Liberty Cap Mushrooms Cow Pasture :: mushroomstore.biz

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<a href="http://validator.w3.org/check/referer">XHTML</a> and <a href="http://jigsaw.w3.org/css-validator/check/referer">CSS</a> of this page. </span> </div> </div> <div id="main-copy"> <h1 id="introduction">liberty caps shrooms</h1> <p><img border="3" src="/images/Goldtop-Mushroom-Magic-Mushrooms-In-England.jpg" alt=" Fresh Magic Mushroom "> <div <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/shroomcowfungus.php" title="Shroomcowfungus" alt="Shroomcowfungus" >Shroomcowfungus</a> align="justify"> This <H2>psilocybin location USA</H2> &#100&#111&#99&#117&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#112&#114&#111&#118&#105&#100&#101&#115 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101 <b>psilocybin location USA</b> &#100&#105&#114&#101&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#102&#111&#114 cultivating psilocybin </div> Most recreational users of Psilocybe &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#40&#119&#104&#101&#110 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 vitro) require a dosage of 1 to 2 gm of dried mushrooms to produce an altered state of consciousness; a clinical dosage &#102&#111&#114 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115&#44 &#111&#110 the other &#104&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#104&#97&#100 &#112&#114&#101&#118&#105&#111&#117&#115&#108&#121 &#98&#101&#101&#110 reported as ranging from 3 to 5 gm of dried material.<br> This dosage &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#98&#101 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#97&#114&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#116&#111 the amount of &#102&#117&#110&#103&#97&#108 &#109&#97&#116&#101&#114&#105&#97&#108 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#117&#109&#101&#100 &#102&#111&#114 religious purposes in a Mazatec Indian healing and curing ceremony. In 1982, one research team "found that the level of psilocybin and &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#105&#110 &#118&#97&#114&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#118&#101&#114 &#97 &#102&#97&#99&#116&#111&#114 of 4 among various in vitro &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#108&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#109&#101&#110&#115 from outdoors varied &#116&#101&#110&#102&#111&#108&#100&#46&#34 &#65 &#102&#114&#101&#115&#104 &#100&#111&#115&#97&#103&#101 &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 cubensis in &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#98&#101 &#97&#112&#112&#114&#111&#120&#105&#109&#97&#116&#101&#108&#121 from 1 to &#50 &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#101&#105&#103&#104&#105&#110&#103 up to as much as one &#102&#114&#101&#115&#104 &#111&#117&#110&#99&#101&#44 &#111&#114 &#97&#115 many <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/semilanceataspores.php" title="Semilanceataspores" alt="Semilanceataspores" >Semilanceataspores</a> as from 25 to &#53&#48 &#115&#109&#97&#108&#108 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#101&#113&#117&#97&#108&#105&#110&#103 the same weight &#97&#109&#111&#117&#110&#116&#46 &#69&#116&#104&#110&#111&#112&#104&#97&#114&#109&#97&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116 &#74&#111&#110&#97&#116&#104&#97&#110 &#79&#116&#116 (1976, 1993) noted that he &#104&#97&#115 &#111&#98&#115&#101&#114&#118&#101&#100 &#34&#116&#104&#101 &#105&#110&#103&#101&#115&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 from &#48&#46&#53 &#103&#109 &#116&#111 &#53&#46&#57 gm dried weight (10 &#103&#109 &#116&#111 &#52&#48 &#103&#109 fresh)", of various species of Psilocybe.<br> Dosage for Psilocybe &#115&#117&#98&#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#98&#101 &#116&#104&#101 same as for Psilocybe cubensis. Both of these latter two species are macroscopically alike. The usual dosage for Copelandia cyanescens required &#116&#111 &#105&#110&#100&#117&#99&#101 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#101&#100&#101&#108&#105&#99 &#118&#105&#115&#117&#97&#108 &#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115 ranges from 1 to &#51 &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#109&#101&#110&#115 &#40&#99&#97&#112 diameter c. 5 mm), or as &#109&#97&#110&#121 &#97&#115 &#53 &#116&#111 &#108&#48 &#109&#101&#100&#105&#117&#109&#45&#115&#105&#122&#101&#100 mushrooms (cap diameter c. 2.5 mm); however, personal tolerance to this species &#109&#97&#121 &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#117&#101&#100 use, and some who &#99&#111&#110&#115&#117&#109&#101 &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101 &#97&#109&#111&#117&#110&#116&#115 &#111&#102 this &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100&#108&#121 &#105&#110&#103&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100 as &#109&#97&#110&#121 &#97&#115 &#53&#48 &#116&#111 200 fresh specimens of <b>magic mushroom spores</b> various sizes. More than half of Australia's beef cattle can be found in the coastal areas of Queensland and New South Wales; and the 20 to 30 inch (500-750mm) rainfall belt of Queensland, New South Wales and Northern Victoria, generally provide adequate climatic environments for the growth of psilocybian mushrooms, especially after heavy rains. It has been suggested that "Psilocybe cubensis was introduced into Australia accidentally by early settlers along with their livestock." This same spore dispersal mechanism also probably applies to Copelandia cyanescens, Panaeolus subbalteatus and several additional species known to occur in or around the dung of other ruminants. This includes Psilocybe semilanceata and the non-hallucinogenic "haymaker's" mushroom Panaeolina foenisecii. While cattle are raised in all Australian states, as well as in the central lowlands, recreational users have been known to export these psychoptic species to various areas in Australia from areas where they were collected. In the case of New Zealand, hereafter referred to as NZ, cattle are the primary source for Copelandia cyanescens, but the "liberty cap" mushroom Psilocybe semilanceata only grows in the manured soil of four-legged ruminants and not directly from manure (Jansen, Pers. Comm., 1988). The identification section of this guide documents reported locations for more than 1 dozen species of psilocybian mushrooms in Australia and NZ which most likely have been used at one time or another for recreational purposes. <p align="center"> It has been <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/psilocybe+pelliculosa/state+altering+brews+using+plant+alkaloids.php" title="Plant Brews Plant Pelliculosa Pelliculosa Using Brews Psilocybe" alt="Plant Brews Plant Pelliculosa Pelliculosa Using Brews Psilocybe" >Plant Brews Plant Pelliculosa Pelliculosa Using Brews Psilocybe</a> &#115&#117&#103&#103&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#97&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110 physician that the general public in Australia, as well as &#109&#101&#109&#98&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#102 &#105&#116&#115 &#100&#114&#117&#103 using subculture, </p> &#73&#110 &#97&#100&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#109&#97&#110&#121 early users of "magic mushrooms" in Australia may &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#98&#101&#99&#111&#109&#101 &#97&#119&#97&#114&#101 of their mind-altering and visionary &#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115 &#98&#121 &#114&#101&#97&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 published literature or the many news items appearing &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#111&#112&#117&#108&#97&#114 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110 press &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#97&#116&#101 &#108&#57&#54&#48&#39&#115 and &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#108&#57&#55&#48&#39&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#110&#101&#119&#115 items often &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101&#100 &#98&#111&#116&#104 &#97&#99&#99&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116&#97&#108 &#97&#110&#100 deliberate &#105&#110&#116&#111&#120&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#39&#115 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#114&#101&#115&#117&#108&#116&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109 the ingestion of several varieties of "magic mushrooms". For example, in 1972, one local newspaper report provided an &#97&#99&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116 &#114&#101&#103&#97&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 &#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 these &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#98&#121 &#121&#111&#117&#110&#103 &#116&#101&#101&#110&#97&#103&#101&#114&#115 at a local high &#115&#99&#104&#111&#111&#108 &#105&#110 &#66&#114&#105&#115&#98&#97&#110&#101&#58 &#34&#46&#46&#46&#99&#104&#105&#108&#100&#114&#101&#110 at a suburban &#115&#99&#104&#111&#111&#108 &#97&#114&#101 &#103&#101&#116&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#104&#105&#103&#104 on mushrooms called &#39&#71&#111&#108&#100 &#84&#111&#112&#115&#46&#39 &#84&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 are common along the &#66&#114&#105&#115&#98&#97&#110&#101 &#82&#105&#118&#101&#114 &#110&#101&#97&#114 &#84&#111&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 High School, and children in search of `kicks' have &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#109&#101&#110&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101&#109 (Unsigned, &#49&#57&#55&#50&#41&#46&#34 &#73&#116 &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#98&#101 very obvious to anyone who &#114&#101&#97&#100 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#97&#98&#111&#118&#101 &#109&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110&#101&#100 news item, when it appeared in print, that those searching for hallucinogenic &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#98&#101 &#97&#98&#108&#101 &#116&#111 find them &#105&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#115&#111 &#100&#101&#115&#105&#114&#101&#100&#46 There is yet another &#102&#97&#99&#116&#111&#114 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#109&#97&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 played a significant role in promoting interest in the use of psychoactive &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#90&#46 Some drug users &#111&#114 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#108&#105&#99 &#105&#110&#100&#105&#118&#105&#100&#117&#97&#108&#115 &#109&#97&#121 have read or heard of &#82&#46 &#71&#111&#114&#100&#111&#110 &#87&#97&#115&#115&#111&#110&#39&#115 &#112&#101&#114&#115&#111&#110&#97&#108 account of his adventurous rediscovery of an hallucinogenic mushroom cult &#97&#109&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#101&#99 &#73&#110&#100&#105&#97&#110&#115 of Southern Mexico.<br> Dr. Wasson reported the ceremonial use of &#99&#101&#114&#116&#97&#105&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#115 &#100&#105&#118&#105&#110&#97&#116&#111&#114&#121 substances among the Mazatecs and other native peoples in Oaxaca, Mexico &#40&#115&#101&#101 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/hillucinationmushroomsoncowpoop.php" title="Hillucinationmushroomsoncowpoop" alt="Hillucinationmushroomsoncowpoop" >Hillucinationmushroomsoncowpoop</a> &#87&#97&#115&#115&#111&#110&#44 &#49&#57&#53&#55&#41&#46 &#84&#104&#105&#115 journalistic report of Wasson's research expedition appeared in an international edition of Life Magazine in &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#97&#116&#101 &#108&#57&#53&#48&#39&#115&#44 &#112&#114&#111&#118&#105&#100&#105&#110&#103 many drug users and others with <H3>Psychedelic Mushrooms Growing Kits Review</H3> the incentive &#116&#111 &#115&#101&#101&#107 &#111&#117&#116&#44 &#102&#105&#110&#100&#44 and eventually experiment with these mushrooms. a have been reported &#102&#114&#111&#109&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#114&#105&#101&#115&#58 &#70&#105&#110&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 Norway, Sweden, Denmark, &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#44 &#83&#119&#105&#116&#122&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44&#13&#10&#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#44 &#84&#104&#101 &#78&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115&#44 Belgium, France, Russia, Poland, &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#101&#114 &#67&#122&#101&#99&#104&#111&#115&#108&#111&#118&#97&#107&#105&#97&#44&#13&#10&#72&#117&#110&#103&#97&#114&#121&#44 &#82&#111&#109&#97&#110&#105&#97&#44 Scotland, &#69&#110&#103&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#87&#97&#108&#101&#115&#44&#13&#10&#73&#116&#97&#108&#121 &#97&#110&#100 &#83&#112&#97&#105&#110&#46&#13&#10&#85&#110&#102&#111&#114&#116&#117&#110&#97&#116&#101&#108&#121&#44 there are no comprehensive maps detailing &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#39&#115&#13&#10&#100&#105&#115&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#112&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114&#110&#46 &#84&#114&#97&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 mycologists have often neglected relatively tiny species, such as Psilocybe semilanceata, that tend to share their habitats with other, more prominent species. The sarcastic phrase "The mushrooms occur in abundance wherever mycologists &#97&#98&#111&#117&#110&#100&#34 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#112&#101&#114&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 &#105&#110 reference to the Psilocybe species.<br> Prior to the discovery of psilocybin, the Psilocybe genus languished in the literature, shrouded in &#111&#98&#115&#99&#117&#114&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#84&#111 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#100&#97&#121&#44 few 189. Psilocybe semilanceata &#70&#114&#46 &#91&#87&#111&#114&#116&#104&#108&#101&#115&#115&#93&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 uniformly conic to bell-shaped, with a pointy or obtuse center forming an almost wart-like protrusion; initially, caps are often taller &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#114&#101 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#44 margins are bent and curved inward; &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#111&#110&#44 &#119&#105&#100&#116&#104 &#111&#102 &#99&#97&#112 is 1.5-4 cm. Hygrophanous; &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#105&#115 &#97 &#100&#105&#114&#116&#121&#105&#115&#104 &#111&#108&#105&#118&#101&#45&#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 when &#119&#101&#116&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#117&#99&#101&#110&#116 &#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#116&#101 margins; at &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44&#13&#10&#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#115 &#111&#99&#104&#101&#114 or greenish-yellow &#97&#103&#97&#105&#110&#115&#116 &#97&#110 &#111&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108&#108 &#115&#104&#97&#100&#101 of smudgy pale yellow and oftentimes &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#105&#115&#104 &#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#59 &#111&#110&#108&#121 the margins are banded by a darkcolored, watery stripe around the edge. No stripes or banding evident &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101&#108&#121&#13&#10&#100&#114&#105&#101&#100&#46 Lacking a veil, caps &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#105&#110&#45&#102&#108&#101&#115&#104&#101&#100&#44 &#98&#97&#108&#100&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 an easily separable &#112&#101&#108&#108&#105&#99&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#115 &#103&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#110&#111&#117&#115&#45&#115&#116&#105&#99&#107&#121 &#102&#111&#114 a long &#116&#105&#109&#101&#44 &#116&#117&#114&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#104&#105&#110&#121 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#100&#114&#121&#46&#13&#10&#71&#105&#108&#108&#115 are olive &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 brown &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101 edges often remaining white, gill &#115&#112&#97&#99&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#115 &#113&#117&#105&#116&#101 &#99&#114&#111&#119&#100&#101&#100&#59 gill attachment is either roughly linear or mostly &#97&#100&#110&#101&#120&#101&#100&#59 &#117&#112 &#116&#111 &#51&#46&#53 &#109&#109 wide; &#97&#116&#116&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#101&#109 only, fully detached later on. Spores are &#101&#108&#111&#110&#103&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#101&#108&#108&#105&#112&#105&#116&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#105&#110 shape, &#115&#109&#111&#111&#116&#104 &#97&#110&#100 &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101&#44 &#109&#101&#97&#115&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 12-16 u by 6-8,u. Color of spore dust is blackish &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#116&#101&#109 &#105&#115 &#118&#101&#114&#121 slender, almost uniformly &#116&#104&#105&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#108&#119&#97&#121&#115 &#116&#119&#105&#115&#116&#101&#100&#44 6-12 cm long and 1.25-2 &#109&#109 &#116&#104&#105&#99&#107&#44 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#115&#104 &#111&#114 whitish in &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#59 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 pressure &#100&#101&#118&#101&#108&#111&#112 &#98&#108&#117&#105&#115&#104&#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#13&#10&#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#46 &#83&#116&#101&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#101 silky smooth and roughly at the center, cortinate fibrils appear like remnants of a veil, &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#105&#115 &#98&#114&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#97&#110&#100 lined with a white fibrous cord of &#119&#111&#111&#108&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#116&#101&#120&#116&#117&#114&#101&#46&#13&#10&#87&#104&#101&#110 &#100&#114&#121&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 of &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100 &#112&#97&#108&#101 yellow, while the stem's &#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#111&#99&#104&#101&#114 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 color, especially towards the &#98&#111&#116&#116&#111&#109&#46 &#73&#116 &#105&#115 &#111&#100&#111&#114&#108&#101&#115&#115 and its flavor is mild.<br> The mushroom &#103&#114&#111&#119&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#65&#117&#103&#117&#115&#116 &#116&#111 October, &#102&#114&#101&#113&#117&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121 &#105&#110 &#103&#114&#101&#103&#97&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#99&#108&#117&#115&#116&#101&#114&#115&#44 and can be found &#105&#110 &#112&#97&#115&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 roadways, growing on dung that has undergone complete decomposition. It is not a particularly rare &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#49&#49&#40&#97&#98&#111&#118&#101&#41 &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#101&#120&#99&#101&#108&#108&#101&#110&#116 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#112&#116&#105&#111&#110 of Psilocybe &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#98&#121 &#77&#105&#99&#104&#97&#101&#108 &#38 Schulz (1927) is shown here as originally published in German, with an English translation. Mycologists spa <b>Eminems</b> have been reported from the following countries: Finland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, &#83&#119&#105&#116&#122&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44&#13&#10&#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#44 &#84&#104&#101 &#78&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115&#44 &#66&#101&#108&#103&#105&#117&#109&#44 France, Russia, Poland, &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#101&#114 &#67&#122&#101&#99&#104&#111&#115&#108&#111&#118&#97&#107&#105&#97&#44&#13&#10&#72&#117&#110&#103&#97&#114&#121&#44 &#82&#111&#109&#97&#110&#105&#97&#44 Scotland, England, Wales, Italy and Spain. Unfortunately, there &#97&#114&#101 &#110&#111 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#114&#101&#104&#101&#110&#115&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#109&#97&#112&#115 &#100&#101&#116&#97&#105&#108&#105&#110&#103 the species's distribution pattern. Traditionally, mycologists have often neglected relatively tiny species, such as &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#44 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#101&#110&#100 &#116&#111 share their habitats with other, more prominent species.<br> The sarcastic phrase "The mushrooms occur &#105&#110&#13&#10&#97&#98&#117&#110&#100&#97&#110&#99&#101 &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101&#118&#101&#114 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#110&#100&#34 is particularly pertinent in reference to the Psilocybe species. Prior to the discovery of psilocybin, the Psilocybe &#103&#101&#110&#117&#115 &#108&#97&#110&#103&#117&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 literature, shrouded in obscurity. &#84&#111 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#100&#97&#121&#44 &#102&#101&#119&#13&#10&#49&#56&#57&#46 Psilocybe semilanceata Fr. Worthless] The cap is uniformly conic &#116&#111 &#98&#101&#108&#108&#45&#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#100&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97 pointy or obtuse center forming an almost wart-like protrusion; initially, caps &#97&#114&#101 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#116&#97&#108&#108&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#97&#110 they are wide, margins are bent and curved inward; later on, width of &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 &#49&#46&#53&#45&#52 &#99&#109&#46 Hygrophanous; coloration is a dirtyish olive-brown when wet, with translucent striate margins; at the &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44&#13&#10&#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#115 &#111&#99&#104&#101&#114 &#111&#114 greenish-yellow against an overall shade of smudgy pale yellow and oftentimes some greenish stains; only &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#98&#97&#110&#100&#101&#100 by a darkcolored, watery stripe around the &#101&#100&#103&#101&#46 &#78&#111 &#115&#116&#114&#105&#112&#101&#115 &#111&#114 banding evident when mushrooms are completely dried. Lacking a veil, caps &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#105&#110&#45&#102&#108&#101&#115&#104&#101&#100&#44 &#98&#97&#108&#100&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 an easily separable pellicle that remains gelatinous-sticky for a long time, turning &#115&#104&#105&#110&#121 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#100&#114&#121&#46&#13&#10&#71&#105&#108&#108&#115 &#97&#114&#101 olive brown to blackish purple brown &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101 edges often remaining &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101&#44 &#103&#105&#108&#108 &#115&#112&#97&#99&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#115 quite crowded; gill &#97&#116&#116&#97&#99&#104&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#105&#115 &#101&#105&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 linear or mostly adnexed; up to 3.5 mm wide; attached at the stem only, fully &#100&#101&#116&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#101&#108&#111&#110&#103&#97&#116&#101&#100 to ellipitical in shape, smooth and large, measuring 12-16 u by &#54&#45&#56&#44&#117&#46 &#67&#111&#108&#111&#114 &#111&#102 &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101 dust is blackish purple brown. Stem is very slender, almost uniformly thin and always twisted, 6-12 cm long and 1.<br>25-2 mm thick, &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#115&#104 &#111&#114 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#105&#115&#104 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#59 areas &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#117&#114&#101 &#100&#101&#118&#101&#108&#111&#112 bluishgreen stains.<br> Stems are silky smooth &#97&#110&#100 &#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 center, &#99&#111&#114&#116&#105&#110&#97&#116&#101 &#102&#105&#98&#114&#105&#108&#115 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#110&#97&#110&#116&#115 of a veil, which is brittle and lined with a white fibrous cord of wool-like texture.<br> When dry, the flesh of the cap is colored &#112&#97&#108&#101 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#101 stem's flesh is ocher brown in &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 &#101&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#116&#111&#119&#97&#114&#100&#115 &#116&#104&#101 bottom. It is odorless and its flavor is mild. The mushroom grows from &#65&#117&#103&#117&#115&#116 &#116&#111 &#79&#99&#116&#111&#98&#101&#114&#44 &#102&#114&#101&#113&#117&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121 in &#103&#114&#101&#103&#97&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#99&#108&#117&#115&#116&#101&#114&#115&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#97&#110&#13&#10&#98&#101 found in pastures and &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#114&#111&#97&#100&#119&#97&#121&#115&#44 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#110 dung that has undergone complete decomposition.<br> It is not a particularly rare species. Figure 11(above) This excellent description &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#98&#121 Michael & Schulz (1927) is shown here as originally published in German, &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97&#110 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#105&#115&#104 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#13&#10&#77&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 spa have &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 countries: Finland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, &#84&#104&#101 &#78&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115&#44 &#66&#101&#108&#103&#105&#117&#109&#44 &#70&#114&#97&#110&#99&#101&#44&#13&#10&#82&#117&#115&#115&#105&#97&#44 Poland, the &#102&#111&#114&#109&#101&#114 &#67&#122&#101&#99&#104&#111&#115&#108&#111&#118&#97&#107&#105&#97&#44&#13&#10&#72&#117&#110&#103&#97&#114&#121&#44 &#82&#111&#109&#97&#110&#105&#97&#44 &#83&#99&#111&#116&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 England, Wales, Italy and Spain. Unfortunately, there are no comprehensive maps detailing the &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#39&#115&#13&#10&#100&#105&#115&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#112&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114&#110&#46 &#84&#114&#97&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115&#13&#10&#104&#97&#118&#101 often neglected relatively tiny species, such as Psilocybe &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#44 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#101&#110&#100 &#116&#111 share &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114&#13&#10&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#97&#116&#115 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#109&#111&#114&#101 prominent species. The sarcastic phrase "The mushrooms occur in abundance wherever mycologists abound" is particularly pertinent in reference to the Psilocybe species. Prior to &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#121 &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#44 the Psilocybe genus languished in the &#108&#105&#116&#101&#114&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101&#44&#13&#10&#115&#104&#114&#111&#117&#100&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#111&#98&#115&#99&#117&#114&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#84&#111 this day, few 189. Psilocybe semilanceata Fr. Worthless The cap is uniformly &#99&#111&#110&#105&#99 &#116&#111 &#98&#101&#108&#108&#45&#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#100&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 a pointy &#111&#114 &#111&#98&#116&#117&#115&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#97&#110 &#97&#108&#109&#111&#115&#116 wart-like protrusion; initially, caps Good Things To Do On Mushroom Trips are often taller than they &#97&#114&#101 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#44 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101 &#98&#101&#110&#116 and curved inward; &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#111&#110&#44 &#119&#105&#100&#116&#104 &#111&#102 cap is 1.5-4 cm. Hygrophanous; &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#105&#115 &#97 &#100&#105&#114&#116&#121&#105&#115&#104 &#111&#108&#105&#118&#101&#45&#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 when &#119&#101&#116&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#117&#99&#101&#110&#116 &#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#116&#101 margins; at the &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44&#13&#10&#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#115 &#111&#99&#104&#101&#114 &#111&#114 greenish-yellow against &#97&#110 &#111&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108&#108 &#115&#104&#97&#100&#101 &#111&#102 smudgy pale yellow and oftentimes some greenish stains; only &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#98&#97&#110&#100&#101&#100 by a darkcolored, watery stripe around &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#100&#103&#101&#46 &#78&#111 &#115&#116&#114&#105&#112&#101&#115 or banding &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#101 completely dried.<br> Lacking a veil, caps are thin-fleshed, bald, with an &#101&#97&#115&#105&#108&#121 &#115&#101&#112&#97&#114&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#112&#101&#108&#108&#105&#99&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#115 gelatinous-sticky for a long time, turning shiny when dry.<br> Gills are &#111&#108&#105&#118&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 brown in color, &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#100&#103&#101&#115 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101&#44 gill spacing &#105&#115 &#113&#117&#105&#116&#101 &#99&#114&#111&#119&#100&#101&#100&#59 &#103&#105&#108&#108 attachment is &#101&#105&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 &#108&#105&#110&#101&#97&#114 &#111&#114&#13&#10&#109&#111&#115&#116&#108&#121 adnexed; up to 3.5 mm &#119&#105&#100&#101&#59 &#97&#116&#116&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#101&#109 only, fully detached later on. Spores are elongated to ellipitical in &#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#44 &#115&#109&#111&#111&#116&#104 &#97&#110&#100 &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101&#44 &#109&#101&#97&#115&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 12-16 u by 6-8,u. Color of spore &#100&#117&#115&#116 &#105&#115 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 brown. Stem is &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#115&#108&#101&#110&#100&#101&#114&#44 &#97&#108&#109&#111&#115&#116 &#117&#110&#105&#102&#111&#114&#109&#108&#121 thin and &#97&#108&#119&#97&#121&#115 &#116&#119&#105&#115&#116&#101&#100&#44 &#54&#45&#49&#50 &#99&#109 long and 1.25-2 mm thick, yellowish or whitish &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#59 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 to pressure develop bluishgreen stains. &#83&#116&#101&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#115&#105&#108&#107&#121 &#115&#109&#111&#111&#116&#104 and roughly at the center, &#99&#111&#114&#116&#105&#110&#97&#116&#101 &#102&#105&#98&#114&#105&#108&#115 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#110&#97&#110&#116&#115 of a veil, which is brittle and lined with a white fibrous cord &#111&#102 &#119&#111&#111&#108&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#116&#101&#120&#116&#117&#114&#101&#46&#13&#10&#87&#104&#101&#110 &#100&#114&#121&#44 &#116&#104&#101 flesh of the &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100 &#112&#97&#108&#101 yellow, while the stem's flesh &#105&#115&#13&#10&#111&#99&#104&#101&#114 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 especially towards the bottom. &#73&#116 &#105&#115 &#111&#100&#111&#114&#108&#101&#115&#115 &#97&#110&#100 its flavor is mild. The mushroom grows from August &#116&#111 &#79&#99&#116&#111&#98&#101&#114&#44 &#102&#114&#101&#113&#117&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121 &#105&#110 gregarious clusters, and can be &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#105&#110 &#112&#97&#115&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 along &#114&#111&#97&#100&#119&#97&#121&#115&#44 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#110 &#100&#117&#110&#103 that has undergone complete decomposition. It is not a particularly rare species. Figure 11(above) This excellent description of Psilocybe semilanceata by &#77&#105&#99&#104&#97&#101&#108 &#38 &#83&#99&#104&#117&#108&#122&#13&#10&#40&#49&#57&#50&#55&#41 &#105&#115 shown here as originally published in German, with an English translation. Mycologists spa have been reported from the &#102&#111&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#114&#105&#101&#115&#58 &#70&#105&#110&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#78&#111&#114&#119&#97&#121&#44&#13&#10&#83&#119&#101&#100&#101&#110&#44 Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, The Netherlands, Belgium, France, Russia, Poland, the former &#67&#122&#101&#99&#104&#111&#115&#108&#111&#118&#97&#107&#105&#97&#44&#13&#10&#72&#117&#110&#103&#97&#114&#121&#44 &#82&#111&#109&#97&#110&#105&#97&#44 &#83&#99&#111&#116&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#87&#97&#108&#101&#115&#44&#13&#10&#73&#116&#97&#108&#121 &#97&#110&#100 Spain. Unfortunately, there are no comprehensive maps detailing the species's distribution pattern. &#84&#114&#97&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115&#13&#10&#104&#97&#118&#101 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#110&#101&#103&#108&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 relatively tiny species, such as Psilocybe &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#44 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#101&#110&#100 &#116&#111 share their habitats with other, &#109&#111&#114&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#109&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#13&#10&#115&#97&#114&#99&#97&#115&#116&#105&#99 phrase "The mushrooms occur in abundance &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101&#118&#101&#114 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#110&#100&#34 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 pertinent in reference &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#80&#114&#105&#111&#114 to the discovery of &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#103&#101&#110&#117&#115 &#108&#97&#110&#103&#117&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 in &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#105&#116&#101&#114&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101&#44&#13&#10&#115&#104&#114&#111&#117&#100&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#111&#98&#115&#99&#117&#114&#105&#116&#121&#46 To &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#100&#97&#121&#44 &#102&#101&#119&#13&#10&#49&#56&#57&#46 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 Fr. Worthless The cap is <H1>shrooms scientific name</H1> uniformly conic &#116&#111 &#98&#101&#108&#108&#45&#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#100&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97 pointy or obtuse center forming an almost wart-like protrusion; &#105&#110&#105&#116&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#99&#97&#112&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 taller &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#114&#101 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#44 margins are bent and &#99&#117&#114&#118&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#119&#97&#114&#100&#59 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#111&#110&#44 width of cap is &#49&#46&#53&#45&#52 &#99&#109&#46 &#72&#121&#103&#114&#111&#112&#104&#97&#110&#111&#117&#115&#59 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#105&#115 a dirtyish &#111&#108&#105&#118&#101&#45&#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#119&#101&#116&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 translucent striate margins; &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44&#13&#10&#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#115 ocher &#111&#114 &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#105&#115&#104&#45&#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119 &#97&#103&#97&#105&#110&#115&#116 &#97&#110 overall &#115&#104&#97&#100&#101 &#111&#102 &#115&#109&#117&#100&#103&#121 &#112&#97&#108&#101 yellow and oftentimes some greenish stains; &#111&#110&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115 &#97&#114&#101 banded &#98&#121 &#97 &#100&#97&#114&#107&#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100&#44 &#119&#97&#116&#101&#114&#121&#13&#10&#115&#116&#114&#105&#112&#101 around &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#100&#103&#101&#46 &#78&#111 &#115&#116&#114&#105&#112&#101&#115 &#111&#114 banding evident when mushrooms are completely dried. Lacking a veil, caps are thin-fleshed, bald, with an easily separable &#112&#101&#108&#108&#105&#99&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#115 &#103&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#110&#111&#117&#115&#45&#115&#116&#105&#99&#107&#121 &#102&#111&#114 a &#108&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#44 &#116&#117&#114&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#104&#105&#110&#121 when dry. Gills are &#111&#108&#105&#118&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 purple brown in color, with the edges often remaining white, gill spacing is quite crowded; gill attachment is either roughly linear or mostly adnexed; up to 3.5 mm &#119&#105&#100&#101&#59 &#97&#116&#116&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 stem &#111&#110&#108&#121&#44 &#102&#117&#108&#108&#121 &#100&#101&#116&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 on. Spores are elongated to ellipitical in shape, smooth and large, measuring 12-16 u by 6-8,u. <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/mushroomsmagic.php" title="Mushroomsmagic" alt="Mushroomsmagic" >Mushroomsmagic</a> Color of spore dust is blackish purple &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#116&#101&#109 &#105&#115 &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#115&#108&#101&#110&#100&#101&#114&#44 almost uniformly thin and always twisted, 6-12 cm long and 1.<br>25-2 mm thick, &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#115&#104 &#111&#114 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#105&#115&#104 &#105&#110 color; &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#117&#114&#101 develop bluishgreen stains. Stems are silky smooth and &#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44 cortinate fibrils appear like remnants &#111&#102 &#97 &#118&#101&#105&#108&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 is brittle &#97&#110&#100 &#108&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97 white fibrous &#99&#111&#114&#100 &#111&#102 &#119&#111&#111&#108&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#116&#101&#120&#116&#117&#114&#101&#46&#13&#10&#87&#104&#101&#110 &#100&#114&#121&#44 the flesh of the cap is colored pale yellow, while the stem's flesh is ocher &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 &#101&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 towards the bottom. It is &#111&#100&#111&#114&#108&#101&#115&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#105&#116&#115 &#102&#108&#97&#118&#111&#114 is &#109&#105&#108&#100&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 August to October, &#102&#114&#101&#113&#117&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121 &#105&#110 &#103&#114&#101&#103&#97&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#99&#108&#117&#115&#116&#101&#114&#115&#44 and can be found in pastures and along &#114&#111&#97&#100&#119&#97&#121&#115&#44 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#110 &#100&#117&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#104&#97&#115 undergone complete decomposition. It is not a &#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#114&#97&#114&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#49&#49&#40&#97&#98&#111&#118&#101&#41 &#84&#104&#105&#115 excellent &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#112&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#98&#121 &#77&#105&#99&#104&#97&#101&#108 & Schulz (1927) is shown &#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#115 &#111&#114&#105&#103&#105&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#112&#117&#98&#108&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 in German, &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97&#110 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#105&#115&#104 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#13&#10&#77&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 sp n the U.S.) contribute to the therapeutic process; they may even be the sole source for future progress. Under these conditions, stereo music also significantly deepened the intensity of the experience. It appears that these kinds of specific experiences may also account for the remarkable success of treating terminal patients with LSD to ease their fears in the face of death and to reduce even the most severe forms of pain. In many such cases, symptoms disappeared entirely, and relief from pain and anxiety that continued even after the drug's acute effects had worn off. A book by S. Grof provides a compassionate analysis of such successful treatments, which serves to underscore the fact that systematic efforts to investigate these particular therapeutic benefits have only just begun. So far, LSD has been the most widely studied substance in terms of easing the suffering of terminally ill patients, as well as dipropyltryptamine (DPT), a synthetic drug structurally similar to psilocybin that is active only when administered by injection. Below, a young woman from Switzerland gives a detailed account of her second mushroom experience. Her first experiment, with Psilocybe cubensis, had already introduced her to the realm of mystical experiences. For her second journey, she used 20 Psilocybe semilanceata mushrooms as part of a group ritual and achieved transcendence. A remarkable feature of her account is that the presence of an experienced guide was needed to realize the full potential of this visionary quest. "1 sat down next to another participant, seeking to connect with others in preparation for my journey. We proceeded to eat the fresh mushrooms. The room grew quiet and lovely music began to play. The mushrooms's effects came on much faster than they did during my first experiment. Twice I tried to establish closer contact with my fellow participant, but he was very nervous, and no source of reassurance for me. I was seeking my spiritual companion, but did not find that person among the present group. I became a figure in a long, white robe, wandering aimlessly among the columns (Greece?), still searching. My gaze lingered briefly on the wall next to the door and I saw faces and figures appear and vanish, but they did not hold my interest. It was hopeless. I continued my aimless roaming, and I was on the material plane, which I wanted to leave - had to leave. Suddenly, I found myself with one of the guides, who wanted to help me. I stared off into the distance, longing to be free of the material plane, but unable to do so. For a long time, I failed to connect with the guide; our two worlds were just too different. Suddenly I sensed that he wasn't able to look at me directly. The path by which to reach me runs through my eyes, because only they are truly alive. I asked him to help me on my way and invited him to look into my eyes. I felt as if all life energy was draining from my bo &#13&#10&#77&#97&#99&#114&#111&#115&#99&#111&#112&#105&#99&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#105&#116 &#105&#115 &#101&#120&#116&#114&#101&#109&#101&#108&#121 difficult to distinguish from Psilocybe semilanceata.<br> Unlike the latter species, however, Psilocybe pelliculosa will grow &#105&#110 &#102&#111&#114&#101&#115&#116&#115 &#111&#110 &#119&#111&#111&#100 chips and sawdust. Beug <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/mushrooms+net/fresh+magic+mushroom.php" title="Mushrooms Net Mushroom Fresh Mushrooms" alt="Mushrooms Net Mushroom Fresh Mushrooms" >Mushrooms Net Mushroom Fresh Mushrooms</a> and Bigwood were able &#116&#111 &#102&#117&#114&#110&#105&#115&#104&#13&#10&#97&#110&#97&#108&#121&#116&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#112&#114&#111&#111&#102 &#105&#110 &#115&#117&#112&#112&#111&#114&#116 of the claim that Psilocybe pelliculosa is weaker in &#105&#116&#115 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99&#13&#10&#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#97&#114&#97&#98&#108&#101 species. Psilocybe pelliculosa contains &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#51&#48&#45&#53&#48&#37 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 amount of psilocybin found in Psilocybe cyanescens (slang names: Blue wavy, Cyan, Grandote), a species common across the &#80&#97&#99&#105&#102&#105&#99 &#78&#111&#114&#116&#104&#119&#101&#115&#116&#46 &#73&#116 &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116&#115&#13&#10&#112&#114&#105&#109&#97&#114&#105&#108&#121 in parks, forming &#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#97&#108 &#102&#97&#105&#114&#121 &#114&#105&#110&#103&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#105&#115&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 did not become &#112&#111&#112&#117&#108&#97&#114&#13&#10&#97&#109&#111&#110&#103 &#117&#115&#101&#114&#115 &#117&#110&#116&#105&#108 &#116&#104&#101 mid-1970s. &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#115&#116&#105&#108&#108 &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116&#115 &#109&#111&#115&#116 abundantly in the fall. A New Psychoactive Mushroom Mushroom Trips as a Popular Sport Several additional Psilocybe species have been found in the Pacific &#78&#111&#114&#116&#104&#119&#101&#115&#116&#44 &#101&#118&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#111&#117&#103&#104&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#116&#97&#120&#111&#110&#111&#109&#105&#99 classification of most &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#115 &#105&#110&#97&#100&#101&#113&#117&#97&#116&#101&#44 despite the fact that monographs such as those by P. &#83&#116&#97&#109&#101&#116&#115 &#111&#102&#102&#101&#114 &#113&#117&#105&#116&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#116&#97&#105&#108&#101&#100 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#112&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 of the psychotropic mycoflora. In the mid-1970s, Guzman and Ott reported a rather &#115&#112&#101&#99&#116&#97&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114 &#101&#118&#101&#110&#116 &#99&#111&#110&#99&#101&#114&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100 of a "new" mushroom species. During the fall of 1972, large numbers of a strongly &#98&#108&#117&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#103&#105&#108&#108&#101&#100 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97 distinct &#114&#105&#110&#103 &#112&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114&#110 &#119&#101&#114&#101&#13&#10&#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#97&#116 the University of Washington in Seattle.<br> The &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#98&#111&#100&#105&#101&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 growing &#111&#110 &#98&#97&#114&#107&#13&#10&#109&#117&#108&#99&#104&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#99&#97&#109&#101 from a central &#100&#105&#115&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#112&#111&#105&#110&#116 &#97&#110&#100 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#104&#97&#100 been &#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#108&#121 &#97&#99&#114&#111&#115&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#99&#97&#109&#112&#117&#115 by &#103&#97&#114&#100&#101&#110&#101&#114&#115&#46 &#68&#117&#101 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 bluing reaction, students at the &#117&#110&#105&#118&#101&#114&#115&#105&#116&#121 &#97&#115&#115&#117&#109&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 contained psilocybin, &#97 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#102 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#119&#97&#115&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#114&#109&#101&#100 later on. The sudden appearance of massive &#110&#117&#109&#98&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#102 &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#98&#111&#100&#105&#101&#115 &#113&#117&#105&#99&#107&#108&#121&#13&#10&#105&#110&#115&#112&#105&#114&#101&#100 students at the university to &#117&#115&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#115 &#97 hallucinogen. In my &#111&#112&#105&#110&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#105&#116 &#105&#115 &#115&#116&#105&#108&#108 uncertain &#105&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#114&#101&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 spontaneously, or whether it fruited on bark debris simply because &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101 &#104&#97&#100 &#112&#114&#101&#118&#105&#111&#117&#115&#108&#121 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#109&#105&#120&#101&#100 with spawn derived &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magicshroomsinkansas.php" title="Magicshroomsinkansas" alt="Magicshroomsinkansas" >Magicshroomsinkansas</a> &#98&#111&#100&#105&#101&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 originated elsewhere. In any &#99&#97&#115&#101&#44 &#105&#110 &#49&#57&#55&#54&#44 &#116&#104&#101 mushrooms &#119&#101&#114&#101&#13&#10&#110&#97&#109&#101&#100 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#116&#117&#110&#116&#122&#105&#105 &#71&#117&#122&#109&#97&#110 & Ott (slang name: "blue veil" &#111&#114 &#34&#115&#116&#117&#110&#116&#122&#101&#101&#115&#34&#44 &#40&#115&#101&#101 &#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101&#115 54 and 71). Today, the species can be found growing on bark and on lawns &#105&#110 &#112&#97&#114&#107&#115&#44 &#111&#110 &#103&#111&#108&#102 courses, football fields &#97&#110&#100 &#103&#97&#114&#100&#101&#110&#115 &#105&#110 &#110&#117&#109&#98&#101&#114&#115 so &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#105&#116 &#105&#115 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101&#114&#101&#100 the second most important species in terms &#111&#102 &#117&#115&#97&#103&#101&#44 &#97&#102&#116&#101&#114 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 semilanceata. In addition, Panaeolus subbalteatus &#105&#115 &#97&#110&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#13&#10&#114&#101&#103&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#105&#109&#112&#111&#114&#116&#97&#110&#116 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 species (slang name: "red &#99&#97&#112&#34&#41&#44 &#101&#118&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#111&#117&#103&#104 &#105&#116&#115 users believe it to be slightly &#109&#111&#114&#101 &#112&#111&#105&#115&#111&#110&#111&#117&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#116&#104&#101 Psilocybe species.<br> Still, the mushroom is used &#113&#117&#105&#116&#101&#13&#10&#102&#114&#101&#113&#117&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121&#44 &#98&#101&#99&#97&#117&#115&#101 &#105&#116 &#98&#101&#103&#105&#110&#115 to fruit during the spring. The Psilocybe species, on &#116&#104&#101 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#104&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#100&#111&#13&#10&#110&#111&#116 appear until &#102&#97&#108&#108 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#117&#101 &#116&#111 grow &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121&#13&#10&#119&#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#116&#101&#109&#112&#101&#114&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 consistently drop below freezing, &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#105&#110&#104&#105&#98&#105&#116&#115 &#102&#117&#114&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 of the spe , and who gorge themselves on our tax dollars. I met Jochen Gartz shortly after the fall of the Berlin Wall at the third symposium of the European College for the Study of Consciousness (ECSC) in Freiburg, Germany. Our encounter was my first contact with a researcher from the former East Germany. Jochen Gartz's enthusiastic lecture was a truly consciousnessexpanding event, his words breaking down traditional borders and crossing over into new territory. The magic mushrooms spoke through him - with no trace of dogma or ideology - in the tradition of true anarchy that is the hallmark of mushroom magic. What I heard was unbelievable. Jochen spoke of a "new" psychedelic mushroom and its migration. The mycelia had spread in concentric circles outward from Leipzig, jumping all political borders. Finally, when the mycelia reached West German soil, the hated Berlin Wall crumbled. Could there possibly be a connection between the evolution of the magic mushroom and the evolution of our consciousness? Could a mushroom have contributed to the resolution of our political conflicts? In the past, politicians, even popes, had their own jesters and magicians, who functioned as pressure release valves in the machinations of political power struggles. It is obvious that a country whose chancellor is being pelted with eggs, urgently needs a new breed of magician who are able to readjust reality. But today, no aspiring magician should go about this task without this book as a guide for the wondrous journey into the realm of magic mushrooms. Christian Rdtsch Figure 5 - "Anthropomorphic Beings Engaged in Mushroom Dance" 10,000-year-old rock drawing in Tassili, Sahara (Algeria) CHAPTER 1 I BELIEVE THE TIME HAS COME FOR A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF NEW FINDINGS FROM THE FIELDS OF MYCOLOGY, TAXONOMY AND NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY When R.G. Wasson, R. Heim and A. Hofmann began their interdisciplinary research program to study the Mexican species of mushrooms and their usage in Mexican mushroom cults, their efforts culminated in a 1958 landmark report that described the isolation, molecular structure and synthesis of the mushrooms' active ingredients: psilocybin and psilocin. Several years later, these substances were also identified in a species of mushroom in Europe, Psilocybe semilanceata, which became the first in a series of newly discovered species. Since then, psychoactive mushrooms from other genera have been reported with increasing frequency. As part of my analytical work dedicated to the identification of naturally occurring chemicals, I had the good fortune to be part of a research team that studied alkaloids found in a variety of mushroom species. Now I believe the time has come for a comprehensive review of new findings from the fields of mycology, taxonomy and natural products chemistry. Wasson and his successors have already provided detailed accounts pertaining to the history and study of the Me several members of a family eat the mushrooms together: it is not uncommon for a father, mother, children, uncles, and aunts to all participate in these transformations of the mind that elevate consciousness onto a higher plan. The kinship relation is thus the basis of the transcendental subjectivity that Husserl said is intersubjectivity. The mushrooms themselves are eaten in pairs, a couple representing man and woman that symbolizes the dual principle of procreation and creation. Then they sit together in their inner light, dream and realize and converse with each other, presences seated there together, their bodies immaterialized by the blackness, voices from without their communality. In a general sense, for everyone present the purpose of the session is a therapeutic catharsis. The chemicals of transformation of revelation that open the circuits of light, vision, and communication, called by us mind-manifesting, were known to the American Indians as medicines: the means given to men to know and to heal, to see and to say the truth. Among the Mazatecs, many, one time or another during their lives, have eaten the mushrooms, whether to cure themselves of an ailment or to resolve a problem; but it is not everyone who has a predilection for such extreme and arduous experiences of the creative imagination or who would want to repeat such journeys into the strange, unknown depths of the brain very frequently: those who do are the shamans, the masters, whose vocation it is to eat the mushrooms because they are the men of the spirit, the men of language, the men of wisdom. They are individuals recognized by their people to be expert in such psychological adventures, and when the others eat the mushrooms they always call to be with them, as a guide, one of those who is considered to be particularly acquainted with these modalities of the spirit. The medicine man presides over the session, for just as the Mazatec family is paternal and authoritarian, the liberating experience unfolds in the authoritarian context of a situation in which, rather than being allowed to speak or encouraged to express themselves, everyone is enjoined to keep silent and listen while the shaman speaks for each of those who are present. As one of the early Spanish chroniclers of the New World said: "They pay a sorcerer who eats them the mushrooms] and tells them what they have taught him. He does so by means of a rhythmic chant in full voice." n the U.S.) contribute to the therapeutic process; they may even be the sole source for future progress. Under these conditions, stereo music also significantly deepened the intensity of the experience. It appears that these kinds of specific experiences may also account for the remarkable success of treating terminal patients with LSD to ease their fears in the face of death and to reduce even the most severe forms of pain. In many such cases, symptoms disappeared entirely, and relief from pain and anxiety that continued even after the drug's acute effects had worn off. A book by S. Grof provides a compassionate analysis of such successful treatments, which serves to underscore the fact that systematic efforts to investigate these particular therapeutic benefits have only just begun. So far, LSD has been the most widely studied substance in terms of easing the suffering of terminally ill patients, as well as dipropyltryptamine (DPT), a synthetic drug structurally similar to psilocybin that is active only when administered by injection. Below, a young woman from Switzerland gives a detailed account of her second mushroom experience. Her first experiment, with Psilocybe cubensis, had already introduced her to the realm of mystical experiences. For her second journey, she used 20 Psilocybe semilanceata mushrooms as part of a group ritual and achieved transcendence. A remarkable feature of her account is that the presence of an experienced guide was needed to realize the full potential of this visionary quest. "1 sat down next to another participant, seeking to connect with others in preparation for my journey. We proceeded to eat the fresh mushrooms. The room grew quiet and lovely music began to play. The mushrooms's effects came on much faster than they did during my first experiment. Twice I tried to establish closer contact with my fellow participant, but he was very nervous, and no source of reassurance for me. I was seeking my spiritual companion, but did not find that person among the present group. I became a figure in a long, white robe, wandering aimlessly among the columns (Greece?), still searching. My gaze lingered briefly on the wall next to the door and I saw faces and figures appear and vanish, but they did not hold my interest. It was hopeless. I continued my aimless roaming, and I was on the material plane, which I wanted to leave - had to leave. Suddenly, I found myself with one of the guides, who wanted to help me. I stared off into the distance, longing to be free of the material plane, but unable to do so. For a long time, I failed to connect with the guide; our two worlds were just too different. Suddenly I sensed that he wasn't able to look at me directly. The path by which to reach me runs through my eyes, because only they are truly alive. I asked him to help me on my way and invited him to look into my eyes. I felt as if all life energy was draining from my bo <p align="center"> Macroscopically, it is extremely difficult to distinguish &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#46 &#85&#110&#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 latter &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 &#104&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#112&#101&#108&#108&#105&#99&#117&#108&#111&#115&#97&#13&#10&#119&#105&#108&#108 grow &#105&#110 &#102&#111&#114&#101&#115&#116&#115 &#111&#110 &#119&#111&#111&#100 &#99&#104&#105&#112&#115 and sawdust. Beug and Bigwood &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#98&#108&#101 &#116&#111 &#102&#117&#114&#110&#105&#115&#104&#13&#10&#97&#110&#97&#108&#121&#116&#105&#99&#97&#108 proof in support of the claim that Psilocybe pelliculosa is &#119&#101&#97&#107&#101&#114 &#105&#110 &#105&#116&#115 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99&#13&#10&#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115 than comparable species. Psilocybe pelliculosa &#99&#111&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#51&#48&#45&#53&#48&#37 &#111&#102 the amount of psilocybin &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#105&#110 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 (slang names: Blue wavy, &#67&#121&#97&#110&#44 &#71&#114&#97&#110&#100&#111&#116&#101&#41&#44 &#97 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#13&#10&#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110 across &#116&#104&#101 &#80&#97&#99&#105&#102&#105&#99 &#78&#111&#114&#116&#104&#119&#101&#115&#116&#46 &#73&#116 fruits primarily in parks, forming partial fairy rings. This species did &#110&#111&#116 &#98&#101&#99&#111&#109&#101 &#112&#111&#112&#117&#108&#97&#114&#13&#10&#97&#109&#111&#110&#103 &#117&#115&#101&#114&#115 until &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#105&#100&#45&#49&#57&#55&#48&#115&#46 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#115&#116&#105&#108&#108 fruits most abundantly in &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#97&#108&#108&#46&#13&#10&#65 &#78&#101&#119 &#80&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 Mushroom Mushroom Trips &#97&#115 &#97 &#80&#111&#112&#117&#108&#97&#114 &#83&#112&#111&#114&#116&#13&#10&#83&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108 additional Psilocybe species have been found in &#116&#104&#101 &#80&#97&#99&#105&#102&#105&#99 &#78&#111&#114&#116&#104&#119&#101&#115&#116&#44 &#101&#118&#101&#110 though the &#116&#97&#120&#111&#110&#111&#109&#105&#99 &#99&#108&#97&#115&#115&#105&#102&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 remains inadequate, despite the fact that monographs such as those by P. &#83&#116&#97&#109&#101&#116&#115 &#111&#102&#102&#101&#114 &#113&#117&#105&#116&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#116&#97&#105&#108&#101&#100 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#112&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#102 the psychotropic mycoflora.<br> In the mid-1970s, Guzman &#97&#110&#100 &#79&#116&#116&#13&#10&#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#97 &#114&#97&#116&#104&#101&#114 spectacular event concerning the spread of a "new" mushroom species.<br> During the fall of 1972, large numbers <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/cow+shit+shrooms+pictures.php" title="Cow Shit Shrooms Pictures" alt="Cow Shit Shrooms Pictures" >Cow Shit Shrooms Pictures</a> of a &#115&#116&#114&#111&#110&#103&#108&#121 &#98&#108&#117&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#103&#105&#108&#108&#101&#100 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#119&#105&#116&#104 a distinct &#114&#105&#110&#103 &#112&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114&#110 &#119&#101&#114&#101&#13&#10&#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#97&#116 the University of Washington in &#83&#101&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#98&#111&#100&#105&#101&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 found growing on bark mulch, which came from &#97 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#114&#97&#108 &#100&#105&#115&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#112&#111&#105&#110&#116 &#97&#110&#100 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 had been spread &#119&#105&#100&#101&#108&#121 &#97&#99&#114&#111&#115&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#99&#97&#109&#112&#117&#115 &#98&#121 gardeners. Due to the bluing reaction, students at &#116&#104&#101 &#117&#110&#105&#118&#101&#114&#115&#105&#116&#121 &#97&#115&#115&#117&#109&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 the mushroom contained psilocybin, &#97 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#102 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#119&#97&#115&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#114&#109&#101&#100 later &#111&#110&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#115&#117&#100&#100&#101&#110 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#97&#110&#99&#101 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#109&#97&#115&#115&#105&#118&#101 numbers of fruiting &#98&#111&#100&#105&#101&#115 &#113&#117&#105&#99&#107&#108&#121&#13&#10&#105&#110&#115&#112&#105&#114&#101&#100 &#115&#116&#117&#100&#101&#110&#116&#115 &#97&#116 the university to use the mushrooms as a hallucinogen.<br> In my opinion, it is still uncertain if the mushroom really appeared spontaneously, or whether it fruited on bark debris simply because &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101 &#104&#97&#100 &#112&#114&#101&#118&#105&#111&#117&#115&#108&#121 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#109&#105&#120&#101&#100 with spawn derived &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#98&#111&#100&#105&#101&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 originated elsewhere. In any &#99&#97&#115&#101&#44 &#105&#110 &#49&#57&#55&#54&#44 &#116&#104&#101 mushrooms were named Psilocybe stuntzii Guzman &#38 &#79&#116&#116 &#40&#115&#108&#97&#110&#103&#13&#10&#110&#97&#109&#101&#58 &#34&#98&#108&#117&#101 &#118&#101&#105&#108&#34 or &#34&#115&#116&#117&#110&#116&#122&#101&#101&#115&#34&#44 &#40&#115&#101&#101 &#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#53&#52&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 71). Today, the species can &#98&#101 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#111&#110 &#98&#97&#114&#107 &#97&#110&#100 on lawns in parks, on golf courses, football fields and gardens in &#110&#117&#109&#98&#101&#114&#115 &#115&#111 &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#105&#116 is considered the &#115&#101&#99&#111&#110&#100 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#105&#109&#112&#111&#114&#116&#97&#110&#116 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#13&#10&#105&#110 terms of usage, after Psilocybe semilanceata. In addition, Panaeolus subbalteatus is another regionally important &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#40&#115&#108&#97&#110&#103&#13&#10&#110&#97&#109&#101&#58 &#34&#114&#101&#100 cap"), even though its &#117&#115&#101&#114&#115 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#101 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/wheretofindshroomstexas.php" title="Wheretofindshroomstexas" alt="Wheretofindshroomstexas" >Wheretofindshroomstexas</a> &#105&#116 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#98&#101 slightly &#109&#111&#114&#101 &#112&#111&#105&#115&#111&#110&#111&#117&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#116&#104&#101 Psilocybe species. Still, the &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#105&#115 &#117&#115&#101&#100 &#113&#117&#105&#116&#101&#13&#10&#102&#114&#101&#113&#117&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121&#44 because it begins to fruit &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#115&#112&#114&#105&#110&#103&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 species, on the other hand, do not appear until fall and &#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#117&#101 &#116&#111 &#103&#114&#111&#119 &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121&#13&#10&#119&#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44 when temperatures consistently &#100&#114&#111&#112 &#98&#101&#108&#111&#119&#13&#10&#102&#114&#101&#101&#122&#105&#110&#103&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#105&#110&#104&#105&#98&#105&#116&#115 &#102&#117&#114&#116&#104&#101&#114 fruiting of the spe </p> own cause of death and disease, bloated stomachs and insanity. Beliefs such as these have survived to the present day. They persist, for example,,, as figures of speech, s u c h as the slick Austrian description of a societal misfit as someone "who ate those madness-inducing mushrooms." But, there is another, very different, magic mushroom legacy as well. Flesh of the Gods for Devil Worshippers The Old World. Mycenaean civilization began with a mushroom trip -Mushrooms were an ingredient in the ambrosia of Dionysus. Porphyrius, the fourth century Latin poet and contemporary of Emperor Konstantin, knew that magic mushrooms were the children of the gods. WHO WAS THE FIRST MAGICIAN? A quasi-cannibalistic ritual, the act of eating the children of the gods unlocked one's power to experience the truly divine. But not all mushrooms enable human beings to enter the realm of divine consciousness. This magic power resides in only those fungi known as "fool's mushrooms", which were considered poisonous and believed to be the spawn of the Devil throughout the late Middle Ages and well into modern times. The New World: The Aztecs in Mexico referred to a number of small, inconspicuous mushrooms as teonartacatl, or "flesh of the Gods." These sacred mushrooms were eaten during the course of rituals intended to contact the Gods in order to learn about the world and the realm of the divine. These magic mushroom rituals thoroughly spooked the Catholic Spaniards. The mushroom eaters, commonly thought of as Devil worshippers, were hounded by the Inquisition. Still, all good things survive the tests of time, so the cult of magic mushroom eaters did not become extinct. Like mycelia underground, the cult continued to flourish, and at the proper time in recorded history, in 1957, the fruit of the fully grown mushroom re-surfaced to draw widespread public attention. Valentine and Gordon Wasson became the heroes of the modern neo-mycophilic movement. Back to the Old World: The revelations and insights gained from the use of psychoactive mushrooms were so magically wonderful, that our native European "fool's mushrooms" - which were gene ; considered inedible - had to be recognized as closely related to the magic mushrooms of Mexico, the flesh of the Aztec Gods. The souls of magic mushrooms in Mexico and Germany are essentially made from the same substance: psilocybin. Jochen Gartz has made an extraordinary contribution to the field of mycology by embracing Germany's magic mushrooms and the scientific study and testing of these fungi. The research efforts upon which this book is based require nothing less than a fearless, brave and courageous consciousness, free of prejudice and mycophobia. I am convinced that a researcher's consciousness infused by the spirit of the magic mushroom is capable of far deeper scientific insights than we can ever expect from the usual ivory tower academics, isolated from reality , and who gorge themselves on our tax dollars. I met Jochen Gartz shortly after the fall of the Berlin Wall at the third symposium of the European College for the Study of Consciousness (ECSC) in Freiburg, Germany. Our encounter was my first contact with a researcher from the former East Germany. Jochen Gartz's enthusiastic lecture was a truly consciousnessexpanding event, his words breaking down traditional borders and crossing over into new territory. The magic mushrooms spoke through him - with no trace of dogma or ideology - in the tradition of true anarchy that is the hallmark of mushroom magic. What I heard was unbelievable. Jochen spoke of a "new" psychedelic mushroom and its migration. The mycelia had spread in concentric circles outward from Leipzig, jumping all political borders. Finally, when the mycelia reached West German soil, the hated Berlin Wall crumbled. Could there possibly be a connection between the evolution of the magic mushroom and the evolution of our consciousness? Could a mushroom have contributed to the resolution of our political conflicts? In the past, politicians, even popes, had their own jesters and magicians, who functioned as pressure release valves in the machinations of political power struggles. It is obvious that a country whose chancellor is being pelted with eggs, urgently needs a new breed of magician who are able to readjust reality. But today, no aspiring magician should go about this task without this book as a guide for the wondrous journey into the realm of magic mushrooms. Christian Rdtsch Figure 5 - "Anthropomorphic Beings Engaged in Mushroom Dance" 10,000-year-old rock drawing in Tassili, Sahara (Algeria) CHAPTER 1 I BELIEVE THE TIME HAS COME FOR A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF NEW FINDINGS FROM THE FIELDS OF MYCOLOGY, TAXONOMY AND NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY When R.G. Wasson, R. Heim and A. Hofmann began their interdisciplinary research program to study the Mexican species of mushrooms and their usage in Mexican mushroom cults, their efforts culminated in a 1958 landmark report that described the isolation, molecular structure and synthesis of the mushrooms' active ingredients: psilocybin and psilocin. Several years later, these substances were also identified in a species of mushroom in Europe, Psilocybe semilanceata, which became the first in a series of newly discovered species. Since then, psychoactive mushrooms from other genera have been reported with increasing frequency. As part of my analytical work dedicated to the identification of naturally occurring chemicals, I had the good fortune to be part of a research team that studied alkaloids found in a variety of mushroom species. Now I believe the time has come for a comprehensive review of new findings from the fields of mycology, taxonomy and natural products chemistry. Wasson and his successors have already provided detailed accounts pertaining to the history and study of the Me xican mushroom species, so that these materials need not be repeated in this context. However, certain aspects concerning the more recent uses of these mushrooms as well as their conditions of growth will receive more detailed attention in later chapters. The main purpose of this book is to inspire further study of these mushrooms, particularly basic research efforts and medical applications of magic mushroom ingredients. The extensive bibliography will help scientists and other interested mycophiles to further immerse themselves in this complex area of study. Jochen Gartz Figure 6 - Bronze doors with mushroom motif entitled "Trial and Judgment" at Hildesheim Cathedral, Germany (ca. 1020). CHAPTER 2 REFLECTIONS ON THE HISTORY AND SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF MAGIC MUSHROOMS It is remarkable that cultures native to the American continent knew about a relatively large number of natural mind-altering substances compared to early cultures that evolved in Europe or Asia. Botanical evidence does not support the notion that Europe is home to fewer hallucinogenic plants than other regions. Furthermore, the growing number of recently discovered European mushroom species containing psilocybin indicate a flourishing psychotropic mycoflora in Europe similar to those found in other countries. It is unlikely that early European cultures learned less about local plants and mushrooms through usage and experience than cultures elsewhere in the world. Most likely, early cultural knowledge of European psychoactive plants and mushrooms was lost or destroyed at some time in history, probably as early as several hundred years ago. The discovery that the fly agaric mushroom (Amanita muscaria) was known for its psychoactive properties in Siberia invited the conclusion that this mushroom was used as a psychotropic agent in medieval Europe as well. In fact, there is very little evidence from the Middle Ages to indicate widespread knowledge of the effects of specific mushrooms on human consciousness. However, I believe that past reports on psychoactive mushrooms were causally linked to Amanita muscaria simply because this was the only known psychotropic mushroom in Europe at that time. While the usage of Amanita muscaria among Siberian tribes has generated reports of spectacular hallucinations, European accounts of fly agaric intoxications do not generally include descriptions of such intensely hallucinatory effects. Accordingly, the potent hallucinogenic effects of specific Psilocybes and related species are likely to have had a much more significant influence on early European cultures than the delirium-like visions induced by Amanita muscaria, a species that is also known to induce unconsciousness and severe somatic side effects. This hypothesis is corroborated by data from comprehensive field studies conducted in Mexico. I believe that historic accounts including those described below - indicate a knowledge of . For that reason, freeze-dried samples for biochemical analysis are &#115&#116&#111&#114&#101&#100 &#97&#116 &#45&#49&#48&#176&#67 &#112&#114&#105&#111&#114 <H2>Mexican Gold Mushroom</H2> &#116&#111 alkaloid extractions or chromatography testing. In addition to the reports &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#70&#105&#110&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#105&#110&#118&#101&#115&#116&#105&#103&#97&#116&#111&#114&#115 &#105&#110 North America &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#110&#111&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#39&#115 decay rate is slowest in &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#44 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 species.<br> (1) R = H2P03 (2) R = H Figure 19 - &#83&#116&#114&#117&#99&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#117&#108&#97&#115 &#102&#111&#114&#13&#10&#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 &#40&#49&#41 &#97&#110&#100 psilocin (2). CH3 CH3 Psilocybe semilanceata Figure 20 - &#68&#105&#115&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#112&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114&#110 &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 in Germany and adjacent areas. Locations are indicated &#98&#121 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107 &#100&#111&#116&#115&#46&#13&#10&#67&#72&#65&#80&#84&#69&#82 &#51&#46&#50&#13&#10&#80&#83&#73&#76&#79&#67&#89&#66&#69 CYANESCENS - POTENT MUSHROOMS GROWING &#79&#78 &#87&#79&#79&#68 &#68&#69&#66&#82&#73&#83&#13&#10&#65&#116 &#108&#101&#97&#115&#116 &#111&#110&#101 other Psilocybe species in addition to Psilocybe &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#105&#115 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/shroomsfoundonhorsemanure.php" title="Shroomsfoundonhorsemanure" alt="Shroomsfoundonhorsemanure" >Shroomsfoundonhorsemanure</a> &#116&#111&#13&#10&#101&#120&#105&#115&#116 &#105&#110 Europe. At this point, I must &#101&#109&#112&#104&#97&#115&#105&#122&#101&#13&#10&#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116&#105&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 single &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/the+magic+mushroom+band/mushroom+smART+SHOP/" title="Shop Magic The Mushroom Shop Mushroom Magic" alt="Shop Magic The Mushroom Shop Mushroom Magic" >Shop Magic The Mushroom Shop Mushroom Magic</a> &#119&#105&#116&#104&#105&#110&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#103&#101&#110&#117&#115 is &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116 &#116&#111 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101&#114&#97&#98&#108&#101&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#116&#114&#111&#118&#101&#114&#115&#121 &#97&#109&#111&#110&#103 eminent taxonomists. For example, there are &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116 &#109&#101&#116&#104&#111&#100&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#100&#105&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103&#117&#105&#115&#104&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 Hypholoma genus <b>magic mushroom picking time</b> from the Stropharia genus.<br> The Widespread &#68&#105&#115&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115&#13&#10&#87&#104&#105&#108&#101 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 semilanceata is a species that has long been clearly defined and is &#119&#101&#108&#108&#13&#10&#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#98&#121 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#110&#97&#109&#101&#44 there are, according to Krieglsteiner, other strongly bluing mushrooms that can be described &#97&#115 &#98&#101&#108&#111&#110&#103&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#34&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 cyanescens complex".<br> &#84&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#97&#114&#101 &#97&#108&#108&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 grow on raw compost and &#112&#108&#97&#110&#116&#13&#10&#100&#101&#98&#114&#105&#115&#46&#13&#10&#73&#110 &#97&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#97&#110&#99&#101 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#99&#117&#114&#114&#101&#110&#116 states of knowledge, the following &#110&#97&#109&#101&#115 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#105&#116&#101&#114&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101 &#109&#101&#114&#101&#108&#121 synonyms for &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115&#13&#10&#87&#97&#107&#101&#102&#105&#101&#108&#100 &#101&#109&#101&#110&#100&#46 &#75&#114&#105&#101&#103&#108&#115&#116&#101&#105&#110&#101&#114&#58&#13&#10&#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116 herbariums. &#72&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#105&#99&#114&#111&#115&#99&#111&#112&#105&#99&#13&#10&#100&#97&#116&#97 &#112&#101&#114&#116&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103 to the Psilocybe species are poorly delineated and oftentimes overlap. It is therefore imperative that additional mycological &#115&#116&#117&#100&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#98&#101 performed. To this end, fresh mushroom samples &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#118&#97&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110&#13&#10&#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#115&#104&#111&#117&#108&#100 be used, and biochemical methods must be included in the investigation.<br> Guzman's division of &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#98&#121 &#103&#101&#111&#103&#114&#97&#112&#104&#105&#99&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101&#97&#44 however, definitely turned out to be inaccurate. According to his &#115&#121&#115&#116&#101&#109&#44 &#45&#78&#111&#114&#116&#104 &#65&#102&#114&#105&#99&#97&#13&#10&#119&#97&#115 &#104&#111&#109&#101 to Psilocybe mairei, while Psilocybe cyanescens were found in &#69&#110&#103&#108&#97&#110&#100 &#97&#110&#100 &#72&#111&#108&#108&#97&#110&#100 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 serbica supposedly grew in Serbia and Bohemia. The &#103&#101&#111&#103&#114&#97&#112&#104&#105&#99 &#100&#105&#115&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 entire species seems &#116&#111 &#99&#111&#118&#101&#114 &#97 &#118&#97&#115&#116 area, with variations along climate and &#116&#101&#114&#114&#97&#105&#110 &#97&#116 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101 samples were collected. Such disparate morphologies are to be expected when dealing &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#34&#121&#111&#117&#110&#103&#34 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44&#13&#10&#116&#104&#97&#116 &#105&#115&#44 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 that have not yet &#102&#105&#114&#109&#108&#121 &#101&#115&#116&#97&#98&#108&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101&#109&#115&#101&#108&#118&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#114&#101 still expanding into &#110&#101&#119&#13&#10&#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#55 &#40&#112&#46 &#49&#52&#41 displays locations in Europe and North Africa where samples of Psilocybe cyanescens have been found. - &#72&#121&#112&#104&#111&#108&#111&#109&#97 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#82&#46 &#77&#97&#105&#114&#101&#13&#10&#45 Hypholoma coprinifacies (Rolland ss.<br> Herink) Pouzar - Geophila cyanescens (R. Maire) Kuhner <H1>magic mushroom picking time</H1> &#38&#13&#10&#82&#111&#109&#97&#103&#110&#101&#115&#105&#13&#10&#45 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#114&#98&#105&#99&#97 &#77&#111&#115&#101&#114 &#38 Horak - Psilocybe mairei Singer - &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98 As they say, ʼTis the season to be pickingʼ, but make . For that reason, freeze-dried samples for biochemical analysis are stored at -10°C prior to alkaloid extractions or chromatography testing. In addition to the reports from Finland, investigators in North America have noted that psilocybin's decay rate is slowest in Psilocybe semilanceata, compared to other species. (1) R = H2P03 (2) R = H Figure 19 - Structural formulas for psilocybin (1) and psilocin (2). CH3 CH3 Psilocybe semilanceata Figure 20 - Distribution pattern of Psilocybe semilanceata in Germany and adjacent areas. Locations are indicated by black dots. CHAPTER 3.2 PSILOCYBE CYANESCENS - POTENT MUSHROOMS GROWING ON WOOD DEBRIS At least one other Psilocybe species in addition to Psilocybe semilanceata is known to exist in Europe. At this point, I must emphasize that the differentiation of single species within the Psilocybe genus is subject to considerable controversy among eminent taxonomists. For example, there are different methods of distinguishing the Hypholoma genus from the Stropharia genus. The Widespread Distribution of Psilocybe cyanescens While Psilocybe semilanceata is a species that has long been clearly defined and is well known by this name, there are, according to Krieglsteiner, other strongly bluing mushrooms that can be described as belonging to the "Psilocybe cyanescens complex". These are all mushrooms that grow on raw compost and plant debris. In accordance with current states of knowledge, the following names in the literature are merely synonyms for Psilocybe cyanescens Wakefield emend. Krieglsteiner: different herbariums. However, the microscopic data pertaining to the Psilocybe species are poorly delineated and oftentimes overlap. It is therefore imperative that additional mycological studies of Psilocybe cyanescens be performed. To this end, fresh mushroom samples from various European locations should be used, and biochemical methods must be included in the investigation. Guzman's division of Psilocybe cyanescens by geographic area, however, definitely turned out to be inaccurate. According to his system, -North Africa was home to Psilocybe mairei, while Psilocybe cyanescens were found in England and Holland and Psilocybe serbica supposedly grew in Serbia and Bohemia. The geographic distribution of the entire species seems to cover a vast area, with variations along climate and terrain at locations where samples were collected. Such disparate morphologies are to be expected when dealing with "young" species, that is, species that have not yet firmly established themselves and are still expanding into new locations. Figure 7 (p. 14) displays locations in Europe and North Africa where samples of Psilocybe cyanescens have been found. - Hypholoma cyanescens R. Maire - Hypholoma coprinifacies (Rolland ss. Herink) Pouzar - Geophila cyanescens (R. Maire) Kuhner & Romagnesi - Psilocybe serbica Moser & Horak - Psilocybe mairei Singer - Psilocyb Existing evidence indicates that man in the Old World —Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia—has made less use of native plants and shrubs for their hallucinogenic properties than has man in the New World. There is little reason to believe that the vegetation of one half of the globe is poorer or richer in species with hallucinogenic properties than the other half. Why, then, should there be such disparity? Has man in the Old World simply not discovered many of the native hallucinogenic plants? Are some of them too toxic in other ways to be utilized? Or has man in the Old World been culturally less interested in narcotics? We have no real answer. But we do know that the Old World has fewer known species employed hallucinogenically than does the New World: compared with only 15 or 20 species used in the Eastern Hemisphere, the species used hallucinogenically in the Western Hemisphere number more than 100! Yet some of the Old World hallucinogens today hold places of primacy throughout the world. Cannabis, undoubtedly the most widespread of all the hallucinogens, is perhaps the best example. The several solanaceous ingredients of medieval witches' brews—henbane, nightshade, belladonna, and mandrake—greatly influenced European philosophy, medicine, and even history for many years. Some played an extraordinarily vital religious role in the early Aryan cultures of northern India. The role of hallucinogens in the cultural and social development of many areas of the Old World is only now being investigated. At every turn, its exte <p align="center"> CATTLE AS A POSSIBLE DISPERSAL MECHANISM &#70&#79&#82 &#80&#83&#89&#67&#72&#79&#65&#67&#84&#73&#86&#69 &#68&#85&#78&#71 &#70&#85&#78&#71&#73&#13&#10&#79&#110&#101 &#109&#97&#121 ask the question, "how did these mushrooms arrive in Australia &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#101&#119 &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100&#63&#34 &#87&#101&#108&#108 some species may be endemic,that is, they were already there naturally. Other species such as the above described dung-inhabiting mushrooms most likelyappeared after &#116&#104&#101 <b>psilocybin mushroom identification uk</b> &#105&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101 on the subcontinent.The first &#108&#105&#118&#101&#115&#116&#111&#99&#107 &#116&#111 &#97&#114&#114&#105&#118&#101 &#105&#110 Australia were brought from the Cape of Good &#72&#111&#112&#101 &#105&#110&#49&#55&#56&#56&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#105&#110&#99&#108&#117&#100&#101&#100 2 bulls and 5 cows, along with other domesticated &#102&#97&#114&#109 &#97&#110&#105&#109&#97&#108&#115&#46 &#66&#121&#108&#56&#48&#51&#44 &#116&#104&#101 government &#111&#119&#110&#101&#100 &#97&#112&#112&#114&#111&#120&#105&#109&#97&#116&#101&#108&#121 &#49&#56&#48&#48 &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101&#44 most of &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#105&#109&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100&#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 Cape, Calcutta, &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#101&#115&#116 &#99&#111&#97&#115&#116 of America.<br> It &#119&#97&#115 &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#112&#101&#114&#105&#111&#100 thatsome of the visionary mushrooms &#109&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#102&#105&#101&#108&#100 guide probably first appeared inAustralia (Unsigned, 1973). According &#116&#111 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116 &#74&#111&#104&#110 Burton Cleland(1934), "fungi &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#119 &#111&#114 horse-dung and confined to such habitats, must in thecase of Australia, &#97&#108&#108 &#98&#101&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#105&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#101&#100 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#34&#46 It is believed to have been the SouthAfrican dung beetle &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#109&#97&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#97&#99&#116&#117&#97&#108&#108&#121 spread the &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115&#46 &#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#105&#115&#104&#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116 Roy Watling &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#82&#111&#121&#97&#108 &#66&#111&#116&#97&#110&#105&#99 Gardens &#105&#110 &#71&#108&#97&#115&#103&#111&#119&#44 &#83&#99&#111&#116&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#34&#105&#116 must beremembered that fungi can change &#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#114&#97&#116&#101 &#112&#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 are coprophilousfungi &#111&#110 &#107&#97&#110&#103&#97&#114&#111&#111 &#100&#114&#111&#112&#112&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#101&#116&#99&#46&#34 Some &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#119&#104&#111 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#115&#116&#117&#100&#105&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#34&#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#34 in Australia &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#90 &#99&#108&#97&#105&#109 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 "use &#111&#102 &#80&#46 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#97&#115 a recreational &#100&#114&#117&#103&#116&#101&#110&#100&#115 &#116&#111 &#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#114&#109 <H2>psilocybin mushroom identification uk</H2> &#116&#104&#101 belief that some] farmers &#105&#110 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 &#91&#109&#97&#121 have] added &#111&#110&#101 &#111&#114 &#116&#119&#111 &#98&#97&#115&#105&#100&#105&#111&#109&#101&#115 gilled mushrooms] to a mealto liven it up and still do] Margot & Watling, 1981).<br>" CATTLE AS A POSSIBLE DISPERSAL MECHANISM FOR PSYCHOACTIVE DUNG FUNGI One may ask the question, "how did these mushrooms arrive <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/gymnopilus+luteofolius/google+shrooms.php" title="Gymnopilus Luteofolius Google Shrooms" alt="Gymnopilus Luteofolius Google Shrooms" >Gymnopilus Luteofolius Google Shrooms</a> &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#101&#119 &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100&#63&#34 Well some species may be endemic,that is, &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#108&#114&#101&#97&#100&#121 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 naturally. &#79&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#97&#115 the &#97&#98&#111&#118&#101 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101&#100 &#100&#117&#110&#103&#45&#105&#110&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 most likelyappeared &#97&#102&#116&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#101 &#105&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 cattle on the &#115&#117&#98&#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116&#46&#84&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#108&#105&#118&#101&#115&#116&#111&#99&#107 &#116&#111 arrive &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#116 from the Cape of &#71&#111&#111&#100 &#72&#111&#112&#101 &#105&#110&#49&#55&#56&#56&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#105&#110&#99&#108&#117&#100&#101&#100 &#50 &#98&#117&#108&#108&#115 &#97&#110&#100 5 cows, along with other domesticated farm &#97&#110&#105&#109&#97&#108&#115&#46 &#66&#121&#108&#56&#48&#51&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#103&#111&#118&#101&#114&#110&#109&#101&#110&#116 owned approximately 1800 cattle, most of which were importedfrom the Cape, Calcutta, and the west coast of America. &#73&#116 &#119&#97&#115 &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#112&#101&#114&#105&#111&#100 thatsome of the visionary mushrooms mentioned in this field guide probably first appeared inAustralia (Unsigned, 1973). According to Australian mycologist John Burton Cleland(1934), "fungi &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#119 &#111&#114 horse-dung &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#115&#117&#99&#104 habitats, must &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#99&#97&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#44 all belong to introduced species". It &#105&#115 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 the SouthAfrican dung beetle which may have actually spread the spores. &#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#105&#115&#104&#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116 &#82&#111&#121 Watling &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#82&#111&#121&#97&#108 &#66&#111&#116&#97&#110&#105&#99 Gardens &#105&#110 &#71&#108&#97&#115&#103&#111&#119&#44 &#83&#99&#111&#116&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#34&#105&#116 must beremembered that &#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 &#99&#97&#110 &#99&#104&#97&#110&#103&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#114&#97&#116&#101 preferences and there &#97&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#112&#114&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#111&#117&#115&#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 &#111&#110 &#107&#97&#110&#103&#97&#114&#111&#111 droppings etc." &#83&#111&#109&#101 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#119&#104&#111 &#104&#97&#118&#101 studied the "magicmushrooms" in Australia and NZ claim that the "use &#111&#102 &#80&#46 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#97&#115 a recreational drugtends to confirm the belief that some] farmers in early &#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 &#109&#97&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101&#93 &#97&#100&#100&#101&#100 one or two basidiomes gilled mushrooms] &#116&#111 &#97 &#109&#101&#97&#108&#116&#111 &#108&#105&#118&#101&#110 it &#117&#112 &#97&#110&#100 &#115&#116&#105&#108&#108 &#100&#111&#93 &#77&#97&#114&#103&#111&#116 & Watling, 1981)." CATTLE AS A POSSIBLE DISPERSAL MECHANISM FOR PSYCHOACTIVE DUNG &#70&#85&#78&#71&#73&#13&#10&#79&#110&#101 &#109&#97&#121 &#97&#115&#107 &#116&#104&#101 question, "how did these mushrooms arrive in Australia &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#101&#119 &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100&#63&#34 &#87&#101&#108&#108 some species may &#98&#101 &#101&#110&#100&#101&#109&#105&#99&#44&#116&#104&#97&#116 &#105&#115&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#119&#101&#114&#101 already there naturally. Other species such as &#116&#104&#101 &#97&#98&#111&#118&#101 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101&#100 &#100&#117&#110&#103&#45&#105&#110&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 mushrooms most likelyappeared after the introduction of cattle on the &#115&#117&#98&#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116&#46&#84&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#108&#105&#118&#101&#115&#116&#111&#99&#107 &#116&#111 arrive in Australia were brought from the Cape of Good Hope in1788, &#97&#110&#100 &#105&#110&#99&#108&#117&#100&#101&#100 &#50 &#98&#117&#108&#108&#115 and 5 cows, along with other domesticated farm animals. Byl803, the government owned &#97&#112&#112&#114&#111&#120&#105&#109&#97&#116&#101&#108&#121 &#49&#56&#48&#48 &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101&#44 &#109&#111&#115&#116 of which were importedfrom the &#67&#97&#112&#101&#44 &#67&#97&#108&#99&#117&#116&#116&#97&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#101&#115&#116 coast of America. It was during this period &#116&#104&#97&#116&#115&#111&#109&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#97&#114&#121 mushrooms &#109&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#102&#105&#101&#108&#100 &#103&#117&#105&#100&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#98&#97&#98&#108&#121 first appeared inAustralia (Unsigned, 1973).<br> According to Australian &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116 &#74&#111&#104&#110 &#66&#117&#114&#116&#111&#110 &#67&#108&#101&#108&#97&#110&#100&#40&#49&#57&#51&#52&#41&#44 &#34&#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 growing in cow <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/mushroomsgrowingincowdung.php" title="Mushroomsgrowingincowdung" alt="Mushroomsgrowingincowdung" >Mushroomsgrowingincowdung</a> &#111&#114 &#104&#111&#114&#115&#101&#45&#100&#117&#110&#103 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#110&#101&#100 to such habitats, &#109&#117&#115&#116 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#99&#97&#115&#101 &#111&#102 Australia, all belong to introduced species". It is believed to have been the SouthAfrican dung beetle which may have actually spread the spores. According to Englishmycologist Roy Watling of the Royal Botanic Gardens in &#71&#108&#97&#115&#103&#111&#119&#44 &#83&#99&#111&#116&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#34&#105&#116 &#109&#117&#115&#116 &#98&#101&#114&#101&#109&#101&#109&#98&#101&#114&#101&#100 that fungi can change substrate preferences and there are coprophilousfungi on kangaroo droppings etc." &#83&#111&#109&#101 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#119&#104&#111 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#115&#116&#117&#100&#105&#101&#100 the "magicmushrooms" in Australia and &#78&#90 &#99&#108&#97&#105&#109 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 "use of P. &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#97&#115 &#97 &#114&#101&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 drugtends to confirm the belief that &#91&#115&#111&#109&#101 &#102&#97&#114&#109&#101&#114&#115 &#105&#110 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 times may have added one &#111&#114 &#116&#119&#111 &#98&#97&#115&#105&#100&#105&#111&#109&#101&#115 &#91&#103&#105&#108&#108&#101&#100 mushrooms to a &#109&#101&#97&#108&#116&#111 &#108&#105&#118&#101&#110 &#105&#116 &#117&#112 and still do Margot & Watling, 1981)." CATTLE AS A POSSIBLE DISPERSAL MECHANISM FOR PSYCHOACTIVE DUNG FUNGI One may ask the question, "how &#100&#105&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#114&#105&#118&#101 in Australia and New Zealand?" Well some &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#109&#97&#121 &#98&#101 &#101&#110&#100&#101&#109&#105&#99&#44&#116&#104&#97&#116 is, they &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#108&#114&#101&#97&#100&#121 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108&#108&#121&#46 Other species such as the above described dung-inhabiting mushrooms most likelyappeared after the introduction of cattle on the subcontinent.The &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#108&#105&#118&#101&#115&#116&#111&#99&#107 &#116&#111 &#97&#114&#114&#105&#118&#101 in Australia &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#116 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 Cape &#111&#102 &#71&#111&#111&#100 &#72&#111&#112&#101 &#105&#110&#49&#55&#56&#56&#44 and included 2 bulls &#97&#110&#100 &#53 &#99&#111&#119&#115&#44 &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#119&#105&#116&#104 other domesticated farm animals. Byl803, the government owned approximately 1800 &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101&#44 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#111&#102 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 were importedfrom the Cape, Calcutta, and the west coast of America. It &#119&#97&#115 &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#112&#101&#114&#105&#111&#100 thatsome of the visionary mushrooms mentioned &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#102&#105&#101&#108&#100 &#103&#117&#105&#100&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#98&#97&#98&#108&#121 first appeared inAustralia (Unsigned, 1973). According &#116&#111 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116 &#74&#111&#104&#110 &#66&#117&#114&#116&#111&#110 Cleland(1934), "fungi growing &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#119 &#111&#114 &#104&#111&#114&#115&#101&#45&#100&#117&#110&#103 and confined to such habitats, must in thecase of Australia, all belong &#116&#111 &#105&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#101&#100 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#34&#46 &#73&#116 is believed to have been the &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104&#65&#102&#114&#105&#99&#97&#110 &#100&#117&#110&#103 &#98&#101&#101&#116&#108&#101 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 may have actually spread &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115&#46 &#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 Englishmycologist Roy &#87&#97&#116&#108&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#82&#111&#121&#97&#108 Botanic Gardens in Glasgow, Scotland, "it must &#98&#101&#114&#101&#109&#101&#109&#98&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 &#99&#97&#110 change substrate preferences and there &#97&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#112&#114&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#111&#117&#115&#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 &#111&#110 &#107&#97&#110&#103&#97&#114&#111&#111 droppings etc." Some mycologists who have studied the "magicmushrooms" &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#90 &#99&#108&#97&#105&#109 that the "use of P. cubensis as a recreational &#100&#114&#117&#103&#116&#101&#110&#100&#115 &#116&#111 &#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#114&#109 &#116&#104&#101 belief that some farmers in &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 &#109&#97&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 added one or two basidiomes gilled mushrooms to a mealto liven &#105&#116 &#117&#112 &#97&#110&#100 &#115&#116&#105&#108&#108 do Margot &#38&#97&#109&#112&#59 &#87&#97&#116&#108&#105&#110&#103&#44 &#49&#57&#56&#49&#41&#46&#34&#13&#10 </p> <p align="left"> More than half of Australia's &#98&#101&#101&#102 &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#99&#97&#110 &#98&#101 found in the &#99&#111&#97&#115&#116&#97&#108 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#111&#102 &#81&#117&#101&#101&#110&#115&#108&#97&#110&#100 and New South Wales; and the 20 to 30 inch (500-750mm) rainfall belt <H3>things to do on shrooms</H3> of Queensland, New South &#87&#97&#108&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#111&#114&#116&#104&#101&#114&#110 &#86&#105&#99&#116&#111&#114&#105&#97&#44 generally provide adequate things to do on shrooms climatic environments &#102&#111&#114 &#116&#104&#101 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#116&#104 &#111&#102 psilocybian mushrooms, especially after heavy rains. It has &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#115&#117&#103&#103&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#34&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 cubensis was introduced into Australia accidentally by early settlers along with &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#108&#105&#118&#101&#115&#116&#111&#99&#107&#46&#34 &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#115&#97&#109&#101 spore dispersal &#109&#101&#99&#104&#97&#110&#105&#115&#109 &#97&#108&#115&#111 &#112&#114&#111&#98&#97&#98&#108&#121 &#97&#112&#112&#108&#105&#101&#115 to Copelandia &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115&#44 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 &#115&#117&#98&#98&#97&#108&#116&#101&#97&#116&#117&#115 &#97&#110&#100 several additional species &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111 &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114 &#105&#110 or around the dung of other ruminants. This includes Psilocybe semilanceata and the non-hallucinogenic &#34&#104&#97&#121&#109&#97&#107&#101&#114&#39&#115&#34 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#105&#110&#97 &#102&#111&#101&#110&#105&#115&#101&#99&#105&#105&#46 While cattle are raised in &#97&#108&#108 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110 &#115&#116&#97&#116&#101&#115&#44 &#97&#115 well as &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#114&#97&#108 &#108&#111&#119&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115&#44 recreational users have &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111 &#101&#120&#112&#111&#114&#116 these psychoptic &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#116&#111 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/psychotropicmushroom.php" title="Psychotropicmushroom" alt="Psychotropicmushroom" >Psychotropicmushroom</a> &#118&#97&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 in Australia from areas where they were collected. In the case of New Zealand, hereafter referred &#116&#111 &#97&#115 &#78&#90&#44 &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101 are the &#112&#114&#105&#109&#97&#114&#121 &#115&#111&#117&#114&#99&#101 &#102&#111&#114 &#67&#111&#112&#101&#108&#97&#110&#100&#105&#97 cyanescens, but the "liberty cap" mushroom Psilocybe &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#111&#110&#108&#121 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#115 &#105&#110 the &#109&#97&#110&#117&#114&#101&#100 &#115&#111&#105&#108 &#111&#102 &#102&#111&#117&#114&#45&#108&#101&#103&#103&#101&#100 ruminants and not directly from <H1>things to do on shrooms</H1> manure (Jansen, Pers. Comm., <i>things to do on shrooms</i> 1988). &#84&#104&#101 &#105&#100&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#115&#101&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 this guide &#100&#111&#99&#117&#109&#101&#110&#116&#115 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#102&#111&#114 more &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#49 &#100&#111&#122&#101&#110 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 of psilocybian mushrooms in Australia and NZ which most likely have been used at one time &#111&#114 &#97&#110&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#102&#111&#114 &#114&#101&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 purposes.<br> </p> ecialize in the &#115&#116&#117&#100&#121 &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#115&#44&#13&#10&#100&#101&#115&#112&#105&#116&#101 &#116&#104&#101 fact that Psilocybe semilanceata &#105&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#109&#111&#115&#116 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110 &#97&#110&#100 conspicuous species among the Psilocybes.<br> &#65&#108&#115&#111&#44 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#108&#111&#118&#101&#114&#115 &#119&#104&#111&#115&#101&#13&#10&#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#101&#115&#116&#115 &#97&#114&#101 not purely scientific (see Chapter 7.<br>4) do not usually preserve &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#108&#101&#100&#103&#101 &#102&#111&#114&#13&#10&#112&#111&#115&#116&#101&#114&#105&#116&#121 <i>"Indian Magic Mushrooms" "United Kingdom"</i> &#105&#110 the form of &#100&#105&#115&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#109&#97&#112&#115&#46&#13&#10&#72&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#105&#115 one map from 1986, which shows <b>uses of mushrooms</b> the distribution &#112&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114&#110 &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#97&#99&#114&#111&#115&#115 Germany (see Figure 20, p. 28). Almost no published information &#105&#115 &#97&#118&#97&#105&#108&#97&#98&#108&#101&#13&#10&#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101 Psilocybe &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#104&#97&#118&#101&#13&#10&#98&#101&#101&#110 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#105&#110 eastern &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#46 &#68&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#109&#121 &#111&#119&#110&#13&#10&#102&#105&#101&#108&#100 &#116&#114&#105&#112&#115&#44 I have discovered Psilocybe semilanceata specimens in &#118&#97&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#44 &#115&#117&#99&#104&#13&#10&#97&#115 &#110&#101&#97&#114 my hometown of Mansfeld in the Vorharz Mountains, in the marshlands of Duben as &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#97&#115&#13&#10&#105&#110 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#101&#97&#115&#116&#101&#114&#110 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110 &#109&#97&#114&#115&#104&#108&#97&#110&#100 areas.<br> In addition, friends &#119&#104&#111 &#97&#114&#101 &#97&#108&#115&#111 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#104&#97&#118&#101&#13&#10&#116&#111&#108&#100 &#109&#101 about &#102&#105&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#105&#110 other parts &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#114&#121&#46 &#65 book &#112&#117&#98&#108&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#49&#57&#53&#50 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#97&#109&#111&#110&#103 the rare &#115&#111&#117&#114&#99&#101&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#105&#110&#99&#108&#117&#100&#101&#115 &#100&#101&#116&#97&#105&#108&#115 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#109&#101&#110&#115 discovered in the &#115&#111&#117&#116&#104&#101&#97&#115&#116&#101&#114&#110 &#115&#116&#97&#116&#101 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#83&#97&#120&#111&#110&#121 &#40&#115&#101&#101 Figure &#49&#54&#44 &#112&#46 &#50&#51&#41&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 species grow most abundantly on wet pastures surrounded by forest areas. In my &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#44 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#13&#10&#103&#114&#111&#119&#115 &#105&#110 most of Germany's forestlands. The species &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116&#115 &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#97&#108&#108&#44 from late September through &#79&#99&#116&#111&#98&#101&#114&#46 &#73&#116 &#102&#97&#118&#111&#114&#115 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/howtoidentifyshrooms.php" title="Howtoidentifyshrooms" alt="Howtoidentifyshrooms" >Howtoidentifyshrooms</a> &#97&#99&#105&#100&#105&#99 &#115&#111&#105&#108 and grassy terrain alongside &#116&#114&#97&#105&#108&#115 &#111&#114 &#97&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 edges of forest &#108&#97&#110&#100&#115&#46 &#83&#112&#101&#99&#105&#109&#101&#110&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#108&#108&#121 clustered &#105&#110&#13&#10&#115&#109&#97&#108&#108 &#103&#114&#111&#117&#112&#115 &#111&#102 &#51&#48 mushrooms or less. Deer droppings or &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#97&#110&#105&#109&#97&#108 &#102&#101&#99&#101&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#117&#115&#117&#97&#108&#108&#121&#13&#10&#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#116 at those locations, &#101&#118&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#111&#117&#103&#104 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#110&#101&#118&#101&#114 grow directly on top of dung. Occasionally, extremely stunted &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#109&#101&#110&#115 &#109&#97&#121&#13&#10&#98&#101 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#105&#110 the mountains by the side of the road.<br> The soil below older &#99&#111&#119 &#112&#97&#115&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#112&#114&#111&#118&#105&#100&#101&#115&#13&#10&#97&#110 &#101&#120&#99&#101&#108&#108&#101&#110&#116 &#109&#101&#100&#105&#117&#109 &#102&#111&#114 extensive &#109&#121&#99&#101&#108&#105&#97&#108&#13&#10&#103&#114&#111&#119&#116&#104&#46 <b>things do shrooms on shrooms to</b> &#73&#110 &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#44 large areas yield an abundance of fruiting bodies, mirroring the extent of &#109&#121&#99&#101&#108&#105&#97&#108 &#115&#97&#116&#117&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#111&#105&#108&#46 Given adequate moisture, maximum yields can &#98&#101 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100&#44 &#105&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#112&#97&#115&#116&#117&#114&#101 &#119&#97&#115 grazed &#97&#116 &#108&#101&#97&#115&#116 &#111&#110&#99&#101 &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 the weeks before fruiting season. However, the &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#13&#10&#97&#108&#115&#111 &#116&#104&#114&#105&#118&#101 &#117&#110&#100&#101&#114 &#115&#105&#109&#105&#108&#97&#114 conditions on horse and sheep &#112&#97&#115&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115&#46 &#83&#117&#99&#104 &#103&#114&#97&#115&#115&#121 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 inside forests are usually grazing areas for deer, who provide the soil &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97&#100&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#102&#101&#114&#116&#105&#108&#105&#122&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 &#72&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 semilanceata does &#110&#111&#116 <i>liberty cap mushrooms uk</i> &#103&#114&#111&#119 &#105&#110 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#13&#10&#119&#104&#101&#114&#101 artificial fertilizer &#104&#97&#115 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#117&#115&#101&#100&#46 &#83&#117&#99&#104&#13&#10&#112&#97&#115&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 are &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#102&#108&#97&#110&#107&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#99&#114&#101&#101&#107&#115 &#111&#114 swamp lands, which saturate the soil with water. During the summertime, the warm climate &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#119&#101&#116 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115&#13&#10&#112&#114&#111&#118&#105&#100&#101&#115 an &#101&#120&#99&#101&#108&#108&#101&#110&#116 &#101&#110&#118&#105&#114&#111&#110&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#102&#111&#114 &#111&#112&#116&#105&#109&#97&#108&#13&#10&#109&#121&#99&#101&#108&#105&#97&#108 growth. In Germany, the mushroom's habitat ranges from the coastal areas to mountainous regions, where &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#104&#97&#115 &#98&#101&#101&#110&#13&#10&#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 at altitudes of &#117&#112 &#116&#111 &#49&#44&#55&#50&#48 &#109 (5,160 ft) above sea level &#40&#77&#84&#66&#45&#56&#52&#52&#51&#44 &#49&#57&#56&#53&#41&#46 &#73&#110 &#116&#104&#101 former Czechoslovakia, samples have been collected at altitudes ranging from 330 &#116&#111 &#49&#44&#48&#48&#48 &#109 &#40&#49&#44&#48&#48&#48 - &#13&#10&#67&#65&#84&#84&#76&#69 &#65&#83 &#65 POSSIBLE DISPERSAL &#77&#69&#67&#72&#65&#78&#73&#83&#77 &#70&#79&#82 &#80&#83&#89&#67&#72&#79&#65&#67&#84&#73&#86&#69 &#68&#85&#78&#71 FUNGI One may ask &#116&#104&#101 &#113&#117&#101&#115&#116&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#34&#104&#111&#119 &#100&#105&#100 these mushrooms arrive in Australia and New Zealand?" Well &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#109&#97&#121 &#98&#101 endemic,that &#105&#115&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#108&#114&#101&#97&#100&#121 there naturally. Other species such as the above described dung-inhabiting mushrooms most &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121&#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#97&#102&#116&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#101 &#105&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 of cattle &#111&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116&#46&#84&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 livestock to arrive in Australia &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#116 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 Cape of &#71&#111&#111&#100 &#72&#111&#112&#101 &#105&#110&#49&#55&#56&#56&#44 &#97&#110&#100 included 2 bulls &#97&#110&#100 &#53 &#99&#111&#119&#115&#44 &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 with other domesticated farm animals.<br> Byl803, the government owned approximately 1800 &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101&#44 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#111&#102 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 were importedfrom the Cape, Calcutta, and &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#101&#115&#116 &#99&#111&#97&#115&#116 &#111&#102 America. It was during this period thatsome of the visionary &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#109&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#105&#115 field &#103&#117&#105&#100&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#98&#97&#98&#108&#121 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 inAustralia (Unsigned, 1973). According &#116&#111 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116 &#74&#111&#104&#110 Burton Cleland(1934), "fungi growing in cow or horse-dung &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#115&#117&#99&#104 habitats, must in thecase &#111&#102 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#44 &#97&#108&#108 &#98&#101&#108&#111&#110&#103 to introduced species". It is &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 the SouthAfrican dung beetle which may &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#97&#99&#116&#117&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100 &#116&#104&#101 spores. According to Englishmycologist &#82&#111&#121 &#87&#97&#116&#108&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 Royal Botanic Gardens in Glasgow, Scotland, "it must beremembered &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 &#99&#97&#110 &#99&#104&#97&#110&#103&#101 substrate preferences and there are coprophilousfungi on kangaroo droppings &#101&#116&#99&#46&#34 &#83&#111&#109&#101 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#119&#104&#111 have studied the "magicmushrooms" in Australia and NZ claim that the &#34&#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#80&#46 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 as a &#114&#101&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#100&#114&#117&#103&#116&#101&#110&#100&#115 &#116&#111 &#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#114&#109 the &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#102 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#91&#115&#111&#109&#101&#93 &#102&#97&#114&#109&#101&#114&#115 in early times may have] added one or two basidiomes gilled mushrooms] to &#97 &#109&#101&#97&#108&#116&#111 &#108&#105&#118&#101&#110 &#105&#116 &#117&#112 and still do] Margot & Watling, 1981)." CATTLE &#65&#83 &#65 &#80&#79&#83&#83&#73&#66&#76&#69 &#68&#73&#83&#80&#69&#82&#83&#65&#76 MECHANISM FOR PSYCHOACTIVE DUNG FUNGI One &#109&#97&#121 &#97&#115&#107 &#116&#104&#101 &#113&#117&#101&#115&#116&#105&#111&#110&#44 "how did these mushrooms arrive in &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#101&#119 &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100&#63&#34 Well some species may &#98&#101 &#101&#110&#100&#101&#109&#105&#99&#44&#116&#104&#97&#116 &#105&#115&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#121 were already there naturally. Other species such &#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#97&#98&#111&#118&#101 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101&#100 dung-inhabiting &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121&#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#97&#102&#116&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#101 &#105&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 of cattle &#111&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116&#46&#84&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 livestock to arrive in Australia were brought &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#67&#97&#112&#101 &#111&#102 Good Hope in1788, and included 2 bulls and 5 cows, along with other domesticated farm animals.<br> Byl803, the government &#111&#119&#110&#101&#100 &#97&#112&#112&#114&#111&#120&#105&#109&#97&#116&#101&#108&#121 &#49&#56&#48&#48 &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101&#44 most of which were &#105&#109&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100&#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#67&#97&#112&#101&#44 &#67&#97&#108&#99&#117&#116&#116&#97&#44 and &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#101&#115&#116 &#99&#111&#97&#115&#116 &#111&#102 America. It was during this period thatsome of the visionary mushrooms &#109&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#102&#105&#101&#108&#100 guide &#112&#114&#111&#98&#97&#98&#108&#121 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 (Unsigned, 1973).<br> According to Australian mycologist John Burton Cleland(1934), &#34&#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#119 or horse-dung and confined to such &#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#97&#116&#115&#44 &#109&#117&#115&#116 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#99&#97&#115&#101 of Australia, all belong to introduced &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#34&#46 &#73&#116 &#105&#115 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#101&#100 to have &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104&#65&#102&#114&#105&#99&#97&#110 &#100&#117&#110&#103 beetle &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#109&#97&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#97&#99&#116&#117&#97&#108&#108&#121 spread the &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115&#46 &#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#105&#115&#104&#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116 &#82&#111&#121 Watling &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#82&#111&#121&#97&#108 &#66&#111&#116&#97&#110&#105&#99 Gardens in Glasgow, Scotland, "it must beremembered that fungi &#99&#97&#110 &#99&#104&#97&#110&#103&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#114&#97&#116&#101 &#112&#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115 and there &#97&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#112&#114&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#111&#117&#115&#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 &#111&#110 &#107&#97&#110&#103&#97&#114&#111&#111 droppings etc." Some mycologists who have &#115&#116&#117&#100&#105&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#34&#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#34 &#105&#110 Australia &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#90 &#99&#108&#97&#105&#109 &#116&#104&#97&#116 the &#34&#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#80&#46 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 as a &#114&#101&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#100&#114&#117&#103&#116&#101&#110&#100&#115 &#116&#111 &#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#114&#109 the belief that some] farmers in early times may have] added &#111&#110&#101 &#111&#114 &#116&#119&#111 &#98&#97&#115&#105&#100&#105&#111&#109&#101&#115 gilled mushrooms] to a mealto liven &#105&#116 &#117&#112 &#97&#110&#100 &#115&#116&#105&#108&#108 &#100&#111&#93 Margot & Watling, &#49&#57&#56&#49&#41&#46&#34&#13&#10&#13&#10&#67&#65&#84&#84&#76&#69 &#65&#83 &#65 &#80&#79&#83&#83&#73&#66&#76&#69 DISPERSAL MECHANISM FOR PSYCHOACTIVE DUNG &#70&#85&#78&#71&#73&#13&#10&#79&#110&#101 &#109&#97&#121 &#97&#115&#107 &#116&#104&#101 question, "how did &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#114&#105&#118&#101 &#105&#110 Australia and New Zealand?" Well some species &#109&#97&#121 &#98&#101 &#101&#110&#100&#101&#109&#105&#99&#44&#116&#104&#97&#116 &#105&#115&#44 they were already there naturally. Other species such as the above described dung-inhabiting mushrooms &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121&#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#97&#102&#116&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#101 &#105&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 of &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#111&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116&#46&#84&#104&#101 first &#108&#105&#118&#101&#115&#116&#111&#99&#107 &#116&#111 &#97&#114&#114&#105&#118&#101 &#105&#110 Australia were brought from the &#67&#97&#112&#101 &#111&#102 &#71&#111&#111&#100 &#72&#111&#112&#101 in1788, and included 2 bulls and 5 cows, &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#100&#111&#109&#101&#115&#116&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101&#100 farm animals. Byl803, &#116&#104&#101 &#103&#111&#118&#101&#114&#110&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#111&#119&#110&#101&#100 &#97&#112&#112&#114&#111&#120&#105&#109&#97&#116&#101&#108&#121 1800 cattle, most of which were importedfrom the Cape, Calcutta, and the west coast &#111&#102 &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97&#46 &#73&#116 &#119&#97&#115 during this &#112&#101&#114&#105&#111&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#115&#111&#109&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 visionary mushrooms mentioned in this field guide probably first appeared inAustralia &#40&#85&#110&#115&#105&#103&#110&#101&#100&#44 &#49&#57&#55&#51&#41&#46 &#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 Australian mycologist John Burton Cleland(1934), "fungi growing in cow or horse-dung &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#115&#117&#99&#104 habitats, &#109&#117&#115&#116 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#99&#97&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#44 all &#98&#101&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#105&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#101&#100 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#34&#46 It is &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 SouthAfrican dung &#98&#101&#101&#116&#108&#101 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#109&#97&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#97&#99&#116&#117&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100 the &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115&#46 &#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#105&#115&#104&#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116 Roy Watling of the Royal Botanic Gardens &#105&#110 &#71&#108&#97&#115&#103&#111&#119&#44 &#83&#99&#111&#116&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#34&#105&#116 must beremembered that fungi can change substrate preferences and &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#112&#114&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#111&#117&#115&#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 &#111&#110 kangaroo droppings etc." Some &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#119&#104&#111 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#115&#116&#117&#100&#105&#101&#100 the "magicmushrooms" in Australia and NZ claim that the "use of &#80&#46 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#97&#115 &#97 recreational drugtends to confirm the belief that some farmers in &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 &#91&#109&#97&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#97&#100&#100&#101&#100 &#111&#110&#101 or &#116&#119&#111 &#98&#97&#115&#105&#100&#105&#111&#109&#101&#115 &#91&#103&#105&#108&#108&#101&#100 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#116&#111 a &#109&#101&#97&#108&#116&#111 &#108&#105&#118&#101&#110 &#105&#116 &#117&#112 and &#115&#116&#105&#108&#108 &#100&#111 &#77&#97&#114&#103&#111&#116 &#38&#97&#109&#112&#59 Watling, 1981)." CATTLE AS A POSSIBLE DISPERSAL MECHANISM FOR PSYCHOACTIVE DUNG FUNGI One &#109&#97&#121 &#97&#115&#107 &#116&#104&#101 &#113&#117&#101&#115&#116&#105&#111&#110&#44 "how did these mushrooms arrive in Australia &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#101&#119 &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100&#63&#34 &#87&#101&#108&#108 some species may be endemic,that is, they were already there naturally. Other species such as &#116&#104&#101 &#97&#98&#111&#118&#101 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101&#100 &#100&#117&#110&#103&#45&#105&#110&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 mushrooms most likelyappeared after the introduction of cattle on the subcontinent.The first livestock to &#97&#114&#114&#105&#118&#101 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#119&#101&#114&#101 brought from the Cape of Good &#72&#111&#112&#101 &#105&#110&#49&#55&#56&#56&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#105&#110&#99&#108&#117&#100&#101&#100 2 bulls &#97&#110&#100 &#53 &#99&#111&#119&#115&#44 &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 with other domesticated farm animals. Byl803, &#116&#104&#101 &#103&#111&#118&#101&#114&#110&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#111&#119&#110&#101&#100 &#97&#112&#112&#114&#111&#120&#105&#109&#97&#116&#101&#108&#121 &#49&#56&#48&#48 cattle, most of which were importedfrom &#116&#104&#101 &#67&#97&#112&#101&#44 &#67&#97&#108&#99&#117&#116&#116&#97&#44 &#97&#110&#100 the west coast of America. It was &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/texaspsychoactivemushrooms.php" title="Texaspsychoactivemushrooms" alt="Texaspsychoactivemushrooms" >Texaspsychoactivemushrooms</a> &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#112&#101&#114&#105&#111&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#115&#111&#109&#101 of the visionary mushrooms mentioned in this field guide &#112&#114&#111&#98&#97&#98&#108&#121 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 (Unsigned, &#49&#57&#55&#51&#41&#46 &#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110 mycologist John Burton &#67&#108&#101&#108&#97&#110&#100&#40&#49&#57&#51&#52&#41&#44 &#34&#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#110 cow or horse-dung and &#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#97&#116&#115&#44 must in thecase of Australia, &#97&#108&#108 &#98&#101&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#105&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#101&#100 species". It is believed to &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104&#65&#102&#114&#105&#99&#97&#110 dung beetle which may have actually spread the spores. According to Englishmycologist Roy Watling of &#116&#104&#101 &#82&#111&#121&#97&#108 &#66&#111&#116&#97&#110&#105&#99 &#71&#97&#114&#100&#101&#110&#115 &#105&#110 Glasgow, Scotland, &#34&#105&#116 &#109&#117&#115&#116 &#98&#101&#114&#101&#109&#101&#109&#98&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 fungi can change substrate preferences &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#112&#114&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#111&#117&#115&#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 on kangaroo &#100&#114&#111&#112&#112&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#101&#116&#99&#46&#34 &#83&#111&#109&#101 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 who have studied the "magicmushrooms" in &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#90 &#99&#108&#97&#105&#109 that the &#34&#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#80&#46 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 as a &#114&#101&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#100&#114&#117&#103&#116&#101&#110&#100&#115 &#116&#111 &#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#114&#109 the &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#102 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#102&#97&#114&#109&#101&#114&#115 in early times may have added one or two basidiomes gilled mushrooms to a mealto liven it &#117&#112 &#97&#110&#100 &#115&#116&#105&#108&#108 &#100&#111 Margot &#38&#97&#109&#112&#59 &#87&#97&#116&#108&#105&#110&#103&#44 &#49&#57&#56&#49&#41&#46&#34&#13&#10 As they say, ʼTis the season to be pickingʼ, but make As they say, ʼTis the season to be pickingʼ, but make The first livestock to arrive in Australia were brought from the Cape of Good Hope in by A. Hofmann, Sandoz Pharmaceuticals manufactured about 2 kg (ca. 4.4lbs) of pure psilocybin for scientific research purposes. The results of pharmacological testing soon revealed psilocybin as an alkaloid that was perfectly safe for human subjects under controlled experimental conditions. Despite this evidence, the anti-drug legislative framework of the mid1960s firmly established an "official mycophobia", a misguided, yet entrenched policy that still prevails today and effectively prevents the scientific investigation of promising potential applications for psilocybin and other alkaloids. At the same time, mycological and biochemical research studies have shown that psilocybincontaining mushrooms thrive all over the world and can be found on all continents. These mushrooms are no different from any other mycoflora and must not be excluded from scientific investigation because of their alkaloid content. In addition to overall variations in value systems across cultures, individuals tend to develop their own personal attitudes towards mushrooms in general. Oftentimes, the evolution of specific opinions about mushrooms can be traced back to childhood events, even though such early experiences seldom account for the development of prevailing biases and value systems later in life. I recall an incident from my own childhood, which occurred when I was about five years old. I was playing in a grassy meadow, when a girl pointed to a brown mushroom and earnestly explained that it was inedible and poisonous. While I have never forgotten this encounter, I did grow up to become a devoted mushroom enthusiast. On the other hand, a different childhood event has left me with the vivid memory of discovering a landfill virtually covered with vast numbers of gilled bluing mushrooms and the sense of awe I experienced contemplating this sight. In general, the unusual characteristics of these mushrooms are most likely responsible for strong impressions formed early in life, which then may develop into various attitudes or beliefs later on. An enduring personal interest in psychotropic mushroom species can serve to amplify or diminish mycophobic as well as mycophilic dispositions, depending on the influence of other factors. After all, judgments about the benefit or folly of deliberately altering one's state of consciousness are also colored by individual preferences, biases and opinions. The following chapters are meant to illustrate this diversity of attitudes towards psychotropic mushrooms. Descriptions of planned and involuntary experiments with specific mushroom species offer convincing evidence that the effects of psychoactive mushrooms are open to many possible interpretations. CHAPTER 3 THE CURRENT STATE OF KNOWLEDGE ABOUT EUROPEAN SPECIES Figure 7 - Distribution pattern of Psilocybe cyanescens across Europe and North Africa (according to Krieglsteiner). Black dots indicate approximate locatio </p> <h1 id="cross-browser">magic mushrooms that grow in woodchips @ 3/13/2010 1:25:11 AM</h1> <p></p> <h1 id="stylesheets">Australian Brisbane Magic Mushrooms</h1> <p><p align="right"> The majority of adverse physical effects or negative psychological reactions produced by "magic Magic Nz Magic mushrooms" generally result from inappropriate set and It It It Long Long Shrooms? Grow Does expectation, or because of &#105&#109&#112&#114&#111&#112&#101&#114 &#100&#111&#115&#97&#103&#101&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#109&#97&#121 vary considerably among consumers, different &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 &#111&#114 &#101&#118&#101&#110 within an &#105&#110&#100&#105&#118&#105&#100&#117&#97&#108 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#113&#117&#101&#115&#116&#105&#111&#110 of dosage &#105&#115 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#99&#111&#110&#102&#117&#115&#101&#100 &#98&#121 the variation in &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#111&#117&#114&#99&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 species which is &#99&#111&#110&#115&#117&#109&#101&#100&#46 &#70&#111&#114 &#101&#120&#97&#109&#112&#108&#101&#44 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 cubensis, when picked and eaten &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#105&#116&#115 &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108 &#100&#117&#110&#103 (manure) habitat, produces &#97 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#108&#121 &#109&#105&#108&#100 &#109&#105&#110&#100&#97&#108&#116&#101&#114&#105&#110&#103 experience, which is evident from the large amounts of fresh specimens needed to achieve a threshold experience. However when grown in vitro <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magic+mushroom+wallpaper/mushroom+chair.php" title="Magic Mushroom Wallpaper Mushroom Chair" alt="Magic Mushroom Wallpaper Mushroom Chair" >Magic Mushroom Wallpaper Mushroom Chair</a> (indoor laboratory &#99&#117&#108&#116&#105&#118&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#97&#110&#100&#47&#111&#114 &#105&#108&#108&#105&#99&#105&#116 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#105&#118&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#41&#44 Psilocybe cubensis &#97&#112&#112&#97&#114&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121 &#99&#97&#110 &#112&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#101 &#97 &#109&#111&#114&#101 potent &#115&#116&#114&#97&#105&#110 &#99&#97&#112&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#111&#102 &#105&#110&#100&#117&#99&#105&#110&#103 a very intense visual, sometimes quite &#100&#105&#115&#116&#117&#114&#98&#105&#110&#103&#44 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#46 <H1>It It It Long Long Shrooms? Grow Does</H1> &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#100&#111&#115&#97&#103&#101 &#97&#115&#115&#117&#109&#101&#115 that the consumption of 1 to 3 gm of &#100&#114&#105&#101&#100 &#109&#97&#116&#101&#114&#105&#97&#108 &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#98&#101 too low if the mushroom &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#109&#101&#110 &#99&#97&#109&#101 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#97 &#119&#105&#108&#100 source. &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#108&#111&#119 &#112&#111&#116&#101&#110&#99&#121 &#102&#111&#114 Psilocybe cubensis has been confirmed by research scientists Margot & Watling, &#40&#49&#57&#56&#49&#41&#44 &#119&#104&#111 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#115&#117&#114&#112&#114&#105&#115&#101&#100 by the comparatively &#115&#109&#97&#108&#108 &#97&#109&#111&#117&#110&#116&#115 &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 and psilocin <i>are gold cap shrooms psilocybin cubensis</i> which they extracted from wild &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#109&#101&#110&#115 &#99&#111&#108&#108&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#102&#105&#118&#101 different &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#46 &#84&#104&#105&#115 suggests that a much larger dose &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#98&#101 &#114&#101&#113&#117&#105&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#112&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#101 significant hallucinations. It is possible that the chemicals most likely &#100&#101&#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#98&#101&#116&#119&#101&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#116&#105&#109&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116 they were &#104&#97&#114&#118&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#116&#105&#109&#101 of analysis.<br> However, it &#115&#104&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#98&#101 &#110&#111&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 a strain of Psilocybe cubensis producing different flushes (harvests) will vary somewhat in potency between flushes. </p> &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#100&#111&#99&#117&#109&#101&#110&#116 <b>Uses Of Mushrooms</b> &#112&#114&#111&#118&#105&#100&#101&#115 complete &#100&#105&#114&#101&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#102&#111&#114 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/shrooms+found+on+horse+manure.php" title="Shrooms Found On Horse Manure" alt="Shrooms Found On Horse Manure" >Shrooms Found On Horse Manure</a> &#99&#117&#108&#116&#105&#118&#97&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 The Mazatec Indians, who have a long tradition of using the mushrooms, inhabit a range of mountains called the Sierra Mazateca in the northeastern corner of the Mexican state of Oaxaca. The shamans in this essay are all natives of the town of Huautla de Jimenez. Properly speaking they are Huautecans; but since the language they speak has been called Mazatec and they have been referred to in the previous anthropological literature as Mazatecs, I have retained that name, though strictly speaking, Mazatecs are the inhabitants of the village of Mazatlan in the same mountains. <div align="left"> Most users of the psychoactive visionary mushrooms have very &#108&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#108&#101&#100&#103&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 scientific &#110&#97&#109&#101&#115&#46 &#73&#110&#115&#116&#101&#97&#100&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 given their favorite species local epithets which are commonly &#117&#115&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#119&#104&#111 collect and ingest them. Some of these popular names &#97&#114&#101 &#97&#108&#115&#111 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#97&#110&#100 applied by users outside of Australia and NZ. &#34&#77&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#34 &#105&#115 &#116&#104&#101 most common term applied to any &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#101 &#97&#110&#100&#47&#111&#114 psilocine.<br> It &#119&#97&#115 &#105&#110&#118&#101&#110&#116&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#97 &#76&#105&#102&#101 Magazine editor in l957 ( see Wasson, l957). Psilocybe cubensis is &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#115 "golden tops", "gold tops" or sometimes "gold caps." The Australian epithets may have been given to this species &#98&#121 &#109&#101&#109&#98&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#102 &#97 local, drugusing group of surfers &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#102&#114&#101&#113&#117&#101&#110&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#71&#111&#108&#100 Coast region of Eastern Australia; however, some of these names &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#97&#112&#112&#97&#114&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/florida+shrooms/psilocybe+quebecensis/" title="Quebecensis Shrooms Florida Florida" alt="Quebecensis Shrooms Florida Florida" >Quebecensis Shrooms Florida Florida</a> &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#117&#115&#101&#100 to describe &#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#102 Psilocybe by users in &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#40&#115&#101&#101 &#65&#108&#108&#101&#110&#44 &#49&#57&#57&#55&#41&#46 As mentioned above, &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#105&#115 &#110&#111&#116 known to occur &#105&#110 &#78&#101&#119 &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100&#46 &#84&#104&#111&#115&#101 who ingest Copelandia cyanescens, &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 New Zealand as &#34&#98&#108&#117&#101 &#109&#101&#97&#110&#105&#101&#115&#34&#44 &#97&#108&#115&#111 &#114&#101&#102&#101&#114 to &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#97&#115 &#34&#66&#108&#117&#101 &#76&#101&#103&#115&#34&#44 "golden tops" or &#34&#103&#111&#108&#100 &#99&#97&#112&#115&#34&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#108&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114 two nicknames, as well as "dimple &#116&#111&#112&#115&#34 &#97&#110&#100 &#34&#99&#111&#110&#101 &#104&#101&#97&#100&#115&#34&#44 are common terms applied &#116&#111 &#67&#111&#112&#101&#108&#97&#110&#100&#105&#97 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#105&#110 the &#72&#97&#119&#97&#105&#105&#97&#110 &#73&#115&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115&#59 &#97&#110&#100 &#115&#111&#109&#101 of these same popular names have also been used by visiting surfers from both New Zealand and Australia, &#116&#111 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#99&#114&#111&#115&#99&#111&#112&#105&#99 characteristics of Copelandia &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#115&#97&#109&#101 &#115&#117&#114&#102&#101&#114&#115 visiting Hawaii's North Shore have reportedly ingested mushrooms prior to surfing, as do many of the locally based surfers in &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#90&#46 </div> <p align="center"> ed and large &#110&#117&#109&#98&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#102 &#115&#116&#117&#100&#105&#101&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 conducted, primarily &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#76&#83&#68&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#105&#110&#118&#101&#115&#116&#105&#103&#97&#116&#111&#114&#115 sought to discover the receptor binding sites for hallucinogenic compounds in the brain and &#116&#111&#13&#10&#117&#110&#100&#101&#114&#115&#116&#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#101&#99&#104&#97&#110&#105&#115&#109&#115 &#117&#110&#100&#101&#114&#108&#121&#105&#110&#103 the genesis of psychedelic visions. Today, &#119&#101 &#115&#116&#105&#108&#108&#13&#10&#108&#97&#99&#107 &#97 &#115&#111&#117&#110&#100 theoretical framework able to explain the relationship between chemical compounds and the &#109&#97&#110&#105&#102&#101&#115&#116&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114&#13&#10&#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#69&#118&#101&#110 though basic &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#99&#101&#114&#116&#97&#105&#110&#108&#121 &#105&#109&#112&#111&#114&#116&#97&#110&#116&#44 &#105&#116&#115 methods, unfortunately, are often &#97 &#102&#117&#110&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#97 rather one-sided pharmacological approach to investigating the effects of &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#44 &#76&#83&#68 &#97&#110&#100 &#109&#101&#115&#99&#97&#108&#105&#110&#101 - an approach that is, in fact, too narrow to address the remarkably psychedelic mushrooms washington unusual nature of these substances <b>the ways to do shrooms</b> and their effects.<br> Misunderstandings between pharmacologists and toxicologists on the &#111&#110&#101 &#104&#97&#110&#100 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#105&#97&#116&#114&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#97&#110&#100 psychologists on the &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#99&#97&#110&#13&#10&#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#98&#101 &#116&#114&#97&#99&#101&#100 all the way &#98&#97&#99&#107 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#49&#57&#53&#48&#39&#115&#44&#13&#10&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#110&#103 a legacy &#111&#102 &#100&#105&#115&#112&#117&#116&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#114&#103&#117&#109&#101&#110&#116&#115 that have yet to be resolved. S. Grof undertook the tedious task of analyzing 5,000 experimental LSD protocols &#105&#110 &#97&#110 &#101&#102&#102&#111&#114&#116 &#116&#111 isolate "absolute" symptoms that are &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#111&#114 &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114 &#97&#108&#108 of the time.<br> &#72&#105&#115 &#114&#101&#115&#117&#108&#116&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#110&#101&#103&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#46 According to Grof, hallucinogenic &#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#110&#111&#110&#45&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#102&#105&#99 &#116&#114&#105&#103&#103&#101&#114&#115&#13&#10&#99&#97&#117&#115&#105&#110&#103 a sequence of altered states of consciousness, &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#100&#111 &#110&#111&#116 &#102&#105&#116 the syndrome labeled "toxic psychosis". Rather, &#105&#116 &#105&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#105&#110&#100&#105&#118&#105&#100&#117&#97&#108&#39&#115 &#112&#101&#114&#115&#111&#110&#97&#108&#105&#116&#121&#44 along &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#109&#101&#110&#116&#97&#108 &#115&#101&#116&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#97&#116 significantly shape the nature of the psychedelic experience.<br> This view is shared by a majority of experts with <H3>the ways to do shrooms</H3> considerable experience in conducting psychedelics-assisted psychotherapy. Even "real" somatic symptoms, such as nausea or vomiting, can &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#98&#101 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#114&#111&#108&#108&#101&#100&#13&#10&#116&#104&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108 intervention &#116&#101&#99&#104&#110&#105&#113&#117&#101&#115&#13&#10&#97&#100&#109&#105&#110&#105&#115&#116&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#116&#114&#97&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#112&#114&#111&#102&#101&#115&#115&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108&#115&#46&#13&#10&#65 Plethora of Names The broad range of possible experiences inspired the use of labels other &#116&#104&#97&#110&#13&#10&#34&#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#115&#34&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#108&#121 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#105&#110&#103 semantic connotations: entheogens, &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#101&#100&#101&#108&#105&#99&#115&#44&#13&#10&#105&#108&#108&#117&#115&#105&#111&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#115&#44 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#108&#121&#116&#105&#99&#115&#44 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#109&#105&#109&#101&#116&#105&#99&#115&#44&#13&#10&#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#100&#121&#115&#108&#101&#112&#116&#105&#99&#97&#44 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#101&#109&#101&#116&#105&#99&#115 and &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#115&#46&#13&#10&#34&#80&#104&#97&#110&#116&#97&#115&#116&#105&#99&#97&#34 &#40&#76&#101&#119&#105&#110&#41 &#105&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#111&#108&#100&#101&#115&#116 label ever &#117&#115&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101 &#116&#104&#105&#115 class of substances. This term successfully evokes dream-like, &#102&#97&#110&#99&#105&#102&#117&#108&#13&#10&#97&#115&#112&#101&#99&#116&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#44 as well as the potential for euphoric and dysphoric &#101&#109&#111&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#111&#118&#101&#114&#116&#111&#110&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#77&#111&#114&#101 &#114&#101&#99&#101&#110&#116 &#116&#101&#114&#109&#105&#110&#111&#108&#111&#103&#121 often says more about semantic biases of those who use &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#97&#98&#101&#108&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#110&#13&#10&#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#97&#110&#121 &#102&#97&#99&#116&#117&#97&#108&#44 objective characteristics of the alkaloids &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#114&#101&#102&#101&#114 &#116&#111&#46 &#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103&#108&#121&#44 official antidrug propaganda &#115&#105&#110&#99&#101&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#49&#57&#54&#48&#39&#115 &#104&#97&#115 &#100&#105&#115&#112&#97&#114&#97&#103&#101&#100 "psychedelics" as excessively glamorous and too positive &#97 &#108&#97&#98&#101&#108&#44 &#97&#115&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#116&#101&#114&#109 was popular among Timothy &#76&#101&#97&#114&#121&#39&#115 &#102&#97&#110&#115&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 &#115&#117&#112&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#114&#115&#46&#13&#10&#87&#104&#101&#110 &#117&#115&#101&#100 in low doses or for the first time, these substances are most likely to &#98&#114&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#97 &#107&#105&#110&#100 &#111&#102 magical <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/welcome+to+magic+mushrooms+net/life+sciences+botany.php" title="Life Mushrooms Welcome Net To Net Sciences Sciences" alt="Life Mushrooms Welcome Net To Net Sciences Sciences" >Life Mushrooms Welcome Net To Net Sciences Sciences</a> transformation of surroundings, with &#97 &#104&#101&#105&#103&#104&#116&#101&#110&#101&#100 &#97&#98&#105&#108&#105&#116&#121 &#116&#111 perceive subtle differences along the color spectru </p> Most users of the psychoactive visionary mushrooms have very little knowledge of their scientific names. Instead, they have given their favorite species local epithets which are commonly used by those who collect and ingest them. Some of these popular names are also known and applied by users outside of Australia and NZ. "Magic Mushrooms" is the most common term applied to any mushroom which contains psilocybine and/or psilocine. It was invented by a Life Magazine editor in l957 ( see Wasson, l957). Psilocybe cubensis is known in Australia as "golden tops", "gold tops" or sometimes "gold caps." The Australian epithets may have been given to this species by members of a local, drugusing group of surfers which frequented the Gold Coast region of Eastern Australia; however, some of these names have apparently been used to describe several different species of Psilocybe by users in Australia (see Allen, 1997). As mentioned above, Psilocybe cubensis is not known to occur in New Zealand. Those who ingest Copelandia cyanescens, known in Australia and New Zealand as "blue meanies", also refer to this species as "Blue Legs", "golden tops" or "gold caps". The latter two nicknames, as well as "dimple tops" and "cone heads", are common terms applied to Copelandia cyanescens in the Hawaiian Islands; and some of these same popular names have also been used by visiting surfers from both New Zealand and Australia, to describe the macroscopic characteristics of Copelandia cyanescens. These same surfers visiting Hawaii's North Shore have reportedly ingested mushrooms prior to surfing, as do many of the locally based surfers in Australia and NZ. Most recreational users of Psilocybe cubensis (when grown in vitro) require a dosage of 1 to 2 gm of dried mushrooms to produce an altered state of consciousness; a clinical dosage for Psilocybe cubensis, on the other hand, had previously been reported as ranging from 3 to 5 gm of dried material. This dosage would be comparable to the amount of fungal material consumed for religious purposes in a Mazatec Indian healing and curing ceremony. In 1982, one research team "found that the level of psilocybin and psilocin varies over a factor of 4 among various in vitro cultures of Psilocybe cubensis, while specimens from outdoors varied tenfold." A fresh dosage of Psilocybe cubensis in Australia would be approximately from 1 to 2 large mushrooms weighing up to as much as one fresh ounce, or as many as from 25 to 50 small mushrooms equaling the same weight amount. Ethnopharmacologist Jonathan Ott (1976, 1993) noted that he has observed "the ingestion of from 0.5 gm to 5.9 gm dried weight (10 gm to 40 gm fresh)", of various species of Psilocybe. Dosage for Psilocybe subcubensis would be the same as for Psilocybe cubensis. Both of these latter two species are macroscopically alike. The usual dosage for Copelandia cyanescens required to induce psychedelic visual effects ranges from 1 to 3 large specimens (cap diameter c. 5 mm), or as many as 5 to l0 medium-sized mushrooms (cap diameter c. 2.5 mm); however, personal tolerance to this species may occur with continued use, and some who consume large amounts of this mushroom have reportedly ingested as many as 50 to 200 fresh specimens of various sizes. </p> <p>It has been suggested by an Australian physician that the general public in Australia, as well as members of its drug using subculture, first became aware of the visionary properties of these psychoactive mushrooms by a visiting surfer(s), who came from either New Zealand or the United States (Hawaii) and most likely provided ethnomycological information to local surfers (McCarthy, 1971). This physician reported that the use of psychoactive mushrooms, as well as 21 other drugs "was well demonstrated during a survey on drug abuse that was conducted in Southern Queensland during l969." This survey relied on interviews of 51 people belonging to "the `surfer' subculture local beach resorts". In this report, the doctor believed that "although the survey involved surfers and their female friends, there is no suggestion that the use of these drugs is confined to this group, which constitutes but a proportion of our (Australian) young drug taking community." It is thus likely that word-of-mouth communication made a significant contribution to the increasing use of "magic mushrooms" in Australia and NZ. n the U.S.) contribute to the therapeutic process; they may even be the sole source for future progress. Under these conditions, stereo music also significantly deepened the intensity of the experience. It appears that these kinds of specific experiences may also account for the remarkable success of treating terminal patients with LSD to ease their fears in the face of death and to reduce even the most severe forms of pain. In many such cases, symptoms disappeared entirely, and relief from pain and anxiety that continued even after the drug's acute effects had worn off. A book by S. Grof provides a compassionate analysis of such successful treatments, which serves to underscore the fact that systematic efforts to investigate these particular therapeutic benefits have only just begun. So far, LSD has been the most widely studied substance in terms of easing the suffering of terminally ill patients, as well as dipropyltryptamine (DPT), a synthetic drug structurally similar to psilocybin that is active only when administered by injection. Below, a young woman from Switzerland gives a detailed account of her second mushroom experience. Her first experiment, with Psilocybe cubensis, had already introduced her to the realm of mystical experiences. For her second journey, she used 20 Psilocybe semilanceata mushrooms as part of a group ritual and achieved transcendence. A remarkable feature of her account is that the presence of an experienced guide was needed to realize the full potential of this visionary quest. "1 sat down next to another participant, seeking to connect with others in preparation for my journey. We proceeded to eat the fresh mushrooms. The room grew quiet and lovely music began to play. The mushrooms's effects came on much faster than they did during my first experiment. Twice I tried to establish closer contact with my fellow participant, but he was very nervous, and no source of reassurance for me. I was seeking my spiritual companion, but did not find that person among the present group. I became a figure in a long, white robe, wandering aimlessly among the columns (Greece?), still searching. My gaze lingered briefly on the wall next to the door and I saw faces and figures appear and vanish, but they did not hold my interest. It was hopeless. I continued my aimless roaming, and I was on the material plane, which I wanted to leave - had to leave. Suddenly, I found myself with one of the guides, who wanted to help me. I stared off into the distance, longing to be free of the material plane, but unable to do so. For a long time, I failed to connect with the guide; our two worlds were just too different. Suddenly I sensed that he wasn't able to look at me directly. The path by which to reach me runs through my eyes, because only they are truly alive. I asked him to help me on my way and invited him to look into my eyes. I felt as if all life energy was draining from my bo <p align="right"> Most recreational users of &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#40&#119&#104&#101&#110 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#110 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/hydroponicmushroomsfoundincowdung.php" title="Hydroponicmushroomsfoundincowdung" alt="Hydroponicmushroomsfoundincowdung" >Hydroponicmushroomsfoundincowdung</a> in vitro) require a dosage <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/mushroom+growing/shitake+mushroom.php" title="Growing Mushroom Shitake Mushroom" alt="Growing Mushroom Shitake Mushroom" >Growing Mushroom Shitake Mushroom</a> of </p> It has been &#115&#117&#103&#103&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#97&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110 physician that <b>Mushrooms Locate Psychotropic</b> the general public &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#44 &#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#97&#115 members of its drug <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/semilanceata+spores.php" title="Spores Semilanceata" alt="Spores Semilanceata" >Spores Semilanceata</a> using subculture, <div align="center"> own cause &#111&#102 &#100&#101&#97&#116&#104 &#97&#110&#100 &#100&#105&#115&#101&#97&#115&#101&#44 bloated &#115&#116&#111&#109&#97&#99&#104&#115 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#105&#110&#115&#97&#110&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#66&#101&#108&#105&#101&#102&#115 &#115&#117&#99&#104 as these have survived to the present day. They persist, for example,,, as figures &#111&#102 &#115&#112&#101&#101&#99&#104&#44 &#115 &#117 c h as the &#115&#108&#105&#99&#107 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#110&#13&#10&#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#112&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#97 societal misfit as someone &#34&#119&#104&#111&#13&#10&#97&#116&#101 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#109&#97&#100&#110&#101&#115&#115&#45&#105&#110&#100&#117&#99&#105&#110&#103 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#46&#34&#13&#10&#66&#117&#116&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 is another, very different, magic mushroom legacy as well.<br> Flesh of the Gods for Devil Worshippers The Old World. Mycenaean civilization began with a &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#116&#114&#105&#112 &#45&#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101&#13&#10&#97&#110 ingredient in the ambrosia &#111&#102 &#68&#105&#111&#110&#121&#115&#117&#115&#46&#13&#10&#80&#111&#114&#112&#104&#121&#114&#105&#117&#115&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#117&#114&#116&#104 century Latin &#112&#111&#101&#116 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#116&#101&#109&#112&#111&#114&#97&#114&#121 &#111&#102 &#69&#109&#112&#101&#114&#111&#114 Konstantin, knew that magic mushrooms were the children &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#103&#111&#100&#115&#46&#13&#10&#87&#72&#79 &#87&#65&#83 &#84&#72&#69 &#70&#73&#82&#83&#84 MAGICIAN? A quasi-cannibalistic ritual, the &#97&#99&#116 <u>Pluteus salicinus distribution map</u> &#111&#102 &#101&#97&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#99&#104&#105&#108&#100&#114&#101&#110 of the gods &#117&#110&#108&#111&#99&#107&#101&#100 &#111&#110&#101&#39&#115 &#112&#111&#119&#101&#114 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#116&#104&#101 truly &#100&#105&#118&#105&#110&#101&#46 &#66&#117&#116 &#110&#111&#116 &#97&#108&#108&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 enable &#104&#117&#109&#97&#110 &#98&#101&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#116&#111 &#101&#110&#116&#101&#114 the realm of divine consciousness.<br> This &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#112&#111&#119&#101&#114&#13&#10&#114&#101&#115&#105&#100&#101&#115 &#105&#110 &#111&#110&#108&#121 those fungi known as "fool's mushrooms", which were considered &#112&#111&#105&#115&#111&#110&#111&#117&#115&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#98&#101 the spawn of the Devil throughout the late Middle Ages and &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#105&#110&#116&#111&#13&#10&#109&#111&#100&#101&#114&#110 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#78&#101&#119 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100&#58 The &#65&#122&#116&#101&#99&#115 &#105&#110 &#77&#101&#120&#105&#99&#111&#13&#10&#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#111 a number of small, inconspicuous mushrooms as &#116&#101&#111&#110&#97&#114&#116&#97&#99&#97&#116&#108&#44 &#111&#114 &#34&#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 &#111&#102 the Gods." These sacred &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#101&#97&#116&#101&#110&#13&#10&#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 course of <u>things to do tripping on shrooms</u> rituals intended to contact the &#71&#111&#100&#115 &#105&#110 &#111&#114&#100&#101&#114 &#116&#111 learn &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#111&#114&#108&#100 &#97&#110&#100 the realm of the divine. These magic &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#13&#10&#114&#105&#116&#117&#97&#108&#115 &#116&#104&#111&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 &#115&#112&#111&#111&#107&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 Catholic Spaniards. &#84&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#101&#97&#116&#101&#114&#115&#44 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110&#108&#121&#13&#10&#116&#104&#111&#117&#103&#104&#116 of as Devil worshippers, were hounded by the Inquisition. Still, &#97&#108&#108 &#103&#111&#111&#100 &#116&#104&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#115&#117&#114&#118&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 tests of time, so the cult of &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#13&#10&#101&#97&#116&#101&#114&#115 &#100&#105&#100 &#110&#111&#116 become extinct. Like &#109&#121&#99&#101&#108&#105&#97&#13&#10&#117&#110&#100&#101&#114&#103&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#117&#108&#116 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#117&#101&#100 to flourish, and at the proper time &#105&#110 &#114&#101&#99&#111&#114&#100&#101&#100 &#104&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#121&#44 &#105&#110 1957, the fruit of the fully &#103&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#114&#101&#45&#115&#117&#114&#102&#97&#99&#101&#100&#13&#10&#116&#111 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/mad+mushroom.php" title="Mad Mushroom" alt="Mad Mushroom" >Mad Mushroom</a> &#100&#114&#97&#119 widespread public attention. &#86&#97&#108&#101&#110&#116&#105&#110&#101&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 &#71&#111&#114&#100&#111&#110 &#87&#97&#115&#115&#111&#110 &#98&#101&#99&#97&#109&#101 the heroes of the modern &#110&#101&#111&#45&#109&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#105&#99 &#109&#111&#118&#101&#109&#101&#110&#116&#46&#13&#10&#66&#97&#99&#107 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 Old &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100&#58 &#84&#104&#101 &#114&#101&#118&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 &#105&#110&#115&#105&#103&#104&#116&#115 gained from the use &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#115&#111 magically wonderful, that our native &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 &#34&#102&#111&#111&#108&#39&#115 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#34 &#45 which were gene ; considered inedible - had to be recognized as &#99&#108&#111&#115&#101&#108&#121 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 magic mushrooms of Mexico, the &#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#65&#122&#116&#101&#99&#13&#10&#71&#111&#100&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101 souls of magic mushrooms in Mexico and Germany are essentially made from the same substance: psilocybin. Jochen Gartz has made an extraordinary contribution to the field of mycology by embracing Germany's magic mushrooms and the scientific study and testing of these fungi. The research efforts <b>things to do on shrooms</b> upon which &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#98&#111&#111&#107 &#105&#115 &#98&#97&#115&#101&#100 require nothing less than a fearless, brave and courageous consciousness, &#102&#114&#101&#101 &#111&#102 &#112&#114&#101&#106&#117&#100&#105&#99&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#111&#98&#105&#97&#46 &#73&#13&#10&#97&#109 convinced that a researcher's consciousness infused &#98&#121 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#105&#114&#105&#116 &#111&#102 the magic &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/libertycapmushroomscowpasture.php" title="Libertycapmushroomscowpasture" alt="Libertycapmushroomscowpasture" >Libertycapmushroomscowpasture</a> &#105&#115&#13&#10&#99&#97&#112&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#111&#102 &#102&#97&#114 deeper scientific insights &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#119&#101&#13&#10&#99&#97&#110 &#101&#118&#101&#114 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#99&#116 &#102&#114&#111&#109 the &#117&#115&#117&#97&#108 &#105&#118&#111&#114&#121 &#116&#111&#119&#101&#114&#13&#10&#97&#99&#97&#100&#101&#109&#105&#99&#115&#44 &#105&#115&#111&#108&#97&#116&#101&#100 from reality </div> <p align="left"> &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#102&#97&#109&#105&#108&#105&#97&#114&#105&#116&#121 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 in Europe &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#105&#115 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121 derived from usage of Psilocybes &#97&#110&#100 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 &#114&#97&#116&#104&#101&#114 than experience with Amanita muscaria. However, it is extremely difficult to reject or &#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#114&#109 &#116&#104&#105&#115&#13&#10&#104&#121&#112&#111&#116&#104&#101&#115&#105&#115&#44 &#100&#117&#101 &#116&#111 the lack of conclusive data available for analysis today. Bwyd Ellylon: A Feast of Fairies in Celebration of the Spirit World Tales &#111&#102 &#114&#105&#116&#117&#97&#108&#105&#115&#116&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#117&#115&#97&#103&#101 have found their &#119&#97&#121 &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#114&#101&#97&#108&#109 of myths &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#108&#101&#103&#101&#110&#100&#115&#46 &#70&#111&#114 &#105&#110&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101&#44 &#111&#110&#101 legend &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101&#115 &#97&#13&#10&#112&#101&#99&#117&#108&#105&#97&#114 &#112&#111&#105&#115&#111&#110&#111&#117&#115 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 in Wales (British Isles) with the strange name of Bwyd &#69&#108&#108&#121&#108&#111&#110&#44&#13&#10&#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#119&#97&#115 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#97 delicacy by fairies feasting in celebration of the spirit world. Psilocybe semilanceata is the &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#105&#109&#112&#111&#114&#116&#97&#110&#116 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#99&#111&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#105&#110 Europe and it &#116&#104&#114&#105&#118&#101&#115 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#112&#97&#114&#116&#115 &#111&#102 &#71&#114&#101&#97&#116 Britain, where <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/psilocybe+weilii/growing+kits.php" title="Weilii Chat Weilii Chat Weilii Chat Kits" alt="Weilii Chat Weilii Chat Weilii Chat Kits" >Weilii Chat Weilii Chat Weilii Chat Kits</a> &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#115&#13&#10&#97&#98&#117&#110&#100&#97&#110&#116&#108&#121 &#97&#108&#108 across the &#87&#101&#108&#115&#104 <H3>Where To Find Magic Mushrooms In The Usa</H3> &#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#114&#121&#115&#105&#100&#101 &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#102&#97&#108&#108 &#115&#101&#97&#115&#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#73 &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 like to thank G. Samorini for pointing out that the Inquisition was &#117&#110&#117&#115&#117&#97&#108&#108&#121&#13&#10&#99&#114&#117&#101&#108 &#97&#110&#100 &#118&#105&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#105&#110 the Alpine valleys of Valcamonica, Valtrompia and Valtellina &#40&#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#101&#100&#13&#10&#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#118&#105&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#111&#102 Brescia and Sandrio in Northern Italy). Many books chronicle &#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#108&#101&#115&#115&#13&#10&#119&#105&#116&#99&#104 &#98&#117&#114&#110&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#116 region, with particular emphasis on the witches' meetings at &#116&#104&#101 &#34&#77&#111&#110&#116&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#108 &#84&#111&#110&#97&#108&#101&#34&#44 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#97&#116 an altitude of 2000 m (ca.<br> 6,000 ft). Field research &#104&#97&#115 &#115&#104&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#112&#108&#97&#110&#116&#115 of the nightshade family ("witching herbs") do &#110&#111&#116&#13&#10&#103&#114&#111&#119 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#97&#108&#116&#105&#116&#117&#100&#101&#59 even the fly agaric mushroom is rarely &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101&#46 &#66&#121 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#114&#97&#115&#116&#44 pastures in the area abound with Psilocybe semilanceata during the fall. Given this historical &#99&#111&#110&#116&#101&#120&#116&#44 &#105&#116 &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100&#13&#10&#115&#101&#101&#109 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121 that Psilocybe semilanceata played an important role as a psychotropic &#97&#103&#101&#110&#116 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#114&#101&#103&#105&#111&#110 (see Figure 58, Chapter 7.<br>4).<br> In light &#111&#102 &#109&#101&#100&#105&#101&#118&#97&#108 &#97&#99&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#115 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 practice &#111&#102 &#119&#105&#116&#99&#104&#99&#114&#97&#102&#116&#44 &#105&#116 &#105&#115 interesting to note that a subjective sensation of flying <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/how+do+i+identify+magic+mushrooms+in+wales/a+picture+to+show+a+mushroom+spores/" title="How Do I Identify Magic Mushrooms In Wales A Picture To Show A Mushroom Spores" alt="How Do I Identify Magic Mushrooms In Wales A Picture To Show A Mushroom Spores" >How Do I Identify Magic Mushrooms In Wales A Picture To Show A Mushroom Spores</a> or levitation &#105&#115&#13&#10&#97&#109&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110&#108&#121 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115 of psilocybin intoxication.<br> Berserk Rage of Nordic Warriors In the course of &#116&#104&#101 &#105&#100&#101&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#112&#111&#119&#101&#114&#13&#10&#115&#116&#114&#117&#103&#103&#108&#101 &#98&#101&#116&#119&#101&#101&#110 Christianity &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#114&#101&#109&#110&#97&#110&#116&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#112&#97&#103&#97&#110 religions that worshipped Nature, many sources of &#107&#110&#111&#119&#108&#101&#100&#103&#101 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#108&#111&#115&#116&#46 &#84&#104&#101 aggressive repression and eradication of &#112&#114&#101&#45&#67&#104&#114&#105&#115&#116&#105&#97&#110&#13&#10&#99&#117&#115&#116&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#108&#108 &#98&#117&#116 &#100&#101&#115&#116&#114&#111&#121&#101&#100 the continuity of Europe's original cultural heritage, along &#119&#105&#116&#104&#13&#10&#109&#117&#99&#104 &#104&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#105&#99 &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#100&#111&#99&#117&#109&#101&#110&#116&#105&#110&#103 early &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108&#13&#10&#112&#114&#97&#99&#116&#105&#99&#101&#115&#44 &#105&#110&#99&#108&#117&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 <b>things to do on shrooms</b> &#117&#115&#97&#103&#101 of plants &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#102&#111&#114 &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#111&#115&#101 of &#116&#101&#109&#112&#111&#114&#97&#114&#121&#13&#10&#97&#108&#116&#101&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#102 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#46&#13&#10&#83&#111&#109&#101 &#97&#117&#116&#104&#111&#114&#115 went so &#102&#97&#114 &#97&#115 &#116&#111 &#98&#108&#97&#109&#101 the fly agaric mushroom for proverbial fits of "berserk rage" attributed &#116&#111 &#78&#111&#114&#100&#105&#99 &#119&#97&#114&#114&#105&#111&#114&#115&#46 &#77&#97&#110&#121 &#97&#99&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#115&#13&#10&#100&#101&#116&#97&#105&#108&#105&#110&#103 this &#112&#104&#101&#110&#111&#109&#101&#110&#111&#110 &#97&#108&#108&#117&#100&#101 &#116&#111 &#97 &#34&#100&#101&#99&#101&#112&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 eyes" (i.e. visual hallucinations). After the Nordic legal &#115&#121&#115&#116&#101&#109 &#98&#97&#110&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#114&#97&#99&#116&#105&#99&#101 of "going berserk", it &#100&#105&#115&#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#113&#117&#105&#116&#101 &#115&#117&#100&#100&#101&#110&#108&#121&#13&#10&#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 12th century. At about the same time, Saxo Grammaticus speculated that &#116&#104&#101 &#66&#101&#114&#115&#101&#114&#107&#101&#114&#115&#13&#10&#109&#97&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#117&#115&#101&#100 mag </p> <p align="right"> Most users of the psychoactive visionary mushrooms have very little &#107&#110&#111&#119&#108&#101&#100&#103&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#115&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99 names. Instead, they &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#103&#105&#118&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#102&#97&#118&#111&#114&#105&#116&#101 species &#108&#111&#99&#97&#108 &#101&#112&#105&#116&#104&#101&#116&#115 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#97&#114&#101 commonly &#117&#115&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#119&#104&#111 collect <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/panaeolus+africanus/pluteus+salicinus.php" title="Panaeolus Africanus Pluteus Salicinus" alt="Panaeolus Africanus Pluteus Salicinus" >Panaeolus Africanus Pluteus Salicinus</a> and ingest them. Some of these popular names are also &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#112&#112&#108&#105&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#117&#115&#101&#114&#115 outside of Australia and NZ. "Magic Mushrooms" is &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110 &#116&#101&#114&#109 applied to any &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#101 and/or &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#105&#110&#101&#46 &#73&#116 &#119&#97&#115 &#105&#110&#118&#101&#110&#116&#101&#100 by a Life Magazine editor in l957 ( see Wasson, l957). Psilocybe cubensis is known in Australia as "golden tops", "gold tops" or sometimes "gold caps." <b>how to pick shrooms</b> The Australian epithets may have been given to this species by &#109&#101&#109&#98&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#102 &#97 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#108&#44 drugusing group of surfers which frequented the Gold Coast region of Eastern Australia; however, some of these &#110&#97&#109&#101&#115 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#97&#112&#112&#97&#114&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121 &#98&#101&#101&#110 used <i>how to pick shrooms</i> to describe several different &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#98&#121 users in Australia (see Allen, &#49&#57&#57&#55&#41&#46 &#65&#115 &#109&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110&#101&#100 &#97&#98&#111&#118&#101&#44 Psilocybe &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#105&#115 &#110&#111&#116 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 to <b>how to pick shrooms</b> occur in New Zealand. &#84&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#119&#104&#111 &#105&#110&#103&#101&#115&#116 &#67&#111&#112&#101&#108&#97&#110&#100&#105&#97 cyanescens, &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#101&#119 &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100 as "blue meanies", &#97&#108&#115&#111 &#114&#101&#102&#101&#114 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#105&#115 species as "Blue Legs", "golden tops" or "gold caps". The latter two nicknames, as &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#97&#115 &#34&#100&#105&#109&#112&#108&#101 &#116&#111&#112&#115&#34 and &#34&#99&#111&#110&#101 &#104&#101&#97&#100&#115&#34&#44 <H2>mushrooms name mushrooms magic mushrooms</H2> &#97&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110 terms <i>how to pick shrooms</i> applied to Copelandia cyanescens in the Hawaiian Islands; and some of &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#115&#97&#109&#101 &#112&#111&#112&#117&#108&#97&#114 &#110&#97&#109&#101&#115 have also &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#117&#115&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 surfers &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#98&#111&#116&#104 &#78&#101&#119 &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100 &#97&#110&#100 Australia, to describe the macroscopic characteristics of Copelandia cyanescens.<br> These same surfers visiting &#72&#97&#119&#97&#105&#105&#39&#115 &#78&#111&#114&#116&#104 &#83&#104&#111&#114&#101 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100&#108&#121 &#105&#110&#103&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 prior to surfing, as do &#109&#97&#110&#121 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#108&#108&#121 based surfers in Australia and NZ. </p> </p> <p>as well. Below are some excerpts from his research protocols: J.H. (a 24-year-old male) ingested four cooked mushrooms at night, after a meal (!), and then ate another three fresh mushrooms 30 minutes later. This was followed by regurgitation, and 45 minutes later, he started to sweat profusely all over his head and body. His pulse rate and breathing were accelerated, but slowed down later on. He laid down and experienced visual hallucinations, which caused him to panic and to run a distance of about 1,200 ft. to consult the nearest doctor. The physician noted widely dilated pupils, and proceeded to have the patient's stomach pumped and then prescribed laxatives. Three hours later, the abnormal state had largely subsided; by the next morning, there was no evidence of any other side effects. M.K. (a 22-year-old male) ate just one fresh mushroom, which had no effects at all. K .Y. (a 31-year-old male) ate five mushrooms. Regurgitation occurred 30 minutes after ingestion, followed by sweating around the head and body; his extremities appeared to be slightly paralyzed. This paralysis persisted for another three hours. During this time, the subject had great difficulties handling a pen for writing, his mood was depressed and he experienced hallucinations, such as colorful lights flooding down from the sky. By the following morning, all of these effects had dissipated. The fresh fruiting bodies were bitter, a taste that disappeared after the mushrooms had been cooked in water. The above experiments are rather amateurish, and the descriptions of results are heavily influenced by a simplistic perspective which assumes that the mushrooms's pharmacological effects proceed along a single, narrow track. Still, these accounts demonstrate that comparable dosages of Japanese mushroom species have psychotropic effects similar to those caused by Psilocybe species found on other continents. Much work still remains to be done in the areas of phytochemistry and taxonomy before the body of knowledge about psychotropic mushroom species in Japan can grow to become adequate. The geographic distribution and ingredients of the Japanese Panaeolus species must also be studied further. For instance, Panaeolus subbalteatus is one of the species that are growing on several Japanese islands today. CHAPTER 7.6 INTOXICATIONS AND THE OLDEST KNOWN MUSHROOM CULT IN AFRICA So far, the mycoflora of the African continent has been studied only peripherally and remains largely unknown. During the late 1980s, Italian mycologist G. Samorini and Terence McKenna, working independently, found evidence for the oldest known mushroom cult in Africa. Their discoveries were not just sensational, but most surprising as well. On the other hand, it really shouldn't come as a surprise that the oldest traces of human contact with mushrooms were found on the very continent known as the cradle of humanity. 10,000 Years Old From 9,000 to ecialize in the study of Psilocybes, despite the fact that Psilocybe semilanceata is the most common and conspicuous species among the Psilocybes. Also, mushroom lovers whose interests are not purely scientific (see Chapter 7.4) do not usually preserve their knowledge for posterity in the form of distribution maps. However, there is one map from 1986, which shows the distribution pattern of Psilocybe semilanceata across Germany (see Figure 20, p. 28). Almost no published information is available about locations where Psilocybe species have been found in eastern Germany. During my own field trips, I have discovered Psilocybe semilanceata specimens in various locations, such as near my hometown of Mansfeld in the Vorharz Mountains, in the marshlands of Duben as well as in other eastern German marshland areas. In addition, friends who are also mycologists have told me about finding the mushrooms in other parts of the country. A book published in 1952 is among the rare sources that includes details about specimens discovered in the southeastern state of Saxony (see Figure 16, p. 23). The Psilocybe species grow most abundantly on wet pastures surrounded by forest areas. In my experience, Psilocybe semilanceata grows in most of Germany's forestlands. The species fruits during the fall, from late September through October. It favors acidic soil and grassy terrain alongside trails or around the edges of forest lands. Specimens are generally clustered in small groups of 30 mushrooms or less. Deer droppings or other animal feces are usually present at those locations, even though the mushrooms never grow directly on top of dung. Occasionally, extremely stunted specimens may be found in the mountains by the side of the road. The soil below older cow pastures provides an excellent medium for extensive mycelial growth. In some locations, large areas yield an abundance of fruiting bodies, mirroring the extent of mycelial saturation in the soil. Given adequate moisture, maximum yields can be expected, if the pasture was grazed at least once during the weeks before fruiting season. However, the mushrooms also thrive under similar conditions on horse and sheep pastures. Such grassy areas inside forests are usually grazing areas for deer, who provide the soil with additional fertilization. However, Psilocybe semilanceata does not grow in locations where artificial fertilizer has been used. Such pastures are often flanked by creeks or swamp lands, which saturate the soil with water. During the summertime, the warm climate in these wet areas provides an excellent environment for optimal mycelial growth. In Germany, the mushroom's habitat ranges from the coastal areas to mountainous regions, where the species has been found at altitudes of up to 1,720 m (5,160 ft) above sea level (MTB-8443, 1985). In the former Czechoslovakia, samples have been collected at altitudes ranging from 330 to 1,000 m (1,000 - &#73&#116 &#104&#97&#115 &#98&#101&#101&#110 suggested &#98&#121 &#97&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110 &#112&#104&#121&#115&#105&#99&#105&#97&#110 that the &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#112&#117&#98&#108&#105&#99 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#44 as well as &#109&#101&#109&#98&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#102 &#105&#116&#115 &#100&#114&#117&#103 using subculture, first became aware of <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/drug+shrooms+info/" title="Drug Shrooms Info" alt="Drug Shrooms Info" >Drug Shrooms Info</a> the visionary properties of &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#98&#121 a visiting surfer(s), who &#99&#97&#109&#101 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#101&#105&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#78&#101&#119 Zealand or the United States (Hawaii) and most likely provided ethnomycological information to local &#115&#117&#114&#102&#101&#114&#115 &#40&#77&#99&#67&#97&#114&#116&#104&#121&#44 &#49&#57&#55&#49&#41&#46 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/mushroomkitaquarium.php" title="Mushroomkitaquarium" alt="Mushroomkitaquarium" >Mushroomkitaquarium</a> &#84&#104&#105&#115 physician reported that the &#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#44 as well as 21 other drugs "was well demonstrated &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#97 &#115&#117&#114&#118&#101&#121 &#111&#110 drug abuse &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#119&#97&#115 &#99&#111&#110&#100&#117&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#105&#110 Southern Queensland during l969." This survey relied on &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#118&#105&#101&#119&#115 &#111&#102 &#53&#49 &#112&#101&#111&#112&#108&#101 belonging to "the `surfer' subculture local beach resorts". In this report, the &#100&#111&#99&#116&#111&#114 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#34&#97&#108&#116&#104&#111&#117&#103&#104 the survey involved surfers and their female friends, there is no suggestion that the use &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#100&#114&#117&#103&#115 &#105&#115 confined &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#103&#114&#111&#117&#112&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 constitutes but a proportion of our (Australian) young &#100&#114&#117&#103 &#116&#97&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#117&#110&#105&#116&#121&#46&#34 &#73&#116 is thus likely that word-of-mouth &#99&#111&#109&#109&#117&#110&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#109&#97&#100&#101 &#97 &#115&#105&#103&#110&#105&#102&#105&#99&#97&#110&#116 contribution to &#116&#104&#101 &#105&#110&#99&#114&#101&#97&#115&#105&#110&#103 &#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 "magic mushrooms" in &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#90&#46 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/pluteussalicinuspic.php" title="Pluteussalicinuspic" alt="Pluteussalicinuspic" >Pluteussalicinuspic</a> <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/mushroom+spores.php" title="Mushroom Spores" alt="Mushroom Spores" >Mushroom Spores</a> There &#97&#114&#101 &#109&#111&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#49 dozen species of "magic mushrooms" in Australia and New Mind-altering (psilocybine containing) mushrooms have been traditionally used in religious healing and curing ceremonies by native <p align="center"> Mind-altering (psilocybine containing) &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#116&#114&#97&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121 used in <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/growing+kits/psilocybe+heimii.php" title="Growing Kits Psilocybe Heimii" alt="Growing Kits Psilocybe Heimii" >Growing Kits Psilocybe Heimii</a> religious healing <b>In Found Found In</b> and curing <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magic+mushrooms+spores+from+mexico.php" title="Magic Mushrooms Spores From Mexico" alt="Magic Mushrooms Spores From Mexico" >Magic Mushrooms Spores From Mexico</a> &#99&#101&#114&#101&#109&#111&#110&#105&#101&#115 <H2>In Found Found In</H2> &#98&#121 &#110&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101 </p> Most recreational users of Psilocybe <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/psilocybe+caerulipes/shrooms+spore.php" title="Psilocybe Caerulipes Shrooms Spore" alt="Psilocybe Caerulipes Shrooms Spore" >Psilocybe Caerulipes Shrooms Spore</a> cubensis (when <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/how+to+spawn+shrooms.php" title="How Spawn To Shrooms" alt="How Spawn To Shrooms" >How Spawn To Shrooms</a> grown in &#118&#105&#116&#114&#111&#41 &#114&#101&#113&#117&#105&#114&#101 &#97 &#100&#111&#115&#97&#103&#101 of </p> </div> <div id="footer"> <div class="left"> <a href="/Articles.html" class="doNotPrint">Forum</a><br /> <a href="/Archives.html" class="doNotPrint">Contact</a> </div> <br class="doNotDisplay doNotPrint" /> <div class="right"> copyright © 2006 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/mexican+gold+mushrooms.php" title="Mexican Gold Mushrooms" alt="Mexican Gold Mushrooms" >Mexican Gold Mushrooms</a><br /> design by <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/shroomsdrawingofdeathtrees.php" title="Shroomsdrawingofdeathtrees" alt="Shroomsdrawingofdeathtrees" >Shroomsdrawingofdeathtrees</a> </div></div> </body>