Dipropyltryptamine poland :: mushroomstore.biz

<body> <div id="header"> <div class="superHeader"> <div class="left"> <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/britain+contact+table+for+myspace.asp" title="Britain Myspace Myspace Table Myspace" alt="Britain Myspace Myspace Table Myspace" >Britain Myspace Myspace Table Myspace</a> - <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/wild+shrooms.asp" title="Wild Shrooms" alt="Wild Shrooms" >Wild Shrooms</a> </div> <div class="right"> <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/Gymnopilus+purpuratus.asp" title="Purpuratus Gymnopilus" alt="Purpuratus Gymnopilus" >Purpuratus Gymnopilus</a> - <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/Gymnopiluspurpuratus.asp" title="Gymnopiluspurpuratus" alt="Gymnopiluspurpuratus" >Gymnopiluspurpuratus</a> - <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/usingcowdungforshrooms.asp" title="Usingcowdungforshrooms" alt="Usingcowdungforshrooms" >Usingcowdungforshrooms</a> - <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/themagicboxinnervisionsshrooms.asp" title="Themagicboxinnervisionsshrooms" alt="Themagicboxinnervisionsshrooms" >Themagicboxinnervisionsshrooms</a> - <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/psilocybecyanescensbuyonline.asp" title="Psilocybecyanescensbuyonline" alt="Psilocybecyanescensbuyonline" >Psilocybecyanescensbuyonline</a> </div> </div> <div class="midHeader"> <h1 class="headerTitle"> Dipropyltryptamine poland</h1> </div> <div class="subHeader"> <a href="/">Home</a> - <a href="/ psilocybin grow kits.html"> guide</a> - <a href="/ About.html"> Archives</a> - <a href="/ alternative to magic mushroom.html"> Wild Shrooms</a> - <a href="/ magic magic mushroom.html"> shrooms site myspace.com</a> </div> </div> <div id="side-bar"> <div> <p class="sideBarTitle"> Psilocybe Semilanceata</p> <ul> <li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/street+name+for+magic+mushroom.asp" title="Street Name For Magic Mushroom" alt="Street Name For Magic Mushroom" >Street Name For Magic Mushroom</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/libertycapmushroomsuk.asp" title="Libertycapmushroomsuk" alt="Libertycapmushroomsuk" >Libertycapmushroomsuk</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/shrooms+drawing+of+death+trees/" title="Shrooms Drawing Of Death Trees" alt="Shrooms Drawing Of Death Trees" >Shrooms Drawing Of Death Trees</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/Laughing+Jims/" title="Laughing Jims" alt="Laughing Jims" >Laughing Jims</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/usingcowdungforshrooms.asp" title="Usingcowdungforshrooms" alt="Usingcowdungforshrooms" >Usingcowdungforshrooms</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magic+mushroom+prague.asp" title="Magic Mushroom Prague" alt="Magic Mushroom Prague" >Magic Mushroom Prague</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/how+to+growing+magic+mushrooms+at+home/" title="How To Growing Magic Mushrooms At Home" alt="How To Growing Magic Mushrooms At Home" >How To Growing Magic Mushrooms At Home</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/psilocybinmushroomsgrowingkitsoldtocanada.asp" title="Psilocybinmushroomsgrowingkitsoldtocanada" alt="Psilocybinmushroomsgrowingkitsoldtocanada" >Psilocybinmushroomsgrowingkitsoldtocanada</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/cowmanuremushrooms.asp" title="Cowmanuremushrooms" alt="Cowmanuremushrooms" >Cowmanuremushrooms</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/psilocybin+cultivation+cow+manure.asp" title="Psilocybin Cultivation Cow Manure" alt="Psilocybin Cultivation Cow Manure" >Psilocybin Cultivation Cow Manure</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/australiamagicmushroomgrowkit.asp" title="Australiamagicmushroomgrowkit" alt="Australiamagicmushroomgrowkit" >Australiamagicmushroomgrowkit</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magicmushroomsforsale.asp" title="Magicmushroomsforsale" alt="Magicmushroomsforsale" >Magicmushroomsforsale</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magic+mushroom+grow+kit.asp" title="Magic Mushroom Grow Kit" alt="Magic Mushroom Grow Kit" >Magic Mushroom Grow Kit</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/1960s+magic+mushroom.asp" title="1960S Magic Mushroom" alt="1960S Magic Mushroom" >1960S Magic Mushroom</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magic+mushroom+picking+wales.asp" title="Magic Mushroom Picking Wales" alt="Magic Mushroom Picking Wales" >Magic Mushroom Picking Wales</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/smoking+shrooms.asp" title="Shrooms Smoking" alt="Shrooms Smoking" >Shrooms Smoking</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magicmushroomscultivationcowmanure.asp" title="Magicmushroomscultivationcowmanure" alt="Magicmushroomscultivationcowmanure" >Magicmushroomscultivationcowmanure</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/doshroomsgrowincowshitfertilizer.asp" title="Doshroomsgrowincowshitfertilizer" alt="Doshroomsgrowincowshitfertilizer" >Doshroomsgrowincowshitfertilizer</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/liberty+cap+mushrooms+uk.asp" title="Liberty Cap Mushrooms Uk" alt="Liberty Cap Mushrooms Uk" >Liberty Cap Mushrooms Uk</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/findingand+picking+shrooms+in+australia.asp" title="Australia Shrooms Australia In Picking" alt="Australia Shrooms Australia In Picking" >Australia Shrooms Australia In Picking</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/fp.asp" title="Fp" alt="Fp" >Fp</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/mushrocks+Illegal+in+Australia.asp" title="Australia Guide Australia Guide Australia Guide Illegal" alt="Australia Guide Australia Guide Australia Guide Illegal" >Australia Guide Australia Guide Australia Guide Illegal</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/psilocybe+subaeruginosa.asp" title="Psilocybe Subaeruginosa" alt="Psilocybe Subaeruginosa" >Psilocybe Subaeruginosa</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/prevent+mushrooms+on+cattle+dung.asp" title="On Mushrooms Cattle On Prevent" alt="On Mushrooms Cattle On Prevent" >On Mushrooms Cattle On Prevent</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/danger+of+shrooms.asp" title="Danger Of Shrooms" alt="Danger Of Shrooms" >Danger Of Shrooms</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/nz+mushrooms+photos.asp" title="Nz mushroom shrooms Nz mushroom shrooms Nz" alt="Nz mushroom shrooms Nz mushroom shrooms Nz" >Nz mushroom shrooms Nz mushroom shrooms Nz</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/wild+shrooms.asp" title="Wild Shrooms" alt="Wild Shrooms" >Wild Shrooms</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/Psilocybeaustraliana.asp" title="Psilocybeaustraliana" alt="Psilocybeaustraliana" >Psilocybeaustraliana</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/psilocybe+baeocystis/" title="Psilocybe Baeocystis" alt="Psilocybe Baeocystis" >Psilocybe Baeocystis</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magic+mushroom+cow+shit+method.asp" title="Magic Mushroom Cow Shit Method" alt="Magic Mushroom Cow Shit Method" >Magic Mushroom Cow Shit Method</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/shrooms+scotland+grow+kit/" title="Shrooms Scotland Grow Kit" alt="Shrooms Scotland Grow Kit" >Shrooms Scotland Grow Kit</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/Dipropyltryptaminepoland.asp" title="Dipropyltryptaminepoland" alt="Dipropyltryptaminepoland" >Dipropyltryptaminepoland</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magicmushroompsychedelicpicturesnz.asp" title="Magicmushroompsychedelicpicturesnz" alt="Magicmushroompsychedelicpicturesnz" >Magicmushroompsychedelicpicturesnz</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/cultivating+magic+mushroom.asp" title="Magic psilocybe tampanensis Magic psilocybe tampanensis Magic" alt="Magic psilocybe tampanensis Magic psilocybe tampanensis Magic" >Magic psilocybe tampanensis Magic psilocybe tampanensis Magic</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/buy+magic+mushrooms.asp" title="Buy Magic Mushrooms" alt="Buy Magic Mushrooms" >Buy Magic Mushrooms</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/psilocybecyanescensbuyonline.asp" title="Psilocybecyanescensbuyonline" alt="Psilocybecyanescensbuyonline" >Psilocybecyanescensbuyonline</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/shrooms+scientific+name.asp" title="Shrooms Scientific Name" alt="Shrooms Scientific Name" >Shrooms Scientific Name</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/copelandiacyanescensQueensland.asp" title="Copelandiacyanescensqueensland" alt="Copelandiacyanescensqueensland" >Copelandiacyanescensqueensland</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/identifying+magic+mushrooms/" title="Identifying Magic Mushrooms" alt="Identifying Magic Mushrooms" >Identifying Magic Mushrooms</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/mushroons+in+cow+compost.asp" title="In Mushroons Cow Cow" alt="In Mushroons Cow Cow" >In Mushroons Cow Cow</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/sitemap.aspx">Sitemap</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/sitemap.xml">Sitemap XML</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/rss/">RSS</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/mobile.aspx">Mobile version</a></li></li> </ul> </div> <div> <p class="sideBarTitle">Options</p> <ul> <li></li> </ul> </div> <div> <p class="sideBarTitle">Validation</p> <span class="sideBarText"> Validate the <a href="http://validator.w3.org/check/referer">XHTML</a> and <a href="http://jigsaw.w3.org/css-validator/check/referer">CSS</a> of this page. </span> </div> </div> <div id="main-copy"> <h1 id="introduction"> panaeolus subbalteatus spore print</h1> <p><a href="/howtogrowmagicmush.asp"><img border="4" src="/images/Do-Shrooms-Show-On-A-Drug-Test-Things-To-Do-While-" alt=" Howtogrowmagicmush"></a> <div align="right"> JOCHEN GARTZ MAGIC MUSHROOMS Around the World A Scientific Journey Across Cultures and Time The Case for Challenging Research and Value Systems * LIS PUBLICATIONS &#42 &#76&#79&#83 &#65&#78&#71&#69&#76&#69&#83&#44 &#67&#65&#42&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 1 - Water Color &#80&#97&#105&#110&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#13&#10&#40&#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#44 &#49&#57&#50&#55&#41&#13&#10&#84&#65&#66&#76&#69 &#79&#70 CONTENT (With Active Links' Just Click On A Subject To Go &#84&#111 &#84&#104&#101 &#80&#97&#103&#101&#41&#13&#10&#34&#87&#104&#111 &#87&#97&#115 the First Magician?" &#45 &#70&#111&#114&#101&#119&#111&#114&#100 &#98&#121 &#67&#104&#114&#105&#115&#116&#105&#97&#110 Ratsch 7 1. Introduction &#57&#13&#10&#50&#46 &#82&#101&#102&#108&#101&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#110 &#116&#104&#101 History and Scientific Study of <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magic+mushroom+grow+box.asp" title="Magic Mushroom Grow Box" alt="Magic Mushroom Grow Box" >Magic Mushroom Grow Box</a> Magic Mushrooms 10 3.<br> The Current State of &#75&#110&#111&#119&#108&#101&#100&#103&#101 &#65&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 &#83&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 14 3.1 Psilocybe semilanceata: The Classic Species Among European Psychotropic Mushrooms &#49&#54&#13&#10&#51&#46&#50 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115&#58 &#80&#111&#116&#101&#110&#116 Mushrooms &#71&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#110 &#87&#111&#111&#100 &#68&#101&#98&#114&#105&#115 &#50&#57&#13&#10&#51&#46&#51 Panaeolus subbalteatus: Mycology and &#77&#121&#116&#104&#115 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 Species 37 3.<br>4 Inocybe aeruginascens: Fast-Spreading New Arrivals 44 3.5 Gymnopilus &#112&#117&#114&#112&#117&#114&#97&#116&#117&#115&#58 &#77&#97&#103&#110&#105&#102&#105&#99&#101&#110&#116 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 South &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97 &#53&#49&#13&#10&#51&#46&#54 &#67&#111&#110&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#111&#112&#117&#115&#58 Tiny <b>print spore panaeolus panaeolus</b> Mushrooms of Remarkable Potency &#53&#53&#13&#10&#51&#46&#55 &#80&#108&#117&#116&#101&#117&#115 &#115&#97&#108&#105&#99&#105&#110&#117&#115&#58 &#65 Little-known &#87&#111&#111&#100&#45&#73&#110&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#83&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#53&#56&#13&#10&#52&#46 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 Identification: Taxonomic Confusion and the Potential for Deadly Mistakes 61 5. The Bluing Phenomenon and Metol Testing: Reality vs. Wishful Thinking 63 6. Mushroom Cultivation: Classic Findings and &#78&#101&#119 &#84&#101&#99&#104&#110&#105&#113&#117&#101&#115 &#54&#54&#13&#10&#55&#46 &#80&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 Mushroom Species Around &#116&#104&#101 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100 &#55&#55&#13&#10&#55&#46&#49 &#83&#112&#111&#116&#108&#105&#103&#104&#116 on &#78&#111&#114&#116&#104 &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#72&#97&#119&#97&#105&#105 &#55&#57&#13&#10&#55&#46&#50 Mycophilia in &#67&#101&#110&#116&#114&#97&#108 &#97&#110&#100 &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104 &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97 82 7.3 Australia's Mycoflora Attracts Attention 84 7.4 European Customs and Conventions 87 7.5 Japanese Experimentation 93 7.6 &#73&#110&#116&#111&#120&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#79&#108&#100&#101&#115&#116 Known Mushroom Cult in Africa 95 7.7 Usage in Southeast Asia and the South Pacific Islands 98 8. Some &#67&#111&#109&#109&#101&#110&#116&#115 &#111&#110 &#69&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115 &#111&#102 Mushrooms from &#116&#104&#101 &#67&#97&#116&#101&#103&#111&#114&#121 &#80&#104&#97&#110&#116&#97&#115&#116&#105&#107&#97 &#49&#48&#50&#13&#10&#57&#46 &#80&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#97&#112&#121 108 10. Outlook &#49&#49&#52&#13&#10&#49&#49&#46 &#66&#105&#98&#108&#105&#111&#103&#114&#97&#112&#104&#121 &#49&#50&#48&#13&#10&#73&#110&#100&#101&#120 &#49&#50&#57&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 2 - Psilocybe cubensis from Australia Figure 3 - &#87&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114 &#112&#97&#105&#110&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#102 Panaeolus subbalteatus (Germany, 1927).<br> Figure 4 &#45 &#70&#114&#101&#115&#104 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 &#115&#117&#98&#98&#97&#108&#116&#101&#97&#116&#117&#115 mushrooms. FOREWORD Nobody knows precisely when &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#101&#109&#101&#114&#103&#101&#100 from the shadows of prehistory to enter the light &#111&#102 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#46&#13&#10&#78&#111&#98&#111&#100&#121 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#115 &#119&#104&#101&#110 the first magic &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#13&#10&#119&#97&#115 &#101&#97&#116&#101&#110 &#98&#121 &#97 human being. Nobody knows just who &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 eater was. In seeking answers to these questions, we can only speculate.<br> &#77&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#111&#98&#101&#115&#44 &#104&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 &#97&#114&#101 &#113&#117&#105&#99&#107 to voice their conviction that only &#97 &#102&#111&#111&#108 &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#98&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#99&#107&#108&#101&#115&#115 &#101&#110&#111&#117&#103&#104 to &#119&#97&#110&#116 &#116&#111 &#97&#116&#116&#97&#105&#110 &#97 higher state of consciousness beyond the &#98&#111&#117&#110&#100&#97&#114&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#101&#118&#101&#114&#121&#100&#97&#121 &#114&#101&#97&#108&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#65&#110&#100 &#111&#110&#108&#121 a fool would attempt to do this by ingesting those odd little things that mysteriously thrive on decaying, humid soil, rotten wood and malodorous &#109&#111&#117&#110&#100&#115 &#111&#102 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/mushroons+in+cow+compost.asp" title="Mushroons In Cow Compost" alt="Mushroons In Cow Compost" >Mushroons In Cow Compost</a> &#99&#111&#119&#13&#10&#109&#97&#110&#117&#114&#101&#46&#13&#10&#72&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#105&#99&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#44 mushrooms have been feared &#97&#110&#100 &#104&#97&#116&#101&#100&#96 &#115&#105&#110&#99&#101 &#97&#110&#116&#105&#113&#117&#105&#116&#121&#58 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 were thought to be made &#102&#114&#111&#109&#13&#10&#112&#111&#105&#115&#111&#110&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#104&#97&#100 &#100&#114&#105&#112&#112&#101&#100 from serpents' fangs; they were considered to be unclean emissions of evil spirits; moreover, mushrooms were a kn </div> <p align="center"> CATTLE AS A POSSIBLE DISPERSAL MECHANISM FOR PSYCHOACTIVE DUNG &#70&#85&#78&#71&#73&#13&#10&#79&#110&#101 &#109&#97&#121 &#97&#115&#107 &#116&#104&#101 question, "how did these mushrooms arrive in &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#101&#119 &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100&#63&#34 &#87&#101&#108&#108 some species may be endemic,that is, they were &#97&#108&#114&#101&#97&#100&#121 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108&#108&#121&#46 &#79&#116&#104&#101&#114 species &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#97&#98&#111&#118&#101 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101&#100 dung-inhabiting mushrooms most likelyappeared after the introduction of cattle on the subcontinent.The first livestock to arrive &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#116 from the Cape &#111&#102 &#71&#111&#111&#100 &#72&#111&#112&#101 &#105&#110&#49&#55&#56&#56&#44 &#97&#110&#100 included 2 bulls and &#53 &#99&#111&#119&#115&#44 &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#119&#105&#116&#104 other domesticated farm animals. Byl803, the government owned approximately 1800 cattle, most of which were importedfrom the &#67&#97&#112&#101&#44 &#67&#97&#108&#99&#117&#116&#116&#97&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 west coast of America. It was during &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#112&#101&#114&#105&#111&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#115&#111&#109&#101 &#111&#102 the &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#97&#114&#121 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#109&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110&#101&#100 &#105&#110 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/psilocybe+cubensis.asp" title="Psilocybe Cubensis" alt="Psilocybe Cubensis" >Psilocybe Cubensis</a> this field guide probably first appeared &#105&#110&#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#40&#85&#110&#115&#105&#103&#110&#101&#100&#44 &#49&#57&#55&#51&#41&#46 &#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 to Australian &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116 &#74&#111&#104&#110 &#66&#117&#114&#116&#111&#110 &#67&#108&#101&#108&#97&#110&#100&#40&#49&#57&#51&#52&#41&#44 "fungi growing in cow or &#104&#111&#114&#115&#101&#45&#100&#117&#110&#103 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#116&#111 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/libertycapmushroomsuk.asp" title="Libertycapmushroomsuk" alt="Libertycapmushroomsuk" >Libertycapmushroomsuk</a> such habitats, must in thecase of Australia, &#97&#108&#108 &#98&#101&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#105&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#101&#100 species". It is &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 the SouthAfrican &#100&#117&#110&#103 &#98&#101&#101&#116&#108&#101 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#109&#97&#121 have actually spread the spores. According to &#69&#110&#103&#108&#105&#115&#104&#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116 &#82&#111&#121 &#87&#97&#116&#108&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#102 the Royal Botanic Gardens in Glasgow, Scotland, &#34&#105&#116 &#109&#117&#115&#116 &#98&#101&#114&#101&#109&#101&#109&#98&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 fungi &#99&#97&#110 &#99&#104&#97&#110&#103&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#114&#97&#116&#101 &#112&#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115 and there are coprophilousfungi on kangaroo droppings etc." Some &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#119&#104&#111 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#115&#116&#117&#100&#105&#101&#100 the "magicmushrooms" in &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#90 &#99&#108&#97&#105&#109 that the "use of P. cubensis as a recreational drugtends to confirm the belief that some] farmers in early times &#91&#109&#97&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101&#93 &#97&#100&#100&#101&#100 &#111&#110&#101 &#111&#114 &#116&#119&#111 &#98&#97&#115&#105&#100&#105&#111&#109&#101&#115 gilled mushrooms] to &#97 &#109&#101&#97&#108&#116&#111 &#108&#105&#118&#101&#110 &#105&#116 up and still do] Margot & Watling, 1981)." CATTLE AS A POSSIBLE DISPERSAL MECHANISM FOR PSYCHOACTIVE DUNG FUNGI One may ask the question, "how did these mushrooms arrive in &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#101&#119 &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100&#63&#34 Well some &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#109&#97&#121 &#98&#101 &#101&#110&#100&#101&#109&#105&#99&#44&#116&#104&#97&#116 is, they were already there naturally. Other species such as the above described dung-inhabiting mushrooms most likelyappeared &#97&#102&#116&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#101 &#105&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 cattle on &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116&#46&#84&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#108&#105&#118&#101&#115&#116&#111&#99&#107 to arrive in Australia were brought from the &#67&#97&#112&#101 &#111&#102 &#71&#111&#111&#100 &#72&#111&#112&#101 in1788, and included &#50 &#98&#117&#108&#108&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#53 cows, along with other domesticated farm animals. Byl803, the &#103&#111&#118&#101&#114&#110&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#111&#119&#110&#101&#100 &#97&#112&#112&#114&#111&#120&#105&#109&#97&#116&#101&#108&#121 &#49&#56&#48&#48 &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101&#44 most of which were importedfrom &#116&#104&#101 &#67&#97&#112&#101&#44 &#67&#97&#108&#99&#117&#116&#116&#97&#44 &#97&#110&#100 the &#119&#101&#115&#116 &#99&#111&#97&#115&#116 &#111&#102 &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97&#46 It was during this period thatsome of the visionary mushrooms mentioned in this field guide probably first appeared inAustralia &#40&#85&#110&#115&#105&#103&#110&#101&#100&#44 &#49&#57&#55&#51&#41&#46 &#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 Australian mycologist John Burton &#67&#108&#101&#108&#97&#110&#100&#40&#49&#57&#51&#52&#41&#44 &#34&#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#110 cow or horse-dung and confined to such habitats, &#109&#117&#115&#116 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#99&#97&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#44 all belong to introduced species". It is believed to have been the SouthAfrican dung beetle which may have actually &#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115&#46 &#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 to Englishmycologist Roy &#87&#97&#116&#108&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#82&#111&#121&#97&#108 Botanic Gardens in Glasgow, Scotland, "it must beremembered that fungi &#99&#97&#110 &#99&#104&#97&#110&#103&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#114&#97&#116&#101 &#112&#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115 and there are &#99&#111&#112&#114&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#111&#117&#115&#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 &#111&#110 &#107&#97&#110&#103&#97&#114&#111&#111 &#100&#114&#111&#112&#112&#105&#110&#103&#115 etc." Some mycologists who have studied &#116&#104&#101 &#34&#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#34 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 and &#78&#90 &#99&#108&#97&#105&#109 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 "use of P. cubensis as &#97 &#114&#101&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#100&#114&#117&#103&#116&#101&#110&#100&#115 &#116&#111 confirm &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#102 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#115&#111&#109&#101&#93 farmers &#105&#110 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 &#109&#97&#121 have] &#97&#100&#100&#101&#100 &#111&#110&#101 &#111&#114 &#116&#119&#111 basidiomes gilled mushrooms] to a mealto liven it up and still do] Margot & Watling, &#49&#57&#56&#49&#41&#46&#34&#13&#10&#13&#10&#67&#65&#84&#84&#76&#69 &#65&#83 &#65 &#80&#79&#83&#83&#73&#66&#76&#69 DISPERSAL MECHANISM &#70&#79&#82 &#80&#83&#89&#67&#72&#79&#65&#67&#84&#73&#86&#69 &#68&#85&#78&#71 &#70&#85&#78&#71&#73&#13&#10&#79&#110&#101 may ask the question, "how &#100&#105&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#114&#105&#118&#101 in &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#101&#119 &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100&#63&#34 Well &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#109&#97&#121 &#98&#101 endemic,that is, they were already there &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108&#108&#121&#46 &#79&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#115&#117&#99&#104 as the above &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101&#100 &#100&#117&#110&#103&#45&#105&#110&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#109&#111&#115&#116 likelyappeared after the introduction of &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#111&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116&#46&#84&#104&#101 first livestock to arrive in Australia were brought &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#67&#97&#112&#101 &#111&#102 Good &#72&#111&#112&#101 &#105&#110&#49&#55&#56&#56&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#105&#110&#99&#108&#117&#100&#101&#100 &#50 bulls &#97&#110&#100 &#53 &#99&#111&#119&#115&#44 &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 with &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#100&#111&#109&#101&#115&#116&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#102&#97&#114&#109 &#97&#110&#105&#109&#97&#108&#115&#46 Byl803, &#116&#104&#101 &#103&#111&#118&#101&#114&#110&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#111&#119&#110&#101&#100 &#97&#112&#112&#114&#111&#120&#105&#109&#97&#116&#101&#108&#121 1800 cattle, most of &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#105&#109&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100&#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 Cape, Calcutta, and the west coast of America. It was &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#112&#101&#114&#105&#111&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#115&#111&#109&#101 of &#116&#104&#101 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#97&#114&#121 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#109&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110&#101&#100 in this &#102&#105&#101&#108&#100 &#103&#117&#105&#100&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#98&#97&#98&#108&#121 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 appeared inAustralia (Unsigned, 1973).<br> &#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116 &#74&#111&#104&#110 Burton Cleland(1934), &#34&#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#119 or horse-dung &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#97&#116&#115&#44 must &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#99&#97&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#44 &#97&#108&#108 belong to introduced &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#34&#46 &#73&#116 &#105&#115 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#101&#100 to have been the SouthAfrican dung beetle which may have &#97&#99&#116&#117&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115&#46 According to Englishmycologist Roy Watling of the &#82&#111&#121&#97&#108 &#66&#111&#116&#97&#110&#105&#99 &#71&#97&#114&#100&#101&#110&#115 &#105&#110 Glasgow, Scotland, "it &#109&#117&#115&#116 &#98&#101&#114&#101&#109&#101&#109&#98&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 &#99&#97&#110 change &#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#114&#97&#116&#101 &#112&#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 are coprophilousfungi &#111&#110 &#107&#97&#110&#103&#97&#114&#111&#111 &#100&#114&#111&#112&#112&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#101&#116&#99&#46&#34 Some mycologists who have studied the "magicmushrooms" in Australia and NZ claim that &#116&#104&#101 &#34&#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#80&#46 cubensis as a &#114&#101&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#100&#114&#117&#103&#116&#101&#110&#100&#115 &#116&#111 &#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#114&#109 the belief &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#91&#115&#111&#109&#101 &#102&#97&#114&#109&#101&#114&#115 &#105&#110 early times may have &#97&#100&#100&#101&#100 &#111&#110&#101 &#111&#114 &#116&#119&#111 &#98&#97&#115&#105&#100&#105&#111&#109&#101&#115 gilled &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#116&#111 &#97 &#109&#101&#97&#108&#116&#111 &#108&#105&#118&#101&#110 it up and still do Margot &#38&#97&#109&#112&#59 &#87&#97&#116&#108&#105&#110&#103&#44 &#49&#57&#56&#49&#41&#46&#34&#13&#10&#13&#10&#67&#65&#84&#84&#76&#69 &#65&#83 A POSSIBLE DISPERSAL MECHANISM FOR PSYCHOACTIVE DUNG &#70&#85&#78&#71&#73&#13&#10&#79&#110&#101 &#109&#97&#121 &#97&#115&#107 &#116&#104&#101 question, "how &#100&#105&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#114&#105&#118&#101 in Australia and New Zealand?" Well some species may be endemic,that is, they were already there naturally. Other species such &#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#97&#98&#111&#118&#101 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101&#100 dung-inhabiting mushrooms most likelyappeared after the introduction of cattle on the subcontinent.The first livestock &#116&#111 &#97&#114&#114&#105&#118&#101 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#119&#101&#114&#101 brought from the Cape of Good Hope in1788, and included 2 bulls and 5 cows, &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#100&#111&#109&#101&#115&#116&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101&#100 farm &#97&#110&#105&#109&#97&#108&#115&#46 &#66&#121&#108&#56&#48&#51&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#103&#111&#118&#101&#114&#110&#109&#101&#110&#116 owned approximately 1800 cattle, most of which were importedfrom the Cape, Calcutta, &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#101&#115&#116 &#99&#111&#97&#115&#116 &#111&#102 America. &#73&#116 &#119&#97&#115 &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#105&#115 period thatsome of &#116&#104&#101 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#97&#114&#121 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#109&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110&#101&#100 in this field &#103&#117&#105&#100&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#98&#97&#98&#108&#121 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 inAustralia (Unsigned, 1973). According to &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116 &#74&#111&#104&#110 &#66&#117&#114&#116&#111&#110 Cleland(1934), "fungi &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#119 &#111&#114 horse-dung and confined to &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#97&#116&#115&#44 &#109&#117&#115&#116 &#105&#110 thecase of Australia, &#97&#108&#108 &#98&#101&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#105&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#101&#100 species". It is believed to have been the SouthAfrican dung beetle which may have &#97&#99&#116&#117&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115&#46 According &#116&#111 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#105&#115&#104&#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116 &#82&#111&#121 &#87&#97&#116&#108&#105&#110&#103 of the Royal Botanic &#71&#97&#114&#100&#101&#110&#115 &#105&#110 &#71&#108&#97&#115&#103&#111&#119&#44 &#83&#99&#111&#116&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 "it &#109&#117&#115&#116 &#98&#101&#114&#101&#109&#101&#109&#98&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 can change &#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#114&#97&#116&#101 &#112&#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 are coprophilousfungi on &#107&#97&#110&#103&#97&#114&#111&#111 &#100&#114&#111&#112&#112&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#101&#116&#99&#46&#34 &#83&#111&#109&#101 mycologists who have studied &#116&#104&#101 &#34&#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#34 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 and NZ claim that the "use of P. cubensis as a recreational drugtends to confirm the belief that some &#102&#97&#114&#109&#101&#114&#115 &#105&#110 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 may have added &#111&#110&#101 &#111&#114 &#116&#119&#111 &#98&#97&#115&#105&#100&#105&#111&#109&#101&#115 gilled &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#116&#111 &#97 &#109&#101&#97&#108&#116&#111 liven &#105&#116 &#117&#112 &#97&#110&#100 &#115&#116&#105&#108&#108 do &#77&#97&#114&#103&#111&#116 &#38&#97&#109&#112&#59 &#87&#97&#116&#108&#105&#110&#103&#44 &#49&#57&#56&#49&#41&#46&#34&#13&#10 </p> was followed by a very vivid sensation of the soul in flight, coupled with feelings of euphoria.When looking out the window into the dark night of a forest landscape, visions of strange patterns and formations occurred, which were deeply impressive and seemed to impart an inkling of eternity. At the end of four hours, the effects had dissipated without dysphoria or any type of somatic side effect. A control experiment for comparison purposes was performed using 0.8 g of dried Psilocybe semilanceata. The onset of symptoms was much more sudden, including a heavy flow of tears, so that there was an initial phase of anxiety. Only in a later phase of the experience was it possible to perceive ornaments in the form of "underwater streamers", and to appreciate the aesthetically enhanced nature of these visions. The regular pattern of. involuntary intoxications is a good indicator for the large scope of expansion of Inocybe aeruginascens into new habitats during the 1980s. For example, at the time of the initial intoxications - when the species was still restricted to a few easily quantifiable collections - the mushrooms had spread from Potsdam to the location known in 1982, and from there moved on to several other locations in the vicinity, where more than 150 mushrooms were found (see Figure 34). Symbiosis With Trees Starting in late May 1984, fruiting bodies of the species could be found in abundance at countless new locations across the Brandenburg region of Germany. They tend to grow near the roots of different deciduous trees (Populus, Tilia, Quercus, Betula), on lawns in parks and gardens, at the edges of trails and in the paved margin areas of tree-lined sidewalks (where they may even grow on bare, sandy soil) as well as amongst the greenery of residential areas in the suburbs and communities in and around Berlin. Herein lies the most marked difference between Inocybe aeruginascens and other European psychotropic mushroom species: Inocybe aeruginascens grows only in areas of human development. Their prime locations are in the middle of villages and towns, where they grow locally much like other Inocybe species. They may temporarily produce mass quantities of fruiting bodies, in those locations that are typical habitats for the edible varieties of the fairy ring mushroom. So far, the most abundant crop of fruiting bodies was observed in 1987, due to very wet weather conditions, which allowed the mushrooms to thrive. The following years were comparatively dry and the species hardly fruited at all. It wasn't until 1990 that a few mushrooms re-emerged at the classic location in Potsdam. Despite 1989 having been a bad year for mushrooms, it was the year when Inocybe aeruginascens was found for the first time at four locations in and around Rostock, a city located on the Eastern German coast, which is famous for its wet climate. Finding the mushrooms at these locations is evidence for a mu <div align="justify"> n the U.S.) contribute to the therapeutic process; they may even be the &#115&#111&#108&#101 &#115&#111&#117&#114&#99&#101 &#102&#111&#114 &#102&#117&#116&#117&#114&#101 progress.<br> Under these conditions, stereo music also significantly deepened &#116&#104&#101 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#110&#115&#105&#116&#121 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#46 It appears that these kinds of &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#102&#105&#99&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#109&#97&#121 &#97&#108&#115&#111 &#97&#99&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116 for &#116&#104&#101 &#114&#101&#109&#97&#114&#107&#97&#98&#108&#101&#13&#10&#115&#117&#99&#99&#101&#115&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#110&#103 terminal patients with LSD to ease their fears &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#97&#99&#101 &#111&#102 death &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#111 &#114&#101&#100&#117&#99&#101&#13&#10&#101&#118&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#111&#115&#116 severe forms of &#112&#97&#105&#110&#46 &#73&#110 &#109&#97&#110&#121 &#115&#117&#99&#104&#13&#10&#99&#97&#115&#101&#115&#44 symptoms &#100&#105&#115&#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#101&#110&#116&#105&#114&#101&#108&#121&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#114&#101&#108&#105&#101&#102&#13&#10&#102&#114&#111&#109 pain and anxiety that continued &#101&#118&#101&#110 &#97&#102&#116&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#100&#114&#117&#103&#39&#115 &#97&#99&#117&#116&#101 effects had worn &#111&#102&#102&#46 &#65 &#98&#111&#111&#107 &#98&#121 &#83&#46&#13&#10&#71&#114&#111&#102 provides a &#99&#111&#109&#112&#97&#115&#115&#105&#111&#110&#97&#116&#101 &#97&#110&#97&#108&#121&#115&#105&#115 &#111&#102 &#115&#117&#99&#104&#13&#10&#115&#117&#99&#99&#101&#115&#115&#102&#117&#108 treatments, &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#115&#101&#114&#118&#101&#115 &#116&#111 &#117&#110&#100&#101&#114&#115&#99&#111&#114&#101&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 fact that systematic &#101&#102&#102&#111&#114&#116&#115 &#116&#111 &#105&#110&#118&#101&#115&#116&#105&#103&#97&#116&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101&#13&#10&#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114 therapeutic benefits have only just begun. So far, LSD has been the most &#119&#105&#100&#101&#108&#121&#13&#10&#115&#116&#117&#100&#105&#101&#100 &#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101 &#105&#110 &#116&#101&#114&#109&#115 of &#101&#97&#115&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#117&#102&#102&#101&#114&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#111&#102 &#116&#101&#114&#109&#105&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121 ill patients, &#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#97&#115 &#100&#105&#112&#114&#111&#112&#121&#108&#116&#114&#121&#112&#116&#97&#109&#105&#110&#101&#13&#10&#40&#68&#80&#84&#41&#44 a synthetic drug structurally similar to &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#105&#115 &#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 only &#119&#104&#101&#110&#13&#10&#97&#100&#109&#105&#110&#105&#115&#116&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#105&#110&#106&#101&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#66&#101&#108&#111&#119&#44 &#97 young woman from Switzerland gives a &#100&#101&#116&#97&#105&#108&#101&#100 &#97&#99&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116 &#111&#102 &#104&#101&#114 second mushroom experience. &#72&#101&#114 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#109&#101&#110&#116&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 Psilocybe cubensis, had already introduced her to the &#114&#101&#97&#108&#109&#13&#10&#111&#102 &#109&#121&#115&#116&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115&#46 &#70&#111&#114 &#104&#101&#114 second journey, she &#117&#115&#101&#100 &#50&#48 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 as part of a group ritual and achieved transcendence. A &#114&#101&#109&#97&#114&#107&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#102&#101&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101 &#111&#102 &#104&#101&#114&#13&#10&#97&#99&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116 is that the presence of an experienced guide was needed to realize the full potential of this visionary quest.<br> "1 sat down next to another participant, seeking to connect with &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#115 &#105&#110 &#112&#114&#101&#112&#97&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#102&#111&#114&#13&#10&#109&#121 &#106&#111&#117&#114&#110&#101&#121&#46 We proceeded to eat the fresh mushrooms. The room grew quiet and &#108&#111&#118&#101&#108&#121&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#105&#99 &#98&#101&#103&#97&#110 &#116&#111 &#112&#108&#97&#121&#46 The mushrooms's effects came on much faster than they did during my first experiment. Twice I tried to establish closer contact with my fellow &#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#105&#112&#97&#110&#116&#44 &#98&#117&#116 &#104&#101 &#119&#97&#115&#13&#10&#118&#101&#114&#121 nervous, and no source of reassurance for me. I was seeking my spiritual companion, but did not find &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#112&#101&#114&#115&#111&#110 &#97&#109&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 present group.<br> I became a figure in a long, white <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/nz+mushrooms+photos.asp" title="Nz Mushrooms Photos" alt="Nz Mushrooms Photos" >Nz Mushrooms Photos</a> robe, wandering aimlessly among the &#99&#111&#108&#117&#109&#110&#115 &#40&#71&#114&#101&#101&#99&#101&#63&#41&#44 &#115&#116&#105&#108&#108&#13&#10&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104&#105&#110&#103&#46&#13&#10&#77&#121 &#103&#97&#122&#101 lingered &#98&#114&#105&#101&#102&#108&#121 &#111&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#97&#108&#108 next to &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#111&#111&#114 &#97&#110&#100 &#73 saw faces and figures appear and &#118&#97&#110&#105&#115&#104&#44 &#98&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#100&#105&#100 not hold my interest.<br> &#73&#116&#13&#10&#119&#97&#115 &#104&#111&#112&#101&#108&#101&#115&#115&#46 &#73 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#117&#101&#100 my aimless &#114&#111&#97&#109&#105&#110&#103&#44&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 &#73 &#119&#97&#115 &#111&#110 the material plane, which I wanted to leave - had to leave. Suddenly, I found &#109&#121&#115&#101&#108&#102&#13&#10&#119&#105&#116&#104 &#111&#110&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 guides, &#119&#104&#111 &#119&#97&#110&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#104&#101&#108&#112 me. I stared off into the distance, longing to be &#102&#114&#101&#101 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#116&#101&#114&#105&#97&#108 &#112&#108&#97&#110&#101&#44 but unable &#116&#111 &#100&#111 &#115&#111&#46 &#70&#111&#114 a &#108&#111&#110&#103&#13&#10&#116&#105&#109&#101&#44 &#73 &#102&#97&#105&#108&#101&#100 &#116&#111 connect with &#116&#104&#101 &#103&#117&#105&#100&#101&#59 &#111&#117&#114 &#116&#119&#111&#13&#10&#119&#111&#114&#108&#100&#115 were just too different. Suddenly I sensed that &#104&#101 &#119&#97&#115&#110&#39&#116 &#97&#98&#108&#101 &#116&#111 &#108&#111&#111&#107 at me directly. The path by which to reach me runs through my eyes, because only they are truly alive. &#73 &#97&#115&#107&#101&#100&#13&#10&#104&#105&#109 &#116&#111 &#104&#101&#108&#112 me &#111&#110 &#109&#121 &#119&#97&#121 &#97&#110&#100 invited him to look into &#109&#121 &#101&#121&#101&#115&#46 &#73 &#102&#101&#108&#116 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/psilocybe+cyanescens+buy+online.asp" title="Psilocybe Cyanescens Buy Online" alt="Psilocybe Cyanescens Buy Online" >Psilocybe Cyanescens Buy Online</a> as &#105&#102 &#97&#108&#108 &#108&#105&#102&#101 &#101&#110&#101&#114&#103&#121 was draining &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#109&#121 &#98&#111 </div> More than half of Australia's beef cattle can be found in the coastal areas of Queensland , and who gorge themselves on our tax dollars. I met Jochen Gartz shortly after the fall of the Berlin Wall at the third symposium of the European College for the Study of Consciousness (ECSC) in Freiburg, Germany. Our encounter was my first contact with a researcher from the former East Germany. Jochen Gartz's enthusiastic lecture was a truly consciousnessexpanding event, his words breaking down traditional borders and crossing over into new territory. The magic mushrooms spoke through him - with no trace of dogma or ideology - in the tradition of true anarchy that is the hallmark of mushroom magic. What I heard was unbelievable. Jochen spoke of a "new" psychedelic mushroom and its migration. The mycelia had spread in concentric circles outward from Leipzig, jumping all political borders. Finally, when the mycelia reached West German soil, the hated Berlin Wall crumbled. Could there possibly be a connection between the evolution of the magic mushroom and the evolution of our consciousness? Could a mushroom have contributed to the resolution of our political conflicts? In the past, politicians, even popes, had their own jesters and magicians, who functioned as pressure release valves in the machinations of political power struggles. It is obvious that a country whose chancellor is being pelted with eggs, urgently needs a new breed of magician who are able to readjust reality. But today, no aspiring magician should go about this task without this book as a guide for the wondrous journey into the realm of magic mushrooms. Christian Rdtsch Figure 5 - "Anthropomorphic Beings Engaged in Mushroom Dance" 10,000-year-old rock drawing in Tassili, Sahara (Algeria) CHAPTER 1 I BELIEVE THE TIME HAS COME FOR A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF NEW FINDINGS FROM THE FIELDS OF MYCOLOGY, TAXONOMY AND NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY When R.G. Wasson, R. Heim and A. Hofmann began their interdisciplinary research program to study the Mexican species of mushrooms and their usage in Mexican mushroom cults, their efforts culminated in a 1958 landmark report that described the isolation, molecular structure and synthesis of the mushrooms' active ingredients: psilocybin and psilocin. Several years later, these substances were also identified in a species of mushroom in Europe, Psilocybe semilanceata, which became the first in a series of newly discovered species. Since then, psychoactive mushrooms from other genera have been reported with increasing frequency. As part of my analytical work dedicated to the identification of naturally occurring chemicals, I had the good fortune to be part of a research team that studied alkaloids found in a variety of mushroom species. Now I believe the time has come for a comprehensive review of new findings from the fields of mycology, taxonomy and natural products chemistry. Wasson and his successors have already provided detailed accounts pertaining to the history and study of the Me <p align="left"> xican mushroom species, so that these materials need &#110&#111&#116 &#98&#101 &#114&#101&#112&#101&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#105&#115&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#116&#101&#120&#116&#46 However, certain aspects concerning the more &#114&#101&#99&#101&#110&#116 &#117&#115&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 mushrooms as well as their conditions of growth &#119&#105&#108&#108 &#114&#101&#99&#101&#105&#118&#101 &#109&#111&#114&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#116&#97&#105&#108&#101&#100 &#97&#116&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110 in later chapters. The main purpose &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#98&#111&#111&#107 &#105&#115 to inspire &#102&#117&#114&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#115&#116&#117&#100&#121 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#44&#13&#10&#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 basic research efforts and medical applications of magic mushroom ingredients. The extensive bibliography will help scientists and other &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#101&#115 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#102&#117&#114&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#105&#109&#109&#101&#114&#115&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#109&#115&#101&#108&#118&#101&#115 in this &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#120 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#13&#10&#111&#102 &#115&#116&#117&#100&#121&#46&#13&#10&#74&#111&#99&#104&#101&#110 &#71&#97&#114&#116&#122&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 6 - Bronze doors with &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#109&#111&#116&#105&#102 &#101&#110&#116&#105&#116&#108&#101&#100 &#34&#84&#114&#105&#97&#108 and Judgment" &#97&#116 &#72&#105&#108&#100&#101&#115&#104&#101&#105&#109 &#67&#97&#116&#104&#101&#100&#114&#97&#108&#44 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121 (ca. 1020). CHAPTER 2 REFLECTIONS ON THE HISTORY AND SCIENTIFIC STUDY &#79&#70 &#77&#65&#71&#73&#67 &#77&#85&#83&#72&#82&#79&#79&#77&#83&#13&#10&#73&#116 &#105&#115 &#114&#101&#109&#97&#114&#107&#97&#98&#108&#101 that cultures native to the American continent knew about a relatively &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101&#13&#10&#110&#117&#109&#98&#101&#114 &#111&#102 &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108 &#109&#105&#110&#100&#45&#97&#108&#116&#101&#114&#105&#110&#103 substances compared &#116&#111 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/cow+manure+mushrooms.asp" title="Cow Manure Mushrooms" alt="Cow Manure Mushrooms" >Cow Manure Mushrooms</a> &#116&#104&#97&#116 evolved in Europe or Asia. Botanical evidence does not &#115&#117&#112&#112&#111&#114&#116 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#110&#111&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101 is &#104&#111&#109&#101 &#116&#111 &#102&#101&#119&#101&#114 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99&#13&#10&#112&#108&#97&#110&#116&#115 than &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#114&#101&#103&#105&#111&#110&#115&#46 &#70&#117&#114&#116&#104&#101&#114&#109&#111&#114&#101&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 number of recently discovered European mushroom &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 &#105&#110&#100&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101 a flourishing psychotropic &#109&#121&#99&#111&#102&#108&#111&#114&#97 &#105&#110 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#13&#10&#115&#105&#109&#105&#108&#97&#114 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 found in other countries.<br> It is unlikely &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115&#13&#10&#108&#101&#97&#114&#110&#101&#100 less about local plants and mushrooms through usage and &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115&#13&#10&#101&#108&#115&#101&#119&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#105&#110 the world. Most likely, early cultural knowledge of European psychoactive plants &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#97&#115 &#108&#111&#115&#116 &#111&#114 destroyed at some time in history, probably as early as several &#104&#117&#110&#100&#114&#101&#100 &#121&#101&#97&#114&#115&#13&#10&#97&#103&#111&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#121 &#116&#104&#97&#116 the fly agaric mushroom (Amanita &#109&#117&#115&#99&#97&#114&#105&#97&#41 &#119&#97&#115 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#102&#111&#114 its psychoactive &#112&#114&#111&#112&#101&#114&#116&#105&#101&#115 &#105&#110 &#83&#105&#98&#101&#114&#105&#97 &#105&#110&#118&#105&#116&#101&#100 the conclusion that this mushroom was used as a psychotropic &#97&#103&#101&#110&#116 &#105&#110 &#109&#101&#100&#105&#101&#118&#97&#108 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101 as well. In fact, &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#105&#115 &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#108&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#99&#101 from the &#77&#105&#100&#100&#108&#101&#13&#10&#65&#103&#101&#115 &#116&#111 &#105&#110&#100&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#108&#101&#100&#103&#101 &#111&#102 the effects of specific mushrooms on human consciousness. However, I believe that past reports on psychoactive mushrooms were causally linked to Amanita muscaria <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/shrooms+scientific+name.asp" title="Shrooms Name Scientific" alt="Shrooms Name Scientific" >Shrooms Name Scientific</a> simply because this was the only known psychotropic mushroom in Europe at that time. While the usage of Amanita muscaria among Siberian tribes has &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#116&#97&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#44 European accounts of fly agaric intoxications do not generally include descriptions of such intensely hallucinatory effects. Accordingly, the potent hallucinogenic effects of specific Psilocybes &#97&#110&#100 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121 to have had a much more &#115&#105&#103&#110&#105&#102&#105&#99&#97&#110&#116&#13&#10&#105&#110&#102&#108&#117&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#111&#110 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 cultures than the delirium-like visions induced by Amanita muscaria, a species that is also known to induce unconsciousness and severe somatic &#115&#105&#100&#101 &#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#105&#115 &#104&#121&#112&#111&#116&#104&#101&#115&#105&#115 &#105&#115 corroborated by data from comprehensive &#102&#105&#101&#108&#100 &#115&#116&#117&#100&#105&#101&#115 &#99&#111&#110&#100&#117&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#105&#110 Mexico.<br> I &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#104&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#105&#99 &#97&#99&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#115 &#105&#110&#99&#108&#117&#100&#105&#110&#103 those described &#98&#101&#108&#111&#119 &#45 &#105&#110&#100&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101 &#97 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#108&#101&#100&#103&#101 of </p> &#73&#116 &#104&#97&#115 &#98&#101&#101&#110 suggested by an Australian &#112&#104&#121&#115&#105&#99&#105&#97&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#112&#117&#98&#108&#105&#99 in Australia, as well as members of its &#100&#114&#117&#103 &#117&#115&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#117&#98&#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#44 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 became aware of the visionary properties of these &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/vision+while+on+mushrooms.asp" title="Vision While On Mushrooms" alt="Vision While On Mushrooms" >Vision While On Mushrooms</a> &#98&#121 &#97 visiting &#115&#117&#114&#102&#101&#114&#40&#115&#41&#44 &#119&#104&#111 &#99&#97&#109&#101 &#102&#114&#111&#109 either &#78&#101&#119 &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100 &#111&#114 &#116&#104&#101 United States (Hawaii) and most likely provided ethnomycological information to local surfers (McCarthy, 1971). This physician reported that the use &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#44 &#97&#115 well as 21 other drugs &#34&#119&#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#100&#101&#109&#111&#110&#115&#116&#114&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 a survey on drug &#97&#98&#117&#115&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#119&#97&#115 &#99&#111&#110&#100&#117&#99&#116&#101&#100 in Southern &#81&#117&#101&#101&#110&#115&#108&#97&#110&#100 &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#108&#57&#54&#57&#46&#34 &#84&#104&#105&#115 survey relied on interviews of &#53&#49 &#112&#101&#111&#112&#108&#101 &#98&#101&#108&#111&#110&#103&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#34&#116&#104&#101 `surfer' subculture local beach resorts".<br> In this &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#111&#99&#116&#111&#114 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#101&#100 that &#34&#97&#108&#116&#104&#111&#117&#103&#104 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#117&#114&#118&#101&#121 &#105&#110&#118&#111&#108&#118&#101&#100 surfers and their female &#102&#114&#105&#101&#110&#100&#115&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#105&#115 &#110&#111 suggestion &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 these drugs is confined to this group, which constitutes &#98&#117&#116 &#97 &#112&#114&#111&#112&#111&#114&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 our (Australian) young drug <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/how+to+growing+magic+mushrooms+at+home/" title="How To Growing Magic Mushrooms At Home" alt="How To Growing Magic Mushrooms At Home" >How To Growing Magic Mushrooms At Home</a> taking community.<br>" &#73&#116 &#105&#115 &#116&#104&#117&#115 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121 that word-of-mouth communication made a significant contribution to the increasing use of "magic mushrooms" in Australia &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#90&#46 INTRODUCTION Mind-altering (psilocybine containing) mushrooms have been traditionally used in religious healing and curing ceremonies by native peoples in Mesoamerica for more than 3,000 years. Today, the recreational use of hallucinogenic fungi by Westerners is widespread, especially in various regions of the United States, Canada, Mexico, Caribbean, Great Britain, Europe (especially in the Netherlands), Scandinavia, South America, Southeast Asia, India, Bali, Samoa; Australia and New Zealand. The modern, non-traditional use of hallucinogenic mushrooms has been stimulated, by media reports in newspapers, magazines, word-of-mouth communication, the World Wide Web and Internet, and also by the scholarly and popular journal publications of the renown ethnomycologist R. Gordon Wasson, (Harvard psychologist Timothy Leary, traveler Jeremy Sanford, health guru Andrew Weil, and others (see Allen , Merlin &Jansen, 1991).This field guide reviews the history of both the accidental and purposeful use of psychoactive mushrooms in Australia and New Zealand. Information in this guide has been gathered from personal experiences in Australia by the author and from reports in the scientific literature, news items appearing in the popular press, and personal communications with Australian and New Zealand (NZ) professionals (Unsigned 1970; O'Neill, 1986). <div <b> horse manure magic mushrooms</b> align="left"> <u> horse manure magic mushrooms</u> It has &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#115&#117&#103&#103&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#97&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110 physician that the &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#112&#117&#98&#108&#105&#99 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#44 as <u></u> <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/wild+shrooms.asp" title="Wild Shrooms" alt="Wild Shrooms" >Wild Shrooms</a> well as members &#111&#102 &#105&#116&#115 &#100&#114&#117&#103 &#117&#115&#105&#110&#103 subculture, </div> , and who gorge themselves on our tax dollars. I met Jochen Gartz shortly after the fall of the Berlin Wall at the third symposium of the European College for the Study of Consciousness (ECSC) in Freiburg, Germany. Our encounter was my first contact with a researcher from the former East Germany. Jochen Gartz's enthusiastic lecture was a truly consciousnessexpanding event, his words breaking down traditional borders and crossing over into new territory. The magic mushrooms spoke through him - with no trace of dogma or ideology - in the tradition of true anarchy that is the hallmark of mushroom magic. What I heard was unbelievable. Jochen spoke of a "new" psychedelic mushroom and its migration. The mycelia had spread in concentric circles outward from Leipzig, jumping all political borders. Finally, when the mycelia reached West German soil, the hated Berlin Wall crumbled. Could there possibly be a connection between the evolution of the magic mushroom and the evolution of our consciousness? Could a mushroom have contributed to the resolution of our political conflicts? In the past, politicians, even popes, had their own jesters and magicians, who functioned as pressure release valves in the machinations of political power struggles. It is obvious that a country whose chancellor is being pelted with eggs, urgently needs a new breed of magician who are able to readjust reality. But today, no aspiring magician should go about this task without this book as a guide for the wondrous journey into the realm of magic mushrooms. Christian Rdtsch Figure 5 - "Anthropomorphic Beings Engaged in Mushroom Dance" 10,000-year-old rock drawing in Tassili, Sahara (Algeria) CHAPTER 1 I BELIEVE THE TIME HAS COME FOR A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF NEW FINDINGS FROM THE FIELDS OF MYCOLOGY, TAXONOMY AND NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY When R.G. Wasson, R. Heim and A. Hofmann began their interdisciplinary research program to study the Mexican species of mushrooms and their usage in Mexican mushroom cults, their efforts culminated in a 1958 landmark report that described the isolation, molecular structure and synthesis of the mushrooms' active ingredients: psilocybin and psilocin. Several years later, these substances were also identified in a species of mushroom in Europe, Psilocybe semilanceata, which became the first in a series of newly discovered species. Since then, psychoactive mushrooms from other genera have been reported with increasing frequency. As part of my analytical work dedicated to the identification of naturally occurring chemicals, I had the good fortune to be part of a research team that studied alkaloids found in a variety of mushroom species. Now I believe the time has come for a comprehensive review of new findings from the fields of mycology, taxonomy and natural products chemistry. Wasson and his successors have already provided detailed accounts pertaining to the history and study of the Me JOCHEN GARTZ MAGIC &#77&#85&#83&#72&#82&#79&#79&#77&#83&#13&#10&#65&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100&#13&#10&#65 &#83&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99 Journey Across &#67&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#84&#105&#109&#101&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#67&#97&#115&#101 &#102&#111&#114 Challenging Research and &#86&#97&#108&#117&#101 &#83&#121&#115&#116&#101&#109&#115&#13&#10&#42 &#76&#73&#83 &#80&#85&#66&#76&#73&#67&#65&#84&#73&#79&#78&#83 &#42 LOS ANGELES, CA* Figure &#49 &#45 &#87&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#67&#111&#108&#111&#114 Painting &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#13&#10&#40&#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#44 &#49&#57&#50&#55&#41&#13&#10&#84&#65&#66&#76&#69 OF CONTENT (With Active Links' &#74&#117&#115&#116 &#67&#108&#105&#99&#107 &#79&#110 &#65 Subject &#84&#111 &#71&#111 &#84&#111 &#84&#104&#101 Page) "Who Was the First &#77&#97&#103&#105&#99&#105&#97&#110&#63&#34 &#45 &#70&#111&#114&#101&#119&#111&#114&#100 &#98&#121 Christian Ratsch 7 1. <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/findingand+picking+shrooms+in+australia.asp" title="Findingand Picking Shrooms In Australia" alt="Findingand Picking Shrooms In Australia" >Findingand Picking Shrooms In Australia</a> &#73&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#57&#13&#10&#50&#46 &#82&#101&#102&#108&#101&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#110 &#116&#104&#101 History and Scientific Study of Magic Mushrooms 10 3.<br> The &#67&#117&#114&#114&#101&#110&#116 &#83&#116&#97&#116&#101 &#111&#102 &#75&#110&#111&#119&#108&#101&#100&#103&#101 About European Species 14 3.1 Psilocybe semilanceata: The Classic Species &#65&#109&#111&#110&#103 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 &#80&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 16 3.2 Psilocybe cyanescens: &#80&#111&#116&#101&#110&#116 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#71&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#110 &#87&#111&#111&#100 Debris 29 3.3 Panaeolus subbalteatus: Mycology &#97&#110&#100 &#77&#121&#116&#104&#115 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#101 Panaeolus Species 37 3.<br>4 Inocybe aeruginascens: Fast-Spreading New Arrivals &#52&#52&#13&#10&#51&#46&#53 &#71&#121&#109&#110&#111&#112&#105&#108&#117&#115 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#117&#114&#97&#116&#117&#115&#58 &#77&#97&#103&#110&#105&#102&#105&#99&#101&#110&#116 Mushrooms from South &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97 &#53&#49&#13&#10&#51&#46&#54 &#67&#111&#110&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#111&#112&#117&#115&#58 Tiny Mushrooms of Remarkable &#80&#111&#116&#101&#110&#99&#121 &#53&#53&#13&#10&#51&#46&#55 &#80&#108&#117&#116&#101&#117&#115 &#115&#97&#108&#105&#99&#105&#110&#117&#115&#58 A Little-known Wood-Inhabiting Species 58 4.<br> &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#73&#100&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#58 &#84&#97&#120&#111&#110&#111&#109&#105&#99 &#67&#111&#110&#102&#117&#115&#105&#111&#110 and the &#80&#111&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#97&#108 &#102&#111&#114 &#68&#101&#97&#100&#108&#121 &#77&#105&#115&#116&#97&#107&#101&#115 61 5. The Bluing Phenomenon and &#77&#101&#116&#111&#108 &#84&#101&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103&#58 &#82&#101&#97&#108&#105&#116&#121 &#118&#115&#46 Wishful Thinking 63 6.<br> Mushroom Cultivation: Classic &#70&#105&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#101&#119 &#84&#101&#99&#104&#110&#105&#113&#117&#101&#115 &#54&#54&#13&#10&#55&#46 Psychotropic Mushroom Species Around the World 77 7.1 Spotlight on North America and Hawaii &#55&#57&#13&#10&#55&#46&#50 &#77&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#105&#97 &#105&#110 &#67&#101&#110&#116&#114&#97&#108 and South America 82 7.3 Australia's &#77&#121&#99&#111&#102&#108&#111&#114&#97 &#65&#116&#116&#114&#97&#99&#116&#115 &#65&#116&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#56&#52&#13&#10&#55&#46&#52 European Customs and Conventions 87 7.5 Japanese Experimentation 93 7.6 Intoxications and the &#79&#108&#100&#101&#115&#116 &#75&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#67&#117&#108&#116 in Africa 95 7.7 &#85&#115&#97&#103&#101 &#105&#110 &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104&#101&#97&#115&#116 &#65&#115&#105&#97 and the South Pacific Islands 98 8. Some Comments on Effects of Mushrooms &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#67&#97&#116&#101&#103&#111&#114&#121 &#80&#104&#97&#110&#116&#97&#115&#116&#105&#107&#97 102 9.<br> &#80&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#97&#112&#121 &#49&#48&#56&#13&#10&#49&#48&#46 &#79&#117&#116&#108&#111&#111&#107 &#49&#49&#52&#13&#10&#49&#49&#46 Bibliography &#49&#50&#48&#13&#10&#73&#110&#100&#101&#120 &#49&#50&#57&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#50 &#45 Psilocybe cubensis from Australia Figure &#51 &#45 &#87&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114 painting of Panaeolus subbalteatus (Germany, 1927). Figure 4 - &#70&#114&#101&#115&#104 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 &#115&#117&#98&#98&#97&#108&#116&#101&#97&#116&#117&#115 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#46&#13&#10&#70&#79&#82&#69&#87&#79&#82&#68&#13&#10&#78&#111&#98&#111&#100&#121 knows precisely when the first magic mushroom emerged from the shadows of prehistory to enter the light of consciousness. Nobody &#107&#110&#111&#119&#115 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 magic mushroom was eaten &#98&#121 &#97 &#104&#117&#109&#97&#110 &#98&#101&#105&#110&#103&#46 Nobody knows just who the first magic mushroom eater &#119&#97&#115&#46 &#73&#110&#13&#10&#115&#101&#101&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#97&#110&#115&#119&#101&#114&#115 &#116&#111 these questions, &#119&#101 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/mushroons+that+grow+in+cow+compost.asp" title="Mushroons That Grow In Cow Compost" alt="Mushroons That Grow In Cow Compost" >Mushroons That Grow In Cow Compost</a> &#99&#97&#110 &#111&#110&#108&#121&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#117&#108&#97&#116&#101&#46 &#77&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#111&#98&#101&#115&#44 however, are quick to voice &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#99&#111&#110&#118&#105&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#111&#110&#108&#121 a fool would be reckless &#101&#110&#111&#117&#103&#104 &#116&#111 &#119&#97&#110&#116 &#116&#111 attain a higher state of consciousness beyond the boundaries of everyday reality. &#65&#110&#100 &#111&#110&#108&#121 &#97 &#102&#111&#111&#108 would attempt to do this by ingesting those odd little things that mysteriously thrive on decaying, humid soil, rotten wood and malodorous mounds of cow manure. Historically, magic, mushrooms have been &#102&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#97&#110&#100 &#104&#97&#116&#101&#100&#96 &#115&#105&#110&#99&#101 antiquity: magic mushrooms were thought to &#98&#101 &#109&#97&#100&#101 &#102&#114&#111&#109&#13&#10&#112&#111&#105&#115&#111&#110&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 had dripped from &#115&#101&#114&#112&#101&#110&#116&#115&#39 &#102&#97&#110&#103&#115&#59&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101&#121 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#111 be unclean emissions of evil spirits; moreover, mushrooms were a kn There are more than 1 dozen species of "magic mushrooms" in Australia and New Most users of the psychoactive visionary mushrooms have very little knowledge of their scientific names. Instead, they have given their favorite species local epithets which are commonly used by those who collect and ingest them. Some of these popular names are also known and applied by users outside of Australia and NZ. "Magic Mushrooms" is the most common term applied to any mushroom which contains psilocybine and/or psilocine. It was invented by a Life Magazine editor in l957 ( see Wasson, l957). Psilocybe cubensis is known in Australia as "golden tops", "gold tops" or sometimes "gold caps." The Australian epithets may have been given to this species by members of a local, drugusing group of surfers which frequented the Gold Coast region of Eastern Australia; however, some of these names have apparently been used to describe several different species of Psilocybe by users in Australia (see Allen, 1997). As mentioned above, Psilocybe cubensis is not known to occur in New Zealand. Those who ingest Copelandia cyanescens, known in Australia and New Zealand as "blue meanies", also refer to this species as "Blue Legs", "golden tops" or "gold caps". The latter two nicknames, as well as "dimple tops" and "cone heads", are common terms applied to Copelandia cyanescens in the Hawaiian Islands; and some of these same popular names have also been used by visiting surfers from both New Zealand and Australia, to describe the macroscopic characteristics of Copelandia cyanescens. These same surfers visiting Hawaii's North Shore have reportedly ingested mushrooms prior to surfing, as do many of the locally based surfers in Australia and NZ. ecialize in the study of Psilocybes, despite the fact that Psilocybe semilanceata is the most common and conspicuous species among the Psilocybes. Also, mushroom lovers whose interests are not purely scientific (see Chapter 7.4) do not usually preserve their knowledge for posterity in the form of distribution maps. However, there is one map from 1986, which shows the distribution pattern of Psilocybe semilanceata across Germany (see Figure 20, p. 28). Almost no published information is available about locations where Psilocybe species have been found in eastern Germany. During my own field trips, I have discovered Psilocybe semilanceata specimens in various locations, such as near my hometown of Mansfeld in the Vorharz Mountains, in the marshlands of Duben as well as in other eastern German marshland areas. In addition, friends who are also mycologists have told me about finding the mushrooms in other parts of the country. A book published in 1952 is among the rare sources that includes details about specimens discovered in the southeastern state of Saxony (see Figure 16, p. 23). The Psilocybe species grow most abundantly on wet pastures surrounded by forest areas. In my experience, Psilocybe semilanceata grows in most of Germany's forestlands. The species fruits during the fall, from late September through October. It favors acidic soil and grassy terrain alongside trails or around the edges of forest lands. Specimens are generally clustered in small groups of 30 mushrooms or less. Deer droppings or other animal feces are usually present at those locations, even though the mushrooms never grow directly on top of dung. Occasionally, extremely stunted specimens may be found in the mountains by the side of the road. The soil below older cow pastures provides an excellent medium for extensive mycelial growth. In some locations, large areas yield an abundance of fruiting bodies, mirroring the extent of mycelial saturation in the soil. Given adequate moisture, maximum yields can be expected, if the pasture was grazed at least once during the weeks before fruiting season. However, the mushrooms also thrive under similar conditions on horse and sheep pastures. Such grassy areas inside forests are usually grazing areas for deer, who provide the soil with additional fertilization. However, Psilocybe semilanceata does not grow in locations where artificial fertilizer has been used. Such pastures are often flanked by creeks or swamp lands, which saturate the soil with water. During the summertime, the warm climate in these wet areas provides an excellent environment for optimal mycelial growth. In Germany, the mushroom's habitat ranges from the coastal areas to mountainous regions, where the species has been found at altitudes of up to 1,720 m (5,160 ft) above sea level (MTB-8443, 1985). In the former Czechoslovakia, samples have been collected at altitudes ranging from 330 to 1,000 m (1,000 - and familiarity with psychotropic mushrooms in Europe that is most likely derived from usage of Psilocybes and related species, rather than experience with Amanita muscaria. However, it is extremely difficult to reject or confirm this hypothesis, due to the lack of conclusive data available for analysis today. Bwyd Ellylon: A Feast of Fairies in Celebration of the Spirit World Tales of ritualistic mushroom usage have found their way into the realm of myths and legends. For instance, one legend describes a peculiar poisonous mushroom in Wales (British Isles) with the strange name of Bwyd Ellylon, which was considered a delicacy by fairies feasting in celebration of the spirit world. Psilocybe semilanceata is the most important psilocybincontaining mushroom in Europe and it thrives in parts of Great Britain, where the mushroom grows abundantly all across the Welsh countryside during fall season. I would like to thank G. Samorini for pointing out that the Inquisition was unusually cruel and vicious in the Alpine valleys of Valcamonica, Valtrompia and Valtellina (located in the provinces of Brescia and Sandrio in Northern Italy). Many books chronicle countless witch burnings in that region, with particular emphasis on the witches' meetings at the "Monte del Tonale", located at an altitude of 2000 m (ca. 6,000 ft). Field research has shown that plants of the nightshade family ("witching herbs") do not grow at this altitude; even the fly agaric mushroom is rarely found there. By contrast, pastures in the area abound with Psilocybe semilanceata during the fall. Given this historical context, it would seem likely that Psilocybe semilanceata played an important role as a psychotropic agent in the region (see Figure 58, Chapter 7.4). In light of medieval accounts describing the practice of witchcraft, it is interesting to note that a subjective sensation of flying or levitation is among the commonly reported effects of psilocybin intoxication. Berserk Rage of Nordic Warriors In the course of the ideological power struggle between Christianity and the remnants of pagan religions that worshipped Nature, many sources of knowledge were lost. The aggressive repression and eradication of pre-Christian customs all but destroyed the continuity of Europe's original cultural heritage, along with much historic evidence documenting early cultural practices, including the usage of plants and mushrooms for the purpose of temporary alterations of consciousness. Some authors went so far as to blame the fly agaric mushroom for proverbial fits of "berserk rage" attributed to Nordic warriors. Many accounts detailing this phenomenon allude to a "deception of the eyes" (i.e. visual hallucinations). After the Nordic legal system banished the practice of "going berserk", it disappeared quite suddenly during the 12th century. At about the same time, Saxo Grammaticus speculated that the Berserkers may have used mag Most recreational users of Psilocybe cubensis (when grown in vitro) require a dosage of xican mushroom species, so that these materials need not be repeated in this context. However, certain aspects concerning the more recent uses of these mushrooms as well as their conditions of growth will receive more detailed attention in later chapters. The main purpose of this book is to inspire further study of these mushrooms, particularly basic research efforts and medical applications of magic mushroom ingredients. The extensive bibliography will help scientists and other interested mycophiles to further immerse themselves in this complex area of study. Jochen Gartz Figure 6 - Bronze doors with mushroom motif entitled "Trial and Judgment" at Hildesheim Cathedral, Germany (ca. 1020). CHAPTER 2 REFLECTIONS ON THE HISTORY AND SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF MAGIC MUSHROOMS It is remarkable that cultures native to the American continent knew about a relatively large number of natural mind-altering substances compared to early cultures that evolved in Europe or Asia. Botanical evidence does not support the notion that Europe is home to fewer hallucinogenic plants than other regions. Furthermore, the growing number of recently discovered European mushroom species containing psilocybin indicate a flourishing psychotropic mycoflora in Europe similar to those found in other countries. It is unlikely that early European cultures learned less about local plants and mushrooms through usage and experience than cultures elsewhere in the world. Most likely, early cultural knowledge of European psychoactive plants and mushrooms was lost or destroyed at some time in history, probably as early as several hundred years ago. The discovery that the fly agaric mushroom (Amanita muscaria) was known for its psychoactive properties in Siberia invited the conclusion that this mushroom was used as a psychotropic agent in medieval Europe as well. In fact, there is very little evidence from the Middle Ages to indicate widespread knowledge of the effects of specific mushrooms on human consciousness. However, I believe that past reports on psychoactive mushrooms were causally linked to Amanita muscaria simply because this was the only known psychotropic mushroom in Europe at that time. While the usage of Amanita muscaria among Siberian tribes has generated reports of spectacular hallucinations, European accounts of fly agaric intoxications do not generally include descriptions of such intensely hallucinatory effects. Accordingly, the potent hallucinogenic effects of specific Psilocybes and related species are likely to have had a much more significant influence on early European cultures than the delirium-like visions induced by Amanita muscaria, a species that is also known to induce unconsciousness and severe somatic side effects. This hypothesis is corroborated by data from comprehensive field studies conducted in Mexico. I believe that historic accounts including those described below - indicate a knowledge of The majority of adverse physical effects or negative psychological reactions produced by "magic mushrooms" generally result from inappropriate set and expectation, or because of improper dosage, which may vary considerably among consumers, different mushroom species, or even within an individual species. The question of dosage is often confused by the variation in the source of the hallucinogenic mushroom species which is consumed. For example, Psilocybe cubensis, when picked and eaten from its natural dung (manure) habitat, produces a relatively mild mindaltering experience, which is evident from the large amounts of fresh specimens needed to achieve a threshold experience. However when grown in vitro (indoor laboratory cultivation and/or illicit cultivation), Psilocybe cubensis apparently can produce a more potent strain capable of inducing a very intense visual, sometimes quite disturbing, experience. This dosage assumes that the consumption of 1 to 3 gm of dried material would be too low if the mushroom specimen came from a wild source. This low potency for Psilocybe cubensis has been confirmed by research scientists Margot & Watling, (1981), who were surprised by the comparatively small amounts of psilocybin and psilocin which they extracted from wild specimens collected from five different locations in Australia. This suggests that a much larger dose would be required to produce significant hallucinations. It is possible that the chemicals most likely degenerated between the time that they were harvested and the time of analysis. However, it should be noted that a strain of Psilocybe cubensis producing different flushes (harvests) will vary somewhat in potency between flushes. In addition, many early users of "magic mushrooms" in Australia may have first become aware of their mind-altering and visionary effects by reading the published literature or the many news items appearing in the popular Australian press during the late l960's and early l970's. These news items often described both accidental and deliberate intoxication's which resulted from the ingestion of several varieties of "magic mushrooms". For example, in 1972, one local newspaper report provided an account regarding the use of these mushrooms by young teenagers at a local high school in Brisbane: "...children at a suburban school are getting high on mushrooms called 'Gold Tops.' The mushrooms are common along the Brisbane River near Toowing High School, and children in search of `kicks' have been experimenting with them (Unsigned, 1972)." It would be very obvious to anyone who read this above mentioned news item, when it appeared in print, that those searching for hallucinogenic mushrooms would be able to find them if they so desired. There is yet another factor that may have played a significant role in promoting interest in the use of psychoactive mushrooms in Australia and NZ. Some drug users or mycophillic individuals may have read or heard of R. Gordon Wasson's personal account of his adventurous rediscovery of an hallucinogenic mushroom cult among the Mazatec Indians of Southern Mexico. Dr. Wasson reported the ceremonial use of certain mushrooms as divinatory substances among the Mazatecs and other native peoples in Oaxaca, Mexico (see Wasson, 1957). This journalistic report of Wasson's research expedition appeared in an international edition of Life Magazine in the late l950's, providing many drug users and others with the incentive to seek out, find, and eventually experiment with these mushrooms. went in waves. Increasingly, all colors in her immediate surroundings coalesced into shades of green. The hallucinations were fearsome; the heads of monsters became visible and a wall opened up into an abyss. There was a succession of human figure with animal heads. The next day, everything was back to normal. The oldest child (age 14) also saw her parents' hair color turn green, had dilated pupils and watched geometric shapes appear on the wall. The youngest child (age 11) experienced cramps and lost consciousness. In 1960, Singer and Guzman suggested that Panaeolus cyanescens might contain psilocybin, because of the intense blue staining they had observed. It wasn't until after the intoxications in Menton had been publicized, that a research team working with A. Hofmann detected 0.2% of psilocybin in the mushrooms. Considering the powerful effects, however, this concentration appears to be too low to cause such impressive reactions. Later on, Sandoz Laboratories reported the level of psilocybin in dried samples as 0.8%, along with 1.2% psilocin. The level of psilocin, however, may have been falsely elevated by the presence of serotonin and its derivates in the mushroom sample that was being tested. According to Stijve, a mushroom sample collected by J.W. Allen in Thailand contained 0.4% - 1.05% of psilocin, with only trace amounts of psilocybin; serotonin was present in large amounts, comparable to concentrations found in all Panaeolus species. Apparently, Panaeolus cyanescens produces more psilocin than psilocybin. Still, I was able to detect 0.4% of psilocybin in mycelia cultivated on malt agar, with no other indole compounds present. Discussion of the Panaeolus species would remain incomplete without pointing out that those subjectively terrifying psychoses reported in 1965 cannot be attributed to a specific mushroom ingredient, but were likely precipitated by the circumstances (set and setting) surrounding the incident. The effects described by J. Allen in Hawaii after eating 20 specimens paint a different picture altogether: With radio music playing softly in the dark, euphoria began to come on in waves. After 20 minutes, visions became so intense that I tried to close my eyes. Whenever 1 did close my eyes, my eyelids felt as if they were being sprayed from the outside. Colors were sharp and clear, but I always quickly opened my eyes again. Colors were dancing like laser beams to the rhythm of the music. The stars in the sky assembled in clusters that reached all the way into my soul. I was a little scared at the idea that the ocean water might rush up all the way into our hut. Other than that, feelings of euphoria were overwhelming. At times, I was overcome by fits of laughter. That night, I slept like "a prince ". The following morning I gathered up my belongings and had to walk back across the pasture where I had collected the mushrooms the day before. I noticed a lot o This document provides complete directions for cultivating psilocybin <div align="right"> was followed by a very vivid sensation of the soul in flight, &#99&#111&#117&#112&#108&#101&#100 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#102&#101&#101&#108&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#111&#102 euphoria.<br>When looking out the window into the &#100&#97&#114&#107 &#110&#105&#103&#104&#116 &#111&#102 &#97&#13&#10&#102&#111&#114&#101&#115&#116 &#108&#97&#110&#100&#115&#99&#97&#112&#101&#44 visions of strange patterns and formations occurred, which &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#100&#101&#101&#112&#108&#121 &#105&#109&#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 &#115&#101&#101&#109&#101&#100 &#116&#111 impart an inkling of eternity. At the end of four hours, the effects had &#100&#105&#115&#115&#105&#112&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#119&#105&#116&#104&#111&#117&#116&#13&#10&#100&#121&#115&#112&#104&#111&#114&#105&#97 &#111&#114 &#97&#110&#121 type of somatic side effect. A control &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#102&#111&#114 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#97&#114&#105&#115&#111&#110&#13&#10&#112&#117&#114&#112&#111&#115&#101&#115 &#119&#97&#115 performed using 0.8 g of dried Psilocybe semilanceata. &#84&#104&#101 &#111&#110&#115&#101&#116 &#111&#102 &#115&#121&#109&#112&#116&#111&#109&#115 was much more sudden, including a heavy flow of tears, so that there was an initial phase &#111&#102 &#97&#110&#120&#105&#101&#116&#121&#46 &#79&#110&#108&#121 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#97 later phase of the experience was it possible to perceive ornaments &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#114&#109 &#111&#102 &#34&#117&#110&#100&#101&#114&#119&#97&#116&#101&#114&#13&#10&#115&#116&#114&#101&#97&#109&#101&#114&#115&#34&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#111 appreciate the aesthetically enhanced nature of these visions. The regular pattern of. &#105&#110&#118&#111&#108&#117&#110&#116&#97&#114&#121&#13&#10&#105&#110&#116&#111&#120&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#105&#115 &#97 &#103&#111&#111&#100 indicator &#102&#111&#114 &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101 &#115&#99&#111&#112&#101&#13&#10&#111&#102 &#101&#120&#112&#97&#110&#115&#105&#111&#110 of &#73&#110&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#97&#101&#114&#117&#103&#105&#110&#97&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#105&#110&#116&#111 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/nz+mushrooms+photos.asp" title="Nz Mushrooms Photos" alt="Nz Mushrooms Photos" >Nz Mushrooms Photos</a> &#110&#101&#119&#13&#10&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#97&#116&#115 &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 the 1980s.<br> For example, at the time of the initial intoxications - when the species was still restricted to a few easily &#113&#117&#97&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#97&#98&#108&#101&#13&#10&#99&#111&#108&#108&#101&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#45 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 had spread from Potsdam to the location &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 &#49&#57&#56&#50&#44 &#97&#110&#100 from there moved on to &#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#118&#105&#99&#105&#110&#105&#116&#121&#44 where more than 150 mushrooms were found &#40&#115&#101&#101 &#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#51&#52&#41&#46&#13&#10&#83&#121&#109&#98&#105&#111&#115&#105&#115 &#87&#105&#116&#104 Trees Starting in late &#77&#97&#121 &#49&#57&#56&#52&#44 &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#98&#111&#100&#105&#101&#115&#13&#10&#111&#102 the species &#99&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#98&#101 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#105&#110 abundance at countless new locations across the Brandenburg region of Germany. They tend to grow near the roots &#111&#102 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116 &#100&#101&#99&#105&#100&#117&#111&#117&#115 &#116&#114&#101&#101&#115 (Populus, Tilia, Quercus, &#66&#101&#116&#117&#108&#97&#41&#44 &#111&#110 &#108&#97&#119&#110&#115 &#105&#110 parks and gardens, at &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#100&#103&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#114&#97&#105&#108&#115 and in the &#112&#97&#118&#101&#100 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115&#13&#10&#111&#102 &#116&#114&#101&#101&#45&#108&#105&#110&#101&#100 sidewalks (where &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#109&#97&#121 &#101&#118&#101&#110&#13&#10&#103&#114&#111&#119 &#111&#110 bare, sandy &#115&#111&#105&#108&#41 &#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#97&#115 amongst the greenery of &#114&#101&#115&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116&#105&#97&#108 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 suburbs and communities in and around Berlin. Herein &#108&#105&#101&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#109&#97&#114&#107&#101&#100 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#99&#101&#13&#10&#98&#101&#116&#119&#101&#101&#110 Inocybe aeruginascens and other European psychotropic mushroom species: Inocybe aeruginascens grows only in &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#104&#117&#109&#97&#110 &#100&#101&#118&#101&#108&#111&#112&#109&#101&#110&#116&#46 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/telstrabp.asp" title="Telstrabp" alt="Telstrabp" >Telstrabp</a> &#84&#104&#101&#105&#114 prime locations are &#105&#110&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#109&#105&#100&#100&#108&#101 &#111&#102 &#118&#105&#108&#108&#97&#103&#101&#115 and towns, where &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#13&#10&#108&#111&#99&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#109&#117&#99&#104 &#108&#105&#107&#101 other &#73&#110&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#121 &#109&#97&#121&#13&#10&#116&#101&#109&#112&#111&#114&#97&#114&#105&#108&#121 produce mass quantities of fruiting bodies, in those locations that are typical habitats for the edible &#118&#97&#114&#105&#101&#116&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#97&#105&#114&#121 ring &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#46&#13&#10&#83&#111 &#102&#97&#114&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#97&#98&#117&#110&#100&#97&#110&#116 crop of &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#98&#111&#100&#105&#101&#115 &#119&#97&#115 &#111&#98&#115&#101&#114&#118&#101&#100 &#105&#110 1987, &#100&#117&#101 &#116&#111 &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#119&#101&#116&#13&#10&#119&#101&#97&#116&#104&#101&#114 conditions, which allowed the mushrooms to thrive. The following years were &#99&#111&#109&#112&#97&#114&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#108&#121&#13&#10&#100&#114&#121 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 hardly fruited at all. It wasn't until 1990 that &#97 &#102&#101&#119 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#114&#101&#45&#101&#109&#101&#114&#103&#101&#100 &#97&#116 the classic &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#110 &#80&#111&#116&#115&#100&#97&#109&#46 &#68&#101&#115&#112&#105&#116&#101 1989 having been a &#98&#97&#100 &#121&#101&#97&#114 &#102&#111&#114 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#44 it &#119&#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#121&#101&#97&#114&#13&#10&#119&#104&#101&#110 &#73&#110&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 aeruginascens was found &#102&#111&#114 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#116&#105&#109&#101 &#97&#116 four locations in and around Rostock, a city located on the Eastern &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110 &#99&#111&#97&#115&#116&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104&#13&#10&#105&#115 &#102&#97&#109&#111&#117&#115 &#102&#111&#114 its wet climate. Finding &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 is evidence for &#97&#13&#10&#109&#117 </div> went in waves. Increasingly, all colors in her immediate surroundings coalesced into &#115&#104&#97&#100&#101&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 were fearsome; the &#104&#101&#97&#100&#115&#13&#10&#111&#102 &#109&#111&#110&#115&#116&#101&#114&#115 &#98&#101&#99&#97&#109&#101 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#98&#108&#101 &#97&#110&#100 a wall opened &#117&#112&#13&#10&#105&#110&#116&#111 &#97&#110 &#97&#98&#121&#115&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#114&#101 was a succession of human figure with animal &#104&#101&#97&#100&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#110&#101&#120&#116 &#100&#97&#121&#44 everything was &#98&#97&#99&#107 &#116&#111 &#110&#111&#114&#109&#97&#108&#46 &#84&#104&#101 oldest child (age 14) also saw her parents' hair &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114 &#116&#117&#114&#110 &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#44 &#104&#97&#100 dilated pupils and watched geometric shapes appear on &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#119&#97&#108&#108&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#121&#111&#117&#110&#103&#101&#115&#116 &#99&#104&#105&#108&#100&#13&#10&#40&#97&#103&#101 11) experienced cramps and lost consciousness. In 1960, Singer &#97&#110&#100 &#71&#117&#122&#109&#97&#110 &#115&#117&#103&#103&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100&#13&#10&#116&#104&#97&#116 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 might contain psilocybin, because of the intense &#98&#108&#117&#101 &#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101&#121 &#104&#97&#100 &#111&#98&#115&#101&#114&#118&#101&#100&#46 It wasn't until after <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/growing+shrooms+from+cow+manure.asp" title="Growing Shrooms From Cow Manure" alt="Growing Shrooms From Cow Manure" >Growing Shrooms From Cow Manure</a> the intoxications in Menton had &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#112&#117&#98&#108&#105&#99&#105&#122&#101&#100&#44 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#97 &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104 team working with A. Hofmann detected &#48&#46&#50&#37 &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 &#105&#110 the mushrooms. Considering the powerful effects, however, this concentration appears to &#98&#101 &#116&#111&#111 &#108&#111&#119 &#116&#111 &#99&#97&#117&#115&#101 &#115&#117&#99&#104&#13&#10&#105&#109&#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#105&#118&#101 &#114&#101&#97&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#46 Later &#111&#110&#44 &#83&#97&#110&#100&#111&#122&#13&#10&#76&#97&#98&#111&#114&#97&#116&#111&#114&#105&#101&#115 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#101&#118&#101&#108 of psilocybin in dried samples as &#48&#46&#56&#37&#44 &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#49&#46&#50&#37 psilocin. The level &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#105&#110&#44 &#104&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 &#109&#97&#121 have been falsely &#101&#108&#101&#118&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#99&#101 of serotonin &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#105&#116&#115 &#100&#101&#114&#105&#118&#97&#116&#101&#115 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 mushroom sample &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#119&#97&#115&#13&#10&#98&#101&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100&#46&#13&#10&#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 Stijve, a mushroom sample collected by J.W. Allen in Thailand contained 0.4% - 1.05% of psilocin, &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#111&#110&#108&#121 &#116&#114&#97&#99&#101&#13&#10&#97&#109&#111&#117&#110&#116&#115 &#111&#102 psilocybin; serotonin was present &#105&#110&#13&#10&#108&#97&#114&#103&#101 &#97&#109&#111&#117&#110&#116&#115&#44 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#97&#114&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#116&#111 concentrations found in all Panaeolus species.<br> Apparently, Panaeolus cyanescens produces more &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#105&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#46 &#83&#116&#105&#108&#108&#44 I was able &#116&#111 &#100&#101&#116&#101&#99&#116 &#48&#46&#52&#37 &#111&#102 psilocybin &#105&#110 &#109&#121&#99&#101&#108&#105&#97&#13&#10&#99&#117&#108&#116&#105&#118&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#111&#110 &#109&#97&#108&#116 agar, with no &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#105&#110&#100&#111&#108&#101&#13&#10&#99&#111&#109&#112&#111&#117&#110&#100&#115 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#116&#46&#13&#10&#68&#105&#115&#99&#117&#115&#115&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 the Panaeolus &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#13&#10&#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110 &#105&#110&#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101 &#119&#105&#116&#104&#111&#117&#116 pointing &#111&#117&#116&#13&#10&#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101&#108&#121 &#116&#101&#114&#114&#105&#102&#121&#105&#110&#103 psychoses reported in 1965 cannot be attributed to a specific mushroom &#105&#110&#103&#114&#101&#100&#105&#101&#110&#116&#44 &#98&#117&#116 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121&#13&#10&#112&#114&#101&#99&#105&#112&#105&#116&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#98&#121 the circumstances (set and setting) surrounding the incident. The effects &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#74&#46&#13&#10&#65&#108&#108&#101&#110 &#105&#110 Hawaii after eating 20 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#109&#101&#110&#115 &#112&#97&#105&#110&#116 &#97&#13&#10&#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116 &#112&#105&#99&#116&#117&#114&#101 altogether: With radio &#109&#117&#115&#105&#99 &#112&#108&#97&#121&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#111&#102&#116&#108&#121 &#105&#110 the dark, &#101&#117&#112&#104&#111&#114&#105&#97 &#98&#101&#103&#97&#110 &#116&#111 &#99&#111&#109&#101 on in waves.<br> After 20 &#109&#105&#110&#117&#116&#101&#115&#44 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#98&#101&#99&#97&#109&#101 &#115&#111 intense that I tried to close my eyes. Whenever &#49 &#100&#105&#100 &#99&#108&#111&#115&#101 &#109&#121 eyes, my eyelids felt as if they were being sprayed from the outside. Colors &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#115&#104&#97&#114&#112 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#108&#101&#97&#114&#44 but I always quickly &#111&#112&#101&#110&#101&#100 &#109&#121 &#101&#121&#101&#115 &#97&#103&#97&#105&#110&#46 Colors were dancing &#108&#105&#107&#101 &#108&#97&#115&#101&#114 &#98&#101&#97&#109&#115 &#116&#111 the &#114&#104&#121&#116&#104&#109 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#105&#99&#46 &#84&#104&#101 stars &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#107&#121 &#97&#115&#115&#101&#109&#98&#108&#101&#100 in clusters that reached &#97&#108&#108 &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#97&#121 &#105&#110&#116&#111 my soul. &#73&#13&#10&#119&#97&#115 &#97 &#108&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#115&#99&#97&#114&#101&#100 at the idea that &#116&#104&#101 &#111&#99&#101&#97&#110&#13&#10&#119&#97&#116&#101&#114 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/growing+shrooms+from+cow+manure.asp" title="Growing Shrooms From Cow Manure" alt="Growing Shrooms From Cow Manure" >Growing Shrooms From Cow Manure</a> &#109&#105&#103&#104&#116 &#114&#117&#115&#104 &#117&#112 all the way into our hut.<br> Other than that, &#102&#101&#101&#108&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#111&#102 &#101&#117&#112&#104&#111&#114&#105&#97 &#119&#101&#114&#101&#13&#10&#111&#118&#101&#114&#119&#104&#101&#108&#109&#105&#110&#103&#46 At times, I was overcome by fits of laughter. That night, I slept like &#34&#97 &#112&#114&#105&#110&#99&#101 &#34&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#13&#10&#102&#111&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#109&#111&#114&#110&#105&#110&#103 I gathered up my belongings and had to walk back across &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#97&#115&#116&#117&#114&#101 &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#73&#13&#10&#104&#97&#100 collected the mushrooms the day &#98&#101&#102&#111&#114&#101&#46 &#73&#13&#10&#110&#111&#116&#105&#99&#101&#100 &#97 &#108&#111&#116 o <p align="left"> <H3> MUSHROOMS WITH CAPS MUSHROOMS</H3> &#73&#116 &#104&#97&#115 &#98&#101&#101&#110 suggested by an <i> identifying shrooms</i> Australian &#112&#104&#121&#115&#105&#99&#105&#97&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#108 public <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/hallucinate+mushrooms+from+horse+manure.asp" title="Hallucinate Mushrooms From Horse Manure" alt="Hallucinate Mushrooms From Horse Manure" >Hallucinate Mushrooms From Horse Manure</a> in <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/inocybe+aerugin.asp" title="Aerugin horse manure magic mushrooms Aerugin" alt="Aerugin horse manure magic mushrooms Aerugin" >Aerugin horse manure magic mushrooms Aerugin</a> &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#44 &#97&#115 <H1>MUSHROOM MAGIC MUSHROOM</H1> &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#97&#115 members &#111&#102 &#105&#116&#115 &#100&#114&#117&#103 &#117&#115&#105&#110&#103 subculture, </p> <p align="justify"> &#101&#99&#105&#97&#108&#105&#122&#101 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#117&#100&#121 of Psilocybes, despite the &#102&#97&#99&#116 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 is the most common and conspicuous species among &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#115&#46 &#65&#108&#115&#111&#44 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#108&#111&#118&#101&#114&#115 whose interests are not purely scientific (see Chapter &#55&#46&#52&#41&#13&#10&#100&#111 &#110&#111&#116 &#117&#115&#117&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#114&#118&#101 their knowledge for posterity in the &#102&#111&#114&#109 &#111&#102 &#100&#105&#115&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#109&#97&#112&#115&#46&#13&#10&#72&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 there is &#111&#110&#101 &#109&#97&#112 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#49&#57&#56&#54&#44 which shows the distribution pattern of Psilocybe semilanceata across Germany (see Figure &#50&#48&#44 &#112&#46&#13&#10&#50&#56&#41&#46&#13&#10&#65&#108&#109&#111&#115&#116 &#110&#111 &#112&#117&#98&#108&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 information is available about &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 have been found in eastern Germany.<br> During my own field trips, I have discovered &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#109&#101&#110&#115 &#105&#110 &#118&#97&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115 locations, such as &#110&#101&#97&#114 &#109&#121 &#104&#111&#109&#101&#116&#111&#119&#110 &#111&#102 Mansfeld <b></b> in the &#86&#111&#114&#104&#97&#114&#122&#13&#10&#77&#111&#117&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#44 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#114&#115&#104&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115 of &#68&#117&#98&#101&#110 &#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#97&#115&#13&#10&#105&#110 other <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magic+mushroom+picking+wales.asp" title="Magic Mushroom Picking Wales" alt="Magic Mushroom Picking Wales" >Magic Mushroom Picking Wales</a> eastern German &#109&#97&#114&#115&#104&#108&#97&#110&#100 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115&#46 &#73&#110&#13&#10&#97&#100&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#102&#114&#105&#101&#110&#100&#115 &#119&#104&#111 are &#97&#108&#115&#111 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#104&#97&#118&#101&#13&#10&#116&#111&#108&#100 &#109&#101 about finding the mushrooms in &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#13&#10&#112&#97&#114&#116&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#114&#121&#46 A &#98&#111&#111&#107 &#112&#117&#98&#108&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magic+mushroom+indentifiion+nz.asp" title="Magic Mushroom Indentifiion Nz" alt="Magic Mushroom Indentifiion Nz" >Magic Mushroom Indentifiion Nz</a> &#105&#110 &#49&#57&#53&#50 is among the &#114&#97&#114&#101 &#115&#111&#117&#114&#99&#101&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#105&#110&#99&#108&#117&#100&#101&#115 details about specimens discovered in the southeastern state of Saxony (see Figure 16, p. 23). The Psilocybe species grow most abundantly on wet pastures surrounded by forest areas.<br> In my experience, Psilocybe &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#13&#10&#103&#114&#111&#119&#115 &#105&#110 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#111&#102 Germany's forestlands.<br> &#84&#104&#101&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116&#115 &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 fall, from late September through October. It &#102&#97&#118&#111&#114&#115 &#97&#99&#105&#100&#105&#99 &#115&#111&#105&#108 &#97&#110&#100 grassy terrain alongside &#116&#114&#97&#105&#108&#115 &#111&#114 &#97&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 edges &#111&#102&#13&#10&#102&#111&#114&#101&#115&#116 &#108&#97&#110&#100&#115&#46 &#83&#112&#101&#99&#105&#109&#101&#110&#115 &#97&#114&#101 generally clustered <u> mushrooms mushrooms with with</u> in small groups of &#51&#48 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#111&#114 &#108&#101&#115&#115&#46 <u> mushrooms mushrooms with with</u> Deer droppings or other animal &#102&#101&#99&#101&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#117&#115&#117&#97&#108&#108&#121&#13&#10&#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#116 &#97&#116 those &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#44 &#101&#118&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#111&#117&#103&#104 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 never &#103&#114&#111&#119 &#100&#105&#114&#101&#99&#116&#108&#121 &#111&#110 &#116&#111&#112 of dung. Occasionally, extremely stunted specimens may be found in the mountains by the side of the road. The soil below older cow pastures provides an excellent medium for extensive mycelial growth. In some locations, large areas yield an abundance of fruiting bodies, mirroring &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#120&#116&#101&#110&#116&#13&#10&#111&#102 &#109&#121&#99&#101&#108&#105&#97&#108 &#115&#97&#116&#117&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 in the soil. Given adequate moisture, &#109&#97&#120&#105&#109&#117&#109 &#121&#105&#101&#108&#100&#115 &#99&#97&#110 &#98&#101 expected, if the pasture &#119&#97&#115 &#103&#114&#97&#122&#101&#100 &#97&#116 &#108&#101&#97&#115&#116 &#111&#110&#99&#101 during the weeks before fruiting season. &#72&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#13&#10&#97&#108&#115&#111 &#116&#104&#114&#105&#118&#101 under similar conditions on &#104&#111&#114&#115&#101 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#115&#104&#101&#101&#112 &#112&#97&#115&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115&#46 &#83&#117&#99&#104 grassy areas inside forests are &#117&#115&#117&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#103&#114&#97&#122&#105&#110&#103 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#102&#111&#114 deer, who provide the soil with additional fertilization. &#72&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#100&#111&#101&#115 &#110&#111&#116 grow in locations where &#97&#114&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99&#105&#97&#108 &#102&#101&#114&#116&#105&#108&#105&#122&#101&#114 &#104&#97&#115 &#98&#101&#101&#110 used. Such pastures are often flanked &#98&#121 &#99&#114&#101&#101&#107&#115 &#111&#114 &#115&#119&#97&#109&#112&#13&#10&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115&#44 which saturate the soil with water. During the summertime, the warm climate in &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#119&#101&#116 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115&#13&#10&#112&#114&#111&#118&#105&#100&#101&#115 &#97&#110 excellent environment for optimal mycelial growth. In Germany, the mushroom's habitat &#114&#97&#110&#103&#101&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#111&#97&#115&#116&#97&#108 areas to mountainous regions, where the species has been found at &#97&#108&#116&#105&#116&#117&#100&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#117&#112 &#116&#111 1,720 m (5,160 &#102&#116&#41 &#97&#98&#111&#118&#101&#13&#10&#115&#101&#97 &#108&#101&#118&#101&#108 &#40&#77&#84&#66&#45&#56&#52&#52&#51&#44 &#49&#57&#56&#53&#41&#46 In the former Czechoslovakia, samples &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#108&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#97&#116&#13&#10&#97&#108&#116&#105&#116&#117&#100&#101&#115 ranging from 330 to 1,000 m (1,000 - </p> The majority of adverse physical effects or negative psychological reactions produced by "magic mushrooms" generally result from inappropriate set and expectation, or because of improper dosage, which may vary considerably among consumers, different mushroom species, or even within an individual species. The question of dosage is often confused by the variation in the source of the hallucinogenic mushroom species which is consumed. For example, Psilocybe cubensis, when picked and eaten from its natural dung (manure) habitat, produces a relatively mild mindaltering experience, which is evident from the large amounts of fresh specimens needed to achieve a threshold experience. However when grown in vitro (indoor laboratory cultivation and/or illicit cultivation), Psilocybe cubensis apparently can produce a more potent strain capable of inducing a very intense visual, sometimes quite disturbing, experience. This dosage assumes that the consumption of 1 to 3 gm of dried material would be too low if the mushroom specimen came from a wild source. This low potency for Psilocybe cubensis has been confirmed by research scientists Margot & Watling, (1981), who were surprised by the comparatively small amounts of psilocybin and psilocin which they extracted from wild specimens collected from five different locations in Australia. This suggests that a much larger dose would be required to produce significant hallucinations. It is possible that the chemicals most likely degenerated between the time that they were harvested and the time of analysis. However, it should be noted that a strain of Psilocybe cubensis producing different flushes (harvests) will vary somewhat in potency between flushes. </p> <h1 id="cross-browser"> psilocybe caerulipes @ 7/30/2010 4:53:36 PM</h1> <p></p> <h1 id="stylesheets"> identifying shrooms</h1> <p> JOCHEN &#71&#65&#82&#84&#90&#13&#10&#77&#65&#71&#73&#67 &#77&#85&#83&#72&#82&#79&#79&#77&#83&#13&#10&#65&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100&#13&#10&#65 Scientific Journey Across Cultures and Time The &#67&#97&#115&#101 &#102&#111&#114 &#67&#104&#97&#108&#108&#101&#110&#103&#105&#110&#103 &#82&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 Value Systems * &#76&#73&#83 &#80&#85&#66&#76&#73&#67&#65&#84&#73&#79&#78&#83 &#42 &#76&#79&#83 &#65&#78&#71&#69&#76&#69&#83&#44 CA* Figure &#49 &#45 &#87&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#67&#111&#108&#111&#114 Painting of &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#13&#10&#40&#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#44 &#49&#57&#50&#55&#41&#13&#10&#84&#65&#66&#76&#69 &#79&#70 CONTENT &#40&#87&#105&#116&#104 &#65&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#76&#105&#110&#107&#115&#39 mushrooms magic mushrooms &#74&#117&#115&#116 Click On &#65 &#83&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116 &#84&#111 &#71&#111 &#84&#111 The Page) "Who Was the First Magician?" - &#70&#111&#114&#101&#119&#111&#114&#100 &#98&#121 &#67&#104&#114&#105&#115&#116&#105&#97&#110 &#82&#97&#116&#115&#99&#104 7 1. &#73&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#57&#13&#10&#50&#46 &#82&#101&#102&#108&#101&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#110 the History and Scientific Study of Magic Mushrooms 10 3. &#84&#104&#101 &#67&#117&#114&#114&#101&#110&#116 &#83&#116&#97&#116&#101 &#111&#102 &#75&#110&#111&#119&#108&#101&#100&#103&#101 About &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 &#83&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#49&#52&#13&#10&#51&#46&#49 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 semilanceata: The Classic Species Among European Psychotropic Mushrooms 16 3.2 Psilocybe &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115&#58 &#80&#111&#116&#101&#110&#116 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#71&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 on Wood Debris 29 3.3 Panaeolus subbalteatus: Mycology and &#77&#121&#116&#104&#115 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 &#83&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 37 3.4 Inocybe aeruginascens: Fast-Spreading New &#65&#114&#114&#105&#118&#97&#108&#115 &#52&#52&#13&#10&#51&#46&#53 &#71&#121&#109&#110&#111&#112&#105&#108&#117&#115 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#117&#114&#97&#116&#117&#115&#58 Magnificent Mushrooms from South America 51 3.6 Conocybe cyanopus: Tiny Mushrooms of Remarkable Potency &#53&#53&#13&#10&#51&#46&#55 &#80&#108&#117&#116&#101&#117&#115 &#115&#97&#108&#105&#99&#105&#110&#117&#115&#58 &#65 &#76&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101&#45&#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 Wood-Inhabiting Species 58 4. Mushroom &#73&#100&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#58 &#84&#97&#120&#111&#110&#111&#109&#105&#99 &#67&#111&#110&#102&#117&#115&#105&#111&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 Potential &#102&#111&#114 &#68&#101&#97&#100&#108&#121 &#77&#105&#115&#116&#97&#107&#101&#115 &#54&#49&#13&#10&#53&#46 The Bluing Phenomenon and Metol Testing: &#82&#101&#97&#108&#105&#116&#121 &#118&#115&#46 &#87&#105&#115&#104&#102&#117&#108 &#84&#104&#105&#110&#107&#105&#110&#103 63 6. Mushroom Cultivation: Classic Findings and New Techniques &#54&#54&#13&#10&#55&#46 &#80&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#83&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 Around the World 77 7.1 Spotlight on &#78&#111&#114&#116&#104 &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#72&#97&#119&#97&#105&#105 &#55&#57&#13&#10&#55&#46&#50 Mycophilia in Central and South America 82 7.3 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#39&#115 &#77&#121&#99&#111&#102&#108&#111&#114&#97 &#65&#116&#116&#114&#97&#99&#116&#115 &#65&#116&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110 84 7.4 European Customs and Conventions 87 7.5 Japanese Experimentation 93 7.6 Intoxications and the Oldest Known Mushroom Cult in Africa 95 7.<br>7 Usage in Southeast Asia &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104 &#80&#97&#99&#105&#102&#105&#99 Islands 98 8. Some Comments on Effects &#111&#102 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 Category Phantastika 102 9. Psychotherapy 108 10. Outlook 114 11. Bibliography 120 Index 129 Figure 2 - Psilocybe cubensis from &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#51 &#45 &#87&#97&#116&#101&#114 color &#112&#97&#105&#110&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#102 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 &#115&#117&#98&#98&#97&#108&#116&#101&#97&#116&#117&#115 (Germany, 1927). Figure 4 - Fresh &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 &#115&#117&#98&#98&#97&#108&#116&#101&#97&#116&#117&#115 <i> identifying shrooms</i> &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#46&#13&#10&#70&#79&#82&#69&#87&#79&#82&#68&#13&#10&#78&#111&#98&#111&#100&#121 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#115 &#112&#114&#101&#99&#105&#115&#101&#108&#121 &#119&#104&#101&#110 the &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#101&#109&#101&#114&#103&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109 the shadows of prehistory to enter the light &#111&#102 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#46&#13&#10&#78&#111&#98&#111&#100&#121 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#115 &#119&#104&#101&#110 the &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#13&#10&#119&#97&#115 &#101&#97&#116&#101&#110 &#98&#121 a &#104&#117&#109&#97&#110 &#98&#101&#105&#110&#103&#46 &#78&#111&#98&#111&#100&#121 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#115&#13&#10&#106&#117&#115&#116 who the first magic mushroom eater was. In seeking &#97&#110&#115&#119&#101&#114&#115 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#113&#117&#101&#115&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#44 we can only speculate. Mycophobes, however, are quick to voice their &#99&#111&#110&#118&#105&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#111&#110&#108&#121 &#97 fool &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#98&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#99&#107&#108&#101&#115&#115 &#101&#110&#111&#117&#103&#104 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/using+cow+dung+for+shrooms.asp" title="Using Cow Dung For Shrooms" alt="Using Cow Dung For Shrooms" >Using Cow Dung For Shrooms</a> &#116&#111 want to &#97&#116&#116&#97&#105&#110 &#97 &#104&#105&#103&#104&#101&#114 &#115&#116&#97&#116&#101&#13&#10&#111&#102 consciousness beyond the boundaries of everyday reality.<br> And only &#97 &#102&#111&#111&#108 &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#97&#116&#116&#101&#109&#112&#116&#13&#10&#116&#111 do this by ingesting those odd little &#116&#104&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#109&#121&#115&#116&#101&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#114&#105&#118&#101 &#111&#110 decaying, humid &#115&#111&#105&#108&#44&#13&#10&#114&#111&#116&#116&#101&#110 &#119&#111&#111&#100 &#97&#110&#100 &#109&#97&#108&#111&#100&#111&#114&#111&#117&#115 mounds of &#99&#111&#119&#13&#10&#109&#97&#110&#117&#114&#101&#46&#13&#10&#72&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#105&#99&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#44 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#104&#97&#118&#101&#13&#10&#98&#101&#101&#110 feared and hated` since antiquity: magic mushrooms were thought to be made &#102&#114&#111&#109&#13&#10&#112&#111&#105&#115&#111&#110&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#104&#97&#100 &#100&#114&#105&#112&#112&#101&#100 from &#115&#101&#114&#112&#101&#110&#116&#115&#39 &#102&#97&#110&#103&#115&#59&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101&#121 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101&#114&#101&#100 to be unclean &#101&#109&#105&#115&#115&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#101&#118&#105&#108 &#115&#112&#105&#114&#105&#116&#115&#59 &#109&#111&#114&#101&#111&#118&#101&#114&#44 mushrooms were &#97 &#107&#110 , and who gorge themselves on our tax dollars. I met Jochen Gartz shortly after the fall of the Berlin Wall at the third symposium of the European College for &#116&#104&#101 &#83&#116&#117&#100&#121 &#111&#102 &#67&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#13&#10&#40&#69&#67&#83&#67&#41 in Freiburg, Germany.<br> Our encounter was my first contact with a researcher &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#101&#114&#13&#10&#69&#97&#115&#116 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#46 Jochen Gartz's enthusiastic lecture was a truly consciousnessexpanding event, his words breaking &#100&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#114&#97&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#98&#111&#114&#100&#101&#114&#115 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#99&#114&#111&#115&#115&#105&#110&#103 over into new territory. The magic mushrooms spoke through &#104&#105&#109 &#45 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#110&#111 trace of dogma &#111&#114 &#105&#100&#101&#111&#108&#111&#103&#121 &#45 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#116&#114&#97&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110 of true &#97&#110&#97&#114&#99&#104&#121 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#105&#115 &#116&#104&#101 hallmark &#111&#102&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#46 &#87&#104&#97&#116 &#73 heard was unbelievable. Jochen spoke of &#97 &#34&#110&#101&#119&#34 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#101&#100&#101&#108&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 &#105&#116&#115 migration. The mycelia had spread in concentric circles &#111&#117&#116&#119&#97&#114&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#76&#101&#105&#112&#122&#105&#103&#44 &#106&#117&#109&#112&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#97&#108&#108 political borders. Finally, when the &#109&#121&#99&#101&#108&#105&#97&#13&#10&#114&#101&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 &#87&#101&#115&#116 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110 &#115&#111&#105&#108&#44 the hated Berlin <i> Horse Manure Magic Mushrooms</i> Wall crumbled. Could there &#112&#111&#115&#115&#105&#98&#108&#121 &#98&#101 &#97 &#99&#111&#110&#110&#101&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#98&#101&#116&#119&#101&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 evolution of &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 evolution of our consciousness? &#67&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#97&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 the &#114&#101&#115&#111&#108&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#111&#117&#114 &#112&#111&#108&#105&#116&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#99&#111&#110&#102&#108&#105&#99&#116&#115&#63&#13&#10&#73&#110 &#116&#104&#101 past, politicians, even popes, had their own jesters and &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#105&#97&#110&#115&#44 &#119&#104&#111 &#102&#117&#110&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110&#101&#100 &#97&#115&#13&#10&#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#117&#114&#101 release valves in the machinations of political &#112&#111&#119&#101&#114 &#115&#116&#114&#117&#103&#103&#108&#101&#115&#46 &#73&#116 &#105&#115 obvious that &#97&#13&#10&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#114&#121 &#119&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#99&#104&#97&#110&#99&#101&#108&#108&#111&#114 &#105&#115 being &#112&#101&#108&#116&#101&#100 &#119&#105&#116&#104&#13&#10&#101&#103&#103&#115&#44 &#117&#114&#103&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121 &#110&#101&#101&#100&#115 a &#110&#101&#119 &#98&#114&#101&#101&#100 &#111&#102 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#105&#97&#110 &#119&#104&#111&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101 able to readjust reality. But today, no &#97&#115&#112&#105&#114&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#105&#97&#110 &#115&#104&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#103&#111 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 this task without this book &#97&#115 &#97 &#103&#117&#105&#100&#101 &#102&#111&#114 the wondrous &#106&#111&#117&#114&#110&#101&#121 &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#97&#108&#109 &#111&#102 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/psilocybe+cyanescens+buy+online.asp" title="Psilocybe Cyanescens Buy Online" alt="Psilocybe Cyanescens Buy Online" >Psilocybe Cyanescens Buy Online</a> magic mushrooms. Christian Rdtsch Figure 5 - "Anthropomorphic Beings &#69&#110&#103&#97&#103&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#68&#97&#110&#99&#101&#34&#13&#10&#49&#48&#44&#48&#48&#48&#45&#121&#101&#97&#114&#45&#111&#108&#100 rock drawing in &#84&#97&#115&#115&#105&#108&#105&#44 &#83&#97&#104&#97&#114&#97 &#40&#65&#108&#103&#101&#114&#105&#97&#41&#13&#10&#67&#72&#65&#80&#84&#69&#82 &#49&#13&#10&#73 &#66&#69&#76&#73&#69&#86&#69 THE TIME HAS COME FOR A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF NEW FINDINGS FROM THE FIELDS OF MYCOLOGY, &#84&#65&#88&#79&#78&#79&#77&#89 &#65&#78&#68 &#78&#65&#84&#85&#82&#65&#76&#13&#10&#80&#82&#79&#68&#85&#67&#84&#83 &#67&#72&#69&#77&#73&#83&#84&#82&#89&#13&#10&#87&#104&#101&#110 R.G. Wasson, R. Heim and A. Hofmann began their interdisciplinary &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104&#13&#10&#112&#114&#111&#103&#114&#97&#109 &#116&#111 &#115&#116&#117&#100&#121 &#116&#104&#101 Mexican species of mushrooms and their usage in &#77&#101&#120&#105&#99&#97&#110&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#115&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#101&#102&#102&#111&#114&#116&#115 culminated in a 1958 landmark report that described the &#105&#115&#111&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#44&#13&#10&#109&#111&#108&#101&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114 &#115&#116&#114&#117&#99&#116&#117&#114&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#115&#121&#110&#116&#104&#101&#115&#105&#115 of the mushrooms' active ingredients: psilocybin and psilocin. Several years later, these substances were &#97&#108&#115&#111 &#105&#100&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#97 species of mushroom in Europe, Psilocybe semilanceata, which became the first in a series of newly discovered species. Since then, psychoactive mushrooms from other genera have been reported with &#105&#110&#99&#114&#101&#97&#115&#105&#110&#103 &#102&#114&#101&#113&#117&#101&#110&#99&#121&#46&#13&#10&#65&#115 &#112&#97&#114&#116 &#111&#102 &#109&#121 &#97&#110&#97&#108&#121&#116&#105&#99&#97&#108 work dedicated to the identification of naturally occurring chemicals, &#73 &#104&#97&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#103&#111&#111&#100 &#102&#111&#114&#116&#117&#110&#101 to &#98&#101 &#112&#97&#114&#116 &#111&#102 &#97&#13&#10&#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104 team that studied alkaloids found in &#97&#13&#10&#118&#97&#114&#105&#101&#116&#121 &#111&#102 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 Now &#73 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#116&#105&#109&#101 &#104&#97&#115 come for a &#99&#111&#109&#112&#114&#101&#104&#101&#110&#115&#105&#118&#101 &#114&#101&#118&#105&#101&#119 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#110&#101&#119 &#102&#105&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103&#115 from &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#101&#108&#100&#115 &#111&#102 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#121&#44&#13&#10&#116&#97&#120&#111&#110&#111&#109&#121 &#97&#110&#100 natural products &#99&#104&#101&#109&#105&#115&#116&#114&#121&#46&#13&#10&#87&#97&#115&#115&#111&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#104&#105&#115 &#115&#117&#99&#99&#101&#115&#115&#111&#114&#115 have already provided detailed accounts pertaining &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#104&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#121 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#115&#116&#117&#100&#121 of &#116&#104&#101 &#77&#101 <p align="center"> JOCHEN GARTZ MAGIC &#77&#85&#83&#72&#82&#79&#79&#77&#83&#13&#10&#65&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100&#13&#10&#65 &#83&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99 Journey Across Cultures and Time The Case for Challenging Research and &#86&#97&#108&#117&#101 &#83&#121&#115&#116&#101&#109&#115&#13&#10&#42 &#76&#73&#83 &#80&#85&#66&#76&#73&#67&#65&#84&#73&#79&#78&#83 &#42 LOS ANGELES, CA* Figure 1 - Water Color Painting of Psilocybe semilanceata (Germany, 1927) TABLE OF CONTENT (With Active Links' Just Click On A Subject To Go &#84&#111 &#84&#104&#101 &#80&#97&#103&#101&#41&#13&#10&#34&#87&#104&#111 &#87&#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101 First &#77&#97&#103&#105&#99&#105&#97&#110&#63&#34 &#45 &#70&#111&#114&#101&#119&#111&#114&#100 &#98&#121 Christian Ratsch 7 1. &#73&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#57&#13&#10&#50&#46 &#82&#101&#102&#108&#101&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#110 the &#72&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#121 &#97&#110&#100 &#83&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99 &#83&#116&#117&#100&#121 &#111&#102 Magic Mushrooms 10 3. The Current State of Knowledge About &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 &#83&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#49&#52&#13&#10&#51&#46&#49 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#58 The Classic Species Among European Psychotropic Mushrooms 16 3.<br>2 Psilocybe cyanescens: Potent Mushrooms Growing on &#87&#111&#111&#100 &#68&#101&#98&#114&#105&#115 &#50&#57&#13&#10&#51&#46&#51 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 subbalteatus: Mycology &#97&#110&#100 &#77&#121&#116&#104&#115 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#101 Panaeolus Species 37 3.4 Inocybe aeruginascens: Fast-Spreading New Arrivals 44 3.5 Gymnopilus purpuratus: Magnificent Mushrooms from South America &#53&#49&#13&#10&#51&#46&#54 &#67&#111&#110&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#111&#112&#117&#115&#58 &#84&#105&#110&#121 Mushrooms of Remarkable Potency 55 3.<br>7 Pluteus salicinus: A Little-known <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/hallucinatemushroomsfromhorsemanure.asp" title="Hallucinatemushroomsfromhorsemanure" alt="Hallucinatemushroomsfromhorsemanure" >Hallucinatemushroomsfromhorsemanure</a> &#87&#111&#111&#100&#45&#73&#110&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#83&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#53&#56&#13&#10&#52&#46 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 Identification: &#84&#97&#120&#111&#110&#111&#109&#105&#99 &#67&#111&#110&#102&#117&#115&#105&#111&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 Potential for Deadly Mistakes 61 5. The Bluing Phenomenon &#97&#110&#100 &#77&#101&#116&#111&#108 &#84&#101&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103&#58 &#82&#101&#97&#108&#105&#116&#121 vs. Wishful Thinking 63 6. Mushroom &#67&#117&#108&#116&#105&#118&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#58 &#67&#108&#97&#115&#115&#105&#99 &#70&#105&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#97&#110&#100 New Techniques 66 7.<br> Psychotropic Mushroom Species &#65&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100 &#55&#55&#13&#10&#55&#46&#49 Spotlight on &#78&#111&#114&#116&#104 &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#72&#97&#119&#97&#105&#105 79 7.2 Mycophilia &#105&#110 &#67&#101&#110&#116&#114&#97&#108 &#97&#110&#100 &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104 America &#56&#50&#13&#10&#55&#46&#51 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#39&#115 &#77&#121&#99&#111&#102&#108&#111&#114&#97 &#65&#116&#116&#114&#97&#99&#116&#115 Attention 84 7.4 European Customs and Conventions 87 7.5 Japanese Experimentation 93 7.6 Intoxications and the Oldest &#75&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#67&#117&#108&#116 &#105&#110 Africa 95 7.7 &#85&#115&#97&#103&#101 &#105&#110 &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104&#101&#97&#115&#116 &#65&#115&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 the South Pacific Islands &#57&#56&#13&#10&#56&#46 &#83&#111&#109&#101 &#67&#111&#109&#109&#101&#110&#116&#115 &#111&#110 Effects <u> magic mushrooms spores</u> of Mushrooms from the Category &#80&#104&#97&#110&#116&#97&#115&#116&#105&#107&#97 &#49&#48&#50&#13&#10&#57&#46 &#80&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#97&#112&#121 &#49&#48&#56&#13&#10&#49&#48&#46 Outlook 114 11. Bibliography &#49&#50&#48&#13&#10&#73&#110&#100&#101&#120 &#49&#50&#57&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#50 &#45 Psilocybe cubensis from Australia Figure 3 - &#87&#97&#116&#101&#114 <b> Identifying Shrooms</b> &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114 &#112&#97&#105&#110&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#102 Panaeolus subbalteatus &#40&#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#44 &#49&#57&#50&#55&#41&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#52 &#45 &#70&#114&#101&#115&#104 Panaeolus subbalteatus mushrooms. FOREWORD Nobody knows precisely when the &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#101&#109&#101&#114&#103&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109 the shadows of prehistory to enter &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#105&#103&#104&#116 &#111&#102 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#46&#13&#10&#78&#111&#98&#111&#100&#121 knows when the first magic &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#13&#10&#119&#97&#115 &#101&#97&#116&#101&#110 &#98&#121 &#97 human being. Nobody knows just who the first magic mushroom eater &#119&#97&#115&#46 &#73&#110&#13&#10&#115&#101&#101&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#97&#110&#115&#119&#101&#114&#115 &#116&#111 these questions, we &#99&#97&#110 &#111&#110&#108&#121&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#117&#108&#97&#116&#101&#46 &#77&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#111&#98&#101&#115&#44 &#104&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 are &#113&#117&#105&#99&#107 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#118&#111&#105&#99&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#99&#111&#110&#118&#105&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 magic mushrooms spores that &#111&#110&#108&#121 &#97 &#102&#111&#111&#108 &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 be reckless enough to &#119&#97&#110&#116 &#116&#111 <u> magic mushrooms spores</u> &#97&#116&#116&#97&#105&#110 &#97 higher state of &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115 &#98&#101&#121&#111&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#111&#117&#110&#100&#97&#114&#105&#101&#115 of everyday reality. And only a fool would &#97&#116&#116&#101&#109&#112&#116&#13&#10&#116&#111 &#100&#111 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#98&#121 ingesting <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/libertycapmushroomsuk.asp" title="Libertycapmushroomsuk" alt="Libertycapmushroomsuk" >Libertycapmushroomsuk</a> those odd little things that mysteriously thrive on decaying, humid soil, rotten wood and malodorous mounds of cow manure. Historically, magic, mushrooms have been feared and hated` since antiquity: magic mushrooms were thought to &#98&#101 &#109&#97&#100&#101 &#102&#114&#111&#109&#13&#10&#112&#111&#105&#115&#111&#110&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 had dripped from serpents' fangs; they were &#99&#111&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#98&#101 &#117&#110&#99&#108&#101&#97&#110 &#101&#109&#105&#115&#115&#105&#111&#110&#115 of evil &#115&#112&#105&#114&#105&#116&#115&#59 &#109&#111&#114&#101&#111&#118&#101&#114&#44 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 a kn </p> ed and large numbers &#111&#102 &#115&#116&#117&#100&#105&#101&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#110&#100&#117&#99&#116&#101&#100&#44&#13&#10&#112&#114&#105&#109&#97&#114&#105&#108&#121 with &#76&#83&#68&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#105&#110&#118&#101&#115&#116&#105&#103&#97&#116&#111&#114&#115 &#115&#111&#117&#103&#104&#116 to discover the receptor binding sites for hallucinogenic compounds in the brain &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#117&#110&#100&#101&#114&#115&#116&#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#101&#99&#104&#97&#110&#105&#115&#109&#115 underlying the genesis of psychedelic visions.<br> Today, &#119&#101 &#115&#116&#105&#108&#108&#13&#10&#108&#97&#99&#107 &#97 &#115&#111&#117&#110&#100 theoretical framework able to explain the relationship between chemical compounds and the manifestation of their psychoactivity. Even though &#98&#97&#115&#105&#99 &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#99&#101&#114&#116&#97&#105&#110&#108&#121 &#105&#109&#112&#111&#114&#116&#97&#110&#116&#44 its methods, unfortunately, are often a function of a rather one-sided pharmacological approach to investigating the effects of psilocybin, LSD and &#109&#101&#115&#99&#97&#108&#105&#110&#101 &#45 &#97&#110&#13&#10&#97&#112&#112&#114&#111&#97&#99&#104 &#116&#104&#97&#116 is, in &#102&#97&#99&#116&#44 &#116&#111&#111 &#110&#97&#114&#114&#111&#119 &#116&#111 address the remarkably unusual nature of these substances and their effects. Misunderstandings &#98&#101&#116&#119&#101&#101&#110 &#112&#104&#97&#114&#109&#97&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 &#116&#111&#120&#105&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#111&#110 the &#111&#110&#101 &#104&#97&#110&#100 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#105&#97&#116&#114&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#97&#110&#100 psychologists on the &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#99&#97&#110&#13&#10&#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#98&#101 &#116&#114&#97&#99&#101&#100 all the way back to the 1950's, creating a legacy of &#100&#105&#115&#112&#117&#116&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#114&#103&#117&#109&#101&#110&#116&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#104&#97&#118&#101 yet to be resolved.<br> S. Grof undertook the tedious task of analyzing 5,000 experimental LSD protocols in an effort to isolate "absolute" symptoms that are reported or occur all &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#116&#105&#109&#101&#46 &#72&#105&#115 &#114&#101&#115&#117&#108&#116&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 negative. According to Grof, hallucinogenic substances &#97&#114&#101 &#110&#111&#110&#45&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#102&#105&#99 &#116&#114&#105&#103&#103&#101&#114&#115&#13&#10&#99&#97&#117&#115&#105&#110&#103 &#97 sequence of altered states &#111&#102&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#100&#111 &#110&#111&#116 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/mario+shrooms.asp" title="Mario Shrooms" alt="Mario Shrooms" >Mario Shrooms</a> &#102&#105&#116 &#116&#104&#101 syndrome labeled "toxic psychosis".<br> Rather, it is &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#105&#110&#100&#105&#118&#105&#100&#117&#97&#108&#39&#115 &#112&#101&#114&#115&#111&#110&#97&#108&#105&#116&#121&#44 &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#119&#105&#116&#104 the experimental setting that significantly shape the nature of the psychedelic experience. This view is shared by a majority of experts with considerable experience in conducting psychedelics-assisted psychotherapy. &#69&#118&#101&#110 &#34&#114&#101&#97&#108&#34 &#115&#111&#109&#97&#116&#105&#99 &#115&#121&#109&#112&#116&#111&#109&#115&#44&#13&#10&#115&#117&#99&#104 as nausea or vomiting, can often be controlled through psychological &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#118&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#116&#101&#99&#104&#110&#105&#113&#117&#101&#115&#13&#10&#97&#100&#109&#105&#110&#105&#115&#116&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#116&#114&#97&#105&#110&#101&#100 professionals.<br> A Plethora of Names The broad range of &#112&#111&#115&#115&#105&#98&#108&#101 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115&#13&#10&#105&#110&#115&#112&#105&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#117&#115&#101 of labels &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#97&#110&#13&#10&#34&#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#115&#34&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#108&#121 differing semantic connotations: entheogens, psychedelics, illusionogens, psycholytics, psychomimetics, psychodysleptica, psychoemetics and others.<br> "Phantastica" (Lewin) <H3> magic season season</H3> is the oldest label ever used to describe this class &#111&#102 &#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#105&#115&#13&#10&#116&#101&#114&#109 &#115&#117&#99&#99&#101&#115&#115&#102&#117&#108&#108&#121 evokes dream-like, &#102&#97&#110&#99&#105&#102&#117&#108&#13&#10&#97&#115&#112&#101&#99&#116&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#44 as well as the potential for euphoric and dysphoric emotional overtones. More recent terminology often says more &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116&#13&#10&#115&#101&#109&#97&#110&#116&#105&#99 &#98&#105&#97&#115&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 who use &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#97&#98&#101&#108&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#110&#13&#10&#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#97&#110&#121 factual, &#111&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#99&#104&#97&#114&#97&#99&#116&#101&#114&#105&#115&#116&#105&#99&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#97&#108&#107&#97&#108&#111&#105&#100&#115 they <i> horse manure magic mushrooms</i> &#114&#101&#102&#101&#114 &#116&#111&#46 &#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103&#108&#121&#44 &#111&#102&#102&#105&#99&#105&#97&#108 &#97&#110&#116&#105&#100&#114&#117&#103&#13&#10&#112&#114&#111&#112&#97&#103&#97&#110&#100&#97 since the 1960's has disparaged "psychedelics" as excessively glamorous and too &#112&#111&#115&#105&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#97 &#108&#97&#98&#101&#108&#44 &#97&#115&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 term &#119&#97&#115 &#112&#111&#112&#117&#108&#97&#114 &#97&#109&#111&#110&#103 &#84&#105&#109&#111&#116&#104&#121 Leary's fans and &#115&#117&#112&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#114&#115&#46&#13&#10&#87&#104&#101&#110 <H3> Psilocybe Caerulipes</H3> &#117&#115&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#108&#111&#119 doses <b> blue meanies pictures shrooms</b> &#111&#114 &#102&#111&#114 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116&#13&#10&#116&#105&#109&#101&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101&#115 are most likely &#116&#111 &#98&#114&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#97 &#107&#105&#110&#100 &#111&#102 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108 transformation &#111&#102&#13&#10&#115&#117&#114&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103&#115&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97 &#104&#101&#105&#103&#104&#116&#101&#110&#101&#100 ability to perceive subtle differences along the color spectru xican mushroom species, so that these materials need not be repeated in this context. However, certain aspects concerning the more recent uses of these mushrooms as well as their conditions of growth will receive more detailed attention in later chapters. The main purpose of this book is to inspire further study of these mushrooms, particularly basic research efforts and medical applications of magic mushroom ingredients. The extensive bibliography will help scientists and other interested mycophiles to further immerse themselves in this complex area of study. Jochen Gartz Figure 6 - Bronze doors with mushroom motif entitled "Trial and Judgment" at Hildesheim Cathedral, Germany (ca. 1020). CHAPTER 2 REFLECTIONS ON THE HISTORY AND SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF MAGIC MUSHROOMS It is remarkable that cultures native to the American continent knew about a relatively large number of natural mind-altering substances compared to early cultures that evolved in Europe or Asia. Botanical evidence does not support the notion that Europe is home to fewer hallucinogenic plants than other regions. Furthermore, the growing number of recently discovered European mushroom species containing psilocybin indicate a flourishing psychotropic mycoflora in Europe similar to those found in other countries. It is unlikely that early European cultures learned less about local plants and mushrooms through usage and experience than cultures elsewhere in the world. Most likely, early cultural knowledge of European psychoactive plants and mushrooms was lost or destroyed at some time in history, probably as early as several hundred years ago. The discovery that the fly agaric mushroom (Amanita muscaria) was known for its psychoactive properties in Siberia invited the conclusion that this mushroom was used as a psychotropic agent in medieval Europe as well. In fact, there is very little evidence from the Middle Ages to indicate widespread knowledge of the effects of specific mushrooms on human consciousness. However, I believe that past reports on psychoactive mushrooms were causally linked to Amanita muscaria simply because this was the only known psychotropic mushroom in Europe at that time. While the usage of Amanita muscaria among Siberian tribes has generated reports of spectacular hallucinations, European accounts of fly agaric intoxications do not generally include descriptions of such intensely hallucinatory effects. Accordingly, the potent hallucinogenic effects of specific Psilocybes and related species are likely to have had a much more significant influence on early European cultures than the delirium-like visions induced by Amanita muscaria, a species that is also known to induce unconsciousness and severe somatic side effects. This hypothesis is corroborated by data from comprehensive field studies conducted in Mexico. I believe that historic accounts including those described below - indicate a knowledge of and familiarity with psychotropic mushrooms in Europe that is most likely derived from usage of Psilocybes and related species, rather than experience with Amanita muscaria. However, it is extremely difficult to reject or confirm this hypothesis, due to the lack of conclusive data available for analysis today. Bwyd Ellylon: A Feast of Fairies in Celebration of the Spirit World Tales of ritualistic mushroom usage have found their way into the realm of myths and legends. For instance, one legend describes a peculiar poisonous mushroom in Wales (British Isles) with the strange name of Bwyd Ellylon, which was considered a delicacy by fairies feasting in celebration of the spirit world. Psilocybe semilanceata is the most important psilocybincontaining mushroom in Europe and it thrives in parts of Great Britain, where the mushroom grows abundantly all across the Welsh countryside during fall season. I would like to thank G. Samorini for pointing out that the Inquisition was unusually cruel and vicious in the Alpine valleys of Valcamonica, Valtrompia and Valtellina (located in the provinces of Brescia and Sandrio in Northern Italy). Many books chronicle countless witch burnings in that region, with particular emphasis on the witches' meetings at the "Monte del Tonale", located at an altitude of 2000 m (ca. 6,000 ft). Field research has shown that plants of the nightshade family ("witching herbs") do not grow at this altitude; even the fly agaric mushroom is rarely found there. By contrast, pastures in the area abound with Psilocybe semilanceata during the fall. Given this historical context, it would seem likely that Psilocybe semilanceata played an important role as a psychotropic agent in the region (see Figure 58, Chapter 7.4). In light of medieval accounts describing the practice of witchcraft, it is interesting to note that a subjective sensation of flying or levitation is among the commonly reported effects of psilocybin intoxication. Berserk Rage of Nordic Warriors In the course of the ideological power struggle between Christianity and the remnants of pagan religions that worshipped Nature, many sources of knowledge were lost. The aggressive repression and eradication of pre-Christian customs all but destroyed the continuity of Europe's original cultural heritage, along with much historic evidence documenting early cultural practices, including the usage of plants and mushrooms for the purpose of temporary alterations of consciousness. Some authors went so far as to blame the fly agaric mushroom for proverbial fits of "berserk rage" attributed to Nordic warriors. Many accounts detailing this phenomenon allude to a "deception of the eyes" (i.e. visual hallucinations). After the Nordic legal system banished the practice of "going berserk", it disappeared quite suddenly during the 12th century. At about the same time, Saxo Grammaticus speculated that the Berserkers may have used mag xican mushroom species, so that these materials need not be repeated in this context. However, certain aspects concerning the more recent uses of these mushrooms as well as their conditions of growth will receive more detailed attention in later chapters. The main purpose of this book is to inspire further study of these mushrooms, particularly basic research efforts and medical applications of magic mushroom ingredients. The extensive bibliography will help scientists and other interested mycophiles to further immerse themselves in this complex area of study. Jochen Gartz Figure 6 - Bronze doors with mushroom motif entitled "Trial and Judgment" at Hildesheim Cathedral, Germany (ca. 1020). CHAPTER 2 REFLECTIONS ON THE HISTORY AND SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF MAGIC MUSHROOMS It is remarkable that cultures native to the American continent knew about a relatively large number of natural mind-altering substances compared to early cultures that evolved in Europe or Asia. Botanical evidence does not support the notion that Europe is home to fewer hallucinogenic plants than other regions. Furthermore, the growing number of recently discovered European mushroom species containing psilocybin indicate a flourishing psychotropic mycoflora in Europe similar to those found in other countries. It is unlikely that early European cultures learned less about local plants and mushrooms through usage and experience than cultures elsewhere in the world. Most likely, early cultural knowledge of European psychoactive plants and mushrooms was lost or destroyed at some time in history, probably as early as several hundred years ago. The discovery that the fly agaric mushroom (Amanita muscaria) was known for its psychoactive properties in Siberia invited the conclusion that this mushroom was used as a psychotropic agent in medieval Europe as well. In fact, there is very little evidence from the Middle Ages to indicate widespread knowledge of the effects of specific mushrooms on human consciousness. However, I believe that past reports on psychoactive mushrooms were causally linked to Amanita muscaria simply because this was the only known psychotropic mushroom in Europe at that time. While the usage of Amanita muscaria among Siberian tribes has generated reports of spectacular hallucinations, European accounts of fly agaric intoxications do not generally include descriptions of such intensely hallucinatory effects. Accordingly, the potent hallucinogenic effects of specific Psilocybes and related species are likely to have had a much more significant influence on early European cultures than the delirium-like visions induced by Amanita muscaria, a species that is also known to induce unconsciousness and severe somatic side effects. This hypothesis is corroborated by data from comprehensive field studies conducted in Mexico. I believe that historic accounts including those described below - indicate a knowledge of </p> <p> , and who &#103&#111&#114&#103&#101&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101&#109&#115&#101&#108&#118&#101&#115 &#111&#110 &#111&#117&#114 &#116&#97&#120 dollars.<br> I met Jochen Gartz shortly after the fall &#111&#102&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#66&#101&#114&#108&#105&#110 &#87&#97&#108&#108 &#97&#116 the &#116&#104&#105&#114&#100 &#115&#121&#109&#112&#111&#115&#105&#117&#109 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 College &#102&#111&#114 &#116&#104&#101 &#83&#116&#117&#100&#121 &#111&#102 Consciousness (ECSC) in &#70&#114&#101&#105&#98&#117&#114&#103&#44 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#46 &#79&#117&#114 &#101&#110&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#101&#114 was my &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#97&#99&#116 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97 &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104&#101&#114 from the former East Germany. Jochen Gartz's enthusiastic lecture was a truly consciousnessexpanding &#101&#118&#101&#110&#116&#44 &#104&#105&#115&#13&#10&#119&#111&#114&#100&#115 &#98&#114&#101&#97&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#100&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#114&#97&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#98&#111&#114&#100&#101&#114&#115 and crossing over &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#110&#101&#119 &#116&#101&#114&#114&#105&#116&#111&#114&#121&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 spoke through him &#45 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#110&#111 &#116&#114&#97&#99&#101 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#100&#111&#103&#109&#97 or ideology - in the tradition of true &#97&#110&#97&#114&#99&#104&#121 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#105&#115 &#116&#104&#101 hallmark of mushroom &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#46 &#87&#104&#97&#116 &#73 &#104&#101&#97&#114&#100 was &#117&#110&#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#97&#98&#108&#101&#46&#13&#10&#74&#111&#99&#104&#101&#110 &#115&#112&#111&#107&#101 &#111&#102 &#97 "new" psychedelic mushroom and its &#109&#105&#103&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#109&#121&#99&#101&#108&#105&#97 &#104&#97&#100 spread in concentric circles outward from Leipzig, jumping all political borders. &#70&#105&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#121&#99&#101&#108&#105&#97&#13&#10&#114&#101&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 West German soil, the hated Berlin Wall crumbled. Could &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#112&#111&#115&#115&#105&#98&#108&#121 &#98&#101 &#97 connection between the evolution of the magic &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#101&#118&#111&#108&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 our consciousness? <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/usingcowdungforshrooms.asp" title="Usingcowdungforshrooms" alt="Usingcowdungforshrooms" >Usingcowdungforshrooms</a> Could a mushroom have contributed to the resolution of our political conflicts? In the past, politicians, &#101&#118&#101&#110 &#112&#111&#112&#101&#115&#44 &#104&#97&#100&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#111&#119&#110 &#106&#101&#115&#116&#101&#114&#115 and magicians, who functioned &#97&#115&#13&#10&#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#117&#114&#101 &#114&#101&#108&#101&#97&#115&#101 &#118&#97&#108&#118&#101&#115 &#105&#110 the machinations of political power struggles.<br> It is obvious that &#97&#13&#10&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#114&#121 &#119&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#99&#104&#97&#110&#99&#101&#108&#108&#111&#114 &#105&#115 being pelted with eggs, urgently needs a new breed of magician who are able &#116&#111 &#114&#101&#97&#100&#106&#117&#115&#116 &#114&#101&#97&#108&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#66&#117&#116 &#116&#111&#100&#97&#121&#44 no aspiring magician should &#103&#111 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#116&#97&#115&#107 without this book as a guide for the &#119&#111&#110&#100&#114&#111&#117&#115 &#106&#111&#117&#114&#110&#101&#121 &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#97&#108&#109 of magic &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#46&#13&#10&#67&#104&#114&#105&#115&#116&#105&#97&#110 &#82&#100&#116&#115&#99&#104&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#53 &#45 "Anthropomorphic Beings Engaged in Mushroom Dance" 10,000-year-old rock drawing in Tassili, Sahara (Algeria) CHAPTER &#49&#13&#10&#73 &#66&#69&#76&#73&#69&#86&#69 &#84&#72&#69 &#84&#73&#77&#69 HAS COME FOR A COMPREHENSIVE &#82&#69&#86&#73&#69&#87 &#79&#70 &#78&#69&#87&#13&#10&#70&#73&#78&#68&#73&#78&#71&#83 &#70&#82&#79&#77 THE FIELDS OF MYCOLOGY, TAXONOMY &#65&#78&#68 &#78&#65&#84&#85&#82&#65&#76&#13&#10&#80&#82&#79&#68&#85&#67&#84&#83 &#67&#72&#69&#77&#73&#83&#84&#82&#89&#13&#10&#87&#104&#101&#110 &#82&#46&#71&#46 Wasson, R. Heim and A.<br> Hofmann began &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#100&#105&#115&#99&#105&#112&#108&#105&#110&#97&#114&#121 &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104&#13&#10&#112&#114&#111&#103&#114&#97&#109 &#116&#111 study the &#77&#101&#120&#105&#99&#97&#110 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#110&#100 their &#117&#115&#97&#103&#101 &#105&#110 &#77&#101&#120&#105&#99&#97&#110&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#115&#44 their &#101&#102&#102&#111&#114&#116&#115 &#99&#117&#108&#109&#105&#110&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#97&#13&#10&#49&#57&#53&#56 &#108&#97&#110&#100&#109&#97&#114&#107 report that described the isolation, molecular structure and &#115&#121&#110&#116&#104&#101&#115&#105&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#39 &#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 <b> panaeolus subbalteatus spore print</b> ingredients: psilocybin and psilocin. Several years later, &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101&#115&#13&#10&#119&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#108&#115&#111 &#105&#100&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#101&#100 in a species &#111&#102 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#44 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#44 which &#98&#101&#99&#97&#109&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#105&#110 &#97 series of &#110&#101&#119&#108&#121 &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#83&#105&#110&#99&#101&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101&#110&#44 psychoactive &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#13&#10&#104&#97&#118&#101 been reported with increasing frequency. As part of my analytical work &#100&#101&#100&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101&#100&#13&#10&#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#105&#100&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 naturally &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114&#114&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#99&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97&#108&#115&#44 &#73 &#104&#97&#100 &#116&#104&#101 good fortune to &#98&#101 &#112&#97&#114&#116 &#111&#102 &#97&#13&#10&#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104 &#116&#101&#97&#109 &#116&#104&#97&#116 studied &#97&#108&#107&#97&#108&#111&#105&#100&#115 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#105&#110 &#97&#13&#10&#118&#97&#114&#105&#101&#116&#121 of mushroom &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#78&#111&#119 &#73 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#116&#105&#109&#101 &#104&#97&#115 come for a comprehensive &#114&#101&#118&#105&#101&#119 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#110&#101&#119 &#102&#105&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#101&#108&#100&#115 of &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#121&#44&#13&#10&#116&#97&#120&#111&#110&#111&#109&#121 &#97&#110&#100 &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108 &#112&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#116&#115 chemistry. Wasson and his successors have already &#112&#114&#111&#118&#105&#100&#101&#100&#13&#10&#100&#101&#116&#97&#105&#108&#101&#100 &#97&#99&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#115 &#112&#101&#114&#116&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 history and study of the &#77&#101 <p align="left"> own cause of death and disease, bloated &#115&#116&#111&#109&#97&#99&#104&#115 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#105&#110&#115&#97&#110&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#66&#101&#108&#105&#101&#102&#115 &#115&#117&#99&#104 as &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#115&#117&#114&#118&#105&#118&#101&#100 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 present day. They persist, for example,,, as figures &#111&#102 &#115&#112&#101&#101&#99&#104&#44 &#115 &#117 c h &#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#108&#105&#99&#107 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#110&#13&#10&#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#112&#116&#105&#111&#110 of a &#115&#111&#99&#105&#101&#116&#97&#108 &#109&#105&#115&#102&#105&#116 &#97&#115 &#115&#111&#109&#101&#111&#110&#101 "who ate those madness-inducing mushrooms." But, there is another, very different, magic &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#108&#101&#103&#97&#99&#121 &#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108&#46&#13&#10&#70&#108&#101&#115&#104 of the Gods for Devil Worshippers The Old &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100&#46 &#77&#121&#99&#101&#110&#97&#101&#97&#110 &#99&#105&#118&#105&#108&#105&#122&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#98&#101&#103&#97&#110 &#119&#105&#116&#104 a &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#116&#114&#105&#112 &#45&#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101&#13&#10&#97&#110 &#105&#110&#103&#114&#101&#100&#105&#101&#110&#116 in the ambrosia &#111&#102 &#68&#105&#111&#110&#121&#115&#117&#115&#46&#13&#10&#80&#111&#114&#112&#104&#121&#114&#105&#117&#115&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#117&#114&#116&#104 century Latin poet and contemporary of &#69&#109&#112&#101&#114&#111&#114 &#75&#111&#110&#115&#116&#97&#110&#116&#105&#110&#44 &#107&#110&#101&#119&#13&#10&#116&#104&#97&#116 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 mushrooms were the children of the gods. WHO &#87&#65&#83 &#84&#72&#69 &#70&#73&#82&#83&#84 &#77&#65&#71&#73&#67&#73&#65&#78&#63&#13&#10&#65 quasi-cannibalistic &#114&#105&#116&#117&#97&#108&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#97&#99&#116 &#111&#102 eating the children of the gods unlocked &#111&#110&#101&#39&#115 &#112&#111&#119&#101&#114 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#116&#104&#101 truly divine.<br> But not all mushrooms enable human &#98&#101&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#116&#111 &#101&#110&#116&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#97&#108&#109 of divine &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#112&#111&#119&#101&#114&#13&#10&#114&#101&#115&#105&#100&#101&#115 in only &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#97&#115 "fool's mushrooms", which were &#99&#111&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#112&#111&#105&#115&#111&#110&#111&#117&#115&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#101&#100 &#116&#111 be the spawn of the Devil throughout the &#108&#97&#116&#101 &#77&#105&#100&#100&#108&#101 &#65&#103&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#105&#110&#116&#111&#13&#10&#109&#111&#100&#101&#114&#110 times. The New World: &#84&#104&#101 &#65&#122&#116&#101&#99&#115 &#105&#110 &#77&#101&#120&#105&#99&#111&#13&#10&#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#114&#101&#100 to a number of &#115&#109&#97&#108&#108&#44 &#105&#110&#99&#111&#110&#115&#112&#105&#99&#117&#111&#117&#115&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#115 &#116&#101&#111&#110&#97&#114&#116&#97&#99&#97&#116&#108&#44 or &#34&#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#71&#111&#100&#115&#46&#34 &#84&#104&#101&#115&#101 sacred mushrooms were eaten during the <i> magic mushroom season</i> course &#111&#102 &#114&#105&#116&#117&#97&#108&#115 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#110&#100&#101&#100 &#116&#111 contact the Gods &#105&#110 &#111&#114&#100&#101&#114 &#116&#111 &#108&#101&#97&#114&#110 about the world and the realm of the divine. These magic mushroom rituals &#116&#104&#111&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 &#115&#112&#111&#111&#107&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#67&#97&#116&#104&#111&#108&#105&#99&#13&#10&#83&#112&#97&#110&#105&#97&#114&#100&#115&#46 The mushroom eaters, &#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110&#108&#121&#13&#10&#116&#104&#111&#117&#103&#104&#116 &#111&#102 &#97&#115 &#68&#101&#118&#105&#108 &#119&#111&#114&#115&#104&#105&#112&#112&#101&#114&#115&#44 were hounded by the Inquisition. Still, all good &#116&#104&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#115&#117&#114&#118&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#116&#101&#115&#116&#115 &#111&#102 time, so the cult of magic mushroom eaters did &#110&#111&#116 &#98&#101&#99&#111&#109&#101 &#101&#120&#116&#105&#110&#99&#116&#46 &#76&#105&#107&#101 mycelia underground, the &#99&#117&#108&#116 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#117&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#102&#108&#111&#117&#114&#105&#115&#104&#44 and at the <u> compare shrooms varieties colorful vs euphoric</u> proper time in recorded history, in 1957, the fruit of the fully grown mushroom re-surfaced to draw &#119&#105&#100&#101&#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100 &#112&#117&#98&#108&#105&#99 &#97&#116&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 &#86&#97&#108&#101&#110&#116&#105&#110&#101&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 Gordon Wasson became the heroes of the modern neo-mycophilic &#109&#111&#118&#101&#109&#101&#110&#116&#46&#13&#10&#66&#97&#99&#107 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#79&#108&#100 World: The &#114&#101&#118&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 &#105&#110&#115&#105&#103&#104&#116&#115 &#103&#97&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 use of &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#115&#111 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108&#108&#121 wonderful, that our &#110&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 &#34&#102&#111&#111&#108&#39&#115 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#34 - which were &#103&#101&#110&#101 &#59 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#101&#100&#105&#98&#108&#101 - had to &#98&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#99&#111&#103&#110&#105&#122&#101&#100 &#97&#115 &#99&#108&#111&#115&#101&#108&#121 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#101&#100 to the magic mushrooms of Mexico, the flesh of the Aztec Gods.<br> &#84&#104&#101 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/Figure22Psilocybebohemicarhizomorphsgrowingonwetcardboard.asp" title="Figure22psilocybebohemicarhizomorphsgrowingonwetcardboard" alt="Figure22psilocybebohemicarhizomorphsgrowingonwetcardboard" >Figure22psilocybebohemicarhizomorphsgrowingonwetcardboard</a> &#115&#111&#117&#108&#115 &#111&#102 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 mushrooms in &#77&#101&#120&#105&#99&#111&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121 &#97&#114&#101 &#101&#115&#115&#101&#110&#116&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 made from &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#97&#109&#101&#13&#10&#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101&#58 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#46&#13&#10&#74&#111&#99&#104&#101&#110 &#71&#97&#114&#116&#122 has made an extraordinary contribution to the field &#111&#102 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#121 &#98&#121 &#101&#109&#98&#114&#97&#99&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#39&#115 magic mushrooms and the &#115&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99&#13&#10&#115&#116&#117&#100&#121 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#101&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#102 these fungi. The research efforts &#117&#112&#111&#110 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#98&#111&#111&#107 is based require nothing less than a fearless, brave and &#99&#111&#117&#114&#97&#103&#101&#111&#117&#115&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#44 &#102&#114&#101&#101 &#111&#102 &#112&#114&#101&#106&#117&#100&#105&#99&#101 and mycophobia. I am convinced that a researcher's consciousness infused &#98&#121 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#105&#114&#105&#116 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 magic mushroom is capable of far deeper scientific insights than we can &#101&#118&#101&#114 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#99&#116 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/growing+shrooms+from+cow+manure.asp" title="From Shrooms Manure Shrooms Shrooms" alt="From Shrooms Manure Shrooms Shrooms" >From Shrooms Manure Shrooms Shrooms</a> usual ivory tower academics, &#105&#115&#111&#108&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#114&#101&#97&#108&#105&#116&#121 </p> There are more than 1 dozen species of "magic mushrooms" in Australia and New Zealand. Four of these species are dung (manure) inhabiting mushrooms. They include Psilocybe cubensis and/or Psilocybe subcubensis (known locally as "gold caps" and/or "gold tops"), Psilocybe subaeruginosa, and Copelandia cyanescens (the latter is known locally as "blue meanies"). These four species contain the mind altering alkaloids psilocybine and psilocine and are the most common hallucinogenic mushrooms in Australia. In New Zealand, the most commonly used species are Copelandia cyanescens and Psilocybe semilanceata, the latter species is recognized throughout the world as the "liberty cap"). This species only occurs in manured soil and does not grow directly from the dung of cattle, sheep or other four legged farm animals. Psilocybe cubensis the most popular of these species, is well known throughout much of the world; however, this species is not known to occur in New Zealand. Other species described in this guide are known to occur in manured soil, in pastures, meadows, grazing lands, some lawns and in the bark mulch and woodchips of deciduous woods. went in waves. Increasingly, all &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#115 &#105&#110 &#104&#101&#114&#13&#10&#105&#109&#109&#101&#100&#105&#97&#116&#101 &#115&#117&#114&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103&#115 coalesced into shades of green.<br> The hallucinations were fearsome; the heads of monsters became visible and &#97 &#119&#97&#108&#108 &#111&#112&#101&#110&#101&#100 &#117&#112&#13&#10&#105&#110&#116&#111 &#97&#110 abyss.<br> There was a succession of &#104&#117&#109&#97&#110&#13&#10&#102&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97&#110&#105&#109&#97&#108 &#104&#101&#97&#100&#115&#46 The next day, everything was back to normal. The oldest child (age 14) &#97&#108&#115&#111&#13&#10&#115&#97&#119 &#104&#101&#114 &#112&#97&#114&#101&#110&#116&#115&#39 &#104&#97&#105&#114 color turn green, had dilated pupils and watched geometric shapes appear &#111&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#119&#97&#108&#108&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#121&#111&#117&#110&#103&#101&#115&#116 child (age 11) experienced cramps &#97&#110&#100 &#108&#111&#115&#116&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#46&#13&#10&#73&#110 &#49&#57&#54&#48&#44 &#83&#105&#110&#103&#101&#114 and Guzman suggested that Panaeolus cyanescens might &#99&#111&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110&#13&#10&#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#44 &#98&#101&#99&#97&#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 intense blue staining they had observed. It wasn't until after &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#105&#110&#116&#111&#120&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#105&#110 &#77&#101&#110&#116&#111&#110 &#104&#97&#100 been &#112&#117&#98&#108&#105&#99&#105&#122&#101&#100&#44 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#97 &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104 &#116&#101&#97&#109 working with A. &#72&#111&#102&#109&#97&#110&#110&#13&#10&#100&#101&#116&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#48&#46&#50&#37 &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 in the mushrooms. Considering the powerful effects, however, &#116&#104&#105&#115&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#99&#101&#110&#116&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#115 &#116&#111 &#98&#101 too low &#116&#111 &#99&#97&#117&#115&#101 &#115&#117&#99&#104&#13&#10&#105&#109&#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#105&#118&#101 &#114&#101&#97&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#46 Later on, Sandoz Laboratories reported the level of psilocybin in dried samples &#97&#115 &#48&#46&#56&#37&#44 &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#119&#105&#116&#104 1.2% psilocin. The level of &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#105&#110&#44 &#104&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 &#109&#97&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 been falsely elevated by &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#111&#102 &#115&#101&#114&#111&#116&#111&#110&#105&#110 and its derivates in the mushroom sample &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#119&#97&#115&#13&#10&#98&#101&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100&#46&#13&#10&#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#83&#116&#105&#106&#118&#101&#44 a mushroom sample collected by J.W. &#65&#108&#108&#101&#110 &#105&#110 &#84&#104&#97&#105&#108&#97&#110&#100 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110&#101&#100&#13&#10&#48&#46&#52&#37 &#45 1.05% of psilocin, with only trace amounts of psilocybin; serotonin was present in large amounts, comparable to concentrations found &#105&#110 &#97&#108&#108 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#65&#112&#112&#97&#114&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121&#44 Panaeolus cyanescens produces more &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#105&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#46 &#83&#116&#105&#108&#108&#44 I was &#97&#98&#108&#101 &#116&#111 &#100&#101&#116&#101&#99&#116 &#48&#46&#52&#37 of &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 &#105&#110 &#109&#121&#99&#101&#108&#105&#97&#13&#10&#99&#117&#108&#116&#105&#118&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#111&#110 malt agar, with no other indole compounds present. Discussion of the Panaeolus species would remain incomplete &#119&#105&#116&#104&#111&#117&#116 &#112&#111&#105&#110&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#117&#116&#13&#10&#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 subjectively &#116&#101&#114&#114&#105&#102&#121&#105&#110&#103 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#115&#101&#115&#13&#10&#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#49&#57&#54&#53 cannot &#98&#101 &#97&#116&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#97 specific mushroom ingredient, but were likely precipitated by the circumstances (set and setting) surrounding &#116&#104&#101 &#105&#110&#99&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115 described by J.<br> Allen in Hawaii &#97&#102&#116&#101&#114 &#101&#97&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#50&#48 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#109&#101&#110&#115 paint a different picture &#97&#108&#116&#111&#103&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#58&#13&#10&#87&#105&#116&#104 &#114&#97&#100&#105&#111 &#109&#117&#115&#105&#99 &#112&#108&#97&#121&#105&#110&#103 softly &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#100&#97&#114&#107&#44 &#101&#117&#112&#104&#111&#114&#105&#97 &#98&#101&#103&#97&#110 to &#99&#111&#109&#101 &#111&#110 &#105&#110 &#119&#97&#118&#101&#115&#46 After 20 minutes, visions became so intense that I tried to close my eyes. Whenever 1 did close my eyes, my &#101&#121&#101&#108&#105&#100&#115 &#102&#101&#108&#116 &#97&#115 &#105&#102 they were being sprayed &#102&#114&#111&#109&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#111&#117&#116&#115&#105&#100&#101&#46 &#67&#111&#108&#111&#114&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 sharp and clear, but I always quickly opened my &#101&#121&#101&#115 &#97&#103&#97&#105&#110&#46 &#67&#111&#108&#111&#114&#115&#13&#10&#119&#101&#114&#101 &#100&#97&#110&#99&#105&#110&#103 like laser &#98&#101&#97&#109&#115 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#114&#104&#121&#116&#104&#109 of the music. The stars in the &#115&#107&#121 &#97&#115&#115&#101&#109&#98&#108&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#99&#108&#117&#115&#116&#101&#114&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#114&#101&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 all the way into my soul. I was a little scared &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#105&#100&#101&#97 &#116&#104&#97&#116 the ocean water might rush &#117&#112 &#97&#108&#108 &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#97&#121 into our &#104&#117&#116&#46&#13&#10&#79&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#44 &#102&#101&#101&#108&#105&#110&#103&#115 of euphoria were overwhelming. At times, I was &#111&#118&#101&#114&#99&#111&#109&#101 &#98&#121 &#102&#105&#116&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#108&#97&#117&#103&#104&#116&#101&#114&#46 &#84&#104&#97&#116 night, I slept like "a prince <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/shrooms+scientific+name.asp" title="Shrooms Scientific Name" alt="Shrooms Scientific Name" >Shrooms Scientific Name</a> ". The following &#109&#111&#114&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#73 &#103&#97&#116&#104&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#117&#112 my belongings and had to walk back across the pasture &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#73&#13&#10&#104&#97&#100 &#99&#111&#108&#108&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 mushrooms the day before. I noticed a lot o ed and large numbers of studies were conducted, primarily with LSD. These investigators sought to discover the receptor binding sites for hallucinogenic compounds in the brain and to understand the mechanisms underlying the genesis of psychedelic visions. Today, we still lack a sound theoretical framework able to explain the relationship between chemical compounds and the manifestation of their psychoactivity. Even though basic research is certainly important, its methods, unfortunately, are often a function of a rather one-sided pharmacological approach to investigating the effects of psilocybin, LSD and mescaline - an approach that is, in fact, too narrow to address the remarkably unusual nature of these substances and their effects. Misunderstandings between pharmacologists and toxicologists on the one hand and psychiatrists and psychologists on the other can often be traced all the way back to the 1950's, creating a legacy of disputes and arguments that have yet to be resolved. S. Grof undertook the tedious task of analyzing 5,000 experimental LSD protocols in an effort to isolate "absolute" symptoms that are reported or occur all of the time. His results were negative. According to Grof, hallucinogenic substances are non-specific triggers causing a sequence of altered states of consciousness, which do not fit the syndrome labeled "toxic psychosis". Rather, it is the individual's personality, along with the experimental setting that significantly shape the nature of the psychedelic experience. This view is shared by a majority of experts with considerable experience in conducting psychedelics-assisted psychotherapy. Even "real" somatic symptoms, such as nausea or vomiting, can often be controlled through psychological intervention techniques administered by trained professionals. A Plethora of Names The broad range of possible experiences inspired the use of labels other than "hallucinogens", with widely differing semantic connotations: entheogens, psychedelics, illusionogens, psycholytics, psychomimetics, psychodysleptica, psychoemetics and others. "Phantastica" (Lewin) is the oldest label ever used to describe this class of substances. This term successfully evokes dream-like, fanciful aspects of the experience, as well as the potential for euphoric and dysphoric emotional overtones. More recent terminology often says more about semantic biases of those who use the labels than about any factual, objective characteristics of the alkaloids they refer to. Accordingly, official antidrug propaganda since the 1960's has disparaged "psychedelics" as excessively glamorous and too positive a label, as the term was popular among Timothy Leary's fans and supporters. When used in low doses or for the first time, these substances are most likely to bring about a kind of magical transformation of surroundings, with a heightened ability to perceive subtle differences along the color spectru ecialize in the study of Psilocybes, despite the fact that Psilocybe semilanceata is the most common and conspicuous species among the Psilocybes. Also, mushroom lovers whose interests are not purely scientific (see Chapter 7.4) do not usually preserve their knowledge for posterity in the form of distribution maps. However, there is one map from 1986, which shows the distribution pattern of Psilocybe semilanceata across Germany (see Figure 20, p. 28). Almost no published information is available about locations where Psilocybe species have been found in eastern Germany. During my own field trips, I have discovered Psilocybe semilanceata specimens in various locations, such as near my hometown of Mansfeld in the Vorharz Mountains, in the marshlands of Duben as well as in other eastern German marshland areas. In addition, friends who are also mycologists have told me about finding the mushrooms in other parts of the country. A book published in 1952 is among the rare sources that includes details about specimens discovered in the southeastern state of Saxony (see Figure 16, p. 23). The Psilocybe species grow most abundantly on wet pastures surrounded by forest areas. In my experience, Psilocybe semilanceata grows in most of Germany's forestlands. The species fruits during the fall, from late September through October. It favors acidic soil and grassy terrain alongside trails or around the edges of forest lands. Specimens are generally clustered in small groups of 30 mushrooms or less. Deer droppings or other animal feces are usually present at those locations, even though the mushrooms never grow directly on top of dung. Occasionally, extremely stunted specimens may be found in the mountains by the side of the road. The soil below older cow pastures provides an excellent medium for extensive mycelial growth. In some locations, large areas yield an abundance of fruiting bodies, mirroring the extent of mycelial saturation in the soil. Given adequate moisture, maximum yields can be expected, if the pasture was grazed at least once during the weeks before fruiting season. However, the mushrooms also thrive under similar conditions on horse and sheep pastures. Such grassy areas inside forests are usually grazing areas for deer, who provide the soil with additional fertilization. However, Psilocybe semilanceata does not grow in locations where artificial fertilizer has been used. Such pastures are often flanked by creeks or swamp lands, which saturate the soil with water. During the summertime, the warm climate in these wet areas provides an excellent environment for optimal mycelial growth. In Germany, the mushroom's habitat ranges from the coastal areas to mountainous regions, where the species has been found at altitudes of up to 1,720 m (5,160 ft) above sea level (MTB-8443, 1985). In the former Czechoslovakia, samples have been collected at altitudes ranging from 330 to 1,000 m (1,000 - ulinary mushroom bears no resemblance, either in size or form, to Inocybe aeruginascens. Overall, however, these unfortunate cases have also contributed to our understanding of mushroom biochemistry. In this context, I want to emphasize once more that the hallucinogenic varieties among the Inocybes can easily be mistaken for those muscarine-producing Inocybe species that are extremely poisonous. As part of his investigation of the Psilocybe genus, Guzman noted a common trait among the hallucinogenic species, in addition to the bluing reaction: a flour-like smell or taste. Apart from the inherent subjective nature of our sense of smell and taste, a common odor is a trait that definitely does not apply to the European species (also see Chapter 3.2). Mycophile or Mycophobe? There are reports from the Western United States about people with expert knowledge of Psilocybe semilanceata - devoted mushroom hunters who can identify the species with drill and accuracy. At the same time, however, these experts cannot identify easily spotted common table mushrooms, nor are they able to differentiate the Agaricus species (champignons) from other mushrooms, even when these species grow on the same pasture. Such individuals, then, are not interested in species other than Psilocybe semilanceata. In my opinion, this attitude reflects a rare combination of mycophilia and mycophobia. A mushroom's spore dust provides important information needed to determine identity. A spore print is left by the gills when the cap is placed on black or white paper (depending on spore color). As the process takes several hours, a glass vessel must be placed over the cap to prevent drying. While useful, information obtained from spore analyses has its limitations, For instance, spores derived from mushrooms belonging to different genera may have the same color, but reveal basic differences under the microscope. There is also a high degree of similarity among spores from different Psilocybe species. Thus, the only way to prevent grave errors and potentially deadly intoxications is to rely on experienced experts for mushroom identification, a process that must include analysis of available ecological data. CHAPTER 5 THE BLUING PHENOMENON AND METOL TESTING: REALITY VS. WISHFUL THINKING As previously discussed in Chapters 3.1 and 3.7, the bluing reaction is characteristic of species that produce psilocybin. Still, for unknown reasons, some species or samples belonging to a genus that usually turns blue may not always change color, regardless of psilocybin content. Among the species that I have examined, Psilocybe bohemica displayed the most impressive bluing reaction. The caps of this species stain very quickly in reaction to pressure. Other species, such as Psilocybe cubensis (Earle) Sing. have stems that develop very intensely blue stains, while their caps do not exhibit the bluing reaction. By contrast, Psilocybe </p> <p><p align="center"> own cause of death and disease, bloated stomachs and insanity. Beliefs &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#104&#97&#118&#101 survived to the present &#100&#97&#121&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#121 &#112&#101&#114&#115&#105&#115&#116&#44 &#102&#111&#114 example,,, as figures of speech, s u &#99 &#104 &#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101 slick Austrian description of a societal misfit as someone "who ate those madness-inducing mushrooms.<br>" But, there is &#97&#110&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magicmushroomsforsale.asp" title="Magicmushroomsforsale" alt="Magicmushroomsforsale" >Magicmushroomsforsale</a> &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116&#44&#13&#10&#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#108&#101&#103&#97&#99&#121 as well.<br> Flesh of the Gods for &#68&#101&#118&#105&#108 &#87&#111&#114&#115&#104&#105&#112&#112&#101&#114&#115&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#79&#108&#100 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100&#46 Mycenaean civilization began with a mushroom trip -Mushrooms were an ingredient in the ambrosia &#111&#102 &#68&#105&#111&#110&#121&#115&#117&#115&#46&#13&#10&#80&#111&#114&#112&#104&#121&#114&#105&#117&#115&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#117&#114&#116&#104 century Latin poet and contemporary of Emperor Konstantin, knew that &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101 children of the gods. WHO WAS THE FIRST &#77&#65&#71&#73&#67&#73&#65&#78&#63&#13&#10&#65 &#113&#117&#97&#115&#105&#45&#99&#97&#110&#110&#105&#98&#97&#108&#105&#115&#116&#105&#99 &#114&#105&#116&#117&#97&#108&#44 &#116&#104&#101 act of eating the children &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#103&#111&#100&#115 &#117&#110&#108&#111&#99&#107&#101&#100 one's power to experience the &#116&#114&#117&#108&#121 &#100&#105&#118&#105&#110&#101&#46 &#66&#117&#116 &#110&#111&#116 all mushrooms enable &#104&#117&#109&#97&#110 &#98&#101&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#116&#111 &#101&#110&#116&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#97&#108&#109 of divine consciousness. This &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#112&#111&#119&#101&#114&#13&#10&#114&#101&#115&#105&#100&#101&#115 &#105&#110 &#111&#110&#108&#121 those &#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#97&#115 &#34&#102&#111&#111&#108&#39&#115&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#34&#44 which &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#112&#111&#105&#115&#111&#110&#111&#117&#115&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#101&#100 to be &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#97&#119&#110 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 Devil throughout the late Middle Ages and well into modern times.<br> The New World: &#84&#104&#101 &#65&#122&#116&#101&#99&#115 &#105&#110 &#77&#101&#120&#105&#99&#111&#13&#10&#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#114&#101&#100 to &#97 &#110&#117&#109&#98&#101&#114 &#111&#102 &#115&#109&#97&#108&#108&#44 inconspicuous mushrooms as teonartacatl, or "flesh of the Gods.<br>" These &#115&#97&#99&#114&#101&#100 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#101&#97&#116&#101&#110&#13&#10&#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 the course of rituals intended to contact the Gods &#105&#110 &#111&#114&#100&#101&#114 &#116&#111 &#108&#101&#97&#114&#110 about the world and the realm of the &#100&#105&#118&#105&#110&#101&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#13&#10&#114&#105&#116&#117&#97&#108&#115 thoroughly &#115&#112&#111&#111&#107&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#67&#97&#116&#104&#111&#108&#105&#99&#13&#10&#83&#112&#97&#110&#105&#97&#114&#100&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 eaters, commonly thought &#111&#102 &#97&#115 &#68&#101&#118&#105&#108 &#119&#111&#114&#115&#104&#105&#112&#112&#101&#114&#115&#44 were hounded by the Inquisition. Still, all &#103&#111&#111&#100 &#116&#104&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#115&#117&#114&#118&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#116&#101&#115&#116&#115 of time, so the cult of magic mushroom eaters &#100&#105&#100 &#110&#111&#116 &#98&#101&#99&#111&#109&#101 &#101&#120&#116&#105&#110&#99&#116&#46 Like mycelia underground, the cult continued to flourish, and at the proper time in recorded history, &#105&#110 &#49&#57&#53&#55&#44&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116 &#111&#102 the fully grown mushroom re-surfaced to draw widespread public attention. Valentine and Gordon Wasson became the heroes of the modern neo-mycophilic movement.<br> Back to the Old World: The revelations and insights gained from the use of psychoactive mushrooms were so &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#119&#111&#110&#100&#101&#114&#102&#117&#108&#44 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#111&#117&#114 &#110&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101 European "fool's mushrooms" - &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104&#13&#10&#119&#101&#114&#101 &#103&#101&#110&#101 &#59 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101&#114&#101&#100 inedible - had to be recognized as closely related to &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#111&#102 &#77&#101&#120&#105&#99&#111&#44 the flesh of the Aztec Gods. The souls of magic mushrooms &#105&#110 &#77&#101&#120&#105&#99&#111&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121 &#97&#114&#101 essentially made from the same substance: psilocybin. Jochen Gartz has made an extraordinary contribution to &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#101&#108&#100 &#111&#102 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#121 by embracing Germany's magic &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99&#13&#10&#115&#116&#117&#100&#121 and testing of these fungi. The research efforts upon which this book &#105&#115 &#98&#97&#115&#101&#100 &#114&#101&#113&#117&#105&#114&#101&#13&#10&#110&#111&#116&#104&#105&#110&#103 &#108&#101&#115&#115 than &#97 &#102&#101&#97&#114&#108&#101&#115&#115&#44 &#98&#114&#97&#118&#101 &#97&#110&#100 courageous consciousness, free of prejudice and mycophobia.<br> I am convinced that a researcher's consciousness infused by &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#105&#114&#105&#116 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 magic mushroom is capable &#111&#102 &#102&#97&#114 &#100&#101&#101&#112&#101&#114 &#115&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99 insights than we can ever expect from the usual ivory &#116&#111&#119&#101&#114&#13&#10&#97&#99&#97&#100&#101&#109&#105&#99&#115&#44 &#105&#115&#111&#108&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#114&#101&#97&#108&#105&#116&#121 </p> CATTLE AS A POSSIBLE DISPERSAL MECHANISM FOR PSYCHOACTIVE DUNG FUNGI One may ask the question, "how did these mushrooms arrive in Australia and New Zealand?" Well some species may be endemic,that is, they were already there naturally. Other species such as the above described dung-inhabiting mushrooms most likelyappeared after the introduction of cattle on the subcontinent.The first livestock to arrive in Australia were brought from the Cape of Good Hope in1788, and included 2 bulls and 5 cows, along with other domesticated farm animals. Byl803, the government owned approximately 1800 cattle, most of which were importedfrom the Cape, Calcutta, and the west coast of America. It was during this period thatsome of the visionary mushrooms mentioned in this field guide probably first appeared inAustralia (Unsigned, 1973). According to Australian mycologist John Burton Cleland(1934), "fungi growing in cow or horse-dung and confined to such habitats, must in thecase of Australia, all belong to introduced species". It is believed to have been the SouthAfrican dung beetle which may have actually spread the spores. According to Englishmycologist Roy Watling of the Royal Botanic Gardens in Glasgow, Scotland, "it must beremembered that fungi can change substrate preferences and there are coprophilousfungi on kangaroo droppings etc." Some mycologists who have studied the "magicmushrooms" in Australia and NZ claim that the "use of P. cubensis as a recreational drugtends to confirm the belief that some] farmers in early times may have] added one or two basidiomes gilled mushrooms] to a mealto liven it up and still do] Margot & Watling, 1981)." went in waves. Increasingly, all colors in her immediate surroundings coalesced into shades of green. The hallucinations were fearsome; the heads of monsters became visible and a wall opened up into an abyss. There was a succession of human figure with animal heads. The next day, everything was back to normal. The oldest child (age 14) also saw her parents' hair color turn green, had dilated pupils and watched geometric shapes appear on the wall. The youngest child (age 11) experienced cramps and lost consciousness. In 1960, Singer and Guzman suggested that Panaeolus cyanescens might contain psilocybin, because of the intense blue staining they had observed. It wasn't until after the intoxications in Menton had been publicized, that a research team working with A. Hofmann detected 0.2% of psilocybin in the mushrooms. Considering the powerful effects, however, this concentration appears to be too low to cause such impressive reactions. Later on, Sandoz Laboratories reported the level of psilocybin in dried samples as 0.8%, along with 1.2% psilocin. The level of psilocin, however, may have been falsely elevated by the presence of serotonin and its derivates in the mushroom sample that was being tested. According to Stijve, a mushroom sample collected by J.W. Allen in Thailand contained 0.4% - 1.05% of psilocin, with only trace amounts of psilocybin; serotonin was present in large amounts, comparable to concentrations found in all Panaeolus species. Apparently, Panaeolus cyanescens produces more psilocin than psilocybin. Still, I was able to detect 0.4% of psilocybin in mycelia cultivated on malt agar, with no other indole compounds present. Discussion of the Panaeolus species would remain incomplete without pointing out that those subjectively terrifying psychoses reported in 1965 cannot be attributed to a specific mushroom ingredient, but were likely precipitated by the circumstances (set and setting) surrounding the incident. The effects described by J. Allen in Hawaii after eating 20 specimens paint a different picture altogether: With radio music playing softly in the dark, euphoria began to come on in waves. After 20 minutes, visions became so intense that I tried to close my eyes. Whenever 1 did close my eyes, my eyelids felt as if they were being sprayed from the outside. Colors were sharp and clear, but I always quickly opened my eyes again. Colors were dancing like laser beams to the rhythm of the music. The stars in the sky assembled in clusters that reached all the way into my soul. I was a little scared at the idea that the ocean water might rush up all the way into our hut. Other than that, feelings of euphoria were overwhelming. At times, I was overcome by fits of laughter. That night, I slept like "a prince ". The following morning I gathered up my belongings and had to walk back across the pasture where I had collected the mushrooms the day before. I noticed a lot o JOCHEN GARTZ MAGIC MUSHROOMS Around the World A Scientific Journey Across Cultures and Time The Case for Challenging Research and Value Systems * LIS PUBLICATIONS * LOS ANGELES, CA* Figure 1 - Water Color Painting of Psilocybe semilanceata (Germany, 1927) TABLE OF CONTENT (With Active Links' Just Click On A Subject To Go To The Page) "Who Was the First Magician?" - Foreword by Christian Ratsch 7 1. Introduction 9 2. Reflections on the History and Scientific Study of Magic Mushrooms 10 3. The Current State of Knowledge About European Species 14 3.1 Psilocybe semilanceata: The Classic Species Among European Psychotropic Mushrooms 16 3.2 Psilocybe cyanescens: Potent Mushrooms Growing on Wood Debris 29 3.3 Panaeolus subbalteatus: Mycology and Myths about the Panaeolus Species 37 3.4 Inocybe aeruginascens: Fast-Spreading New Arrivals 44 3.5 Gymnopilus purpuratus: Magnificent Mushrooms from South America 51 3.6 Conocybe cyanopus: Tiny Mushrooms of Remarkable Potency 55 3.7 Pluteus salicinus: A Little-known Wood-Inhabiting Species 58 4. Mushroom Identification: Taxonomic Confusion and the Potential for Deadly Mistakes 61 5. The Bluing Phenomenon and Metol Testing: Reality vs. Wishful Thinking 63 6. Mushroom Cultivation: Classic Findings and New Techniques 66 7. Psychotropic Mushroom Species Around the World 77 7.1 Spotlight on North America and Hawaii 79 7.2 Mycophilia in Central and South America 82 7.3 Australia's Mycoflora Attracts Attention 84 7.4 European Customs and Conventions 87 7.5 Japanese Experimentation 93 7.6 Intoxications and the Oldest Known Mushroom Cult in Africa 95 7.7 Usage in Southeast Asia and the South Pacific Islands 98 8. Some Comments on Effects of Mushrooms from the Category Phantastika 102 9. Psychotherapy 108 10. Outlook 114 11. Bibliography 120 Index 129 Figure 2 - Psilocybe cubensis from Australia Figure 3 - Water color painting of Panaeolus subbalteatus (Germany, 1927). Figure 4 - Fresh Panaeolus subbalteatus mushrooms. FOREWORD Nobody knows precisely when the first magic mushroom emerged from the shadows of prehistory to enter the light of consciousness. Nobody knows when the first magic mushroom was eaten by a human being. Nobody knows just who the first magic mushroom eater was. In seeking answers to these questions, we can only speculate. Mycophobes, however, are quick to voice their conviction that only a fool would be reckless enough to want to attain a higher state of consciousness beyond the boundaries of everyday reality. And only a fool would attempt to do this by ingesting those odd little things that mysteriously thrive on decaying, humid soil, rotten wood and malodorous mounds of cow manure. Historically, magic, mushrooms have been feared and hated` since antiquity: magic mushrooms were thought to be made from poisons that had dripped from serpents' fangs; they were considered to be unclean emissions of evil spirits; moreover, mushrooms were a kn <p align="left"> &#77&#111&#115&#116 &#114&#101&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#117&#115&#101&#114&#115 of &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#40&#119&#104&#101&#110 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#110 in vitro) require a dosage of 1 to 2 gm <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/cowmanurepsilocybinmushroomcultivation.asp" title="Cowmanurepsilocybinmushroomcultivation" alt="Cowmanurepsilocybinmushroomcultivation" >Cowmanurepsilocybinmushroomcultivation</a> of &#100&#114&#105&#101&#100 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#116&#111 &#112&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#101 an altered state &#111&#102 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#59 &#97 &#99&#108&#105&#110&#105&#99&#97&#108 dosage for &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115&#44 &#111&#110 &#116&#104&#101 other hand, had previously been reported as ranging from 3 to <H2> Shrooms Drawing Of Death Trees</H2> 5 gm of dried material. This dosage &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#98&#101 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#97&#114&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 amount of fungal material consumed for religious purposes in a Mazatec Indian healing and curing ceremony. In 1982, &#111&#110&#101 &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104 &#116&#101&#97&#109 &#34&#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 that the &#108&#101&#118&#101&#108 &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 &#97&#110&#100 psilocin varies over a factor of 4 &#97&#109&#111&#110&#103 &#118&#97&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#105&#110 &#118&#105&#116&#114&#111 cultures &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#108&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#109&#101&#110&#115 from outdoors varied tenfold.<br>" A fresh dosage of Psilocybe &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 be approximately &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#49 &#116&#111 &#50 large mushrooms weighing up to as much &#97&#115 &#111&#110&#101 &#102&#114&#101&#115&#104 &#111&#117&#110&#99&#101&#44 or as many as from 25 to 50 &#115&#109&#97&#108&#108 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#101&#113&#117&#97&#108&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 same weight &#97&#109&#111&#117&#110&#116&#46 &#69&#116&#104&#110&#111&#112&#104&#97&#114&#109&#97&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116 &#74&#111&#110&#97&#116&#104&#97&#110 &#79&#116&#116 (1976, &#49&#57&#57&#51&#41 &#110&#111&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#104&#101 has &#111&#98&#115&#101&#114&#118&#101&#100 &#34&#116&#104&#101 &#105&#110&#103&#101&#115&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 from &#48&#46&#53 &#103&#109 &#116&#111 &#53&#46&#57 gm dried weight (10 &#103&#109 &#116&#111 &#52&#48 &#103&#109 fresh)", of various species of Psilocybe. Dosage psilocybin grow kits for Psilocybe subcubensis would be the same as for &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115&#46 &#66&#111&#116&#104 &#111&#102 these latter two species are macroscopically alike. The usual dosage for &#67&#111&#112&#101&#108&#97&#110&#100&#105&#97 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#114&#101&#113&#117&#105&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#111 induce psychedelic visual effects ranges from 1 to 3 large specimens (cap &#100&#105&#97&#109&#101&#116&#101&#114 &#99&#46 &#53 &#109&#109&#41&#44 or as many as 5 to l0 medium-sized mushrooms (cap diameter c. 2.5 mm); &#104&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 &#112&#101&#114&#115&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#116&#111&#108&#101&#114&#97&#110&#99&#101 &#116&#111 this species may occur &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#117&#101&#100 &#117&#115&#101&#44 &#97&#110&#100 some who consume large amounts of this mushroom <b> magic mushrooms spores</b> have reportedly ingested as many as 50 to &#50&#48&#48 &#102&#114&#101&#115&#104 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#109&#101&#110&#115 &#111&#102 various sizes. </p> <p align="center"> JOCHEN GARTZ MAGIC MUSHROOMS Around the World A Scientific &#74&#111&#117&#114&#110&#101&#121 &#65&#99&#114&#111&#115&#115 &#67&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#84&#105&#109&#101&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 Case for Challenging Research and &#86&#97&#108&#117&#101 &#83&#121&#115&#116&#101&#109&#115&#13&#10&#42 &#76&#73&#83 &#80&#85&#66&#76&#73&#67&#65&#84&#73&#79&#78&#83 * &#76&#79&#83 &#65&#78&#71&#69&#76&#69&#83&#44 &#67&#65&#42&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#49 - Water Color Painting of Psilocybe semilanceata (Germany, 1927) TABLE OF CONTENT &#40&#87&#105&#116&#104 &#65&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#76&#105&#110&#107&#115&#39 &#74&#117&#115&#116 Click On A Subject To Go &#84&#111 &#84&#104&#101 &#80&#97&#103&#101&#41&#13&#10&#34&#87&#104&#111 &#87&#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#70&#105&#114&#115&#116 Magician?" - &#70&#111&#114&#101&#119&#111&#114&#100 &#98&#121 &#67&#104&#114&#105&#115&#116&#105&#97&#110 &#82&#97&#116&#115&#99&#104 7 1. Introduction 9 2. &#82&#101&#102&#108&#101&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#72&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#121 &#97&#110&#100 Scientific Study of &#77&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#49&#48&#13&#10&#51&#46 &#84&#104&#101 Current State of Knowledge About European Species 14 3.1 Psilocybe semilanceata: The Classic Species Among &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 &#80&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#49&#54&#13&#10&#51&#46&#50 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 cyanescens: &#80&#111&#116&#101&#110&#116 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#71&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#110 Wood &#68&#101&#98&#114&#105&#115 &#50&#57&#13&#10&#51&#46&#51 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 &#115&#117&#98&#98&#97&#108&#116&#101&#97&#116&#117&#115&#58 &#77&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#121 and Myths &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 &#83&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 37 3.4 Inocybe aeruginascens: Fast-Spreading New &#65&#114&#114&#105&#118&#97&#108&#115 &#52&#52&#13&#10&#51&#46&#53 &#71&#121&#109&#110&#111&#112&#105&#108&#117&#115 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#117&#114&#97&#116&#117&#115&#58 Magnificent Mushrooms from South America 51 3.6 Conocybe cyanopus: Tiny &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#111&#102 &#82&#101&#109&#97&#114&#107&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#80&#111&#116&#101&#110&#99&#121 &#53&#53&#13&#10&#51&#46&#55 Pluteus salicinus: A Little-known Wood-Inhabiting &#83&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#53&#56&#13&#10&#52&#46 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#73&#100&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#58 &#84&#97&#120&#111&#110&#111&#109&#105&#99 Confusion and the Potential for Deadly Mistakes 61 5.<br> &#84&#104&#101 &#66&#108&#117&#105&#110&#103 &#80&#104&#101&#110&#111&#109&#101&#110&#111&#110 &#97&#110&#100 Metol Testing: Reality vs. Wishful &#84&#104&#105&#110&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#54&#51&#13&#10&#54&#46 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#67&#117&#108&#116&#105&#118&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#58 Classic Findings and New Techniques 66 7. Psychotropic Mushroom &#83&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#65&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100 77 7.<br>1 Spotlight on &#78&#111&#114&#116&#104 &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#72&#97&#119&#97&#105&#105 &#55&#57&#13&#10&#55&#46&#50 Mycophilia &#105&#110 &#67&#101&#110&#116&#114&#97&#108 &#97&#110&#100 &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104 America 82 7.3 Australia's Mycoflora Attracts Attention 84 7.<br>4 European Customs and Conventions 87 7.5 Japanese Experimentation 93 7.<br>6 Intoxications and the Oldest Known Mushroom &#67&#117&#108&#116 &#105&#110 &#65&#102&#114&#105&#99&#97 &#57&#53&#13&#10&#55&#46&#55 &#85&#115&#97&#103&#101 in Southeast Asia and the &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104 &#80&#97&#99&#105&#102&#105&#99 &#73&#115&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115 &#57&#56&#13&#10&#56&#46 Some &#67&#111&#109&#109&#101&#110&#116&#115 &#111&#110 &#69&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115 &#111&#102 Mushrooms from the Category <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/smoking+shrooms.asp" title="Smoking Shrooms" alt="Smoking Shrooms" >Smoking Shrooms</a> Phantastika 102 9. &#80&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#97&#112&#121 &#49&#48&#56&#13&#10&#49&#48&#46 &#79&#117&#116&#108&#111&#111&#107 &#49&#49&#52&#13&#10&#49&#49&#46 Bibliography &#49&#50&#48&#13&#10&#73&#110&#100&#101&#120 &#49&#50&#57&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#50 &#45 Psilocybe cubensis from Australia Figure 3 - Water color painting &#111&#102 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 &#115&#117&#98&#98&#97&#108&#116&#101&#97&#116&#117&#115 &#40&#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#44 &#49&#57&#50&#55&#41&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 4 - Fresh Panaeolus subbalteatus mushrooms.<br> FOREWORD Nobody knows precisely &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 emerged from the shadows of prehistory to enter &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#105&#103&#104&#116 &#111&#102 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#46&#13&#10&#78&#111&#98&#111&#100&#121 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#115 when the first magic mushroom was eaten by a &#104&#117&#109&#97&#110 &#98&#101&#105&#110&#103&#46 &#78&#111&#98&#111&#100&#121 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#115&#13&#10&#106&#117&#115&#116 who the first magic mushroom eater was. In seeking answers to these questions, we can only speculate.<br> Mycophobes, however, are quick &#116&#111&#13&#10&#118&#111&#105&#99&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#99&#111&#110&#118&#105&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#116 only a &#102&#111&#111&#108 &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#98&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#99&#107&#108&#101&#115&#115 &#101&#110&#111&#117&#103&#104 &#116&#111 &#119&#97&#110&#116 to attain a higher state of consciousness beyond the boundaries of everyday &#114&#101&#97&#108&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#65&#110&#100 &#111&#110&#108&#121 &#97 fool would attempt to do this by &#105&#110&#103&#101&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#111&#100&#100 &#108&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101 things that mysteriously thrive on decaying, humid soil, rotten wood and malodorous mounds grow grow psilocybin of cow manure. Historically, magic, mushrooms &#104&#97&#118&#101&#13&#10&#98&#101&#101&#110 &#102&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#97&#110&#100 &#104&#97&#116&#101&#100&#96 since antiquity: &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#111&#117&#103&#104&#116 &#116&#111 be made from poisons that had dripped from serpents' fangs; they were considered to be unclean &#101&#109&#105&#115&#115&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#101&#118&#105&#108 &#115&#112&#105&#114&#105&#116&#115&#59 &#109&#111&#114&#101&#111&#118&#101&#114&#44 mushrooms were a kn </p> <p align="left"> &#101&#100&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101 &#110&#117&#109&#98&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#102 studies were conducted, primarily with LSD. These investigators sought to discover the receptor binding sites for hallucinogenic <i>Varieties Shrooms Vs Shrooms Varieties Vs</i> &#99&#111&#109&#112&#111&#117&#110&#100&#115 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#114&#97&#105&#110 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magic+mushroom+nz.asp" title="Magic Mushroom Nz" alt="Magic Mushroom Nz" >Magic Mushroom Nz</a> and to understand the mechanisms &#117&#110&#100&#101&#114&#108&#121&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#103&#101&#110&#101&#115&#105&#115 &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#101&#100&#101&#108&#105&#99 visions.<br> Today, we still lack &#97 &#115&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#111&#114&#101&#116&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#102&#114&#97&#109&#101&#119&#111&#114&#107 able to explain the relationship between chemical compounds &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#110&#105&#102&#101&#115&#116&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 their psychoactivity. Even though &#98&#97&#115&#105&#99 &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#99&#101&#114&#116&#97&#105&#110&#108&#121 &#105&#109&#112&#111&#114&#116&#97&#110&#116&#44 its methods, &#117&#110&#102&#111&#114&#116&#117&#110&#97&#116&#101&#108&#121&#44 &#97&#114&#101&#13&#10&#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#97 &#102&#117&#110&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 of a rather one-sided pharmacological &#97&#112&#112&#114&#111&#97&#99&#104 &#116&#111 &#105&#110&#118&#101&#115&#116&#105&#103&#97&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115 of psilocybin, LSD &#97&#110&#100 &#109&#101&#115&#99&#97&#108&#105&#110&#101 &#45 &#97&#110&#13&#10&#97&#112&#112&#114&#111&#97&#99&#104 that is, in fact, too narrow to address &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#114&#107&#97&#98&#108&#121 &#117&#110&#117&#115&#117&#97&#108 &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101 &#111&#102 these substances and their effects. Misunderstandings between pharmacologists and toxicologists on the <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/subaeruginosa+growingseason+new+zealand.asp" title="Subaeruginosa Growingseason New Zealand" alt="Subaeruginosa Growingseason New Zealand" >Subaeruginosa Growingseason New Zealand</a> one hand and psychiatrists and psychologists on &#116&#104&#101 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#99&#97&#110&#13&#10&#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#98&#101 &#116&#114&#97&#99&#101&#100 all the way back to the 1950's, creating a legacy of disputes and arguments that have yet to be &#114&#101&#115&#111&#108&#118&#101&#100&#46 &#83&#46 &#71&#114&#111&#102 &#117&#110&#100&#101&#114&#116&#111&#111&#107 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#116&#101&#100&#105&#111&#117&#115 task &#111&#102 &#97&#110&#97&#108&#121&#122&#105&#110&#103 &#53&#44&#48&#48&#48 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#109&#101&#110&#116&#97&#108 &#76&#83&#68&#13&#10&#112&#114&#111&#116&#111&#99&#111&#108&#115 in an &#101&#102&#102&#111&#114&#116 &#116&#111 &#105&#115&#111&#108&#97&#116&#101 &#34&#97&#98&#115&#111&#108&#117&#116&#101&#34&#13&#10&#115&#121&#109&#112&#116&#111&#109&#115 that are reported or occur &#97&#108&#108 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#116&#105&#109&#101&#46 &#72&#105&#115 results were negative. According to Grof, hallucinogenic substances are non-specific triggers causing &#97 &#115&#101&#113&#117&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#111&#102 &#97&#108&#116&#101&#114&#101&#100 states of consciousness, &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#100&#111 &#110&#111&#116 &#102&#105&#116 the syndrome labeled "toxic psychosis". Rather, &#105&#116 &#105&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#105&#110&#100&#105&#118&#105&#100&#117&#97&#108&#39&#115 &#112&#101&#114&#115&#111&#110&#97&#108&#105&#116&#121&#44 along with the experimental setting &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#115&#105&#103&#110&#105&#102&#105&#99&#97&#110&#116&#108&#121 &#115&#104&#97&#112&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101 of the psychedelic experience. This view is shared by &#97 &#109&#97&#106&#111&#114&#105&#116&#121 &#111&#102 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#116&#115 with &#99&#111&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101&#114&#97&#98&#108&#101&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#110&#100&#117&#99&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#101&#100&#101&#108&#105&#99&#115&#45&#97&#115&#115&#105&#115&#116&#101&#100&#13&#10&#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#97&#112&#121&#46 &#69&#118&#101&#110 "real" somatic symptoms, such as nausea or &#118&#111&#109&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103&#44 &#99&#97&#110 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#98&#101 controlled through psychological intervention techniques administered by &#116&#114&#97&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#112&#114&#111&#102&#101&#115&#115&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108&#115&#46&#13&#10&#65 &#80&#108&#101&#116&#104&#111&#114&#97 &#111&#102 Names The broad range of possible experiences inspired &#116&#104&#101 &#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#108&#97&#98&#101&#108&#115 other than "hallucinogens", &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#108&#121 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#101&#109&#97&#110&#116&#105&#99&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#110&#111&#116&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#58 entheogens, &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#101&#100&#101&#108&#105&#99&#115&#44&#13&#10&#105&#108&#108&#117&#115&#105&#111&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#115&#44 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#108&#121&#116&#105&#99&#115&#44 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#109&#105&#109&#101&#116&#105&#99&#115&#44&#13&#10&#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#100&#121&#115&#108&#101&#112&#116&#105&#99&#97&#44 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#101&#109&#101&#116&#105&#99&#115 and others. "Phantastica" &#40&#76&#101&#119&#105&#110&#41 &#105&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#111&#108&#100&#101&#115&#116 label ever used to describe this class of substances. This term successfully evokes &#100&#114&#101&#97&#109&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101&#44 &#102&#97&#110&#99&#105&#102&#117&#108&#13&#10&#97&#115&#112&#101&#99&#116&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 experience, as well as the potential for euphoric and dysphoric &#101&#109&#111&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#111&#118&#101&#114&#116&#111&#110&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#77&#111&#114&#101 &#114&#101&#99&#101&#110&#116 &#116&#101&#114&#109&#105&#110&#111&#108&#111&#103&#121 often says more about semantic biases of those who use the labels than about any factual, objective characteristics of the alkaloids they &#114&#101&#102&#101&#114 &#116&#111&#46 &#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103&#108&#121&#44 &#111&#102&#102&#105&#99&#105&#97&#108 antidrug propaganda since the 1960's has disparaged "psychedelics" &#97&#115&#13&#10&#101&#120&#99&#101&#115&#115&#105&#118&#101&#108&#121 &#103&#108&#97&#109&#111&#114&#111&#117&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#111&#111 positive a label, as the term was popular among Timothy Leary's fans and supporters. When used &#105&#110 <H2> mushrooms with bronze caps</H2> &#108&#111&#119 &#100&#111&#115&#101&#115 &#111&#114 for &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116&#13&#10&#116&#105&#109&#101&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101&#115 are most likely to &#98&#114&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#97 &#107&#105&#110&#100 &#111&#102 magical &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#102&#111&#114&#109&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#115&#117&#114&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103&#115&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97 heightened ability to perceive subtle differences along the color <u> shrooms shrooms drawing of shrooms</u> spectru </p> </p> </div> <div id="footer"> <div class="left"> <a href="/ guide.html" class="doNotPrint"> mushrooms with bronze caps</a><br /> <a href="/ shrooms and drug test.html" class="doNotPrint"> Chat</a> </div> <br class="doNotDisplay doNotPrint" /> <div class="right"> copyright © 2006 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/blue+stain+gold+caps+magic+mushroom.asp" title="Blue Stain Gold Caps Magic Mushroom" alt="Blue Stain Gold Caps Magic Mushroom" >Blue Stain Gold Caps Magic Mushroom</a><br /> design by <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/horse+manure+magic+mushrooms.asp" title="Horse Manure Magic Mushrooms" alt="Horse Manure Magic Mushrooms" >Horse Manure Magic Mushrooms</a> </div></div> </body>