#105&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#116 these &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#105&#115 &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#102&#111&#114 a mu </p> JOCHEN GARTZ MAGIC MUSHROOMS Around the World A Scientific &#74&#111&#117&#114&#110&#101&#121 &#65&#99&#114&#111&#115&#115 &#67&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#84&#105&#109&#101&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 Case for Challenging Research and &#86&#97&#108&#117&#101 &#83&#121&#115&#116&#101&#109&#115&#13&#10&#42 &#76&#73&#83 &#80&#85&#66&#76&#73&#67&#65&#84&#73&#79&#78&#83 * LOS ANGELES, CA* Figure 1 &#45 &#87&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#67&#111&#108&#111&#114 &#80&#97&#105&#110&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#102 Psilocybe semilanceata (Germany, 1927) TABLE OF CONTENT (With Active Links' Just Click &#79&#110 &#65 &#83&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116 &#84&#111 Go To The Page) "Who Was the First Magician?" - Foreword by Christian &#82&#97&#116&#115&#99&#104 &#55&#13&#10&#49&#46 &#73&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#57&#13&#10&#50&#46 &#82&#101&#102&#108&#101&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 on the &#72&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#121 &#97&#110&#100 &#83&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99 &#83&#116&#117&#100&#121 &#111&#102 Magic Mushrooms &#49&#48&#13&#10&#51&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#67&#117&#114&#114&#101&#110&#116 &#83&#116&#97&#116&#101 of Knowledge &#65&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 &#83&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#49&#52&#13&#10&#51&#46&#49 Psilocybe semilanceata: The Classic Species &#65&#109&#111&#110&#103 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 &#80&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 16 3.2 Psilocybe cyanescens: Potent Mushrooms Growing on Wood Debris &#50&#57&#13&#10&#51&#46&#51 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 &#115&#117&#98&#98&#97&#108&#116&#101&#97&#116&#117&#115&#58 &#77&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#121 and &#77&#121&#116&#104&#115 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 Species &#51&#55&#13&#10&#51&#46&#52 &#73&#110&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#97&#101&#114&#117&#103&#105&#110&#97&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115&#58 &#70&#97&#115&#116&#45&#83&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100&#105&#110&#103 New Arrivals 44 3.<br>5 Gymnopilus purpuratus: Magnificent Mushrooms from South America 51 3.6 Conocybe cyanopus: Tiny Mushrooms mushrocks Illegal in Australia &#111&#102 &#82&#101&#109&#97&#114&#107&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#80&#111&#116&#101&#110&#99&#121 &#53&#53&#13&#10&#51&#46&#55 Pluteus salicinus: A Little-known Wood-Inhabiting Species 58 4.<br> Mushroom Identification: Taxonomic Confusion and the Potential for Deadly Mistakes 61 5.<br> The Bluing Phenomenon and &#77&#101&#116&#111&#108 &#84&#101&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103&#58 &#82&#101&#97&#108&#105&#116&#121 &#118&#115&#46 &#87&#105&#115&#104&#102&#117&#108 Thinking 63 6. Mushroom Cultivation: Classic Findings and New Techniques 66 7.<br> Psychotropic Mushroom Species Around the World 77 7.1 Spotlight &#111&#110 &#78&#111&#114&#116&#104 &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97 &#97&#110&#100 Hawaii &#55&#57&#13&#10&#55&#46&#50 &#77&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#105&#97 &#105&#110 &#67&#101&#110&#116&#114&#97&#108 &#97&#110&#100 South America &#56&#50&#13&#10&#55&#46&#51 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#39&#115 &#77&#121&#99&#111&#102&#108&#111&#114&#97 &#65&#116&#116&#114&#97&#99&#116&#115 &#65&#116&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#56&#52&#13&#10&#55&#46&#52 European Customs and &#67&#111&#110&#118&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#56&#55&#13&#10&#55&#46&#53 &#74&#97&#112&#97&#110&#101&#115&#101 &#69&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#109&#101&#110&#116&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#57&#51&#13&#10&#55&#46&#54 Intoxications &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#79&#108&#100&#101&#115&#116 &#75&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 Cult &#105&#110 &#65&#102&#114&#105&#99&#97 &#57&#53&#13&#10&#55&#46&#55 &#85&#115&#97&#103&#101 &#105&#110 Southeast Asia and the South Pacific Islands &#57&#56&#13&#10&#56&#46 &#83&#111&#109&#101 &#67&#111&#109&#109&#101&#110&#116&#115 &#111&#110 Effects of Mushrooms from &#116&#104&#101 &#67&#97&#116&#101&#103&#111&#114&#121 &#80&#104&#97&#110&#116&#97&#115&#116&#105&#107&#97 &#49&#48&#50&#13&#10&#57&#46 Psychotherapy 108 10. Outlook 114 11. Bibliography 120 Index 129 Figure 2 - Psilocybe &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#51 &#45 Water color painting of Panaeolus subbalteatus &#40&#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#44 &#49&#57&#50&#55&#41&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#52 &#45 Fresh Panaeolus subbalteatus mushrooms. FOREWORD Nobody &#107&#110&#111&#119&#115 &#112&#114&#101&#99&#105&#115&#101&#108&#121 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 first magic mushroom emerged &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#104&#97&#100&#111&#119&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#112&#114&#101&#104&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#121 to enter &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#105&#103&#104&#116 &#111&#102 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#46&#13&#10&#78&#111&#98&#111&#100&#121 knows when the first magic mushroom was eaten &#98&#121 &#97 &#104&#117&#109&#97&#110 &#98&#101&#105&#110&#103&#46 &#78&#111&#98&#111&#100&#121 knows just who the first magic &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#101&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#119&#97&#115&#46 &#73&#110&#13&#10&#115&#101&#101&#107&#105&#110&#103 answers to these &#113&#117&#101&#115&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#44 &#119&#101 &#99&#97&#110 &#111&#110&#108&#121&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#117&#108&#97&#116&#101&#46 Mycophobes, however, are quick to voice their conviction that only &#97 &#102&#111&#111&#108 &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#98&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#99&#107&#108&#101&#115&#115 enough to &#119&#97&#110&#116 &#116&#111 &#97&#116&#116&#97&#105&#110 &#97 higher state of consciousness &#98&#101&#121&#111&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#111&#117&#110&#100&#97&#114&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#101&#118&#101&#114&#121&#100&#97&#121 reality. And only a fool would &#97&#116&#116&#101&#109&#112&#116&#13&#10&#116&#111 &#100&#111 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#98&#121 ingesting those odd &#108&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#109&#121&#115&#116&#101&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#114&#105&#118&#101 on decaying, &#104&#117&#109&#105&#100 &#115&#111&#105&#108&#44&#13&#10&#114&#111&#116&#116&#101&#110 &#119&#111&#111&#100 &#97&#110&#100 malodorous mounds &#111&#102 &#99&#111&#119&#13&#10&#109&#97&#110&#117&#114&#101&#46&#13&#10&#72&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#105&#99&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#44 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#104&#97&#118&#101&#13&#10&#98&#101&#101&#110 feared and hated` since antiquity: &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#111&#117&#103&#104&#116 &#116&#111 be made from poisons that had dripped from serpents' fangs; they were considered to be unclean emissions of evil spirits; moreover, &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magic+mushroom+cow+shit+method.asp" title="Magic Mushroom Cow Shit Method" alt="Magic Mushroom Cow Shit Method" >Magic Mushroom Cow Shit Method</a> &#97 &#107&#110 . For that reason, freeze-dried samples for biochemical analysis are stored at -10°C prior to alkaloid extractions or chromatography testing. In addition to the reports from Finland, investigators in North America have noted that psilocybin's decay rate is slowest in Psilocybe semilanceata, compared to other species. (1) R = H2P03 (2) R = H Figure 19 - Structural formulas for psilocybin (1) and psilocin (2). CH3 CH3 Psilocybe semilanceata Figure 20 - Distribution pattern of Psilocybe semilanceata in Germany and adjacent areas. Locations are indicated by black dots. CHAPTER 3.2 PSILOCYBE CYANESCENS - POTENT MUSHROOMS GROWING ON WOOD DEBRIS At least one other Psilocybe species in addition to Psilocybe semilanceata is known to exist in Europe. At this point, I must emphasize that the differentiation of single species within the Psilocybe genus is subject to considerable controversy among eminent taxonomists. For example, there are different methods of distinguishing the Hypholoma genus from the Stropharia genus. The Widespread Distribution of Psilocybe cyanescens While Psilocybe semilanceata is a species that has long been clearly defined and is well known by this name, there are, according to Krieglsteiner, other strongly bluing mushrooms that can be described as belonging to the "Psilocybe cyanescens complex". These are all mushrooms that grow on raw compost and plant debris. In accordance with current states of knowledge, the following names in the literature are merely synonyms for Psilocybe cyanescens Wakefield emend. Krieglsteiner: different herbariums. However, the microscopic data pertaining to the Psilocybe species are poorly delineated and oftentimes overlap. It is therefore imperative that additional mycological studies of Psilocybe cyanescens be performed. To this end, fresh mushroom samples from various European locations should be used, and biochemical methods must be included in the investigation. Guzman's division of Psilocybe cyanescens by geographic area, however, definitely turned out to be inaccurate. According to his system, -North Africa was home to Psilocybe mairei, while Psilocybe cyanescens were found in England and Holland and Psilocybe serbica supposedly grew in Serbia and Bohemia. The geographic distribution of the entire species seems to cover a vast area, with variations along climate and terrain at locations where samples were collected. Such disparate morphologies are to be expected when dealing with "young" species, that is, species that have not yet firmly established themselves and are still expanding into new locations. Figure 7 (p. 14) displays locations in Europe and North Africa where samples of Psilocybe cyanescens have been found. - Hypholoma cyanescens R. Maire - Hypholoma coprinifacies (Rolland ss. Herink) Pouzar - Geophila cyanescens (R. Maire) Kuhner & Romagnesi - Psilocybe serbica Moser & Horak - Psilocybe mairei Singer - Psilocyb <p align="justify"> e creek on wood chips of Carpinus, Alnus &#97&#110&#100 &#83&#97&#108&#105&#120&#44 &#111&#110 &#114&#97&#119 compost mixtures of Picea, Pinus and Larix &#110&#101&#101&#100&#108&#101&#115&#44&#13&#10&#97&#115&#13&#10&#83&#101&#112&#116&#46 &#79&#99&#116&#46 &#78&#111&#118&#46 &#68&#101&#99&#46 Jan. Figure 21 - Fruiting curve of Psilocybe cyanescens based &#111&#110 &#111&#98&#115&#101&#114&#118&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#97&#116 &#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108&#13&#10&#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 in the &#102&#111&#114&#109&#101&#114 &#67&#122&#101&#99&#104&#111&#115&#108&#111&#118&#97&#107&#105&#97&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#109&#121&#99&#101&#108&#105&#97 &#109&#97&#107&#101 use of different kinds of plant &#100&#101&#98&#114&#105&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#101&#118&#101&#110 &#103&#114&#111&#119 on wet cardboard, where &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#100&#101&#118&#101&#108&#111&#112 &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#114&#104&#105&#122&#111&#109&#111&#114&#112&#104&#115 &#106&#117&#115&#116 like they would in nature. Rhizomorphs &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#105&#99&#107&#13&#10&#115&#116&#114&#97&#110&#100&#115 &#111&#102 &#109&#121&#99&#101&#108&#105&#97 that <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/subaeruginosa+growingseason+new+zealand.asp" title="Subaeruginosa Growingseason New Zealand" alt="Subaeruginosa Growingseason New Zealand" >Subaeruginosa Growingseason New Zealand</a> serve to transport nutrients and water.<br> They also &#100&#101&#118&#101&#108&#111&#112 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#110&#115&#101&#13&#10&#98&#108&#117&#101 &#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115 &#40&#115&#101&#101 Figure 22). Figure 23 Distribution pattern of Psilocybe cyanescens in Germany and adjacent &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115&#13&#10&#40&#97&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#75&#114&#105&#101&#103&#108&#115&#116&#101&#105&#110&#101&#114&#41&#46 &#76&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 are indicated by black dots.<br> Figure 22 Psilocybe bohemica rhizomorphs growing on wet cardboard.<br> Figure 24 - Psilocybe cyanescens at &#97 &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#40&#85&#83&#65&#41&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 25 - Psilocybe &#98&#111&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97 &#111&#110 &#116&#119&#105&#103&#115 &#97&#110&#100 leaves. Impressive Experiences Psilocybe bohemica &#105&#115 &#97 &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 Its effects are vividly &#100&#111&#99&#117&#109&#101&#110&#116&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#102&#111&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#97&#99&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116 of one &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108 &#115&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#115&#116&#39&#115&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#97&#115 &#112&#97&#114&#116 of controlled clinical <u> magic mushrooms spores</u> trials &#105&#110&#13&#10&#80&#114&#97&#103&#117&#101&#58&#13&#10&#65&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#51&#48 &#109&#103 &#111&#102 <i> native european mushrooms</i> psilocybin in mushroom tissue was &#112&#114&#101&#112&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#104&#111&#116 &#119&#97&#116&#101&#114&#44 with effects already noticeable ten minutes after ingestion.<br> I grew &#105&#110&#99&#114&#101&#97&#115&#105&#110&#103&#108&#121 &#113&#117&#105&#101&#116&#46 &#65&#116 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116&#44 my legs began to tingle, then my underarms &#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108&#46 &#65&#115&#105&#100&#101 &#102&#114&#111&#109 a deeper breathing rhythm, few other somatic effects were noted. &#73&#110&#105&#116&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#102&#105&#116&#115 of laughter caused by unusual cognitive associations; this laughter also affected &#116&#104&#101 &#116&#119&#111 &#34&#115&#111&#98&#101&#114&#34 &#103&#117&#105&#100&#101&#115&#46 A growing hyperacuity interfered with the &#97&#98&#105&#108&#105&#116&#121 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#108&#105&#115&#116&#101&#110 &#116&#111 &#109&#117&#115&#105&#99&#44 so &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#86&#105&#118&#97&#108&#100&#105&#39&#115 &#34&#83&#112&#114&#105&#110&#103&#116&#105&#109&#101&#34&#13&#10&#99&#97&#117&#115&#101&#100 &#112&#97&#105&#110&#102&#117&#108 &#115&#116&#97&#98&#115 inside &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#114&#97&#105&#110&#46 &#73 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#97&#114&#101&#100&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 pain to that &#99&#97&#117&#115&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#97 &#34&#115&#97&#119&#105&#110&#103 knife". The experimenters appeared bloated and yellow.<br>.<br>.<br> Existing bodily characteristics, such <H3>european european mushrooms</H3> &#97&#115 &#116&#104&#105&#110&#110&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#104&#97&#105&#114 &#115&#116&#105&#109&#117&#108&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#97 &#112&#101&#114&#115&#111&#110&#39&#115 illusionary transformation into a &#109&#111&#110&#107 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#111&#110&#115&#117&#114&#101&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#105&#114&#13&#10&#118&#111&#105&#99&#101&#115 also appeared &#114&#101&#118&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116 &#97&#110&#100&#44 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#97&#13&#10&#115&#111&#109&#101&#119&#104&#97&#116 paranoid point of view, these gentlemen at times seemed to be working a switching station that, for some reasons, was my enemy.<br> At the same time, I found both of them &#116&#111 &#98&#101 &#113&#117&#105&#116&#101 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#97&#98&#108&#101&#46&#13&#10&#68&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 this time period, the other female subject perceived fantastic images &#111&#102 &#109&#111&#118&#105&#110&#103 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#115 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#115&#97&#119 visions of &#104&#101&#114 &#119&#104&#111&#108&#101 &#108&#105&#102&#101 &#117&#110&#102&#111&#108&#100&#105&#110&#103 behind closed eyes. During this &#112&#101&#114&#105&#111&#100&#44 &#73 &#104&#97&#100 &#116&#104&#101 distinct impression that an electrical current was flowing through my body, which was not an uncomfortable sensation. About three &#104&#111&#117&#114&#115 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#103&#101&#110&#116&#108&#101&#109&#101&#110&#13&#10&#114&#101&#116&#105&#114&#101&#100 to the kitchen and the &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#99&#104&#97&#110&#103&#101&#100 quite drastically.<br> At first &#73 &#102&#101&#108&#116 &#97&#115 &#105&#102 my legs were increasingly merging into &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#97&#108&#108&#44 &#97 &#118&#101&#114&#121 comfortable experience.<br> In a state &#111&#102 &#117&#116&#116&#101&#114 &#99&#108&#97&#114&#105&#116&#121 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#44 &#73 finally felt as if I <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/mycology.asp" title="Mycology" alt="Mycology" >Mycology</a> had no body at all. I said. "The <u> native european mushrooms</u> most descriptive expression is &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#111&#102 &#97 &#112&#117&#114&#101 soul".<br> Using &#119&#111&#114&#100&#115 &#97&#115 &#116&#114&#105&#103&#103&#101&#114&#115&#44&#13&#10&#119&#101 &#119&#101&#114&#101 able &#116&#111 &#105&#110&#100&#117&#99&#101 &#115&#104&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115 o </p> Dosages for Psilocybe australiana Guzmán & Watling, Psilocybe eucalypta Guzmán & <p align="justify"> The first <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/drawings+of+magic+mushrooms.asp" title="Drawings Of Magic Mushrooms" alt="Drawings Of Magic Mushrooms" >Drawings Of Magic Mushrooms</a> livestock <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/fp.asp" title="Fp" alt="Fp" >Fp</a> <H3> psilocybin mushrooms growing kit sold to canada</H3> to arrive in Australia were brought from &#116&#104&#101 &#67&#97&#112&#101 &#111&#102 &#71&#111&#111&#100 Hope in </p> as well. &#66&#101&#108&#111&#119 &#97&#114&#101&#13&#10&#115&#111&#109&#101 &#101&#120&#99&#101&#114&#112&#116&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 his research protocols: J.H. &#40&#97 &#50&#52&#45&#121&#101&#97&#114&#45&#111&#108&#100 &#109&#97&#108&#101&#41 &#105&#110&#103&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100 four cooked <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/finding+shrooms+in+cow+shit.asp" title="Cow Finding Finding Cow Shrooms" alt="Cow Finding Finding Cow Shrooms" >Cow Finding Finding Cow Shrooms</a> mushrooms &#97&#116 &#110&#105&#103&#104&#116&#44 &#97&#102&#116&#101&#114 &#97 &#109&#101&#97&#108 &#40&#33&#41&#44 and then ate another three fresh mushrooms 30 minutes later. This was &#102&#111&#108&#108&#111&#119&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#114&#101&#103&#117&#114&#103&#105&#116&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#97&#110&#100 45 minutes &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114&#44 &#104&#101 &#115&#116&#97&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 sweat profusely all over his head and body. His pulse rate and breathing were accelerated, &#98&#117&#116 &#115&#108&#111&#119&#101&#100 &#100&#111&#119&#110 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 on. He laid down and experienced &#118&#105&#115&#117&#97&#108&#13&#10&#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#99&#97&#117&#115&#101&#100 &#104&#105&#109 to panic and to run &#97 &#100&#105&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101 &#111&#102 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#49&#44&#50&#48&#48 ft. to consult the nearest doctor.<br> The &#112&#104&#121&#115&#105&#99&#105&#97&#110 &#110&#111&#116&#101&#100 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#108&#121 &#100&#105&#108&#97&#116&#101&#100&#13&#10&#112&#117&#112&#105&#108&#115&#44 and proceeded to have the patient's stomach pumped and then prescribed laxatives.<br> Three hours later, the abnormal state &#104&#97&#100 &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101&#108&#121&#13&#10&#115&#117&#98&#115&#105&#100&#101&#100&#59 &#98&#121 &#116&#104&#101 next morning, there was no evidence of any other side effects. M.K. (a 22-year-old &#109&#97&#108&#101&#41 &#97&#116&#101 &#106&#117&#115&#116 &#111&#110&#101&#13&#10&#102&#114&#101&#115&#104 mushroom, &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#104&#97&#100 &#110&#111 &#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115 at all.<br> K .Y. (a 31-year-old &#109&#97&#108&#101&#41 &#97&#116&#101 &#102&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#46 &#82&#101&#103&#117&#114&#103&#105&#116&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 occurred 30 minutes after ingestion, followed by sweating around the head and body; &#104&#105&#115 &#101&#120&#116&#114&#101&#109&#105&#116&#105&#101&#115 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#111 be slightly &#112&#97&#114&#97&#108&#121&#122&#101&#100&#46 &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#112&#97&#114&#97&#108&#121&#115&#105&#115 &#112&#101&#114&#115&#105&#115&#116&#101&#100 for another &#116&#104&#114&#101&#101 &#104&#111&#117&#114&#115&#46 &#68&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#105&#115 time, &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#13&#10&#104&#97&#100 &#103&#114&#101&#97&#116 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#105&#99&#117&#108&#116&#105&#101&#115 handling a pen &#102&#111&#114 &#119&#114&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103&#44&#13&#10&#104&#105&#115 &#109&#111&#111&#100 &#119&#97&#115 depressed and he experienced hallucinations, such &#97&#115 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#102&#117&#108 &#108&#105&#103&#104&#116&#115 &#102&#108&#111&#111&#100&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#100&#111&#119&#110 from the sky. &#66&#121 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#109&#111&#114&#110&#105&#110&#103&#44 all of these effects had dissipated.<br> The fresh fruiting bodies were bitter, a taste &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#100&#105&#115&#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#97&#102&#116&#101&#114&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#104&#97&#100 been cooked in water. The &#97&#98&#111&#118&#101 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#109&#101&#110&#116&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#114&#97&#116&#104&#101&#114&#13&#10&#97&#109&#97&#116&#101&#117&#114&#105&#115&#104&#44 and the descriptions of results are heavily influenced by a &#115&#105&#109&#112&#108&#105&#115&#116&#105&#99 &#112&#101&#114&#115&#112&#101&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#97&#115&#115&#117&#109&#101&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 the &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#39&#115&#13&#10&#112&#104&#97&#114&#109&#97&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115 &#112&#114&#111&#99&#101&#101&#100 &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#97 &#115&#105&#110&#103&#108&#101&#44&#13&#10&#110&#97&#114&#114&#111&#119 track. Still, these &#97&#99&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#115 &#100&#101&#109&#111&#110&#115&#116&#114&#97&#116&#101&#13&#10&#116&#104&#97&#116 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#97&#114&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#100&#111&#115&#97&#103&#101&#115 of Japanese mushroom species have psychotropic effects similar to those caused by Psilocybe &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#111&#110 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116&#115&#46&#13&#10&#77&#117&#99&#104 work &#115&#116&#105&#108&#108 &#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#115 &#116&#111 &#98&#101 &#100&#111&#110&#101 in the areas of &#112&#104&#121&#116&#111&#99&#104&#101&#109&#105&#115&#116&#114&#121 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#97&#120&#111&#110&#111&#109&#121 &#98&#101&#102&#111&#114&#101 the body of &#107&#110&#111&#119&#108&#101&#100&#103&#101 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 in Japan can grow to become adequate. The geographic distribution and ingredients of the Japanese Panaeolus species must &#97&#108&#115&#111 &#98&#101 &#115&#116&#117&#100&#105&#101&#100&#13&#10&#102&#117&#114&#116&#104&#101&#114&#46 &#70&#111&#114 instance, Panaeolus subbalteatus is one of &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#97&#114&#101 growing on several Japanese islands today.<br> CHAPTER 7.6 INTOXICATIONS AND THE OLDEST KNOWN MUSHROOM CULT IN AFRICA So &#102&#97&#114&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#102&#108&#111&#114&#97 &#111&#102 the &#65&#102&#114&#105&#99&#97&#110&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 &#104&#97&#115 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#115&#116&#117&#100&#105&#101&#100 only peripherally and remains largely unknown. During the late 1980s, Italian mycologist G. Samorini and Terence McKenna, working independently, found evidence for the &#111&#108&#100&#101&#115&#116 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#99&#117&#108&#116 &#105&#110 Africa.<br> Their discoveries were not just sensational, but most surprising &#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108&#46 &#79&#110 &#116&#104&#101 other hand, it really shouldn't come as &#97 &#115&#117&#114&#112&#114&#105&#115&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 oldest traces of human contact with mushrooms were found on &#116&#104&#101 &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 as the cradle &#111&#102&#13&#10&#104&#117&#109&#97&#110&#105&#116&#121&#46&#13&#10&#49&#48&#44&#48&#48&#48 &#89&#101&#97&#114&#115 &#79&#108&#100&#13&#10&#70&#114&#111&#109 &#57&#44&#48&#48&#48 to </p> </div> <div id="footer"> <div class="left"> <a href="/ Hallucinogenic Mushrooms Africa.html" class="doNotPrint"> Magic Mushroom Cultivation</a><br /> <a href="/ shrooms info.html" class="doNotPrint"> Psilocybe Azurescens</a> </div> <br class="doNotDisplay doNotPrint" /> <div class="right"> copyright © 2006 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/buy+magic+mushrooms.asp" title="Buy Magic Mushrooms" alt="Buy Magic Mushrooms" >Buy Magic Mushrooms</a><br /> design by <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/how+to+growing+magic+mushrooms+at+home/" title="How To Growing Magic Mushrooms At Home" alt="How To Growing Magic Mushrooms At Home" >How To Growing Magic Mushrooms At Home</a> </div></div> </body>