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alt="Magic Mushrooms Cultivation Cow Manure" >Magic Mushrooms Cultivation Cow Manure</a> &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#99&#111&#110&#102&#117&#115&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#116&#104&#101 variation in the source of the &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 is <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magic+mushroom+indentifiion+nz.asp" title="Nz magic shrooms Nz magic shrooms Magic magic shrooms Indentifiion" alt="Nz magic shrooms Nz magic shrooms Magic magic shrooms Indentifiion" >Nz magic shrooms Nz magic shrooms Magic magic shrooms Indentifiion</a> consumed.<br> </p> <p align="left"> &#13&#10&#67&#65&#84&#84&#76&#69 &#65&#83 &#65 &#80&#79&#83&#83&#73&#66&#76&#69 DISPERSAL <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/shrooms+scotland+grow+kit/" title="Shrooms Scotland Grow Kit" alt="Shrooms Scotland Grow Kit" >Shrooms Scotland Grow Kit</a> MECHANISM FOR &#80&#83&#89&#67&#72&#79&#65&#67&#84&#73&#86&#69 &#68&#85&#78&#71 &#70&#85&#78&#71&#73&#13&#10&#79&#110&#101 &#109&#97&#121 ask the question, "how &#100&#105&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#114&#105&#118&#101 &#105&#110 Australia &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#101&#119 &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100&#63&#34 &#87&#101&#108&#108 some species &#109&#97&#121 &#98&#101 &#101&#110&#100&#101&#109&#105&#99&#44&#116&#104&#97&#116 &#105&#115&#44 they were already there naturally. Other species such as the above described dung-inhabiting mushrooms most likelyappeared after the introduction of cattle on the subcontinent.The &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#108&#105&#118&#101&#115&#116&#111&#99&#107 &#116&#111 &#97&#114&#114&#105&#118&#101 in Australia were brought &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#67&#97&#112&#101 &#111&#102 Good &#72&#111&#112&#101 &#105&#110&#49&#55&#56&#56&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#105&#110&#99&#108&#117&#100&#101&#100 2 bulls and 5 cows, along with other domesticated farm animals.<br> Byl803, the government owned approximately 1800 cattle, most of which were importedfrom the Cape, Calcutta, and the west coast of America. It was during &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#112&#101&#114&#105&#111&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#115&#111&#109&#101 &#111&#102 the visionary mushrooms &#109&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#102&#105&#101&#108&#100 &#103&#117&#105&#100&#101 probably first appeared inAustralia (Unsigned, &#49&#57&#55&#51&#41&#46 &#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110 mycologist John &#66&#117&#114&#116&#111&#110 &#67&#108&#101&#108&#97&#110&#100&#40&#49&#57&#51&#52&#41&#44 &#34&#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 in cow or horse-dung and confined to such habitats, &#109&#117&#115&#116 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#99&#97&#115&#101 &#111&#102 Australia, all belong to introduced species". It &#105&#115 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#104&#97&#118&#101 been the &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104&#65&#102&#114&#105&#99&#97&#110 &#100&#117&#110&#103 &#98&#101&#101&#116&#108&#101 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 may have actually spread the spores.<br> According to Englishmycologist Roy Watling of the &#82&#111&#121&#97&#108 &#66&#111&#116&#97&#110&#105&#99 &#71&#97&#114&#100&#101&#110&#115 &#105&#110 Glasgow, Scotland, "it must beremembered that fungi can change &#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#114&#97&#116&#101 &#112&#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 are coprophilousfungi on kangaroo droppings &#101&#116&#99&#46&#34 &#83&#111&#109&#101 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#119&#104&#111 have studied the "magicmushrooms" &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#90 &#99&#108&#97&#105&#109 that the "use &#111&#102 &#80&#46 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#97&#115 &#97 &#114&#101&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 drugtends to confirm the belief that &#91&#115&#111&#109&#101&#93 &#102&#97&#114&#109&#101&#114&#115 &#105&#110 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 times may have] added one or two basidiomes gilled mushrooms] to a mealto &#108&#105&#118&#101&#110 &#105&#116 &#117&#112 &#91&#97&#110&#100 still do] &#77&#97&#114&#103&#111&#116 &#38&#97&#109&#112&#59 &#87&#97&#116&#108&#105&#110&#103&#44 &#49&#57&#56&#49&#41&#46&#34&#13&#10&#13&#10&#67&#65&#84&#84&#76&#69 AS A POSSIBLE DISPERSAL MECHANISM FOR PSYCHOACTIVE DUNG FUNGI One may ask the question, "how did these mushrooms arrive in Australia and New Zealand?" Well some species may be endemic,that &#105&#115&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#108&#114&#101&#97&#100&#121 there naturally.<br> &#79&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#97&#115 the above described dung-inhabiting mushrooms most likelyappeared after the introduction of cattle on the subcontinent.<br>The first &#108&#105&#118&#101&#115&#116&#111&#99&#107 &#116&#111 &#97&#114&#114&#105&#118&#101 &#105&#110 Australia were brought from <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/wild+shrooms.asp" title="Wild Shrooms" alt="Wild Shrooms" >Wild Shrooms</a> the Cape of Good &#72&#111&#112&#101 &#105&#110&#49&#55&#56&#56&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#105&#110&#99&#108&#117&#100&#101&#100 2 bulls and 5 cows, &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#100&#111&#109&#101&#115&#116&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101&#100 farm &#97&#110&#105&#109&#97&#108&#115&#46 &#66&#121&#108&#56&#48&#51&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#103&#111&#118&#101&#114&#110&#109&#101&#110&#116 owned approximately 1800 cattle, most of which were &#105&#109&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100&#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#67&#97&#112&#101&#44 &#67&#97&#108&#99&#117&#116&#116&#97&#44 and the &#119&#101&#115&#116 &#99&#111&#97&#115&#116 &#111&#102 &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97&#46 It was during this period thatsome of &#116&#104&#101 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#97&#114&#121 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#109&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110&#101&#100 in this field guide probably &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#40&#85&#110&#115&#105&#103&#110&#101&#100&#44 1973).<br> According to Australian mycologist &#74&#111&#104&#110 &#66&#117&#114&#116&#111&#110 &#67&#108&#101&#108&#97&#110&#100&#40&#49&#57&#51&#52&#41&#44 &#34&#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 growing in cow &#111&#114 &#104&#111&#114&#115&#101&#45&#100&#117&#110&#103 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#110&#101&#100 to &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#97&#116&#115&#44 &#109&#117&#115&#116 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#99&#97&#115&#101 of Australia, all belong to introduced species". It is believed &#116&#111 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 SouthAfrican dung beetle which may have actually spread the spores. According &#116&#111 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#105&#115&#104&#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116 &#82&#111&#121 &#87&#97&#116&#108&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#102 the &#82&#111&#121&#97&#108 &#66&#111&#116&#97&#110&#105&#99 &#71&#97&#114&#100&#101&#110&#115 &#105&#110 Glasgow, &#83&#99&#111&#116&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#34&#105&#116 &#109&#117&#115&#116 &#98&#101&#114&#101&#109&#101&#109&#98&#101&#114&#101&#100 that fungi can change substrate &#112&#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#114&#101 coprophilousfungi &#111&#110 &#107&#97&#110&#103&#97&#114&#111&#111 &#100&#114&#111&#112&#112&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#101&#116&#99&#46&#34 Some mycologists who have studied the "magicmushrooms" in Australia and NZ &#99&#108&#97&#105&#109 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#34&#117&#115&#101 of P. &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#97&#115 &#97 &#114&#101&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 drugtends to &#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#114&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#102 &#116&#104&#97&#116 some] farmers in early &#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 &#109&#97&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101&#93 &#97&#100&#100&#101&#100 one or two basidiomes gilled mushrooms] to a &#109&#101&#97&#108&#116&#111 &#108&#105&#118&#101&#110 &#105&#116 &#117&#112 &#97&#110&#100 still &#100&#111&#93 &#77&#97&#114&#103&#111&#116 &#38&#97&#109&#112&#59 &#87&#97&#116&#108&#105&#110&#103&#44 1981)." CATTLE AS A POSSIBLE DISPERSAL &#77&#69&#67&#72&#65&#78&#73&#83&#77 &#70&#79&#82 &#80&#83&#89&#67&#72&#79&#65&#67&#84&#73&#86&#69 &#68&#85&#78&#71 &#70&#85&#78&#71&#73&#13&#10&#79&#110&#101 may &#97&#115&#107 &#116&#104&#101 &#113&#117&#101&#115&#116&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#34&#104&#111&#119 did these mushrooms &#97&#114&#114&#105&#118&#101 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 New Zealand?" Well some species may be endemic,that is, they were already there naturally. Other species such as the above &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101&#100 &#100&#117&#110&#103&#45&#105&#110&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121&#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#97&#102&#116&#101&#114 the introduction of cattle &#111&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116&#46&#84&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 livestock to &#97&#114&#114&#105&#118&#101 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#119&#101&#114&#101 brought &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#67&#97&#112&#101 &#111&#102 Good Hope in1788, and included &#50 &#98&#117&#108&#108&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#53 &#99&#111&#119&#115&#44 along with other domesticated farm animals. Byl803, the government owned approximately 1800 cattle, &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#111&#102 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#119&#101&#114&#101 importedfrom the Cape, Calcutta, and the west coast of America. &#73&#116 &#119&#97&#115 &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#105&#115 period &#116&#104&#97&#116&#115&#111&#109&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#97&#114&#121 mushrooms mentioned in this field guide probably first appeared inAustralia (Unsigned, 1973). According to Australian &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116 &#74&#111&#104&#110 &#66&#117&#114&#116&#111&#110 &#67&#108&#101&#108&#97&#110&#100&#40&#49&#57&#51&#52&#41&#44 "fungi growing in cow or horse-dung and confined to such habitats, must in thecase of Australia, all belong to introduced species". &#73&#116 &#105&#115 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#104&#97&#118&#101 been the SouthAfrican dung beetle which may have &#97&#99&#116&#117&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115&#46 According to Englishmycologist Roy Watling of the Royal Botanic Gardens in Glasgow, Scotland, "it must beremembered &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 &#99&#97&#110 &#99&#104&#97&#110&#103&#101 substrate preferences and &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#112&#114&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#111&#117&#115&#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 &#111&#110 kangaroo &#100&#114&#111&#112&#112&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#101&#116&#99&#46&#34 &#83&#111&#109&#101 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 who &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#115&#116&#117&#100&#105&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#34&#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#34 in &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#90 &#99&#108&#97&#105&#109 that the "use &#111&#102 &#80&#46 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#97&#115 &#97 recreational drugtends to confirm the belief that some &#102&#97&#114&#109&#101&#114&#115 &#105&#110 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 may have added one or two basidiomes gilled mushrooms to a mealto &#108&#105&#118&#101&#110 &#105&#116 &#117&#112 &#91&#97&#110&#100 &#115&#116&#105&#108&#108 do Margot & &#87&#97&#116&#108&#105&#110&#103&#44 &#49&#57&#56&#49&#41&#46&#34&#13&#10&#13&#10&#67&#65&#84&#84&#76&#69 &#65&#83 &#65 POSSIBLE DISPERSAL MECHANISM FOR PSYCHOACTIVE DUNG &#70&#85&#78&#71&#73&#13&#10&#79&#110&#101 &#109&#97&#121 &#97&#115&#107 &#116&#104&#101 question, "how did these mushrooms arrive in Australia and New Zealand?" &#87&#101&#108&#108 &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#109&#97&#121 &#98&#101 endemic,that is, they were already there naturally. Other &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101 above described dung-inhabiting mushrooms &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121&#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#97&#102&#116&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#101 introduction of cattle &#111&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116&#46&#84&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#108&#105&#118&#101&#115&#116&#111&#99&#107 to arrive in Australia were brought from the Cape of Good Hope in1788, and included 2 bulls and 5 cows, along with other domesticated farm animals.<br> Byl803, the government owned approximately &#49&#56&#48&#48 &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101&#44 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#111&#102 which were importedfrom &#116&#104&#101 &#67&#97&#112&#101&#44 &#67&#97&#108&#99&#117&#116&#116&#97&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#101&#115&#116 coast &#111&#102 &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97&#46 &#73&#116 &#119&#97&#115 during this period thatsome &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#97&#114&#121 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 mentioned &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#102&#105&#101&#108&#100 &#103&#117&#105&#100&#101 probably first appeared inAustralia (Unsigned, 1973). According to Australian &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116 &#74&#111&#104&#110 &#66&#117&#114&#116&#111&#110 &#67&#108&#101&#108&#97&#110&#100&#40&#49&#57&#51&#52&#41&#44 "fungi growing in cow or horse-dung &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#115&#117&#99&#104 habitats, &#109&#117&#115&#116 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#99&#97&#115&#101 &#111&#102 Australia, all belong to introduced &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#34&#46 &#73&#116 &#105&#115 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#101&#100 to have &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104&#65&#102&#114&#105&#99&#97&#110 &#100&#117&#110&#103 beetle which may have actually spread the spores. According to Englishmycologist Roy Watling of the Royal &#66&#111&#116&#97&#110&#105&#99 &#71&#97&#114&#100&#101&#110&#115 &#105&#110 &#71&#108&#97&#115&#103&#111&#119&#44 Scotland, "it &#109&#117&#115&#116 &#98&#101&#114&#101&#109&#101&#109&#98&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 &#99&#97&#110 change substrate &#112&#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#114&#101 coprophilousfungi &#111&#110 &#107&#97&#110&#103&#97&#114&#111&#111 &#100&#114&#111&#112&#112&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#101&#116&#99&#46&#34 Some mycologists &#119&#104&#111 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#115&#116&#117&#100&#105&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 "magicmushrooms" in &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#90 &#99&#108&#97&#105&#109 that the &#34&#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#80&#46 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 as a recreational drugtends to confirm the belief that some farmers in early times &#109&#97&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#97&#100&#100&#101&#100 &#111&#110&#101 or two basidiomes gilled mushrooms &#116&#111 &#97 &#109&#101&#97&#108&#116&#111 &#108&#105&#118&#101&#110 it up and still do Margot &#38&#97&#109&#112&#59 &#87&#97&#116&#108&#105&#110&#103&#44 &#49&#57&#56&#49&#41&#46&#34&#13&#10 </p> <p align="right"> Existing &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#105&#110&#100&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#109&#97&#110 in the Old World <b> shrooms scotland grow kit</b> —Europe, &#65&#115&#105&#97&#44 &#65&#102&#114&#105&#99&#97&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#8212&#104&#97&#115 &#109&#97&#100&#101 less &#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#110&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#112&#108&#97&#110&#116&#115 &#97&#110&#100 shrubs &#102&#111&#114 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99 &#112&#114&#111&#112&#101&#114&#116&#105&#101&#115 than &#104&#97&#115 &#109&#97&#110 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 New World. <H3> liberty cap mushrooms uk</H3> There is &#108&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#114&#101&#97&#115&#111&#110 &#116&#111 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#101 that the vegetation of one half <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/findingandpickingshroomsinaustralia.asp" title="Findingandpickingshroomsinaustralia" alt="Findingandpickingshroomsinaustralia" >Findingandpickingshroomsinaustralia</a> of <H1> shrooms scotland grow kit</H1> the &#103&#108&#111&#98&#101 &#105&#115 &#112&#111&#111&#114&#101&#114 &#111&#114 richer &#105&#110 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99 properties than &#116&#104&#101 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#104&#97&#108&#102&#46 &#87&#104&#121&#44 then, should there be &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#100&#105&#115&#112&#97&#114&#105&#116&#121&#63 &#72&#97&#115 &#109&#97&#110 in the Old World simply not &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#109&#97&#110&#121 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 native hallucinogenic plants? &#65&#114&#101 &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#109 too toxic in &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#119&#97&#121&#115 &#116&#111 &#98&#101 utilized? Or has man in &#116&#104&#101 &#79&#108&#100 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100 &#98&#101&#101&#110 culturally less &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#110&#97&#114&#99&#111&#116&#105&#99&#115&#63 &#87&#101 have no real answer. But we do know that the Old World has fewer known &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#101&#109&#112&#108&#111&#121&#101&#100 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#97&#110 does &#116&#104&#101 &#78&#101&#119 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100&#58 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#97&#114&#101&#100 with only 15 &#111&#114 &#50&#48 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#117&#115&#101&#100 in the Eastern Hemisphere, &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#117&#115&#101&#100 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99&#97&#108&#108&#121 in the Western &#72&#101&#109&#105&#115&#112&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#110&#117&#109&#98&#101&#114 &#109&#111&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#110 100! Yet some of the &#79&#108&#100 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#115 &#116&#111&#100&#97&#121 hold places of &#112&#114&#105&#109&#97&#99&#121 &#116&#104&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#111&#114&#108&#100&#46 Cannabis, undoubtedly the most widespread of all the hallucinogens, is perhaps the best example. The several &#115&#111&#108&#97&#110&#97&#99&#101&#111&#117&#115 &#105&#110&#103&#114&#101&#100&#105&#101&#110&#116&#115 &#111&#102 &#109&#101&#100&#105&#101&#118&#97&#108 witches' brews—henbane, nightshade, &#98&#101&#108&#108&#97&#100&#111&#110&#110&#97&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#109&#97&#110&#100&#114&#97&#107&#101&#8212&#103&#114&#101&#97&#116&#108&#121 &#105&#110&#102&#108&#117&#101&#110&#99&#101&#100 European philosophy, medicine, and even history for many years. Some played an extraordinarily vital &#114&#101&#108&#105&#103&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#114&#111&#108&#101 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 early <i> liberty cap mushrooms uk</i> &#65&#114&#121&#97&#110 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#110&#111&#114&#116&#104&#101&#114&#110 India. The role of hallucinogens in the &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108 &#97&#110&#100 &#115&#111&#99&#105&#97&#108 &#100&#101&#118&#101&#108&#111&#112&#109&#101&#110&#116 of &#109&#97&#110&#121 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 Old &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100 &#105&#115 &#111&#110&#108&#121 &#110&#111&#119 being investigated. At every turn, &#105&#116&#115 &#101&#120&#116&#101 </p> ure of Psilocybe semilanceata (with sclerotia formation). Figure 48 - Inocybe aeruginascens on grassy soil Figure 49 - Psilocybe cubensis on horse manure and rice. portions of mycelia whose texture is somewhat like wool. The kind of viruses known to appear in champignon cultures - where they have already caused a lot of damage - have so far not been found in cultures of the Psilocybe and Panaeolus species. It is safe to say that we currently know a great deal about the nutritional requirements of Psilocybe cubensis. To a lesser extent, such information is available about other species as well. Armed with this knowledge, future researchers may well discover new insights into physiology of these species, as well as the biochemical changes that occur during fruiting. In my experiments, it has already been established that the process of differentiation whereby mycelia are transformed into sclerotia or fruiting bodies is linked to increased production of psilocybin as well as psilocin, especially in Psilocybe cubensis. Due to the relatively complex methodology and the type of equipment needed to isolate and maintain sterile cultures, it appears unlikely that cultivation of Psilocybe cubensis mushrooms by laypersons will significantly heighten the mushroom's popularity or widen its area of distribution anytime soon. However, since the early 1980s, growing numbers of mycophiles in North America and Europe have successfully used "natural outdoor cultivation" to fruit Psilocybe cyanescens and similar species. This process involves selection of natural wood substrates striated with mycelia (rhizomorphs) that usually turn blue in response to handling. The mycelia are then transferred onto fresh wood chips or commercial mulch (not from cedar trees). After several months of growth, the mycelia fruit during the fall season. Figure 50 - Surface culture of Inocybe aeruginascens on a liquid nutrient medium. Figure 51 - Panaeolus subbalteatus on cow dung and rice. Figure 52 - Psilocybe cubensis on wet newspaper. CHAPTER 7 PSYCHOTROPIC MUSHROOM SPECIES AROUND THE WORLD Figure 53 - Psilocybe cubensis on compost. Figure 54 - Psilocybe stuntzii (grasslands variety) from British Columbia. Figure 55 - Giant mushroom sculpture from Kerala, India. There is considerable debate among experts about the significance and purpose of the sculpture. Figure 56 - Magic mushrooms & water buffalo t-shirt from Thailand, designed for the Western tourist market. CHAPTER 7.1 SPOTLIGHT ON NORTH AMERICA AND HAWAII In 1961, V.E. Tyler became the first investigator to report the detection of psilocybin in Psilocybe pelliculosa (Smith) Singer & Smith, a North American mushroom species. One year later, two research groups, working independently, discovered psilocybin, as well as psilocin, in samples of Psilocybe baeocystis Singer & Smith from the Pacific Northwest region of North America. Additional chemical and taxonomic findin INTRODUCTION Mind-altering (psilocybine containing) mushrooms have been traditionally used in religious healing and curing ceremonies by native peoples in Mesoamerica for more than 3,000 years. Today, the recreational use of hallucinogenic fungi by Westerners is widespread, especially in various regions of the United States, Canada, Mexico, Caribbean, Great Britain, Europe (especially in the Netherlands), Scandinavia, South America, Southeast Asia, India, Bali, Samoa; Australia and New Zealand. The modern, non-traditional use of hallucinogenic mushrooms has been stimulated, by media reports in newspapers, magazines, word-of-mouth communication, the World Wide Web and Internet, and also by the scholarly and popular journal publications of the renown ethnomycologist R. Gordon Wasson, (Harvard psychologist Timothy Leary, traveler Jeremy Sanford, health guru Andrew Weil, and others (see Allen , Merlin &Jansen, 1991).This field guide reviews the history of both the accidental and purposeful use of psychoactive mushrooms in Australia and New Zealand. Information in this guide has been gathered from personal experiences in Australia by the author and from reports in the scientific literature, news items appearing in the popular press, and personal communications with Australian and New Zealand (NZ) professionals (Unsigned 1970; O'Neill, 1986). , and who gorge themselves on our tax dollars. I met Jochen Gartz shortly after the fall of the Berlin Wall at the third symposium of the European College for the Study of Consciousness (ECSC) in Freiburg, Germany. Our encounter was my first contact with a researcher from the former East Germany. Jochen Gartz's enthusiastic lecture was a truly consciousnessexpanding event, his words breaking down traditional borders and crossing over into new territory. The magic mushrooms spoke through him - with no trace of dogma or ideology - in the tradition of true anarchy that is the hallmark of mushroom magic. What I heard was unbelievable. Jochen spoke of a "new" psychedelic mushroom and its migration. The mycelia had spread in concentric circles outward from Leipzig, jumping all political borders. Finally, when the mycelia reached West German soil, the hated Berlin Wall crumbled. Could there possibly be a connection between the evolution of the magic mushroom and the evolution of our consciousness? Could a mushroom have contributed to the resolution of our political conflicts? In the past, politicians, even popes, had their own jesters and magicians, who functioned as pressure release valves in the machinations of political power struggles. It is obvious that a country whose chancellor is being pelted with eggs, urgently needs a new breed of magician who are able to readjust reality. But today, no aspiring magician should go about this task without this book as a guide for the wondrous journey into the realm of magic mushrooms. Christian Rdtsch Figure 5 - "Anthropomorphic Beings Engaged in Mushroom Dance" 10,000-year-old rock drawing in Tassili, Sahara (Algeria) CHAPTER 1 I BELIEVE THE TIME HAS COME FOR A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF NEW FINDINGS FROM THE FIELDS OF MYCOLOGY, TAXONOMY AND NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY When R.G. Wasson, R. Heim and A. Hofmann began their interdisciplinary research program to study the Mexican species of mushrooms and their usage in Mexican mushroom cults, their efforts culminated in a 1958 landmark report that described the isolation, molecular structure and synthesis of the mushrooms' active ingredients: psilocybin and psilocin. Several years later, these substances were also identified in a species of mushroom in Europe, Psilocybe semilanceata, which became the first in a series of newly discovered species. Since then, psychoactive mushrooms from other genera have been reported with increasing frequency. As part of my analytical work dedicated to the identification of naturally occurring chemicals, I had the good fortune to be part of a research team that studied alkaloids found in a variety of mushroom species. Now I believe the time has come for a comprehensive review of new findings from the fields of mycology, taxonomy and natural products chemistry. Wasson and his successors have already provided detailed accounts pertaining to the history and study of the Me <p align="center"> <u> vision while on mushrooms</u> Mind-altering (psilocybine <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/mushroons+in+cow+compost.asp" title="Mushroons In Cow Compost" alt="Mushroons In Cow Compost" >Mushroons In Cow Compost</a> &#99&#111&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103&#41 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 traditionally &#117&#115&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#114&#101&#108&#105&#103&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#104&#101&#97&#108&#105&#110&#103 and &#99&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#99&#101&#114&#101&#109&#111&#110&#105&#101&#115 &#98&#121 &#110&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101 </p> As they say, ʼTis the season to be pickingʼ, but make &#77&#111&#115&#116 &#114&#101&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#117&#115&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#102 Psilocybe cubensis (when &#103&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 &#118&#105&#116&#114&#111&#41 &#114&#101&#113&#117&#105&#114&#101 a dosage of &#49 &#116&#111 &#50 &#103&#109 of dried mushrooms to &#112&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#101 &#97&#110 &#97&#108&#116&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#115&#116&#97&#116&#101 of consciousness; a clinical dosage for Psilocybe cubensis, on the other &#104&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#104&#97&#100 &#112&#114&#101&#118&#105&#111&#117&#115&#108&#121 &#98&#101&#101&#110 reported as ranging from 3 to 5 &#103&#109 &#111&#102 &#100&#114&#105&#101&#100 &#109&#97&#116&#101&#114&#105&#97&#108&#46 This dosage would be comparable &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#97&#109&#111&#117&#110&#116 &#111&#102 fungal material consumed &#102&#111&#114 &#114&#101&#108&#105&#103&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#111&#115&#101&#115 &#105&#110 a Mazatec &#73&#110&#100&#105&#97&#110 &#104&#101&#97&#108&#105&#110&#103 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 ceremony.<br> In 1982, one research team "found that the &#108&#101&#118&#101&#108 &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 &#97&#110&#100 psilocin varies over a factor of 4 &#97&#109&#111&#110&#103 &#118&#97&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#105&#110 &#118&#105&#116&#114&#111 cultures of Psilocybe cubensis, while specimens &#102&#114&#111&#109 <H3> Gymnopilus purpuratus</H3> &#111&#117&#116&#100&#111&#111&#114&#115 &#118&#97&#114&#105&#101&#100 &#116&#101&#110&#102&#111&#108&#100&#46&#34 A fresh dosage of Psilocybe cubensis &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#98&#101 approximately from 1 &#116&#111 &#50 &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 weighing &#117&#112 &#116&#111 &#97&#115 &#109&#117&#99&#104 as one fresh ounce, or as many as &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#50&#53 &#116&#111 &#53&#48 small mushrooms equaling the same &#119&#101&#105&#103&#104&#116 &#97&#109&#111&#117&#110&#116&#46 &#69&#116&#104&#110&#111&#112&#104&#97&#114&#109&#97&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116 &#74&#111&#110&#97&#116&#104&#97&#110 Ott (1976, 1993) noted that &#104&#101 &#104&#97&#115 &#111&#98&#115&#101&#114&#118&#101&#100 &#34&#116&#104&#101 ingestion of from 0.5 gm &#116&#111 &#53&#46&#57 &#103&#109 &#100&#114&#105&#101&#100 weight (10 gm to 40 &#103&#109 &#102&#114&#101&#115&#104&#41&#34&#44 &#111&#102 &#118&#97&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115 species of Psilocybe. &#68&#111&#115&#97&#103&#101 &#102&#111&#114 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 would be the same as for Psilocybe cubensis. Both of these latter <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/panaeolus+subbalteatus+spore+print.asp" title="Panaeolus Subbalteatus Spore Print" alt="Panaeolus Subbalteatus Spore Print" >Panaeolus Subbalteatus Spore Print</a> two species are macroscopically alike.<br> The usual &#100&#111&#115&#97&#103&#101 &#102&#111&#114 &#67&#111&#112&#101&#108&#97&#110&#100&#105&#97 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 required to induce psychedelic visual effects ranges from &#49 &#116&#111 &#51 &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101 specimens &#40&#99&#97&#112 &#100&#105&#97&#109&#101&#116&#101&#114 &#99&#46 &#53 &#109&#109&#41&#44 &#111&#114 as &#109&#97&#110&#121 &#97&#115 &#53 &#116&#111 l0 &#109&#101&#100&#105&#117&#109&#45&#115&#105&#122&#101&#100 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#40&#99&#97&#112 &#100&#105&#97&#109&#101&#116&#101&#114 c. 2.5 mm); however, personal tolerance to &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#109&#97&#121 &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114 with continued use, and some who consume large amounts of this &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100&#108&#121 &#105&#110&#103&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100 as many as 50 to 200 fresh specimens of various sizes.<br> More &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#104&#97&#108&#102 &#111&#102 <H2> vision while on mushrooms</H2> &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#39&#115 beef cattle can <u> Vision While On Mushrooms</u> <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magic+mushroom+psychedelic+pictures+nz.asp" title="Magic Mushroom Psychedelic Pictures Nz" alt="Magic Mushroom Psychedelic Pictures Nz" >Magic Mushroom Psychedelic Pictures Nz</a> be found in the coastal <H2> mushrooms with bronze caps</H2> areas <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/panaeolussubbalteatussporeprint.asp" title="Panaeolussubbalteatussporeprint" alt="Panaeolussubbalteatussporeprint" >Panaeolussubbalteatussporeprint</a> &#111&#102 &#81&#117&#101&#101&#110&#115&#108&#97&#110&#100 <div align="justify"> The first livestock to arrive in Australia were <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/wwwmagicgrowingmushroomscom.asp" title="Wwwmagicgrowingmushroomscom" alt="Wwwmagicgrowingmushroomscom" >Wwwmagicgrowingmushroomscom</a> brought from &#116&#104&#101 &#67&#97&#112&#101 &#111&#102 &#71&#111&#111&#100 &#72&#111&#112&#101 in </div> Dosages for Psilocybe australiana Guzmán & Watling, Psilocybe eucalypta Guzmán & <p align="justify"> &#13&#10&#74&#79&#67&#72&#69&#78 &#71&#65&#82&#84&#90&#13&#10&#77&#65&#71&#73&#67 &#77&#85&#83&#72&#82&#79&#79&#77&#83&#13&#10&#65&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 the World A Scientific Journey Across Cultures and Time The Case for Challenging Research and Value Systems * LIS PUBLICATIONS * LOS &#65&#78&#71&#69&#76&#69&#83&#44 &#67&#65&#42&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#49 &#45 Water Color Painting &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#13&#10&#40&#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#44 &#49&#57&#50&#55&#41&#13&#10&#84&#65&#66&#76&#69 OF CONTENT (With Active Links' Just Click On A Subject &#84&#111 &#71&#111 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/cultivating+magic+mushroom.asp" title="Cultivating Magic Mushroom" alt="Cultivating Magic Mushroom" >Cultivating Magic Mushroom</a> &#84&#111 &#84&#104&#101 Page) "Who Was the First Magician?" - Foreword &#98&#121 &#67&#104&#114&#105&#115&#116&#105&#97&#110 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/cultivating+magic+mushroom.asp" title="Cultivating Magic Mushroom" alt="Cultivating Magic Mushroom" >Cultivating Magic Mushroom</a> &#82&#97&#116&#115&#99&#104 &#55&#13&#10&#49&#46 Introduction 9 2. Reflections &#111&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#72&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#121 &#97&#110&#100 Scientific Study of Magic Mushrooms 10 3.<br> The Current &#83&#116&#97&#116&#101 &#111&#102 &#75&#110&#111&#119&#108&#101&#100&#103&#101 &#65&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 Species 14 3.<br>1 Psilocybe semilanceata: The Classic Species Among European &#80&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#49&#54&#13&#10&#51&#46&#50 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 cyanescens: Potent Mushrooms Growing on Wood Debris 29 3.3 Panaeolus subbalteatus: Mycology and &#77&#121&#116&#104&#115 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 Species 37 3.<br>4 Inocybe aeruginascens: Fast-Spreading &#78&#101&#119 &#65&#114&#114&#105&#118&#97&#108&#115 &#52&#52&#13&#10&#51&#46&#53 &#71&#121&#109&#110&#111&#112&#105&#108&#117&#115 purpuratus: Magnificent Mushrooms from South America 51 3.6 Conocybe cyanopus: Tiny Mushrooms of Remarkable Potency &#53&#53&#13&#10&#51&#46&#55 &#80&#108&#117&#116&#101&#117&#115 &#115&#97&#108&#105&#99&#105&#110&#117&#115&#58 &#65 &#76&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101&#45&#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 Wood-Inhabiting Species 58 4.<br> &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#73&#100&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#58 &#84&#97&#120&#111&#110&#111&#109&#105&#99 &#67&#111&#110&#102&#117&#115&#105&#111&#110 and the &#80&#111&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#97&#108 &#102&#111&#114 &#68&#101&#97&#100&#108&#121 &#77&#105&#115&#116&#97&#107&#101&#115 61 5. The &#66&#108&#117&#105&#110&#103 &#80&#104&#101&#110&#111&#109&#101&#110&#111&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#77&#101&#116&#111&#108 Testing: Reality vs. Wishful Thinking 63 6. Mushroom Cultivation: Classic Findings and New &#84&#101&#99&#104&#110&#105&#113&#117&#101&#115 &#54&#54&#13&#10&#55&#46 &#80&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 Species Around the &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100 &#55&#55&#13&#10&#55&#46&#49 &#83&#112&#111&#116&#108&#105&#103&#104&#116 &#111&#110 &#78&#111&#114&#116&#104 America and Hawaii 79 7.2 Mycophilia in Central and South &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97 &#56&#50&#13&#10&#55&#46&#51 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#39&#115 &#77&#121&#99&#111&#102&#108&#111&#114&#97 Attracts Attention 84 7.4 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 &#67&#117&#115&#116&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#67&#111&#110&#118&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 87 7.5 Japanese Experimentation 93 7.6 Intoxications and the Oldest Known Mushroom Cult in Africa 95 7.<br>7 Usage in Southeast Asia and the &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104 &#80&#97&#99&#105&#102&#105&#99 &#73&#115&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115 &#57&#56&#13&#10&#56&#46 &#83&#111&#109&#101 &#67&#111&#109&#109&#101&#110&#116&#115 on Effects of &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#67&#97&#116&#101&#103&#111&#114&#121 Phantastika 102 9.<br> &#80&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#97&#112&#121 &#49&#48&#56&#13&#10&#49&#48&#46 &#79&#117&#116&#108&#111&#111&#107 &#49&#49&#52&#13&#10&#49&#49&#46 &#66&#105&#98&#108&#105&#111&#103&#114&#97&#112&#104&#121 120 Index &#49&#50&#57&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#50 &#45 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 cubensis from &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#51 &#45 &#87&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114 &#112&#97&#105&#110&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#102 Panaeolus &#115&#117&#98&#98&#97&#108&#116&#101&#97&#116&#117&#115 &#40&#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#44 &#49&#57&#50&#55&#41&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#52 - Fresh Panaeolus subbalteatus mushrooms. FOREWORD Nobody knows precisely when the first magic mushroom emerged <b> Shrooms Scotland Grow Kit</b> from the &#115&#104&#97&#100&#111&#119&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#112&#114&#101&#104&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#121 &#116&#111 &#101&#110&#116&#101&#114 the light of consciousness. Nobody knows when &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#13&#10&#119&#97&#115 &#101&#97&#116&#101&#110 by a human being. Nobody knows just who the first magic &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#101&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#119&#97&#115&#46 <H2> Shrooms Scotland Grow Kit</H2> &#73&#110&#13&#10&#115&#101&#101&#107&#105&#110&#103 answers to these questions, we can only speculate. Mycophobes, however, are &#113&#117&#105&#99&#107 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#118&#111&#105&#99&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#99&#111&#110&#118&#105&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#116 only a &#102&#111&#111&#108 &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#98&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#99&#107&#108&#101&#115&#115 &#101&#110&#111&#117&#103&#104 to want &#116&#111 &#97&#116&#116&#97&#105&#110 &#97 &#104&#105&#103&#104&#101&#114 state of consciousness beyond the &#98&#111&#117&#110&#100&#97&#114&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#101&#118&#101&#114&#121&#100&#97&#121 &#114&#101&#97&#108&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#65&#110&#100 only a fool would attempt to &#100&#111 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#98&#121 &#105&#110&#103&#101&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103 those odd &#108&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#109&#121&#115&#116&#101&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#114&#105&#118&#101 &#111&#110 decaying, humid soil, rotten wood and malodorous mounds of cow manure. Historically, magic, mushrooms have been feared &#97&#110&#100 &#104&#97&#116&#101&#100&#96 &#115&#105&#110&#99&#101 &#97&#110&#116&#105&#113&#117&#105&#116&#121&#58 magic mushrooms were thought to be made from poisons that had &#100&#114&#105&#112&#112&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#115&#101&#114&#112&#101&#110&#116&#115&#39 &#102&#97&#110&#103&#115&#59&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101&#121 were considered to be unclean emissions of evil spirits; moreover, &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#97 &#107&#110 </p> INTRODUCTION Mind-altering (psilocybine containing) mushrooms have been traditionally used in religious healing and curing ceremonies by native peoples in Mesoamerica for more than 3,000 years. Today, the recreational use of hallucinogenic fungi by Westerners is widespread, especially in various regions of the United States, Canada, Mexico, Caribbean, Great Britain, Europe (especially in the Netherlands), Scandinavia, South America, Southeast Asia, India, Bali, Samoa; Australia and New Zealand. The modern, non-traditional use of hallucinogenic mushrooms has been stimulated, by media reports in newspapers, magazines, word-of-mouth communication, the World Wide Web and Internet, and also by the scholarly and popular journal publications of the renown ethnomycologist R. Gordon Wasson, (Harvard psychologist Timothy Leary, traveler Jeremy Sanford, health guru Andrew Weil, and others (see Allen , Merlin &Jansen, 1991).This field guide reviews the history of both the accidental and purposeful use of psychoactive mushrooms in Australia and New Zealand. Information in this guide has been gathered from personal experiences in Australia by the author and from reports in the scientific literature, news items appearing in the popular press, and personal communications with Australian and New Zealand (NZ) professionals (Unsigned 1970; O'Neill, 1986). xican mushroom species, so that these materials need not be repeated in this context. However, certain aspects concerning the more recent uses of these mushrooms as well as their conditions of growth will receive more detailed attention in later chapters. The main purpose of this book is to inspire further study of these mushrooms, particularly basic research efforts and medical applications of magic mushroom ingredients. The extensive bibliography will help scientists and other interested mycophiles to further immerse themselves in this complex area of study. Jochen Gartz Figure 6 - Bronze doors with mushroom motif entitled "Trial and Judgment" at Hildesheim Cathedral, Germany (ca. 1020). CHAPTER 2 REFLECTIONS ON THE HISTORY AND SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF MAGIC MUSHROOMS It is remarkable that cultures native to the American continent knew about a relatively large number of natural mind-altering substances compared to early cultures that evolved in Europe or Asia. Botanical evidence does not support the notion that Europe is home to fewer hallucinogenic plants than other regions. Furthermore, the growing number of recently discovered European mushroom species containing psilocybin indicate a flourishing psychotropic mycoflora in Europe similar to those found in other countries. It is unlikely that early European cultures learned less about local plants and mushrooms through usage and experience than cultures elsewhere in the world. Most likely, early cultural knowledge of European psychoactive plants and mushrooms was lost or destroyed at some time in history, probably as early as several hundred years ago. The discovery that the fly agaric mushroom (Amanita muscaria) was known for its psychoactive properties in Siberia invited the conclusion that this mushroom was used as a psychotropic agent in medieval Europe as well. In fact, there is very little evidence from the Middle Ages to indicate widespread knowledge of the effects of specific mushrooms on human consciousness. However, I believe that past reports on psychoactive mushrooms were causally linked to Amanita muscaria simply because this was the only known psychotropic mushroom in Europe at that time. While the usage of Amanita muscaria among Siberian tribes has generated reports of spectacular hallucinations, European accounts of fly agaric intoxications do not generally include descriptions of such intensely hallucinatory effects. Accordingly, the potent hallucinogenic effects of specific Psilocybes and related species are likely to have had a much more significant influence on early European cultures than the delirium-like visions induced by Amanita muscaria, a species that is also known to induce unconsciousness and severe somatic side effects. This hypothesis is corroborated by data from comprehensive field studies conducted in Mexico. I believe that historic accounts including those described below - indicate a knowledge of <div align="justify"> It has been &#115&#117&#103&#103&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#97&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110 physician that &#116&#104&#101 &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#112&#117&#98&#108&#105&#99 &#105&#110 Australia, as &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#97&#115 &#109&#101&#109&#98&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#102 its <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/blue+stain+gold+caps+magic+mushroom.asp" title="Blue Stain Gold Caps Magic Mushroom" alt="Blue Stain Gold Caps Magic Mushroom" >Blue Stain Gold Caps Magic Mushroom</a> drug using subculture, first became aware of &#116&#104&#101 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#97&#114&#121 &#112&#114&#111&#112&#101&#114&#116&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#102 these psychoactive mushrooms by a visiting surfer(s), who came from either New Zealand or the United States (Hawaii) and most &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121 &#112&#114&#111&#118&#105&#100&#101&#100 &#101&#116&#104&#110&#111&#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#105&#110&#102&#111&#114&#109&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 to local &#115&#117&#114&#102&#101&#114&#115 &#40&#77&#99&#67&#97&#114&#116&#104&#121&#44 &#49&#57&#55&#49&#41&#46 &#84&#104&#105&#115 physician &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#117&#115&#101 of psychoactive mushrooms, as well as 21 other drugs "was well demonstrated during a survey on &#100&#114&#117&#103 &#97&#98&#117&#115&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#119&#97&#115 conducted in Southern &#81&#117&#101&#101&#110&#115&#108&#97&#110&#100 &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#108&#57&#54&#57&#46&#34 &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#115&#117&#114&#118&#101&#121 relied on &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#118&#105&#101&#119&#115 &#111&#102 &#53&#49 &#112&#101&#111&#112&#108&#101 belonging to <i> Gymnopilus purpuratus</i> "the `surfer' subculture local beach &#114&#101&#115&#111&#114&#116&#115&#34&#46 &#73&#110 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#44 &#116&#104&#101 doctor believed that "although the survey involved &#115&#117&#114&#102&#101&#114&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#102&#101&#109&#97&#108&#101 friends, there is no suggestion that the use of these drugs &#105&#115 &#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#105&#115 group, which &#99&#111&#110&#115&#116&#105&#116&#117&#116&#101&#115 &#98&#117&#116 &#97 &#112&#114&#111&#112&#111&#114&#116&#105&#111&#110 of our (Australian) young &#100&#114&#117&#103 &#116&#97&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#117&#110&#105&#116&#121&#46&#34 &#73&#116 is thus likely that &#119&#111&#114&#100&#45&#111&#102&#45&#109&#111&#117&#116&#104 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#117&#110&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#109&#97&#100&#101 &#97 &#115&#105&#103&#110&#105&#102&#105&#99&#97&#110&#116 contribution to &#116&#104&#101 &#105&#110&#99&#114&#101&#97&#115&#105&#110&#103 &#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 "magic mushrooms" &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#90&#46 </div> ed and large numbers of studies were conducted, primarily with LSD. These investigators sought to discover the receptor binding sites for hallucinogenic compounds in the brain and to understand the mechanisms underlying the genesis of psychedelic visions. Today, we still lack a sound theoretical framework able to explain the relationship between chemical compounds and the manifestation of their psychoactivity. Even though basic research is certainly important, its methods, unfortunately, are often a function of a rather one-sided pharmacological approach to investigating the effects of psilocybin, LSD and mescaline - an approach that is, in fact, too narrow to address the remarkably unusual nature of these substances and their effects. Misunderstandings between pharmacologists and toxicologists on the one hand and psychiatrists and psychologists on the other can often be traced all the way back to the 1950's, creating a legacy of disputes and arguments that have yet to be resolved. S. Grof undertook the tedious task of analyzing 5,000 experimental LSD protocols in an effort to isolate "absolute" symptoms that are reported or occur all of the time. His results were negative. According to Grof, hallucinogenic substances are non-specific triggers causing a sequence of altered states of consciousness, which do not fit the syndrome labeled "toxic psychosis". Rather, it is the individual's personality, along with the experimental setting that significantly shape the nature of the psychedelic experience. This view is shared by a majority of experts with considerable experience in conducting psychedelics-assisted psychotherapy. Even "real" somatic symptoms, such as nausea or vomiting, can often be controlled through psychological intervention techniques administered by trained professionals. A Plethora of Names The broad range of possible experiences inspired the use of labels other than "hallucinogens", with widely differing semantic connotations: entheogens, psychedelics, illusionogens, psycholytics, psychomimetics, psychodysleptica, psychoemetics and others. "Phantastica" (Lewin) is the oldest label ever used to describe this class of substances. This term successfully evokes dream-like, fanciful aspects of the experience, as well as the potential for euphoric and dysphoric emotional overtones. More recent terminology often says more about semantic biases of those who use the labels than about any factual, objective characteristics of the alkaloids they refer to. Accordingly, official antidrug propaganda since the 1960's has disparaged "psychedelics" as excessively glamorous and too positive a label, as the term was popular among Timothy Leary's fans and supporters. When used in low doses or for the first time, these substances are most likely to bring about a kind of magical transformation of surroundings, with a heightened ability to perceive subtle differences along the color spectru Most recreational users of Psilocybe cubensis (when grown in vitro) require a dosage of 1 to 2 gm of dried mushrooms to produce an altered state of consciousness; a clinical dosage for Psilocybe cubensis, on the other hand, had previously been reported as ranging from 3 to 5 gm of dried material. This dosage would be comparable to the amount of fungal material consumed for religious purposes in a Mazatec Indian healing and curing ceremony. In 1982, one research team "found that the level of psilocybin and psilocin varies over a factor of 4 among various in vitro cultures of Psilocybe cubensis, while specimens from outdoors varied tenfold." A fresh dosage of Psilocybe cubensis in Australia would be approximately from 1 to 2 large mushrooms weighing up to as much as one fresh ounce, or as many as from 25 to 50 small mushrooms equaling the same weight amount. Ethnopharmacologist Jonathan Ott (1976, 1993) noted that he has observed "the ingestion of from 0.5 gm to 5.9 gm dried weight (10 gm to 40 gm fresh)", of various species of Psilocybe. Dosage for Psilocybe subcubensis would be the same as for Psilocybe cubensis. Both of these latter two species are macroscopically alike. The usual dosage for Copelandia cyanescens required to induce psychedelic visual effects ranges from 1 to 3 large specimens (cap diameter c. 5 mm), or as many as 5 to l0 medium-sized mushrooms (cap diameter c. 2.5 mm); however, personal tolerance to this species may occur with continued use, and some who consume large amounts of this mushroom have reportedly ingested as many as 50 to 200 fresh specimens of various sizes. own cause of death and disease, bloated stomachs and insanity. Beliefs such as these have survived to the present day. They persist, for example,,, as figures of speech, s u c h as the slick Austrian description of a societal misfit as someone "who ate those madness-inducing mushrooms." But, there is another, very different, magic mushroom legacy as well. Flesh of the Gods for Devil Worshippers The Old World. Mycenaean civilization began with a mushroom trip -Mushrooms were an ingredient in the ambrosia of Dionysus. Porphyrius, the fourth century Latin poet and contemporary of Emperor Konstantin, knew that magic mushrooms were the children of the gods. WHO WAS THE FIRST MAGICIAN? A quasi-cannibalistic ritual, the act of eating the children of the gods unlocked one's power to experience the truly divine. But not all mushrooms enable human beings to enter the realm of divine consciousness. This magic power resides in only those fungi known as "fool's mushrooms", which were considered poisonous and believed to be the spawn of the Devil throughout the late Middle Ages and well into modern times. The New World: The Aztecs in Mexico referred to a number of small, inconspicuous mushrooms as teonartacatl, or "flesh of the Gods." These sacred mushrooms were eaten during the course of rituals intended to contact the Gods in order to learn about the world and the realm of the divine. These magic mushroom rituals thoroughly spooked the Catholic Spaniards. The mushroom eaters, commonly thought of as Devil worshippers, were hounded by the Inquisition. Still, all good things survive the tests of time, so the cult of magic mushroom eaters did not become extinct. Like mycelia underground, the cult continued to flourish, and at the proper time in recorded history, in 1957, the fruit of the fully grown mushroom re-surfaced to draw widespread public attention. Valentine and Gordon Wasson became the heroes of the modern neo-mycophilic movement. Back to the Old World: The revelations and insights gained from the use of psychoactive mushrooms were so magically wonderful, that our native European "fool's mushrooms" - which were gene ; considered inedible - had to be recognized as closely related to the magic mushrooms of Mexico, the flesh of the Aztec Gods. The souls of magic mushrooms in Mexico and Germany are essentially made from the same substance: psilocybin. Jochen Gartz has made an extraordinary contribution to the field of mycology by embracing Germany's magic mushrooms and the scientific study and testing of these fungi. The research efforts upon which this book is based require nothing less than a fearless, brave and courageous consciousness, free of prejudice and mycophobia. I am convinced that a researcher's consciousness infused by the spirit of the magic mushroom is capable of far deeper scientific insights than we can ever expect from the usual ivory tower academics, isolated from reality There are more than 1 dozen species of "magic mushrooms" in Australia and New Zealand. Four of these species are dung (manure) inhabiting mushrooms. They include Psilocybe cubensis and/or Psilocybe subcubensis (known locally as "gold caps" and/or "gold tops"), Psilocybe subaeruginosa, and Copelandia cyanescens (the latter is known locally as "blue meanies"). These four species contain the mind altering alkaloids psilocybine and psilocine and are the most common hallucinogenic mushrooms in Australia. In New Zealand, the most commonly used species are Copelandia cyanescens and Psilocybe semilanceata, the latter species is recognized throughout the world as the "liberty cap"). This species only occurs in manured soil and does not grow directly from the dung of cattle, sheep or other four legged farm animals. Psilocybe cubensis the most popular of these species, is well known throughout much of the world; however, this species is not known to occur in New Zealand. Other species described in this guide are known to occur in manured soil, in pastures, meadows, grazing lands, some lawns and in the bark mulch and woodchips of deciduous woods. More than half of Australia's beef cattle &#99&#97&#110 &#98&#101 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#105&#110 the &#99&#111&#97&#115&#116&#97&#108 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#111&#102 &#81&#117&#101&#101&#110&#115&#108&#97&#110&#100 and New South Wales; and &#116&#104&#101 &#50&#48 &#116&#111 &#51&#48 inch (500-750mm) &#114&#97&#105&#110&#102&#97&#108&#108 &#98&#101&#108&#116 &#111&#102 &#81&#117&#101&#101&#110&#115&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 New South &#87&#97&#108&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#111&#114&#116&#104&#101&#114&#110 &#86&#105&#99&#116&#111&#114&#105&#97&#44 generally provide adequate climatic environments &#102&#111&#114 &#116&#104&#101 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#116&#104 &#111&#102 psilocybian <u> mushrooms with bronze caps</u> &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#44 &#101&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#97&#102&#116&#101&#114 &#104&#101&#97&#118&#121 rains. It has been suggested that "Psilocybe &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#119&#97&#115 &#105&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 accidentally by early settlers &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#108&#105&#118&#101&#115&#116&#111&#99&#107&#46&#34 This same spore &#100&#105&#115&#112&#101&#114&#115&#97&#108 &#109&#101&#99&#104&#97&#110&#105&#115&#109 &#97&#108&#115&#111 &#112&#114&#111&#98&#97&#98&#108&#121 applies to Copelandia cyanescens, Panaeolus &#115&#117&#98&#98&#97&#108&#116&#101&#97&#116&#117&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#97&#100&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 species known to occur in or around the dung of other ruminants.<br> This &#105&#110&#99&#108&#117&#100&#101&#115 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#97&#110&#100 the non-hallucinogenic "haymaker's" <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/mushroonsincowcompost.asp" title="Mushroonsincowcompost" alt="Mushroonsincowcompost" >Mushroonsincowcompost</a> mushroom Panaeolina foenisecii. While cattle are raised in all Australian states, as well as in the central lowlands, recreational users &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 things to do while on shrooms &#116&#111 export these psychoptic species to various areas in &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101 they were collected. In the case of New Zealand, hereafter referred to as &#78&#90&#44 &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101 primary source for Copelandia cyanescens, but the "liberty cap" mushroom Psilocybe semilanceata only grows in &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#110&#117&#114&#101&#100 &#115&#111&#105&#108 &#111&#102 &#102&#111&#117&#114&#45&#108&#101&#103&#103&#101&#100 ruminants and not directly from manure (Jansen, Pers. &#67&#111&#109&#109&#46&#44 &#49&#57&#56&#56&#41&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#105&#100&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#115&#101&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 of <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/Psilocybeaustraliana.asp" title="Psilocybeaustraliana" alt="Psilocybeaustraliana" >Psilocybeaustraliana</a> &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#103&#117&#105&#100&#101 &#100&#111&#99&#117&#109&#101&#110&#116&#115 <H3> mushrooms with bronze caps</H3> &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 locations for &#109&#111&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#49 &#100&#111&#122&#101&#110 species of psilocybian mushrooms in Australia &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#90 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#109&#111&#115&#116 likely have been used at one time or another for &#114&#101&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#111&#115&#101&#115&#46 ulinary mushroom bears no resemblance, either in size or form, to Inocybe aeruginascens. Overall, however, these unfortunate cases have also contributed to our understanding of mushroom biochemistry. In this context, I want to emphasize once more that the hallucinogenic varieties among the Inocybes can easily be mistaken for those muscarine-producing Inocybe species that are extremely poisonous. As part of his investigation of the Psilocybe genus, Guzman noted a common trait among the hallucinogenic species, in addition to the bluing reaction: a flour-like smell or taste. Apart from the inherent subjective nature of our sense of smell and taste, a common odor is a trait that definitely does not apply to the European species (also see Chapter 3.2). Mycophile or Mycophobe? There are reports from the Western United States about people with expert knowledge of Psilocybe semilanceata - devoted mushroom hunters who can identify the species with drill and accuracy. At the same time, however, these experts cannot identify easily spotted common table mushrooms, nor are they able to differentiate the Agaricus species (champignons) from other mushrooms, even when these species grow on the same pasture. Such individuals, then, are not interested in species other than Psilocybe semilanceata. In my opinion, this attitude reflects a rare combination of mycophilia and mycophobia. A mushroom's spore dust provides important information needed to determine identity. A spore print is left by the gills when the cap is placed on black or white paper (depending on spore color). As the process takes several hours, a glass vessel must be placed over the cap to prevent drying. While useful, information obtained from spore analyses has its limitations, For instance, spores derived from mushrooms belonging to different genera may have the same color, but reveal basic differences under the microscope. There is also a high degree of similarity among spores from different Psilocybe species. Thus, the only way to prevent grave errors and potentially deadly intoxications is to rely on experienced experts for mushroom identification, a process that must include analysis of available ecological data. CHAPTER 5 THE BLUING PHENOMENON AND METOL TESTING: REALITY VS. WISHFUL THINKING As previously discussed in Chapters 3.1 and 3.7, the bluing reaction is characteristic of species that produce psilocybin. Still, for unknown reasons, some species or samples belonging to a genus that usually turns blue may not always change color, regardless of psilocybin content. Among the species that I have examined, Psilocybe bohemica displayed the most impressive bluing reaction. The caps of this species stain very quickly in reaction to pressure. Other species, such as Psilocybe cubensis (Earle) Sing. have stems that develop very intensely blue stains, while their caps do not exhibit the bluing reaction. By contrast, Psilocybe It has been suggested by an Australian physician that the general public in Australia, as well as members of its drug using subculture, <p <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/using+cow+dung+for+shrooms.asp" title="Using Cow Dung For Shrooms" alt="Using Cow Dung For Shrooms" >Using Cow Dung For Shrooms</a> align="left"> As they say, ʼTis the season &#116&#111 &#98&#101 &#112&#105&#99&#107&#105&#110&#103&#700&#44 &#98&#117&#116 <b> shrooms scotland grow kit</b> make </p> The question of dosage is often confused by the variation in the source of the hallucinogenic mushroom species which is consumed. <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/wild+shrooms.asp" title="Wild Shrooms" alt="Wild Shrooms" >Wild Shrooms</a> <p align="left"> &#77&#111&#115&#116 &#117&#115&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 visionary mushrooms have very little knowledge of <b> psilocybe semilanceata identification northeastern US</b> their scientific names. Instead, they &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#103&#105&#118&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#102&#97&#118&#111&#114&#105&#116&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 local epithets which are &#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110&#108&#121 &#117&#115&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#119&#104&#111 collect &#97&#110&#100 &#105&#110&#103&#101&#115&#116 &#116&#104&#101&#109&#46 &#83&#111&#109&#101 of these popular &#110&#97&#109&#101&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#97&#108&#115&#111 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 and &#97&#112&#112&#108&#105&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#117&#115&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#117&#116&#115&#105&#100&#101 of Australia and NZ. &#34&#77&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#34 &#105&#115 &#116&#104&#101 most common term applied to any &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#101 and/or psilocine.<br> It &#119&#97&#115 &#105&#110&#118&#101&#110&#116&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#97 &#76&#105&#102&#101 Magazine editor in l957 ( see Wasson, l957). Psilocybe cubensis is known in &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#115 &#34&#103&#111&#108&#100&#101&#110 &#116&#111&#112&#115&#34&#44 "gold tops" or sometimes "gold &#99&#97&#112&#115&#46&#34 &#84&#104&#101 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110 &#101&#112&#105&#116&#104&#101&#116&#115 may have been &#103&#105&#118&#101&#110 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#98&#121 members of a local, drugusing &#103&#114&#111&#117&#112 &#111&#102 &#115&#117&#114&#102&#101&#114&#115 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 frequented the Gold Coast &#114&#101&#103&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#69&#97&#115&#116&#101&#114&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#59 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/hallucinate+mushrooms+from+horse+manure.asp" title="Hallucinate Mushrooms From Horse Manure" alt="Hallucinate Mushrooms From Horse Manure" >Hallucinate Mushrooms From Horse Manure</a> however, some of these names have apparently been used to describe several different species &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#98&#121 &#117&#115&#101&#114&#115 in Australia (see Allen, 1997). As mentioned above, Psilocybe cubensis is not known &#116&#111 &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114 &#105&#110 &#78&#101&#119 Zealand. Those who &#105&#110&#103&#101&#115&#116 &#67&#111&#112&#101&#108&#97&#110&#100&#105&#97 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115&#44 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 in Australia and New Zealand as "blue meanies", also refer to this species &#97&#115 &#34&#66&#108&#117&#101 &#76&#101&#103&#115&#34&#44 &#34&#103&#111&#108&#100&#101&#110 &#116&#111&#112&#115&#34 &#111&#114 "gold &#99&#97&#112&#115&#34&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#108&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114 &#116&#119&#111 nicknames, as well as "dimple tops" and "cone heads", are &#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110 &#116&#101&#114&#109&#115 &#97&#112&#112&#108&#105&#101&#100 &#116&#111 Copelandia cyanescens in the Hawaiian Islands; and some of &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#115&#97&#109&#101 &#112&#111&#112&#117&#108&#97&#114 &#110&#97&#109&#101&#115 &#104&#97&#118&#101 also &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#117&#115&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 surfers from &#98&#111&#116&#104 &#78&#101&#119 &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100 &#97&#110&#100 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#44 to describe the macroscopic &#99&#104&#97&#114&#97&#99&#116&#101&#114&#105&#115&#116&#105&#99&#115 &#111&#102 &#67&#111&#112&#101&#108&#97&#110&#100&#105&#97 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115&#46 These same surfers &#118&#105&#115&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#72&#97&#119&#97&#105&#105&#39&#115 &#78&#111&#114&#116&#104 &#83&#104&#111&#114&#101 have reportedly ingested mushrooms &#112&#114&#105&#111&#114 &#116&#111 &#115&#117&#114&#102&#105&#110&#103&#44 &#97&#115 do many of the locally &#98&#97&#115&#101&#100 &#115&#117&#114&#102&#101&#114&#115 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 and NZ. </p> <p align="center"> JOCHEN GARTZ MAGIC MUSHROOMS Around the World A Scientific Journey Across Cultures and Time The Case &#102&#111&#114 &#67&#104&#97&#108&#108&#101&#110&#103&#105&#110&#103 &#82&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 &#86&#97&#108&#117&#101 Systems * LIS &#80&#85&#66&#76&#73&#67&#65&#84&#73&#79&#78&#83 &#42 &#76&#79&#83 &#65&#78&#71&#69&#76&#69&#83&#44 &#67&#65&#42&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 1 - Water Color Painting of Psilocybe semilanceata (Germany, 1927) TABLE &#79&#70 &#67&#79&#78&#84&#69&#78&#84 &#40&#87&#105&#116&#104 &#65&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 Links' Just Click On &#65 &#83&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116 &#84&#111 &#71&#111 To &#84&#104&#101 &#80&#97&#103&#101&#41&#13&#10&#34&#87&#104&#111 &#87&#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101 First Magician?" - Foreword by Christian &#82&#97&#116&#115&#99&#104 &#55&#13&#10&#49&#46 &#73&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#57&#13&#10&#50&#46 Reflections <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/doshroomsgrowincowshitfertilizer.asp" title="Doshroomsgrowincowshitfertilizer" alt="Doshroomsgrowincowshitfertilizer" >Doshroomsgrowincowshitfertilizer</a> on the History and Scientific Study of Magic Mushrooms 10 3.<br> The Current State of Knowledge About European Species 14 3.1 Psilocybe semilanceata: The &#67&#108&#97&#115&#115&#105&#99 &#83&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#65&#109&#111&#110&#103 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 Psychotropic Mushrooms 16 3.2 Psilocybe cyanescens: Potent Mushrooms &#71&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#110 &#87&#111&#111&#100 &#68&#101&#98&#114&#105&#115 29 3.3 Panaeolus subbalteatus: Mycology and Myths about the Panaeolus Species 37 3.4 &#73&#110&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#97&#101&#114&#117&#103&#105&#110&#97&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115&#58 &#70&#97&#115&#116&#45&#83&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#78&#101&#119 Arrivals &#52&#52&#13&#10&#51&#46&#53 &#71&#121&#109&#110&#111&#112&#105&#108&#117&#115 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#117&#114&#97&#116&#117&#115&#58 &#77&#97&#103&#110&#105&#102&#105&#99&#101&#110&#116 Mushrooms from South America 51 3.6 Conocybe cyanopus: Tiny Mushrooms of <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/psilocybecyanescensbuyonline.asp" title="Psilocybecyanescensbuyonline" alt="Psilocybecyanescensbuyonline" >Psilocybecyanescensbuyonline</a> Remarkable Potency &#53&#53&#13&#10&#51&#46&#55 &#80&#108&#117&#116&#101&#117&#115 &#115&#97&#108&#105&#99&#105&#110&#117&#115&#58 &#65 Little-known &#87&#111&#111&#100&#45&#73&#110&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#83&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#53&#56&#13&#10&#52&#46 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 Identification: Taxonomic Confusion and the Potential for Deadly Mistakes 61 5. The Bluing Phenomenon and Metol Testing: Reality vs. Wishful Thinking 63 6. &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#67&#117&#108&#116&#105&#118&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#58 &#67&#108&#97&#115&#115&#105&#99 &#70&#105&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103&#115 and &#78&#101&#119 &#84&#101&#99&#104&#110&#105&#113&#117&#101&#115 &#54&#54&#13&#10&#55&#46 &#80&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 Mushroom &#83&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#65&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100 77 7.<br>1 &#83&#112&#111&#116&#108&#105&#103&#104&#116 &#111&#110 &#78&#111&#114&#116&#104 &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97 and Hawaii 79 7.2 Mycophilia in Central and &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104 &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97 &#56&#50&#13&#10&#55&#46&#51 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#39&#115 Mycoflora &#65&#116&#116&#114&#97&#99&#116&#115 &#65&#116&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#56&#52&#13&#10&#55&#46&#52 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 Customs and &#67&#111&#110&#118&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#56&#55&#13&#10&#55&#46&#53 &#74&#97&#112&#97&#110&#101&#115&#101 &#69&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#109&#101&#110&#116&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 93 7.6 Intoxications and the Oldest Known Mushroom &#67&#117&#108&#116 &#105&#110 &#65&#102&#114&#105&#99&#97 &#57&#53&#13&#10&#55&#46&#55 Usage in Southeast Asia and the &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104 &#80&#97&#99&#105&#102&#105&#99 &#73&#115&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115 &#57&#56&#13&#10&#56&#46 Some Comments on Effects of &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#67&#97&#116&#101&#103&#111&#114&#121 Phantastika 102 9. Psychotherapy 108 10.<br> Outlook 114 11.<br> Bibliography 120 Index 129 Figure 2 - &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 3 - &#87&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114 &#112&#97&#105&#110&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#102 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 subbalteatus (Germany, &#49&#57&#50&#55&#41&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#52 &#45 &#70&#114&#101&#115&#104 Panaeolus subbalteatus mushrooms.<br> FOREWORD Nobody knows precisely when the first &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#101&#109&#101&#114&#103&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 shadows of prehistory to enter the light &#111&#102 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#46&#13&#10&#78&#111&#98&#111&#100&#121 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#115 &#119&#104&#101&#110 the first magic mushroom was eaten &#98&#121 &#97 &#104&#117&#109&#97&#110 &#98&#101&#105&#110&#103&#46 Nobody knows just who &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 eater was. In seeking answers to these questions, &#119&#101 &#99&#97&#110 &#111&#110&#108&#121&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#117&#108&#97&#116&#101&#46 &#77&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#111&#98&#101&#115&#44 however, are quick to voice their conviction that only a fool would be reckless enough &#116&#111 &#119&#97&#110&#116 &#116&#111 &#97&#116&#116&#97&#105&#110 a higher state of consciousness &#98&#101&#121&#111&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#111&#117&#110&#100&#97&#114&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#101&#118&#101&#114&#121&#100&#97&#121 reality.<br> And only a fool would attempt to do this by ingesting those odd little &#116&#104&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#109&#121&#115&#116&#101&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#114&#105&#118&#101 &#111&#110 decaying, humid soil, rotten wood and malodorous mounds &#111&#102 &#99&#111&#119&#13&#10&#109&#97&#110&#117&#114&#101&#46&#13&#10&#72&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#105&#99&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#44 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 have been feared and hated` &#115&#105&#110&#99&#101 &#97&#110&#116&#105&#113&#117&#105&#116&#121&#58 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 thought to &#98&#101 &#109&#97&#100&#101 &#102&#114&#111&#109&#13&#10&#112&#111&#105&#115&#111&#110&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 had dripped from serpents' fangs; they were &#99&#111&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#98&#101 &#117&#110&#99&#108&#101&#97&#110 emissions of evil spirits; moreover, mushrooms were a &#107&#110 </p> </p> <h1 id="cross-browser"> VISION MUSHROOMS WHILE MUSHROOMS @ 7/30/2010 5:01:17 PM</h1> <p></p> <h1 id="stylesheets"> Liberty Cap Mushrooms Uk</h1> <p> &#117&#114&#101 &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 semilanceata (with sclerotia formation). Figure 48 &#45 &#73&#110&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#97&#101&#114&#117&#103&#105&#110&#97&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#111&#110 grassy soil Figure 49 - Psilocybe cubensis on horse &#109&#97&#110&#117&#114&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#114&#105&#99&#101&#46&#13&#10&#112&#111&#114&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#102 mycelia whose texture is somewhat like wool. The kind &#111&#102 &#118&#105&#114&#117&#115&#101&#115 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111 appear in champignon cultures - where they have already caused a lot of &#100&#97&#109&#97&#103&#101 &#45 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#115&#111 &#102&#97&#114 not been found &#105&#110 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 Psilocybe and Panaeolus species. It is safe to say that we currently know a great deal about the nutritional &#114&#101&#113&#117&#105&#114&#101&#109&#101&#110&#116&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115&#46 &#84&#111 a &#108&#101&#115&#115&#101&#114 &#101&#120&#116&#101&#110&#116&#44 &#115&#117&#99&#104&#13&#10&#105&#110&#102&#111&#114&#109&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#115 available &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#97&#115&#13&#10&#119&#101&#108&#108&#46 Armed with this knowledge, future researchers &#109&#97&#121 &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114 &#110&#101&#119 insights into physiology &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 &#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108 as the biochemical changes that &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114 &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103&#46&#13&#10&#73&#110 &#109&#121 experiments, &#105&#116 &#104&#97&#115 &#97&#108&#114&#101&#97&#100&#121 &#98&#101&#101&#110&#13&#10&#101&#115&#116&#97&#98&#108&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 that the process of differentiation whereby mycelia are transformed into &#115&#99&#108&#101&#114&#111&#116&#105&#97 &#111&#114&#13&#10&#102&#114&#117&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#98&#111&#100&#105&#101&#115 &#105&#115 linked to &#105&#110&#99&#114&#101&#97&#115&#101&#100 &#112&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#111&#102 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 &#97&#115 well as psilocin, especially in Psilocybe cubensis. Due to the relatively complex methodology and the type of equipment needed to isolate and maintain sterile cultures, it &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#115&#13&#10&#117&#110&#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#105&#118&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 Psilocybe cubensis mushrooms by laypersons will significantly heighten the mushroom's &#112&#111&#112&#117&#108&#97&#114&#105&#116&#121 &#111&#114 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#110 &#105&#116&#115&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101&#97 of distribution &#97&#110&#121&#116&#105&#109&#101 &#115&#111&#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#72&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 &#115&#105&#110&#99&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 1980s, growing numbers &#111&#102 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#101&#115 &#105&#110 &#78&#111&#114&#116&#104 America and Europe have &#115&#117&#99&#99&#101&#115&#115&#102&#117&#108&#108&#121 &#117&#115&#101&#100 &#34&#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108 &#111&#117&#116&#100&#111&#111&#114&#13&#10&#99&#117&#108&#116&#105&#118&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#34 to fruit Psilocybe cyanescens and similar species. &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#112&#114&#111&#99&#101&#115&#115 &#105&#110&#118&#111&#108&#118&#101&#115 &#115&#101&#108&#101&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 of natural wood substrates &#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#109&#121&#99&#101&#108&#105&#97&#13&#10&#40&#114&#104&#105&#122&#111&#109&#111&#114&#112&#104&#115&#41 &#116&#104&#97&#116 usually turn blue in response to handling. The &#109&#121&#99&#101&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#110 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#102&#101&#114&#114&#101&#100 onto fresh wood chips or commercial mulch (not from cedar trees).<br> After &#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#109&#111&#110&#116&#104&#115 &#111&#102 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#116&#104&#44 the mycelia fruit during the fall &#115&#101&#97&#115&#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#53&#48 &#45 &#83&#117&#114&#102&#97&#99&#101 culture of Inocybe &#97&#101&#114&#117&#103&#105&#110&#97&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#111&#110 &#97 &#108&#105&#113&#117&#105&#100 nutrient medium. Figure 51 - Panaeolus &#115&#117&#98&#98&#97&#108&#116&#101&#97&#116&#117&#115 &#111&#110 &#99&#111&#119 &#100&#117&#110&#103 &#97&#110&#100 rice. Figure 52 - Psilocybe cubensis &#111&#110 &#119&#101&#116 &#110&#101&#119&#115&#112&#97&#112&#101&#114&#46&#13&#10&#67&#72&#65&#80&#84&#69&#82 &#55&#13&#10&#80&#83&#89&#67&#72&#79&#84&#82&#79&#80&#73&#67 MUSHROOM SPECIES AROUND THE WORLD Figure 53 - &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#111&#110 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#111&#115&#116&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 54 - Psilocybe stuntzii &#40&#103&#114&#97&#115&#115&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115 &#118&#97&#114&#105&#101&#116&#121&#41 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#66&#114&#105&#116&#105&#115&#104 Columbia. Figure &#53&#53 &#45 &#71&#105&#97&#110&#116 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 sculpture from Kerala, &#73&#110&#100&#105&#97&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#105&#115 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101&#114&#97&#98&#108&#101 debate among experts &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#105&#103&#110&#105&#102&#105&#99&#97&#110&#99&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#111&#115&#101 of &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#99&#117&#108&#112&#116&#117&#114&#101&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#53&#54 &#45 Magic mushrooms &#38 &#119&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#98&#117&#102&#102&#97&#108&#111 &#116&#45&#115&#104&#105&#114&#116 &#102&#114&#111&#109 Thailand, designed for the Western &#116&#111&#117&#114&#105&#115&#116 &#109&#97&#114&#107&#101&#116&#46&#13&#10&#67&#72&#65&#80&#84&#69&#82 &#55&#46&#49&#13&#10&#83&#80&#79&#84&#76&#73&#71&#72&#84 &#79&#78 NORTH AMERICA AND HAWAII In 1961, V.E. &#84&#121&#108&#101&#114 &#98&#101&#99&#97&#109&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116&#13&#10&#105&#110&#118&#101&#115&#116&#105&#103&#97&#116&#111&#114 &#116&#111 report the detection &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#112&#101&#108&#108&#105&#99&#117&#108&#111&#115&#97 (Smith) Singer <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/cultivating+magic+mushroom.asp" title="Cultivating Magic Mushroom" alt="Cultivating Magic Mushroom" >Cultivating Magic Mushroom</a> & Smith, a North <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/cowmanurepsilocybinmushroomcultivation.asp" title="Cowmanurepsilocybinmushroomcultivation" alt="Cowmanurepsilocybinmushroomcultivation" >Cowmanurepsilocybinmushroomcultivation</a> &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#79&#110&#101 &#121&#101&#97&#114&#13&#10&#108&#97&#116&#101&#114&#44 two research groups, working independently, discovered psilocybin, as &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#97&#115 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#105&#110&#44 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#115&#97&#109&#112&#108&#101&#115 of &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#98&#97&#101&#111&#99&#121&#115&#116&#105&#115 &#83&#105&#110&#103&#101&#114 &#38 Smith from the Pacific Northwest region of North America. Additional &#99&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#97&#120&#111&#110&#111&#109&#105&#99&#13&#10&#102&#105&#110&#100&#105&#110 <div align="justify"> It <H3> Shrooms Blue Stains</H3> has &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#115&#117&#103&#103&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#97&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110 physician that the general public in &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#44 &#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#97&#115 members of <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magic+mushroom.asp" title="Mushroom psilocybe cyanescens Mushroom" alt="Mushroom psilocybe cyanescens Mushroom" >Mushroom psilocybe cyanescens Mushroom</a> its drug &#117&#115&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#117&#98&#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#44 </div> <p align="right"> &#97 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 reported &#102&#114&#111&#109&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#114&#105&#101&#115&#58 &#70&#105&#110&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 Norway, Sweden, Denmark, &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#44 &#83&#119&#105&#116&#122&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44&#13&#10&#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#44 &#84&#104&#101 &#78&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115&#44 Belgium, France, Russia, Poland, the former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Scotland, England, Wales, Italy and Spain. Unfortunately, there are no comprehensive maps detailing the species's distribution pattern.<br> &#84&#114&#97&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115&#13&#10&#104&#97&#118&#101 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#110&#101&#103&#108&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 relatively tiny &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 &#115&#117&#99&#104&#13&#10&#97&#115 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#44 &#116&#104&#97&#116 tend to share &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114&#13&#10&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#97&#116&#115 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#109&#111&#114&#101 prominent species.<br> The sarcastic phrase "The mushrooms occur in abundance wherever mycologists abound" &#105&#115&#13&#10&#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#112&#101&#114&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 &#105&#110 &#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#99&#101 to the Psilocybe species. Prior to &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#121 &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#44 the Psilocybe genus languished in the literature, shrouded in obscurity. To this day, few 189. &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#70&#114&#46 &#91&#87&#111&#114&#116&#104&#108&#101&#115&#115&#93&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 cap &#105&#115 &#117&#110&#105&#102&#111&#114&#109&#108&#121 &#99&#111&#110&#105&#99 &#116&#111 bell-shaped, with a pointy or obtuse center forming an almost wart-like protrusion; initially, caps are &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#116&#97&#108&#108&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#114&#101 wide, margins are bent and &#99&#117&#114&#118&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#119&#97&#114&#100&#59 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#111&#110&#44 width of cap is 1.5-4 cm. Hygrophanous; coloration is a dirtyish olive-brown when &#119&#101&#116&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#117&#99&#101&#110&#116 &#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#116&#101 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/psilocybe+subaeruginosa.asp" title="Subaeruginosa magic mushroom Subaeruginosa" alt="Subaeruginosa magic mushroom Subaeruginosa" >Subaeruginosa magic mushroom Subaeruginosa</a> margins; at the center, coloration &#105&#115 &#111&#99&#104&#101&#114 &#111&#114 &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#105&#115&#104&#45&#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119 against an overall shade of smudgy pale yellow &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#105&#115&#104 &#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#59 only the margins are banded by a darkcolored, watery stripe around the edge. No stripes or banding evident when mushrooms &#97&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101&#108&#121&#13&#10&#100&#114&#105&#101&#100&#46 &#76&#97&#99&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#97 &#118&#101&#105&#108&#44 caps are &#116&#104&#105&#110&#45&#102&#108&#101&#115&#104&#101&#100&#44 &#98&#97&#108&#100&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97&#110 &#101&#97&#115&#105&#108&#121 separable pellicle that remains gelatinous-sticky for a long &#116&#105&#109&#101&#44 &#116&#117&#114&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#104&#105&#110&#121 <H3> psilocybe semilanceata identification northeastern US</H3> &#119&#104&#101&#110 dry. Gills are olive &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 brown &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101 edges often remaining white, gill &#115&#112&#97&#99&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#115 &#113&#117&#105&#116&#101 &#99&#114&#111&#119&#100&#101&#100&#59 &#103&#105&#108&#108 attachment is &#101&#105&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 &#108&#105&#110&#101&#97&#114 &#111&#114&#13&#10&#109&#111&#115&#116&#108&#121 adnexed; up to 3.5 mm wide; attached at the stem only, fully &#100&#101&#116&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#114&#101 elongated to ellipitical in shape, smooth and large, measuring 12-16 u by 6-8,u.<br> &#67&#111&#108&#111&#114 &#111&#102 &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101 &#100&#117&#115&#116 &#105&#115 blackish purple brown.<br> Stem &#105&#115 &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#115&#108&#101&#110&#100&#101&#114&#44 &#97&#108&#109&#111&#115&#116 &#117&#110&#105&#102&#111&#114&#109&#108&#121 thin and &#97&#108&#119&#97&#121&#115 &#116&#119&#105&#115&#116&#101&#100&#44 &#54&#45&#49&#50 &#99&#109 long and 1.25-2 mm thick, yellowish or whitish in color; areas subjected to pressure develop &#98&#108&#117&#105&#115&#104&#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#13&#10&#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#46 &#83&#116&#101&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#115&#105&#108&#107&#121 &#115&#109&#111&#111&#116&#104 and roughly at &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44 &#99&#111&#114&#116&#105&#110&#97&#116&#101 &#102&#105&#98&#114&#105&#108&#115 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114 like remnants of a veil, which is brittle and lined with a &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101 &#102&#105&#98&#114&#111&#117&#115 &#99&#111&#114&#100 &#111&#102 wool-like texture. When dry, the flesh of the cap is &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100 &#112&#97&#108&#101 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#108&#101 the stem's flesh is ocher brown in color, especially towards the bottom. It is odorless and its flavor is mild. The mushroom grows from August to October, &#102&#114&#101&#113&#117&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121 &#105&#110 &#103&#114&#101&#103&#97&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#99&#108&#117&#115&#116&#101&#114&#115&#44 and can be &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#105&#110 &#112&#97&#115&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 along roadways, growing on dung &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#104&#97&#115 &#117&#110&#100&#101&#114&#103&#111&#110&#101 <u> psilocybe semilanceata identification northeastern US</u> &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#99&#111&#109&#112&#111&#115&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 It is not a particularly rare species. Figure 11(above) This excellent &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#112&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 <i> psilocybe semilanceata identification northeastern US</i> &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 by Michael &#38 &#83&#99&#104&#117&#108&#122&#13&#10&#40&#49&#57&#50&#55&#41 &#105&#115 &#115&#104&#111&#119&#110 here as originally published in &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97&#110 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#105&#115&#104 translation.<br> Mycologists spa have been reported from the following countries: Finland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, The Netherlands, &#66&#101&#108&#103&#105&#117&#109&#44 &#70&#114&#97&#110&#99&#101&#44&#13&#10&#82&#117&#115&#115&#105&#97&#44 &#80&#111&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#116&#104&#101 former &#67&#122&#101&#99&#104&#111&#115&#108&#111&#118&#97&#107&#105&#97&#44&#13&#10&#72&#117&#110&#103&#97&#114&#121&#44 &#82&#111&#109&#97&#110&#105&#97&#44 &#83&#99&#111&#116&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#87&#97&#108&#101&#115&#44&#13&#10&#73&#116&#97&#108&#121 and Spain.<br> Unfortunately, there &#97&#114&#101 &#110&#111 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#114&#101&#104&#101&#110&#115&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#109&#97&#112&#115 &#100&#101&#116&#97&#105&#108&#105&#110&#103 the species's distribution &#112&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114&#110&#46 &#84&#114&#97&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115&#13&#10&#104&#97&#118&#101 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 neglected relatively &#116&#105&#110&#121 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 &#115&#117&#99&#104&#13&#10&#97&#115 <H1> psilocybe semilanceata identification northeastern US</H1> &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 semilanceata, &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#101&#110&#100 &#116&#111 &#115&#104&#97&#114&#101 their habitats &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#109&#111&#114&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#109&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 species. The sarcastic phrase "The mushrooms occur in abundance wherever mycologists &#97&#98&#111&#117&#110&#100&#34 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#112&#101&#114&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 &#105&#110 reference to the Psilocybe species. Prior to the discovery &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#103&#101&#110&#117&#115 &#108&#97&#110&#103&#117&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 in the literature, shrouded in obscurity. &#84&#111 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#100&#97&#121&#44 &#102&#101&#119&#13&#10&#49&#56&#57&#46 Psilocybe semilanceata Fr. Worthless] The &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 &#117&#110&#105&#102&#111&#114&#109&#108&#121 &#99&#111&#110&#105&#99 to bell-shaped, with a pointy or obtuse center forming an almost wart-like protrusion; initially, caps are often taller than they are wide, margins are bent and curved inward; later on, &#119&#105&#100&#116&#104 &#111&#102 &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 1.5-4 cm. Hygrophanous; coloration is a dirtyish olive-brown when wet, with &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#117&#99&#101&#110&#116 &#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#116&#101 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115&#59 &#97&#116 the center, coloration is ocher &#111&#114 &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#105&#115&#104&#45&#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119 &#97&#103&#97&#105&#110&#115&#116 &#97&#110 overall shade of smudgy &#112&#97&#108&#101 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 &#115&#111&#109&#101 greenish &#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#59 &#111&#110&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115 are banded by a darkcolored, &#119&#97&#116&#101&#114&#121&#13&#10&#115&#116&#114&#105&#112&#101 &#97&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#100&#103&#101&#46 No stripes or banding evident when mushrooms are &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101&#108&#121&#13&#10&#100&#114&#105&#101&#100&#46 &#76&#97&#99&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#97 &#118&#101&#105&#108&#44 caps are thin-fleshed, bald, with an easily separable pellicle that remains gelatinous-sticky for a &#108&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#44 &#116&#117&#114&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#104&#105&#110&#121 when dry. Gills are &#111&#108&#105&#118&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 purple brown in color, with the edges often remaining white, &#103&#105&#108&#108 &#115&#112&#97&#99&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#115 &#113&#117&#105&#116&#101 crowded; &#103&#105&#108&#108 &#97&#116&#116&#97&#99&#104&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#105&#115 &#101&#105&#116&#104&#101&#114 roughly linear or mostly adnexed; up to &#51&#46&#53 &#109&#109 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#59 &#97&#116&#116&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 at the stem &#111&#110&#108&#121&#44 &#102&#117&#108&#108&#121 &#100&#101&#116&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 on. Spores &#97&#114&#101 &#101&#108&#111&#110&#103&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#101&#108&#108&#105&#112&#105&#116&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#105&#110 &#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#44 smooth and &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101&#44 &#109&#101&#97&#115&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#49&#50&#45&#49&#54 &#117&#13&#10&#98&#121 6-8,u.<br> Color of spore dust &#105&#115 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#116&#101&#109 &#105&#115 very slender, almost uniformly thin and always twisted, 6-12 cm long and 1.25-2 mm &#116&#104&#105&#99&#107&#44 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#115&#104 &#111&#114 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#105&#115&#104 in color; areas &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#117&#114&#101 &#100&#101&#118&#101&#108&#111&#112 bluishgreen stains.<br> Stems are silky smooth and roughly at the &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44 &#99&#111&#114&#116&#105&#110&#97&#116&#101 &#102&#105&#98&#114&#105&#108&#115 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114 like remnants of a &#118&#101&#105&#108&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#105&#115 &#98&#114&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101 and &#108&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101 fibrous cord of wool-like texture. When dry, the flesh of the cap is colored pale &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#101&#109&#39&#115 flesh is ocher brown in color, especially &#116&#111&#119&#97&#114&#100&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#111&#116&#116&#111&#109&#46 &#73&#116 is odorless and its flavor is mild. The &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#65&#117&#103&#117&#115&#116 to October, frequently in gregarious clusters, and can be &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#105&#110 &#112&#97&#115&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 along roadways, growing on dung that &#104&#97&#115 &#117&#110&#100&#101&#114&#103&#111&#110&#101 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#99&#111&#109&#112&#111&#115&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 &#73&#116 &#105&#115 not a particularly rare species.<br> Figure 11(above) &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#101&#120&#99&#101&#108&#108&#101&#110&#116 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#112&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 Psilocybe semilanceata by Michael &#38 &#83&#99&#104&#117&#108&#122&#13&#10&#40&#49&#57&#50&#55&#41 &#105&#115 &#115&#104&#111&#119&#110 &#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#115 originally published in German, with an English translation. Mycologists spa have been &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#114&#105&#101&#115&#58 Finland, Norway, Sweden, &#68&#101&#110&#109&#97&#114&#107&#44 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#44 &#83&#119&#105&#116&#122&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44&#13&#10&#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#44 &#84&#104&#101 &#78&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115&#44 Belgium, &#70&#114&#97&#110&#99&#101&#44&#13&#10&#82&#117&#115&#115&#105&#97&#44 &#80&#111&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#101&#114 Czechoslovakia, Hungary, &#82&#111&#109&#97&#110&#105&#97&#44 &#83&#99&#111&#116&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#87&#97&#108&#101&#115&#44&#13&#10&#73&#116&#97&#108&#121 and Spain. Unfortunately, there &#97&#114&#101 &#110&#111 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#114&#101&#104&#101&#110&#115&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#109&#97&#112&#115 &#100&#101&#116&#97&#105&#108&#105&#110&#103 the species's distribution pattern.<br> Traditionally, mycologists have often &#110&#101&#103&#108&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#108&#121 &#116&#105&#110&#121 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 such as &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#44 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#101&#110&#100 to share &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114&#13&#10&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#97&#116&#115 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#109&#111&#114&#101 prominent species. The sarcastic phrase &#34&#84&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#97&#98&#117&#110&#100&#97&#110&#99&#101 wherever mycologists abound" is particularly pertinent in &#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 Prior to the discovery of psilocybin, the Psilocybe genus languished in the literature, shrouded &#105&#110 &#111&#98&#115&#99&#117&#114&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#84&#111 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#100&#97&#121&#44 &#102&#101&#119&#13&#10&#49&#56&#57&#46 Psilocybe semilanceata Fr. &#91&#87&#111&#114&#116&#104&#108&#101&#115&#115&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 &#117&#110&#105&#102&#111&#114&#109&#108&#121 conic &#116&#111 &#98&#101&#108&#108&#45&#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#100&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97 pointy or obtuse &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#97&#110 &#97&#108&#109&#111&#115&#116 &#119&#97&#114&#116&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101 protrusion; initially, caps are often taller than &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#114&#101 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#44 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101 bent and curved &#105&#110&#119&#97&#114&#100&#59 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#111&#110&#44 &#119&#105&#100&#116&#104 of &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 &#49&#46&#53&#45&#52 &#99&#109&#46 Hygrophanous; coloration is &#97 &#100&#105&#114&#116&#121&#105&#115&#104 &#111&#108&#105&#118&#101&#45&#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#119&#101&#116&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#117&#99&#101&#110&#116 striate margins; at the center, coloration is ocher or greenish-yellow against &#97&#110 &#111&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108&#108 &#115&#104&#97&#100&#101 &#111&#102 smudgy pale yellow &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#105&#115&#104 &#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#59 &#111&#110&#108&#121 the margins are &#98&#97&#110&#100&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#97 &#100&#97&#114&#107&#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100&#44 watery stripe around &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#100&#103&#101&#46 &#78&#111 &#115&#116&#114&#105&#112&#101&#115 &#111&#114 banding evident when mushrooms are completely dried. Lacking a veil, caps are thin-fleshed, bald, with an easily separable pellicle that remains gelatinous-sticky for a long time, &#116&#117&#114&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#104&#105&#110&#121 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#100&#114&#121&#46&#13&#10&#71&#105&#108&#108&#115 are olive &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 brown in color, with the edges often remaining white, gill spacing is &#113&#117&#105&#116&#101 &#99&#114&#111&#119&#100&#101&#100&#59 &#103&#105&#108&#108 &#97&#116&#116&#97&#99&#104&#109&#101&#110&#116 is either roughly linear &#111&#114&#13&#10&#109&#111&#115&#116&#108&#121 &#97&#100&#110&#101&#120&#101&#100&#59 &#117&#112 &#116&#111 3.5 mm wide; attached &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#101&#109 &#111&#110&#108&#121&#44 fully &#100&#101&#116&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#114&#101 elongated to ellipitical in shape, smooth and large, measuring 12-16 &#117&#13&#10&#98&#121 &#54&#45&#56&#44&#117&#46 &#67&#111&#108&#111&#114 &#111&#102 spore dust is blackish &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#116&#101&#109 &#105&#115 &#118&#101&#114&#121 slender, almost uniformly thin and always twisted, 6-12 &#99&#109 &#108&#111&#110&#103 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#49&#46&#50&#53&#45&#50 &#109&#109 thick, yellowish or whitish in color; areas subjected to pressure develop bluishgreen stains. Stems are silky smooth and roughly at the center, cortinate &#102&#105&#98&#114&#105&#108&#115 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#110&#97&#110&#116&#115 &#111&#102 a veil, which is brittle and &#108&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101 fibrous cord of wool-like texture. When dry, the flesh &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 colored &#112&#97&#108&#101 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#101 stem's flesh is ocher brown in color, especially towards &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#111&#116&#116&#111&#109&#46 &#73&#116 &#105&#115 odorless and its flavor is mild. The mushroom grows from August to &#79&#99&#116&#111&#98&#101&#114&#44 &#102&#114&#101&#113&#117&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121 &#105&#110 &#103&#114&#101&#103&#97&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115 clusters, &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#97&#110&#13&#10&#98&#101 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#105&#110 pastures &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#114&#111&#97&#100&#119&#97&#121&#115&#44 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 on dung that has &#117&#110&#100&#101&#114&#103&#111&#110&#101 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#99&#111&#109&#112&#111&#115&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 &#73&#116 &#105&#115 &#110&#111&#116 &#97 &#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 rare species. Figure 11(above) This excellent description of &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#98&#121 &#77&#105&#99&#104&#97&#101&#108 & Schulz (1927) is shown here as originally published in German, with an &#69&#110&#103&#108&#105&#115&#104 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#13&#10&#77&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#115&#112&#97 &#104&#97&#118&#101 been reported from the following countries: Finland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, &#83&#119&#105&#116&#122&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44&#13&#10&#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#44 &#84&#104&#101 &#78&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115&#44 &#66&#101&#108&#103&#105&#117&#109&#44 France, Russia, Poland, the former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Scotland, England, Wales, Italy and &#83&#112&#97&#105&#110&#46&#13&#10&#85&#110&#102&#111&#114&#116&#117&#110&#97&#116&#101&#108&#121&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#114&#101 &#110&#111 comprehensive maps detailing the &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#39&#115&#13&#10&#100&#105&#115&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#112&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114&#110&#46 &#84&#114&#97&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115&#13&#10&#104&#97&#118&#101 often neglected relatively tiny species, such as Psilocybe semilanceata, that tend to share their habitats with other, more &#112&#114&#111&#109&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#13&#10&#115&#97&#114&#99&#97&#115&#116&#105&#99 &#112&#104&#114&#97&#115&#101 "The &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#97&#98&#117&#110&#100&#97&#110&#99&#101 &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101&#118&#101&#114 mycologists abound" is particularly pertinent in reference to the Psilocybe species. Prior to the discovery of psilocybin, the Psilocybe &#103&#101&#110&#117&#115 &#108&#97&#110&#103&#117&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 literature, shrouded in obscurity. To this day, few 189. Psilocybe semilanceata Fr. Worthless The cap is uniformly conic &#116&#111 &#98&#101&#108&#108&#45&#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#100&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97 pointy or obtuse center &#102&#111&#114&#109&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#97&#110 &#97&#108&#109&#111&#115&#116 &#119&#97&#114&#116&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#116&#114&#117&#115&#105&#111&#110&#59 initially, caps are often taller than they are wide, margins are bent and &#99&#117&#114&#118&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#119&#97&#114&#100&#59 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#111&#110&#44 width of cap is &#49&#46&#53&#45&#52 &#99&#109&#46 &#72&#121&#103&#114&#111&#112&#104&#97&#110&#111&#117&#115&#59 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#105&#115 a dirtyish olive-brown when wet, with translucent striate margins; at the center, coloration is ocher &#111&#114 &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#105&#115&#104&#45&#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119 &#97&#103&#97&#105&#110&#115&#116 &#97&#110 overall shade of smudgy pale yellow and oftentimes some greenish &#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#59 &#111&#110&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115 &#97&#114&#101 banded by &#97 &#100&#97&#114&#107&#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100&#44 &#119&#97&#116&#101&#114&#121&#13&#10&#115&#116&#114&#105&#112&#101 &#97&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 the edge. No stripes or banding &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#101 completely dried. Lacking a &#118&#101&#105&#108&#44 &#99&#97&#112&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#105&#110&#45&#102&#108&#101&#115&#104&#101&#100&#44 bald, &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97&#110 &#101&#97&#115&#105&#108&#121 &#115&#101&#112&#97&#114&#97&#98&#108&#101 pellicle that remains gelatinous-sticky for a long &#116&#105&#109&#101&#44 &#116&#117&#114&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#104&#105&#110&#121 &#119&#104&#101&#110 dry. Gills are olive brown to blackish &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 with the &#101&#100&#103&#101&#115 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101&#44 &#103&#105&#108&#108 spacing is quite <b> psilocybe semilanceata identification northeastern US</b> crowded; gill attachment &#105&#115 &#101&#105&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 &#108&#105&#110&#101&#97&#114 or mostly adnexed; up to 3.5 mm wide; attached at the stem only, fully &#100&#101&#116&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#114&#101 elongated to &#101&#108&#108&#105&#112&#105&#116&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#105&#110 &#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#44 &#115&#109&#111&#111&#116&#104 and large, measuring 12-16 u by 6-8,u.<br> Color of spore dust is blackish &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#116&#101&#109 &#105&#115 &#118&#101&#114&#121 slender, &#97&#108&#109&#111&#115&#116 &#117&#110&#105&#102&#111&#114&#109&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#105&#110 &#97&#110&#100 always &#116&#119&#105&#115&#116&#101&#100&#44 &#54&#45&#49&#50 &#99&#109 &#108&#111&#110&#103 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#49&#46&#50&#53&#45&#50 mm thick, yellowish or whitish &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#59 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 to pressure develop &#98&#108&#117&#105&#115&#104&#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#13&#10&#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#46 &#83&#116&#101&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#115&#105&#108&#107&#121 smooth and roughly at the center, cortinate fibrils &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#110&#97&#110&#116&#115 &#111&#102 &#97 veil, which &#105&#115 &#98&#114&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#108&#105&#110&#101&#100 with a &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101 &#102&#105&#98&#114&#111&#117&#115 &#99&#111&#114&#100 &#111&#102 wool-like texture. When &#100&#114&#121&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 &#111&#102 the cap &#105&#115 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100 &#112&#97&#108&#101 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#44 while the &#115&#116&#101&#109&#39&#115 &#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#111&#99&#104&#101&#114 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 in color, especially &#116&#111&#119&#97&#114&#100&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#111&#116&#116&#111&#109&#46 &#73&#116 is odorless and its flavor &#105&#115 &#109&#105&#108&#100&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#115 from August to October, frequently in &#103&#114&#101&#103&#97&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#99&#108&#117&#115&#116&#101&#114&#115&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#97&#110&#13&#10&#98&#101 found in pastures and along roadways, growing on dung &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#104&#97&#115 &#117&#110&#100&#101&#114&#103&#111&#110&#101 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#99&#111&#109&#112&#111&#115&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 &#73&#116 is not &#97 &#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#114&#97&#114&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#49&#49&#40&#97&#98&#111&#118&#101&#41 &#84&#104&#105&#115 excellent description &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#98&#121 Michael & Schulz (1927) is shown here as originally published in German, with &#97&#110 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#105&#115&#104 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#13&#10&#77&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#115&#112 </p> Dosages for Psilocybe australiana Guzmán & Watling, Psilocybe eucalypta Guzmán & There are more than 1 dozen species of "magic mushrooms" in Australia and New Zealand. Four of these species are dung (manure) inhabiting mushrooms. They include Psilocybe cubensis and/or Psilocybe subcubensis (known locally as "gold caps" and/or "gold tops"), Psilocybe subaeruginosa, and Copelandia cyanescens (the latter is known locally as "blue meanies"). These four species contain the mind altering alkaloids psilocybine and psilocine and are the most common hallucinogenic mushrooms in Australia. In New Zealand, the most commonly used species are Copelandia cyanescens and Psilocybe semilanceata, the latter species is recognized throughout the world as the "liberty cap"). This species only occurs in manured soil and does not grow directly from the dung of cattle, sheep or other four legged farm animals. Psilocybe cubensis the most popular of these species, is well known throughout much of the world; however, this species is not known to occur in New Zealand. Other species described in this guide are known to occur in manured soil, in pastures, meadows, grazing lands, some lawns and in the bark mulch and woodchips of deciduous woods. Most recreational users of Psilocybe cubensis (when grown in vitro) require a dosage of 1 to 2 gm of dried mushrooms to produce an altered state of consciousness; a clinical dosage for Psilocybe cubensis, on the other hand, had previously been reported as ranging from 3 to 5 gm of dried material. This dosage would be comparable to the amount of fungal material consumed for religious purposes in a Mazatec Indian healing and curing ceremony. In 1982, one research team "found that the level of psilocybin and psilocin varies over a factor of 4 among various in vitro cultures of Psilocybe cubensis, while specimens from outdoors varied tenfold." A fresh dosage of Psilocybe cubensis in Australia would be approximately from 1 to 2 large mushrooms weighing up to as much as one fresh ounce, or as many as from 25 to 50 small mushrooms equaling the same weight amount. Ethnopharmacologist Jonathan Ott (1976, 1993) noted that he has observed "the ingestion of from 0.5 gm to 5.9 gm dried weight (10 gm to 40 gm fresh)", of various species of Psilocybe. Dosage for Psilocybe subcubensis would be the same as for Psilocybe cubensis. Both of these latter two species are macroscopically alike. The usual dosage for Copelandia cyanescens required to induce psychedelic visual effects ranges from 1 to 3 large specimens (cap diameter c. 5 mm), or as many as 5 to l0 medium-sized mushrooms (cap diameter c. 2.5 mm); however, personal tolerance to this species may occur with continued use, and some who consume large amounts of this mushroom have reportedly ingested as many as 50 to 200 fresh specimens of various sizes. Most users of the psychoactive visionary mushrooms have very little knowledge of their scientific names. Instead, they have given their favorite species local epithets which are commonly used by those who collect and ingest them. Some of these popular names are also known and applied by users outside of Australia and NZ. "Magic Mushrooms" is the most common term applied to any mushroom which contains psilocybine and/or psilocine. It was invented by a Life Magazine editor in l957 ( see Wasson, l957). Psilocybe cubensis is known in Australia as "golden tops", "gold tops" or sometimes "gold caps." The Australian epithets may have been given to this species by members of a local, drugusing group of surfers which frequented the Gold Coast region of Eastern Australia; however, some of these names have apparently been used to describe several different species of Psilocybe by users in Australia (see Allen, 1997). As mentioned above, Psilocybe cubensis is not known to occur in New Zealand. Those who ingest Copelandia cyanescens, known in Australia and New Zealand as "blue meanies", also refer to this species as "Blue Legs", "golden tops" or "gold caps". The latter two nicknames, as well as "dimple tops" and "cone heads", are common terms applied to Copelandia cyanescens in the Hawaiian Islands; and some of these same popular names have also been used by visiting surfers from both New Zealand and Australia, to describe the macroscopic characteristics of Copelandia cyanescens. These same surfers visiting Hawaii's North Shore have reportedly ingested mushrooms prior to surfing, as do many of the locally based surfers in Australia and NZ. </p> <p>It has been suggested by an Australian physician that the general public in Australia, as well as members of its drug using subculture, first became aware of the visionary properties of these psychoactive mushrooms by a visiting surfer(s), who came from either New Zealand or the United States (Hawaii) and most likely provided ethnomycological information to local surfers (McCarthy, 1971). This physician reported that the use of psychoactive mushrooms, as well as 21 other drugs "was well demonstrated during a survey on drug abuse that was conducted in Southern Queensland during l969." This survey relied on interviews of 51 people belonging to "the `surfer' subculture local beach resorts". In this report, the doctor believed that "although the survey involved surfers and their female friends, there is no suggestion that the use of these drugs is confined to this group, which constitutes but a proportion of our (Australian) young drug taking community." It is thus likely that word-of-mouth communication made a significant contribution to the increasing use of "magic mushrooms" in Australia and NZ. <p align="right"> &#13&#10&#67&#65&#84&#84&#76&#69 &#65&#83 &#65 &#80&#79&#83&#83&#73&#66&#76&#69 DISPERSAL MECHANISM FOR PSYCHOACTIVE DUNG FUNGI One may ask &#116&#104&#101 &#113&#117&#101&#115&#116&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#34&#104&#111&#119 &#100&#105&#100 these mushrooms arrive in &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#101&#119 &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100&#63&#34 Well some species may &#98&#101 &#101&#110&#100&#101&#109&#105&#99&#44&#116&#104&#97&#116 &#105&#115&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#121 were &#97&#108&#114&#101&#97&#100&#121 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108&#108&#121&#46 &#79&#116&#104&#101&#114 species such as the above &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101&#100 &#100&#117&#110&#103&#45&#105&#110&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#109&#111&#115&#116 likelyappeared after the introduction of &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#111&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116&#46&#84&#104&#101 first livestock &#116&#111 &#97&#114&#114&#105&#118&#101 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 were &#98&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#116 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#67&#97&#112&#101 of &#71&#111&#111&#100 &#72&#111&#112&#101 &#105&#110&#49&#55&#56&#56&#44 &#97&#110&#100 included 2 bulls and 5 cows, &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#100&#111&#109&#101&#115&#116&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101&#100 farm animals.<br> Byl803, the &#103&#111&#118&#101&#114&#110&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#111&#119&#110&#101&#100 &#97&#112&#112&#114&#111&#120&#105&#109&#97&#116&#101&#108&#121 &#49&#56&#48&#48 cattle, most of which were &#105&#109&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100&#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#67&#97&#112&#101&#44 &#67&#97&#108&#99&#117&#116&#116&#97&#44 and the west coast of America. It was during this period thatsome of the visionary mushrooms mentioned in this field guide &#112&#114&#111&#98&#97&#98&#108&#121 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 (Unsigned, 1973).<br> According to Australian mycologist John Burton &#67&#108&#101&#108&#97&#110&#100&#40&#49&#57&#51&#52&#41&#44 &#34&#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#110 cow or horse-dung and confined to such habitats, must &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#99&#97&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#44 &#97&#108&#108 &#98&#101&#108&#111&#110&#103 to introduced species". It is believed &#116&#111 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 SouthAfrican dung beetle which may have actually spread the spores. According to Englishmycologist Roy Watling of the Royal Botanic Gardens in Glasgow, Scotland, "it must beremembered that fungi can change substrate preferences and there &#97&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#112&#114&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#111&#117&#115&#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 &#111&#110 &#107&#97&#110&#103&#97&#114&#111&#111 droppings etc." <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/mushrocks+Illegal+in+Australia.asp" title="Mushrocks Illegal In Australia" alt="Mushrocks Illegal In Australia" >Mushrocks Illegal In Australia</a> Some mycologists who have &#115&#116&#117&#100&#105&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#34&#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#34 &#105&#110 Australia and &#78&#90 &#99&#108&#97&#105&#109 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 "use of P. cubensis as a recreational drugtends &#116&#111 &#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#114&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#102 that some] farmers in early times may have] &#97&#100&#100&#101&#100 &#111&#110&#101 &#111&#114 &#116&#119&#111 &#98&#97&#115&#105&#100&#105&#111&#109&#101&#115 gilled mushrooms] to a mealto liven it up and still do] &#77&#97&#114&#103&#111&#116 &#38&#97&#109&#112&#59 &#87&#97&#116&#108&#105&#110&#103&#44 &#49&#57&#56&#49&#41&#46&#34&#13&#10&#13&#10&#67&#65&#84&#84&#76&#69 AS A &#80&#79&#83&#83&#73&#66&#76&#69 &#68&#73&#83&#80&#69&#82&#83&#65&#76 &#77&#69&#67&#72&#65&#78&#73&#83&#77 &#70&#79&#82 &#80&#83&#89&#67&#72&#79&#65&#67&#84&#73&#86&#69 DUNG FUNGI One may &#97&#115&#107 &#116&#104&#101 &#113&#117&#101&#115&#116&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#34&#104&#111&#119 did these mushrooms arrive &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#101&#119 &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100&#63&#34 Well some species may be endemic,that &#105&#115&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#108&#114&#101&#97&#100&#121 there naturally. Other species &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#97&#98&#111&#118&#101 described dung-inhabiting mushrooms &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121&#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#97&#102&#116&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#101 introduction &#111&#102 &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#111&#110 &#116&#104&#101 subcontinent.The first livestock to arrive &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#116 from the Cape of &#71&#111&#111&#100 &#72&#111&#112&#101 &#105&#110&#49&#55&#56&#56&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#105&#110&#99&#108&#117&#100&#101&#100 2 bulls and 5 cows, along with other domesticated farm &#97&#110&#105&#109&#97&#108&#115&#46 &#66&#121&#108&#56&#48&#51&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#103&#111&#118&#101&#114&#110&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#111&#119&#110&#101&#100 approximately 1800 &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101&#44 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#111&#102 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 were &#105&#109&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100&#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#67&#97&#112&#101&#44 &#67&#97&#108&#99&#117&#116&#116&#97&#44 and &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#101&#115&#116 &#99&#111&#97&#115&#116 &#111&#102 America. It was during this period thatsome of the visionary mushrooms mentioned &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#102&#105&#101&#108&#100 &#103&#117&#105&#100&#101 probably first appeared inAustralia (Unsigned, 1973). According to Australian mycologist John Burton Cleland(1934), &#34&#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#119 or horse-dung and confined to such &#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#97&#116&#115&#44 &#109&#117&#115&#116 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#99&#97&#115&#101 of Australia, all &#98&#101&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#105&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#101&#100 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#34&#46 It is believed &#116&#111 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 SouthAfrican dung beetle which &#109&#97&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#97&#99&#116&#117&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100 the spores. &#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#105&#115&#104&#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116 &#82&#111&#121 &#87&#97&#116&#108&#105&#110&#103 of the &#82&#111&#121&#97&#108 &#66&#111&#116&#97&#110&#105&#99 &#71&#97&#114&#100&#101&#110&#115 &#105&#110 &#71&#108&#97&#115&#103&#111&#119&#44 &#83&#99&#111&#116&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#34&#105&#116 &#109&#117&#115&#116 beremembered that &#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 &#99&#97&#110 &#99&#104&#97&#110&#103&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#114&#97&#116&#101 preferences and there are coprophilousfungi on kangaroo droppings etc." &#83&#111&#109&#101 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#119&#104&#111 &#104&#97&#118&#101 studied the "magicmushrooms" &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#90 claim that the &#34&#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#80&#46 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 as a &#114&#101&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#100&#114&#117&#103&#116&#101&#110&#100&#115 &#116&#111 &#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#114&#109 the belief that some] farmers in early times may have] added one or two &#98&#97&#115&#105&#100&#105&#111&#109&#101&#115 &#103&#105&#108&#108&#101&#100 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#93 &#116&#111 a &#109&#101&#97&#108&#116&#111 &#108&#105&#118&#101&#110 &#105&#116 &#117&#112 and still do] Margot & Watling, 1981)." CATTLE AS &#65 &#80&#79&#83&#83&#73&#66&#76&#69 &#68&#73&#83&#80&#69&#82&#83&#65&#76 &#77&#69&#67&#72&#65&#78&#73&#83&#77 FOR PSYCHOACTIVE DUNG FUNGI One may &#97&#115&#107 &#116&#104&#101 &#113&#117&#101&#115&#116&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#34&#104&#111&#119 did these mushrooms &#97&#114&#114&#105&#118&#101 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 New Zealand?" Well some species may &#98&#101 &#101&#110&#100&#101&#109&#105&#99&#44&#116&#104&#97&#116 &#105&#115&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#121 were already there naturally. Other &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101 above &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101&#100 &#100&#117&#110&#103&#45&#105&#110&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#109&#111&#115&#116 likelyappeared after the introduction of cattle &#111&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116&#46&#84&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 livestock &#116&#111 &#97&#114&#114&#105&#118&#101 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 were &#98&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#116 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#67&#97&#112&#101 of Good Hope &#105&#110&#49&#55&#56&#56&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#105&#110&#99&#108&#117&#100&#101&#100 &#50 bulls and 5 cows, along with other domesticated farm animals. Byl803, the government owned &#97&#112&#112&#114&#111&#120&#105&#109&#97&#116&#101&#108&#121 &#49&#56&#48&#48 &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101&#44 &#109&#111&#115&#116 of &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#105&#109&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100&#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 Cape, Calcutta, and the west coast of America. It was during this period &#116&#104&#97&#116&#115&#111&#109&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#97&#114&#121 mushrooms mentioned in this field guide probably first appeared &#105&#110&#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#40&#85&#110&#115&#105&#103&#110&#101&#100&#44 &#49&#57&#55&#51&#41&#46 &#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 to Australian mycologist John Burton Cleland(1934), &#34&#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#119 &#111&#114 horse-dung and confined to such habitats, must &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#99&#97&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#44 all belong &#116&#111 &#105&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#101&#100 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#34&#46 &#73&#116 is believed to have been the SouthAfrican dung beetle which may &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#97&#99&#116&#117&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115&#46 According to Englishmycologist Roy Watling of the Royal Botanic Gardens in Glasgow, &#83&#99&#111&#116&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#34&#105&#116 &#109&#117&#115&#116 &#98&#101&#114&#101&#109&#101&#109&#98&#101&#114&#101&#100 that &#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 &#99&#97&#110 &#99&#104&#97&#110&#103&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#114&#97&#116&#101 preferences and there are coprophilousfungi on &#107&#97&#110&#103&#97&#114&#111&#111 &#100&#114&#111&#112&#112&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#101&#116&#99&#46&#34 &#83&#111&#109&#101 mycologists &#119&#104&#111 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#115&#116&#117&#100&#105&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 "magicmushrooms" in &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#90 &#99&#108&#97&#105&#109 that the "use of P. cubensis as a recreational drugtends &#116&#111 &#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#114&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#102 that some farmers in &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 &#91&#109&#97&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 added one or two basidiomes gilled mushrooms &#116&#111 &#97 &#109&#101&#97&#108&#116&#111 &#108&#105&#118&#101&#110 &#105&#116 up &#91&#97&#110&#100 &#115&#116&#105&#108&#108 &#100&#111 &#77&#97&#114&#103&#111&#116 & Watling, 1981).<br>" CATTLE AS A POSSIBLE DISPERSAL MECHANISM FOR PSYCHOACTIVE DUNG FUNGI One may ask the question, "how &#100&#105&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#114&#105&#118&#101 &#105&#110 Australia and New Zealand?" Well some species may be endemic,that is, they were already &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108&#108&#121&#46 &#79&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 such as the above described dung-inhabiting mushrooms most likelyappeared after the &#105&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#111&#110 the &#115&#117&#98&#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116&#46&#84&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#108&#105&#118&#101&#115&#116&#111&#99&#107 &#116&#111 arrive in &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#116 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 Cape of Good Hope in1788, &#97&#110&#100 &#105&#110&#99&#108&#117&#100&#101&#100 &#50 &#98&#117&#108&#108&#115 and 5 cows, along with other domesticated farm animals. Byl803, the government &#111&#119&#110&#101&#100 &#97&#112&#112&#114&#111&#120&#105&#109&#97&#116&#101&#108&#121 &#49&#56&#48&#48 &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101&#44 most of which were &#105&#109&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100&#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#67&#97&#112&#101&#44 &#67&#97&#108&#99&#117&#116&#116&#97&#44 and &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#101&#115&#116 &#99&#111&#97&#115&#116 &#111&#102 &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97&#46 It was during this &#112&#101&#114&#105&#111&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#115&#111&#109&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#97&#114&#121 mushrooms mentioned in this &#102&#105&#101&#108&#100 &#103&#117&#105&#100&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#98&#97&#98&#108&#121 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 appeared inAustralia (Unsigned, &#49&#57&#55&#51&#41&#46 &#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116 John Burton Cleland(1934), <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/psilocybin+grow+kits.asp" title="Psilocybin Grow Kits" alt="Psilocybin Grow Kits" >Psilocybin Grow Kits</a> "fungi growing in cow or horse-dung and confined to such habitats, must in thecase of &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#44 &#97&#108&#108 &#98&#101&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#105&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#101&#100 species". It is believed to have been the SouthAfrican dung beetle which may have actually spread the spores. &#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#105&#115&#104&#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116 &#82&#111&#121 Watling of &#116&#104&#101 &#82&#111&#121&#97&#108 &#66&#111&#116&#97&#110&#105&#99 &#71&#97&#114&#100&#101&#110&#115 in &#71&#108&#97&#115&#103&#111&#119&#44 &#83&#99&#111&#116&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#34&#105&#116 &#109&#117&#115&#116 beremembered that fungi &#99&#97&#110 &#99&#104&#97&#110&#103&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#114&#97&#116&#101 &#112&#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115 and there &#97&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#112&#114&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#111&#117&#115&#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 &#111&#110 &#107&#97&#110&#103&#97&#114&#111&#111 droppings etc." Some mycologists who have &#115&#116&#117&#100&#105&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#34&#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#34 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 and &#78&#90 &#99&#108&#97&#105&#109 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 "use &#111&#102 &#80&#46 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#97&#115 &#97 recreational drugtends to confirm the belief that some <H1> psilocybe semilanceata identification northeastern US</H1> farmers in early times may have added one or two basidiomes gilled mushrooms to a mealto liven it up &#97&#110&#100 &#115&#116&#105&#108&#108 &#100&#111 &#77&#97&#114&#103&#111&#116 & Watling, 1981)." </p> &#101 &#99&#114&#101&#101&#107 &#111&#110 &#119&#111&#111&#100 chips of Carpinus, Alnus and Salix, &#111&#110 &#114&#97&#119 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#111&#115&#116&#13&#10&#109&#105&#120&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#111&#102 Picea, Pinus and Larix needles, as Sept. &#79&#99&#116&#46 &#78&#111&#118&#46 &#68&#101&#99&#46 &#74&#97&#110&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 21 - &#70&#114&#117&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#99&#117&#114&#118&#101 &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#98&#97&#115&#101&#100 on observations at &#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108&#13&#10&#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#101&#114 Czechoslovakia. The mycelia &#109&#97&#107&#101 &#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116 kinds of plant debris and even grow on wet cardboard, where &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#100&#101&#118&#101&#108&#111&#112 &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#114&#104&#105&#122&#111&#109&#111&#114&#112&#104&#115 just like they would in nature. Rhizomorphs &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#105&#99&#107&#13&#10&#115&#116&#114&#97&#110&#100&#115 &#111&#102 &#109&#121&#99&#101&#108&#105&#97 that serve to transport nutrients and water.<br> They also &#100&#101&#118&#101&#108&#111&#112 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#110&#115&#101&#13&#10&#98&#108&#117&#101 &#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115 &#40&#115&#101&#101 Figure &#50&#50&#41&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#50&#51&#13&#10&#68&#105&#115&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#112&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114&#110 &#111&#102 Psilocybe cyanescens <b>bronze mushrooms bronze bronze</b> in Germany and adjacent areas (according to &#75&#114&#105&#101&#103&#108&#115&#116&#101&#105&#110&#101&#114&#41&#46 &#76&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#97&#114&#101&#13&#10&#105&#110&#100&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#98&#121 black dots.<br> Figure 22 Psilocybe &#98&#111&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97&#13&#10&#114&#104&#105&#122&#111&#109&#111&#114&#112&#104&#115 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#110&#13&#10&#119&#101&#116 &#99&#97&#114&#100&#98&#111&#97&#114&#100&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 24 - Psilocybe cyanescens at a <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magicmushroompsychedelicpicturesnz.asp" title="Magicmushroompsychedelicpicturesnz" alt="Magicmushroompsychedelicpicturesnz" >Magicmushroompsychedelicpicturesnz</a> natural location (USA). Figure 25 &#45 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#98&#111&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97 &#111&#110 twigs and leaves. Impressive &#69&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#98&#111&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97 &#105&#115 &#97 &#118&#101&#114&#121 psychoactive species. &#73&#116&#115 &#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#118&#105&#118&#105&#100&#108&#121 documented in the following account of &#111&#110&#101 &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108 &#115&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#115&#116&#39&#115&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#97&#115 part of controlled clinical <H2> shrooms scotland grow kit</H2> trials in Prague: About 30 mg of psilocybin in mushroom tissue &#119&#97&#115 &#112&#114&#101&#112&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#104&#111&#116 water, &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115&#13&#10&#97&#108&#114&#101&#97&#100&#121 &#110&#111&#116&#105&#99&#101&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#116&#101&#110 minutes &#97&#102&#116&#101&#114 &#105&#110&#103&#101&#115&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 &#73&#13&#10&#103&#114&#101&#119 &#105&#110&#99&#114&#101&#97&#115&#105&#110&#103&#108&#121 quiet. At first, &#109&#121 &#108&#101&#103&#115 &#98&#101&#103&#97&#110 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#116&#105&#110&#103&#108&#101&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#110 &#109&#121 &#117&#110&#100&#101&#114&#97&#114&#109&#115 as &#119&#101&#108&#108&#46 &#65&#115&#105&#100&#101 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#97&#13&#10&#100&#101&#101&#112&#101&#114 breathing &#114&#104&#121&#116&#104&#109&#44 &#102&#101&#119 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#115&#111&#109&#97&#116&#105&#99 effects were &#110&#111&#116&#101&#100&#46 &#73&#110&#105&#116&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#102&#105&#116&#115 of laughter caused by unusual &#99&#111&#103&#110&#105&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#97&#115&#115&#111&#99&#105&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#59 &#116&#104&#105&#115&#13&#10&#108&#97&#117&#103&#104&#116&#101&#114 &#97&#108&#115&#111 affected the two "sober" guides. A growing hyperacuity interfered with the ability to listen to music, so that Vivaldi's "Springtime" caused painful &#115&#116&#97&#98&#115 &#105&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#114&#97&#105&#110&#46 I compared the pain to that caused by a "sawing knife".<br> &#84&#104&#101&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#109&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#115 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#98&#108&#111&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#97&#110&#100 yellow... Existing bodily characteristics, such as thinning hair &#115&#116&#105&#109&#117&#108&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#97 &#112&#101&#114&#115&#111&#110&#39&#115 &#105&#108&#108&#117&#115&#105&#111&#110&#97&#114&#121&#13&#10&#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#102&#111&#114&#109&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#110&#116&#111 a monk with tonsure. Their voices also appeared reverent and, from &#97&#13&#10&#115&#111&#109&#101&#119&#104&#97&#116 &#112&#97&#114&#97&#110&#111&#105&#100 &#112&#111&#105&#110&#116 &#111&#102 view, these gentlemen at times seemed to be &#119&#111&#114&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#97 &#115&#119&#105&#116&#99&#104&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#116&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#116&#104&#97&#116&#44 for some reasons, was &#109&#121 &#101&#110&#101&#109&#121&#46 &#65&#116 &#116&#104&#101 same time, &#73 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#98&#111&#116&#104 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#109 to be quite likeable. During this time period, &#116&#104&#101 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#102&#101&#109&#97&#108&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#13&#10&#112&#101&#114&#99&#101&#105&#118&#101&#100 fantastic images of moving colors and saw visions &#111&#102 &#104&#101&#114 &#119&#104&#111&#108&#101 &#108&#105&#102&#101 unfolding behind closed eyes. During &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#112&#101&#114&#105&#111&#100&#44 &#73 &#104&#97&#100 the distinct impression that an electrical current was &#102&#108&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#116&#104&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104 &#109&#121 &#98&#111&#100&#121&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 was &#110&#111&#116 &#97&#110 &#117&#110&#99&#111&#109&#102&#111&#114&#116&#97&#98&#108&#101&#13&#10&#115&#101&#110&#115&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 &#65&#98&#111&#117&#116 three hours &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#103&#101&#110&#116&#108&#101&#109&#101&#110&#13&#10&#114&#101&#116&#105&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#111 the kitchen and &#116&#104&#101 &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101 changed quite drastically. At first I felt as if my legs were increasingly merging &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#97&#108&#108&#44 &#97 very comfortable experience. In a state of utter clarity of consciousness, I &#102&#105&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#102&#101&#108&#116 &#97&#115 &#105&#102 I had no body at all.<br> I said. "The &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#112&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#101&#120&#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#115 the experience of a &#112&#117&#114&#101 &#115&#111&#117&#108&#34&#46 &#85&#115&#105&#110&#103 &#119&#111&#114&#100&#115 as triggers, we were able to induce shared experiences o e creek on wood chips of Carpinus, Alnus and Salix, on raw compost mixtures of Picea, Pinus and Larix needles, as Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Figure 21 - Fruiting curve of Psilocybe cyanescens based on observations at several locations in the former Czechoslovakia. The mycelia make use of different kinds of plant debris and even grow on wet cardboard, where they develop into rhizomorphs just like they would in nature. Rhizomorphs are thick strands of mycelia that serve to transport nutrients and water. They also develop intense blue stains (see Figure 22). Figure 23 Distribution pattern of Psilocybe cyanescens in Germany and adjacent areas (according to Krieglsteiner). Locations are indicated by black dots. Figure 22 Psilocybe bohemica rhizomorphs growing on wet cardboard. Figure 24 - Psilocybe cyanescens at a natural location (USA). Figure 25 - Psilocybe bohemica on twigs and leaves. Impressive Experiences Psilocybe bohemica is a very psychoactive species. Its effects are vividly documented in the following account of one natural scientist's experience as part of controlled clinical trials in Prague: About 30 mg of psilocybin in mushroom tissue was prepared in hot water, with effects already noticeable ten minutes after ingestion. I grew increasingly quiet. At first, my legs began to tingle, then my underarms as well. Aside from a deeper breathing rhythm, few other somatic effects were noted. Initially there were fits of laughter caused by unusual cognitive associations; this laughter also affected the two "sober" guides. A growing hyperacuity interfered with the ability to listen to music, so that Vivaldi's "Springtime" caused painful stabs inside the brain. I compared the pain to that caused by a "sawing knife". The experimenters appeared bloated and yellow... Existing bodily characteristics, such as thinning hair stimulated a person's illusionary transformation into a monk with tonsure. Their voices also appeared reverent and, from a somewhat paranoid point of view, these gentlemen at times seemed to be working a switching station that, for some reasons, was my enemy. At the same time, I found both of them to be quite likeable. During this time period, the other female subject perceived fantastic images of moving colors and saw visions of her whole life unfolding behind closed eyes. During this period, I had the distinct impression that an electrical current was flowing through my body, which was not an uncomfortable sensation. About three hours later, the gentlemen retired to the kitchen and the nature of the experience changed quite drastically. At first I felt as if my legs were increasingly merging into the wall, a very comfortable experience. In a state of utter clarity of consciousness, I finally felt as if I had no body at all. I said. "The most descriptive expression is the experience of a pure soul". Using words as triggers, we were able to induce shared experiences o <p align="right"> ure of Psilocybe semilanceata (with sclerotia &#102&#111&#114&#109&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#41&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/Figure22Psilocybebohemicarhizomorphsgrowingonwetcardboard.asp" title="Figure22psilocybebohemicarhizomorphsgrowingonwetcardboard" alt="Figure22psilocybebohemicarhizomorphsgrowingonwetcardboard" >Figure22psilocybebohemicarhizomorphsgrowingonwetcardboard</a> &#52&#56 &#45 &#73&#110&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 aeruginascens on grassy soil Figure 49 things to do while on shrooms - Psilocybe cubensis on &#104&#111&#114&#115&#101 &#109&#97&#110&#117&#114&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#114&#105&#99&#101&#46&#13&#10&#112&#111&#114&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 of mycelia whose texture is somewhat like wool. The &#107&#105&#110&#100 &#111&#102 &#118&#105&#114&#117&#115&#101&#115 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 to appear in champignon cultures - where they &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#97&#108&#114&#101&#97&#100&#121&#13&#10&#99&#97&#117&#115&#101&#100 &#97 &#108&#111&#116 of damage - have so far not been found in cultures of the Psilocybe and &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#73&#116 &#105&#115 &#115&#97&#102&#101 &#116&#111 say <u> Things To Do While On Shrooms</u> &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#119&#101 &#99&#117&#114&#114&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121 &#107&#110&#111&#119 a great deal about the nutritional requirements of Psilocybe cubensis. To a lesser &#101&#120&#116&#101&#110&#116&#44 &#115&#117&#99&#104&#13&#10&#105&#110&#102&#111&#114&#109&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#115 &#97&#118&#97&#105&#108&#97&#98&#108&#101 about other species &#97&#115&#13&#10&#119&#101&#108&#108&#46 &#65&#114&#109&#101&#100 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#105&#115 knowledge, future researchers may well discover new insights into physiology of these &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 &#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#97&#115 the biochemical changes that occur <b> things to do while on shrooms</b> during fruiting. In my experiments, it has already been established that the process of &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116&#105&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#119&#104&#101&#114&#101&#98&#121 &#109&#121&#99&#101&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#102&#111&#114&#109&#101&#100 into sclerotia &#111&#114&#13&#10&#102&#114&#117&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#98&#111&#100&#105&#101&#115 &#105&#115 &#108&#105&#110&#107&#101&#100 to increased &#112&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#111&#102 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 &#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108 as psilocin, especially in Psilocybe cubensis. Due &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#108&#121 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#120&#13&#10&#109&#101&#116&#104&#111&#100&#111&#108&#111&#103&#121 and the type of equipment needed to isolate and &#109&#97&#105&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110 &#115&#116&#101&#114&#105&#108&#101 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115&#44 &#105&#116 appears unlikely that cultivation of Psilocybe cubensis mushrooms by laypersons will significantly heighten the mushroom's popularity or widen its area of distribution anytime soon. However, since the early &#49&#57&#56&#48&#115&#44 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#110&#117&#109&#98&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#102 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#101&#115 in North America &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#115&#117&#99&#99&#101&#115&#115&#102&#117&#108&#108&#121 &#117&#115&#101&#100 "natural outdoor cultivation" to fruit Psilocybe cyanescens and similar species. This process involves selection of natural wood &#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#114&#97&#116&#101&#115 &#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#109&#121&#99&#101&#108&#105&#97&#13&#10&#40&#114&#104&#105&#122&#111&#109&#111&#114&#112&#104&#115&#41 that usually turn <b> things to do while on shrooms</b> blue in response to handling.<br> &#84&#104&#101 &#109&#121&#99&#101&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#110 transferred onto fresh wood &#99&#104&#105&#112&#115 &#111&#114 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#101&#114&#99&#105&#97&#108 &#109&#117&#108&#99&#104 (not from cedar trees). <b> psilocybe semilanceata identification northeastern US</b> After several months of &#103&#114&#111&#119&#116&#104&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#109&#121&#99&#101&#108&#105&#97 &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116 &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 fall season. Figure 50 - Surface culture of Inocybe &#97&#101&#114&#117&#103&#105&#110&#97&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#111&#110 &#97 &#108&#105&#113&#117&#105&#100 nutrient medium. Figure 51 - Panaeolus subbalteatus on &#99&#111&#119 &#100&#117&#110&#103 &#97&#110&#100 &#114&#105&#99&#101&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 52 - Psilocybe &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#111&#110 &#119&#101&#116 &#110&#101&#119&#115&#112&#97&#112&#101&#114&#46&#13&#10&#67&#72&#65&#80&#84&#69&#82 7 PSYCHOTROPIC &#77&#85&#83&#72&#82&#79&#79&#77 &#83&#80&#69&#67&#73&#69&#83&#13&#10&#65&#82&#79&#85&#78&#68 &#84&#72&#69 &#87&#79&#82&#76&#68&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 53 &#45 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#111&#110 compost. Figure 54 - Psilocybe stuntzii (grasslands variety) from British Columbia. Figure 55 - &#71&#105&#97&#110&#116 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#115&#99&#117&#108&#112&#116&#117&#114&#101 &#102&#114&#111&#109 Kerala, India.<br> There &#105&#115 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101&#114&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#100&#101&#98&#97&#116&#101 &#97&#109&#111&#110&#103&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#116&#115 about the &#115&#105&#103&#110&#105&#102&#105&#99&#97&#110&#99&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#111&#115&#101 &#111&#102 the sculpture. Figure 56 &#45 &#77&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#38 water &#98&#117&#102&#102&#97&#108&#111 &#116&#45&#115&#104&#105&#114&#116 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#84&#104&#97&#105&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44&#13&#10&#100&#101&#115&#105&#103&#110&#101&#100 &#102&#111&#114 &#116&#104&#101 Western tourist market.<br> CHAPTER &#55&#46&#49&#13&#10&#83&#80&#79&#84&#76&#73&#71&#72&#84 &#79&#78 &#78&#79&#82&#84&#72 &#65&#77&#69&#82&#73&#67&#65 AND HAWAII In 1961, V.E. Tyler became &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116&#13&#10&#105&#110&#118&#101&#115&#116&#105&#103&#97&#116&#111&#114 &#116&#111 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116 the detection of psilocybin in Psilocybe pelliculosa &#40&#83&#109&#105&#116&#104&#41 &#83&#105&#110&#103&#101&#114 &#38 &#83&#109&#105&#116&#104&#44&#13&#10&#97 North American mushroom &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#79&#110&#101 &#121&#101&#97&#114&#13&#10&#108&#97&#116&#101&#114&#44 &#116&#119&#111 research &#103&#114&#111&#117&#112&#115&#44 &#119&#111&#114&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#110&#100&#101&#112&#101&#110&#100&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121&#44&#13&#10&#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#44 as &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#97&#115 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#105&#110&#44 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#115&#97&#109&#112&#108&#101&#115 of &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#98&#97&#101&#111&#99&#121&#115&#116&#105&#115 &#83&#105&#110&#103&#101&#114 &#38 Smith from the Pacific &#78&#111&#114&#116&#104&#119&#101&#115&#116 &#114&#101&#103&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#78&#111&#114&#116&#104&#13&#10&#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97&#46 Additional chemical and &#116&#97&#120&#111&#110&#111&#109&#105&#99&#13&#10&#102&#105&#110&#100&#105&#110 </p> More than half of Australia's beef cattle can be found in the coastal areas of Queensland and New South Wales; and the 20 to 30 inch (500-750mm) rainfall belt of Queensland, New South Wales and Northern Victoria, generally provide adequate climatic environments for the growth of psilocybian mushrooms, especially after heavy rains. It has been suggested that "Psilocybe cubensis was introduced into Australia accidentally by early settlers along with their livestock." This same spore dispersal mechanism also probably applies to Copelandia cyanescens, Panaeolus subbalteatus and several additional species known to occur in or around the dung of other ruminants. This includes Psilocybe semilanceata and the non-hallucinogenic "haymaker's" mushroom Panaeolina foenisecii. While cattle are raised in all Australian states, as well as in the central lowlands, recreational users have been known to export these psychoptic species to various areas in Australia from areas where they were collected. In the case of New Zealand, hereafter referred to as NZ, cattle are the primary source for Copelandia cyanescens, but the "liberty cap" mushroom Psilocybe semilanceata only grows in the manured soil of four-legged ruminants and not directly from manure (Jansen, Pers. Comm., 1988). The identification section of this guide documents reported locations for more than 1 dozen species of psilocybian mushrooms in Australia and NZ which most likely have been used at one time or another for recreational purposes. <b>Shrooms To Things While Do To</b> <p align="justify"> xican mushroom &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 &#115&#111 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#97&#116&#101&#114&#105&#97&#108&#115 need not be repeated in this context. However, certain aspects concerning the more recent uses &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#115 well as their conditions of &#103&#114&#111&#119&#116&#104 &#119&#105&#108&#108 &#114&#101&#99&#101&#105&#118&#101 &#109&#111&#114&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#116&#97&#105&#108&#101&#100 attention in later chapters. The main purpose &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#98&#111&#111&#107 &#105&#115 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#105&#110&#115&#112&#105&#114&#101 further study of &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#44&#13&#10&#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#98&#97&#115&#105&#99 &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104 efforts &#97&#110&#100 &#109&#101&#100&#105&#99&#97&#108&#13&#10&#97&#112&#112&#108&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#102 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 ingredients.<br> The extensive bibliography &#119&#105&#108&#108 &#104&#101&#108&#112&#13&#10&#115&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 interested mycophiles to further immerse &#116&#104&#101&#109&#115&#101&#108&#118&#101&#115 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#120 area of study. Jochen Gartz Figure 6 - &#66&#114&#111&#110&#122&#101 &#100&#111&#111&#114&#115 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 motif &#101&#110&#116&#105&#116&#108&#101&#100 &#34&#84&#114&#105&#97&#108 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#74&#117&#100&#103&#109&#101&#110&#116&#34 &#97&#116 Hildesheim Cathedral, Germany (ca. 1020). CHAPTER 2 REFLECTIONS ON THE &#72&#73&#83&#84&#79&#82&#89&#13&#10&#65&#78&#68 &#83&#67&#73&#69&#78&#84&#73&#70&#73&#67 &#83&#84&#85&#68&#89 &#79&#70 MAGIC &#77&#85&#83&#72&#82&#79&#79&#77&#83&#13&#10&#73&#116 &#105&#115 &#114&#101&#109&#97&#114&#107&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116 cultures native &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97&#110 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 &#107&#110&#101&#119 about a relatively large number of natural mind-altering substances compared to early cultures that evolved in &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#13&#10&#111&#114 &#65&#115&#105&#97&#46 &#66&#111&#116&#97&#110&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#99&#101 does not &#115&#117&#112&#112&#111&#114&#116 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#110&#111&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101 is home to fewer hallucinogenic plants than other regions.<br> Furthermore, &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#110&#117&#109&#98&#101&#114 &#111&#102 &#114&#101&#99&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121 discovered &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 indicate a flourishing &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#102&#108&#111&#114&#97 &#105&#110 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#13&#10&#115&#105&#109&#105&#108&#97&#114 to <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/australia+magic+mushroom+grow+kit.asp" title="Australia Magic Mushroom Grow Kit" alt="Australia Magic Mushroom Grow Kit" >Australia Magic Mushroom Grow Kit</a> those found in &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#114&#105&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#73&#116 &#105&#115 &#117&#110&#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121 that early &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115&#13&#10&#108&#101&#97&#114&#110&#101&#100 &#108&#101&#115&#115 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#108 plants and &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#13&#10&#116&#104&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104 &#117&#115&#97&#103&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101 than cultures elsewhere in the &#119&#111&#114&#108&#100&#46 &#77&#111&#115&#116 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121&#44 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 cultural knowledge of European &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#112&#108&#97&#110&#116&#115 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#97&#115 lost or destroyed at some time in history, probably as &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#97&#115 &#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#104&#117&#110&#100&#114&#101&#100 &#121&#101&#97&#114&#115&#13&#10&#97&#103&#111&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 discovery that the fly agaric mushroom (Amanita muscaria) was known for its psychoactive properties in Siberia invited the conclusion &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#119&#97&#115 used as a psychotropic agent in &#109&#101&#100&#105&#101&#118&#97&#108 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101 &#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108&#46 In fact, there is very &#108&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 Middle Ages &#116&#111 &#105&#110&#100&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#108&#101&#100&#103&#101 &#111&#102 the effects of specific mushrooms on &#104&#117&#109&#97&#110&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#46 &#72&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 &#73 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#101 that past reports on &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#99&#97&#117&#115&#97&#108&#108&#121 linked to Amanita muscaria simply because this was &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#111&#110&#108&#121 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 in Europe &#97&#116&#13&#10&#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#46&#13&#10&#87&#104&#105&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#117&#115&#97&#103&#101 of Amanita muscaria among Siberian tribes has generated reports of spectacular &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#44 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 &#97&#99&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#102&#108&#121 agaric intoxications do &#110&#111&#116 &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#105&#110&#99&#108&#117&#100&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#112&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#102 such intensely &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#97&#116&#111&#114&#121&#13&#10&#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115&#46&#13&#10&#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103&#108&#121&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#111&#116&#101&#110&#116 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99&#13&#10&#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115 of &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#102&#105&#99 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#101&#100 species are likely to have had a much more significant influence on early European cultures than the delirium-like visions induced &#98&#121 &#65&#109&#97&#110&#105&#116&#97&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#99&#97&#114&#105&#97&#44 &#97 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 that is also known to &#105&#110&#100&#117&#99&#101&#13&#10&#117&#110&#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#101 &#115&#111&#109&#97&#116&#105&#99 side effects. This &#104&#121&#112&#111&#116&#104&#101&#115&#105&#115 &#105&#115 &#99&#111&#114&#114&#111&#98&#111&#114&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#98&#121 data from comprehensive field studies conducted in &#77&#101&#120&#105&#99&#111&#46&#13&#10&#73 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#104&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#105&#99 accounts including those described &#98&#101&#108&#111&#119 &#45 &#105&#110&#100&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101 &#97 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#108&#101&#100&#103&#101 of </p> </p> <p>ecialize in the study of Psilocybes, despite the fact that Psilocybe semilanceata is the most common and conspicuous species among the Psilocybes. Also, mushroom lovers whose interests are not purely scientific (see Chapter 7.4) do not usually preserve their knowledge for posterity in the form of distribution maps. However, there is one map from 1986, which shows the distribution pattern of Psilocybe semilanceata across Germany (see Figure 20, p. 28). Almost no published information is available about locations where Psilocybe species have been found in eastern Germany. During my own field trips, I have discovered Psilocybe semilanceata specimens in various locations, such as near my hometown of Mansfeld in the Vorharz Mountains, in the marshlands of Duben as well as in other eastern German marshland areas. In addition, friends who are also mycologists have told me about finding the mushrooms in other parts of the country. A book published in 1952 is among the rare sources that includes details about specimens discovered in the southeastern state of Saxony (see Figure 16, p. 23). The Psilocybe species grow most abundantly on wet pastures surrounded by forest areas. In my experience, Psilocybe semilanceata grows in most of Germany's forestlands. The species fruits during the fall, from late September through October. It favors acidic soil and grassy terrain alongside trails or around the edges of forest lands. Specimens are generally clustered in small groups of 30 mushrooms or less. Deer droppings or other animal feces are usually present at those locations, even though the mushrooms never grow directly on top of dung. Occasionally, extremely stunted specimens may be found in the mountains by the side of the road. The soil below older cow pastures provides an excellent medium for extensive mycelial growth. In some locations, large areas yield an abundance of fruiting bodies, mirroring the extent of mycelial saturation in the soil. Given adequate moisture, maximum yields can be expected, if the pasture was grazed at least once during the weeks before fruiting season. However, the mushrooms also thrive under similar conditions on horse and sheep pastures. Such grassy areas inside forests are usually grazing areas for deer, who provide the soil with additional fertilization. However, Psilocybe semilanceata does not grow in locations where artificial fertilizer has been used. Such pastures are often flanked by creeks or swamp lands, which saturate the soil with water. During the summertime, the warm climate in these wet areas provides an excellent environment for optimal mycelial growth. In Germany, the mushroom's habitat ranges from the coastal areas to mountainous regions, where the species has been found at altitudes of up to 1,720 m (5,160 ft) above sea level (MTB-8443, 1985). In the former Czechoslovakia, samples have been collected at altitudes ranging from 330 to 1,000 m (1,000 - As they <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magic+mushroom+grow+box.asp" title="Magic Mushroom Grow Box" alt="Magic Mushroom Grow Box" >Magic Mushroom Grow Box</a> say, ʼTis the season to be pickingʼ, but make It has been suggested by an Australian physician that the general public in Australia, as well as members of its drug using subculture, first became aware of the visionary properties of these psychoactive mushrooms by a visiting surfer(s), who came from either New Zealand or the United States (Hawaii) and most likely provided ethnomycological information to local surfers (McCarthy, 1971). This physician reported that the use of psychoactive mushrooms, as well as 21 other drugs "was well demonstrated during a survey on drug abuse that was conducted in Southern Queensland during l969." This survey relied on interviews of 51 people belonging to "the `surfer' subculture local beach resorts". In this report, the doctor believed that "although the survey involved surfers and their female friends, there is no suggestion that the use of these drugs is confined to this group, which constitutes but a proportion of our (Australian) young drug taking community." It is thus likely that word-of-mouth communication made a significant contribution to the increasing use of "magic mushrooms" in Australia and NZ. was followed by a very vivid sensation of the soul in flight, coupled with feelings of euphoria.When looking out the window into the dark night of a forest landscape, visions of strange patterns and formations occurred, which were deeply impressive and seemed to impart an inkling of eternity. At the end of four hours, the effects had dissipated without dysphoria or any type of somatic side effect. A control experiment for comparison purposes was performed using 0.8 g of dried Psilocybe semilanceata. The onset of symptoms was much more sudden, including a heavy flow of tears, so that there was an initial phase of anxiety. Only in a later phase of the experience was it possible to perceive ornaments in the form of "underwater streamers", and to appreciate the aesthetically enhanced nature of these visions. The regular pattern of. involuntary intoxications is a good indicator for the large scope of expansion of Inocybe aeruginascens into new habitats during the 1980s. For example, at the time of the initial intoxications - when the species was still restricted to a few easily quantifiable collections - the mushrooms had spread from Potsdam to the location known in 1982, and from there moved on to several other locations in the vicinity, where more than 150 mushrooms were found (see Figure 34). Symbiosis With Trees Starting in late May 1984, fruiting bodies of the species could be found in abundance at countless new locations across the Brandenburg region of Germany. They tend to grow near the roots of different deciduous trees (Populus, Tilia, Quercus, Betula), on lawns in parks and gardens, at the edges of trails and in the paved margin areas of tree-lined sidewalks (where they may even grow on bare, sandy soil) as well as amongst the greenery of residential areas in the suburbs and communities in and around Berlin. Herein lies the most marked difference between Inocybe aeruginascens and other European psychotropic mushroom species: Inocybe aeruginascens grows only in areas of human development. Their prime locations are in the middle of villages and towns, where they grow locally much like other Inocybe species. They may temporarily produce mass quantities of fruiting bodies, in those locations that are typical habitats for the edible varieties of the fairy ring mushroom. So far, the most abundant crop of fruiting bodies was observed in 1987, due to very wet weather conditions, which allowed the mushrooms to thrive. The following years were comparatively dry and the species hardly fruited at all. It wasn't until 1990 that a few mushrooms re-emerged at the classic location in Potsdam. Despite 1989 having been a bad year for mushrooms, it was the year when Inocybe aeruginascens was found for the first time at four locations in and around Rostock, a city located on the Eastern German coast, which is famous for its wet climate. Finding the mushrooms at these locations is evidence for a mu several members of a family eat &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#116&#111&#103&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#58 &#105&#116 is not &#117&#110&#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110 &#102&#111&#114 &#97 &#102&#97&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#109&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 children, uncles, and aunts to all participate in these &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#102&#111&#114&#109&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#105&#110&#100 that &#101&#108&#101&#118&#97&#116&#101 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115 &#111&#110&#116&#111 &#97 higher plan. &#84&#104&#101 &#107&#105&#110&#115&#104&#105&#112 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#115 &#116&#104&#117&#115 the basis of the &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#99&#101&#110&#100&#101&#110&#116&#97&#108 &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#105&#118&#105&#116&#121 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#72&#117&#115&#115&#101&#114&#108 said is &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#105&#118&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#109&#115&#101&#108&#118&#101&#115 are eaten in pairs, a couple representing man and &#119&#111&#109&#97&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#115&#121&#109&#98&#111&#108&#105&#122&#101&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#117&#97&#108 principle of procreation and creation. Then they sit &#116&#111&#103&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#105&#110&#110&#101&#114 light, dream &#97&#110&#100 &#114&#101&#97&#108&#105&#122&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#111&#110&#118&#101&#114&#115&#101 with each other, &#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#115&#101&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#116&#111&#103&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 their bodies immaterialized by the blackness, voices from without &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#117&#110&#97&#108&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#73&#110 &#97 general &#115&#101&#110&#115&#101&#44 &#102&#111&#114 &#101&#118&#101&#114&#121&#111&#110&#101 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#116 the &#112&#117&#114&#112&#111&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#101&#115&#115&#105&#111&#110 is a therapeutic catharsis. The chemicals of transformation of revelation that open the circuits of light, &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#117&#110&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#99&#97&#108&#108&#101&#100 by &#117&#115 &#109&#105&#110&#100&#45&#109&#97&#110&#105&#102&#101&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103&#44 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 to the American Indians as &#109&#101&#100&#105&#99&#105&#110&#101&#115&#58 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#101&#97&#110&#115 &#103&#105&#118&#101&#110 to men to &#107&#110&#111&#119 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#111 &#104&#101&#97&#108&#44 to see and to say the truth. Among the Mazatecs, many, one &#116&#105&#109&#101 &#111&#114 &#97&#110&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 lives, have eaten the mushrooms, &#119&#104&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#116&#111 &#99&#117&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#109&#115&#101&#108&#118&#101&#115 of an ailment or &#116&#111 &#114&#101&#115&#111&#108&#118&#101 &#97 &#112&#114&#111&#98&#108&#101&#109&#59 but it is not everyone who has a &#112&#114&#101&#100&#105&#108&#101&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#102&#111&#114 &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#101&#120&#116&#114&#101&#109&#101 and arduous experiences of the creative imagination or who would want to repeat such journeys into the strange, unknown depths of the brain very frequently: those who do are the shamans, the masters, &#119&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#118&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#116 &#105&#115 to eat the &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#98&#101&#99&#97&#117&#115&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#114&#101 the men of the spirit, the men of &#108&#97&#110&#103&#117&#97&#103&#101&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#101&#110 &#111&#102 wisdom. They are individuals recognized by their people to be &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#116 &#105&#110 &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108 adventures, and when the others eat the mushrooms they &#97&#108&#119&#97&#121&#115 &#99&#97&#108&#108 &#116&#111 &#98&#101 with them, as a guide, &#111&#110&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#119&#104&#111 is considered &#116&#111 &#98&#101 &#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#97&#99&#113&#117&#97&#105&#110&#116&#101&#100 with these modalities of &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#105&#114&#105&#116&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#109&#101&#100&#105&#99&#105&#110&#101 &#109&#97&#110 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#105&#100&#101&#115 over &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#101&#115&#115&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#102&#111&#114 &#106&#117&#115&#116 as the &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#101&#99 &#102&#97&#109&#105&#108&#121 &#105&#115 &#112&#97&#116&#101&#114&#110&#97&#108 and authoritarian, the liberating experience unfolds in the authoritarian context of a situation in which, rather &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#98&#101&#105&#110&#103 &#97&#108&#108&#111&#119&#101&#100 &#116&#111 speak or &#101&#110&#99&#111&#117&#114&#97&#103&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#101&#120&#112&#114&#101&#115&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#109&#115&#101&#108&#118&#101&#115&#44 everyone is enjoined to &#107&#101&#101&#112 &#115&#105&#108&#101&#110&#116 &#97&#110&#100 &#108&#105&#115&#116&#101&#110 &#119&#104&#105&#108&#101 the shaman speaks &#102&#111&#114 &#101&#97&#99&#104 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 who are present. As one &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#83&#112&#97&#110&#105&#115&#104 chroniclers of &#116&#104&#101 &#78&#101&#119 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100 &#115&#97&#105&#100&#58 "They pay a sorcerer who eats them the mushrooms] and &#116&#101&#108&#108&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#109 &#119&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101&#121 have taught him. He &#100&#111&#101&#115 &#115&#111 &#98&#121 &#109&#101&#97&#110&#115 of a rhythmic &#99&#104&#97&#110&#116 &#105&#110 &#102&#117&#108&#108 &#118&#111&#105&#99&#101&#46&#34&#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108 members of a family eat the mushrooms together: it is &#110&#111&#116 &#117&#110&#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110 &#102&#111&#114 &#97 father, mother, children, &#117&#110&#99&#108&#101&#115&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#117&#110&#116&#115 &#116&#111 all participate in these transformations of the mind that elevate consciousness onto a higher plan. The &#107&#105&#110&#115&#104&#105&#112 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#115 &#116&#104&#117&#115 the &#98&#97&#115&#105&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#99&#101&#110&#100&#101&#110&#116&#97&#108 subjectivity &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#72&#117&#115&#115&#101&#114&#108 &#115&#97&#105&#100 &#105&#115 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#105&#118&#105&#116&#121&#46 The mushrooms themselves &#97&#114&#101 &#101&#97&#116&#101&#110 &#105&#110 &#112&#97&#105&#114&#115&#44 a couple representing man and woman that symbolizes the dual principle of procreation and creation. Then they sit together in their inner light, dream and realize and converse with each other, presences seated there together, their bodies immaterialized by &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#110&#101&#115&#115&#44 &#118&#111&#105&#99&#101&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 without &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#117&#110&#97&#108&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#73&#110 &#97 general sense, for everyone present the purpose of the session &#105&#115 &#97 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#97&#112&#101&#117&#116&#105&#99 &#99&#97&#116&#104&#97&#114&#115&#105&#115&#46 The chemicals &#111&#102 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#102&#111&#114&#109&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#114&#101&#118&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 that open the circuits of light, vision, and communication, called by us mind-manifesting, were known to the American Indians as medicines: the means &#103&#105&#118&#101&#110 &#116&#111 &#109&#101&#110 &#116&#111 know and to heal, &#116&#111 &#115&#101&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#111 &#115&#97&#121 the truth. Among the &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#101&#99&#115&#44 &#109&#97&#110&#121&#44 &#111&#110&#101 &#116&#105&#109&#101 or another during &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#108&#105&#118&#101&#115&#44 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#101&#97&#116&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 mushrooms, whether to cure themselves of an ailment or to &#114&#101&#115&#111&#108&#118&#101 &#97 &#112&#114&#111&#98&#108&#101&#109&#59 &#98&#117&#116 it is not everyone who has a &#112&#114&#101&#100&#105&#108&#101&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#102&#111&#114 &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#101&#120&#116&#114&#101&#109&#101 and arduous experiences of the &#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#105&#109&#97&#103&#105&#110&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#114 &#119&#104&#111 would want to repeat such journeys &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#114&#97&#110&#103&#101&#44 &#117&#110&#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 depths of the brain very &#102&#114&#101&#113&#117&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121&#58 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#119&#104&#111 &#100&#111 &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101 shamans, the masters, whose vocation &#105&#116 &#105&#115 &#116&#111 &#101&#97&#116 the mushrooms because &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#101&#110 of the spirit, the men of language, the &#109&#101&#110 &#111&#102 &#119&#105&#115&#100&#111&#109&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#121 are individuals recognized by their people to be expert in such psychological &#97&#100&#118&#101&#110&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 others eat the mushrooms they always &#99&#97&#108&#108 &#116&#111 &#98&#101 &#119&#105&#116&#104 them, &#97&#115 &#97 &#103&#117&#105&#100&#101&#44 &#111&#110&#101 of those &#119&#104&#111 &#105&#115 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#111 be particularly acquainted with these modalities of the spirit. The &#109&#101&#100&#105&#99&#105&#110&#101 &#109&#97&#110 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#105&#100&#101&#115 &#111&#118&#101&#114 the session, for just as the &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#101&#99 &#102&#97&#109&#105&#108&#121 &#105&#115 &#112&#97&#116&#101&#114&#110&#97&#108 and authoritarian, the liberating experience unfolds &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#97&#117&#116&#104&#111&#114&#105&#116&#97&#114&#105&#97&#110 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#101&#120&#116 of a situation in which, rather than being allowed to speak &#111&#114 &#101&#110&#99&#111&#117&#114&#97&#103&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#101&#120&#112&#114&#101&#115&#115 themselves, everyone &#105&#115 &#101&#110&#106&#111&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#107&#101&#101&#112 silent and listen while the shaman speaks for &#101&#97&#99&#104 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#119&#104&#111 are present. &#65&#115 &#111&#110&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 early &#83&#112&#97&#110&#105&#115&#104 &#99&#104&#114&#111&#110&#105&#99&#108&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 New World said: &#34&#84&#104&#101&#121 &#112&#97&#121 &#97 &#115&#111&#114&#99&#101&#114&#101&#114 who eats them the mushrooms] &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#101&#108&#108&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#109 &#119&#104&#97&#116 they have taught him. He does so by means of a rhythmic chant in full voice."several members of a &#102&#97&#109&#105&#108&#121 &#101&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 together: &#105&#116 &#105&#115 &#110&#111&#116 &#117&#110&#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110 for a father, mother, children, &#117&#110&#99&#108&#101&#115&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#117&#110&#116&#115 &#116&#111 all participate &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#102&#111&#114&#109&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 mind that elevate consciousness &#111&#110&#116&#111 &#97 &#104&#105&#103&#104&#101&#114 &#112&#108&#97&#110&#46 The kinship relation is thus the basis of the transcendental subjectivity that Husserl &#115&#97&#105&#100 &#105&#115 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#105&#118&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#84&#104&#101 mushrooms themselves are eaten in pairs, a couple representing man and woman that symbolizes the &#100&#117&#97&#108 &#112&#114&#105&#110&#99&#105&#112&#108&#101 &#111&#102 &#112&#114&#111&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 and creation. Then they sit together in their inner light, dream &#97&#110&#100 &#114&#101&#97&#108&#105&#122&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#111&#110&#118&#101&#114&#115&#101 with each other, &#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#115&#101&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#116&#111&#103&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 their bodies immaterialized by the &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#110&#101&#115&#115&#44 &#118&#111&#105&#99&#101&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#119&#105&#116&#104&#111&#117&#116 their communality.<br> In a general &#115&#101&#110&#115&#101&#44 &#102&#111&#114 &#101&#118&#101&#114&#121&#111&#110&#101 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#116 the purpose of the session &#105&#115 &#97 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#97&#112&#101&#117&#116&#105&#99 &#99&#97&#116&#104&#97&#114&#115&#105&#115&#46 The &#99&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97&#108&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#102&#111&#114&#109&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 revelation that open &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#105&#114&#99&#117&#105&#116&#115 &#111&#102 &#108&#105&#103&#104&#116&#44 vision, and communication, &#99&#97&#108&#108&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#117&#115 &#109&#105&#110&#100&#45&#109&#97&#110&#105&#102&#101&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103&#44 were &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97&#110 Indians as medicines: the &#109&#101&#97&#110&#115 &#103&#105&#118&#101&#110 &#116&#111 &#109&#101&#110 to know &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#111 &#104&#101&#97&#108&#44 &#116&#111 see and to &#115&#97&#121 &#116&#104&#101 &#116&#114&#117&#116&#104&#46 &#65&#109&#111&#110&#103 the Mazatecs, &#109&#97&#110&#121&#44 &#111&#110&#101 &#116&#105&#109&#101 &#111&#114 another during their lives, &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#101&#97&#116&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#44 whether to cure themselves of an ailment &#111&#114 &#116&#111 &#114&#101&#115&#111&#108&#118&#101 &#97 problem; but it is not &#101&#118&#101&#114&#121&#111&#110&#101 &#119&#104&#111 &#104&#97&#115 &#97 predilection for such extreme &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#114&#100&#117&#111&#117&#115 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#111&#102 the creative imagination or who would want to repeat such &#106&#111&#117&#114&#110&#101&#121&#115 &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#114&#97&#110&#103&#101&#44 unknown depths of the brain very frequently: &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#119&#104&#111 &#100&#111 &#97&#114&#101 the &#115&#104&#97&#109&#97&#110&#115&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#115&#116&#101&#114&#115&#44 &#119&#104&#111&#115&#101 vocation it is to eat the mushrooms because they are the men of the spirit, the men of language, the &#109&#101&#110 &#111&#102 &#119&#105&#115&#100&#111&#109&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#121 are individuals recognized by their people to be expert in such psychological &#97&#100&#118&#101&#110&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 others eat &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#108&#119&#97&#121&#115 call to be with them, as a guide, one of those who is considered to be particularly acquainted with &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#111&#100&#97&#108&#105&#116&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 spirit. The medicine man presides over the session, for just as the Mazatec family is paternal and authoritarian, &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#105&#98&#101&#114&#97&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#117&#110&#102&#111&#108&#100&#115 in the &#97&#117&#116&#104&#111&#114&#105&#116&#97&#114&#105&#97&#110 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#101&#120&#116 &#111&#102 &#97 situation in which, &#114&#97&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#98&#101&#105&#110&#103 &#97&#108&#108&#111&#119&#101&#100 to speak or encouraged to express themselves, everyone &#105&#115 &#101&#110&#106&#111&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#107&#101&#101&#112 silent and listen while <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magic+mushroom+cow+shit+method.asp" title="Magic Mushroom Cow Shit Method" alt="Magic Mushroom Cow Shit Method" >Magic Mushroom Cow Shit Method</a> the &#115&#104&#97&#109&#97&#110 &#115&#112&#101&#97&#107&#115 &#102&#111&#114 &#101&#97&#99&#104 of those who are present.<br> As &#111&#110&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 Spanish chroniclers of &#116&#104&#101 &#78&#101&#119 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100 &#115&#97&#105&#100&#58 "They pay a sorcerer who eats them the mushrooms and tells them what &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#116&#97&#117&#103&#104&#116 &#104&#105&#109&#46 He &#100&#111&#101&#115 &#115&#111 &#98&#121 &#109&#101&#97&#110&#115 of a rhythmic chant in &#102&#117&#108&#108 &#118&#111&#105&#99&#101&#46&#34&#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#109&#101&#109&#98&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#102 a family eat the mushrooms together: it is &#110&#111&#116 &#117&#110&#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110 &#102&#111&#114 &#97 father, &#109&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#99&#104&#105&#108&#100&#114&#101&#110&#44 &#117&#110&#99&#108&#101&#115&#44 &#97&#110&#100 aunts to all &#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#105&#112&#97&#116&#101 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#102&#111&#114&#109&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 of the mind that elevate consciousness onto a higher plan. &#84&#104&#101 &#107&#105&#110&#115&#104&#105&#112 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#115 &#116&#104&#117&#115 the basis of the transcendental subjectivity that &#72&#117&#115&#115&#101&#114&#108 &#115&#97&#105&#100 &#105&#115 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#105&#118&#105&#116&#121&#46 The mushrooms themselves are eaten in &#112&#97&#105&#114&#115&#44 &#97 &#99&#111&#117&#112&#108&#101 &#114&#101&#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#116&#105&#110&#103 man and woman that symbolizes the &#100&#117&#97&#108 &#112&#114&#105&#110&#99&#105&#112&#108&#101 &#111&#102 &#112&#114&#111&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 and creation.<br> Then &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#115&#105&#116 &#116&#111&#103&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#105&#110 their inner light, &#100&#114&#101&#97&#109 &#97&#110&#100 &#114&#101&#97&#108&#105&#122&#101 &#97&#110&#100 converse with &#101&#97&#99&#104 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#115&#101&#97&#116&#101&#100 there together, their bodies immaterialized by the blackness, voices &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#119&#105&#116&#104&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#117&#110&#97&#108&#105&#116&#121&#46 In &#97 &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#115&#101&#110&#115&#101&#44 &#102&#111&#114 everyone present the purpose &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#101&#115&#115&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#115 &#97 therapeutic &#99&#97&#116&#104&#97&#114&#115&#105&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#99&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97&#108&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#102&#111&#114&#109&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 revelation that open the circuits of light, vision, and communication, called by &#117&#115 &#109&#105&#110&#100&#45&#109&#97&#110&#105&#102&#101&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103&#44 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 to the American Indians &#97&#115 &#109&#101&#100&#105&#99&#105&#110&#101&#115&#58 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#101&#97&#110&#115 given to &#109&#101&#110 &#116&#111 &#107&#110&#111&#119 &#97&#110&#100 to heal, to see and to say &#116&#104&#101 &#116&#114&#117&#116&#104&#46 &#65&#109&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 Mazatecs, many, one time or another during their lives, have &#101&#97&#116&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#44 &#119&#104&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114 to cure themselves of an ailment &#111&#114 &#116&#111 &#114&#101&#115&#111&#108&#118&#101 &#97 problem; but &#105&#116 &#105&#115 &#110&#111&#116 &#101&#118&#101&#114&#121&#111&#110&#101 who has &#97 &#112&#114&#101&#100&#105&#108&#101&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#102&#111&#114 &#115&#117&#99&#104 extreme and arduous experiences of the creative imagination or who would want to repeat such &#106&#111&#117&#114&#110&#101&#121&#115 &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#114&#97&#110&#103&#101&#44 unknown depths of &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#114&#97&#105&#110 &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#102&#114&#101&#113&#117&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121&#58 those who do are the shamans, the &#109&#97&#115&#116&#101&#114&#115&#44 &#119&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#118&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#116 is to eat the mushrooms because they are the men &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#105&#114&#105&#116&#44 &#116&#104&#101 men of &#108&#97&#110&#103&#117&#97&#103&#101&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#101&#110 &#111&#102 wisdom. They are individuals recognized &#98&#121 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#112&#101&#111&#112&#108&#101 &#116&#111 &#98&#101 expert in such psychological adventures, and when &#116&#104&#101 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#115 &#101&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 mushrooms &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#108&#119&#97&#121&#115 &#99&#97&#108&#108 &#116&#111 be with them, as a guide, one of those &#119&#104&#111 &#105&#115 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#98&#101 particularly acquainted with these &#109&#111&#100&#97&#108&#105&#116&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#105&#114&#105&#116&#46 The medicine man &#112&#114&#101&#115&#105&#100&#101&#115 &#111&#118&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#101&#115&#115&#105&#111&#110&#44 for just as &#116&#104&#101 &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#101&#99 &#102&#97&#109&#105&#108&#121 &#105&#115 paternal and authoritarian, the liberating experience unfolds in the authoritarian context of a &#115&#105&#116&#117&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#110 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104&#44 &#114&#97&#116&#104&#101&#114 than being allowed to speak or encouraged to express themselves, everyone is enjoined to keep silent and listen while the shaman speaks for each of those who are present.<br> &#65&#115 &#111&#110&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 early Spanish chroniclers of the New World &#115&#97&#105&#100&#58 &#34&#84&#104&#101&#121 &#112&#97&#121 &#97 sorcerer who eats &#116&#104&#101&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#110&#100 tells them what they have taught &#104&#105&#109&#46 &#72&#101 &#100&#111&#101&#115 &#115&#111 by means of &#97 &#114&#104&#121&#116&#104&#109&#105&#99 &#99&#104&#97&#110&#116 &#105&#110 full voice." and familiarity with psychotropic mushrooms &#105&#110&#13&#10&#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#105&#115 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121 &#100&#101&#114&#105&#118&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109 usage of Psilocybes and related species, rather than experience with Amanita muscaria. However, &#105&#116 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#101&#120&#116&#114&#101&#109&#101&#108&#121 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#105&#99&#117&#108&#116 &#116&#111 reject or confirm this hypothesis, due to the lack of &#99&#111&#110&#99&#108&#117&#115&#105&#118&#101 &#100&#97&#116&#97&#13&#10&#97&#118&#97&#105&#108&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#102&#111&#114 &#97&#110&#97&#108&#121&#115&#105&#115 &#116&#111&#100&#97&#121&#46&#13&#10&#66&#119&#121&#100 Ellylon: &#65 &#70&#101&#97&#115&#116 &#111&#102 &#70&#97&#105&#114&#105&#101&#115 in Celebration of the Spirit World Tales of ritualistic mushroom usage have found their way &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#114&#101&#97&#108&#109 &#111&#102 myths and legends. For instance, one legend describes &#97&#13&#10&#112&#101&#99&#117&#108&#105&#97&#114 &#112&#111&#105&#115&#111&#110&#111&#117&#115 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#105&#110 Wales (British Isles) with the strange name of Bwyd Ellylon, which was considered a delicacy by fairies feasting in &#99&#101&#108&#101&#98&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#105&#114&#105&#116 &#119&#111&#114&#108&#100&#46 Psilocybe semilanceata &#105&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#105&#109&#112&#111&#114&#116&#97&#110&#116 psilocybincontaining mushroom in Europe and it thrives in parts of Great Britain, where the &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#115&#13&#10&#97&#98&#117&#110&#100&#97&#110&#116&#108&#121 &#97&#108&#108 &#97&#99&#114&#111&#115&#115 the Welsh &#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#114&#121&#115&#105&#100&#101 &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#102&#97&#108&#108 &#115&#101&#97&#115&#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#73 &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 like to thank G. &#83&#97&#109&#111&#114&#105&#110&#105 &#102&#111&#114&#13&#10&#112&#111&#105&#110&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#97&#116 the Inquisition &#119&#97&#115 &#117&#110&#117&#115&#117&#97&#108&#108&#121&#13&#10&#99&#114&#117&#101&#108 &#97&#110&#100 &#118&#105&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115 in the &#65&#108&#112&#105&#110&#101 &#118&#97&#108&#108&#101&#121&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#86&#97&#108&#99&#97&#109&#111&#110&#105&#99&#97&#44 &#86&#97&#108&#116&#114&#111&#109&#112&#105&#97 and Valtellina (located in the provinces of Brescia &#97&#110&#100 &#83&#97&#110&#100&#114&#105&#111 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#78&#111&#114&#116&#104&#101&#114&#110 &#73&#116&#97&#108&#121&#41&#46 Many books &#99&#104&#114&#111&#110&#105&#99&#108&#101 &#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#108&#101&#115&#115&#13&#10&#119&#105&#116&#99&#104 &#98&#117&#114&#110&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#116 region, &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#13&#10&#101&#109&#112&#104&#97&#115&#105&#115 &#111&#110 &#116&#104&#101 witches' meetings &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#34&#77&#111&#110&#116&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#108 &#84&#111&#110&#97&#108&#101&#34&#44 located at an altitude of 2000 m (ca.<br> 6,000 &#102&#116&#41&#46 &#70&#105&#101&#108&#100 &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104 &#104&#97&#115 shown &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#112&#108&#97&#110&#116&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#110&#105&#103&#104&#116&#115&#104&#97&#100&#101 family ("witching herbs") <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/hydroponics+shrooms.asp" title="Hydroponics Shrooms" alt="Hydroponics Shrooms" >Hydroponics Shrooms</a> do not grow at &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#97&#108&#116&#105&#116&#117&#100&#101&#59 &#101&#118&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 fly agaric &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#13&#10&#105&#115 &#114&#97&#114&#101&#108&#121 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101&#46 By &#99&#111&#110&#116&#114&#97&#115&#116&#44 &#112&#97&#115&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101&#97 abound with Psilocybe semilanceata during the fall. Given this historical context, it would seem likely that Psilocybe semilanceata played an important role as a psychotropic agent in the region (see Figure 58, Chapter &#55&#46&#52&#41&#46&#13&#10&#73&#110 &#108&#105&#103&#104&#116 &#111&#102 &#109&#101&#100&#105&#101&#118&#97&#108 accounts describing the &#112&#114&#97&#99&#116&#105&#99&#101 &#111&#102 &#119&#105&#116&#99&#104&#99&#114&#97&#102&#116&#44 &#105&#116 is interesting to note that a &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#115&#101&#110&#115&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#102&#108&#121&#105&#110&#103 or levitation is among the commonly reported effects of psilocybin intoxication. Berserk Rage of Nordic Warriors In the course of the ideological power struggle between Christianity &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#114&#101&#109&#110&#97&#110&#116&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#112&#97&#103&#97&#110 religions &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#119&#111&#114&#115&#104&#105&#112&#112&#101&#100 &#78&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101&#44 &#109&#97&#110&#121&#13&#10&#115&#111&#117&#114&#99&#101&#115 &#111&#102 knowledge were lost. The aggressive repression and eradication of pre-Christian customs all but destroyed the continuity of Europe's &#111&#114&#105&#103&#105&#110&#97&#108 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108 &#104&#101&#114&#105&#116&#97&#103&#101&#44 &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#119&#105&#116&#104&#13&#10&#109&#117&#99&#104 historic &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#100&#111&#99&#117&#109&#101&#110&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108&#13&#10&#112&#114&#97&#99&#116&#105&#99&#101&#115&#44 &#105&#110&#99&#108&#117&#100&#105&#110&#103 the usage of plants and mushrooms &#102&#111&#114 &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#111&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#101&#109&#112&#111&#114&#97&#114&#121&#13&#10&#97&#108&#116&#101&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 of &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#46&#13&#10&#83&#111&#109&#101 &#97&#117&#116&#104&#111&#114&#115 &#119&#101&#110&#116 &#115&#111 far as to blame the fly agaric mushroom for proverbial fits of "berserk rage" &#97&#116&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#78&#111&#114&#100&#105&#99 &#119&#97&#114&#114&#105&#111&#114&#115&#46 Many accounts detailing this phenomenon allude to a "deception of the eyes" (i.e. visual hallucinations). After the Nordic legal system &#98&#97&#110&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#114&#97&#99&#116&#105&#99&#101 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#34&#103&#111&#105&#110&#103 <H1> mushrooms with bronze caps</H1> &#98&#101&#114&#115&#101&#114&#107&#34&#44 &#105&#116 disappeared &#113&#117&#105&#116&#101 &#115&#117&#100&#100&#101&#110&#108&#121&#13&#10&#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 &#49&#50&#116&#104 century. &#65&#116 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#97&#109&#101 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#44&#13&#10&#83&#97&#120&#111 &#71&#114&#97&#109&#109&#97&#116&#105&#99&#117&#115 speculated &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#66&#101&#114&#115&#101&#114&#107&#101&#114&#115&#13&#10&#109&#97&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 used mag ulinary mushroom bears no resemblance, either in size or form, to Inocybe aeruginascens. Overall, however, these unfortunate cases have also contributed to our understanding of mushroom biochemistry. In this context, I want to emphasize once more that the hallucinogenic varieties among the Inocybes can easily be mistaken for those muscarine-producing Inocybe species that are extremely poisonous. As part of his investigation of the Psilocybe genus, Guzman noted a common trait among the hallucinogenic species, in addition to the bluing reaction: a flour-like smell or taste. Apart from the inherent subjective nature of our sense of smell and taste, a common odor is a trait that definitely does not apply to the European species (also see Chapter 3.2). Mycophile or Mycophobe? There are reports from the Western United States about people with expert knowledge of Psilocybe semilanceata - devoted mushroom hunters who can identify the species with drill and accuracy. At the same time, however, these experts cannot identify easily spotted common table mushrooms, nor are they able to differentiate the Agaricus species (champignons) from other mushrooms, even when these species grow on the same pasture. Such individuals, then, are not interested in species other than Psilocybe semilanceata. In my opinion, this attitude reflects a rare combination of mycophilia and mycophobia. A mushroom's spore dust provides important information needed to determine identity. A spore print is left by the gills when the cap is placed on black or white paper (depending on spore color). As the process takes several hours, a glass vessel must be placed over the cap to prevent drying. While useful, information obtained from spore analyses has its limitations, For instance, spores derived from mushrooms belonging to different genera may have the same color, but reveal basic differences under the microscope. There is also a high degree of similarity among spores from different Psilocybe species. Thus, the only way to prevent grave errors and potentially deadly intoxications is to rely on experienced experts for mushroom identification, a process that must include analysis of available ecological data. CHAPTER 5 THE BLUING PHENOMENON AND METOL TESTING: REALITY VS. WISHFUL THINKING As previously discussed in Chapters 3.1 and 3.7, the bluing reaction is characteristic of species that produce psilocybin. Still, for unknown reasons, some species or samples belonging to a genus that usually turns blue may not always change color, regardless of psilocybin content. Among the species that I have examined, Psilocybe bohemica displayed the most impressive bluing reaction. The caps of this species stain very quickly in reaction to pressure. Other species, such as Psilocybe cubensis (Earle) Sing. have stems that develop very intensely blue stains, while their caps do not exhibit the bluing reaction. By contrast, Psilocybe </p> </div> <div id="footer"> <div class="left"> <a href="/ buy shrooms.html" class="doNotPrint">Articles</a><br /> <a href="/ Psychoactive.html" class="doNotPrint"> cartoon shrooms</a> </div> <br class="doNotDisplay doNotPrint" /> <div class="right"> copyright © 2006 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magic+mushroom+psychedelic+pictures+nz.asp" title="Psychedelic Mushroom Pictures Pictures Magic" alt="Psychedelic Mushroom Pictures Pictures Magic" >Psychedelic Mushroom Pictures Pictures Magic</a><br /> design by <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magicmushroomcowshitmethod.asp" title="Magicmushroomcowshitmethod" alt="Magicmushroomcowshitmethod" >Magicmushroomcowshitmethod</a> </div></div> </body>