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href="http://jigsaw.w3.org/css-validator/check/referer">CSS</a> of this page. </span> </div> </div> <div id="main-copy"> <h1 id="introduction">To How Grow Mush To</h1> <p><img border="5" src="/images/Myspace-Contact-Tables-Waves-Ocean-Pictures-Of-Eve" > by A. <H2> cow manure mushrooms</H2> Hofmann, Sandoz &#80&#104&#97&#114&#109&#97&#99&#101&#117&#116&#105&#99&#97&#108&#115&#13&#10&#109&#97&#110&#117&#102&#97&#99&#116&#117&#114&#101&#100 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#50 &#107&#103 (ca. &#52&#46&#52&#108&#98&#115&#41 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#112&#117&#114&#101 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 &#102&#111&#114 scientific research purposes. The &#114&#101&#115&#117&#108&#116&#115 &#111&#102 &#112&#104&#97&#114&#109&#97&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#116&#101&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#115&#111&#111&#110 revealed psilocybin as an alkaloid that was perfectly &#115&#97&#102&#101 &#102&#111&#114 &#104&#117&#109&#97&#110 &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#115 under &#99&#111&#110&#116&#114&#111&#108&#108&#101&#100&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#109&#101&#110&#116&#97&#108 &#99&#111&#110&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#46 &#68&#101&#115&#112&#105&#116&#101 &#116&#104&#105&#115 evidence, the anti-drug legislative framework of the &#109&#105&#100&#49&#57&#54&#48&#115&#13&#10&#102&#105&#114&#109&#108&#121 &#101&#115&#116&#97&#98&#108&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 &#97&#110 &#34&#111&#102&#102&#105&#99&#105&#97&#108 mycophobia", &#97&#13&#10&#109&#105&#115&#103&#117&#105&#100&#101&#100&#44 &#121&#101&#116 &#101&#110&#116&#114&#101&#110&#99&#104&#101&#100 &#112&#111&#108&#105&#99&#121 that still prevails today and effectively prevents the scientific investigation of promising &#112&#111&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#97&#108 &#97&#112&#112&#108&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#13&#10&#102&#111&#114 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 &#97&#110&#100 other alkaloids. &#65&#116 &#116&#104&#101 how to grow magic mush &#115&#97&#109&#101&#13&#10&#116&#105&#109&#101&#44 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108 and biochemical research studies &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#115&#104&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#99&#111&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 thrive all over the world and can be found on all continents. These mushrooms are &#110&#111 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#97&#110&#121 other mycoflora and must not be &#101&#120&#99&#108&#117&#100&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109&#13&#10&#115&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99 &#105&#110&#118&#101&#115&#116&#105&#103&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#98&#101&#99&#97&#117&#115&#101 of their alkaloid content. In <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/psilocybincultivationcowmanure.asp" title="Psilocybincultivationcowmanure" alt="Psilocybincultivationcowmanure" >Psilocybincultivationcowmanure</a> addition to overall variations in value systems across <H1> cow manure mushrooms</H1> cultures, individuals tend to develop their own personal attitudes towards mushrooms in cow manure mushrooms general. Oftentimes, the evolution of specific opinions &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#99&#97&#110 &#98&#101&#13&#10&#116&#114&#97&#99&#101&#100 back &#116&#111 &#99&#104&#105&#108&#100&#104&#111&#111&#100 &#101&#118&#101&#110&#116&#115&#44 &#101&#118&#101&#110 though such early experiences seldom account for the development of prevailing &#98&#105&#97&#115&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 <u> how to grow magic mush</u> &#118&#97&#108&#117&#101&#13&#10&#115&#121&#115&#116&#101&#109&#115 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 in life. I &#114&#101&#99&#97&#108&#108 &#97&#110 &#105&#110&#99&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116 &#102&#114&#111&#109 my own childhood, which occurred when I was about five years old. &#73 &#119&#97&#115 &#112&#108&#97&#121&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#110 a grassy meadow, when a girl pointed to a brown mushroom and earnestly explained &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#105&#116 &#119&#97&#115 &#105&#110&#101&#100&#105&#98&#108&#101 and poisonous. While I have never forgotten this encounter, &#73 &#100&#105&#100&#13&#10&#103&#114&#111&#119 &#117&#112 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/Laughing+Jims/" title="LAUGHING how to grow magic mush LAUGHING" alt="LAUGHING how to grow magic mush LAUGHING" >LAUGHING how to grow magic mush LAUGHING</a> &#116&#111 become a devoted mushroom enthusiast. On &#116&#104&#101 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#104&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#97 different childhood event has left me with the vivid memory of discovering &#97 &#108&#97&#110&#100&#102&#105&#108&#108 &#118&#105&#114&#116&#117&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#101&#100 with vast numbers of gilled bluing mushrooms &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#115&#101&#110&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#97&#119&#101 &#73 experienced contemplating this sight. In general, &#116&#104&#101 &#117&#110&#117&#115&#117&#97&#108 &#99&#104&#97&#114&#97&#99&#116&#101&#114&#105&#115&#116&#105&#99&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 mushrooms are most likely responsible for strong impressions formed early in &#108&#105&#102&#101&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#116&#104&#101&#110&#13&#10&#109&#97&#121 &#100&#101&#118&#101&#108&#111&#112 &#105&#110&#116&#111 various &#97&#116&#116&#105&#116&#117&#100&#101&#115 &#111&#114 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#102&#115 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114&#13&#10&#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#65&#110 enduring personal &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#101&#115&#116 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 can serve to amplify or diminish mycophobic as well as mycophilic dispositions, depending on &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#105&#110&#102&#108&#117&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#111&#102 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#102&#97&#99&#116&#111&#114&#115&#46 After all, judgments about the benefit or folly of deliberately altering one's state of consciousness are also colored by individual preferences, &#98&#105&#97&#115&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#111&#112&#105&#110&#105&#111&#110&#115&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 chapters are meant to illustrate this diversity of attitudes towards psychotropic mushrooms. &#68&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#112&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#102 &#112&#108&#97&#110&#110&#101&#100&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 &#105&#110&#118&#111&#108&#117&#110&#116&#97&#114&#121 experiments with &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#102&#105&#99&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#102&#102&#101&#114 &#99&#111&#110&#118&#105&#110&#99&#105&#110&#103 evidence &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115 &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 mushrooms &#97&#114&#101 &#111&#112&#101&#110 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#109&#97&#110&#121 &#112&#111&#115&#115&#105&#98&#108&#101 interpretations.<br> CHAPTER 3 THE CURRENT STATE OF KNOWLEDGE ABOUT EUROPEAN &#83&#80&#69&#67&#73&#69&#83&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#55 &#45 &#68&#105&#115&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 pattern &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#97&#99&#114&#111&#115&#115 Europe and North Africa (according to Krieglsteiner).<br> Black &#100&#111&#116&#115 &#105&#110&#100&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101 &#97&#112&#112&#114&#111&#120&#105&#109&#97&#116&#101 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111 The question of dosage is often confused by the variation in the source of the hallucinogenic mushroom species which is consumed. Dosages for Psilocybe australiana Guzmán & Watling, Psilocybe eucalypta Guzmán & &#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#109&#101&#109&#98&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#102 &#97 family eat the mushrooms together: it is &#110&#111&#116 &#117&#110&#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110 &#102&#111&#114 &#97 father, mother, children, uncles, and aunts to all participate in these &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#102&#111&#114&#109&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#105&#110&#100 that elevate consciousness onto a higher plan. The kinship relation is thus &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#97&#115&#105&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 transcendental subjectivity that Husserl said is intersubjectivity. The mushrooms themselves are eaten in pairs, &#97 &#99&#111&#117&#112&#108&#101 &#114&#101&#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#109&#97&#110 &#97&#110&#100 woman that symbolizes the dual principle of procreation and creation. Then they sit &#116&#111&#103&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#105&#110&#110&#101&#114 light, dream and realize &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#111&#110&#118&#101&#114&#115&#101 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#101&#97&#99&#104 other, presences seated there together, their &#98&#111&#100&#105&#101&#115 &#105&#109&#109&#97&#116&#101&#114&#105&#97&#108&#105&#122&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#116&#104&#101 blackness, voices from without their communality. In a general sense, for everyone present the purpose of the session &#105&#115 &#97 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#97&#112&#101&#117&#116&#105&#99 &#99&#97&#116&#104&#97&#114&#115&#105&#115&#46 The chemicals of transformation of revelation that &#111&#112&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#105&#114&#99&#117&#105&#116&#115 &#111&#102 light, vision, and communication, called by us &#109&#105&#110&#100&#45&#109&#97&#110&#105&#102&#101&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103&#44 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111 the American Indians as &#109&#101&#100&#105&#99&#105&#110&#101&#115&#58 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#101&#97&#110&#115 &#103&#105&#118&#101&#110 &#116&#111 &#109&#101&#110 to know and &#116&#111 &#104&#101&#97&#108&#44 &#116&#111 &#115&#101&#101 and to say the truth. Among &#116&#104&#101 &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#101&#99&#115&#44 &#109&#97&#110&#121&#44 &#111&#110&#101 time or another during their lives, have eaten the mushrooms, whether to &#99&#117&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#109&#115&#101&#108&#118&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#97&#110 ailment or to resolve a &#112&#114&#111&#98&#108&#101&#109&#59 &#98&#117&#116 &#105&#116 &#105&#115 &#110&#111&#116 everyone who has a predilection for such extreme and arduous &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101 imagination or who &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#119&#97&#110&#116 &#116&#111 &#114&#101&#112&#101&#97&#116 such &#106&#111&#117&#114&#110&#101&#121&#115 &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#114&#97&#110&#103&#101&#44 unknown depths of the &#98&#114&#97&#105&#110 &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#102&#114&#101&#113&#117&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121&#58 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 who do are &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#104&#97&#109&#97&#110&#115&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#115&#116&#101&#114&#115&#44 whose vocation &#105&#116 &#105&#115 &#116&#111 &#101&#97&#116 the mushrooms because they are the men of &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#105&#114&#105&#116&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#101&#110 &#111&#102 &#108&#97&#110&#103&#117&#97&#103&#101&#44 the men of wisdom. They are individuals recognized by &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#112&#101&#111&#112&#108&#101 &#116&#111 &#98&#101 expert in such psychological &#97&#100&#118&#101&#110&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 others eat the mushrooms they always call to be with them, as &#97 &#103&#117&#105&#100&#101&#44 &#111&#110&#101 &#111&#102 those who is considered to be particularly acquainted &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#111&#100&#97&#108&#105&#116&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#102 the spirit. &#84&#104&#101 &#109&#101&#100&#105&#99&#105&#110&#101 &#109&#97&#110 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#105&#100&#101&#115 over the session, for just as &#116&#104&#101 &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#101&#99 &#102&#97&#109&#105&#108&#121 &#105&#115 paternal and authoritarian, the liberating experience unfolds in the authoritarian context &#111&#102 &#97 &#115&#105&#116&#117&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#110 which, rather than &#98&#101&#105&#110&#103 &#97&#108&#108&#111&#119&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#115&#112&#101&#97&#107 or encouraged to express themselves, &#101&#118&#101&#114&#121&#111&#110&#101 &#105&#115 &#101&#110&#106&#111&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#116&#111 keep silent and &#108&#105&#115&#116&#101&#110 &#119&#104&#105&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#104&#97&#109&#97&#110 speaks for each of those who are present.<br> As one of the early Spanish chroniclers &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#78&#101&#119 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100 said: &#34&#84&#104&#101&#121 &#112&#97&#121 &#97 &#115&#111&#114&#99&#101&#114&#101&#114 who eats them the mushrooms] and &#116&#101&#108&#108&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#109 &#119&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101&#121 have taught &#104&#105&#109&#46 &#72&#101 &#100&#111&#101&#115 &#115&#111 by means of a rhythmic chant in full voice."several members of a family eat the mushrooms together: &#105&#116 &#105&#115 &#110&#111&#116 &#117&#110&#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110 for a father, mother, children, uncles, and aunts to all participate in these transformations of the &#109&#105&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#101&#108&#101&#118&#97&#116&#101 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115 onto a higher plan. The kinship &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#115 &#116&#104&#117&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#97&#115&#105&#115 of the transcendental <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/identifying+magic+mushrooms/" title="Identifying Magic Mushrooms" alt="Identifying Magic Mushrooms" >Identifying Magic Mushrooms</a> &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#105&#118&#105&#116&#121 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#72&#117&#115&#115&#101&#114&#108 &#115&#97&#105&#100 is intersubjectivity. The &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#109&#115&#101&#108&#118&#101&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#101&#97&#116&#101&#110 in pairs, a couple representing man and &#119&#111&#109&#97&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#115&#121&#109&#98&#111&#108&#105&#122&#101&#115 &#116&#104&#101 dual principle of procreation and creation. Then they sit together in their inner light, dream and realize and converse with each &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#115&#101&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 together, their bodies immaterialized by the blackness, &#118&#111&#105&#99&#101&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#119&#105&#116&#104&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 communality. In a general sense, for everyone present the purpose &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#101&#115&#115&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#115 a therapeutic catharsis. The chemicals of transformation of &#114&#101&#118&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#111&#112&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 circuits of light, vision, and &#99&#111&#109&#109&#117&#110&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#99&#97&#108&#108&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#117&#115 mind-manifesting, were known to the American Indians as medicines: the means given to &#109&#101&#110 &#116&#111 &#107&#110&#111&#119 &#97&#110&#100 to &#104&#101&#97&#108&#44 &#116&#111 &#115&#101&#101 &#97&#110&#100 to say the truth.<br> Among the Mazatecs, many, one time or another during their lives, have eaten the mushrooms, whether to cure themselves of an ailment or to &#114&#101&#115&#111&#108&#118&#101 &#97 &#112&#114&#111&#98&#108&#101&#109&#59 &#98&#117&#116 it is not everyone who has a predilection for such extreme and &#97&#114&#100&#117&#111&#117&#115 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101 imagination or who would &#119&#97&#110&#116 &#116&#111 &#114&#101&#112&#101&#97&#116 &#115&#117&#99&#104 journeys into the &#115&#116&#114&#97&#110&#103&#101&#44 &#117&#110&#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#100&#101&#112&#116&#104&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 brain very frequently: those who do are the &#115&#104&#97&#109&#97&#110&#115&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#115&#116&#101&#114&#115&#44 &#119&#104&#111&#115&#101 vocation it is &#116&#111 &#101&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 because they are the &#109&#101&#110 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#105&#114&#105&#116&#44 the &#109&#101&#110 &#111&#102 &#108&#97&#110&#103&#117&#97&#103&#101&#44 &#116&#104&#101 men of &#119&#105&#115&#100&#111&#109&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#114&#101 &#105&#110&#100&#105&#118&#105&#100&#117&#97&#108&#115 recognized by their people to be expert &#105&#110 &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#97&#100&#118&#101&#110&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115&#44 and when the &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#115 &#101&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 they always &#99&#97&#108&#108 &#116&#111 &#98&#101 &#119&#105&#116&#104 them, as a guide, one of those who is considered to &#98&#101 &#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#97&#99&#113&#117&#97&#105&#110&#116&#101&#100 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 modalities of the spirit. &#84&#104&#101 &#109&#101&#100&#105&#99&#105&#110&#101 &#109&#97&#110 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#105&#100&#101&#115 over the session, for just as the Mazatec family is &#112&#97&#116&#101&#114&#110&#97&#108 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#117&#116&#104&#111&#114&#105&#116&#97&#114&#105&#97&#110&#44 &#116&#104&#101 liberating experience &#117&#110&#102&#111&#108&#100&#115 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#97&#117&#116&#104&#111&#114&#105&#116&#97&#114&#105&#97&#110 context of a &#115&#105&#116&#117&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#110 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104&#44 &#114&#97&#116&#104&#101&#114 than &#98&#101&#105&#110&#103 &#97&#108&#108&#111&#119&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#115&#112&#101&#97&#107 or &#101&#110&#99&#111&#117&#114&#97&#103&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#101&#120&#112&#114&#101&#115&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#109&#115&#101&#108&#118&#101&#115&#44 everyone is &#101&#110&#106&#111&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#107&#101&#101&#112 &#115&#105&#108&#101&#110&#116 and &#108&#105&#115&#116&#101&#110 &#119&#104&#105&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#104&#97&#109&#97&#110 speaks for each of &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#119&#104&#111 &#97&#114&#101 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#116&#46 As one of &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#83&#112&#97&#110&#105&#115&#104 &#99&#104&#114&#111&#110&#105&#99&#108&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#102 the New World said: "They pay a sorcerer who eats them the &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#93 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#101&#108&#108&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#109 what &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#116&#97&#117&#103&#104&#116 &#104&#105&#109&#46 &#72&#101 does so by means of a &#114&#104&#121&#116&#104&#109&#105&#99 &#99&#104&#97&#110&#116 &#105&#110 &#102&#117&#108&#108 voice."several members &#111&#102 &#97 &#102&#97&#109&#105&#108&#121 &#101&#97&#116 the mushrooms together: it is not uncommon for a father, mother, children, uncles, &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#117&#110&#116&#115 &#116&#111 &#97&#108&#108 participate in these transformations of the mind that elevate consciousness onto a higher &#112&#108&#97&#110&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#107&#105&#110&#115&#104&#105&#112 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 is &#116&#104&#117&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#97&#115&#105&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 transcendental subjectivity that Husserl said is intersubjectivity. The mushrooms themselves are eaten in pairs, a couple representing man and woman that symbolizes the dual principle of procreation and creation.<br> Then &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#115&#105&#116 &#116&#111&#103&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#105&#110 their inner &#108&#105&#103&#104&#116&#44 &#100&#114&#101&#97&#109 &#97&#110&#100 &#114&#101&#97&#108&#105&#122&#101 and converse with each other, presences seated there together, their &#98&#111&#100&#105&#101&#115 &#105&#109&#109&#97&#116&#101&#114&#105&#97&#108&#105&#122&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#116&#104&#101 blackness, voices &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#119&#105&#116&#104&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#117&#110&#97&#108&#105&#116&#121&#46 In &#97 &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#115&#101&#110&#115&#101&#44 &#102&#111&#114 everyone present the &#112&#117&#114&#112&#111&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#101&#115&#115&#105&#111&#110 is a therapeutic catharsis. &#84&#104&#101 &#99&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97&#108&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#102&#111&#114&#109&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 of revelation that open the &#99&#105&#114&#99&#117&#105&#116&#115 &#111&#102 &#108&#105&#103&#104&#116&#44 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#97&#110&#100 communication, called by us mind-manifesting, were known to the &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97&#110 &#73&#110&#100&#105&#97&#110&#115 &#97&#115 &#109&#101&#100&#105&#99&#105&#110&#101&#115&#58 the means given to men to know and to heal, to see and &#116&#111 &#115&#97&#121 &#116&#104&#101 &#116&#114&#117&#116&#104&#46 Among the &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#101&#99&#115&#44 &#109&#97&#110&#121&#44 &#111&#110&#101 &#116&#105&#109&#101 or another during &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#108&#105&#118&#101&#115&#44 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#101&#97&#116&#101&#110 the mushrooms, whether to cure themselves of an ailment or &#116&#111 &#114&#101&#115&#111&#108&#118&#101 &#97 &#112&#114&#111&#98&#108&#101&#109&#59 but it is not everyone who has a predilection for such extreme and arduous experiences of the creative imagination or &#119&#104&#111 &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#119&#97&#110&#116 &#116&#111 repeat such journeys into the strange, unknown depths &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#114&#97&#105&#110 &#118&#101&#114&#121 frequently: those who &#100&#111 &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#104&#97&#109&#97&#110&#115&#44 the masters, whose vocation it is to &#101&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#98&#101&#99&#97&#117&#115&#101 they are the men of the &#115&#112&#105&#114&#105&#116&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#101&#110 &#111&#102 language, the men of wisdom. They &#97&#114&#101 &#105&#110&#100&#105&#118&#105&#100&#117&#97&#108&#115 &#114&#101&#99&#111&#103&#110&#105&#122&#101&#100 &#98&#121 their &#112&#101&#111&#112&#108&#101 &#116&#111 &#98&#101 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#116 in such psychological adventures, and when the &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#115 &#101&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 they always call to be with &#116&#104&#101&#109&#44 &#97&#115 &#97 &#103&#117&#105&#100&#101&#44 one &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#119&#104&#111 &#105&#115 considered to be &#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#97&#99&#113&#117&#97&#105&#110&#116&#101&#100 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 modalities of &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#105&#114&#105&#116&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#109&#101&#100&#105&#99&#105&#110&#101 man presides over the session, for &#106&#117&#115&#116 &#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#101&#99 family is paternal and authoritarian, the &#108&#105&#98&#101&#114&#97&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#117&#110&#102&#111&#108&#100&#115 &#105&#110 the authoritarian context of a situation &#105&#110 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104&#44 &#114&#97&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#97&#110 being allowed to speak or &#101&#110&#99&#111&#117&#114&#97&#103&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#101&#120&#112&#114&#101&#115&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#109&#115&#101&#108&#118&#101&#115&#44 everyone &#105&#115 &#101&#110&#106&#111&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#107&#101&#101&#112 silent &#97&#110&#100 &#108&#105&#115&#116&#101&#110 &#119&#104&#105&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#101 shaman speaks for each of those who are present.<br> &#65&#115 &#111&#110&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 early Spanish chroniclers of the &#78&#101&#119 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100 &#115&#97&#105&#100&#58 &#34&#84&#104&#101&#121 &#112&#97&#121 a &#115&#111&#114&#99&#101&#114&#101&#114 &#119&#104&#111 &#101&#97&#116&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#109 the mushrooms and tells them what they have taught him. He &#100&#111&#101&#115 &#115&#111 &#98&#121 &#109&#101&#97&#110&#115 &#111&#102 a rhythmic chant in full voice."several members of a family &#101&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#116&#111&#103&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#58 it &#105&#115 &#110&#111&#116 &#117&#110&#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110 &#102&#111&#114 a father, mother, &#99&#104&#105&#108&#100&#114&#101&#110&#44 &#117&#110&#99&#108&#101&#115&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#117&#110&#116&#115 to all &#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#105&#112&#97&#116&#101 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#102&#111&#114&#109&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 of &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#105&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#101&#108&#101&#118&#97&#116&#101 consciousness onto a higher plan. The kinship relation is thus the basis of the transcendental subjectivity &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#72&#117&#115&#115&#101&#114&#108 &#115&#97&#105&#100 &#105&#115 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#105&#118&#105&#116&#121&#46 The mushrooms themselves are eaten in &#112&#97&#105&#114&#115&#44 &#97 &#99&#111&#117&#112&#108&#101 &#114&#101&#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#116&#105&#110&#103 man and woman that symbolizes the dual principle of procreation and creation. Then they sit together in their inner light, dream and realize and converse with &#101&#97&#99&#104 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#115&#101&#97&#116&#101&#100 there together, their bodies immaterialized by the &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#110&#101&#115&#115&#44 &#118&#111&#105&#99&#101&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#119&#105&#116&#104&#111&#117&#116 their communality. &#73&#110 &#97 &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#115&#101&#110&#115&#101&#44 &#102&#111&#114 everyone present &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#111&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 session is a &#116&#104&#101&#114&#97&#112&#101&#117&#116&#105&#99 &#99&#97&#116&#104&#97&#114&#115&#105&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#99&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97&#108&#115 &#111&#102 transformation of revelation that open the circuits of light, vision, and communication, called by us mind-manifesting, were known &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97&#110 &#73&#110&#100&#105&#97&#110&#115 as medicines: &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#101&#97&#110&#115 &#103&#105&#118&#101&#110 &#116&#111 men to know and to heal, to see and &#116&#111 &#115&#97&#121 &#116&#104&#101 &#116&#114&#117&#116&#104&#46 &#65&#109&#111&#110&#103 the Mazatecs, many, one time or another during their lives, have eaten the mushrooms, whether to &#99&#117&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#109&#115&#101&#108&#118&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#97&#110 ailment or to resolve a problem; but &#105&#116 &#105&#115 &#110&#111&#116 &#101&#118&#101&#114&#121&#111&#110&#101 who has &#97 &#112&#114&#101&#100&#105&#108&#101&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#102&#111&#114 &#115&#117&#99&#104 extreme and arduous experiences &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#105&#109&#97&#103&#105&#110&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 or &#119&#104&#111 &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#119&#97&#110&#116 &#116&#111 repeat such &#106&#111&#117&#114&#110&#101&#121&#115 &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#114&#97&#110&#103&#101&#44 unknown &#100&#101&#112&#116&#104&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#114&#97&#105&#110 very frequently: &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#119&#104&#111 &#100&#111 &#97&#114&#101 the shamans, the &#109&#97&#115&#116&#101&#114&#115&#44 &#119&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#118&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#116 is to eat the mushrooms because they are the men of the spirit, the men of &#108&#97&#110&#103&#117&#97&#103&#101&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#101&#110 &#111&#102 wisdom. They are individuals &#114&#101&#99&#111&#103&#110&#105&#122&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#112&#101&#111&#112&#108&#101 to be &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#116 &#105&#110 &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#97&#100&#118&#101&#110&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115&#44 and when the others eat the mushrooms they always call to be with &#116&#104&#101&#109&#44 &#97&#115 &#97 &#103&#117&#105&#100&#101&#44 one of those who is considered to be particularly acquainted with these modalities &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#105&#114&#105&#116&#46 &#84&#104&#101 medicine man presides over the session, for just &#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#101&#99 &#102&#97&#109&#105&#108&#121 is &#112&#97&#116&#101&#114&#110&#97&#108 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#117&#116&#104&#111&#114&#105&#116&#97&#114&#105&#97&#110&#44 &#116&#104&#101 liberating &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#117&#110&#102&#111&#108&#100&#115 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 authoritarian context of a &#115&#105&#116&#117&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#110 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104&#44 &#114&#97&#116&#104&#101&#114 than being allowed to speak or &#101&#110&#99&#111&#117&#114&#97&#103&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#101&#120&#112&#114&#101&#115&#115 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/shrooms+scientific+name.asp" title="Shrooms Scientific Name" alt="Shrooms Scientific Name" >Shrooms Scientific Name</a> &#116&#104&#101&#109&#115&#101&#108&#118&#101&#115&#44 &#101&#118&#101&#114&#121&#111&#110&#101 is &#101&#110&#106&#111&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#107&#101&#101&#112 &#115&#105&#108&#101&#110&#116 and listen while the shaman speaks for each of those &#119&#104&#111 &#97&#114&#101 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#116&#46 &#65&#115 one of the early Spanish chroniclers of the New World said: "They pay &#97 &#115&#111&#114&#99&#101&#114&#101&#114 &#119&#104&#111 &#101&#97&#116&#115 them the mushrooms and tells them what they &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#116&#97&#117&#103&#104&#116 &#104&#105&#109&#46 &#72&#101 &#100&#111&#101&#115 so by means of a rhythmic chant in full voice." <p align="justify"> The <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/shrooms+drawing+of+death+trees/" title="Shrooms Drawing Of Death Trees" alt="Shrooms Drawing Of Death Trees" >Shrooms Drawing Of Death Trees</a> first livestock to arrive in <H1> Figure 22 Psilocybe bohemica rhizomorphs growing on wet cardboard</H1> Australia were <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/usingcowdungforshrooms.asp" title="Usingcowdungforshrooms" alt="Usingcowdungforshrooms" >Usingcowdungforshrooms</a> brought from the &#67&#97&#112&#101 &#111&#102 &#71&#111&#111&#100 &#72&#111&#112&#101 <b>INDENTIFIION INDENTIFIION MUSHROOM INDENTIFIION</b> in </p> CATTLE AS A POSSIBLE DISPERSAL MECHANISM FOR PSYCHOACTIVE DUNG FUNGI One may ask the question, "how did these mushrooms arrive in Australia and New Zealand?" Well some species may be endemic,that is, they were already there naturally. Other species such as the above described dung-inhabiting mushrooms most likelyappeared after the introduction of cattle on the subcontinent.The first livestock to arrive in Australia were brought from the Cape of Good Hope in1788, and included 2 bulls and 5 cows, along with other domesticated farm animals. Byl803, the government owned approximately 1800 cattle, most of which were importedfrom the Cape, Calcutta, and the west coast of America. It was during this period thatsome of the visionary mushrooms mentioned in this field guide probably first appeared inAustralia (Unsigned, 1973). According to Australian mycologist John Burton Cleland(1934), "fungi growing in cow or horse-dung and confined to such habitats, must in thecase of Australia, all belong to introduced species". It is believed to have been the SouthAfrican dung beetle which may have actually spread the spores. According to Englishmycologist Roy Watling of the Royal Botanic Gardens in Glasgow, Scotland, "it must beremembered that fungi can change substrate preferences and there are coprophilousfungi on kangaroo droppings etc." Some mycologists who have studied the "magicmushrooms" in Australia and NZ claim that the "use of P. cubensis as a recreational drugtends to confirm the belief that some] farmers in early times may have] added one or two basidiomes gilled mushrooms] to a mealto liven it up and still do] Margot & Watling, 1981)." There &#97&#114&#101 &#109&#111&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#49 dozen species of "magic mushrooms" in Australia &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#101&#119 &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100&#46 &#70&#111&#117&#114 of these &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#100&#117&#110&#103 &#40&#109&#97&#110&#117&#114&#101&#41 &#105&#110&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 mushrooms. They include &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#97&#110&#100&#47&#111&#114 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 subcubensis (known locally as &#34&#103&#111&#108&#100 &#99&#97&#112&#115&#34 &#97&#110&#100&#47&#111&#114 &#34&#103&#111&#108&#100 &#116&#111&#112&#115&#34&#41&#44 Psilocybe subaeruginosa, and &#67&#111&#112&#101&#108&#97&#110&#100&#105&#97 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#40&#116&#104&#101 &#108&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114 is known locally as "blue meanies"). These four species contain the &#109&#105&#110&#100 &#97&#108&#116&#101&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#97&#108&#107&#97&#108&#111&#105&#100&#115 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#101 and psilocine &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#111&#115&#116 common hallucinogenic &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#46 &#73&#110 New Zealand, the <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/Dipropyltryptamine+poland.asp" title="Dipropyltryptamine Poland" alt="Dipropyltryptamine Poland" >Dipropyltryptamine Poland</a> most commonly used species are &#67&#111&#112&#101&#108&#97&#110&#100&#105&#97 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 semilanceata, the latter &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#105&#115 &#114&#101&#99&#111&#103&#110&#105&#122&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#111&#114&#108&#100 &#97&#115 the &#34&#108&#105&#98&#101&#114&#116&#121 &#99&#97&#112&#34&#41&#46 &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#110&#108&#121 occurs in manured soil and &#100&#111&#101&#115 &#110&#111&#116 &#103&#114&#111&#119 &#100&#105&#114&#101&#99&#116&#108&#121 from &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#117&#110&#103 &#111&#102 &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101&#44 sheep or other four legged farm animals. Psilocybe cubensis &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#112&#111&#112&#117&#108&#97&#114 &#111&#102 these species, is well known throughout much of the &#119&#111&#114&#108&#100&#59 &#104&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 is not known to occur in New Zealand. Other species described in this guide are known to occur &#105&#110 &#109&#97&#110&#117&#114&#101&#100 &#115&#111&#105&#108&#44 &#105&#110 pastures, meadows, grazing lands, &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#108&#97&#119&#110&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#105&#110 the &#98&#97&#114&#107 &#109&#117&#108&#99&#104 &#97&#110&#100 &#119&#111&#111&#100&#99&#104&#105&#112&#115 of deciduous woods. ulinary mushroom bears no resemblance, either in size or form, to Inocybe aeruginascens. Overall, however, these unfortunate cases have also contributed to our understanding of mushroom biochemistry. In this context, I want to emphasize once more that the hallucinogenic varieties among the Inocybes can easily be mistaken for those muscarine-producing Inocybe species that are extremely poisonous. As part of his investigation of the Psilocybe genus, Guzman noted a common trait among the hallucinogenic species, in addition to the bluing reaction: a flour-like smell or taste. Apart from the inherent subjective nature of our sense of smell and taste, a common odor is a trait that definitely does not apply to the European species (also see Chapter 3.2). Mycophile or Mycophobe? There are reports from the Western United States about people with expert knowledge of Psilocybe semilanceata - devoted mushroom hunters who can identify the species with drill and accuracy. At the same time, however, these experts cannot identify easily spotted common table mushrooms, nor are they able to differentiate the Agaricus species (champignons) from other mushrooms, even when these species grow on the same pasture. Such individuals, then, are not interested in species other than Psilocybe semilanceata. In my opinion, this attitude reflects a rare combination of mycophilia and mycophobia. A mushroom's spore dust provides important information needed to determine identity. A spore print is left by the gills when the cap is placed on black or white paper (depending on spore color). As the process takes several hours, a glass vessel must be placed over the cap to prevent drying. While useful, information obtained from spore analyses has its limitations, For instance, spores derived from mushrooms belonging to different genera may have the same color, but reveal basic differences under the microscope. There is also a high degree of similarity among spores from different Psilocybe species. Thus, the only way to prevent grave errors and potentially deadly intoxications is to rely on experienced experts for mushroom identification, a process that must include analysis of available ecological data. CHAPTER 5 THE BLUING PHENOMENON AND METOL TESTING: REALITY VS. WISHFUL THINKING As previously discussed in Chapters 3.1 and 3.7, the bluing reaction is characteristic of species that produce psilocybin. Still, for unknown reasons, some species or samples belonging to a genus that usually turns blue may not always change color, regardless of psilocybin content. Among the species that I have examined, Psilocybe bohemica displayed the most impressive bluing reaction. The caps of this species stain very quickly in reaction to pressure. Other species, such as Psilocybe cubensis (Earle) Sing. have stems that develop very intensely blue stains, while their caps do not exhibit the bluing reaction. By contrast, Psilocybe More than half of Australia's beef &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#99&#97&#110 &#98&#101 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 in the coastal areas of Queensland and New South Wales; and &#116&#104&#101 &#50&#48 &#116&#111 &#51&#48 inch (500-750mm) rainfall belt of Queensland, New &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104 &#87&#97&#108&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#111&#114&#116&#104&#101&#114&#110 Victoria, <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/united+states+coins.asp" title="United Coins United" alt="United Coins United" >United Coins United</a> generally provide &#97&#100&#101&#113&#117&#97&#116&#101 &#99&#108&#105&#109&#97&#116&#105&#99 &#101&#110&#118&#105&#114&#111&#110&#109&#101&#110&#116&#115 &#102&#111&#114 the growth of psilocybian &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#44 &#101&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#97&#102&#116&#101&#114 &#104&#101&#97&#118&#121 rains.<br> It &#104&#97&#115 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#115&#117&#103&#103&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 "Psilocybe cubensis &#119&#97&#115 &#105&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 accidentally &#98&#121 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#115&#101&#116&#116&#108&#101&#114&#115 &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 with their livestock." This &#115&#97&#109&#101 &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101 &#100&#105&#115&#112&#101&#114&#115&#97&#108 &#109&#101&#99&#104&#97&#110&#105&#115&#109 also probably applies &#116&#111 &#67&#111&#112&#101&#108&#97&#110&#100&#105&#97 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115&#44 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 subbalteatus &#97&#110&#100 &#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#97&#100&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 known to occur in or around the dung &#111&#102 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#114&#117&#109&#105&#110&#97&#110&#116&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#105&#115 includes Psilocybe semilanceata and the non-hallucinogenic "haymaker's" mushroom &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#105&#110&#97 &#102&#111&#101&#110&#105&#115&#101&#99&#105&#105&#46 &#87&#104&#105&#108&#101 &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101 are raised in all Australian states, as &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#97&#115 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 central lowlands, recreational users have been known &#116&#111 &#101&#120&#112&#111&#114&#116 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#112&#116&#105&#99 species to various areas &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 where they were collected. &#73&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#97&#115&#101 &#111&#102 New Zealand, hereafter referred to &#97&#115 &#78&#90&#44 &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#97&#114&#101 the primary source for Copelandia &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115&#44 &#98&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#34&#108&#105&#98&#101&#114&#116&#121 &#99&#97&#112&#34 mushroom &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#111&#110&#108&#121 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#115 in the manured soil &#111&#102 &#102&#111&#117&#114&#45&#108&#101&#103&#103&#101&#100 &#114&#117&#109&#105&#110&#97&#110&#116&#115 &#97&#110&#100 not directly from manure (Jansen, &#80&#101&#114&#115&#46 &#67&#111&#109&#109&#46&#44 &#49&#57&#56&#56&#41&#46 &#84&#104&#101 identification &#115&#101&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#103&#117&#105&#100&#101 <H2> hillucination mushrooms on cow poop</H2> documents reported locations for more than 1 dozen species &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#97&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#105&#110 Australia &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#90 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#109&#111&#115&#116 likely have &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#117&#115&#101&#100 &#97&#116 &#111&#110&#101 &#116&#105&#109&#101 or another for recreational purposes.<br> More than half of Australia's beef cattle can be found in the coastal areas of Queensland and New South Wales; and the 20 to 30 inch (500-750mm) rainfall belt of Queensland, New South Wales and Northern Victoria, generally provide adequate climatic environments for the growth of psilocybian mushrooms, especially after heavy rains. It has been suggested that "Psilocybe cubensis was introduced into Australia accidentally by early settlers along with their livestock." This same spore dispersal mechanism also probably applies to Copelandia cyanescens, Panaeolus subbalteatus and several additional species known to occur in or around the dung of other ruminants. This includes Psilocybe semilanceata and the non-hallucinogenic "haymaker's" mushroom Panaeolina foenisecii. While cattle are raised in all Australian states, as well as in the central lowlands, recreational users have been known to export these psychoptic species to various areas in Australia from areas where they were collected. In the case of New Zealand, hereafter referred to as NZ, cattle are the primary source for Copelandia cyanescens, but the "liberty cap" mushroom Psilocybe semilanceata only grows in the manured soil of four-legged ruminants and not directly from manure (Jansen, Pers. Comm., 1988). The identification section of this guide documents reported locations for more than 1 dozen species of psilocybian mushrooms in Australia and NZ which most likely have been used at one time or another for recreational purposes. &#73&#116 &#104&#97&#115 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#115&#117&#103&#103&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100 by an Australian physician that the &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#112&#117&#98&#108&#105&#99 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#44 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/doshroomsgrowincowshitfertilizer.asp" title="Doshroomsgrowincowshitfertilizer" alt="Doshroomsgrowincowshitfertilizer" >Doshroomsgrowincowshitfertilizer</a> &#97&#115 well &#97&#115 &#109&#101&#109&#98&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#102 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/doshroomsgrowincowshitfertilizer.asp" title="Doshroomsgrowincowshitfertilizer" alt="Doshroomsgrowincowshitfertilizer" >Doshroomsgrowincowshitfertilizer</a> &#105&#116&#115 drug using &#115&#117&#98&#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#44 Figure 22 Psilocybe bohemica rhizomorphs growing on wet cardboard <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/danger+of+shrooms.asp" title="Danger Of Shrooms" alt="Danger Of Shrooms" >Danger Of Shrooms</a> &#84&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#119&#104&#111 &#105&#110&#103&#101&#115&#116 <u> Figure 22 Psilocybe bohemica rhizomorphs growing on wet cardboard</u> &#67&#111&#112&#101&#108&#97&#110&#100&#105&#97 cyanescens, <i> Figure 22 Psilocybe bohemica rhizomorphs growing on wet cardboard</i> known in <p align="right"> &#101 &#99&#114&#101&#101&#107 &#111&#110 wood chips &#111&#102&#13&#10&#67&#97&#114&#112&#105&#110&#117&#115&#44 &#65&#108&#110&#117&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#83&#97&#108&#105&#120&#44 on raw compost mixtures &#111&#102 &#80&#105&#99&#101&#97&#44 &#80&#105&#110&#117&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#76&#97&#114&#105&#120 needles, as Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Figure 21 - &#70&#114&#117&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#99&#117&#114&#118&#101 &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 based on &#111&#98&#115&#101&#114&#118&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#97&#116 &#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108&#13&#10&#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#105&#110 the former &#67&#122&#101&#99&#104&#111&#115&#108&#111&#118&#97&#107&#105&#97&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#109&#121&#99&#101&#108&#105&#97 &#109&#97&#107&#101 &#117&#115&#101 of &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116 &#107&#105&#110&#100&#115&#13&#10&#111&#102 &#112&#108&#97&#110&#116 &#100&#101&#98&#114&#105&#115 and even &#103&#114&#111&#119 &#111&#110 &#119&#101&#116 &#99&#97&#114&#100&#98&#111&#97&#114&#100&#44&#13&#10&#119&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#121 develop into rhizomorphs just like they would in nature. Rhizomorphs are thick strands of mycelia &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#115&#101&#114&#118&#101 &#116&#111 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#112&#111&#114&#116&#13&#10&#110&#117&#116&#114&#105&#101&#110&#116&#115 and water. &#84&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#108&#115&#111 &#100&#101&#118&#101&#108&#111&#112 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#110&#115&#101&#13&#10&#98&#108&#117&#101 stains (see Figure &#50&#50&#41&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#50&#51&#13&#10&#68&#105&#115&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#112&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114&#110 &#111&#102 Psilocybe cyanescens in Germany &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#100&#106&#97&#99&#101&#110&#116 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115&#13&#10&#40&#97&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 Krieglsteiner). Locations are indicated &#98&#121 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107 &#100&#111&#116&#115&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#50&#50&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#98&#111&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97&#13&#10&#114&#104&#105&#122&#111&#109&#111&#114&#112&#104&#115 growing &#111&#110&#13&#10&#119&#101&#116 &#99&#97&#114&#100&#98&#111&#97&#114&#100&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#50&#52 &#45 Psilocybe cyanescens at a natural location (USA). Figure 25 - Psilocybe bohemica &#111&#110 &#116&#119&#105&#103&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#108&#101&#97&#118&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#73&#109&#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#105&#118&#101 &#69&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 bohemica is a very psychoactive species. Its effects &#97&#114&#101 &#118&#105&#118&#105&#100&#108&#121 &#100&#111&#99&#117&#109&#101&#110&#116&#101&#100 &#105&#110 the following account &#111&#102 &#111&#110&#101 &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108 &#115&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#115&#116&#39&#115&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101 as part of controlled clinical trials in Prague: About 30 mg of &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 &#105&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#13&#10&#116&#105&#115&#115&#117&#101 &#119&#97&#115 prepared &#105&#110 &#104&#111&#116 &#119&#97&#116&#101&#114&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 effects already noticeable ten &#109&#105&#110&#117&#116&#101&#115 &#97&#102&#116&#101&#114 &#105&#110&#103&#101&#115&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 &#73&#13&#10&#103&#114&#101&#119 increasingly quiet. &#65&#116 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116&#44 &#109&#121 &#108&#101&#103&#115 began to tingle, then my underarms as &#119&#101&#108&#108&#46 &#65&#115&#105&#100&#101 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#97&#13&#10&#100&#101&#101&#112&#101&#114 breathing rhythm, few other &#115&#111&#109&#97&#116&#105&#99 &#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115&#13&#10&#119&#101&#114&#101 &#110&#111&#116&#101&#100&#46 &#73&#110&#105&#116&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 there were fits of laughter caused by &#117&#110&#117&#115&#117&#97&#108 &#99&#111&#103&#110&#105&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#97&#115&#115&#111&#99&#105&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#59 &#116&#104&#105&#115&#13&#10&#108&#97&#117&#103&#104&#116&#101&#114 also <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/do+shrooms+grow+in+cow+shit+fertilizer.asp" title="Shrooms Shrooms Do Shit Shit Do Fertilizer" alt="Shrooms Shrooms Do Shit Shit Do Fertilizer" >Shrooms Shrooms Do Shit Shit Do Fertilizer</a> &#97&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#116&#119&#111 &#34&#115&#111&#98&#101&#114&#34 guides. A growing hyperacuity <H2> Figure 22 Psilocybe bohemica rhizomorphs growing on wet cardboard</H2> &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#102&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101 &#97&#98&#105&#108&#105&#116&#121 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#108&#105&#115&#116&#101&#110 to music, &#115&#111 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#86&#105&#118&#97&#108&#100&#105&#39&#115 &#34&#83&#112&#114&#105&#110&#103&#116&#105&#109&#101&#34&#13&#10&#99&#97&#117&#115&#101&#100 painful stabs &#105&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#114&#97&#105&#110&#46 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/how+to+growing+magic+mushrooms+at+home/" title="How To Growing Magic Mushrooms At Home" alt="How To Growing Magic Mushrooms At Home" >How To Growing Magic Mushrooms At Home</a> &#73 compared the pain to that &#99&#97&#117&#115&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#97 &#34&#115&#97&#119&#105&#110&#103 knife". The experimenters appeared bloated and yellow... Existing bodily characteristics, such as thinning hair stimulated a person's illusionary transformation &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#97 &#109&#111&#110&#107 &#119&#105&#116&#104 tonsure. Their voices also appeared reverent and, &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#97&#13&#10&#115&#111&#109&#101&#119&#104&#97&#116 &#112&#97&#114&#97&#110&#111&#105&#100 &#112&#111&#105&#110&#116 &#111&#102 view, &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#103&#101&#110&#116&#108&#101&#109&#101&#110&#13&#10&#97&#116 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 &#115&#101&#101&#109&#101&#100 to &#98&#101 &#119&#111&#114&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#97 &#115&#119&#105&#116&#99&#104&#105&#110&#103 station that, for some reasons, was my enemy.<br> At the same time, I &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#98&#111&#116&#104 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#109 to &#98&#101 &#113&#117&#105&#116&#101 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#97&#98&#108&#101&#46&#13&#10&#68&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#105&#115 time &#112&#101&#114&#105&#111&#100&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#102&#101&#109&#97&#108&#101 subject perceived fantastic images of moving &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#115 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#115&#97&#119 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#102 her whole life unfolding behind closed eyes. During this period, I had the distinct impression that an electrical &#99&#117&#114&#114&#101&#110&#116 &#119&#97&#115 &#102&#108&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#116&#104&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104 &#109&#121 &#98&#111&#100&#121&#44 which was not an uncomfortable sensation. About three hours later, the gentlemen retired to the &#107&#105&#116&#99&#104&#101&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101 &#111&#102 the experience changed quite drastically. At first I felt as if my legs were increasingly merging into &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#97&#108&#108&#44 &#97 &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#99&#111&#109&#102&#111&#114&#116&#97&#98&#108&#101&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#46 In a state of utter clarity of consciousness, I finally felt as if I had no body at all. I said. "The most descriptive expression &#105&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#111&#102 &#97 &#112&#117&#114&#101 soul". Using &#119&#111&#114&#100&#115 &#97&#115 &#116&#114&#105&#103&#103&#101&#114&#115&#44&#13&#10&#119&#101 &#119&#101&#114&#101 able to induce shared experiences &#111 </p> It has been suggested by an Australian physician that the general public in Australia, as well as members of its drug using subculture, first became aware of the visionary properties of these psychoactive mushrooms by a visiting surfer(s), who came from either New Zealand or the United States (Hawaii) and most likely provided ethnomycological information to local surfers (McCarthy, 1971). This physician reported that the use of psychoactive mushrooms, as well as 21 other drugs "was well demonstrated during a survey on drug abuse that was conducted in Southern Queensland during l969." This survey relied on interviews of 51 people belonging to "the `surfer' subculture local beach resorts". In this report, the doctor believed that "although the survey involved surfers and their female friends, there is no suggestion that the use of these drugs is confined to this group, which constitutes but a proportion of our (Australian) young drug taking community." It is thus likely that word-of-mouth communication made a significant contribution to the increasing use of "magic mushrooms" in Australia and NZ. , and who gorge themselves on our tax dollars. I met Jochen Gartz shortly after the fall of the Berlin Wall at the third symposium of the European College for the Study of Consciousness (ECSC) in Freiburg, Germany. Our encounter was my first contact with a researcher from the former East Germany. Jochen Gartz's enthusiastic lecture was a truly consciousnessexpanding event, his words breaking down traditional borders and crossing over into new territory. The magic mushrooms spoke through him - with no trace of dogma or ideology - in the tradition of true anarchy that is the hallmark of mushroom magic. What I heard was unbelievable. Jochen spoke of a "new" psychedelic mushroom and its migration. The mycelia had spread in concentric circles outward from Leipzig, jumping all political borders. Finally, when the mycelia reached West German soil, the hated Berlin Wall crumbled. Could there possibly be a connection between the evolution of the magic mushroom and the evolution of our consciousness? Could a mushroom have contributed to the resolution of our political conflicts? In the past, politicians, even popes, had their own jesters and magicians, who functioned as pressure release valves in the machinations of political power struggles. It is obvious that a country whose chancellor is being pelted with eggs, urgently needs a new breed of magician who are able to readjust reality. But today, no aspiring magician should go about this task without this book as a guide for the wondrous journey into the realm of magic mushrooms. Christian Rdtsch Figure 5 - "Anthropomorphic Beings Engaged in Mushroom Dance" 10,000-year-old rock drawing in Tassili, Sahara (Algeria) CHAPTER 1 I BELIEVE THE TIME HAS COME FOR A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF NEW FINDINGS FROM THE FIELDS OF MYCOLOGY, TAXONOMY AND NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY When R.G. Wasson, R. Heim and A. Hofmann began their interdisciplinary research program to study the Mexican species of mushrooms and their usage in Mexican mushroom cults, their efforts culminated in a 1958 landmark report that described the isolation, molecular structure and synthesis of the mushrooms' active ingredients: psilocybin and psilocin. Several years later, these substances were also identified in a species of mushroom in Europe, Psilocybe semilanceata, which became the first in a series of newly discovered species. Since then, psychoactive mushrooms from other genera have been reported with increasing frequency. As part of my analytical work dedicated to the identification of naturally occurring chemicals, I had the good fortune to be part of a research team that studied alkaloids found in a variety of mushroom species. Now I believe the time has come for a comprehensive review of new findings from the fields of mycology, taxonomy and natural products chemistry. Wasson and his successors have already provided detailed accounts pertaining to the history and study of the Me <p align="left"> &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#102&#97&#109&#105&#108&#105&#97&#114&#105&#116&#121 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 mushrooms in Europe that is most likely derived from usage of Psilocybes and related species, rather than experience &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#65&#109&#97&#110&#105&#116&#97 &#109&#117&#115&#99&#97&#114&#105&#97&#46 &#72&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 it &#105&#115&#13&#10&#101&#120&#116&#114&#101&#109&#101&#108&#121 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/cowmanurepsilocybinmushroomcultivation.asp" title="Cowmanurepsilocybinmushroomcultivation" alt="Cowmanurepsilocybinmushroomcultivation" >Cowmanurepsilocybinmushroomcultivation</a> &#100&#105&#102&#102&#105&#99&#117&#108&#116 &#116&#111 &#114&#101&#106&#101&#99&#116 or confirm this hypothesis, due &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#97&#99&#107 &#111&#102 conclusive data available for analysis today. Bwyd Ellylon: A &#70&#101&#97&#115&#116 &#111&#102 &#70&#97&#105&#114&#105&#101&#115 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#67&#101&#108&#101&#98&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 of &#116&#104&#101 &#83&#112&#105&#114&#105&#116 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100&#13&#10&#84&#97&#108&#101&#115 &#111&#102 ritualistic mushroom usage &#104&#97&#118&#101&#13&#10&#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#119&#97&#121 &#105&#110&#116&#111 the realm of myths and legends. For &#105&#110&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101&#44 &#111&#110&#101 &#108&#101&#103&#101&#110&#100 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101&#115 a peculiar &#112&#111&#105&#115&#111&#110&#111&#117&#115 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#105&#110 &#87&#97&#108&#101&#115 &#40&#66&#114&#105&#116&#105&#115&#104&#13&#10&#73&#115&#108&#101&#115&#41 &#119&#105&#116&#104 the &#115&#116&#114&#97&#110&#103&#101 &#110&#97&#109&#101 &#111&#102 &#66&#119&#121&#100 Ellylon, which was considered a &#100&#101&#108&#105&#99&#97&#99&#121 &#98&#121 &#102&#97&#105&#114&#105&#101&#115 &#102&#101&#97&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#105&#110 celebration of the spirit world. &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#105&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#111&#115&#116 important psilocybincontaining mushroom in Europe and it thrives in parts of Great Britain, where the mushroom grows abundantly &#97&#108&#108 &#97&#99&#114&#111&#115&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#87&#101&#108&#115&#104 countryside during fall season.<br> I would like &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#97&#110&#107 &#71&#46 &#83&#97&#109&#111&#114&#105&#110&#105 for pointing out that the Inquisition was unusually cruel and vicious in the Alpine valleys of Valcamonica, Valtrompia and Valtellina (located in the provinces of Brescia and Sandrio &#105&#110&#13&#10&#78&#111&#114&#116&#104&#101&#114&#110 &#73&#116&#97&#108&#121&#41&#46 &#77&#97&#110&#121 &#98&#111&#111&#107&#115 chronicle countless witch burnings in that region, with particular emphasis &#111&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#105&#116&#99&#104&#101&#115&#39 &#109&#101&#101&#116&#105&#110&#103&#115 at the "Monte del Tonale", located at &#97&#110 &#97&#108&#116&#105&#116&#117&#100&#101 &#111&#102 &#50&#48&#48&#48 m (ca. 6,000 ft). Field &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104 &#104&#97&#115 &#115&#104&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#116 plants of the nightshade family ("witching herbs") do not grow &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#97&#108&#116&#105&#116&#117&#100&#101&#59 &#101&#118&#101&#110 the &#102&#108&#121 &#97&#103&#97&#114&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#13&#10&#105&#115 &#114&#97&#114&#101&#108&#121 found there. By contrast, pastures in the area &#97&#98&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 during the fall. Given &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#104&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#101&#120&#116&#44 &#105&#116 would seem &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#112&#108&#97&#121&#101&#100 an &#105&#109&#112&#111&#114&#116&#97&#110&#116 &#114&#111&#108&#101 &#97&#115 &#97&#13&#10&#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 &#97&#103&#101&#110&#116 in the region &#40&#115&#101&#101 &#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#53&#56&#44&#13&#10&#67&#104&#97&#112&#116&#101&#114 &#55&#46&#52&#41&#46&#13&#10&#73&#110 light of medieval accounts describing the practice of witchcraft, it is interesting to &#110&#111&#116&#101&#13&#10&#116&#104&#97&#116 &#97 &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#115&#101&#110&#115&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 of flying or levitation is among the commonly reported effects of psilocybin intoxication. Berserk Rage of Nordic Warriors In &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#111&#117&#114&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 ideological power struggle between Christianity and the &#114&#101&#109&#110&#97&#110&#116&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#112&#97&#103&#97&#110 &#114&#101&#108&#105&#103&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 worshipped Nature, many sources &#111&#102 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/fp.asp" title="Fp" alt="Fp" >Fp</a> &#107&#110&#111&#119&#108&#101&#100&#103&#101 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#108&#111&#115&#116&#46 The aggressive repression <b> Figure 22 Psilocybe bohemica rhizomorphs growing on wet cardboard</b> and eradication of pre-Christian customs all but destroyed the continuity &#111&#102&#13&#10&#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#39&#115 &#111&#114&#105&#103&#105&#110&#97&#108 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108 &#104&#101&#114&#105&#116&#97&#103&#101&#44 along with much historic evidence documenting early cultural practices, &#105&#110&#99&#108&#117&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 &#117&#115&#97&#103&#101 &#111&#102 plants and mushrooms &#102&#111&#114 &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#111&#115&#101 &#111&#102 temporary alterations &#111&#102 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#46&#13&#10&#83&#111&#109&#101 &#97&#117&#116&#104&#111&#114&#115 &#119&#101&#110&#116 so far &#97&#115 &#116&#111 &#98&#108&#97&#109&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#102&#108&#121 agaric mushroom <H3> Figure 22 Psilocybe bohemica rhizomorphs growing on wet cardboard</H3> for &#112&#114&#111&#118&#101&#114&#98&#105&#97&#108 &#102&#105&#116&#115 &#111&#102 &#34&#98&#101&#114&#115&#101&#114&#107&#13&#10&#114&#97&#103&#101&#34 &#97&#116&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#101&#100 to Nordic warriors. Many accounts detailing this phenomenon &#97&#108&#108&#117&#100&#101 &#116&#111 &#97 &#34&#100&#101&#99&#101&#112&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#111&#102 the eyes" (i.e. visual hallucinations). &#65&#102&#116&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#78&#111&#114&#100&#105&#99 &#108&#101&#103&#97&#108 &#115&#121&#115&#116&#101&#109 banished the practice &#111&#102&#13&#10&#34&#103&#111&#105&#110&#103 &#98&#101&#114&#115&#101&#114&#107&#34&#44 &#105&#116 &#100&#105&#115&#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 quite suddenly during the 12th &#99&#101&#110&#116&#117&#114&#121&#46 &#65&#116 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#101 same time, Saxo Grammaticus speculated that the Berserkers may have used mag </p> <div align="left"> &#77&#111&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#104&#97&#108&#102 of Australia's beef &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#99&#97&#110 &#98&#101 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 in the &#99&#111&#97&#115&#116&#97&#108 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#111&#102 &#81&#117&#101&#101&#110&#115&#108&#97&#110&#100 and New South Wales; and the 20 &#116&#111 &#51&#48 &#105&#110&#99&#104 &#40&#53&#48&#48&#45&#55&#53&#48&#109&#109&#41 &#114&#97&#105&#110&#102&#97&#108&#108 belt of Queensland, &#78&#101&#119 &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104 &#87&#97&#108&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 Northern Victoria, generally provide adequate climatic environments for the growth of psilocybian mushrooms, especially after &#104&#101&#97&#118&#121 &#114&#97&#105&#110&#115&#46 &#73&#116 &#104&#97&#115 been &#115&#117&#103&#103&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#34&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 was introduced into Australia &#97&#99&#99&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#98&#121 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#115&#101&#116&#116&#108&#101&#114&#115 along with their livestock." This same &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101 &#100&#105&#115&#112&#101&#114&#115&#97&#108 &#109&#101&#99&#104&#97&#110&#105&#115&#109 &#97&#108&#115&#111 &#112&#114&#111&#98&#97&#98&#108&#121 applies to Copelandia cyanescens, <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/psilocybingrowkits.asp" title="Psilocybingrowkits" alt="Psilocybingrowkits" >Psilocybingrowkits</a> Panaeolus subbalteatus &#97&#110&#100 &#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#97&#100&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 known to &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114 &#105&#110 &#111&#114 &#97&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 the dung &#111&#102 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#114&#117&#109&#105&#110&#97&#110&#116&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#105&#115 includes Psilocybe semilanceata and the non-hallucinogenic "haymaker's" mushroom Panaeolina foenisecii. While cattle are &#114&#97&#105&#115&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#97&#108&#108 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110 states, &#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#97&#115 &#105&#110 the central lowlands, recreational users have been &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111 &#101&#120&#112&#111&#114&#116 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 psychoptic species &#116&#111 &#118&#97&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#105&#110 Australia from areas &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#108&#108&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100&#46 &#73&#110 &#116&#104&#101 case of New Zealand, hereafter referred to as NZ, cattle are the &#112&#114&#105&#109&#97&#114&#121 &#115&#111&#117&#114&#99&#101 &#102&#111&#114 &#67&#111&#112&#101&#108&#97&#110&#100&#105&#97 cyanescens, but the "liberty cap" mushroom Psilocybe semilanceata only grows in &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#110&#117&#114&#101&#100 &#115&#111&#105&#108 &#111&#102 four-legged ruminants and not directly from manure (Jansen, Pers. Comm., 1988).<br> The &#105&#100&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#115&#101&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#105&#115 guide &#100&#111&#99&#117&#109&#101&#110&#116&#115 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#102&#111&#114 more than 1 dozen species of psilocybian mushrooms in Australia and NZ &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 been used at one time &#111&#114 &#97&#110&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#102&#111&#114 &#114&#101&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 purposes. </div> JOCHEN GARTZ MAGIC MUSHROOMS Around the World A &#83&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99 &#74&#111&#117&#114&#110&#101&#121 &#65&#99&#114&#111&#115&#115 &#67&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 and Time The &#67&#97&#115&#101 &#102&#111&#114 &#67&#104&#97&#108&#108&#101&#110&#103&#105&#110&#103 &#82&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 &#86&#97&#108&#117&#101 Systems * LIS PUBLICATIONS * &#76&#79&#83 &#65&#78&#71&#69&#76&#69&#83&#44 &#67&#65&#42&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#49 &#45 Water &#67&#111&#108&#111&#114 &#80&#97&#105&#110&#116&#105&#110&#103 <u> hillucination mushrooms on cow poop</u> &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 semilanceata (Germany, 1927) TABLE OF CONTENT (With &#65&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#76&#105&#110&#107&#115&#39 &#74&#117&#115&#116 &#67&#108&#105&#99&#107 &#79&#110 A Subject To Go To The Page) "Who Was the First Magician?" - Foreword by Christian Ratsch 7 1. Introduction 9 2. Reflections on the History and &#83&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99 &#83&#116&#117&#100&#121 &#111&#102 &#77&#97&#103&#105&#99 Mushrooms 10 3. &#84&#104&#101 &#67&#117&#114&#114&#101&#110&#116 &#83&#116&#97&#116&#101 &#111&#102 &#75&#110&#111&#119&#108&#101&#100&#103&#101 About European Species 14 3.<br>1 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#58 &#84&#104&#101 &#67&#108&#97&#115&#115&#105&#99 &#83&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 Among &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 &#80&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#49&#54&#13&#10&#51&#46&#50 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 cyanescens: Potent Mushrooms Growing on &#87&#111&#111&#100 &#68&#101&#98&#114&#105&#115 &#50&#57&#13&#10&#51&#46&#51 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 subbalteatus: Mycology and Myths &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 &#83&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 37 3.4 Inocybe aeruginascens: Fast-Spreading New &#65&#114&#114&#105&#118&#97&#108&#115 &#52&#52&#13&#10&#51&#46&#53 &#71&#121&#109&#110&#111&#112&#105&#108&#117&#115 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#117&#114&#97&#116&#117&#115&#58 Magnificent Mushrooms from &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104 &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97 &#53&#49&#13&#10&#51&#46&#54 &#67&#111&#110&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 cyanopus: Tiny Mushrooms of Remarkable Potency &#53&#53&#13&#10&#51&#46&#55 &#80&#108&#117&#116&#101&#117&#115 &#115&#97&#108&#105&#99&#105&#110&#117&#115&#58 &#65 Little-known Wood-Inhabiting Species 58 4. Mushroom Identification: Taxonomic Confusion and the &#80&#111&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#97&#108 &#102&#111&#114 &#68&#101&#97&#100&#108&#121 &#77&#105&#115&#116&#97&#107&#101&#115 61 5. The Bluing &#80&#104&#101&#110&#111&#109&#101&#110&#111&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#77&#101&#116&#111&#108 &#84&#101&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103&#58 Reality vs. Wishful Thinking 63 6.<br> Mushroom Cultivation: Classic Findings and &#78&#101&#119 &#84&#101&#99&#104&#110&#105&#113&#117&#101&#115 &#54&#54&#13&#10&#55&#46 &#80&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 Mushroom Species Around &#116&#104&#101 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100 &#55&#55&#13&#10&#55&#46&#49 &#83&#112&#111&#116&#108&#105&#103&#104&#116 on North America and Hawaii 79 7.2 &#77&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#105&#97 &#105&#110 &#67&#101&#110&#116&#114&#97&#108 &#97&#110&#100 South America 82 7.3 Australia's &#77&#121&#99&#111&#102&#108&#111&#114&#97 &#65&#116&#116&#114&#97&#99&#116&#115 &#65&#116&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#56&#52&#13&#10&#55&#46&#52 European Customs &#97&#110&#100 &#67&#111&#110&#118&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#56&#55&#13&#10&#55&#46&#53 &#74&#97&#112&#97&#110&#101&#115&#101 Experimentation 93 7.6 Intoxications and the &#79&#108&#100&#101&#115&#116 &#75&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#67&#117&#108&#116 in &#65&#102&#114&#105&#99&#97 &#57&#53&#13&#10&#55&#46&#55 &#85&#115&#97&#103&#101 &#105&#110 Southeast Asia and the South Pacific Islands &#57&#56&#13&#10&#56&#46 &#83&#111&#109&#101 &#67&#111&#109&#109&#101&#110&#116&#115 &#111&#110 Effects of Mushrooms from the Category Phantastika 102 9. Psychotherapy 108 10. Outlook 114 11. &#66&#105&#98&#108&#105&#111&#103&#114&#97&#112&#104&#121 &#49&#50&#48&#13&#10&#73&#110&#100&#101&#120 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magicmushroomprague.asp" title="Magicmushroomprague" alt="Magicmushroomprague" >Magicmushroomprague</a> &#49&#50&#57&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#50 - Psilocybe &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#51 - Water color painting of Panaeolus &#115&#117&#98&#98&#97&#108&#116&#101&#97&#116&#117&#115 &#40&#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#44 &#49&#57&#50&#55&#41&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#52 - Fresh Panaeolus subbalteatus mushrooms. FOREWORD Nobody knows precisely when the first magic mushroom emerged &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#104&#97&#100&#111&#119&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#112&#114&#101&#104&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#121 to enter the light of consciousness. Nobody knows &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 mushroom was &#101&#97&#116&#101&#110 &#98&#121 &#97 &#104&#117&#109&#97&#110 being. &#78&#111&#98&#111&#100&#121 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#115&#13&#10&#106&#117&#115&#116 &#119&#104&#111 &#116&#104&#101 first magic mushroom &#101&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#119&#97&#115&#46 &#73&#110&#13&#10&#115&#101&#101&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#97&#110&#115&#119&#101&#114&#115 to these questions, we can only speculate. Mycophobes, however, are quick &#116&#111&#13&#10&#118&#111&#105&#99&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#99&#111&#110&#118&#105&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#116 only a fool would &#98&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#99&#107&#108&#101&#115&#115 &#101&#110&#111&#117&#103&#104 &#116&#111 &#119&#97&#110&#116 &#116&#111 attain a higher state of &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115 &#98&#101&#121&#111&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#111&#117&#110&#100&#97&#114&#105&#101&#115 of everyday reality. &#65&#110&#100 &#111&#110&#108&#121 &#97 &#102&#111&#111&#108 would attempt to do this &#98&#121 &#105&#110&#103&#101&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#111&#100&#100 little things that mysteriously thrive on decaying, humid soil, rotten wood and malodorous mounds of cow manure. Historically, magic, mushrooms have been feared &#97&#110&#100 &#104&#97&#116&#101&#100&#96 &#115&#105&#110&#99&#101 &#97&#110&#116&#105&#113&#117&#105&#116&#121&#58 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 were thought to be made from poisons &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#104&#97&#100 &#100&#114&#105&#112&#112&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109 serpents' fangs; they were &#99&#111&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#98&#101 &#117&#110&#99&#108&#101&#97&#110 emissions &#111&#102&#13&#10&#101&#118&#105&#108 &#115&#112&#105&#114&#105&#116&#115&#59 &#109&#111&#114&#101&#111&#118&#101&#114&#44 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 were a kn was followed by a very vivid sensation of the soul in flight, coupled with feelings of euphoria.When looking out the window into the dark night of a forest landscape, visions of strange patterns and formations occurred, which were deeply impressive and seemed to impart an inkling of eternity. At the end of four hours, the effects had dissipated without dysphoria or any type of somatic side effect. A control experiment for comparison purposes was performed using 0.8 g of dried Psilocybe semilanceata. The onset of symptoms was much more sudden, including a heavy flow of tears, so that there was an initial phase of anxiety. Only in a later phase of the experience was it possible to perceive ornaments in the form of "underwater streamers", and to appreciate the aesthetically enhanced nature of these visions. The regular pattern of. involuntary intoxications is a good indicator for the large scope of expansion of Inocybe aeruginascens into new habitats during the 1980s. For example, at the time of the initial intoxications - when the species was still restricted to a few easily quantifiable collections - the mushrooms had spread from Potsdam to the location known in 1982, and from there moved on to several other locations in the vicinity, where more than 150 mushrooms were found (see Figure 34). Symbiosis With Trees Starting in late May 1984, fruiting bodies of the species could be found in abundance at countless new locations across the Brandenburg region of Germany. They tend to grow near the roots of different deciduous trees (Populus, Tilia, Quercus, Betula), on lawns in parks and gardens, at the edges of trails and in the paved margin areas of tree-lined sidewalks (where they may even grow on bare, sandy soil) as well as amongst the greenery of residential areas in the suburbs and communities in and around Berlin. Herein lies the most marked difference between Inocybe aeruginascens and other European psychotropic mushroom species: Inocybe aeruginascens grows only in areas of human development. Their prime locations are in the middle of villages and towns, where they grow locally much like other Inocybe species. They may temporarily produce mass quantities of fruiting bodies, in those locations that are typical habitats for the edible varieties of the fairy ring mushroom. So far, the most abundant crop of fruiting bodies was observed in 1987, due to very wet weather conditions, which allowed the mushrooms to thrive. The following years were comparatively dry and the species hardly fruited at all. It wasn't until 1990 that a few mushrooms re-emerged at the classic location in Potsdam. Despite 1989 having been a bad year for mushrooms, it was the year when Inocybe aeruginascens was found for the first time at four locations in and around Rostock, a city located on the Eastern German coast, which is famous for its wet climate. Finding the mushrooms at these locations is evidence for a mu was followed by a very vivid sensation of the soul in flight, coupled with feelings of euphoria.When looking out the window into the dark night of a forest landscape, visions of strange patterns and formations occurred, which were deeply impressive and seemed to impart an inkling of eternity. At the end of four hours, the effects had dissipated without dysphoria or any type of somatic side effect. A control experiment for comparison purposes was performed using 0.8 g of dried Psilocybe semilanceata. The onset of symptoms was much more sudden, including a heavy flow of tears, so that there was an initial phase of anxiety. Only in a later phase of the experience was it possible to perceive ornaments in the form of "underwater streamers", and to appreciate the aesthetically enhanced nature of these visions. The regular pattern of. involuntary intoxications is a good indicator for the large scope of expansion of Inocybe aeruginascens into new habitats during the 1980s. For example, at the time of the initial intoxications - when the species was still restricted to a few easily quantifiable collections - the mushrooms had spread from Potsdam to the location known in 1982, and from there moved on to several other locations in the vicinity, where more than 150 mushrooms were found (see Figure 34). Symbiosis With Trees Starting in late May 1984, fruiting bodies of the species could be found in abundance at countless new locations across the Brandenburg region of Germany. They tend to grow near the roots of different deciduous trees (Populus, Tilia, Quercus, Betula), on lawns in parks and gardens, at the edges of trails and in the paved margin areas of tree-lined sidewalks (where they may even grow on bare, sandy soil) as well as amongst the greenery of residential areas in the suburbs and communities in and around Berlin. Herein lies the most marked difference between Inocybe aeruginascens and other European psychotropic mushroom species: Inocybe aeruginascens grows only in areas of human development. Their prime locations are in the middle of villages and towns, where they grow locally much like other Inocybe species. They may temporarily produce mass quantities of fruiting bodies, in those locations that are typical habitats for the edible varieties of the fairy ring mushroom. So far, the most abundant crop of fruiting bodies was observed in 1987, due to very wet weather conditions, which allowed the mushrooms to thrive. The following years were comparatively dry and the species hardly fruited at all. It wasn't until 1990 that a few mushrooms re-emerged at the classic location in Potsdam. Despite 1989 having been a bad year for mushrooms, it was the year when Inocybe aeruginascens was found for the first time at four locations in and around Rostock, a city located on the Eastern German coast, which is famous for its wet climate. Finding the mushrooms at these locations is evidence for a mu <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/united+states+coins.asp" title="Coins Figure 22 Psilocybe bohemica rhizomorphs growing on wet cardboard Coins Figure 22 Psilocybe bohemica rhizomorphs growing on wet cardboard States" alt="Coins Figure 22 Psilocybe bohemica rhizomorphs growing on wet cardboard Coins Figure 22 Psilocybe bohemica rhizomorphs growing on wet cardboard States" >Coins Figure 22 Psilocybe bohemica rhizomorphs growing on wet cardboard Coins Figure 22 Psilocybe bohemica rhizomorphs growing on wet cardboard States</a> As they &#115&#97&#121&#44 &#700&#84&#105&#115 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/panaeolus+subbalteatus+spore+print.asp" title="SPORE SUBBALTEATUS SUBBALTEATUS SUBBALTEATUS" alt="SPORE SUBBALTEATUS SUBBALTEATUS SUBBALTEATUS" >SPORE SUBBALTEATUS SUBBALTEATUS SUBBALTEATUS</a> &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#101&#97&#115&#111&#110 to be <H2></H2> pickingʼ, but make The first livestock to arrive in Australia were brought from the Cape of Good Hope in , and who gorge themselves on our tax dollars. I met Jochen Gartz shortly after the fall of the Berlin Wall at the third symposium of the European College for the Study of Consciousness (ECSC) in Freiburg, Germany. Our encounter was my first contact with a researcher from the former East Germany. Jochen Gartz's enthusiastic lecture was a truly consciousnessexpanding event, his words breaking down traditional borders and crossing over into new territory. The magic mushrooms spoke through him - with no trace of dogma or ideology - in the tradition of true anarchy that is the hallmark of mushroom magic. What I heard was unbelievable. Jochen spoke of a "new" psychedelic mushroom and its migration. The mycelia had spread in concentric circles outward from Leipzig, jumping all political borders. Finally, when the mycelia reached West German soil, the hated Berlin Wall crumbled. Could there possibly be a connection between the evolution of the magic mushroom and the evolution of our consciousness? Could a mushroom have contributed to the resolution of our political conflicts? In the past, politicians, even popes, had their own jesters and magicians, who functioned as pressure release valves in the machinations of political power struggles. It is obvious that a country whose chancellor is being pelted with eggs, urgently needs a new breed of magician who are able to readjust reality. But today, no aspiring magician should go about this task without this book as a guide for the wondrous journey into the realm of magic mushrooms. Christian Rdtsch Figure 5 - "Anthropomorphic Beings Engaged in Mushroom Dance" 10,000-year-old rock drawing in Tassili, Sahara (Algeria) CHAPTER 1 I BELIEVE THE TIME HAS COME FOR A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF NEW FINDINGS FROM THE FIELDS OF MYCOLOGY, TAXONOMY AND NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY When R.G. Wasson, R. Heim and A. Hofmann began their interdisciplinary research program to study the Mexican species of mushrooms and their usage in Mexican mushroom cults, their efforts culminated in a 1958 landmark report that described the isolation, molecular structure and synthesis of the mushrooms' active ingredients: psilocybin and psilocin. Several years later, these substances were also identified in a species of mushroom in Europe, Psilocybe semilanceata, which became the first in a series of newly discovered species. Since then, psychoactive mushrooms from other genera have been reported with increasing frequency. As part of my analytical work dedicated to the identification of naturally occurring chemicals, I had the good fortune to be part of a research team that studied alkaloids found in a variety of mushroom species. Now I believe the time has come for a comprehensive review of new findings from the fields of mycology, taxonomy and natural products chemistry. Wasson and his successors have already provided detailed accounts pertaining to the history and study of the Me <p align="center"> Existing evidence indicates that man in the Old World &#8212&#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#44 &#65&#115&#105&#97&#44 &#65&#102&#114&#105&#99&#97&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#8212&#104&#97&#115 made less &#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#110&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#112&#108&#97&#110&#116&#115 and shrubs for their &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99 &#112&#114&#111&#112&#101&#114&#116&#105&#101&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#104&#97&#115 man in the New World. &#84&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#105&#115 &#108&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#114&#101&#97&#115&#111&#110 to believe <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/how+to+growing+magic+mushrooms+at+home/" title="Home To Home How Magic How Growing" alt="Home To Home How Magic How Growing" >Home To Home How Magic How Growing</a> that the vegetation of one &#104&#97&#108&#102 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#103&#108&#111&#98&#101 is poorer or &#114&#105&#99&#104&#101&#114 &#105&#110 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#119&#105&#116&#104 hallucinogenic properties than &#116&#104&#101 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#104&#97&#108&#102&#46 &#87&#104&#121&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#110&#44 should there be <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/picturesofgoldtopmushrooms.asp" title="Picturesofgoldtopmushrooms" alt="Picturesofgoldtopmushrooms" >Picturesofgoldtopmushrooms</a> &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#100&#105&#115&#112&#97&#114&#105&#116&#121&#63 &#72&#97&#115 &#109&#97&#110 &#105&#110 the Old World simply not discovered many of the native &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99 &#112&#108&#97&#110&#116&#115&#63 &#65&#114&#101 &#115&#111&#109&#101 of them &#116&#111&#111 &#116&#111&#120&#105&#99 &#105&#110 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 ways to be utilized? Or has man in the Old World &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#108&#101&#115&#115 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100 in narcotics? We have no real answer.<br> But &#119&#101 &#100&#111 &#107&#110&#111&#119 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 Old World &#104&#97&#115 &#102&#101&#119&#101&#114 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#101&#109&#112&#108&#111&#121&#101&#100 hallucinogenically than does the New World: compared with only 15 or 20 species used &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#69&#97&#115&#116&#101&#114&#110 &#72&#101&#109&#105&#115&#112&#104&#101&#114&#101&#44 the species used hallucinogenically &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#87&#101&#115&#116&#101&#114&#110 &#72&#101&#109&#105&#115&#112&#104&#101&#114&#101 number more &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#49&#48&#48&#33 &#89&#101&#116 &#115&#111&#109&#101 of the &#79&#108&#100 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#115 &#116&#111&#100&#97&#121 hold places of primacy throughout the world. &#67&#97&#110&#110&#97&#98&#105&#115&#44 &#117&#110&#100&#111&#117&#98&#116&#101&#100&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100 of all the &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#115&#44 &#105&#115 &#112&#101&#114&#104&#97&#112&#115 &#116&#104&#101 best example. The &#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#115&#111&#108&#97&#110&#97&#99&#101&#111&#117&#115 &#105&#110&#103&#114&#101&#100&#105&#101&#110&#116&#115 &#111&#102 medieval witches' brews—henbane, nightshade, belladonna, and mandrake—greatly influenced &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 &#112&#104&#105&#108&#111&#115&#111&#112&#104&#121&#44 &#109&#101&#100&#105&#99&#105&#110&#101&#44 &#97&#110&#100 even history for many years. Some played an &#101&#120&#116&#114&#97&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#97&#114&#105&#108&#121 &#118&#105&#116&#97&#108 &#114&#101&#108&#105&#103&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#114&#111&#108&#101 &#105&#110 the &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#65&#114&#121&#97&#110 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#111&#102 northern India.<br> &#84&#104&#101 &#114&#111&#108&#101 &#111&#102 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#115 &#105&#110 the cultural and social &#100&#101&#118&#101&#108&#111&#112&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#111&#102 &#109&#97&#110&#121 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 of the Old World is only now &#98&#101&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#110&#118&#101&#115&#116&#105&#103&#97&#116&#101&#100&#46 &#65&#116 &#101&#118&#101&#114&#121 turn, its exte </p> . For that reason, freeze-dried samples for biochemical analysis are stored at -10°C prior to alkaloid extractions or chromatography testing. In addition to the reports from Finland, investigators in North America have noted that psilocybin's decay rate is slowest in Psilocybe semilanceata, compared to other species. (1) R = H2P03 (2) R = H Figure 19 - Structural formulas for psilocybin (1) and psilocin (2). CH3 CH3 Psilocybe semilanceata Figure 20 - Distribution pattern of Psilocybe semilanceata in Germany and adjacent areas. Locations are indicated by black dots. CHAPTER 3.2 PSILOCYBE CYANESCENS - POTENT MUSHROOMS GROWING ON WOOD DEBRIS At least one other Psilocybe species in addition to Psilocybe semilanceata is known to exist in Europe. At this point, I must emphasize that the differentiation of single species within the Psilocybe genus is subject to considerable controversy among eminent taxonomists. For example, there are different methods of distinguishing the Hypholoma genus from the Stropharia genus. The Widespread Distribution of Psilocybe cyanescens While Psilocybe semilanceata is a species that has long been clearly defined and is well known by this name, there are, according to Krieglsteiner, other strongly bluing mushrooms that can be described as belonging to the "Psilocybe cyanescens complex". These are all mushrooms that grow on raw compost and plant debris. In accordance with current states of knowledge, the following names in the literature are merely synonyms for Psilocybe cyanescens Wakefield emend. Krieglsteiner: different herbariums. However, the microscopic data pertaining to the Psilocybe species are poorly delineated and oftentimes overlap. It is therefore imperative that additional mycological studies of Psilocybe cyanescens be performed. To this end, fresh mushroom samples from various European locations should be used, and biochemical methods must be included in the investigation. Guzman's division of Psilocybe cyanescens by geographic area, however, definitely turned out to be inaccurate. According to his system, -North Africa was home to Psilocybe mairei, while Psilocybe cyanescens were found in England and Holland and Psilocybe serbica supposedly grew in Serbia and Bohemia. The geographic distribution of the entire species seems to cover a vast area, with variations along climate and terrain at locations where samples were collected. Such disparate morphologies are to be expected when dealing with "young" species, that is, species that have not yet firmly established themselves and are still expanding into new locations. Figure 7 (p. 14) displays locations in Europe and North Africa where samples of Psilocybe cyanescens have been found. - Hypholoma cyanescens R. Maire - Hypholoma coprinifacies (Rolland ss. Herink) Pouzar - Geophila cyanescens (R. Maire) Kuhner & Romagnesi - Psilocybe serbica Moser & Horak - Psilocybe mairei Singer - Psilocyb <p align="justify"> &#69&#120&#105&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#105&#110&#100&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101&#115 that man in the Old World —Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia—has made &#108&#101&#115&#115 &#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magicmushroomsforsale.asp" title="Magicmushroomsforsale" alt="Magicmushroomsforsale" >Magicmushroomsforsale</a> &#110&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101 plants and &#115&#104&#114&#117&#98&#115 &#102&#111&#114 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99 &#112&#114&#111&#112&#101&#114&#116&#105&#101&#115 than has man in the New World. There is little reason to believe that &#116&#104&#101 &#118&#101&#103&#101&#116&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#111&#110&#101 half of the globe <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/psilocybingrowkits.asp" title="Psilocybingrowkits" alt="Psilocybingrowkits" >Psilocybingrowkits</a> is poorer &#111&#114 &#114&#105&#99&#104&#101&#114 &#105&#110 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#119&#105&#116&#104 hallucinogenic properties <H3> cow manure mushrooms</H3> than the &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#104&#97&#108&#102&#46 &#87&#104&#121&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#110&#44 should there be such disparity? Has man in the Old World simply not discovered many &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#110&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99 plants? Are some of &#116&#104&#101&#109 &#116&#111&#111 &#116&#111&#120&#105&#99 &#105&#110 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 ways to be &#117&#116&#105&#108&#105&#122&#101&#100&#63 &#79&#114 &#104&#97&#115 &#109&#97&#110 in the Old World been culturally less interested in narcotics? &#87&#101 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#110&#111 &#114&#101&#97&#108 &#97&#110&#115&#119&#101&#114&#46 But we do know &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#79&#108&#100 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100 has &#102&#101&#119&#101&#114 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#101&#109&#112&#108&#111&#121&#101&#100 hallucinogenically &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#100&#111&#101&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#78&#101&#119 World: compared with &#111&#110&#108&#121 &#49&#53 &#111&#114 &#50&#48 species used in the Eastern Hemisphere, &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#117&#115&#101&#100 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#105&#110 the Western &#72&#101&#109&#105&#115&#112&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#110&#117&#109&#98&#101&#114 &#109&#111&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#110 100! Yet some of the Old World &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#115 &#116&#111&#100&#97&#121 &#104&#111&#108&#100 &#112&#108&#97&#99&#101&#115 of primacy &#116&#104&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#111&#114&#108&#100&#46 &#67&#97&#110&#110&#97&#98&#105&#115&#44 undoubtedly the most widespread of all &#116&#104&#101 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#115&#44 &#105&#115 &#112&#101&#114&#104&#97&#112&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#101&#115&#116 example. The several solanaceous &#105&#110&#103&#114&#101&#100&#105&#101&#110&#116&#115 &#111&#102 &#109&#101&#100&#105&#101&#118&#97&#108 &#119&#105&#116&#99&#104&#101&#115&#39 &#98&#114&#101&#119&#115&#8212&#104&#101&#110&#98&#97&#110&#101&#44 nightshade, belladonna, and mandrake—greatly influenced European philosophy, medicine, and even history for many years.<br> Some played an extraordinarily vital religious role in the early &#65&#114&#121&#97&#110 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#110&#111&#114&#116&#104&#101&#114&#110 India. The &#114&#111&#108&#101 &#111&#102 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#115 &#105&#110 the cultural &#97&#110&#100 &#115&#111&#99&#105&#97&#108 &#100&#101&#118&#101&#108&#111&#112&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#111&#102 many areas of the Old World is only now &#98&#101&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#110&#118&#101&#115&#116&#105&#103&#97&#116&#101&#100&#46 &#65&#116 &#101&#118&#101&#114&#121 turn, &#105&#116&#115 &#101&#120&#116&#101 </p> <u> Figure 22 Psilocybe bohemica rhizomorphs growing on wet cardboard</u> <p <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/growing+shrooms+from+cow+manure.asp" title="Growing Shrooms From Cow Manure" alt="Growing Shrooms From Cow Manure" >Growing Shrooms From Cow Manure</a> align="center"> <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magic+mushroom+indentifiion+nz.asp" title="Magic Mushroom Indentifiion Nz" alt="Magic Mushroom Indentifiion Nz" >Magic Mushroom Indentifiion Nz</a> &#68&#111&#115&#97&#103&#101&#115 &#102&#111&#114 <H3></H3> &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#97&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110&#97 Guzmán <b></b> &#38 &#87&#97&#116&#108&#105&#110&#103&#44 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 <i> Magic Mushroom Indentifiion Nz</i> &#101&#117&#99&#97&#108&#121&#112&#116&#97 &#71&#117&#122&#109&#225&#110 & </p> </p> <h1 id="cross-browser"> Cow Manure Mushrooms @ 7/30/2010 5:45:54 PM</h1> <p></p> <h1 id="stylesheets">Semilanceata Psilocube</h1> <p><p align="left"> &#73&#116 <u>indentifiion magic nz indentifiion</u> &#104&#97&#115 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#115&#117&#103&#103&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100 &#98&#121 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/wwwmagicgrowingmushroomscom.asp" title="Wwwmagicgrowingmushroomscom" alt="Wwwmagicgrowingmushroomscom" >Wwwmagicgrowingmushroomscom</a> <u> magic mushroom indentifiion nz</u> an Australian &#112&#104&#121&#115&#105&#99&#105&#97&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#108 public in magic mushrooms for sale &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#44 &#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#97&#115 &#109&#101&#109&#98&#101&#114&#115 of its drug using subculture, </p> by A. &#72&#111&#102&#109&#97&#110&#110&#44 &#83&#97&#110&#100&#111&#122 &#80&#104&#97&#114&#109&#97&#99&#101&#117&#116&#105&#99&#97&#108&#115&#13&#10&#109&#97&#110&#117&#102&#97&#99&#116&#117&#114&#101&#100 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 2 kg (ca. 4.4lbs) of pure psilocybin for scientific &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#111&#115&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#114&#101&#115&#117&#108&#116&#115 &#111&#102 pharmacological &#116&#101&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#115&#111&#111&#110 &#114&#101&#118&#101&#97&#108&#101&#100 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 &#97&#115 an alkaloid that was perfectly safe for human subjects under &#99&#111&#110&#116&#114&#111&#108&#108&#101&#100&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#109&#101&#110&#116&#97&#108 &#99&#111&#110&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#46 &#68&#101&#115&#112&#105&#116&#101 &#116&#104&#105&#115 evidence, the anti-drug legislative &#102&#114&#97&#109&#101&#119&#111&#114&#107 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#105&#100&#49&#57&#54&#48&#115&#13&#10&#102&#105&#114&#109&#108&#121 established an &#34&#111&#102&#102&#105&#99&#105&#97&#108 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#111&#98&#105&#97&#34&#44 &#97&#13&#10&#109&#105&#115&#103&#117&#105&#100&#101&#100&#44 &#121&#101&#116 entrenched policy that &#115&#116&#105&#108&#108 &#112&#114&#101&#118&#97&#105&#108&#115&#13&#10&#116&#111&#100&#97&#121 &#97&#110&#100 &#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101&#108&#121 prevents the scientific investigation of promising potential applications for psilocybin and other alkaloids.<br> At the &#115&#97&#109&#101&#13&#10&#116&#105&#109&#101&#44 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#97&#110&#100 &#98&#105&#111&#99&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97&#108&#13&#10&#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104 studies have &#115&#104&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#99&#111&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#116&#104&#114&#105&#118&#101 all over the world and can be &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#111&#110 &#97&#108&#108 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116&#115&#46 These mushrooms &#97&#114&#101 &#110&#111 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116 &#102&#114&#111&#109 any other mycoflora and must not be excluded from scientific investigation because of their alkaloid content. In addition to overall variations in value systems across cultures, &#105&#110&#100&#105&#118&#105&#100&#117&#97&#108&#115 &#116&#101&#110&#100 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#100&#101&#118&#101&#108&#111&#112 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 own personal attitudes towards mushrooms in &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#108&#46 &#79&#102&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#109&#101&#115&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#118&#111&#108&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#111&#102 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#102&#105&#99 opinions about mushrooms &#99&#97&#110 &#98&#101&#13&#10&#116&#114&#97&#99&#101&#100 &#98&#97&#99&#107 &#116&#111 childhood events, even though such early &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#115&#101&#108&#100&#111&#109 &#97&#99&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116 &#102&#111&#114 the development of Psilocube Semilanceata prevailing biases and value systems later in life.<br> I &#114&#101&#99&#97&#108&#108 &#97&#110 &#105&#110&#99&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116 &#102&#114&#111&#109 my &#111&#119&#110&#13&#10&#99&#104&#105&#108&#100&#104&#111&#111&#100&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114&#114&#101&#100 &#119&#104&#101&#110 I was &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#102&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#121&#101&#97&#114&#115 &#111&#108&#100&#46 &#73 was &#112&#108&#97&#121&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#110 &#97 &#103&#114&#97&#115&#115&#121 meadow, &#119&#104&#101&#110&#13&#10&#97 &#103&#105&#114&#108 &#112&#111&#105&#110&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 a brown mushroom and earnestly explained that it was inedible &#97&#110&#100 &#112&#111&#105&#115&#111&#110&#111&#117&#115&#46&#13&#10&#87&#104&#105&#108&#101 &#73 &#104&#97&#118&#101 never forgotten this encounter, I did grow &#117&#112 &#116&#111 &#98&#101&#99&#111&#109&#101 &#97 devoted mushroom enthusiast. <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/psilocybe+fimetaria.asp" title="Psilocybe Fimetaria" alt="Psilocybe Fimetaria" >Psilocybe Fimetaria</a> On the other hand, a &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116&#13&#10&#99&#104&#105&#108&#100&#104&#111&#111&#100 &#101&#118&#101&#110&#116 &#104&#97&#115 &#108&#101&#102&#116 &#109&#101 with the &#118&#105&#118&#105&#100 &#109&#101&#109&#111&#114&#121&#13&#10&#111&#102 &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#97 landfill virtually covered with vast numbers of gilled bluing mushrooms <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/lib.asp" title="Lib" alt="Lib" >Lib</a> and &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#115&#101&#110&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#97&#119&#101 &#73 experienced contemplating this sight. In general, the unusual characteristics of these &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121 responsible for strong impressions formed magic mushroom indentifiion nz early in life, which then may develop into various attitudes or &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#102&#115 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114&#13&#10&#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#65&#110 &#101&#110&#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#112&#101&#114&#115&#111&#110&#97&#108 interest in psychotropic mushroom species can serve to amplify or diminish &#109&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#111&#98&#105&#99 &#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#97&#115&#13&#10&#109&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#105&#99 dispositions, depending on the influence of other factors. After all, &#106&#117&#100&#103&#109&#101&#110&#116&#115&#13&#10&#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#101&#110&#101&#102&#105&#116 &#111&#114 &#102&#111&#108&#108&#121 of &#100&#101&#108&#105&#98&#101&#114&#97&#116&#101&#108&#121 &#97&#108&#116&#101&#114&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#111&#110&#101&#39&#115 &#115&#116&#97&#116&#101 &#111&#102 consciousness are also colored by individual preferences, &#98&#105&#97&#115&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#111&#112&#105&#110&#105&#111&#110&#115&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 chapters &#97&#114&#101 &#109&#101&#97&#110&#116 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#105&#108&#108&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#116&#101 &#116&#104&#105&#115 diversity of attitudes towards psychotropic mushrooms.<br> Descriptions of planned and &#105&#110&#118&#111&#108&#117&#110&#116&#97&#114&#121 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#109&#101&#110&#116&#115 &#119&#105&#116&#104 <u> Psilocube Semilanceata</u> &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#102&#105&#99&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 species <i> magic mushroom indentifiion nz</i> offer convincing evidence that the effects of psychoactive mushrooms are open to many possible interpretations. CHAPTER 3 THE &#67&#85&#82&#82&#69&#78&#84 &#83&#84&#65&#84&#69 &#79&#70 &#75&#78&#79&#87&#76&#69&#68&#71&#69 ABOUT EUROPEAN &#83&#80&#69&#67&#73&#69&#83&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#55 &#45 &#68&#105&#115&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 pattern of Psilocybe cyanescens across Europe and North Africa (according to Krieglsteiner).<br> Black dots indicate approximate locatio Macroscopically, it is extremely difficult to distinguish from Psilocybe semilanceata. Unlike the latter species, however, Psilocybe pelliculosa will grow in forests on wood chips and sawdust. Beug and Bigwood were able to furnish analytical proof in support of the claim that Psilocybe pelliculosa is weaker in its psychotropic effects than comparable species. Psilocybe pelliculosa contains about 30-50% of the amount of psilocybin found in Psilocybe cyanescens (slang names: Blue wavy, Cyan, Grandote), a species common across the Pacific Northwest. It fruits primarily in parks, forming partial fairy rings. This species did not become popular among users until the mid-1970s. species still fruits most abundantly in the fall. A New Psychoactive Mushroom Mushroom Trips as a Popular Sport Several additional Psilocybe species have been found in the Pacific Northwest, even though the taxonomic classification of most of these species remains inadequate, despite the fact that monographs such as those by P. Stamets offer quite detailed descriptions of the psychotropic mycoflora. In the mid-1970s, Guzman and Ott reported a rather spectacular event concerning the spread of a "new" mushroom species. During the fall of 1972, large numbers of a strongly bluing gilled mushroom with a distinct ring pattern were found at the University of Washington in Seattle. The fruiting bodies were found growing on bark mulch, which came from a central distribution point and which had been spread widely across the campus by gardeners. Due to the bluing reaction, students at the university assumed that the mushroom contained psilocybin, a belief that was confirmed later on. The sudden appearance of massive numbers of fruiting bodies quickly inspired students at the university to use the mushrooms as a hallucinogen. In my opinion, it is still uncertain if the mushroom really appeared spontaneously, or whether it fruited on bark debris simply because the substance had previously been mixed with spawn derived from fruiting bodies that originated elsewhere. In any case, in 1976, the mushrooms were named Psilocybe stuntzii Guzman & Ott (slang name: "blue veil" or "stuntzees", (see Figures 54 and 71). Today, the species can be found growing on bark and on lawns in parks, on golf courses, football fields and gardens in numbers so large that it is considered the second most important species in terms of usage, after Psilocybe semilanceata. In addition, Panaeolus subbalteatus is another regionally important mushroom species (slang name: "red cap"), even though its users believe it to be slightly more poisonous than the Psilocybe species. Still, the mushroom is used quite frequently, because it begins to fruit during the spring. The Psilocybe species, on the other hand, do not appear until fall and continue to grow into early winter, when temperatures consistently drop below freezing, which inhibits further fruiting of the spe <p align="center"> &#13&#10&#67&#65&#84&#84&#76&#69 &#65&#83 &#65 &#80&#79&#83&#83&#73&#66&#76&#69 DISPERSAL MECHANISM &#70&#79&#82 &#80&#83&#89&#67&#72&#79&#65&#67&#84&#73&#86&#69 &#68&#85&#78&#71 &#70&#85&#78&#71&#73&#13&#10&#79&#110&#101 may ask &#116&#104&#101 &#113&#117&#101&#115&#116&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#34&#104&#111&#119 &#100&#105&#100 these mushrooms arrive in Australia and &#78&#101&#119 &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100&#63&#34 &#87&#101&#108&#108 &#115&#111&#109&#101 species may &#98&#101 &#101&#110&#100&#101&#109&#105&#99&#44&#116&#104&#97&#116 &#105&#115&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#121 were <H3> Magic Mushroom Indentifiion Nz</H3> already there naturally.<br> Other species such as the above described dung-inhabiting mushrooms most likelyappeared after &#116&#104&#101 &#105&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101 on the subcontinent.The first livestock to &#97&#114&#114&#105&#118&#101 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#119&#101&#114&#101 brought from the Cape of Good &#72&#111&#112&#101 &#105&#110&#49&#55&#56&#56&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#105&#110&#99&#108&#117&#100&#101&#100 2 bulls and 5 cows, along with other domesticated farm animals. Byl803, &#116&#104&#101 &#103&#111&#118&#101&#114&#110&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#111&#119&#110&#101&#100 &#97&#112&#112&#114&#111&#120&#105&#109&#97&#116&#101&#108&#121 &#49&#56&#48&#48 cattle, most of which were importedfrom the Cape, Calcutta, &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#101&#115&#116 &#99&#111&#97&#115&#116 of &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97&#46 &#73&#116 &#119&#97&#115 &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 this period thatsome &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#97&#114&#121 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 mentioned in this field guide &#112&#114&#111&#98&#97&#98&#108&#121 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 (Unsigned, 1973). According to &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116 &#74&#111&#104&#110 &#66&#117&#114&#116&#111&#110 Cleland(1934), "fungi growing in cow or horse-dung and confined to such habitats, must in &#116&#104&#101&#99&#97&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#44 &#97&#108&#108 belong to introduced species".<br> It &#105&#115 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#104&#97&#118&#101 been the &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104&#65&#102&#114&#105&#99&#97&#110 &#100&#117&#110&#103 &#98&#101&#101&#116&#108&#101 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 may have actually &#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115&#46 &#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 Englishmycologist Roy Watling of the Royal Botanic Gardens in Glasgow, Scotland, "it must &#98&#101&#114&#101&#109&#101&#109&#98&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 &#99&#97&#110 change substrate preferences and there &#97&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#112&#114&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#111&#117&#115&#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 &#111&#110 &#107&#97&#110&#103&#97&#114&#111&#111 droppings etc." Some mycologists who &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#115&#116&#117&#100&#105&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#34&#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#34 in Australia and NZ claim that the "use of &#80&#46 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#97&#115 &#97 recreational &#100&#114&#117&#103&#116&#101&#110&#100&#115 &#116&#111 &#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#114&#109 &#116&#104&#101 belief that &#91&#115&#111&#109&#101&#93 &#102&#97&#114&#109&#101&#114&#115 &#105&#110 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 times may have] added one or two basidiomes gilled mushrooms] to a mealto &#108&#105&#118&#101&#110 &#105&#116 &#117&#112 &#91&#97&#110&#100 still do] Margot & Watling, 1981)." CATTLE AS A POSSIBLE DISPERSAL MECHANISM FOR PSYCHOACTIVE DUNG &#70&#85&#78&#71&#73&#13&#10&#79&#110&#101 &#109&#97&#121 &#97&#115&#107 &#116&#104&#101 question, "how did &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#114&#105&#118&#101 &#105&#110 Australia and New Zealand?" Well &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#109&#97&#121 &#98&#101 endemic,that is, they were already there naturally. Other &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101 above described dung-inhabiting mushrooms &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121&#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#97&#102&#116&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#101 introduction of cattle on the subcontinent.The first livestock &#116&#111 &#97&#114&#114&#105&#118&#101 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 were brought &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#67&#97&#112&#101 &#111&#102 Good Hope in1788, and &#105&#110&#99&#108&#117&#100&#101&#100 &#50 &#98&#117&#108&#108&#115 &#97&#110&#100 5 cows, along with other domesticated farm &#97&#110&#105&#109&#97&#108&#115&#46 &#66&#121&#108&#56&#48&#51&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#103&#111&#118&#101&#114&#110&#109&#101&#110&#116 owned approximately &#49&#56&#48&#48 &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101&#44 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#111&#102 which were importedfrom the Cape, Calcutta, and the west coast of America.<br> It was &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#112&#101&#114&#105&#111&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#115&#111&#109&#101 of the visionary mushrooms mentioned in this field &#103&#117&#105&#100&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#98&#97&#98&#108&#121 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 inAustralia (Unsigned, &#49&#57&#55&#51&#41&#46 &#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110 mycologist &#74&#111&#104&#110 &#66&#117&#114&#116&#111&#110 &#67&#108&#101&#108&#97&#110&#100&#40&#49&#57&#51&#52&#41&#44 &#34&#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 growing in cow or horse-dung &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#115&#117&#99&#104 habitats, must in thecase of Australia, all &#98&#101&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#105&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#101&#100 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#34&#46 It is believed &#116&#111 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104&#65&#102&#114&#105&#99&#97&#110 &#100&#117&#110&#103 beetle which may have actually spread the spores. According to Englishmycologist Roy Watling of &#116&#104&#101 &#82&#111&#121&#97&#108 &#66&#111&#116&#97&#110&#105&#99 &#71&#97&#114&#100&#101&#110&#115 in Glasgow, Scotland, "it must beremembered &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 &#99&#97&#110 &#99&#104&#97&#110&#103&#101 substrate preferences and there are coprophilousfungi on kangaroo &#100&#114&#111&#112&#112&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#101&#116&#99&#46&#34 &#83&#111&#109&#101 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 who have studied the "magicmushrooms" &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#90 &#99&#108&#97&#105&#109 that the "use &#111&#102 &#80&#46 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#97&#115 a &#114&#101&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#100&#114&#117&#103&#116&#101&#110&#100&#115 &#116&#111 &#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#114&#109 &#116&#104&#101 belief that some] farmers in early times &#109&#97&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101&#93 &#97&#100&#100&#101&#100 &#111&#110&#101 or two basidiomes gilled &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#93 &#116&#111 &#97 &#109&#101&#97&#108&#116&#111 &#108&#105&#118&#101&#110 it up and &#115&#116&#105&#108&#108 &#100&#111&#93 &#77&#97&#114&#103&#111&#116 &#38&#97&#109&#112&#59 Watling, 1981)." CATTLE &#65&#83 &#65 &#80&#79&#83&#83&#73&#66&#76&#69 &#68&#73&#83&#80&#69&#82&#83&#65&#76 MECHANISM FOR PSYCHOACTIVE DUNG FUNGI One may ask the question, "how did these &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#114&#105&#118&#101 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 and New Zealand?" &#87&#101&#108&#108 &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#109&#97&#121 be endemic,that is, they were already there naturally. Other species such &#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#97&#98&#111&#118&#101 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101&#100 dung-inhabiting mushrooms &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121&#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#97&#102&#116&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#101 &#105&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 of cattle on the subcontinent.The first livestock to arrive in Australia were &#98&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#116 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#67&#97&#112&#101 of Good Hope in1788, and &#105&#110&#99&#108&#117&#100&#101&#100 &#50 &#98&#117&#108&#108&#115 &#97&#110&#100 5 cows, along with &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#100&#111&#109&#101&#115&#116&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#102&#97&#114&#109 &#97&#110&#105&#109&#97&#108&#115&#46 Byl803, the government &#111&#119&#110&#101&#100 &#97&#112&#112&#114&#111&#120&#105&#109&#97&#116&#101&#108&#121 &#49&#56&#48&#48 &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101&#44 &#109&#111&#115&#116 of &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#105&#109&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100&#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 Cape, Calcutta, and the west coast of &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97&#46 &#73&#116 &#119&#97&#115 &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 this period &#116&#104&#97&#116&#115&#111&#109&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#97&#114&#121 mushrooms mentioned in this field guide probably first appeared &#105&#110&#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#40&#85&#110&#115&#105&#103&#110&#101&#100&#44 &#49&#57&#55&#51&#41&#46 &#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 to Australian mycologist John Burton Cleland(1934), "fungi &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#119 &#111&#114 horse-dung and &#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#97&#116&#115&#44 must in &#116&#104&#101&#99&#97&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#44 &#97&#108&#108 belong &#116&#111 &#105&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#101&#100 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#34&#46 &#73&#116 is believed &#116&#111 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 SouthAfrican &#100&#117&#110&#103 &#98&#101&#101&#116&#108&#101 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#109&#97&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 actually spread &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115&#46 &#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 Englishmycologist Roy Watling of the Royal Botanic Gardens &#105&#110 &#71&#108&#97&#115&#103&#111&#119&#44 &#83&#99&#111&#116&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#34&#105&#116 must beremembered that fungi can change substrate preferences and there are coprophilousfungi on kangaroo droppings etc." Some mycologists who have studied the "magicmushrooms" in Australia and &#78&#90 &#99&#108&#97&#105&#109 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 "use of P. cubensis as a recreational drugtends to confirm the belief that some farmers &#105&#110 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 &#91&#109&#97&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 added one or two basidiomes gilled mushrooms to a mealto liven it up and &#115&#116&#105&#108&#108 &#100&#111 &#77&#97&#114&#103&#111&#116 &#38&#97&#109&#112&#59 Watling, &#49&#57&#56&#49&#41&#46&#34&#13&#10&#13&#10&#67&#65&#84&#84&#76&#69 &#65&#83 &#65 &#80&#79&#83&#83&#73&#66&#76&#69 DISPERSAL MECHANISM FOR PSYCHOACTIVE DUNG FUNGI One may ask the question, "how did these mushrooms arrive in Australia and New Zealand?" Well &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#109&#97&#121 &#98&#101 endemic,that is, they were already there naturally. Other species such as &#116&#104&#101 &#97&#98&#111&#118&#101 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101&#100 &#100&#117&#110&#103&#45&#105&#110&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 mushrooms most likelyappeared after the introduction of &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#111&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116&#46&#84&#104&#101 first &#108&#105&#118&#101&#115&#116&#111&#99&#107 &#116&#111 &#97&#114&#114&#105&#118&#101 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 were brought &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#67&#97&#112&#101 &#111&#102 Good Hope in1788, &#97&#110&#100 &#105&#110&#99&#108&#117&#100&#101&#100 &#50 &#98&#117&#108&#108&#115 and &#53 &#99&#111&#119&#115&#44 &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#100&#111&#109&#101&#115&#116&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#102&#97&#114&#109 animals. Byl803, &#116&#104&#101 &#103&#111&#118&#101&#114&#110&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#111&#119&#110&#101&#100 &#97&#112&#112&#114&#111&#120&#105&#109&#97&#116&#101&#108&#121 1800 cattle, most of which &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#105&#109&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100&#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#67&#97&#112&#101&#44 Calcutta, and the west &#99&#111&#97&#115&#116 &#111&#102 &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97&#46 &#73&#116 was during this period thatsome of the visionary &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#109&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#105&#115 field guide probably first appeared inAustralia &#40&#85&#110&#115&#105&#103&#110&#101&#100&#44 &#49&#57&#55&#51&#41&#46 &#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 Australian mycologist &#74&#111&#104&#110 &#66&#117&#114&#116&#111&#110 &#67&#108&#101&#108&#97&#110&#100&#40&#49&#57&#51&#52&#41&#44 &#34&#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 growing in &#99&#111&#119 &#111&#114 &#104&#111&#114&#115&#101&#45&#100&#117&#110&#103 &#97&#110&#100 confined to &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#97&#116&#115&#44 &#109&#117&#115&#116 &#105&#110 thecase <H1> cow manure mushrooms</H1> &#111&#102 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#44 &#97&#108&#108 &#98&#101&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#111 introduced species". It is believed to have &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104&#65&#102&#114&#105&#99&#97&#110 &#100&#117&#110&#103 beetle which may have actually spread the spores. According to Englishmycologist Roy Watling of the Royal Botanic <u> Hillucination Mushrooms On Cow Poop</u> Gardens in &#71&#108&#97&#115&#103&#111&#119&#44 &#83&#99&#111&#116&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#34&#105&#116 &#109&#117&#115&#116 beremembered &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 &#99&#97&#110 &#99&#104&#97&#110&#103&#101 substrate preferences and there are coprophilousfungi <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/ph.asp" title="Ph" alt="Ph" >Ph</a> on kangaroo droppings etc." Some mycologists who have studied the &#34&#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#34 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 NZ claim that the &#34&#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#80&#46 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 as a recreational drugtends to confirm the belief that some &#102&#97&#114&#109&#101&#114&#115 &#105&#110 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 may have added one or two basidiomes gilled mushrooms &#116&#111 &#97 &#109&#101&#97&#108&#116&#111 &#108&#105&#118&#101&#110 it up and still do &#77&#97&#114&#103&#111&#116 &#38&#97&#109&#112&#59 &#87&#97&#116&#108&#105&#110&#103&#44 &#49&#57&#56&#49&#41&#46&#34&#13&#10 </p> <div align="justify"> JOCHEN GARTZ MAGIC MUSHROOMS Around the World A Scientific Journey Across Cultures and Time The &#67&#97&#115&#101 &#102&#111&#114 &#67&#104&#97&#108&#108&#101&#110&#103&#105&#110&#103 &#82&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 Value Systems * LIS PUBLICATIONS &#42 &#76&#79&#83 &#65&#78&#71&#69&#76&#69&#83&#44 &#67&#65&#42&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 1 &#45 &#87&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#67&#111&#108&#111&#114 &#80&#97&#105&#110&#116&#105&#110&#103 of Psilocybe semilanceata (Germany, 1927) TABLE &#79&#70 &#67&#79&#78&#84&#69&#78&#84 &#40&#87&#105&#116&#104 &#65&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 Links' Just Click On A &#83&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116 &#84&#111 &#71&#111 &#84&#111 The Page) "Who &#87&#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#70&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#77&#97&#103&#105&#99&#105&#97&#110&#63&#34 &#45 Foreword by &#67&#104&#114&#105&#115&#116&#105&#97&#110 &#82&#97&#116&#115&#99&#104 &#55&#13&#10&#49&#46 &#73&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 9 2. Reflections &#111&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#72&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#121 &#97&#110&#100 &#83&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99 Study &#111&#102 &#77&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#49&#48&#13&#10&#51&#46 The Current State of Knowledge About &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 &#83&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#49&#52&#13&#10&#51&#46&#49 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/britaincontacttableformyspace.asp" title="Britaincontacttableformyspace" alt="Britaincontacttableformyspace" >Britaincontacttableformyspace</a> &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 semilanceata: The Classic Species &#65&#109&#111&#110&#103 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 &#80&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 16 3.<br>2 Psilocybe cyanescens: Potent &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#71&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#110 &#87&#111&#111&#100 &#68&#101&#98&#114&#105&#115 29 3.3 Panaeolus subbalteatus: Mycology and Myths about the &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 &#83&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#51&#55&#13&#10&#51&#46&#52 &#73&#110&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 aeruginascens: Fast-Spreading New Arrivals 44 3.5 Gymnopilus purpuratus: &#77&#97&#103&#110&#105&#102&#105&#99&#101&#110&#116 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104 America 51 3.<br>6 Conocybe cyanopus: Tiny Mushrooms of Remarkable &#80&#111&#116&#101&#110&#99&#121 &#53&#53&#13&#10&#51&#46&#55 &#80&#108&#117&#116&#101&#117&#115 &#115&#97&#108&#105&#99&#105&#110&#117&#115&#58 A &#76&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101&#45&#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#87&#111&#111&#100&#45&#73&#110&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#83&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#53&#56&#13&#10&#52&#46 Mushroom Identification: &#84&#97&#120&#111&#110&#111&#109&#105&#99 &#67&#111&#110&#102&#117&#115&#105&#111&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 Potential for &#68&#101&#97&#100&#108&#121 &#77&#105&#115&#116&#97&#107&#101&#115 &#54&#49&#13&#10&#53&#46 &#84&#104&#101 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/subaeruginosagrowingseasonnewzealand.asp" title="Subaeruginosagrowingseasonnewzealand" alt="Subaeruginosagrowingseasonnewzealand" >Subaeruginosagrowingseasonnewzealand</a> Bluing Phenomenon and Metol Testing: Reality &#118&#115&#46 &#87&#105&#115&#104&#102&#117&#108 &#84&#104&#105&#110&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#54&#51&#13&#10&#54&#46 Mushroom Cultivation: Classic &#70&#105&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#101&#119 &#84&#101&#99&#104&#110&#105&#113&#117&#101&#115 66 7.<br> Psychotropic Mushroom Species Around the World 77 7.<br>1 Spotlight on North America and Hawaii &#55&#57&#13&#10&#55&#46&#50 &#77&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#105&#97 &#105&#110 &#67&#101&#110&#116&#114&#97&#108 and South America 82 7.3 Australia's Mycoflora Attracts Attention 84 7.4 European Customs &#97&#110&#100 &#67&#111&#110&#118&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#56&#55&#13&#10&#55&#46&#53 &#74&#97&#112&#97&#110&#101&#115&#101 Experimentation 93 7.6 &#73&#110&#116&#111&#120&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#79&#108&#100&#101&#115&#116 Known Mushroom Cult in Africa &#57&#53&#13&#10&#55&#46&#55 &#85&#115&#97&#103&#101 &#105&#110 &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104&#101&#97&#115&#116 Asia and the South Pacific Islands 98 8. Some Comments on Effects of Mushrooms from the Category Phantastika 102 9. Psychotherapy 108 10. Outlook &#49&#49&#52&#13&#10&#49&#49&#46 &#66&#105&#98&#108&#105&#111&#103&#114&#97&#112&#104&#121 &#49&#50&#48&#13&#10&#73&#110&#100&#101&#120 &#49&#50&#57&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 2 - Psilocybe cubensis from Australia Figure 3 &#45 &#87&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114 &#112&#97&#105&#110&#116&#105&#110&#103 of Panaeolus subbalteatus (Germany, &#49&#57&#50&#55&#41&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#52 &#45 &#70&#114&#101&#115&#104 Panaeolus subbalteatus mushrooms. FOREWORD Nobody knows precisely when the first magic mushroom emerged from the shadows of prehistory to &#101&#110&#116&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#105&#103&#104&#116 &#111&#102 consciousness. Nobody &#107&#110&#111&#119&#115 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 magic mushroom was eaten by a human being.<br> Nobody &#107&#110&#111&#119&#115&#13&#10&#106&#117&#115&#116 &#119&#104&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 magic mushroom eater &#119&#97&#115&#46 &#73&#110&#13&#10&#115&#101&#101&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#97&#110&#115&#119&#101&#114&#115 &#116&#111 these questions, we &#99&#97&#110 &#111&#110&#108&#121&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#117&#108&#97&#116&#101&#46 &#77&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#111&#98&#101&#115&#44 &#104&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 are &#113&#117&#105&#99&#107 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#118&#111&#105&#99&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#99&#111&#110&#118&#105&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 that &#111&#110&#108&#121 &#97 &#102&#111&#111&#108 &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 be reckless enough &#116&#111 &#119&#97&#110&#116 &#116&#111 &#97&#116&#116&#97&#105&#110 a &#104&#105&#103&#104&#101&#114 &#115&#116&#97&#116&#101&#13&#10&#111&#102 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115 &#98&#101&#121&#111&#110&#100 the boundaries of everyday &#114&#101&#97&#108&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#65&#110&#100 &#111&#110&#108&#121 &#97 fool would attempt to &#100&#111 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#98&#121 &#105&#110&#103&#101&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103 those &#111&#100&#100 &#108&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#109&#121&#115&#116&#101&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115&#108&#121 thrive on decaying, humid soil, rotten wood and malodorous &#109&#111&#117&#110&#100&#115 &#111&#102 &#99&#111&#119&#13&#10&#109&#97&#110&#117&#114&#101&#46&#13&#10&#72&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#105&#99&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#44 mushrooms &#104&#97&#118&#101&#13&#10&#98&#101&#101&#110 &#102&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#97&#110&#100 &#104&#97&#116&#101&#100&#96 since antiquity: magic mushrooms were thought to be made from poisons that had dripped from serpents' fangs; they were considered to be unclean emissions &#111&#102&#13&#10&#101&#118&#105&#108 &#115&#112&#105&#114&#105&#116&#115&#59 &#109&#111&#114&#101&#111&#118&#101&#114&#44 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 were a kn </div> <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/cow+manure+psilocybin+mushroom+cultivation.asp" title="Cow Manure Psilocybin Mushroom Cultivation" alt="Cow Manure Psilocybin Mushroom Cultivation" >Cow Manure Psilocybin Mushroom Cultivation</a> Those magic mushroom indentifiion nz who <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/united+states+coins.asp" title="United Coins Coins" alt="United Coins Coins" >United Coins Coins</a> &#105&#110&#103&#101&#115&#116 &#67&#111&#112&#101&#108&#97&#110&#100&#105&#97 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115&#44 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 <p align="justify"> &#101 &#99&#114&#101&#101&#107 &#111&#110 &#119&#111&#111&#100 chips of Carpinus, Alnus and Salix, on &#114&#97&#119 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#111&#115&#116&#13&#10&#109&#105&#120&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#80&#105&#99&#101&#97&#44 Pinus and &#76&#97&#114&#105&#120 &#110&#101&#101&#100&#108&#101&#115&#44&#13&#10&#97&#115&#13&#10&#83&#101&#112&#116&#46 &#79&#99&#116&#46 &#78&#111&#118&#46 Dec. Jan.<br> Figure 21 <H3> Magic Mushrooms For Sale</H3> - Fruiting curve of Psilocybe cyanescens &#98&#97&#115&#101&#100 &#111&#110 &#111&#98&#115&#101&#114&#118&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#97&#116 several locations in the &#102&#111&#114&#109&#101&#114 &#67&#122&#101&#99&#104&#111&#115&#108&#111&#118&#97&#107&#105&#97&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#109&#121&#99&#101&#108&#105&#97 &#109&#97&#107&#101 use of different kinds of plant &#100&#101&#98&#114&#105&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#101&#118&#101&#110 &#103&#114&#111&#119 on wet cardboard, where &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#100&#101&#118&#101&#108&#111&#112 &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#114&#104&#105&#122&#111&#109&#111&#114&#112&#104&#115 just like they would &#105&#110 &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101&#46 &#82&#104&#105&#122&#111&#109&#111&#114&#112&#104&#115 &#97&#114&#101 thick strands &#111&#102 &#109&#121&#99&#101&#108&#105&#97 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#115&#101&#114&#118&#101 to &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#112&#111&#114&#116&#13&#10&#110&#117&#116&#114&#105&#101&#110&#116&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#119&#97&#116&#101&#114&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#121 also &#100&#101&#118&#101&#108&#111&#112 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#110&#115&#101&#13&#10&#98&#108&#117&#101 &#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115 &#40&#115&#101&#101 Figure 22). Figure 23 Distribution pattern of Psilocybe cyanescens in &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#100&#106&#97&#99&#101&#110&#116 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115&#13&#10&#40&#97&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 Krieglsteiner). &#76&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#97&#114&#101&#13&#10&#105&#110&#100&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107 &#100&#111&#116&#115&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 22 Psilocybe bohemica rhizomorphs &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#110&#13&#10&#119&#101&#116 &#99&#97&#114&#100&#98&#111&#97&#114&#100&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#50&#52 - Psilocybe cyanescens &#97&#116 &#97 &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 (USA). Figure 25 - Psilocybe &#98&#111&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97 &#111&#110 &#116&#119&#105&#103&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#108&#101&#97&#118&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#73&#109&#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#105&#118&#101 Experiences Psilocybe bohemica is a very psychoactive species.<br> Its effects are vividly documented &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#102&#111&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#97&#99&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116 &#111&#102 one &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108 &#115&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#115&#116&#39&#115&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#97&#115 &#112&#97&#114&#116 of controlled clinical trials in Prague: About 30 mg of psilocybin in mushroom tissue was prepared in hot &#119&#97&#116&#101&#114&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115&#13&#10&#97&#108&#114&#101&#97&#100&#121 &#110&#111&#116&#105&#99&#101&#97&#98&#108&#101 ten minutes after ingestion. I grew increasingly quiet. At first, my legs &#98&#101&#103&#97&#110 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#116&#105&#110&#103&#108&#101&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#110 &#109&#121 underarms as well. Aside &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#97&#13&#10&#100&#101&#101&#112&#101&#114 &#98&#114&#101&#97&#116&#104&#105&#110&#103 &#114&#104&#121&#116&#104&#109&#44 &#102&#101&#119 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#115&#111&#109&#97&#116&#105&#99 &#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115&#13&#10&#119&#101&#114&#101 noted.<br> Initially there were fits of laughter caused by unusual cognitive associations; this laughter also affected the two "sober" guides. A growing hyperacuity interfered with the ability to listen &#116&#111 &#109&#117&#115&#105&#99&#44 &#115&#111 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#86&#105&#118&#97&#108&#100&#105&#39&#115 "Springtime" caused painful stabs &#105&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#114&#97&#105&#110&#46 &#73 compared the pain to that caused by a "sawing &#107&#110&#105&#102&#101&#34&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#109&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#115 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#98&#108&#111&#97&#116&#101&#100 and &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#46&#46&#46&#13&#10&#69&#120&#105&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#98&#111&#100&#105&#108&#121 &#99&#104&#97&#114&#97&#99&#116&#101&#114&#105&#115&#116&#105&#99&#115&#44 &#115&#117&#99&#104 as &#116&#104&#105&#110&#110&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#104&#97&#105&#114 &#115&#116&#105&#109&#117&#108&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#97 &#112&#101&#114&#115&#111&#110&#39&#115 illusionary transformation into &#97 &#109&#111&#110&#107 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#111&#110&#115&#117&#114&#101&#46 Their voices also appeared reverent and, from a somewhat paranoid &#112&#111&#105&#110&#116 &#111&#102 &#118&#105&#101&#119&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 gentlemen at times seemed to be working &#97 &#115&#119&#105&#116&#99&#104&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#116&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#116&#104&#97&#116&#44 &#102&#111&#114 some reasons, was my enemy. &#65&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#97&#109&#101&#13&#10&#116&#105&#109&#101&#44 &#73 found both &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#109 &#116&#111 &#98&#101 quite &#108&#105&#107&#101&#97&#98&#108&#101&#46&#13&#10&#68&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#116&#105&#109&#101 &#112&#101&#114&#105&#111&#100&#44 the &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#102&#101&#109&#97&#108&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#13&#10&#112&#101&#114&#99&#101&#105&#118&#101&#100 &#102&#97&#110&#116&#97&#115&#116&#105&#99 images of moving colors and saw visions of her whole &#108&#105&#102&#101 &#117&#110&#102&#111&#108&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#98&#101&#104&#105&#110&#100&#13&#10&#99&#108&#111&#115&#101&#100 &#101&#121&#101&#115&#46 During this <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/mushrocksgrowkit.asp" title="Mushrocksgrowkit" alt="Mushrocksgrowkit" >Mushrocksgrowkit</a> period, I had the distinct impression that an electrical current was flowing through my body, which was not an uncomfortable sensation.<br> About three hours later, &#116&#104&#101 &#103&#101&#110&#116&#108&#101&#109&#101&#110&#13&#10&#114&#101&#116&#105&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 kitchen &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101 &#111&#102 the experience changed quite drastically. At &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#73 &#102&#101&#108&#116 &#97&#115 &#105&#102 my legs were increasingly merging &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#97&#108&#108&#44 &#97 very comfortable experience. In a state of &#117&#116&#116&#101&#114 &#99&#108&#97&#114&#105&#116&#121 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#44 &#73 finally felt as if I had &#110&#111 &#98&#111&#100&#121 &#97&#116 &#97&#108&#108&#46&#13&#10&#73 said. "The most &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#112&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#101&#120&#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101 of a pure soul". Using words as triggers, we &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#98&#108&#101 &#116&#111 &#105&#110&#100&#117&#99&#101 shared experiences o </p> </p> <p>The question of dosage is often confused by the variation in the source of the hallucinogenic mushroom species which is consumed. JOCHEN GARTZ MAGIC MUSHROOMS Around the World A Scientific Journey Across Cultures and Time The Case for Challenging Research and Value Systems * LIS PUBLICATIONS * LOS ANGELES, CA* Figure 1 - Water Color Painting of Psilocybe semilanceata (Germany, 1927) TABLE OF CONTENT (With Active Links' Just Click On A Subject To Go To The Page) "Who Was the First Magician?" - Foreword by Christian Ratsch 7 1. Introduction 9 2. Reflections on the History and Scientific Study of Magic Mushrooms 10 3. The Current State of Knowledge About European Species 14 3.1 Psilocybe semilanceata: The Classic Species Among European Psychotropic Mushrooms 16 3.2 Psilocybe cyanescens: Potent Mushrooms Growing on Wood Debris 29 3.3 Panaeolus subbalteatus: Mycology and Myths about the Panaeolus Species 37 3.4 Inocybe aeruginascens: Fast-Spreading New Arrivals 44 3.5 Gymnopilus purpuratus: Magnificent Mushrooms from South America 51 3.6 Conocybe cyanopus: Tiny Mushrooms of Remarkable Potency 55 3.7 Pluteus salicinus: A Little-known Wood-Inhabiting Species 58 4. Mushroom Identification: Taxonomic Confusion and the Potential for Deadly Mistakes 61 5. The Bluing Phenomenon and Metol Testing: Reality vs. Wishful Thinking 63 6. Mushroom Cultivation: Classic Findings and New Techniques 66 7. Psychotropic Mushroom Species Around the World 77 7.1 Spotlight on North America and Hawaii 79 7.2 Mycophilia in Central and South America 82 7.3 Australia's Mycoflora Attracts Attention 84 7.4 European Customs and Conventions 87 7.5 Japanese Experimentation 93 7.6 Intoxications and the Oldest Known Mushroom Cult in Africa 95 7.7 Usage in Southeast Asia and the South Pacific Islands 98 8. Some Comments on Effects of Mushrooms from the Category Phantastika 102 9. Psychotherapy 108 10. Outlook 114 11. Bibliography 120 Index 129 Figure 2 - Psilocybe cubensis from Australia Figure 3 - Water color painting of Panaeolus subbalteatus (Germany, 1927). Figure 4 - Fresh Panaeolus subbalteatus mushrooms. FOREWORD Nobody knows precisely when the first magic mushroom emerged from the shadows of prehistory to enter the light of consciousness. Nobody knows when the first magic mushroom was eaten by a human being. Nobody knows just who the first magic mushroom eater was. In seeking answers to these questions, we can only speculate. Mycophobes, however, are quick to voice their conviction that only a fool would be reckless enough to want to attain a higher state of consciousness beyond the boundaries of everyday reality. And only a fool would attempt to do this by ingesting those odd little things that mysteriously thrive on decaying, humid soil, rotten wood and malodorous mounds of cow manure. Historically, magic, mushrooms have been feared and hated` since antiquity: magic mushrooms were thought to be made from poisons that had dripped from serpents' fangs; they were considered to be unclean emissions of evil spirits; moreover, mushrooms were a kn e creek on &#119&#111&#111&#100 &#99&#104&#105&#112&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#67&#97&#114&#112&#105&#110&#117&#115&#44 &#65&#108&#110&#117&#115 and Salix, &#111&#110 &#114&#97&#119 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#111&#115&#116&#13&#10&#109&#105&#120&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#80&#105&#99&#101&#97&#44 Pinus and &#76&#97&#114&#105&#120 &#110&#101&#101&#100&#108&#101&#115&#44&#13&#10&#97&#115&#13&#10&#83&#101&#112&#116&#46 &#79&#99&#116&#46 &#78&#111&#118&#46 Dec. Jan. Figure 21 - Fruiting curve of Psilocybe cyanescens based on observations at several locations in the former Czechoslovakia. The mycelia make use of different kinds of plant debris and even grow &#111&#110 &#119&#101&#116 &#99&#97&#114&#100&#98&#111&#97&#114&#100&#44&#13&#10&#119&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#121 develop into rhizomorphs &#106&#117&#115&#116 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101&#121 &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#105&#110 nature.<br> Rhizomorphs are thick strands of mycelia that serve to transport nutrients and water. They &#97&#108&#115&#111 &#100&#101&#118&#101&#108&#111&#112 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#110&#115&#101&#13&#10&#98&#108&#117&#101 &#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115 (see Figure 22). Figure 23 Distribution pattern of Psilocybe cyanescens in Germany and adjacent areas (according to Krieglsteiner). Locations are indicated by black dots. Figure 22 Psilocybe &#98&#111&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97&#13&#10&#114&#104&#105&#122&#111&#109&#111&#114&#112&#104&#115 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#110&#13&#10&#119&#101&#116 &#99&#97&#114&#100&#98&#111&#97&#114&#100&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 24 - &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#97&#116 &#97 natural location (USA). Figure 25 - Psilocybe bohemica on twigs and leaves. Impressive Experiences Psilocybe bohemica is a very &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#73&#116&#115 &#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115 &#97&#114&#101 vividly &#100&#111&#99&#117&#109&#101&#110&#116&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#102&#111&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#97&#99&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116 of one natural scientist's experience as part of controlled clinical trials in Prague: About &#51&#48 &#109&#103 &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 in mushroom tissue was &#112&#114&#101&#112&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#104&#111&#116 &#119&#97&#116&#101&#114&#44 with effects already &#110&#111&#116&#105&#99&#101&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#116&#101&#110 &#109&#105&#110&#117&#116&#101&#115 &#97&#102&#116&#101&#114 ingestion. &#73&#13&#10&#103&#114&#101&#119 &#105&#110&#99&#114&#101&#97&#115&#105&#110&#103&#108&#121 &#113&#117&#105&#101&#116&#46 &#65&#116 first, my legs began to tingle, then &#109&#121 &#117&#110&#100&#101&#114&#97&#114&#109&#115 &#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108&#46 Aside from a deeper breathing rhythm, few other somatic &#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115&#13&#10&#119&#101&#114&#101 &#110&#111&#116&#101&#100&#46 &#73&#110&#105&#116&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 were &#102&#105&#116&#115 &#111&#102 &#108&#97&#117&#103&#104&#116&#101&#114&#13&#10&#99&#97&#117&#115&#101&#100 &#98&#121 unusual cognitive &#97&#115&#115&#111&#99&#105&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#59 &#116&#104&#105&#115&#13&#10&#108&#97&#117&#103&#104&#116&#101&#114 &#97&#108&#115&#111 &#97&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 the two &#34&#115&#111&#98&#101&#114&#34 &#103&#117&#105&#100&#101&#115&#46 &#65&#13&#10&#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#104&#121&#112&#101&#114&#97&#99&#117&#105&#116&#121 interfered with the ability to listen to music, so that Vivaldi's "Springtime" caused painful stabs inside the &#98&#114&#97&#105&#110&#46 &#73 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#97&#114&#101&#100&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#112&#97&#105&#110 to that caused &#98&#121 &#97 &#34&#115&#97&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#107&#110&#105&#102&#101&#34&#46 The experimenters appeared bloated and yellow... Existing &#98&#111&#100&#105&#108&#121 &#99&#104&#97&#114&#97&#99&#116&#101&#114&#105&#115&#116&#105&#99&#115&#44 &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#97&#115 thinning hair stimulated <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/mushrocksgrowkit.asp" title="Mushrocksgrowkit" alt="Mushrocksgrowkit" >Mushrocksgrowkit</a> a person's illusionary transformation into a monk &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#111&#110&#115&#117&#114&#101&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#105&#114&#13&#10&#118&#111&#105&#99&#101&#115 &#97&#108&#115&#111 appeared reverent &#97&#110&#100&#44 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#97&#13&#10&#115&#111&#109&#101&#119&#104&#97&#116 &#112&#97&#114&#97&#110&#111&#105&#100 point of &#118&#105&#101&#119&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#103&#101&#110&#116&#108&#101&#109&#101&#110&#13&#10&#97&#116 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 seemed to be working a &#115&#119&#105&#116&#99&#104&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#116&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#116&#104&#97&#116&#44 &#102&#111&#114 &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#114&#101&#97&#115&#111&#110&#115&#44 was &#109&#121 &#101&#110&#101&#109&#121&#46 &#65&#116 &#116&#104&#101 same time, I found &#98&#111&#116&#104 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#109 &#116&#111 be quite likeable. During this time period, &#116&#104&#101 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#102&#101&#109&#97&#108&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#13&#10&#112&#101&#114&#99&#101&#105&#118&#101&#100 fantastic images of moving colors and saw visions of her whole life unfolding behind closed eyes. During this period, I had the distinct impression that an electrical current &#119&#97&#115 &#102&#108&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#116&#104&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104 &#109&#121 &#98&#111&#100&#121&#44 which was not an uncomfortable sensation. About three hours later, the &#103&#101&#110&#116&#108&#101&#109&#101&#110&#13&#10&#114&#101&#116&#105&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#107&#105&#116&#99&#104&#101&#110 and the nature of the experience changed quite &#100&#114&#97&#115&#116&#105&#99&#97&#108&#108&#121&#46&#13&#10&#65&#116 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#73 &#102&#101&#108&#116 as if my legs &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#105&#110&#99&#114&#101&#97&#115&#105&#110&#103&#108&#121&#13&#10&#109&#101&#114&#103&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 wall, a very comfortable experience. In a &#115&#116&#97&#116&#101 &#111&#102 &#117&#116&#116&#101&#114 &#99&#108&#97&#114&#105&#116&#121 Psilocube semilanceata of consciousness, I finally felt <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/libertycapmushroomsuk.asp" title="Libertycapmushroomsuk" alt="Libertycapmushroomsuk" >Libertycapmushroomsuk</a> as if I had no body &#97&#116 &#97&#108&#108&#46&#13&#10&#73 &#115&#97&#105&#100&#46 &#34&#84&#104&#101 most descriptive expression &#105&#115 <H3>Cow On Poop Mushrooms Mushrooms</H3> &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#111&#102 &#97 pure soul". Using words as &#116&#114&#105&#103&#103&#101&#114&#115&#44&#13&#10&#119&#101 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#98&#108&#101 &#116&#111 induce shared experiences o Most recreational users of Psilocybe cubensis (when grown in vitro) require a dosage of ulinary mushroom bears no resemblance, either in size or form, to Inocybe aeruginascens. Overall, however, these unfortunate cases have also contributed to our understanding of mushroom biochemistry. In this context, I want to emphasize once more that the hallucinogenic varieties among the Inocybes can easily be mistaken for those muscarine-producing Inocybe species that are extremely poisonous. As part of his investigation of the Psilocybe genus, Guzman noted a common trait among the hallucinogenic species, in addition to the bluing reaction: a flour-like smell or taste. Apart from the inherent subjective nature of our sense of smell and taste, a common odor is a trait that definitely does not apply to the European species (also see Chapter 3.2). Mycophile or Mycophobe? There are reports from the Western United States about people with expert knowledge of Psilocybe semilanceata - devoted mushroom hunters who can identify the species with drill and accuracy. At the same time, however, these experts cannot identify easily spotted common table mushrooms, nor are they able to differentiate the Agaricus species (champignons) from other mushrooms, even when these species grow on the same pasture. Such individuals, then, are not interested in species other than Psilocybe semilanceata. In my opinion, this attitude reflects a rare combination of mycophilia and mycophobia. A mushroom's spore dust provides important information needed to determine identity. A spore print is left by the gills when the cap is placed on black or white paper (depending on spore color). As the process takes several hours, a glass vessel must be placed over the cap to prevent drying. While useful, information obtained from spore analyses has its limitations, For instance, spores derived from mushrooms belonging to different genera may have the same color, but reveal basic differences under the microscope. There is also a high degree of similarity among spores from different Psilocybe species. Thus, the only way to prevent grave errors and potentially deadly intoxications is to rely on experienced experts for mushroom identification, a process that must include analysis of available ecological data. CHAPTER 5 THE BLUING PHENOMENON AND METOL TESTING: REALITY VS. WISHFUL THINKING As previously discussed in Chapters 3.1 and 3.7, the bluing reaction is characteristic of species that produce psilocybin. Still, for unknown reasons, some species or samples belonging to a genus that usually turns blue may not always change color, regardless of psilocybin content. Among the species that I have examined, Psilocybe bohemica displayed the most impressive bluing reaction. The caps of this species stain very quickly in reaction to pressure. Other species, such as Psilocybe cubensis (Earle) Sing. have stems that develop very intensely blue stains, while their caps do not exhibit the bluing reaction. By contrast, Psilocybe Most recreational users of Psilocybe cubensis (when grown in vitro) require a dosage of <div align="left"> It has &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#115&#117&#103&#103&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#97&#110 Australian physician that &#116&#104&#101 &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#112&#117&#98&#108&#105&#99 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#44 as well as members of &#105&#116&#115 &#100&#114&#117&#103 &#117&#115&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#117&#98&#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#44 first became aware of the &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#97&#114&#121 &#112&#114&#111&#112&#101&#114&#116&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 psychoactive mushrooms by a <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magicmushroompickingwales.asp" title="Magicmushroompickingwales" alt="Magicmushroompickingwales" >Magicmushroompickingwales</a> &#118&#105&#115&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#117&#114&#102&#101&#114&#40&#115&#41&#44 &#119&#104&#111 &#99&#97&#109&#101 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/mushrocksIllegalinAustralia.asp" title="Mushrocksillegalinaustralia" alt="Mushrocksillegalinaustralia" >Mushrocksillegalinaustralia</a> from either New Zealand &#111&#114 &#116&#104&#101 &#85&#110&#105&#116&#101&#100 &#83&#116&#97&#116&#101&#115 (Hawaii) and most likely provided ethnomycological information to local surfers &#40&#77&#99&#67&#97&#114&#116&#104&#121&#44 &#49&#57&#55&#49&#41&#46 &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#112&#104&#121&#115&#105&#99&#105&#97&#110 reported that the use of psychoactive mushrooms, as well as 21 other drugs "was well demonstrated during a survey on &#100&#114&#117&#103 &#97&#98&#117&#115&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#119&#97&#115 conducted in &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104&#101&#114&#110 &#81&#117&#101&#101&#110&#115&#108&#97&#110&#100 &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#108&#57&#54&#57&#46&#34 This survey relied &#111&#110 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#118&#105&#101&#119&#115 &#111&#102 &#53&#49 &#112&#101&#111&#112&#108&#101 belonging to "the `surfer' subculture local beach resorts". In this report, &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#111&#99&#116&#111&#114 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 "although &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#117&#114&#118&#101&#121 &#105&#110&#118&#111&#108&#118&#101&#100 &#115&#117&#114&#102&#101&#114&#115 &#97&#110&#100 their female friends, there is no suggestion that the use of these drugs is confined to this group, which constitutes &#98&#117&#116 &#97 &#112&#114&#111&#112&#111&#114&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 our (Australian) &#121&#111&#117&#110&#103 &#100&#114&#117&#103 &#116&#97&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#117&#110&#105&#116&#121&#46&#34 It is thus &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#119&#111&#114&#100&#45&#111&#102&#45&#109&#111&#117&#116&#104 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#117&#110&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#109&#97&#100&#101 a significant contribution to the &#105&#110&#99&#114&#101&#97&#115&#105&#110&#103 &#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#34&#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 mushrooms" in Australia and &#78&#90&#46 </div> </p> <p>The majority of adverse physical effects or negative psychological reactions produced by "magic mushrooms" generally result from inappropriate set and expectation, or because of improper dosage, which may vary considerably among consumers, different mushroom species, or even within an individual species. The question of dosage is often confused by the variation in the source of the hallucinogenic mushroom species which is consumed. For example, Psilocybe cubensis, when picked and eaten from its natural dung (manure) habitat, produces a relatively mild mindaltering experience, which is evident from the large amounts of fresh specimens needed to achieve a threshold experience. However when grown in vitro (indoor laboratory cultivation and/or illicit cultivation), Psilocybe cubensis apparently can produce a more potent strain capable of inducing a very intense visual, sometimes quite disturbing, experience. This dosage assumes that the consumption of 1 to 3 gm of dried material would be too low if the mushroom specimen came from a wild source. This low potency for Psilocybe cubensis has been confirmed by research scientists Margot & Watling, (1981), who were surprised by the comparatively small amounts of psilocybin and psilocin which they extracted from wild specimens collected from five different locations in Australia. This suggests that a much larger dose would be required to produce significant hallucinations. It is possible that the chemicals most likely degenerated between the time that they were harvested and the time of analysis. However, it should be noted that a strain of Psilocybe cubensis producing different flushes (harvests) will vary somewhat in potency between flushes. , and who &#103&#111&#114&#103&#101&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101&#109&#115&#101&#108&#118&#101&#115 &#111&#110 &#111&#117&#114 &#116&#97&#120 dollars. I &#109&#101&#116 &#74&#111&#99&#104&#101&#110 &#71&#97&#114&#116&#122 &#115&#104&#111&#114&#116&#108&#121 after the fall of the &#66&#101&#114&#108&#105&#110 &#87&#97&#108&#108 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#116&#104&#105&#114&#100 symposium of the European College for the Study &#111&#102 &#67&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#13&#10&#40&#69&#67&#83&#67&#41 &#105&#110 &#70&#114&#101&#105&#98&#117&#114&#103&#44 Germany. Our encounter &#119&#97&#115&#13&#10&#109&#121 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#97&#99&#116 &#119&#105&#116&#104 a researcher from the former East Germany.<br> Jochen Gartz's &#101&#110&#116&#104&#117&#115&#105&#97&#115&#116&#105&#99 &#108&#101&#99&#116&#117&#114&#101&#13&#10&#119&#97&#115 &#97 &#116&#114&#117&#108&#121 consciousnessexpanding &#101&#118&#101&#110&#116&#44 &#104&#105&#115&#13&#10&#119&#111&#114&#100&#115 &#98&#114&#101&#97&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#100&#111&#119&#110 traditional borders and crossing over into new &#116&#101&#114&#114&#105&#116&#111&#114&#121&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#115&#112&#111&#107&#101 through him - with no &#116&#114&#97&#99&#101 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#100&#111&#103&#109&#97 &#111&#114 &#105&#100&#101&#111&#108&#111&#103&#121 &#45 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 tradition of true anarchy that is the hallmark &#111&#102&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#46 &#87&#104&#97&#116 &#73 &#104&#101&#97&#114&#100 was unbelievable.<br> Jochen &#115&#112&#111&#107&#101 &#111&#102 &#97 &#34&#110&#101&#119&#34 psychedelic mushroom and its migration.<br> &#84&#104&#101 &#109&#121&#99&#101&#108&#105&#97 &#104&#97&#100 &#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#99&#101&#110&#116&#114&#105&#99 circles &#111&#117&#116&#119&#97&#114&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#76&#101&#105&#112&#122&#105&#103&#44 &#106&#117&#109&#112&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#97&#108&#108 political &#98&#111&#114&#100&#101&#114&#115&#46 &#70&#105&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 mycelia reached West &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110 &#115&#111&#105&#108&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#104&#97&#116&#101&#100 Berlin Wall crumbled. &#67&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#112&#111&#115&#115&#105&#98&#108&#121 &#98&#101 a connection between &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#118&#111&#108&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 magic mushroom and the evolution of our consciousness? Could a mushroom have &#99&#111&#110&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#114&#101&#115&#111&#108&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 of our political &#99&#111&#110&#102&#108&#105&#99&#116&#115&#63&#13&#10&#73&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#97&#115&#116&#44 &#112&#111&#108&#105&#116&#105&#99&#105&#97&#110&#115&#44 even popes, had their own jesters and magicians, who functioned &#97&#115&#13&#10&#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#117&#114&#101 &#114&#101&#108&#101&#97&#115&#101 &#118&#97&#108&#118&#101&#115 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 machinations of political &#112&#111&#119&#101&#114 &#115&#116&#114&#117&#103&#103&#108&#101&#115&#46 &#73&#116 &#105&#115 obvious &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#97&#13&#10&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#114&#121 &#119&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#99&#104&#97&#110&#99&#101&#108&#108&#111&#114 is &#98&#101&#105&#110&#103 &#112&#101&#108&#116&#101&#100 &#119&#105&#116&#104&#13&#10&#101&#103&#103&#115&#44 &#117&#114&#103&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121 needs &#97 &#110&#101&#119 &#98&#114&#101&#101&#100 &#111&#102 magician &#119&#104&#111&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101 &#97&#98&#108&#101 &#116&#111 &#114&#101&#97&#100&#106&#117&#115&#116 reality. But &#116&#111&#100&#97&#121&#44 &#110&#111 &#97&#115&#112&#105&#114&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#105&#97&#110 &#115&#104&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#103&#111 about this task without &#116&#104&#105&#115&#13&#10&#98&#111&#111&#107 &#97&#115 &#97 &#103&#117&#105&#100&#101 for the wondrous journey &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#97&#108&#109 &#111&#102 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 mushrooms. Christian Rdtsch Figure 5 &#45 &#34&#65&#110&#116&#104&#114&#111&#112&#111&#109&#111&#114&#112&#104&#105&#99 &#66&#101&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#69&#110&#103&#97&#103&#101&#100 in Mushroom Dance" 10,000-year-old rock drawing in Tassili, &#83&#97&#104&#97&#114&#97 &#40&#65&#108&#103&#101&#114&#105&#97&#41&#13&#10&#67&#72&#65&#80&#84&#69&#82 &#49&#13&#10&#73 &#66&#69&#76&#73&#69&#86&#69 THE TIME &#72&#65&#83 &#67&#79&#77&#69 &#70&#79&#82 &#65 COMPREHENSIVE &#82&#69&#86&#73&#69&#87 &#79&#70 &#78&#69&#87&#13&#10&#70&#73&#78&#68&#73&#78&#71&#83 &#70&#82&#79&#77 <u> Hillucination Mushrooms On Cow Poop</u> THE &#70&#73&#69&#76&#68&#83 &#79&#70 &#77&#89&#67&#79&#76&#79&#71&#89&#44 &#84&#65&#88&#79&#78&#79&#77&#89 AND &#78&#65&#84&#85&#82&#65&#76&#13&#10&#80&#82&#79&#68&#85&#67&#84&#83 &#67&#72&#69&#77&#73&#83&#84&#82&#89&#13&#10&#87&#104&#101&#110 &#82&#46&#71&#46 &#87&#97&#115&#115&#111&#110&#44 R. Heim and A. Hofmann began their interdisciplinary research program to study the Mexican species &#111&#102&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#117&#115&#97&#103&#101 in Mexican mushroom cults, their efforts culminated in a 1958 landmark report that described the &#105&#115&#111&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#44&#13&#10&#109&#111&#108&#101&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114 &#115&#116&#114&#117&#99&#116&#117&#114&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#115&#121&#110&#116&#104&#101&#115&#105&#115 of the mushrooms' active ingredients: psilocybin &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#105&#110&#46 &#83&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#121&#101&#97&#114&#115 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114&#44 these <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/howtogrowmagicmush.asp" title="Howtogrowmagicmush" alt="Howtogrowmagicmush" >Howtogrowmagicmush</a> substances were also identified in a &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#44 Psilocybe semilanceata, which became the first in a &#115&#101&#114&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#110&#101&#119&#108&#121 &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#101&#100 species. Since then, psychoactive mushrooms from other genera have been reported with increasing frequency. As &#112&#97&#114&#116 &#111&#102 &#109&#121 &#97&#110&#97&#108&#121&#116&#105&#99&#97&#108 work dedicated to the identification of naturally &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114&#114&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#99&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97&#108&#115&#44 &#73 &#104&#97&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#103&#111&#111&#100 fortune to be part of a research team that studied alkaloids found in &#97&#13&#10&#118&#97&#114&#105&#101&#116&#121 &#111&#102 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 Now I believe the time has &#99&#111&#109&#101 &#102&#111&#114 &#97 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#114&#101&#104&#101&#110&#115&#105&#118&#101 review &#111&#102&#13&#10&#110&#101&#119 &#102&#105&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 fields of mycology, taxonomy and natural products chemistry. Wasson &#97&#110&#100 &#104&#105&#115 &#115&#117&#99&#99&#101&#115&#115&#111&#114&#115 &#104&#97&#118&#101 already provided detailed accounts &#112&#101&#114&#116&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#104&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#121 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#115&#116&#117&#100&#121 of the Me Most recreational users of Psilocybe cubensis (when grown in vitro) require a dosage of <p align="left"> &#120&#105&#99&#97&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 &#115&#111 that these materials need not be repeated in this context.<br> However, certain aspects concerning the more recent uses of these mushrooms as well as their conditions &#111&#102 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#116&#104 &#119&#105&#108&#108 &#114&#101&#99&#101&#105&#118&#101 more detailed attention in later chapters. The main purpose of this book &#105&#115 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#105&#110&#115&#112&#105&#114&#101 &#102&#117&#114&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#115&#116&#117&#100&#121 of these mushrooms, particularly &#98&#97&#115&#105&#99 &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104 &#101&#102&#102&#111&#114&#116&#115 &#97&#110&#100 medical applications &#111&#102 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#105&#110&#103&#114&#101&#100&#105&#101&#110&#116&#115&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 extensive bibliography will help scientists and other interested mycophiles to further &#105&#109&#109&#101&#114&#115&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#109&#115&#101&#108&#118&#101&#115 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#105&#115 complex area of study.<br> Jochen &#71&#97&#114&#116&#122&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#54 &#45 &#66&#114&#111&#110&#122&#101 &#100&#111&#111&#114&#115 with &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#109&#111&#116&#105&#102 &#101&#110&#116&#105&#116&#108&#101&#100 &#34&#84&#114&#105&#97&#108 and Judgment" at Hildesheim Cathedral, Germany (ca. 1020).<br> CHAPTER 2 REFLECTIONS ON THE HISTORY AND SCIENTIFIC &#83&#84&#85&#68&#89 &#79&#70 &#77&#65&#71&#73&#67 &#77&#85&#83&#72&#82&#79&#79&#77&#83&#13&#10&#73&#116 is remarkable that cultures native to the American continent knew about Psilocube Semilanceata a &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#108&#121 &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101&#13&#10&#110&#117&#109&#98&#101&#114 &#111&#102 &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108 mind-altering substances compared to early cultures that evolved in Europe or Asia. Botanical evidence does not support the notion that Europe is &#104&#111&#109&#101 &#116&#111 &#102&#101&#119&#101&#114 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99&#13&#10&#112&#108&#97&#110&#116&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#110 other regions. Furthermore, the growing number of &#114&#101&#99&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121 &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103 psilocybin indicate a flourishing psychotropic mycoflora in Europe similar to those found in other countries. It &#105&#115 &#117&#110&#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 European cultures learned less &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#108 &#112&#108&#97&#110&#116&#115 &#97&#110&#100 mushrooms through &#117&#115&#97&#103&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115&#13&#10&#101&#108&#115&#101&#119&#104&#101&#114&#101 in the world.<br> Most likely, early cultural knowledge of European psychoactive &#112&#108&#97&#110&#116&#115 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#97&#115 &#108&#111&#115&#116 or destroyed at some time in history, probably as early as several hundred years ago.<br> The discovery that the fly agaric mushroom &#40&#65&#109&#97&#110&#105&#116&#97 &#109&#117&#115&#99&#97&#114&#105&#97&#41 &#119&#97&#115 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 for its psychoactive properties in Siberia invited the conclusion &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#119&#97&#115 used as a psychotropic agent in medieval Europe as well. In fact, there is very little evidence from the Middle Ages to indicate &#119&#105&#100&#101&#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#108&#101&#100&#103&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115 of &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#102&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#111&#110 &#104&#117&#109&#97&#110&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#46 &#72&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 I &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magic+mushroom+prague.asp" title="Magic Mushroom Prague" alt="Magic Mushroom Prague" >Magic Mushroom Prague</a> &#112&#97&#115&#116 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#115&#13&#10&#111&#110 psychoactive &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#99&#97&#117&#115&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#108&#105&#110&#107&#101&#100&#13&#10&#116&#111 &#65&#109&#97&#110&#105&#116&#97 muscaria simply because this was &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#111&#110&#108&#121 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 in Europe &#97&#116&#13&#10&#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#46&#13&#10&#87&#104&#105&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#117&#115&#97&#103&#101 of Amanita muscaria among Siberian tribes has generated reports of spectacular hallucinations, European accounts of fly agaric intoxications do not generally include descriptions &#111&#102 &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#110&#115&#101&#108&#121 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#97&#116&#111&#114&#121&#13&#10&#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115&#46&#13&#10&#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103&#108&#121&#44 the potent hallucinogenic effects of specific Psilocybes &#97&#110&#100 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121 to &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#104&#97&#100 &#97 &#109&#117&#99&#104 more significant influence on &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#110 the delirium-like visions &#105&#110&#100&#117&#99&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#65&#109&#97&#110&#105&#116&#97&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#99&#97&#114&#105&#97&#44 &#97 species that is also known to induce unconsciousness and severe <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/growing+shrooms+from+cow+manure.asp" title="Shrooms Growing Manure Shrooms Manure" alt="Shrooms Growing Manure Shrooms Manure" >Shrooms Growing Manure Shrooms Manure</a> somatic &#115&#105&#100&#101 &#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#105&#115 &#104&#121&#112&#111&#116&#104&#101&#115&#105&#115 &#105&#115 corroborated by &#100&#97&#116&#97 &#102&#114&#111&#109&#13&#10&#99&#111&#109&#112&#114&#101&#104&#101&#110&#115&#105&#118&#101 &#102&#105&#101&#108&#100 &#115&#116&#117&#100&#105&#101&#115 conducted in Mexico.<br> I believe that historic accounts including those described below - indicate a &#107&#110&#111&#119&#108&#101&#100&#103&#101 &#111&#102 </p> In addition, many early users of "magic mushrooms" in Australia may have first become aware of their mind-altering and visionary effects by reading the published literature or the many news items appearing in the popular Australian press during the late l960's and early l970's. These news items often described both accidental and deliberate intoxication's which resulted from the ingestion of several varieties of "magic mushrooms". For example, in 1972, one local newspaper report provided an account regarding the use of these mushrooms by young teenagers at a local high school in Brisbane: "...children at a suburban school are getting high on mushrooms called 'Gold Tops.' The mushrooms are common along the Brisbane River near Toowing High School, and children in search of `kicks' have been experimenting with them (Unsigned, 1972)." It would be very obvious to anyone who read this above mentioned news item, when it appeared in print, that those searching for hallucinogenic mushrooms would be able to find them if they so desired. There is yet another factor that may have played a significant role in promoting interest in the use of psychoactive mushrooms in Australia and NZ. Some drug users or mycophillic individuals may have read or heard of R. Gordon Wasson's personal account of his adventurous rediscovery of an hallucinogenic mushroom cult among the Mazatec Indians of Southern Mexico. Dr. Wasson reported the ceremonial use of certain mushrooms as divinatory substances among the Mazatecs and other native peoples in Oaxaca, Mexico (see Wasson, 1957). This journalistic report of Wasson's research expedition appeared in an international edition of Life Magazine in the late l950's, providing many drug users and others with the incentive to seek out, find, and eventually experiment with these mushrooms. Most users of the psychoactive visionary mushrooms have very little knowledge of their scientific names. Instead, they have given their favorite species local epithets which are commonly used by those who collect and ingest them. Some of these popular names are also known and applied by users outside of Australia and NZ. "Magic Mushrooms" is the most common term applied to any mushroom which contains psilocybine and/or psilocine. It was invented by a Life Magazine editor in l957 ( see Wasson, l957). Psilocybe cubensis is known in Australia as "golden tops", "gold tops" or sometimes "gold caps." The Australian epithets may have been given to this species by members of a local, drugusing group of surfers which frequented the Gold Coast region of Eastern Australia; however, some of these names have apparently been used to describe several different species of Psilocybe by users in Australia (see Allen, 1997). As mentioned above, Psilocybe cubensis is not known to occur in New Zealand. Those who ingest Copelandia cyanescens, known in Australia and New Zealand as "blue meanies", also refer to this species as "Blue Legs", "golden tops" or "gold caps". The latter two nicknames, as well as "dimple tops" and "cone heads", are common terms applied to Copelandia cyanescens in the Hawaiian Islands; and some of these same popular names have also been used by visiting surfers from both New Zealand and Australia, to describe the macroscopic characteristics of Copelandia cyanescens. These same surfers visiting Hawaii's North Shore have reportedly ingested mushrooms prior to surfing, as do many of the locally based surfers in Australia and NZ. <p align="left"> xican mushroom species, so that these materials need not be repeated in this context. However, &#99&#101&#114&#116&#97&#105&#110 &#97&#115&#112&#101&#99&#116&#115 &#99&#111&#110&#99&#101&#114&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#109&#111&#114&#101 &#114&#101&#99&#101&#110&#116 uses of these mushrooms as well as their &#99&#111&#110&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#102 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#116&#104 &#119&#105&#108&#108 receive more detailed attention in later chapters.<br> The main purpose of this book is to inspire further study of &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#44&#13&#10&#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#98&#97&#115&#105&#99 &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104 efforts and medical applications of magic mushroom ingredients. The extensive bibliography will help scientists and other interested mycophiles to further immerse themselves in this complex &#97&#114&#101&#97&#13&#10&#111&#102 &#115&#116&#117&#100&#121&#46&#13&#10&#74&#111&#99&#104&#101&#110 &#71&#97&#114&#116&#122&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#54 &#45 Bronze doors with mushroom &#109&#111&#116&#105&#102 &#101&#110&#116&#105&#116&#108&#101&#100 &#34&#84&#114&#105&#97&#108 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#74&#117&#100&#103&#109&#101&#110&#116&#34 at &#72&#105&#108&#100&#101&#115&#104&#101&#105&#109 &#67&#97&#116&#104&#101&#100&#114&#97&#108&#44 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121 &#40&#99&#97&#46 1020). CHAPTER 2 REFLECTIONS ON THE &#72&#73&#83&#84&#79&#82&#89&#13&#10&#65&#78&#68 &#83&#67&#73&#69&#78&#84&#73&#70&#73&#67 &#83&#84&#85&#68&#89 &#79&#70 MAGIC MUSHROOMS It &#105&#115 &#114&#101&#109&#97&#114&#107&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#110&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101 to the American continent &#107&#110&#101&#119 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#97 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#108&#121 large number of natural mind-altering substances compared to early cultures that evolved in &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#13&#10&#111&#114 &#65&#115&#105&#97&#46 &#66&#111&#116&#97&#110&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#99&#101 does not support &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#110&#111&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101 &#105&#115 home to fewer hallucinogenic plants &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#114&#101&#103&#105&#111&#110&#115&#46 &#70&#117&#114&#116&#104&#101&#114&#109&#111&#114&#101&#44 the growing &#110&#117&#109&#98&#101&#114 &#111&#102 &#114&#101&#99&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121 &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#101&#100 European mushroom species containing psilocybin indicate &#97&#13&#10&#102&#108&#111&#117&#114&#105&#115&#104&#105&#110&#103 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#102&#108&#111&#114&#97 &#105&#110 Europe similar to those &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#105&#110 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#114&#105&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#73&#116 is unlikely &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115&#13&#10&#108&#101&#97&#114&#110&#101&#100 less about local plants and mushrooms through usage and experience than cultures elsewhere &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#111&#114&#108&#100&#46 &#77&#111&#115&#116 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121&#44 early &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108&#13&#10&#107&#110&#111&#119&#108&#101&#100&#103&#101 &#111&#102 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#112&#108&#97&#110&#116&#115 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/picturesofgoldtopmushrooms.asp" title="Picturesofgoldtopmushrooms" alt="Picturesofgoldtopmushrooms" >Picturesofgoldtopmushrooms</a> and mushrooms &#119&#97&#115 &#108&#111&#115&#116 &#111&#114 &#100&#101&#115&#116&#114&#111&#121&#101&#100 at some time in history, probably as early &#97&#115 &#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#104&#117&#110&#100&#114&#101&#100 &#121&#101&#97&#114&#115&#13&#10&#97&#103&#111&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 discovery that the fly agaric mushroom (Amanita &#109&#117&#115&#99&#97&#114&#105&#97&#41 &#119&#97&#115 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#102&#111&#114 its psychoactive properties in &#83&#105&#98&#101&#114&#105&#97 &#105&#110&#118&#105&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#99&#108&#117&#115&#105&#111&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#116 this mushroom was &#117&#115&#101&#100 &#97&#115 &#97&#13&#10&#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 &#97&#103&#101&#110&#116 in medieval Europe as well. In fact, there is &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#108&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#102&#114&#111&#109 the &#77&#105&#100&#100&#108&#101&#13&#10&#65&#103&#101&#115 &#116&#111 &#105&#110&#100&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#108&#101&#100&#103&#101 of the effects of specific mushrooms on human consciousness. However, I believe that past reports on psychoactive mushrooms &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#99&#97&#117&#115&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#108&#105&#110&#107&#101&#100&#13&#10&#116&#111 &#65&#109&#97&#110&#105&#116&#97 muscaria simply &#98&#101&#99&#97&#117&#115&#101 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#119&#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#111&#110&#108&#121 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 psychotropic &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#105&#110 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101 &#97&#116&#13&#10&#116&#104&#97&#116 time.<br> While the &#117&#115&#97&#103&#101 &#111&#102 &#65&#109&#97&#110&#105&#116&#97 &#109&#117&#115&#99&#97&#114&#105&#97&#13&#10&#97&#109&#111&#110&#103 Siberian tribes has &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#116&#97&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#44 European &#97&#99&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#102&#108&#121 &#97&#103&#97&#114&#105&#99 &#105&#110&#116&#111&#120&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 do &#110&#111&#116 &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#105&#110&#99&#108&#117&#100&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#112&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#102 such intensely &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#97&#116&#111&#114&#121&#13&#10&#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115&#46&#13&#10&#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103&#108&#121&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#111&#116&#101&#110&#116 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99&#13&#10&#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115 of specific Psilocybes and related species are likely to have had &#97 &#109&#117&#99&#104 &#109&#111&#114&#101 &#115&#105&#103&#110&#105&#102&#105&#99&#97&#110&#116&#13&#10&#105&#110&#102&#108&#117&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#111&#110 early European cultures than the delirium-like &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#105&#110&#100&#117&#99&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#65&#109&#97&#110&#105&#116&#97&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#99&#97&#114&#105&#97&#44 a species that is also known to induce unconsciousness &#97&#110&#100 &#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#101 &#115&#111&#109&#97&#116&#105&#99 &#115&#105&#100&#101 effects. This hypothesis is corroborated by &#100&#97&#116&#97 &#102&#114&#111&#109&#13&#10&#99&#111&#109&#112&#114&#101&#104&#101&#110&#115&#105&#118&#101 &#102&#105&#101&#108&#100 &#115&#116&#117&#100&#105&#101&#115 conducted in Mexico.<br> I believe that historic &#97&#99&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#115 &#105&#110&#99&#108&#117&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101&#100 &#98&#101&#108&#111&#119 - indicate a knowledge of </p> </p> </div> <div id="footer"> <div class="left"> <a href="/ Chat.html" class="doNotPrint"> magic mushroom indentifiion nz</a><br /> <a href="/ Psilocybe Tampanensis.html" class="doNotPrint"> Gallery</a> </div> <br class="doNotDisplay doNotPrint" /> <div class="right"> copyright © 2006 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/identifying+magic+mushrooms/" title="Identifying Magic Mushrooms" alt="Identifying Magic Mushrooms" >Identifying Magic Mushrooms</a><br /> design by <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/inocybe+aerugin.asp" title="Inocybe Psilocybe Tampanensis Inocybe" alt="Inocybe Psilocybe Tampanensis Inocybe" >Inocybe Psilocybe Tampanensis Inocybe</a> </div></div> </body>