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I met Jochen Gartz shortly after the fall of the Berlin Wall at the third symposium of the European College for the Study of Consciousness (ECSC) in Freiburg, Germany. Our encounter was my first contact with a researcher from the former East Germany. Jochen Gartz's enthusiastic lecture was a truly consciousnessexpanding event, his words breaking down traditional borders and crossing over into new territory. The magic mushrooms spoke through him - with no trace of dogma or ideology - in the tradition of true anarchy that is the hallmark of mushroom magic. What I heard was unbelievable. Jochen spoke of a "new" psychedelic mushroom and its migration. The mycelia had spread in concentric circles outward from Leipzig, jumping all political borders. Finally, when the mycelia reached West German soil, the hated Berlin Wall crumbled. Could there possibly be a connection between the evolution of the magic mushroom and the evolution of our consciousness? Could a mushroom have contributed to the resolution of our political conflicts? In the past, politicians, even popes, had their own jesters and magicians, who functioned as pressure release valves in the machinations of political power struggles. It is obvious that a country whose chancellor is being pelted with eggs, urgently needs a new breed of magician who are able to readjust reality. But today, no aspiring magician should go about this task without this book as a guide for the wondrous journey into the realm of magic mushrooms. Christian Rdtsch Figure 5 - "Anthropomorphic Beings Engaged in Mushroom Dance" 10,000-year-old rock drawing in Tassili, Sahara (Algeria) CHAPTER 1 I BELIEVE THE TIME HAS COME FOR A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF NEW FINDINGS FROM THE FIELDS OF MYCOLOGY, TAXONOMY AND NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY When R.G. Wasson, R. Heim and A. Hofmann began their interdisciplinary research program to study the Mexican species of mushrooms and their usage in Mexican mushroom cults, their efforts culminated in a 1958 landmark report that described the isolation, molecular structure and synthesis of the mushrooms' active ingredients: psilocybin and psilocin. Several years later, these substances were also identified in a species of mushroom in Europe, Psilocybe semilanceata, which became the first in a series of newly discovered species. Since then, psychoactive mushrooms from other genera have been reported with increasing frequency. As part of my analytical work dedicated to the identification of naturally occurring chemicals, I had the good fortune to be part of a research team that studied alkaloids found in a variety of mushroom species. Now I believe the time has come for a comprehensive review of new findings from the fields of mycology, taxonomy and natural products chemistry. Wasson and his successors have already provided detailed accounts pertaining to the history and study of the Me xican mushroom species, so that these materials need not be repeated in this context. However, certain aspects concerning the more recent uses of these mushrooms as well as their conditions of growth will receive more detailed attention in later chapters. The main purpose of this book is to inspire further study of these mushrooms, particularly basic research efforts and medical applications of magic mushroom ingredients. The extensive bibliography will help scientists and other interested mycophiles to further immerse themselves in this complex area of study. Jochen Gartz Figure 6 - Bronze doors with mushroom motif entitled "Trial and Judgment" at Hildesheim Cathedral, Germany (ca. 1020). CHAPTER 2 REFLECTIONS ON THE HISTORY AND SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF MAGIC MUSHROOMS It is remarkable that cultures native to the American continent knew about a relatively large number of natural mind-altering substances compared to early cultures that evolved in Europe or Asia. Botanical evidence does not support the notion that Europe is home to fewer hallucinogenic plants than other regions. Furthermore, the growing number of recently discovered European mushroom species containing psilocybin indicate a flourishing psychotropic mycoflora in Europe similar to those found in other countries. It is unlikely that early European cultures learned less about local plants and mushrooms through usage and experience than cultures elsewhere in the world. Most likely, early cultural knowledge of European psychoactive plants and mushrooms was lost or destroyed at some time in history, probably as early as several hundred years ago. The discovery that the fly agaric mushroom (Amanita muscaria) was known for its psychoactive properties in Siberia invited the conclusion that this mushroom was used as a psychotropic agent in medieval Europe as well. In fact, there is very little evidence from the Middle Ages to indicate widespread knowledge of the effects of specific mushrooms on human consciousness. However, I believe that past reports on psychoactive mushrooms were causally linked to Amanita muscaria simply because this was the only known psychotropic mushroom in Europe at that time. While the usage of Amanita muscaria among Siberian tribes has generated reports of spectacular hallucinations, European accounts of fly agaric intoxications do not generally include descriptions of such intensely hallucinatory effects. Accordingly, the potent hallucinogenic effects of specific Psilocybes and related species are likely to have had a much more significant influence on early European cultures than the delirium-like visions induced by Amanita muscaria, a species that is also known to induce unconsciousness and severe somatic side effects. This hypothesis is corroborated by data from comprehensive field studies conducted in Mexico. 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Traditionally, mycologists have often neglected relatively tiny &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 &#115&#117&#99&#104&#13&#10&#97&#115 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#44 &#116&#104&#97&#116 tend to share their habitats with other, more prominent &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#13&#10&#115&#97&#114&#99&#97&#115&#116&#105&#99 &#112&#104&#114&#97&#115&#101 &#34&#84&#104&#101 mushrooms occur in abundance &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101&#118&#101&#114 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#110&#100&#34 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 pertinent in reference to the Psilocybe species.<br> &#80&#114&#105&#111&#114 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#121 of psilocybin, &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#103&#101&#110&#117&#115 &#108&#97&#110&#103&#117&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 &#105&#110 the literature, shrouded in obscurity. To this day, few 189. Psilocybe semilanceata Fr. Worthless] The cap &#105&#115 &#117&#110&#105&#102&#111&#114&#109&#108&#121 &#99&#111&#110&#105&#99 &#116&#111 bell-shaped, &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97 &#112&#111&#105&#110&#116&#121 &#111&#114 obtuse center forming an almost wart-like protrusion; initially, &#99&#97&#112&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#116&#97&#108&#108&#101&#114 than &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#114&#101 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#44 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101 bent and curved &#105&#110&#119&#97&#114&#100&#59 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#111&#110&#44 &#119&#105&#100&#116&#104 of cap &#105&#115 &#49&#46&#53&#45&#52 &#99&#109&#46 &#72&#121&#103&#114&#111&#112&#104&#97&#110&#111&#117&#115&#59 coloration is &#97 &#100&#105&#114&#116&#121&#105&#115&#104 &#111&#108&#105&#118&#101&#45&#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#119&#104&#101&#110 wet, with translucent &#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#116&#101 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115&#59 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 center, coloration is ocher or &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#105&#115&#104&#45&#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119 &#97&#103&#97&#105&#110&#115&#116 &#97&#110 &#111&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108&#108 shade of smudgy &#112&#97&#108&#101 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 &#115&#111&#109&#101 greenish stains; only &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#98&#97&#110&#100&#101&#100 by a darkcolored, &#119&#97&#116&#101&#114&#121&#13&#10&#115&#116&#114&#105&#112&#101 &#97&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#100&#103&#101&#46 No stripes &#111&#114 &#98&#97&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116 &#119&#104&#101&#110 mushrooms are completely dried.<br> Lacking a veil, caps are &#116&#104&#105&#110&#45&#102&#108&#101&#115&#104&#101&#100&#44 &#98&#97&#108&#100&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97&#110 easily separable pellicle that remains gelatinous-sticky &#102&#111&#114 &#97 &#108&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#44 turning shiny when &#100&#114&#121&#46&#13&#10&#71&#105&#108&#108&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#111&#108&#105&#118&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 to &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 the edges often remaining white, gill spacing is quite crowded; gill attachment is either roughly linear &#111&#114&#13&#10&#109&#111&#115&#116&#108&#121 &#97&#100&#110&#101&#120&#101&#100&#59 &#117&#112 &#116&#111 3.5 &#109&#109 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#59 &#97&#116&#116&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 &#97&#116 the stem only, &#102&#117&#108&#108&#121 &#100&#101&#116&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115 are elongated to ellipitical in shape, smooth and large, measuring 12-16 u by &#54&#45&#56&#44&#117&#46 &#67&#111&#108&#111&#114 &#111&#102 &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101 &#100&#117&#115&#116 is &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#116&#101&#109 &#105&#115 very slender, almost uniformly &#116&#104&#105&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#108&#119&#97&#121&#115 &#116&#119&#105&#115&#116&#101&#100&#44 6-12 cm long and 1.25-2 mm thick, yellowish &#111&#114 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#105&#115&#104 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#59 areas subjected to pressure develop bluishgreen stains.<br> Stems are silky smooth and roughly at the &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44 &#99&#111&#114&#116&#105&#110&#97&#116&#101 &#102&#105&#98&#114&#105&#108&#115 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114 like remnants of a veil, which is brittle &#97&#110&#100 &#108&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101 &#102&#105&#98&#114&#111&#117&#115 &#99&#111&#114&#100 of wool-like texture. When dry, the flesh of &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100 pale <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/amanita+muscaria+northeastern.php" title="Amanita Muscaria Northeastern" alt="Amanita Muscaria Northeastern" >Amanita Muscaria Northeastern</a> yellow, while the &#115&#116&#101&#109&#39&#115 &#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#111&#99&#104&#101&#114 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 &#101&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 towards &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#111&#116&#116&#111&#109&#46 &#73&#116 &#105&#115 odorless and its flavor is &#109&#105&#108&#100&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 August to October, frequently &#105&#110 &#103&#114&#101&#103&#97&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#99&#108&#117&#115&#116&#101&#114&#115&#44 &#97&#110&#100 can be found in pastures and along roadways, growing on &#100&#117&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#104&#97&#115 &#117&#110&#100&#101&#114&#103&#111&#110&#101 complete decomposition. &#73&#116 &#105&#115 &#110&#111&#116 &#97 particularly rare species. Figure 11(above) This excellent description &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#98&#121 Michael & Schulz (1927) &#105&#115 &#115&#104&#111&#119&#110 &#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#115 originally published in German, &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97&#110 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#105&#115&#104 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#13&#10&#77&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 spa &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#114&#105&#101&#115&#58 Finland, &#78&#111&#114&#119&#97&#121&#44&#13&#10&#83&#119&#101&#100&#101&#110&#44 &#68&#101&#110&#109&#97&#114&#107&#44 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#44 &#83&#119&#105&#116&#122&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44&#13&#10&#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#44 &#84&#104&#101 Netherlands, Belgium, France, Russia, Poland, the former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, &#82&#111&#109&#97&#110&#105&#97&#44 &#83&#99&#111&#116&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#87&#97&#108&#101&#115&#44&#13&#10&#73&#116&#97&#108&#121 and Spain. Unfortunately, there are &#110&#111 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#114&#101&#104&#101&#110&#115&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#109&#97&#112&#115 &#100&#101&#116&#97&#105&#108&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 species's distribution pattern. Traditionally, mycologists have often neglected relatively tiny &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 &#115&#117&#99&#104&#13&#10&#97&#115 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#44 that tend to share their habitats with other, more &#112&#114&#111&#109&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#13&#10&#115&#97&#114&#99&#97&#115&#116&#105&#99 &#112&#104&#114&#97&#115&#101 "The mushrooms occur in abundance wherever mycologists abound" &#105&#115&#13&#10&#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#112&#101&#114&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 &#105&#110 &#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#116&#111 the &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#80&#114&#105&#111&#114 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 discovery of psilocybin, the Psilocybe genus languished in the literature, shrouded in &#111&#98&#115&#99&#117&#114&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#84&#111 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#100&#97&#121&#44 few 189. Psilocybe semilanceata &#70&#114&#46 &#87&#111&#114&#116&#104&#108&#101&#115&#115&#93&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 &#117&#110&#105&#102&#111&#114&#109&#108&#121 &#99&#111&#110&#105&#99 to &#98&#101&#108&#108&#45&#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#100&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97 &#112&#111&#105&#110&#116&#121 or obtuse center forming an almost wart-like protrusion; initially, caps &#97&#114&#101 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#116&#97&#108&#108&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#97&#110 they are wide, margins are bent &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#117&#114&#118&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#119&#97&#114&#100&#59 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 on, &#119&#105&#100&#116&#104 &#111&#102 &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 &#49&#46&#53&#45&#52 &#99&#109&#46 Hygrophanous; &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#105&#115 &#97 &#100&#105&#114&#116&#121&#105&#115&#104 &#111&#108&#105&#118&#101&#45&#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#119&#104&#101&#110 wet, with translucent striate margins; &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44&#13&#10&#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#115 ocher &#111&#114 &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#105&#115&#104&#45&#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119 &#97&#103&#97&#105&#110&#115&#116 &#97&#110 overall shade of smudgy pale yellow and oftentimes &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#105&#115&#104 &#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#59 &#111&#110&#108&#121 the margins are banded by &#97 &#100&#97&#114&#107&#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100&#44 &#119&#97&#116&#101&#114&#121&#13&#10&#115&#116&#114&#105&#112&#101 &#97&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 the edge. No stripes or &#98&#97&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 are completely dried. Lacking a veil, caps are thin-fleshed, bald, with an easily separable pellicle &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#115 &#103&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#110&#111&#117&#115&#45&#115&#116&#105&#99&#107&#121 &#102&#111&#114 &#97 long &#116&#105&#109&#101&#44 &#116&#117&#114&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#104&#105&#110&#121 &#119&#104&#101&#110 dry. Gills &#97&#114&#101 &#111&#108&#105&#118&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111 blackish purple brown &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101 edges often remaining white, gill spacing is quite crowded; gill &#97&#116&#116&#97&#99&#104&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#105&#115 &#101&#105&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 linear or mostly adnexed; up to 3.5 mm wide; attached at the &#115&#116&#101&#109 &#111&#110&#108&#121&#44 &#102&#117&#108&#108&#121 &#100&#101&#116&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 later on. Spores are elongated to ellipitical in shape, smooth and &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101&#44 &#109&#101&#97&#115&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#49&#50&#45&#49&#54 &#117&#13&#10&#98&#121 6-8,u. Color &#111&#102 &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101 &#100&#117&#115&#116 &#105&#115 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 purple &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#116&#101&#109 &#105&#115 &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#115&#108&#101&#110&#100&#101&#114&#44 almost uniformly thin &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#108&#119&#97&#121&#115 &#116&#119&#105&#115&#116&#101&#100&#44 &#54&#45&#49&#50 cm long and 1.25-2 mm thick, yellowish or whitish &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#59 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 to pressure develop bluishgreen stains. Stems are silky smooth and roughly at the center, cortinate fibrils &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#110&#97&#110&#116&#115 &#111&#102 &#97 veil, which is brittle &#97&#110&#100 &#108&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101 fibrous &#99&#111&#114&#100 &#111&#102 &#119&#111&#111&#108&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#116&#101&#120&#116&#117&#114&#101&#46&#13&#10&#87&#104&#101&#110 &#100&#114&#121&#44 the flesh of the cap is colored pale yellow, while &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#101&#109&#39&#115 &#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#111&#99&#104&#101&#114 brown in color, especially towards &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#111&#116&#116&#111&#109&#46 &#73&#116 &#105&#115 odorless &#97&#110&#100 &#105&#116&#115 &#102&#108&#97&#118&#111&#114 &#105&#115 mild. The mushroom grows from August to October, frequently in gregarious clusters, and can be found in pastures and along &#114&#111&#97&#100&#119&#97&#121&#115&#44 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#110 &#100&#117&#110&#103 that &#104&#97&#115 &#117&#110&#100&#101&#114&#103&#111&#110&#101 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#99&#111&#109&#112&#111&#115&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 &#73&#116 &#105&#115 not &#97 &#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#114&#97&#114&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 11(above) This &#101&#120&#99&#101&#108&#108&#101&#110&#116 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#112&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 by &#77&#105&#99&#104&#97&#101&#108 &#38 &#83&#99&#104&#117&#108&#122&#13&#10&#40&#49&#57&#50&#55&#41 &#105&#115 shown &#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#115 &#111&#114&#105&#103&#105&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#112&#117&#98&#108&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 in German, with an English translation.<br> Mycologists spa have been &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#114&#105&#101&#115&#58 Finland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, &#84&#104&#101 &#78&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115&#44 &#66&#101&#108&#103&#105&#117&#109&#44 &#70&#114&#97&#110&#99&#101&#44&#13&#10&#82&#117&#115&#115&#105&#97&#44 Poland, the former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Scotland, England, Wales, Italy and Spain. Unfortunately, &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#114&#101 &#110&#111 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#114&#101&#104&#101&#110&#115&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#109&#97&#112&#115 &#100&#101&#116&#97&#105&#108&#105&#110&#103 the species's distribution pattern. Traditionally, mycologists have often neglected &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#108&#121 &#116&#105&#110&#121 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 &#115&#117&#99&#104&#13&#10&#97&#115 Psilocybe semilanceata, that tend to share &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114&#13&#10&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#97&#116&#115 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#109&#111&#114&#101 prominent species. &#84&#104&#101&#13&#10&#115&#97&#114&#99&#97&#115&#116&#105&#99 &#112&#104&#114&#97&#115&#101 &#34&#84&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 occur in abundance &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101&#118&#101&#114 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#110&#100&#34 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 pertinent in reference to &#116&#104&#101 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#80&#114&#105&#111&#114 &#116&#111 the &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#121 &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 genus languished &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#105&#116&#101&#114&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101&#44&#13&#10&#115&#104&#114&#111&#117&#100&#101&#100 &#105&#110 obscurity.<br> To this day, few 189. Psilocybe semilanceata Fr. Worthless The cap is uniformly conic to &#98&#101&#108&#108&#45&#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#100&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97 &#112&#111&#105&#110&#116&#121 or obtuse center forming an almost wart-like protrusion; initially, caps are often taller than they are wide, &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101 &#98&#101&#110&#116 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#117&#114&#118&#101&#100 inward; &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#111&#110&#44 &#119&#105&#100&#116&#104 &#111&#102 &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 1.5-4 &#99&#109&#46 &#72&#121&#103&#114&#111&#112&#104&#97&#110&#111&#117&#115&#59 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#105&#115 &#97 dirtyish olive-brown when wet, with translucent striate margins; at the center, coloration is ocher or greenish-yellow against an &#111&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108&#108 &#115&#104&#97&#100&#101 &#111&#102 &#115&#109&#117&#100&#103&#121 pale &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#105&#115&#104 stains; &#111&#110&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115 &#97&#114&#101 banded by &#97 &#100&#97&#114&#107&#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100&#44 &#119&#97&#116&#101&#114&#121&#13&#10&#115&#116&#114&#105&#112&#101 &#97&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#100&#103&#101&#46 No stripes or banding evident when &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101&#108&#121&#13&#10&#100&#114&#105&#101&#100&#46 &#76&#97&#99&#107&#105&#110&#103 a veil, &#99&#97&#112&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#105&#110&#45&#102&#108&#101&#115&#104&#101&#100&#44 &#98&#97&#108&#100&#44 with an &#101&#97&#115&#105&#108&#121 &#115&#101&#112&#97&#114&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#112&#101&#108&#108&#105&#99&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#115 gelatinous-sticky for a long time, turning shiny when &#100&#114&#121&#46&#13&#10&#71&#105&#108&#108&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#111&#108&#105&#118&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 to blackish purple brown in &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#100&#103&#101&#115 often remaining white, gill spacing &#105&#115 &#113&#117&#105&#116&#101 &#99&#114&#111&#119&#100&#101&#100&#59 &#103&#105&#108&#108 attachment is &#101&#105&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 &#108&#105&#110&#101&#97&#114 &#111&#114&#13&#10&#109&#111&#115&#116&#108&#121 adnexed; up to &#51&#46&#53 &#109&#109 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#59 &#97&#116&#116&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 at the stem only, fully detached later &#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#101&#108&#111&#110&#103&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 ellipitical in shape, &#115&#109&#111&#111&#116&#104 &#97&#110&#100 &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101&#44 &#109&#101&#97&#115&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 12-16 &#117&#13&#10&#98&#121 &#54&#45&#56&#44&#117&#46 &#67&#111&#108&#111&#114 &#111&#102 spore dust is blackish purple brown. Stem &#105&#115 &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#115&#108&#101&#110&#100&#101&#114&#44 &#97&#108&#109&#111&#115&#116 uniformly thin and always twisted, 6-12 &#99&#109 &#108&#111&#110&#103 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#49&#46&#50&#53&#45&#50 &#109&#109 thick, yellowish or whitish in color; areas subjected to &#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#117&#114&#101 &#100&#101&#118&#101&#108&#111&#112 &#98&#108&#117&#105&#115&#104&#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#13&#10&#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#46 &#83&#116&#101&#109&#115 are silky smooth and roughly at the center, &#99&#111&#114&#116&#105&#110&#97&#116&#101 &#102&#105&#98&#114&#105&#108&#115 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#110&#97&#110&#116&#115 &#111&#102 a veil, which is &#98&#114&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#108&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#119&#105&#116&#104 a white fibrous cord &#111&#102 &#119&#111&#111&#108&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#116&#101&#120&#116&#117&#114&#101&#46&#13&#10&#87&#104&#101&#110 &#100&#114&#121&#44 &#116&#104&#101 flesh of the cap &#105&#115 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100 &#112&#97&#108&#101 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#108&#101 the stem's flesh is ocher brown in color, &#101&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#116&#111&#119&#97&#114&#100&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#111&#116&#116&#111&#109&#46 It is odorless and its flavor is mild.<br> The mushroom grows &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#65&#117&#103&#117&#115&#116 &#116&#111 &#79&#99&#116&#111&#98&#101&#114&#44 frequently in &#103&#114&#101&#103&#97&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#99&#108&#117&#115&#116&#101&#114&#115&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#97&#110&#13&#10&#98&#101 found in pastures and &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#114&#111&#97&#100&#119&#97&#121&#115&#44 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#110 dung that &#104&#97&#115 &#117&#110&#100&#101&#114&#103&#111&#110&#101 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#99&#111&#109&#112&#111&#115&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 &#73&#116 is not a particularly rare species. Figure 11(above) This excellent description of Psilocybe &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#98&#121 &#77&#105&#99&#104&#97&#101&#108 &#38 Schulz (1927) is shown here as &#111&#114&#105&#103&#105&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#112&#117&#98&#108&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#44 with an English translation. Mycologists &#115&#112&#97 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 from the following countries: Finland, Norway, Sweden, &#68&#101&#110&#109&#97&#114&#107&#44 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#44 &#83&#119&#105&#116&#122&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44&#13&#10&#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#44 &#84&#104&#101 Netherlands, &#66&#101&#108&#103&#105&#117&#109&#44 &#70&#114&#97&#110&#99&#101&#44&#13&#10&#82&#117&#115&#115&#105&#97&#44 &#80&#111&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#116&#104&#101 former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, &#83&#99&#111&#116&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#87&#97&#108&#101&#115&#44&#13&#10&#73&#116&#97&#108&#121 &#97&#110&#100 Spain. Unfortunately, there are no comprehensive maps detailing the species's distribution &#112&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114&#110&#46 &#84&#114&#97&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115&#13&#10&#104&#97&#118&#101 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 neglected &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#108&#121 &#116&#105&#110&#121 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 &#115&#117&#99&#104&#13&#10&#97&#115 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 semilanceata, that tend to share their habitats with other, more prominent species. The sarcastic &#112&#104&#114&#97&#115&#101 &#34&#84&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114 in abundance wherever mycologists abound" &#105&#115&#13&#10&#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#112&#101&#114&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 &#105&#110 &#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#99&#101 to the Psilocybe species. Prior &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#121 &#111&#102 psilocybin, &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#103&#101&#110&#117&#115 &#108&#97&#110&#103&#117&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 &#105&#110 the literature, shrouded in obscurity. To this day, few 189.<br> Psilocybe semilanceata Fr. Worthless The cap is uniformly conic to bell-shaped, with a &#112&#111&#105&#110&#116&#121 &#111&#114 &#111&#98&#116&#117&#115&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114 forming an almost wart-like &#112&#114&#111&#116&#114&#117&#115&#105&#111&#110&#59 &#105&#110&#105&#116&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#99&#97&#112&#115 &#97&#114&#101 often taller &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#114&#101 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#44 margins are bent and curved inward; &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#111&#110&#44 &#119&#105&#100&#116&#104 &#111&#102 cap &#105&#115 &#49&#46&#53&#45&#52 &#99&#109&#46 &#72&#121&#103&#114&#111&#112&#104&#97&#110&#111&#117&#115&#59 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#105&#115 a &#100&#105&#114&#116&#121&#105&#115&#104 &#111&#108&#105&#118&#101&#45&#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#119&#101&#116&#44 with translucent striate margins; at the center, coloration is &#111&#99&#104&#101&#114 &#111&#114 &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#105&#115&#104&#45&#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119 &#97&#103&#97&#105&#110&#115&#116 an overall shade of &#115&#109&#117&#100&#103&#121 &#112&#97&#108&#101 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 some greenish stains; only the margins &#97&#114&#101 &#98&#97&#110&#100&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#97 darkcolored, watery stripe around the edge. No stripes or banding evident when mushrooms are completely dried. Lacking a veil, caps are thin-fleshed, bald, with an easily separable pellicle that remains gelatinous-sticky for &#97 &#108&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#44 &#116&#117&#114&#110&#105&#110&#103 shiny when dry.<br> Gills are olive brown &#116&#111 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 in color, with &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#100&#103&#101&#115 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101&#44 gill spacing is quite crowded; &#103&#105&#108&#108 &#97&#116&#116&#97&#99&#104&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#105&#115 &#101&#105&#116&#104&#101&#114 roughly linear or mostly adnexed; up to &#51&#46&#53 &#109&#109 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#59 &#97&#116&#116&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 at the stem only, fully &#100&#101&#116&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#114&#101 elongated &#116&#111 &#101&#108&#108&#105&#112&#105&#116&#105&#99&#97&#108 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/blue+shrooms/conocybe+cyanopus/" title="Blue Shrooms Conocybe Cyanopus" alt="Blue Shrooms Conocybe Cyanopus" >Blue Shrooms Conocybe Cyanopus</a> &#105&#110 &#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#44 smooth and &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101&#44 &#109&#101&#97&#115&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#49&#50&#45&#49&#54 &#117&#13&#10&#98&#121 6-8,u. Color &#111&#102 &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101 &#100&#117&#115&#116 &#105&#115 blackish purple brown. Stem is very slender, &#97&#108&#109&#111&#115&#116 &#117&#110&#105&#102&#111&#114&#109&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#105&#110 &#97&#110&#100 always twisted, 6-12 &#99&#109 &#108&#111&#110&#103 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#49&#46&#50&#53&#45&#50 &#109&#109 thick, yellowish or &#119&#104&#105&#116&#105&#115&#104 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#59 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 subjected to &#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#117&#114&#101 &#100&#101&#118&#101&#108&#111&#112 &#98&#108&#117&#105&#115&#104&#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#13&#10&#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#46 &#83&#116&#101&#109&#115 are silky smooth and roughly at &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44 &#99&#111&#114&#116&#105&#110&#97&#116&#101 &#102&#105&#98&#114&#105&#108&#115 appear like remnants &#111&#102 &#97 &#118&#101&#105&#108&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 is brittle and lined with a &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101 &#102&#105&#98&#114&#111&#117&#115 &#99&#111&#114&#100 &#111&#102 wool-like texture.<br> When dry, &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 cap is &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100 &#112&#97&#108&#101 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#108&#101 the stem's &#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#111&#99&#104&#101&#114 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 color, &#101&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#116&#111&#119&#97&#114&#100&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#111&#116&#116&#111&#109&#46 It is odorless &#97&#110&#100 &#105&#116&#115 &#102&#108&#97&#118&#111&#114 &#105&#115 mild. The &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#65&#117&#103&#117&#115&#116 to October, &#102&#114&#101&#113&#117&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121 &#105&#110 &#103&#114&#101&#103&#97&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#99&#108&#117&#115&#116&#101&#114&#115&#44 and &#99&#97&#110&#13&#10&#98&#101 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#105&#110 &#112&#97&#115&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 along roadways, growing on &#100&#117&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#104&#97&#115 &#117&#110&#100&#101&#114&#103&#111&#110&#101 complete decomposition. It is not a particularly rare species. Figure 11(above) This &#101&#120&#99&#101&#108&#108&#101&#110&#116 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#112&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 semilanceata by Michael & Schulz (1927) is shown here as originally published in German, with an English translation. Mycologists sp Dosages for Psilocybe australiana Guzmán & Watling, Psilocybe eucalypta Guzmán & It has been suggested by an Australian physician that the general public in Australia, as well as members of its drug using subculture, first became aware of the visionary properties of these psychoactive mushrooms by a visiting surfer(s), who came from either New Zealand or the United States (Hawaii) and most likely provided ethnomycological information to local surfers (McCarthy, 1971). This physician reported that the use of psychoactive mushrooms, as well as 21 other drugs "was well demonstrated during a survey on drug abuse that was conducted in Southern Queensland during l969." This survey relied on interviews of 51 people belonging to "the `surfer' subculture local beach resorts". In this report, the doctor believed that "although the survey involved surfers and their female friends, there is no suggestion that the use of these drugs is confined to this group, which constitutes but a proportion of our (Australian) young drug taking community." It is thus likely that word-of-mouth communication made a significant contribution to the increasing use of "magic mushrooms" in Australia and NZ. As they say, ʼTis the season to be pickingʼ, but make <div align="left"> &#97 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 reported from the following &#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#114&#105&#101&#115&#58 &#70&#105&#110&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#78&#111&#114&#119&#97&#121&#44&#13&#10&#83&#119&#101&#100&#101&#110&#44 &#68&#101&#110&#109&#97&#114&#107&#44 Germany, Switzerland, Austria, The Netherlands, Belgium, France, Russia, Poland, the former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Scotland, &#69&#110&#103&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#87&#97&#108&#101&#115&#44&#13&#10&#73&#116&#97&#108&#121 &#97&#110&#100 &#83&#112&#97&#105&#110&#46&#13&#10&#85&#110&#102&#111&#114&#116&#117&#110&#97&#116&#101&#108&#121&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 are no comprehensive maps detailing the species's distribution pattern. Traditionally, mycologists have &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#110&#101&#103&#108&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#108&#121 &#116&#105&#110&#121 species, such as Psilocybe semilanceata, that &#116&#101&#110&#100 &#116&#111 &#115&#104&#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114&#13&#10&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#97&#116&#115 &#119&#105&#116&#104 other, more &#112&#114&#111&#109&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#13&#10&#115&#97&#114&#99&#97&#115&#116&#105&#99 &#112&#104&#114&#97&#115&#101 "The mushrooms occur &#105&#110&#13&#10&#97&#98&#117&#110&#100&#97&#110&#99&#101 &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101&#118&#101&#114 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#110&#100&#34 is particularly pertinent in reference to the Psilocybe species.<br> Prior to the discovery of psilocybin, the Psilocybe genus languished &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#105&#116&#101&#114&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101&#44&#13&#10&#115&#104&#114&#111&#117&#100&#101&#100 &#105&#110 obscurity. To this &#100&#97&#121&#44 &#102&#101&#119&#13&#10&#49&#56&#57&#46 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 Fr. &#91&#87&#111&#114&#116&#104&#108&#101&#115&#115&#93&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 &#117&#110&#105&#102&#111&#114&#109&#108&#121 &#99&#111&#110&#105&#99 to bell-shaped, with a pointy &#111&#114 &#111&#98&#116&#117&#115&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#97&#110 almost wart-like protrusion; &#105&#110&#105&#116&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#99&#97&#112&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 taller than &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#114&#101 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#44 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101 bent and curved inward; later &#111&#110&#44 &#119&#105&#100&#116&#104 &#111&#102 &#99&#97&#112 is 1.5-4 cm. Hygrophanous; &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#105&#115 &#97 &#100&#105&#114&#116&#121&#105&#115&#104 &#111&#108&#105&#118&#101&#45&#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 when wet, &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#117&#99&#101&#110&#116 &#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#116&#101 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115&#59 at &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44&#13&#10&#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#115 &#111&#99&#104&#101&#114 or &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#105&#115&#104&#45&#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119 &#97&#103&#97&#105&#110&#115&#116 &#97&#110 &#111&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108&#108 shade of smudgy pale yellow and oftentimes some greenish stains; only the margins are banded by a &#100&#97&#114&#107&#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100&#44 &#119&#97&#116&#101&#114&#121&#13&#10&#115&#116&#114&#105&#112&#101 &#97&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 edge. No stripes or &#98&#97&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 are &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101&#108&#121&#13&#10&#100&#114&#105&#101&#100&#46 &#76&#97&#99&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#97 &#118&#101&#105&#108&#44 &#99&#97&#112&#115 are thin-fleshed, bald, with an easily separable pellicle that remains gelatinous-sticky &#102&#111&#114 &#97 &#108&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#44 turning shiny when dry.<br> Gills are &#111&#108&#105&#118&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 purple &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 <u>Caps</u> &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 the edges often remaining white, gill spacing is &#113&#117&#105&#116&#101 &#99&#114&#111&#119&#100&#101&#100&#59 &#103&#105&#108&#108 &#97&#116&#116&#97&#99&#104&#109&#101&#110&#116 is either roughly linear or mostly adnexed; up to 3.5 mm wide; attached at the stem only, fully detached later &#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#101&#108&#111&#110&#103&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 ellipitical in shape, &#115&#109&#111&#111&#116&#104 &#97&#110&#100 &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101&#44 &#109&#101&#97&#115&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#49&#50&#45&#49&#54 u by 6-8,u.<br> Color of spore &#100&#117&#115&#116 &#105&#115 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 brown. Stem is very slender, almost uniformly thin and always twisted, 6-12 cm &#108&#111&#110&#103 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#49&#46&#50&#53&#45&#50 &#109&#109 &#116&#104&#105&#99&#107&#44 yellowish &#111&#114 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#105&#115&#104 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#59 areas &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#117&#114&#101 &#100&#101&#118&#101&#108&#111&#112 bluishgreen stains. Stems are silky smooth and &#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44 cortinate fibrils appear &#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#110&#97&#110&#116&#115 &#111&#102 &#97 &#118&#101&#105&#108&#44 which &#105&#115 &#98&#114&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#108&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#119&#105&#116&#104 a white &#102&#105&#98&#114&#111&#117&#115 &#99&#111&#114&#100 &#111&#102 &#119&#111&#111&#108&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#116&#101&#120&#116&#117&#114&#101&#46&#13&#10&#87&#104&#101&#110 dry, &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 cap &#105&#115 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100 &#112&#97&#108&#101 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#108&#101 the stem's flesh is ocher &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 &#101&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 towards &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#111&#116&#116&#111&#109&#46 &#73&#116 &#105&#115 odorless and &#105&#116&#115 &#102&#108&#97&#118&#111&#114 &#105&#115 &#109&#105&#108&#100&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 mushroom grows &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#65&#117&#103&#117&#115&#116 &#116&#111 &#79&#99&#116&#111&#98&#101&#114&#44 frequently in gregarious clusters, and can be &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#105&#110 &#112&#97&#115&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 along roadways, growing on dung that has undergone complete decomposition. It is not a &#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#114&#97&#114&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#49&#49&#40&#97&#98&#111&#118&#101&#41 This excellent description of Psilocybe semilanceata by Michael & Schulz (1927) is &#115&#104&#111&#119&#110 &#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#115 &#111&#114&#105&#103&#105&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121 published in German, with an English &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#13&#10&#77&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#115&#112&#97 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 reported &#102&#114&#111&#109&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#114&#105&#101&#115&#58 &#70&#105&#110&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, The Netherlands, Belgium, France, Russia, Poland, &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#101&#114 &#67&#122&#101&#99&#104&#111&#115&#108&#111&#118&#97&#107&#105&#97&#44&#13&#10&#72&#117&#110&#103&#97&#114&#121&#44 &#82&#111&#109&#97&#110&#105&#97&#44 Scotland, England, Wales, Italy and &#83&#112&#97&#105&#110&#46&#13&#10&#85&#110&#102&#111&#114&#116&#117&#110&#97&#116&#101&#108&#121&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#114&#101 &#110&#111 comprehensive maps detailing &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#39&#115&#13&#10&#100&#105&#115&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#112&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114&#110&#46 &#84&#114&#97&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115&#13&#10&#104&#97&#118&#101 often neglected relatively tiny &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 &#115&#117&#99&#104&#13&#10&#97&#115 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#44 that tend &#116&#111 &#115&#104&#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114&#13&#10&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#97&#116&#115 &#119&#105&#116&#104 other, more prominent species. The sarcastic phrase "The mushrooms occur in abundance wherever mycologists abound" is particularly pertinent in reference &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#80&#114&#105&#111&#114 to the discovery of psilocybin, the Psilocybe genus languished in &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#105&#116&#101&#114&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101&#44&#13&#10&#115&#104&#114&#111&#117&#100&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#111&#98&#115&#99&#117&#114&#105&#116&#121&#46 To this day, few 189.<br> Psilocybe semilanceata Fr. Worthless] The cap is uniformly conic to bell-shaped, with a pointy &#111&#114 &#111&#98&#116&#117&#115&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#97&#110 almost wart-like protrusion; initially, caps are often taller than they are wide, margins are bent and curved inward; &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#111&#110&#44 &#119&#105&#100&#116&#104 &#111&#102 cap is 1.5-4 cm. &#72&#121&#103&#114&#111&#112&#104&#97&#110&#111&#117&#115&#59 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#105&#115 &#97 &#100&#105&#114&#116&#121&#105&#115&#104 olive-brown when wet, with translucent striate margins; at the &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44&#13&#10&#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#115 &#111&#99&#104&#101&#114 &#111&#114 greenish-yellow against an &#111&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108&#108 &#115&#104&#97&#100&#101 &#111&#102 &#115&#109&#117&#100&#103&#121 &#112&#97&#108&#101 yellow and oftentimes some greenish stains; only the margins are banded by a darkcolored, watery stripe around &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#100&#103&#101&#46 &#78&#111 &#115&#116&#114&#105&#112&#101&#115 or banding evident &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101&#108&#121&#13&#10&#100&#114&#105&#101&#100&#46 &#76&#97&#99&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#97 veil, caps are thin-fleshed, bald, with an &#101&#97&#115&#105&#108&#121 &#115&#101&#112&#97&#114&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#112&#101&#108&#108&#105&#99&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#115 gelatinous-sticky for a long time, turning shiny when dry. Gills are olive brown &#116&#111 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 color, with the &#101&#100&#103&#101&#115 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101&#44 &#103&#105&#108&#108 spacing is quite crowded; &#103&#105&#108&#108 &#97&#116&#116&#97&#99&#104&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#105&#115 &#101&#105&#116&#104&#101&#114 roughly linear &#111&#114&#13&#10&#109&#111&#115&#116&#108&#121 &#97&#100&#110&#101&#120&#101&#100&#59 &#117&#112 &#116&#111 3.5 mm wide; attached at &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#101&#109 &#111&#110&#108&#121&#44 &#102&#117&#108&#108&#121 detached &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#101&#108&#111&#110&#103&#97&#116&#101&#100 to ellipitical in shape, smooth and large, measuring &#49&#50&#45&#49&#54 &#117&#13&#10&#98&#121 &#54&#45&#56&#44&#117&#46 &#67&#111&#108&#111&#114 of spore dust is blackish purple brown. Stem is &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#115&#108&#101&#110&#100&#101&#114&#44 &#97&#108&#109&#111&#115&#116 &#117&#110&#105&#102&#111&#114&#109&#108&#121 thin and always twisted, 6-12 cm &#108&#111&#110&#103 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#49&#46&#50&#53&#45&#50 &#109&#109 &#116&#104&#105&#99&#107&#44 yellowish or whitish in color; areas subjected to &#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#117&#114&#101 &#100&#101&#118&#101&#108&#111&#112 &#98&#108&#117&#105&#115&#104&#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#13&#10&#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#46 &#83&#116&#101&#109&#115 are silky smooth and roughly at the &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44 &#99&#111&#114&#116&#105&#110&#97&#116&#101 &#102&#105&#98&#114&#105&#108&#115 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#110&#97&#110&#116&#115 of a veil, which &#105&#115 &#98&#114&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#108&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#119&#105&#116&#104 a &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101 &#102&#105&#98&#114&#111&#117&#115 &#99&#111&#114&#100 &#111&#102 wool-like texture. When dry, the flesh of the cap is colored pale yellow, while the stem's flesh is ocher brown &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 &#101&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#116&#111&#119&#97&#114&#100&#115 &#116&#104&#101 bottom. It is odorless &#97&#110&#100 &#105&#116&#115 &#102&#108&#97&#118&#111&#114 &#105&#115 mild. The mushroom grows &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#65&#117&#103&#117&#115&#116 &#116&#111 &#79&#99&#116&#111&#98&#101&#114&#44 frequently in gregarious clusters, and can be found in pastures &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#114&#111&#97&#100&#119&#97&#121&#115&#44 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#110 dung that &#104&#97&#115 &#117&#110&#100&#101&#114&#103&#111&#110&#101 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#99&#111&#109&#112&#111&#115&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 &#73&#116 &#105&#115 not a &#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#114&#97&#114&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#49&#49&#40&#97&#98&#111&#118&#101&#41 &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#101&#120&#99&#101&#108&#108&#101&#110&#116 description of Psilocybe &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#98&#121 &#77&#105&#99&#104&#97&#101&#108 &#38 Schulz (1927) &#105&#115 &#115&#104&#111&#119&#110 &#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#115 originally published in German, with &#97&#110 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#105&#115&#104 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#13&#10&#77&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#115&#112&#97 &#104&#97&#118&#101 been reported &#102&#114&#111&#109&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#114&#105&#101&#115&#58 &#70&#105&#110&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 Norway, Sweden, &#68&#101&#110&#109&#97&#114&#107&#44 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#44 &#83&#119&#105&#116&#122&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44&#13&#10&#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#44 &#84&#104&#101 Netherlands, Belgium, France, Russia, &#80&#111&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#101&#114 &#67&#122&#101&#99&#104&#111&#115&#108&#111&#118&#97&#107&#105&#97&#44&#13&#10&#72&#117&#110&#103&#97&#114&#121&#44 &#82&#111&#109&#97&#110&#105&#97&#44 &#83&#99&#111&#116&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 Wales, Italy &#97&#110&#100 &#83&#112&#97&#105&#110&#46&#13&#10&#85&#110&#102&#111&#114&#116&#117&#110&#97&#116&#101&#108&#121&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#114&#101 &#110&#111 comprehensive maps detailing the species's distribution pattern. Traditionally, &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115&#13&#10&#104&#97&#118&#101 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#110&#101&#103&#108&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#108&#121 tiny species, &#115&#117&#99&#104&#13&#10&#97&#115 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#44 &#116&#104&#97&#116 tend to share &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114&#13&#10&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#97&#116&#115 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#109&#111&#114&#101 prominent &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#13&#10&#115&#97&#114&#99&#97&#115&#116&#105&#99 &#112&#104&#114&#97&#115&#101 &#34&#84&#104&#101 mushrooms occur in abundance wherever mycologists abound" is particularly pertinent in reference to the Psilocybe species.<br> Prior &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#121 &#111&#102 psilocybin, &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#103&#101&#110&#117&#115 &#108&#97&#110&#103&#117&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 &#105&#110 the &#108&#105&#116&#101&#114&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101&#44&#13&#10&#115&#104&#114&#111&#117&#100&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#111&#98&#115&#99&#117&#114&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#84&#111 this day, few 189. Psilocybe semilanceata &#70&#114&#46 &#91&#87&#111&#114&#116&#104&#108&#101&#115&#115&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 uniformly conic to bell-shaped, with a pointy or &#111&#98&#116&#117&#115&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#97&#110 &#97&#108&#109&#111&#115&#116 wart-like protrusion; initially, caps are <u>Caps</u> often taller than &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#114&#101 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#44 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101 bent and curved inward; later on, width of cap is &#49&#46&#53&#45&#52 &#99&#109&#46 &#72&#121&#103&#114&#111&#112&#104&#97&#110&#111&#117&#115&#59 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#105&#115 a &#100&#105&#114&#116&#121&#105&#115&#104 &#111&#108&#105&#118&#101&#45&#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#119&#101&#116&#44 with translucent striate margins; at the center, coloration &#105&#115 &#111&#99&#104&#101&#114 &#111&#114 &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#105&#115&#104&#45&#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119 against an &#111&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108&#108 &#115&#104&#97&#100&#101 &#111&#102 &#115&#109&#117&#100&#103&#121 pale yellow and oftentimes some greenish stains; only the margins are banded &#98&#121 &#97 &#100&#97&#114&#107&#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100&#44 &#119&#97&#116&#101&#114&#121&#13&#10&#115&#116&#114&#105&#112&#101 &#97&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 the edge. No stripes or banding evident &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101&#108&#121&#13&#10&#100&#114&#105&#101&#100&#46 Lacking a veil, &#99&#97&#112&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#105&#110&#45&#102&#108&#101&#115&#104&#101&#100&#44 &#98&#97&#108&#100&#44 with an easily separable pellicle that remains gelatinous-sticky for a long time, turning shiny when dry.<br> Gills are olive brown &#116&#111 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 color, with the edges &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101&#44 &#103&#105&#108&#108 &#115&#112&#97&#99&#105&#110&#103 is quite crowded; gill attachment is either roughly linear or mostly &#97&#100&#110&#101&#120&#101&#100&#59 &#117&#112 &#116&#111 &#51&#46&#53 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/Panaeolus+subbalteatus+how+to+find/mushrooms+goldtop+cow+manure+australia.php" title="Panaeolus Subbalteatus How To Find Mushrooms Goldtop Cow Manure Australia" alt="Panaeolus Subbalteatus How To Find Mushrooms Goldtop Cow Manure Australia" >Panaeolus Subbalteatus How To Find Mushrooms Goldtop Cow Manure Australia</a> mm wide; attached at the &#115&#116&#101&#109 &#111&#110&#108&#121&#44 &#102&#117&#108&#108&#121 &#100&#101&#116&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 later on. Spores are elongated &#116&#111 &#101&#108&#108&#105&#112&#105&#116&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#105&#110 &#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#44 smooth and large, &#109&#101&#97&#115&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#49&#50&#45&#49&#54 &#117&#13&#10&#98&#121 &#54&#45&#56&#44&#117&#46 Color of spore dust is blackish &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#116&#101&#109 &#105&#115 &#118&#101&#114&#121 slender, &#97&#108&#109&#111&#115&#116 &#117&#110&#105&#102&#111&#114&#109&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#105&#110 &#97&#110&#100 always &#116&#119&#105&#115&#116&#101&#100&#44 &#54&#45&#49&#50 &#99&#109 &#108&#111&#110&#103 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#49&#46&#50&#53&#45&#50 mm &#116&#104&#105&#99&#107&#44 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#115&#104 &#111&#114 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#105&#115&#104 in color; areas &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#117&#114&#101 &#100&#101&#118&#101&#108&#111&#112 bluishgreen stains. &#83&#116&#101&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#115&#105&#108&#107&#121 &#115&#109&#111&#111&#116&#104 and roughly at the &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44 &#99&#111&#114&#116&#105&#110&#97&#116&#101 &#102&#105&#98&#114&#105&#108&#115 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114 like remnants of &#97 &#118&#101&#105&#108&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#105&#115 brittle and lined with a white fibrous cord of wool-like texture.<br> When dry, the flesh of the cap is &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100 &#112&#97&#108&#101 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#108&#101 the &#115&#116&#101&#109&#39&#115 &#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#111&#99&#104&#101&#114 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 color, especially towards the bottom. It is &#111&#100&#111&#114&#108&#101&#115&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#105&#116&#115 &#102&#108&#97&#118&#111&#114 is mild.<br> The &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 <H2>Caps</H2> &#103&#114&#111&#119&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#65&#117&#103&#117&#115&#116 to October, &#102&#114&#101&#113&#117&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121 &#105&#110 &#103&#114&#101&#103&#97&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#99&#108&#117&#115&#116&#101&#114&#115&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#97&#110&#13&#10&#98&#101 found in pastures and along roadways, growing on &#100&#117&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#104&#97&#115 &#117&#110&#100&#101&#114&#103&#111&#110&#101 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/vision+while+on+mushrooms.php" title="Vision While On Mushrooms" alt="Vision While On Mushrooms" >Vision While On Mushrooms</a> complete decomposition. It is not a particularly rare species. Figure 11(above) This excellent description of Psilocybe &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#98&#121 &#77&#105&#99&#104&#97&#101&#108 &#38 Schulz (1927) is shown here as originally published in German, with an English &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#13&#10&#77&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#115&#112&#97 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 reported from the following countries: Finland, Norway, Sweden, &#68&#101&#110&#109&#97&#114&#107&#44 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#44 &#83&#119&#105&#116&#122&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44&#13&#10&#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#44 &#84&#104&#101 Netherlands, Belgium, France, Russia, &#80&#111&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#101&#114 &#67&#122&#101&#99&#104&#111&#115&#108&#111&#118&#97&#107&#105&#97&#44&#13&#10&#72&#117&#110&#103&#97&#114&#121&#44 Romania, Scotland, England, Wales, Italy and Spain. Unfortunately, there are no comprehensive maps detailing the species's distribution pattern. Traditionally, mycologists have often neglected relatively &#116&#105&#110&#121 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 &#115&#117&#99&#104&#13&#10&#97&#115 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 semilanceata, that tend to &#115&#104&#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114&#13&#10&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#97&#116&#115 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 more prominent species.<br> The sarcastic phrase &#34&#84&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#97&#98&#117&#110&#100&#97&#110&#99&#101 wherever mycologists abound" is particularly pertinent in reference &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#80&#114&#105&#111&#114 to the discovery of psilocybin, the Psilocybe genus languished in &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#105&#116&#101&#114&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101&#44&#13&#10&#115&#104&#114&#111&#117&#100&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#111&#98&#115&#99&#117&#114&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#84&#111 this day, few 189. Psilocybe &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#70&#114&#46 &#87&#111&#114&#116&#104&#108&#101&#115&#115&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#99&#97&#112 is uniformly conic to bell-shaped, with &#97 &#112&#111&#105&#110&#116&#121 &#111&#114 &#111&#98&#116&#117&#115&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114 forming an almost wart-like protrusion; initially, caps are often taller than they &#97&#114&#101 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#44 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101 &#98&#101&#110&#116 &#97&#110&#100 curved inward; &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#111&#110&#44 &#119&#105&#100&#116&#104 &#111&#102 cap is 1.5-4 cm. &#72&#121&#103&#114&#111&#112&#104&#97&#110&#111&#117&#115&#59 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#105&#115 &#97 &#100&#105&#114&#116&#121&#105&#115&#104 olive-brown when wet, &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#117&#99&#101&#110&#116 &#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#116&#101 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115&#59 at the center, coloration is ocher or greenish-yellow against an overall shade &#111&#102 &#115&#109&#117&#100&#103&#121 &#112&#97&#108&#101 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119 and oftentimes some greenish stains; only &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#98&#97&#110&#100&#101&#100 &#98&#121 a darkcolored, watery stripe around the edge. No stripes or banding evident when mushrooms are completely dried. Lacking a veil, &#99&#97&#112&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#105&#110&#45&#102&#108&#101&#115&#104&#101&#100&#44 &#98&#97&#108&#100&#44 with an &#101&#97&#115&#105&#108&#121 &#115&#101&#112&#97&#114&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#112&#101&#108&#108&#105&#99&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#115 gelatinous-sticky for a long time, turning shiny when dry.<br> Gills are &#111&#108&#105&#118&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 purple &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 the edges often remaining white, &#103&#105&#108&#108 &#115&#112&#97&#99&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#115 &#113&#117&#105&#116&#101 crowded; gill attachment is &#101&#105&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 &#108&#105&#110&#101&#97&#114 &#111&#114&#13&#10&#109&#111&#115&#116&#108&#121 adnexed; &#117&#112 &#116&#111 &#51&#46&#53 &#109&#109 wide; attached &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#101&#109 &#111&#110&#108&#121&#44 &#102&#117&#108&#108&#121 detached later on. Spores are elongated to ellipitical in shape, smooth and large, measuring 12-16 &#117&#13&#10&#98&#121 &#54&#45&#56&#44&#117&#46 &#67&#111&#108&#111&#114 &#111&#102 &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101 dust &#105&#115 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#116&#101&#109 &#105&#115 &#118&#101&#114&#121 slender, almost uniformly thin and always twisted, 6-12 &#99&#109 &#108&#111&#110&#103 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#49&#46&#50&#53&#45&#50 &#109&#109 thick, yellowish or whitish in color; areas &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#117&#114&#101 &#100&#101&#118&#101&#108&#111&#112 bluishgreen stains. Stems are silky smooth and roughly at the center, cortinate fibrils appear like remnants of a &#118&#101&#105&#108&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#105&#115 &#98&#114&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101 and lined with a white fibrous cord of wool-like texture. When dry, &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 cap is colored pale yellow, &#119&#104&#105&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#101&#109&#39&#115 &#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 is ocher brown in color, especially towards the bottom. It is &#111&#100&#111&#114&#108&#101&#115&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#105&#116&#115 &#102&#108&#97&#118&#111&#114 &#105&#115 &#109&#105&#108&#100&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 mushroom grows from August &#116&#111 &#79&#99&#116&#111&#98&#101&#114&#44 &#102&#114&#101&#113&#117&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121 &#105&#110 gregarious clusters, and &#99&#97&#110&#13&#10&#98&#101 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#105&#110 &#112&#97&#115&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 and along roadways, growing on dung that has undergone complete decomposition. It is not a particularly rare species. Figure &#49&#49&#40&#97&#98&#111&#118&#101&#41 &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#101&#120&#99&#101&#108&#108&#101&#110&#116 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#112&#116&#105&#111&#110 of &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#98&#121 &#77&#105&#99&#104&#97&#101&#108 &#38 Schulz (1927) is shown here as originally published in German, with an English translation. Mycologists &#115&#112 </div> Most users of the psychoactive visionary mushrooms have very little knowledge of their scientific names. Instead, they have given their favorite species local epithets which are commonly used by those who collect and ingest them. Some of these popular names are also known and applied by users outside of Australia and NZ. "Magic Mushrooms" is the most common term applied to any mushroom which contains psilocybine and/or psilocine. It was invented by a Life Magazine editor in l957 ( see Wasson, l957). Psilocybe cubensis is known in Australia as "golden tops", "gold tops" or sometimes "gold caps." The Australian epithets may have been given to this species by members of a local, drugusing group of surfers which frequented the Gold Coast region of Eastern Australia; however, some of these names have apparently been used to describe several different species of Psilocybe by users in Australia (see Allen, 1997). As mentioned above, Psilocybe cubensis is not known to occur in New Zealand. Those who ingest Copelandia cyanescens, known in Australia and New Zealand as "blue meanies", also refer to this species as "Blue Legs", "golden tops" or "gold caps". The latter two nicknames, as well as "dimple tops" and "cone heads", are common terms applied to Copelandia cyanescens in the Hawaiian Islands; and some of these same popular names have also been used by visiting surfers from both New Zealand and Australia, to describe the macroscopic characteristics of Copelandia cyanescens. These same surfers visiting Hawaii's North Shore have reportedly ingested mushrooms prior to surfing, as do many of the locally based surfers in Australia and NZ. and familiarity with psychotropic mushrooms in Europe that is most likely derived from usage of Psilocybes and related species, rather than experience with Amanita muscaria. However, it is extremely difficult to reject or confirm this hypothesis, due to the lack of conclusive data available for analysis today. Bwyd Ellylon: A Feast of Fairies in Celebration of the Spirit World Tales of ritualistic mushroom usage have found their way into the realm of myths and legends. For instance, one legend describes a peculiar poisonous mushroom in Wales (British Isles) with the strange name of Bwyd Ellylon, which was considered a delicacy by fairies feasting in celebration of the spirit world. Psilocybe semilanceata is the most important psilocybincontaining mushroom in Europe and it thrives in parts of Great Britain, where the mushroom grows abundantly all across the Welsh countryside during fall season. I would like to thank G. Samorini for pointing out that the Inquisition was unusually cruel and vicious in the Alpine valleys of Valcamonica, Valtrompia and Valtellina (located in the provinces of Brescia and Sandrio in Northern Italy). Many books chronicle countless witch burnings in that region, with particular emphasis on the witches' meetings at the "Monte del Tonale", located at an altitude of 2000 m (ca. 6,000 ft). Field research has shown that plants of the nightshade family ("witching herbs") do not grow at this altitude; even the fly agaric mushroom is rarely found there. By contrast, pastures in the area abound with Psilocybe semilanceata during the fall. Given this historical context, it would seem likely that Psilocybe semilanceata played an important role as a psychotropic agent in the region (see Figure 58, Chapter 7.4). In light of medieval accounts describing the practice of witchcraft, it is interesting to note that a subjective sensation of flying or levitation is among the commonly reported effects of psilocybin intoxication. Berserk Rage of Nordic Warriors In the course of the ideological power struggle between Christianity and the remnants of pagan religions that worshipped Nature, many sources of knowledge were lost. The aggressive repression and eradication of pre-Christian customs all but destroyed the continuity of Europe's original cultural heritage, along with much historic evidence documenting early cultural practices, including the usage of plants and mushrooms for the purpose of temporary alterations of consciousness. Some authors went so far as to blame the fly agaric mushroom for proverbial fits of "berserk rage" attributed to Nordic warriors. Many accounts detailing this phenomenon allude to a "deception of the eyes" (i.e. visual hallucinations). After the Nordic legal system banished the practice of "going berserk", it disappeared quite suddenly during the 12th century. At about the same time, Saxo Grammaticus speculated that the Berserkers may have used mag CATTLE AS A POSSIBLE DISPERSAL MECHANISM FOR PSYCHOACTIVE DUNG FUNGI One may ask the question, "how did these mushrooms arrive in Australia and New Zealand?" Well some species may be endemic,that is, they were already there naturally. Other species such as the above described dung-inhabiting mushrooms most likelyappeared after the introduction of cattle on the subcontinent.The first livestock to arrive in Australia were brought from the Cape of Good Hope in1788, and included 2 bulls and 5 cows, along with other domesticated farm animals. Byl803, the government owned approximately 1800 cattle, most of which were importedfrom the Cape, Calcutta, and the west coast of America. It was during this period thatsome of the visionary mushrooms mentioned in this field guide probably first appeared inAustralia (Unsigned, 1973). According to Australian mycologist John Burton Cleland(1934), "fungi growing in cow or horse-dung and confined to such habitats, must in thecase of Australia, all belong to introduced species". It is believed to have been the SouthAfrican dung beetle which may have actually spread the spores. According to Englishmycologist Roy Watling of the Royal Botanic Gardens in Glasgow, Scotland, "it must beremembered that fungi can change substrate preferences and there are coprophilousfungi on kangaroo droppings etc." Some mycologists who have studied the "magicmushrooms" in Australia and NZ claim that the "use of P. cubensis as a recreational drugtends to confirm the belief that some] farmers in early times may have] added one or two basidiomes gilled mushrooms] to a mealto liven it up and still do] Margot & Watling, 1981)." a have been reported from the following &#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#114&#105&#101&#115&#58 &#70&#105&#110&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#78&#111&#114&#119&#97&#121&#44&#13&#10&#83&#119&#101&#100&#101&#110&#44 &#68&#101&#110&#109&#97&#114&#107&#44 Germany, Switzerland, Austria, The &#78&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115&#44 &#66&#101&#108&#103&#105&#117&#109&#44 &#70&#114&#97&#110&#99&#101&#44&#13&#10&#82&#117&#115&#115&#105&#97&#44 &#80&#111&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 the former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Scotland, England, Wales, Italy and Spain.<br> Unfortunately, there are no comprehensive maps detailing the species's distribution pattern. Traditionally, &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115&#13&#10&#104&#97&#118&#101 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#110&#101&#103&#108&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#108&#121 tiny &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 &#115&#117&#99&#104&#13&#10&#97&#115 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#44 &#116&#104&#97&#116 tend &#116&#111 &#115&#104&#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114&#13&#10&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#97&#116&#115 &#119&#105&#116&#104 other, more &#112&#114&#111&#109&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#13&#10&#115&#97&#114&#99&#97&#115&#116&#105&#99 &#112&#104&#114&#97&#115&#101 "The mushrooms &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#97&#98&#117&#110&#100&#97&#110&#99&#101 &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101&#118&#101&#114 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 abound" &#105&#115&#13&#10&#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#112&#101&#114&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 &#105&#110 &#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#99&#101 to the Psilocybe species.<br> Prior to the discovery &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#103&#101&#110&#117&#115 languished in the literature, shrouded in obscurity. To this &#100&#97&#121&#44 &#102&#101&#119&#13&#10&#49&#56&#57&#46 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 Fr. Worthless] The &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 &#117&#110&#105&#102&#111&#114&#109&#108&#121 &#99&#111&#110&#105&#99 to bell-shaped, with a pointy or obtuse &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#97&#110 &#97&#108&#109&#111&#115&#116 &#119&#97&#114&#116&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101 protrusion; initially, caps are &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#116&#97&#108&#108&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#121 are wide, margins are bent &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#117&#114&#118&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#119&#97&#114&#100&#59 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 on, width of cap is 1.5-4 cm. Hygrophanous; coloration is a &#100&#105&#114&#116&#121&#105&#115&#104 &#111&#108&#105&#118&#101&#45&#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#119&#101&#116&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 translucent &#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#116&#101 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115&#59 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 center, coloration is ocher or greenish-yellow against an overall shade of &#115&#109&#117&#100&#103&#121 &#112&#97&#108&#101 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 some &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#105&#115&#104 &#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#59 &#111&#110&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#101 margins are banded by a darkcolored, watery stripe around the edge. No stripes or banding evident when mushrooms are completely dried. Lacking a veil, caps are &#116&#104&#105&#110&#45&#102&#108&#101&#115&#104&#101&#100&#44 &#98&#97&#108&#100&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97&#110 easily separable &#112&#101&#108&#108&#105&#99&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#115 &#103&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#110&#111&#117&#115&#45&#115&#116&#105&#99&#107&#121 &#102&#111&#114 &#97 long time, &#116&#117&#114&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#104&#105&#110&#121 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#100&#114&#121&#46&#13&#10&#71&#105&#108&#108&#115 are olive brown to &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 color, with the edges &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101&#44 &#103&#105&#108&#108 &#115&#112&#97&#99&#105&#110&#103 is quite crowded; gill attachment is either roughly linear or mostly &#97&#100&#110&#101&#120&#101&#100&#59 &#117&#112 &#116&#111 &#51&#46&#53 mm wide; attached &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#101&#109 &#111&#110&#108&#121&#44 fully &#100&#101&#116&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#114&#101 elongated to &#101&#108&#108&#105&#112&#105&#116&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#105&#110 &#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#44 &#115&#109&#111&#111&#116&#104 and large, measuring 12-16 &#117&#13&#10&#98&#121 &#54&#45&#56&#44&#117&#46 &#67&#111&#108&#111&#114 &#111&#102 spore dust is blackish purple brown. Stem is very slender, almost uniformly &#116&#104&#105&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#108&#119&#97&#121&#115 &#116&#119&#105&#115&#116&#101&#100&#44 6-12 cm &#108&#111&#110&#103 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#49&#46&#50&#53&#45&#50 &#109&#109 &#116&#104&#105&#99&#107&#44 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#115&#104 or whitish in &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#59 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 pressure develop bluishgreen stains.<br> Stems are silky smooth and roughly &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44 &#99&#111&#114&#116&#105&#110&#97&#116&#101 fibrils appear like remnants of a veil, which is &#98&#114&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#108&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#119&#105&#116&#104 a &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101 &#102&#105&#98&#114&#111&#117&#115 &#99&#111&#114&#100 &#111&#102 wool-like texture.<br> When dry, &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 cap is &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100 &#112&#97&#108&#101 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#108&#101 the &#115&#116&#101&#109&#39&#115 &#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#111&#99&#104&#101&#114 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 color, especially &#116&#111&#119&#97&#114&#100&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#111&#116&#116&#111&#109&#46 &#73&#116 is odorless and its flavor is mild. The mushroom grows from August to October, &#102&#114&#101&#113&#117&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121 &#105&#110 &#103&#114&#101&#103&#97&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#99&#108&#117&#115&#116&#101&#114&#115&#44 &#97&#110&#100 can be found in &#112&#97&#115&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#114&#111&#97&#100&#119&#97&#121&#115&#44 growing on &#100&#117&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#104&#97&#115 &#117&#110&#100&#101&#114&#103&#111&#110&#101 complete decomposition. It is not a particularly rare species.<br> Figure &#49&#49&#40&#97&#98&#111&#118&#101&#41 &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#101&#120&#99&#101&#108&#108&#101&#110&#116 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#112&#116&#105&#111&#110 of Psilocybe semilanceata &#98&#121 &#77&#105&#99&#104&#97&#101&#108 &#38 &#83&#99&#104&#117&#108&#122&#13&#10&#40&#49&#57&#50&#55&#41 is shown here as originally published in German, with &#97&#110 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#105&#115&#104 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#13&#10&#77&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#115&#112&#97 &#104&#97&#118&#101 been reported &#102&#114&#111&#109&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#114&#105&#101&#115&#58 &#70&#105&#110&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, The Netherlands, Belgium, France, Russia, Poland, the former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Scotland, England, Wales, Italy &#97&#110&#100 &#83&#112&#97&#105&#110&#46&#13&#10&#85&#110&#102&#111&#114&#116&#117&#110&#97&#116&#101&#108&#121&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#114&#101 no comprehensive maps detailing the &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#39&#115&#13&#10&#100&#105&#115&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#112&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114&#110&#46 &#84&#114&#97&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115&#13&#10&#104&#97&#118&#101 often neglected relatively tiny &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 &#115&#117&#99&#104&#13&#10&#97&#115 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#44 that tend to share their habitats with other, more prominent species. &#84&#104&#101&#13&#10&#115&#97&#114&#99&#97&#115&#116&#105&#99 &#112&#104&#114&#97&#115&#101 &#34&#84&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 occur in abundance wherever mycologists abound" is particularly pertinent in reference to the Psilocybe species.<br> Prior to the discovery of psilocybin, the Psilocybe genus &#108&#97&#110&#103&#117&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#105&#116&#101&#114&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101&#44&#13&#10&#115&#104&#114&#111&#117&#100&#101&#100 in obscurity. To &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#100&#97&#121&#44 &#102&#101&#119&#13&#10&#49&#56&#57&#46 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 semilanceata Fr. Worthless] The cap is uniformly conic to &#98&#101&#108&#108&#45&#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#100&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97 &#112&#111&#105&#110&#116&#121 or obtuse &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#97&#110 &#97&#108&#109&#111&#115&#116 &#119&#97&#114&#116&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101 protrusion; initially, caps &#97&#114&#101 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#116&#97&#108&#108&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#97&#110 they &#97&#114&#101 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#44 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101 &#98&#101&#110&#116 and curved inward; later on, &#119&#105&#100&#116&#104 &#111&#102 &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 1.5-4 cm. Hygrophanous; &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#105&#115 &#97 &#100&#105&#114&#116&#121&#105&#115&#104 &#111&#108&#105&#118&#101&#45&#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#119&#104&#101&#110 wet, with translucent striate margins; at the center, coloration is ocher or greenish-yellow against an &#111&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108&#108 &#115&#104&#97&#100&#101 &#111&#102 &#115&#109&#117&#100&#103&#121 pale &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#105&#115&#104 stains; &#111&#110&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115 &#97&#114&#101 banded by a darkcolored, watery stripe around the &#101&#100&#103&#101&#46 &#78&#111 &#115&#116&#114&#105&#112&#101&#115 &#111&#114 &#98&#97&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103 evident when mushrooms are completely dried. Lacking a &#118&#101&#105&#108&#44 &#99&#97&#112&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#105&#110&#45&#102&#108&#101&#115&#104&#101&#100&#44 bald, with an easily separable pellicle <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/kansas+compost+shrooms.php" title="Kansas Compost Shrooms" alt="Kansas Compost Shrooms" >Kansas Compost Shrooms</a> that remains gelatinous-sticky for a long time, turning shiny when dry. Gills are olive brown to blackish &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 with the edges &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101&#44 &#103&#105&#108&#108 &#115&#112&#97&#99&#105&#110&#103 is quite crowded; gill attachment is either roughly linear or mostly adnexed; up to 3.5 mm wide; <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/iowasmagicmushrooms.php" title="Iowasmagicmushrooms" alt="Iowasmagicmushrooms" >Iowasmagicmushrooms</a> attached &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#101&#109 &#111&#110&#108&#121&#44 fully detached later on. Spores are elongated &#116&#111 &#101&#108&#108&#105&#112&#105&#116&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#105&#110 &#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#44 smooth and large, measuring &#49&#50&#45&#49&#54 &#117&#13&#10&#98&#121 &#54&#45&#56&#44&#117&#46 &#67&#111&#108&#111&#114 of spore dust is blackish &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#116&#101&#109 &#105&#115 &#118&#101&#114&#121 slender, &#97&#108&#109&#111&#115&#116 &#117&#110&#105&#102&#111&#114&#109&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#105&#110 &#97&#110&#100 always twisted, 6-12 cm long and 1.25-2 mm thick, yellowish &#111&#114 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#105&#115&#104 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#59 areas subjected to pressure develop bluishgreen stains. Stems are silky smooth and roughly at the center, &#99&#111&#114&#116&#105&#110&#97&#116&#101 &#102&#105&#98&#114&#105&#108&#115 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#110&#97&#110&#116&#115 of a veil, &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#105&#115 &#98&#114&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#97&#110&#100 lined with a &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101 &#102&#105&#98&#114&#111&#117&#115 &#99&#111&#114&#100 &#111&#102 wool-like texture. When dry, the flesh of the cap &#105&#115 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100 &#112&#97&#108&#101 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#44 while the stem's &#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#111&#99&#104&#101&#114 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 color, especially &#116&#111&#119&#97&#114&#100&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#111&#116&#116&#111&#109&#46 &#73&#116 is &#111&#100&#111&#114&#108&#101&#115&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#105&#116&#115 &#102&#108&#97&#118&#111&#114 &#105&#115 mild.<br> The &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#65&#117&#103&#117&#115&#116 to October, frequently in gregarious clusters, and can be found &#105&#110 &#112&#97&#115&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 roadways, &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#110 &#100&#117&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#104&#97&#115 undergone complete decomposition. It is not a particularly rare &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#49&#49&#40&#97&#98&#111&#118&#101&#41 &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#101&#120&#99&#101&#108&#108&#101&#110&#116 description of Psilocybe semilanceata &#98&#121 &#77&#105&#99&#104&#97&#101&#108 &#38 &#83&#99&#104&#117&#108&#122&#13&#10&#40&#49&#57&#50&#55&#41 is shown here as originally published in German, with an &#69&#110&#103&#108&#105&#115&#104 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#13&#10&#77&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#115&#112&#97 &#104&#97&#118&#101 been reported from the following countries: Finland, &#78&#111&#114&#119&#97&#121&#44&#13&#10&#83&#119&#101&#100&#101&#110&#44 &#68&#101&#110&#109&#97&#114&#107&#44 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#44 &#83&#119&#105&#116&#122&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44&#13&#10&#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#44 The &#78&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115&#44 &#66&#101&#108&#103&#105&#117&#109&#44 &#70&#114&#97&#110&#99&#101&#44&#13&#10&#82&#117&#115&#115&#105&#97&#44 &#80&#111&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 the &#102&#111&#114&#109&#101&#114 &#67&#122&#101&#99&#104&#111&#115&#108&#111&#118&#97&#107&#105&#97&#44&#13&#10&#72&#117&#110&#103&#97&#114&#121&#44 &#82&#111&#109&#97&#110&#105&#97&#44 &#83&#99&#111&#116&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 England, Wales, Italy &#97&#110&#100 &#83&#112&#97&#105&#110&#46&#13&#10&#85&#110&#102&#111&#114&#116&#117&#110&#97&#116&#101&#108&#121&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#114&#101 no &#99&#111&#109&#112&#114&#101&#104&#101&#110&#115&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#109&#97&#112&#115 &#100&#101&#116&#97&#105&#108&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#39&#115&#13&#10&#100&#105&#115&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 pattern. Traditionally, mycologists have often neglected relatively &#116&#105&#110&#121 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 &#115&#117&#99&#104&#13&#10&#97&#115 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 semilanceata, that tend to share their habitats with other, more prominent species. The sarcastic phrase "The mushrooms occur in abundance wherever mycologists abound" &#105&#115&#13&#10&#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#112&#101&#114&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 &#105&#110 &#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#99&#101 to the Psilocybe species.<br> Prior to &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#121 &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 genus &#108&#97&#110&#103&#117&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#105&#116&#101&#114&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101&#44&#13&#10&#115&#104&#114&#111&#117&#100&#101&#100 in obscurity. To &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#100&#97&#121&#44 &#102&#101&#119&#13&#10&#49&#56&#57&#46 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#70&#114&#46 Worthless The cap is uniformly &#99&#111&#110&#105&#99 &#116&#111 &#98&#101&#108&#108&#45&#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#100&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 a pointy or obtuse center &#102&#111&#114&#109&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#97&#110 &#97&#108&#109&#111&#115&#116 &#119&#97&#114&#116&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#116&#114&#117&#115&#105&#111&#110&#59 &#105&#110&#105&#116&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#99&#97&#112&#115 are often taller than they are &#119&#105&#100&#101&#44 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101 &#98&#101&#110&#116 &#97&#110&#100 curved inward; later on, width of cap is 1.5-4 &#99&#109&#46 &#72&#121&#103&#114&#111&#112&#104&#97&#110&#111&#117&#115&#59 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#105&#115 &#97 dirtyish olive-brown when &#119&#101&#116&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#117&#99&#101&#110&#116 &#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#116&#101 margins; &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44&#13&#10&#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#115 ocher or greenish-yellow against &#97&#110 &#111&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108&#108 &#115&#104&#97&#100&#101 &#111&#102 smudgy pale yellow &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#105&#115&#104 &#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#59 &#111&#110&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#101 margins &#97&#114&#101 &#98&#97&#110&#100&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#97 &#100&#97&#114&#107&#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100&#44 watery stripe around the edge. No stripes or banding &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#101 completely dried. &#76&#97&#99&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#97 &#118&#101&#105&#108&#44 &#99&#97&#112&#115 are thin-fleshed, bald, &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97&#110 &#101&#97&#115&#105&#108&#121 &#115&#101&#112&#97&#114&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#112&#101&#108&#108&#105&#99&#108&#101 that remains gelatinous-sticky for a long time, &#116&#117&#114&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#104&#105&#110&#121 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#100&#114&#121&#46&#13&#10&#71&#105&#108&#108&#115 are olive brown to blackish purple brown in color, with the edges often remaining white, gill spacing &#105&#115 &#113&#117&#105&#116&#101 &#99&#114&#111&#119&#100&#101&#100&#59 &#103&#105&#108&#108 attachment is either &#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 &#108&#105&#110&#101&#97&#114 &#111&#114&#13&#10&#109&#111&#115&#116&#108&#121 &#97&#100&#110&#101&#120&#101&#100&#59 up to 3.5 mm wide; attached at &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#101&#109 &#111&#110&#108&#121&#44 &#102&#117&#108&#108&#121 detached later on. Spores are elongated to ellipitical in &#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#44 &#115&#109&#111&#111&#116&#104 &#97&#110&#100 &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101&#44 measuring 12-16 u by 6-8,u. Color of spore dust is &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#116&#101&#109 &#105&#115 very slender, almost uniformly &#116&#104&#105&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#108&#119&#97&#121&#115 &#116&#119&#105&#115&#116&#101&#100&#44 &#54&#45&#49&#50 cm long and 1.25-2 &#109&#109 &#116&#104&#105&#99&#107&#44 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#115&#104 &#111&#114 whitish in color; areas subjected to pressure develop &#98&#108&#117&#105&#115&#104&#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#13&#10&#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#46 &#83&#116&#101&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#115&#105&#108&#107&#121 smooth and roughly at the &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44 &#99&#111&#114&#116&#105&#110&#97&#116&#101 &#102&#105&#98&#114&#105&#108&#115 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114 like remnants of a veil, which is brittle and lined with a &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101 &#102&#105&#98&#114&#111&#117&#115 &#99&#111&#114&#100 &#111&#102 wool-like texture. When dry, &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 cap is colored pale yellow, while the stem's flesh &#105&#115&#13&#10&#111&#99&#104&#101&#114 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 especially towards the bottom. &#73&#116 &#105&#115 &#111&#100&#111&#114&#108&#101&#115&#115 &#97&#110&#100 its &#102&#108&#97&#118&#111&#114 &#105&#115 &#109&#105&#108&#100&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 grows from August to &#79&#99&#116&#111&#98&#101&#114&#44 &#102&#114&#101&#113&#117&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121 &#105&#110 &#103&#114&#101&#103&#97&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115 clusters, and can be found in pastures and along roadways, growing on dung that has undergone &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#99&#111&#109&#112&#111&#115&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 &#73&#116 &#105&#115 &#110&#111&#116 a particularly rare species. Figure 11(above) This &#101&#120&#99&#101&#108&#108&#101&#110&#116 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#112&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 semilanceata &#98&#121 &#77&#105&#99&#104&#97&#101&#108 &#38 &#83&#99&#104&#117&#108&#122&#13&#10&#40&#49&#57&#50&#55&#41 is &#115&#104&#111&#119&#110 &#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#115 &#111&#114&#105&#103&#105&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121 published &#105&#110 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97&#110 English &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#13&#10&#77&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#115&#112&#97 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 reported from the following countries: &#70&#105&#110&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#78&#111&#114&#119&#97&#121&#44&#13&#10&#83&#119&#101&#100&#101&#110&#44 &#68&#101&#110&#109&#97&#114&#107&#44 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#44 Switzerland, Austria, The Netherlands, Belgium, France, Russia, Poland, the former &#67&#122&#101&#99&#104&#111&#115&#108&#111&#118&#97&#107&#105&#97&#44&#13&#10&#72&#117&#110&#103&#97&#114&#121&#44 &#82&#111&#109&#97&#110&#105&#97&#44 &#83&#99&#111&#116&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 Wales, Italy and &#83&#112&#97&#105&#110&#46&#13&#10&#85&#110&#102&#111&#114&#116&#117&#110&#97&#116&#101&#108&#121&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#114&#101 &#110&#111 comprehensive maps detailing the species's distribution pattern. Traditionally, mycologists have often neglected &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#108&#121 &#116&#105&#110&#121 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 &#115&#117&#99&#104&#13&#10&#97&#115 Psilocybe semilanceata, that tend to share their habitats with other, more prominent species. The sarcastic phrase "The mushrooms occur &#105&#110&#13&#10&#97&#98&#117&#110&#100&#97&#110&#99&#101 &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101&#118&#101&#114 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#110&#100&#34 is particularly pertinent in &#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 Prior &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#121 &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#44 the Psilocybe genus &#108&#97&#110&#103&#117&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#105&#116&#101&#114&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101&#44&#13&#10&#115&#104&#114&#111&#117&#100&#101&#100 in obscurity. To this day, &#102&#101&#119&#13&#10&#49&#56&#57&#46 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#70&#114&#46 Worthless The cap is uniformly conic to &#98&#101&#108&#108&#45&#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#100&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97 &#112&#111&#105&#110&#116&#121 &#111&#114 &#111&#98&#116&#117&#115&#101 center forming an almost wart-like protrusion; initially, caps are often taller than they are wide, margins are bent and curved inward; later &#111&#110&#44 &#119&#105&#100&#116&#104 &#111&#102 &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 1.5-4 cm. Hygrophanous; coloration is a dirtyish olive-brown when wet, with &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#117&#99&#101&#110&#116 &#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#116&#101 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115&#59 &#97&#116 the center, coloration is ocher or greenish-yellow against an overall shade of smudgy &#112&#97&#108&#101 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 &#115&#111&#109&#101 greenish stains; only the margins are banded by a darkcolored, watery stripe around &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#100&#103&#101&#46 &#78&#111 &#115&#116&#114&#105&#112&#101&#115 or banding &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#101 completely dried.<br> Lacking a veil, caps are thin-fleshed, bald, with an easily separable pellicle &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#115 &#103&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#110&#111&#117&#115&#45&#115&#116&#105&#99&#107&#121 &#102&#111&#114 &#97 long time, turning shiny when dry.<br> Gills &#97&#114&#101 &#111&#108&#105&#118&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111 blackish &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 with the &#101&#100&#103&#101&#115 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101&#44 &#103&#105&#108&#108 spacing is quite crowded; gill &#97&#116&#116&#97&#99&#104&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#105&#115 &#101&#105&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 &#108&#105&#110&#101&#97&#114 or mostly adnexed; up to 3.5 mm wide; attached &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#101&#109 &#111&#110&#108&#121&#44 fully detached &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#101&#108&#111&#110&#103&#97&#116&#101&#100 to &#101&#108&#108&#105&#112&#105&#116&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#105&#110 &#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#44 &#115&#109&#111&#111&#116&#104 and large, measuring 12-16 u by 6-8,u.<br> Color of spore dust &#105&#115 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#116&#101&#109 &#105&#115 very &#115&#108&#101&#110&#100&#101&#114&#44 &#97&#108&#109&#111&#115&#116 &#117&#110&#105&#102&#111&#114&#109&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#105&#110 and always twisted, 6-12 &#99&#109 &#108&#111&#110&#103 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#49&#46&#50&#53&#45&#50 &#109&#109 thick, yellowish or &#119&#104&#105&#116&#105&#115&#104 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#59 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 to &#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#117&#114&#101 &#100&#101&#118&#101&#108&#111&#112 &#98&#108&#117&#105&#115&#104&#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#13&#10&#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#46 &#83&#116&#101&#109&#115 are silky smooth and roughly at the center, cortinate &#102&#105&#98&#114&#105&#108&#115 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#110&#97&#110&#116&#115 &#111&#102 a veil, which &#105&#115 &#98&#114&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#108&#105&#110&#101&#100 with a white &#102&#105&#98&#114&#111&#117&#115 &#99&#111&#114&#100 &#111&#102 &#119&#111&#111&#108&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#116&#101&#120&#116&#117&#114&#101&#46&#13&#10&#87&#104&#101&#110 dry, &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 cap is colored pale &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#101&#109&#39&#115 flesh is ocher brown in color, &#101&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#116&#111&#119&#97&#114&#100&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#111&#116&#116&#111&#109&#46 It is odorless and &#105&#116&#115 &#102&#108&#97&#118&#111&#114 &#105&#115 &#109&#105&#108&#100&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 mushroom grows from &#65&#117&#103&#117&#115&#116 &#116&#111 &#79&#99&#116&#111&#98&#101&#114&#44 &#102&#114&#101&#113&#117&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121 &#105&#110 &#103&#114&#101&#103&#97&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#99&#108&#117&#115&#116&#101&#114&#115&#44 and can be found in pastures &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#114&#111&#97&#100&#119&#97&#121&#115&#44 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 on dung that has undergone complete decomposition.<br> It is &#110&#111&#116 &#97 &#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#114&#97&#114&#101 species. Figure 11(above) This excellent description of Psilocybe semilanceata by Michael & Schulz (1927) is shown here as originally published in German, with an English translation.<br> Mycologists sp <div <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/psilocybe+growing+season+southeast+US.php" title="Season Growing Southeast Season Growing" alt="Season Growing Southeast Season Growing" >Season Growing Southeast Season Growing</a> align="right"> and familiarity &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101 that is most likely derived from &#117&#115&#97&#103&#101 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 rather than experience with Amanita &#109&#117&#115&#99&#97&#114&#105&#97&#46 &#72&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 &#105&#116 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#101&#120&#116&#114&#101&#109&#101&#108&#121 difficult to reject or confirm &#116&#104&#105&#115&#13&#10&#104&#121&#112&#111&#116&#104&#101&#115&#105&#115&#44 &#100&#117&#101 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 lack of conclusive data available for analysis today. Bwyd Ellylon: A Feast of Fairies &#105&#110&#13&#10&#67&#101&#108&#101&#98&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#83&#112&#105&#114&#105&#116 World Tales of ritualistic &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#117&#115&#97&#103&#101 &#104&#97&#118&#101&#13&#10&#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 way into the realm of myths and legends. For instance, &#111&#110&#101 &#108&#101&#103&#101&#110&#100 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101&#115 &#97&#13&#10&#112&#101&#99&#117&#108&#105&#97&#114 poisonous mushroom &#105&#110 &#87&#97&#108&#101&#115 &#40&#66&#114&#105&#116&#105&#115&#104&#13&#10&#73&#115&#108&#101&#115&#41 &#119&#105&#116&#104 the &#115&#116&#114&#97&#110&#103&#101 &#110&#97&#109&#101 &#111&#102 &#66&#119&#121&#100 Ellylon, which was considered a delicacy &#98&#121 &#102&#97&#105&#114&#105&#101&#115 &#102&#101&#97&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#105&#110 &#99&#101&#108&#101&#98&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 of magic mushroom identification encyclopedia the spirit world.<br> Psilocybe semilanceata is the most important psilocybincontaining mushroom in Europe and it thrives in parts of &#71&#114&#101&#97&#116 &#66&#114&#105&#116&#97&#105&#110&#44 &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101 mushroom grows abundantly all across the &#87&#101&#108&#115&#104 &#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#114&#121&#115&#105&#100&#101 &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#102&#97&#108&#108 &#115&#101&#97&#115&#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#73 would like to thank G. Samorini for pointing out that the Inquisition &#119&#97&#115 &#117&#110&#117&#115&#117&#97&#108&#108&#121&#13&#10&#99&#114&#117&#101&#108 &#97&#110&#100 &#118&#105&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115 in the Alpine valleys &#111&#102&#13&#10&#86&#97&#108&#99&#97&#109&#111&#110&#105&#99&#97&#44 &#86&#97&#108&#116&#114&#111&#109&#112&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#86&#97&#108&#116&#101&#108&#108&#105&#110&#97 (located in the provinces &#111&#102 &#66&#114&#101&#115&#99&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#83&#97&#110&#100&#114&#105&#111 in Northern Italy).<br> Many books chronicle countless witch burnings in that region, with particular emphasis on the &#119&#105&#116&#99&#104&#101&#115&#39 &#109&#101&#101&#116&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 "Monte del Tonale", located at &#97&#110 &#97&#108&#116&#105&#116&#117&#100&#101 &#111&#102 &#50&#48&#48&#48 m (ca. 6,000 ft). Field research has shown that plants of the nightshade family ("witching herbs") do not grow &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#97&#108&#116&#105&#116&#117&#100&#101&#59 &#101&#118&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 fly agaric mushroom is rarely &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101&#46 &#66&#121 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#114&#97&#115&#116&#44 pastures in &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101&#97 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 semilanceata during the fall. &#71&#105&#118&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#104&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#101&#120&#116&#44 &#105&#116 would seem likely &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#112&#108&#97&#121&#101&#100 &#97&#110 &#105&#109&#112&#111&#114&#116&#97&#110&#116 role as a psychotropic agent in the region &#40&#115&#101&#101 &#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#53&#56&#44&#13&#10&#67&#104&#97&#112&#116&#101&#114 &#55&#46&#52&#41&#46&#13&#10&#73&#110 light &#111&#102 &#109&#101&#100&#105&#101&#118&#97&#108 &#97&#99&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#115 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 practice of &#119&#105&#116&#99&#104&#99&#114&#97&#102&#116&#44 &#105&#116 &#105&#115 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#101&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 note that a subjective sensation of flying or levitation is among the commonly reported effects of psilocybin intoxication.<br> Berserk Rage of Nordic Warriors In the course of the ideological power struggle between Christianity &#97&#110&#100 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/shrooms+what+r+they+hallucinogenic+mushrooms/indians+south+america+bloated+stomachs.php" title="Shrooms What R They Hallucinogenic Mushrooms Indians South America Bloated Stomachs" alt="Shrooms What R They Hallucinogenic Mushrooms Indians South America Bloated Stomachs" >Shrooms What R They Hallucinogenic Mushrooms Indians South America Bloated Stomachs</a> &#116&#104&#101 &#114&#101&#109&#110&#97&#110&#116&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#112&#97&#103&#97&#110 &#114&#101&#108&#105&#103&#105&#111&#110&#115 that worshipped Nature, many sources &#111&#102 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#108&#101&#100&#103&#101 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#108&#111&#115&#116&#46 The aggressive repression and eradication of pre-Christian customs all but destroyed the continuity of Europe's original cultural heritage, along &#119&#105&#116&#104&#13&#10&#109&#117&#99&#104 &#104&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#105&#99 &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#100&#111&#99&#117&#109&#101&#110&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 cultural practices, including the &#117&#115&#97&#103&#101 &#111&#102 &#112&#108&#97&#110&#116&#115 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 for the purpose of temporary alterations of &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#46&#13&#10&#83&#111&#109&#101 &#97&#117&#116&#104&#111&#114&#115 &#119&#101&#110&#116 &#115&#111 far &#97&#115 &#116&#111 &#98&#108&#97&#109&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#102&#108&#121 agaric mushroom for proverbial fits of "berserk rage" attributed to Nordic &#119&#97&#114&#114&#105&#111&#114&#115&#46 &#77&#97&#110&#121 &#97&#99&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#115&#13&#10&#100&#101&#116&#97&#105&#108&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#112&#104&#101&#110&#111&#109&#101&#110&#111&#110 allude to a &#34&#100&#101&#99&#101&#112&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#121&#101&#115&#34 &#40&#105&#46&#101&#46 visual hallucinations). &#65&#102&#116&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#78&#111&#114&#100&#105&#99 &#108&#101&#103&#97&#108 &#115&#121&#115&#116&#101&#109 &#98&#97&#110&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 the practice &#111&#102&#13&#10&#34&#103&#111&#105&#110&#103 &#98&#101&#114&#115&#101&#114&#107&#34&#44 &#105&#116 &#100&#105&#115&#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#113&#117&#105&#116&#101 suddenly during &#116&#104&#101 &#49&#50&#116&#104 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#117&#114&#121&#46 &#65&#116 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 the same time, Saxo Grammaticus speculated that &#116&#104&#101 &#66&#101&#114&#115&#101&#114&#107&#101&#114&#115&#13&#10&#109&#97&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#117&#115&#101&#100 mag </div> <p align="center"> own cause of death and disease, bloated stomachs and insanity. &#66&#101&#108&#105&#101&#102&#115 &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 have &#115&#117&#114&#118&#105&#118&#101&#100 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#116 &#100&#97&#121&#46 They persist, <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magic+mushroom+spores.php" title="Spores Magic Spores" alt="Spores Magic Spores" >Spores Magic Spores</a> &#102&#111&#114 &#101&#120&#97&#109&#112&#108&#101&#44&#44&#44 &#97&#115&#13&#10&#102&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#115&#112&#101&#101&#99&#104&#44 &#115 u &#99 &#104 &#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101 slick <b>things to do on shrooms</b> Austrian description of a &#115&#111&#99&#105&#101&#116&#97&#108 &#109&#105&#115&#102&#105&#116 &#97&#115 &#115&#111&#109&#101&#111&#110&#101 "who ate those madness-inducing mushrooms." But, there is &#97&#110&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116&#44&#13&#10&#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 legacy as &#119&#101&#108&#108&#46&#13&#10&#70&#108&#101&#115&#104 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#71&#111&#100&#115 for Devil Worshippers The Old World.<br> Mycenaean civilization began with &#97 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#116&#114&#105&#112 &#45&#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 were an ingredient in the ambrosia of Dionysus.<br> Porphyrius, the fourth century &#76&#97&#116&#105&#110 &#112&#111&#101&#116 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#116&#101&#109&#112&#111&#114&#97&#114&#121 &#111&#102 Emperor Konstantin, knew that magic &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#104&#105&#108&#100&#114&#101&#110 of the gods. WHO &#87&#65&#83 &#84&#72&#69 &#70&#73&#82&#83&#84 &#77&#65&#71&#73&#67&#73&#65&#78&#63&#13&#10&#65 quasi-cannibalistic ritual, the act of &#101&#97&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#99&#104&#105&#108&#100&#114&#101&#110 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#103&#111&#100&#115 <u>Mss</u> unlocked one's power to experience &#116&#104&#101 &#116&#114&#117&#108&#121 &#100&#105&#118&#105&#110&#101&#46 &#66&#117&#116 not &#97&#108&#108&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#101&#110&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#104&#117&#109&#97&#110 &#98&#101&#105&#110&#103&#115 to enter the realm of divine consciousness. This magic power resides in only those fungi known as "fool's mushrooms", which were considered poisonous and believed to be the spawn of the Devil throughout the <H3>magic mushroom art</H3> late &#77&#105&#100&#100&#108&#101 &#65&#103&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#119&#101&#108&#108 into modern times. The New World: The Aztecs in Mexico referred to &#97 &#110&#117&#109&#98&#101&#114 &#111&#102 &#115&#109&#97&#108&#108&#44 inconspicuous mushrooms &#97&#115 &#116&#101&#111&#110&#97&#114&#116&#97&#99&#97&#116&#108&#44 &#111&#114 &#34&#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 of &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#71&#111&#100&#115&#46&#34 &#84&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#115&#97&#99&#114&#101&#100 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 eaten during the course of rituals intended to contact the Gods in order to learn about the world and the realm &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#105&#118&#105&#110&#101&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 mushroom rituals thoroughly spooked the Catholic Spaniards. &#84&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#101&#97&#116&#101&#114&#115&#44 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110&#108&#121&#13&#10&#116&#104&#111&#117&#103&#104&#116 of as Devil &#119&#111&#114&#115&#104&#105&#112&#112&#101&#114&#115&#44 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#104&#111&#117&#110&#100&#101&#100&#13&#10&#98&#121 &#116&#104&#101 Inquisition.<br> Still, all good things survive the tests of time, so the &#99&#117&#108&#116 &#111&#102 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#13&#10&#101&#97&#116&#101&#114&#115 did &#110&#111&#116 &#98&#101&#99&#111&#109&#101 &#101&#120&#116&#105&#110&#99&#116&#46 &#76&#105&#107&#101 mycelia underground, the cult continued to &#102&#108&#111&#117&#114&#105&#115&#104&#44 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#112&#101&#114 time in recorded history, in 1957, the fruit of the fully grown mushroom re-surfaced to draw widespread public attention.<br> &#86&#97&#108&#101&#110&#116&#105&#110&#101&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 &#71&#111&#114&#100&#111&#110 &#87&#97&#115&#115&#111&#110 &#98&#101&#99&#97&#109&#101 the heroes of the modern neo-mycophilic movement.<br> Back to the Old World: The revelations and insights gained from the use of psychoactive mushrooms were so magically wonderful, that our native European "fool's mushrooms" - &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104&#13&#10&#119&#101&#114&#101 &#103&#101&#110&#101 &#59 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#101&#100&#105&#98&#108&#101 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/invitromushrooms.php" title="Invitromushrooms" alt="Invitromushrooms" >Invitromushrooms</a> - had to be recognized as closely related to the &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#111&#102 &#77&#101&#120&#105&#99&#111&#44 &#116&#104&#101 flesh of &#116&#104&#101 &#65&#122&#116&#101&#99&#13&#10&#71&#111&#100&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#115&#111&#117&#108&#115 of magic mushrooms &#105&#110 &#77&#101&#120&#105&#99&#111&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121 &#97&#114&#101 &#101&#115&#115&#101&#110&#116&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 made from the same substance: psilocybin. Jochen Gartz has made an extraordinary contribution &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#101&#108&#100 &#111&#102 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#121 by embracing Germany's magic mushrooms and &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99&#13&#10&#115&#116&#117&#100&#121 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#101&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103 of these fungi. The research efforts upon &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#98&#111&#111&#107 &#105&#115 based require nothing less than a fearless, brave and courageous consciousness, free of prejudice and mycophobia. I am convinced that a researcher's &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#13&#10&#105&#110&#102&#117&#115&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#105&#114&#105&#116 of &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#99&#97&#112&#97&#98&#108&#101 of far deeper &#115&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99 &#105&#110&#115&#105&#103&#104&#116&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#119&#101&#13&#10&#99&#97&#110 ever expect from &#116&#104&#101 &#117&#115&#117&#97&#108 &#105&#118&#111&#114&#121 &#116&#111&#119&#101&#114&#13&#10&#97&#99&#97&#100&#101&#109&#105&#99&#115&#44 isolated from reality </p> &#84&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#108&#105&#118&#101&#115&#116&#111&#99&#107 to arrive &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#116 from <i>cyanescens geophila</i> &#116&#104&#101 &#67&#97&#112&#101 &#111&#102 <b>cyanescens geophila</b> &#71&#111&#111&#100 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/mushroomswithbronzecaps.php" title="Mushroomswithbronzecaps" alt="Mushroomswithbronzecaps" >Mushroomswithbronzecaps</a> <u>magic mushroom growing kits</u> Hope in Dosages for Psilocybe australiana Guzmán & Watling, Psilocybe eucalypta Guzmán & <p align="right"> a &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 following countries: Finland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, &#83&#119&#105&#116&#122&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44&#13&#10&#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#44 &#84&#104&#101 &#78&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115&#44 &#66&#101&#108&#103&#105&#117&#109&#44 &#70&#114&#97&#110&#99&#101&#44&#13&#10&#82&#117&#115&#115&#105&#97&#44 Poland, the former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Scotland, &#69&#110&#103&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#87&#97&#108&#101&#115&#44&#13&#10&#73&#116&#97&#108&#121 &#97&#110&#100 &#83&#112&#97&#105&#110&#46&#13&#10&#85&#110&#102&#111&#114&#116&#117&#110&#97&#116&#101&#108&#121&#44 there are no comprehensive maps detailing the species's distribution pattern. Traditionally, mycologists have &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#110&#101&#103&#108&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#108&#121 &#116&#105&#110&#121 species, such as Psilocybe &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#44 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#101&#110&#100 &#116&#111 share their habitats with other, more prominent species. The sarcastic &#112&#104&#114&#97&#115&#101 &#34&#84&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114 in abundance wherever mycologists abound" is particularly pertinent in reference &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#80&#114&#105&#111&#114 to the discovery &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#103&#101&#110&#117&#115 languished in &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#105&#116&#101&#114&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101&#44&#13&#10&#115&#104&#114&#111&#117&#100&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#111&#98&#115&#99&#117&#114&#105&#116&#121&#46 To this day, few 189. &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#70&#114&#46 &#91&#87&#111&#114&#116&#104&#108&#101&#115&#115&#93&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#99&#97&#112 is uniformly conic to bell-shaped, with a &#112&#111&#105&#110&#116&#121 &#111&#114 &#111&#98&#116&#117&#115&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114 forming an almost wart-like protrusion; initially, caps &#97&#114&#101 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#116&#97&#108&#108&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#121 are wide, margins are bent &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#117&#114&#118&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#119&#97&#114&#100&#59 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 on, width of &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 &#49&#46&#53&#45&#52 &#99&#109&#46 Hygrophanous; coloration is a dirtyish olive-brown when &#119&#101&#116&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#117&#99&#101&#110&#116 &#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#116&#101 margins; at the center, coloration is ocher or greenish-yellow against an overall shade of smudgy pale &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#105&#115&#104 stains; only the margins are banded by a darkcolored, watery stripe around the &#101&#100&#103&#101&#46 &#78&#111 &#115&#116&#114&#105&#112&#101&#115 &#111&#114 banding evident when mushrooms are completely dried.<br> Lacking a &#118&#101&#105&#108&#44 &#99&#97&#112&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#105&#110&#45&#102&#108&#101&#115&#104&#101&#100&#44 bald, &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97&#110 &#101&#97&#115&#105&#108&#121 &#115&#101&#112&#97&#114&#97&#98&#108&#101 pellicle that remains gelatinous-sticky for a long time, turning shiny &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#100&#114&#121&#46&#13&#10&#71&#105&#108&#108&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#111&#108&#105&#118&#101 brown to blackish &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 the edges often remaining white, gill spacing is quite crowded; gill attachment is either roughly &#108&#105&#110&#101&#97&#114 &#111&#114&#13&#10&#109&#111&#115&#116&#108&#121 &#97&#100&#110&#101&#120&#101&#100&#59 &#117&#112 to 3.5 &#109&#109 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#59 &#97&#116&#116&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 &#97&#116 the stem only, fully detached later &#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#101&#108&#111&#110&#103&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 ellipitical in shape, smooth and large, measuring 12-16 u by 6-8,u. Color of spore dust &#105&#115 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#116&#101&#109 is very slender, almost uniformly thin and &#97&#108&#119&#97&#121&#115 &#116&#119&#105&#115&#116&#101&#100&#44 &#54&#45&#49&#50 &#99&#109 long and 1.25-2 mm thick, yellowish or whitish in &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#59 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 pressure &#100&#101&#118&#101&#108&#111&#112 &#98&#108&#117&#105&#115&#104&#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#13&#10&#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#46 &#83&#116&#101&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#115&#105&#108&#107&#121 smooth &#97&#110&#100 &#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 center, cortinate fibrils appear like remnants of a veil, &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#105&#115 &#98&#114&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#97&#110&#100 lined with a &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101 &#102&#105&#98&#114&#111&#117&#115 &#99&#111&#114&#100 &#111&#102 wool-like texture. When dry, the flesh of the cap &#105&#115 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100 &#112&#97&#108&#101 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#44 while the stem's flesh is ocher brown in color, especially towards the bottom. It is odorless and its flavor is &#109&#105&#108&#100&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 August to October, frequently in &#103&#114&#101&#103&#97&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#99&#108&#117&#115&#116&#101&#114&#115&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#97&#110&#13&#10&#98&#101 found in pastures and &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#114&#111&#97&#100&#119&#97&#121&#115&#44 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#110 &#100&#117&#110&#103 that has &#117&#110&#100&#101&#114&#103&#111&#110&#101 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#99&#111&#109&#112&#111&#115&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 &#73&#116 &#105&#115 not a particularly &#114&#97&#114&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#49&#49&#40&#97&#98&#111&#118&#101&#41 &#84&#104&#105&#115 excellent description of Psilocybe semilanceata &#98&#121 &#77&#105&#99&#104&#97&#101&#108 &#38 &#83&#99&#104&#117&#108&#122&#13&#10&#40&#49&#57&#50&#55&#41 is shown &#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#115 &#111&#114&#105&#103&#105&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#112&#117&#98&#108&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 in German, with an English &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#13&#10&#77&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#115&#112&#97 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 reported &#102&#114&#111&#109&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#114&#105&#101&#115&#58 &#70&#105&#110&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, The Netherlands, Belgium, France, Russia, Poland, the former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Scotland, England, &#87&#97&#108&#101&#115&#44&#13&#10&#73&#116&#97&#108&#121 &#97&#110&#100 &#83&#112&#97&#105&#110&#46&#13&#10&#85&#110&#102&#111&#114&#116&#117&#110&#97&#116&#101&#108&#121&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 are no comprehensive maps detailing the species's distribution pattern. Traditionally, &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115&#13&#10&#104&#97&#118&#101 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#110&#101&#103&#108&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#108&#121 tiny species, such as Psilocybe semilanceata, that tend to share their habitats with &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#109&#111&#114&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#109&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 The sarcastic phrase "The mushrooms occur in abundance wherever mycologists abound" is particularly pertinent in reference to the Psilocybe species. Prior to &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#121 &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#44 the Psilocybe genus languished in &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#105&#116&#101&#114&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101&#44&#13&#10&#115&#104&#114&#111&#117&#100&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#111&#98&#115&#99&#117&#114&#105&#116&#121&#46 To this &#100&#97&#121&#44 <H1>magicmushroomshop</H1> &#102&#101&#119&#13&#10&#49&#56&#57&#46 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 Fr. Worthless] The cap is uniformly conic to bell-shaped, &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97 &#112&#111&#105&#110&#116&#121 &#111&#114 obtuse center forming an almost wart-like protrusion; initially, caps are &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#116&#97&#108&#108&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#121 are &#119&#105&#100&#101&#44 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101 &#98&#101&#110&#116 &#97&#110&#100 curved &#105&#110&#119&#97&#114&#100&#59 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#111&#110&#44 &#119&#105&#100&#116&#104 of cap is 1.5-4 cm. Hygrophanous; coloration is a &#100&#105&#114&#116&#121&#105&#115&#104 &#111&#108&#105&#118&#101&#45&#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#119&#101&#116&#44 with translucent striate margins; at &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44&#13&#10&#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#115 &#111&#99&#104&#101&#114 &#111&#114 greenish-yellow against an overall shade &#111&#102 &#115&#109&#117&#100&#103&#121 &#112&#97&#108&#101 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119 and oftentimes &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#105&#115&#104 &#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#59 &#111&#110&#108&#121 the margins are banded by a darkcolored, &#119&#97&#116&#101&#114&#121&#13&#10&#115&#116&#114&#105&#112&#101 &#97&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#100&#103&#101&#46 No stripes or banding evident when mushrooms are completely dried.<br> Lacking &#97 &#118&#101&#105&#108&#44 &#99&#97&#112&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#105&#110&#45&#102&#108&#101&#115&#104&#101&#100&#44 &#98&#97&#108&#100&#44 with an easily separable pellicle that remains gelatinous-sticky for a long &#116&#105&#109&#101&#44 &#116&#117&#114&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#104&#105&#110&#121 &#119&#104&#101&#110 dry. Gills are olive brown to blackish purple brown in color, with &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#100&#103&#101&#115 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101&#44 gill spacing is quite crowded; gill attachment is either roughly linear &#111&#114&#13&#10&#109&#111&#115&#116&#108&#121 &#97&#100&#110&#101&#120&#101&#100&#59 &#117&#112 &#116&#111 3.5 mm wide; attached &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#101&#109 &#111&#110&#108&#121&#44 &#102&#117&#108&#108&#121 detached later on. Spores &#97&#114&#101 &#101&#108&#111&#110&#103&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#101&#108&#108&#105&#112&#105&#116&#105&#99&#97&#108 in shape, smooth and large, measuring 12-16 u by 6-8,u. Color of &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101 &#100&#117&#115&#116 &#105&#115 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 purple brown. Stem &#105&#115 &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#115&#108&#101&#110&#100&#101&#114&#44 &#97&#108&#109&#111&#115&#116 uniformly &#116&#104&#105&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#108&#119&#97&#121&#115 &#116&#119&#105&#115&#116&#101&#100&#44 6-12 &#99&#109 &#108&#111&#110&#103 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#49&#46&#50&#53&#45&#50 &#109&#109 &#116&#104&#105&#99&#107&#44 yellowish or whitish in color; areas subjected to pressure develop bluishgreen stains. &#83&#116&#101&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#115&#105&#108&#107&#121 &#115&#109&#111&#111&#116&#104 and roughly at the &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44 &#99&#111&#114&#116&#105&#110&#97&#116&#101 &#102&#105&#98&#114&#105&#108&#115 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114 like remnants &#111&#102 &#97 &#118&#101&#105&#108&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 is brittle &#97&#110&#100 &#108&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97 white &#102&#105&#98&#114&#111&#117&#115 &#99&#111&#114&#100 &#111&#102 &#119&#111&#111&#108&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#116&#101&#120&#116&#117&#114&#101&#46&#13&#10&#87&#104&#101&#110 dry, the flesh <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/information+on+shrooms.php" title="On Information Shrooms" alt="On Information Shrooms" >On Information Shrooms</a> of the cap is colored pale &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#101&#109&#39&#115 &#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 is ocher &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 &#101&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 towards &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#111&#116&#116&#111&#109&#46 &#73&#116 &#105&#115 &#111&#100&#111&#114&#108&#101&#115&#115 and its flavor is mild. The mushroom grows from August to October, frequently in gregarious clusters, &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#97&#110&#13&#10&#98&#101 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#105&#110 &#112&#97&#115&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 and along roadways, growing on dung that has &#117&#110&#100&#101&#114&#103&#111&#110&#101 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#99&#111&#109&#112&#111&#115&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 &#73&#116 &#105&#115 not a particularly rare species. Figure 11(above) &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#101&#120&#99&#101&#108&#108&#101&#110&#116 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#112&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 Psilocybe semilanceata by Michael & &#83&#99&#104&#117&#108&#122&#13&#10&#40&#49&#57&#50&#55&#41 &#105&#115 &#115&#104&#111&#119&#110 &#104&#101&#114&#101 as originally published &#105&#110 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97&#110 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#105&#115&#104 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#13&#10&#77&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 spa have been reported from the &#102&#111&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#114&#105&#101&#115&#58 &#70&#105&#110&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#78&#111&#114&#119&#97&#121&#44&#13&#10&#83&#119&#101&#100&#101&#110&#44 Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, The Netherlands, &#66&#101&#108&#103&#105&#117&#109&#44 &#70&#114&#97&#110&#99&#101&#44&#13&#10&#82&#117&#115&#115&#105&#97&#44 &#80&#111&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#101&#114 &#67&#122&#101&#99&#104&#111&#115&#108&#111&#118&#97&#107&#105&#97&#44&#13&#10&#72&#117&#110&#103&#97&#114&#121&#44 Romania, Scotland, England, Wales, Italy and Spain. Unfortunately, there are no comprehensive maps detailing the species's distribution &#112&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114&#110&#46 &#84&#114&#97&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115&#13&#10&#104&#97&#118&#101 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 neglected relatively tiny &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 &#115&#117&#99&#104&#13&#10&#97&#115 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#44 that tend to share their habitats with other, more prominent &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#13&#10&#115&#97&#114&#99&#97&#115&#116&#105&#99 &#112&#104&#114&#97&#115&#101 &#34&#84&#104&#101 mushrooms occur in abundance wherever mycologists abound" is particularly pertinent in reference to the Psilocybe species. &#80&#114&#105&#111&#114 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#121 of psilocybin, the Psilocybe genus languished in the &#108&#105&#116&#101&#114&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101&#44&#13&#10&#115&#104&#114&#111&#117&#100&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#111&#98&#115&#99&#117&#114&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#84&#111 this day, few 189. &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#70&#114&#46 &#91&#87&#111&#114&#116&#104&#108&#101&#115&#115&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 cap is uniformly conic to bell-shaped, with a &#112&#111&#105&#110&#116&#121 &#111&#114 &#111&#98&#116&#117&#115&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114 forming an almost wart-like protrusion; &#105&#110&#105&#116&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#99&#97&#112&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 taller than they are &#119&#105&#100&#101&#44 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101 &#98&#101&#110&#116 &#97&#110&#100 curved inward; later on, &#119&#105&#100&#116&#104 &#111&#102 &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 1.5-4 cm. Hygrophanous; coloration is a dirtyish olive-brown when wet, with translucent &#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#116&#101 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115&#59 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 center, coloration is ocher or greenish-yellow against an &#111&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108&#108 &#115&#104&#97&#100&#101 &#111&#102 &#115&#109&#117&#100&#103&#121 pale yellow &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#105&#115&#104 &#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#59 &#111&#110&#108&#121 the margins are banded by a darkcolored, watery stripe around the edge. No stripes or &#98&#97&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 are completely dried.<br> Lacking a veil, caps are thin-fleshed, bald, with an easily &#115&#101&#112&#97&#114&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#112&#101&#108&#108&#105&#99&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#115 &#103&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#110&#111&#117&#115&#45&#115&#116&#105&#99&#107&#121 for &#97 &#108&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#44 &#116&#117&#114&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#104&#105&#110&#121 &#119&#104&#101&#110 dry. Gills are olive brown &#116&#111 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 color, with the edges often remaining white, gill spacing is quite crowded; gill attachment is &#101&#105&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 &#108&#105&#110&#101&#97&#114 &#111&#114&#13&#10&#109&#111&#115&#116&#108&#121 adnexed; &#117&#112 &#116&#111 &#51&#46&#53 &#109&#109 wide; attached at the stem &#111&#110&#108&#121&#44 &#102&#117&#108&#108&#121 &#100&#101&#116&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115 are elongated to ellipitical in shape, smooth and large, measuring &#49&#50&#45&#49&#54 &#117&#13&#10&#98&#121 &#54&#45&#56&#44&#117&#46 &#67&#111&#108&#111&#114 of spore dust &#105&#115 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#116&#101&#109 &#105&#115 very slender, almost uniformly thin and always twisted, 6-12 &#99&#109 &#108&#111&#110&#103 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#49&#46&#50&#53&#45&#50 &#109&#109 thick, yellowish or whitish in color; areas subjected to pressure develop bluishgreen stains. Stems are silky smooth and roughly at the center, cortinate fibrils appear like remnants of a veil, which is brittle and lined with a &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101 &#102&#105&#98&#114&#111&#117&#115 &#99&#111&#114&#100 &#111&#102 wool-like texture. When dry, the &#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#97&#112 is colored &#112&#97&#108&#101 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#101 stem's &#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#111&#99&#104&#101&#114 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 color, especially towards the bottom.<br> It is odorless and its flavor is mild. The mushroom grows &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#65&#117&#103&#117&#115&#116 &#116&#111 &#79&#99&#116&#111&#98&#101&#114&#44 frequently &#105&#110 &#103&#114&#101&#103&#97&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#99&#108&#117&#115&#116&#101&#114&#115&#44 &#97&#110&#100 can be found in &#112&#97&#115&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#114&#111&#97&#100&#119&#97&#121&#115&#44 growing on dung that &#104&#97&#115 &#117&#110&#100&#101&#114&#103&#111&#110&#101 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#99&#111&#109&#112&#111&#115&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 &#73&#116 is not a particularly rare species.<br> Figure 11(above) This excellent description of &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#98&#121 &#77&#105&#99&#104&#97&#101&#108 & Schulz (1927) is shown here as originally published in German, &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97&#110 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#105&#115&#104 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#13&#10&#77&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 spa have &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 countries: Finland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#44 &#83&#119&#105&#116&#122&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44&#13&#10&#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#44 &#84&#104&#101 &#78&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115&#44 Belgium, France, Russia, Poland, the former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Scotland, England, Wales, Italy and Spain. Unfortunately, there &#97&#114&#101 &#110&#111 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#114&#101&#104&#101&#110&#115&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#109&#97&#112&#115 &#100&#101&#116&#97&#105&#108&#105&#110&#103 the species's distribution pattern. Traditionally, &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115&#13&#10&#104&#97&#118&#101 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#110&#101&#103&#108&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#108&#121 tiny species, such as &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#44 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#101&#110&#100 to share &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114&#13&#10&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#97&#116&#115 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#109&#111&#114&#101 prominent species. The sarcastic phrase "The mushrooms occur in abundance &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101&#118&#101&#114 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#110&#100&#34 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 pertinent in &#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 Prior to the discovery &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#103&#101&#110&#117&#115 languished in the literature, shrouded &#105&#110 &#111&#98&#115&#99&#117&#114&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#84&#111 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#100&#97&#121&#44 few 189.<br> Psilocybe semilanceata &#70&#114&#46 &#87&#111&#114&#116&#104&#108&#101&#115&#115&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 which magic mushrooms grow in cedar chips &#117&#110&#105&#102&#111&#114&#109&#108&#121 &#99&#111&#110&#105&#99 to bell-shaped, with a &#112&#111&#105&#110&#116&#121 &#111&#114 &#111&#98&#116&#117&#115&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#97&#110 &#97&#108&#109&#111&#115&#116 wart-like protrusion; initially, caps are often taller than they &#97&#114&#101 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#44 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101 &#98&#101&#110&#116 and curved inward; later on, width of &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 &#49&#46&#53&#45&#52 &#99&#109&#46 Hygrophanous; &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#105&#115 &#97 &#100&#105&#114&#116&#121&#105&#115&#104 &#111&#108&#105&#118&#101&#45&#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 when wet, with translucent striate margins; at &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44&#13&#10&#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#115 &#111&#99&#104&#101&#114 or greenish-yellow against &#97&#110 &#111&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108&#108 &#115&#104&#97&#100&#101 &#111&#102 smudgy &#112&#97&#108&#101 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 &#115&#111&#109&#101 greenish stains; only <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/psilocybin+spore+oregon.php" title="Psilocybin Spore Oregon" alt="Psilocybin Spore Oregon" >Psilocybin Spore Oregon</a> the &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#98&#97&#110&#100&#101&#100 &#98&#121 a darkcolored, watery stripe around the edge. No &#115&#116&#114&#105&#112&#101&#115 &#111&#114 &#98&#97&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116 &#119&#104&#101&#110 mushrooms are &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101&#108&#121&#13&#10&#100&#114&#105&#101&#100&#46 &#76&#97&#99&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#97 &#118&#101&#105&#108&#44 caps are thin-fleshed, bald, with &#97&#110 &#101&#97&#115&#105&#108&#121 &#115&#101&#112&#97&#114&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#112&#101&#108&#108&#105&#99&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#115 gelatinous-sticky for a long time, turning shiny when dry.<br> Gills are olive brown to &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 color, with the edges &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101&#44 &#103&#105&#108&#108 &#115&#112&#97&#99&#105&#110&#103 is quite &#99&#114&#111&#119&#100&#101&#100&#59 &#103&#105&#108&#108 &#97&#116&#116&#97&#99&#104&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#105&#115 either roughly &#108&#105&#110&#101&#97&#114 &#111&#114&#13&#10&#109&#111&#115&#116&#108&#121 &#97&#100&#110&#101&#120&#101&#100&#59 &#117&#112 to 3.5 mm &#119&#105&#100&#101&#59 &#97&#116&#116&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 stem only, fully detached later on. Spores are elongated to ellipitical in shape, smooth and large, &#109&#101&#97&#115&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#49&#50&#45&#49&#54 &#117&#13&#10&#98&#121 &#54&#45&#56&#44&#117&#46 Color of &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101 &#100&#117&#115&#116 &#105&#115 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 purple brown. Stem is very slender, almost uniformly thin and always twisted, 6-12 cm long and 1.25-2 mm thick, yellowish or whitish in color; areas subjected to pressure develop bluishgreen stains. Stems are silky smooth &#97&#110&#100 &#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 center, cortinate fibrils &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#110&#97&#110&#116&#115 &#111&#102 &#97 veil, &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#105&#115 &#98&#114&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#97&#110&#100 lined &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101 &#102&#105&#98&#114&#111&#117&#115 cord of wool-like texture. When dry, the flesh of the cap is colored pale yellow, while the stem's flesh is ocher brown in color, especially towards the bottom. It is odorless and its flavor is mild. The &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#65&#117&#103&#117&#115&#116 to October, frequently &#105&#110 &#103&#114&#101&#103&#97&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#99&#108&#117&#115&#116&#101&#114&#115&#44 &#97&#110&#100 can be found in pastures and along roadways, growing on dung that has undergone &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#99&#111&#109&#112&#111&#115&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 &#73&#116 &#105&#115 &#110&#111&#116 a particularly rare &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#49&#49&#40&#97&#98&#111&#118&#101&#41 &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#101&#120&#99&#101&#108&#108&#101&#110&#116 description of Psilocybe semilanceata by Michael &#38 &#83&#99&#104&#117&#108&#122&#13&#10&#40&#49&#57&#50&#55&#41 &#105&#115 &#115&#104&#111&#119&#110 here as originally published &#105&#110 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97&#110 English translation. Mycologists sp </p> As they say, ʼTis the season to be pickingʼ, but make As they say, ʼTis the season to be pickingʼ, but make ulinary mushroom bears no resemblance, either in size or form, to Inocybe aeruginascens. Overall, however, these unfortunate cases have also contributed to our understanding of mushroom biochemistry. In this context, I want to emphasize once more that the hallucinogenic varieties among the Inocybes can easily be mistaken for those muscarine-producing Inocybe species that are extremely poisonous. As part of his investigation of the Psilocybe genus, Guzman noted a common trait among the hallucinogenic species, in addition to the bluing reaction: a flour-like smell or taste. Apart from the inherent subjective nature of our sense of smell and taste, a common odor is a trait that definitely does not apply to the European species (also see Chapter 3.2). Mycophile or Mycophobe? There are reports from the Western United States about people with expert knowledge of Psilocybe semilanceata - devoted mushroom hunters who can identify the species with drill and accuracy. At the same time, however, these experts cannot identify easily spotted common table mushrooms, nor are they able to differentiate the Agaricus species (champignons) from other mushrooms, even when these species grow on the same pasture. Such individuals, then, are not interested in species other than Psilocybe semilanceata. In my opinion, this attitude reflects a rare combination of mycophilia and mycophobia. A mushroom's spore dust provides important information needed to determine identity. A spore print is left by the gills when the cap is placed on black or white paper (depending on spore color). As the process takes several hours, a glass vessel must be placed over the cap to prevent drying. While useful, information obtained from spore analyses has its limitations, For instance, spores derived from mushrooms belonging to different genera may have the same color, but reveal basic differences under the microscope. There is also a high degree of similarity among spores from different Psilocybe species. Thus, the only way to prevent grave errors and potentially deadly intoxications is to rely on experienced experts for mushroom identification, a process that must include analysis of available ecological data. CHAPTER 5 THE BLUING PHENOMENON AND METOL TESTING: REALITY VS. WISHFUL THINKING As previously discussed in Chapters 3.1 and 3.7, the bluing reaction is characteristic of species that produce psilocybin. Still, for unknown reasons, some species or samples belonging to a genus that usually turns blue may not always change color, regardless of psilocybin content. Among the species that I have examined, Psilocybe bohemica displayed the most impressive bluing reaction. The caps of this species stain very quickly in reaction to pressure. Other species, such as Psilocybe cubensis (Earle) Sing. have stems that develop very intensely blue stains, while their caps do not exhibit the bluing reaction. By contrast, Psilocybe JOCHEN GARTZ MAGIC MUSHROOMS Around the World A Scientific Journey Across Cultures and Time The Case for Challenging Research and Value Systems * LIS PUBLICATIONS * LOS ANGELES, CA* Figure 1 - Water Color Painting of Psilocybe semilanceata (Germany, 1927) TABLE OF CONTENT (With Active Links' Just Click On A Subject To Go To The Page) "Who Was the First Magician?" - Foreword by Christian Ratsch 7 1. Introduction 9 2. Reflections on the History and Scientific Study of Magic Mushrooms 10 3. The Current State of Knowledge About European Species 14 3.1 Psilocybe semilanceata: The Classic Species Among European Psychotropic Mushrooms 16 3.2 Psilocybe cyanescens: Potent Mushrooms Growing on Wood Debris 29 3.3 Panaeolus subbalteatus: Mycology and Myths about the Panaeolus Species 37 3.4 Inocybe aeruginascens: Fast-Spreading New Arrivals 44 3.5 Gymnopilus purpuratus: Magnificent Mushrooms from South America 51 3.6 Conocybe cyanopus: Tiny Mushrooms of Remarkable Potency 55 3.7 Pluteus salicinus: A Little-known Wood-Inhabiting Species 58 4. Mushroom Identification: Taxonomic Confusion and the Potential for Deadly Mistakes 61 5. The Bluing Phenomenon and Metol Testing: Reality vs. Wishful Thinking 63 6. Mushroom Cultivation: Classic Findings and New Techniques 66 7. Psychotropic Mushroom Species Around the World 77 7.1 Spotlight on North America and Hawaii 79 7.2 Mycophilia in Central and South America 82 7.3 Australia's Mycoflora Attracts Attention 84 7.4 European Customs and Conventions 87 7.5 Japanese Experimentation 93 7.6 Intoxications and the Oldest Known Mushroom Cult in Africa 95 7.7 Usage in Southeast Asia and the South Pacific Islands 98 8. Some Comments on Effects of Mushrooms from the Category Phantastika 102 9. Psychotherapy 108 10. Outlook 114 11. Bibliography 120 Index 129 Figure 2 - Psilocybe cubensis from Australia Figure 3 - Water color painting of Panaeolus subbalteatus (Germany, 1927). Figure 4 - Fresh Panaeolus subbalteatus mushrooms. FOREWORD Nobody knows precisely when the first magic mushroom emerged from the shadows of prehistory to enter the light of consciousness. Nobody knows when the first magic mushroom was eaten by a human being. Nobody knows just who the first magic mushroom eater was. In seeking answers to these questions, we can only speculate. Mycophobes, however, are quick to voice their conviction that only a fool would be reckless enough to want to attain a higher state of consciousness beyond the boundaries of everyday reality. And only a fool would attempt to do this by ingesting those odd little things that mysteriously thrive on decaying, humid soil, rotten wood and malodorous mounds of cow manure. Historically, magic, mushrooms have been feared and hated` since antiquity: magic mushrooms were thought to be made from poisons that had dripped from serpents' fangs; they were considered to be unclean emissions of evil spirits; moreover, mushrooms were a kn <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/how+to+make+shrooms/mycology.php" title="Shrooms Mycology How Make Mycology" alt="Shrooms Mycology How Make Mycology" >Shrooms Mycology How Make Mycology</a> <div align="right"> The question of dosage is often confused by the variation in the source of the hallucinogenic mushroom <b>How To Pick Shrooms</b> species which is &#99&#111&#110&#115&#117&#109&#101&#100&#46 </div> was followed by a very vivid sensation of the soul in flight, coupled with feelings of euphoria.When looking out the window into the dark night of a forest landscape, visions of strange patterns and formations occurred, which were deeply impressive and seemed to impart an inkling of eternity. At the end of four hours, the effects had dissipated without dysphoria or any type of somatic side effect. A control experiment for comparison purposes was performed using 0.8 g of dried Psilocybe semilanceata. The onset of symptoms was much more sudden, including a heavy flow of tears, so that there was an initial phase of anxiety. Only in a later phase of the experience was it possible to perceive ornaments in the form of "underwater streamers", and to appreciate the aesthetically enhanced nature of these visions. The regular pattern of. involuntary intoxications is a good indicator for the large scope of expansion of Inocybe aeruginascens into new habitats during the 1980s. For example, at the time of the initial intoxications - when the species was still restricted to a few easily quantifiable collections - the mushrooms had spread from Potsdam to the location known in 1982, and from there moved on to several other locations in the vicinity, where more than 150 mushrooms were found (see Figure 34). Symbiosis With Trees Starting in late May 1984, fruiting bodies of the species could be found in abundance at countless new locations across the Brandenburg region of Germany. They tend to grow near the roots of different deciduous trees (Populus, Tilia, Quercus, Betula), on lawns in parks and gardens, at the edges of trails and in the paved margin areas of tree-lined sidewalks (where they may even grow on bare, sandy soil) as well as amongst the greenery of residential areas in the suburbs and communities in and around Berlin. Herein lies the most marked difference between Inocybe aeruginascens and other European psychotropic mushroom species: Inocybe aeruginascens grows only in areas of human development. Their prime locations are in the middle of villages and towns, where they grow locally much like other Inocybe species. They may temporarily produce mass quantities of fruiting bodies, in those locations that are typical habitats for the edible varieties of the fairy ring mushroom. So far, the most abundant crop of fruiting bodies was observed in 1987, due to very wet weather conditions, which allowed the mushrooms to thrive. The following years were comparatively dry and the species hardly fruited at all. It wasn't until 1990 that a few mushrooms re-emerged at the classic location in Potsdam. Despite 1989 having been a bad year for mushrooms, it was the year when Inocybe aeruginascens was found for the first time at four locations in and around Rostock, a city located on the Eastern German coast, which is famous for its wet climate. Finding the mushrooms at these locations is evidence for a mu . For that reason, freeze-dried samples for biochemical analysis are stored at -10°C prior to alkaloid extractions or chromatography testing. In addition to the reports from Finland, investigators in North America have noted that psilocybin's decay rate is slowest in Psilocybe semilanceata, compared to other species. (1) R = H2P03 (2) R = H Figure 19 - Structural formulas for psilocybin (1) and psilocin (2). CH3 CH3 Psilocybe semilanceata Figure 20 - Distribution pattern of Psilocybe semilanceata in Germany and adjacent areas. Locations are indicated by black dots. CHAPTER 3.2 PSILOCYBE CYANESCENS - POTENT MUSHROOMS GROWING ON WOOD DEBRIS At least one other Psilocybe species in addition to Psilocybe semilanceata is known to exist in Europe. At this point, I must emphasize that the differentiation of single species within the Psilocybe genus is subject to considerable controversy among eminent taxonomists. For example, there are different methods of distinguishing the Hypholoma genus from the Stropharia genus. The Widespread Distribution of Psilocybe cyanescens While Psilocybe semilanceata is a species that has long been clearly defined and is well known by this name, there are, according to Krieglsteiner, other strongly bluing mushrooms that can be described as belonging to the "Psilocybe cyanescens complex". These are all mushrooms that grow on raw compost and plant debris. In accordance with current states of knowledge, the following names in the literature are merely synonyms for Psilocybe cyanescens Wakefield emend. Krieglsteiner: different herbariums. However, the microscopic data pertaining to the Psilocybe species are poorly delineated and oftentimes overlap. It is therefore imperative that additional mycological studies of Psilocybe cyanescens be performed. To this end, fresh mushroom samples from various European locations should be used, and biochemical methods must be included in the investigation. Guzman's division of Psilocybe cyanescens by geographic area, however, definitely turned out to be inaccurate. According to his system, -North Africa was home to Psilocybe mairei, while Psilocybe cyanescens were found in England and Holland and Psilocybe serbica supposedly grew in Serbia and Bohemia. The geographic distribution of the entire species seems to cover a vast area, with variations along climate and terrain at locations where samples were collected. Such disparate morphologies are to be expected when dealing with "young" species, that is, species that have not yet firmly established themselves and are still expanding into new locations. Figure 7 (p. 14) displays locations in Europe and North Africa where samples of Psilocybe cyanescens have been found. - Hypholoma cyanescens R. Maire - Hypholoma coprinifacies (Rolland ss. Herink) Pouzar - Geophila cyanescens (R. Maire) Kuhner & Romagnesi - Psilocybe serbica Moser & Horak - Psilocybe mairei Singer - Psilocyb <p align="center"> INTRODUCTION Mind-altering &#40&#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#101 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103&#41 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 traditionally &#117&#115&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#114&#101&#108&#105&#103&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#104&#101&#97&#108&#105&#110&#103 and curing &#99&#101&#114&#101&#109&#111&#110&#105&#101&#115 &#98&#121 &#110&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#112&#101&#111&#112&#108&#101&#115 in Mesoamerica &#102&#111&#114 &#109&#111&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#51&#44&#48&#48&#48 years. Today, &#116&#104&#101 &#114&#101&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 hallucinogenic fungi by Westerners is widespread, especially in various regions of the United States, Canada, Mexico, Caribbean, Great Britain, &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101 &#40&#101&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 Netherlands), Scandinavia, South America, &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104&#101&#97&#115&#116 &#65&#115&#105&#97&#44 &#73&#110&#100&#105&#97&#44 &#66&#97&#108&#105&#44 Samoa; Australia and New Zealand. &#84&#104&#101 &#109&#111&#100&#101&#114&#110&#44 &#110&#111&#110&#45&#116&#114&#97&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#117&#115&#101 of hallucinogenic mushrooms has been stimulated, by media reports in newspapers, magazines, word-of-mouth communication, the World Wide Web and Internet, &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#108&#115&#111 &#98&#121 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#99&#104&#111&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 and &#112&#111&#112&#117&#108&#97&#114 &#106&#111&#117&#114&#110&#97&#108 &#112&#117&#98&#108&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#102 the renown ethnomycologist R. Gordon Wasson, <i>magic mushroom kits</i> (Harvard psychologist Timothy &#76&#101&#97&#114&#121&#44 &#116&#114&#97&#118&#101&#108&#101&#114 &#74&#101&#114&#101&#109&#121 &#83&#97&#110&#102&#111&#114&#100&#44 <H1>magic mushroom kits</H1> health guru Andrew Weil, and others (see Allen &#44 &#77&#101&#114&#108&#105&#110 &#38&#97&#109&#112&#59&#74&#97&#110&#115&#101&#110&#44 &#49&#57&#57&#49&#41&#46&#84&#104&#105&#115 magic mushroom kits field guide &#114&#101&#118&#105&#101&#119&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#104&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#121 &#111&#102 both the &#97&#99&#99&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116&#97&#108 &#97&#110&#100 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#111&#115&#101&#102&#117&#108 &#117&#115&#101 of <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magic+mushroom+drug+test/mario+mushroom/" title="Magic Mushroom Drug Test Mario Mushroom" alt="Magic Mushroom Drug Test Mario Mushroom" >Magic Mushroom Drug Test Mario Mushroom</a> psychoactive mushrooms in Australia and New Zealand. Information &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#103&#117&#105&#100&#101 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/wheretofindmagicmushroomsitbrisbane.php" title="Wheretofindmagicmushroomsitbrisbane" alt="Wheretofindmagicmushroomsitbrisbane" >Wheretofindmagicmushroomsitbrisbane</a> &#104&#97&#115 &#98&#101&#101&#110 gathered from personal experiences in Australia by &#116&#104&#101 &#97&#117&#116&#104&#111&#114 &#97&#110&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109 reports &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99 &#108&#105&#116&#101&#114&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101&#44 &#110&#101&#119&#115 items &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#111&#112&#117&#108&#97&#114 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#44 and personal <i>geophila geophila</i> &#99&#111&#109&#109&#117&#110&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110 &#97&#110&#100 New Zealand (NZ) professionals <H1>geophila geophila</H1> &#40&#85&#110&#115&#105&#103&#110&#101&#100 &#49&#57&#55&#48&#59 &#79&#39&#78&#101&#105&#108&#108&#44 &#49&#57&#56&#54&#41&#46 </p> <p align="justify"> &#13&#10&#67&#65&#84&#84&#76&#69 &#65&#83 &#65 POSSIBLE &#68&#73&#83&#80&#69&#82&#83&#65&#76 &#77&#69&#67&#72&#65&#78&#73&#83&#77 &#70&#79&#82 &#80&#83&#89&#67&#72&#79&#65&#67&#84&#73&#86&#69 DUNG FUNGI One may ask the question, &#34&#104&#111&#119 &#100&#105&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 arrive in Australia and New Zealand?" Well some species may be &#101&#110&#100&#101&#109&#105&#99&#44&#116&#104&#97&#116 &#105&#115&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#119&#101&#114&#101 already there naturally. Other species such as &#116&#104&#101 &#97&#98&#111&#118&#101 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101&#100 &#100&#117&#110&#103&#45&#105&#110&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 mushrooms most likelyappeared &#97&#102&#116&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#101 &#105&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 cattle &#111&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116&#46&#84&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 livestock &#116&#111 &#97&#114&#114&#105&#118&#101 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 were brought from the Cape of Good Hope in1788, and included 2 bulls and 5 &#99&#111&#119&#115&#44 &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 domesticated farm animals. Byl803, the &#103&#111&#118&#101&#114&#110&#109&#101&#110&#116 <b>mushrooms from south America</b> &#111&#119&#110&#101&#100 &#97&#112&#112&#114&#111&#120&#105&#109&#97&#116&#101&#108&#121 &#49&#56&#48&#48 cattle, most of &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#105&#109&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100&#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#67&#97&#112&#101&#44 Calcutta, and &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#101&#115&#116 &#99&#111&#97&#115&#116 &#111&#102 America.<br> It was during this period thatsome of &#116&#104&#101 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#97&#114&#121 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#109&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110&#101&#100 in this &#102&#105&#101&#108&#100 &#103&#117&#105&#100&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#98&#97&#98&#108&#121 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 appeared inAustralia (Unsigned, &#49&#57&#55&#51&#41&#46 &#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110 mycologist John Burton Cleland(1934), "fungi &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#119 &#111&#114 horse-dung and confined to such habitats, must in &#116&#104&#101&#99&#97&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#44 &#97&#108&#108 belong to &#105&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#101&#100 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#34&#46 &#73&#116 &#105&#115 believed to have been the SouthAfrican dung beetle which may have actually spread the spores. &#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#105&#115&#104&#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116 &#82&#111&#121 &#87&#97&#116&#108&#105&#110&#103 of the Royal Botanic Gardens &#105&#110 &#71&#108&#97&#115&#103&#111&#119&#44 &#83&#99&#111&#116&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#34&#105&#116 must beremembered that fungi can &#99&#104&#97&#110&#103&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#114&#97&#116&#101 &#112&#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 there are &#99&#111&#112&#114&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#111&#117&#115&#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 &#111&#110 &#107&#97&#110&#103&#97&#114&#111&#111 &#100&#114&#111&#112&#112&#105&#110&#103&#115 etc." Some &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#119&#104&#111 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#115&#116&#117&#100&#105&#101&#100 the "magicmushrooms" in Australia and NZ claim that the "use of P. cubensis as a recreational drugtends to confirm the belief &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#91&#115&#111&#109&#101&#93 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/gymnopilusspectabilistripforum.php" title="Gymnopilusspectabilistripforum" alt="Gymnopilusspectabilistripforum" >Gymnopilusspectabilistripforum</a> &#102&#97&#114&#109&#101&#114&#115 &#105&#110 early times may &#104&#97&#118&#101&#93 &#97&#100&#100&#101&#100 &#111&#110&#101 &#111&#114 two basidiomes gilled mushrooms] to a mealto liven it up &#91&#97&#110&#100 &#115&#116&#105&#108&#108 &#100&#111&#93 &#77&#97&#114&#103&#111&#116 & Watling, 1981)." CATTLE AS A POSSIBLE DISPERSAL MECHANISM &#70&#79&#82 &#80&#83&#89&#67&#72&#79&#65&#67&#84&#73&#86&#69 &#68&#85&#78&#71 &#70&#85&#78&#71&#73&#13&#10&#79&#110&#101 &#109&#97&#121 &#97&#115&#107 the question, "how did these mushrooms arrive in Australia &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#101&#119 &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100&#63&#34 &#87&#101&#108&#108 some species may &#98&#101 &#101&#110&#100&#101&#109&#105&#99&#44&#116&#104&#97&#116 &#105&#115&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#119&#101&#114&#101 already there naturally. Other species such &#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#97&#98&#111&#118&#101 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101&#100 dung-inhabiting mushrooms most &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121&#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#97&#102&#116&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#101 &#105&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 of &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#111&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116&#46&#84&#104&#101 first livestock to arrive &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#116 &#102&#114&#111&#109 the Cape of Good Hope &#105&#110&#49&#55&#56&#56&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#105&#110&#99&#108&#117&#100&#101&#100 &#50 bulls and 5 cows, along with other domesticated &#102&#97&#114&#109 &#97&#110&#105&#109&#97&#108&#115&#46 &#66&#121&#108&#56&#48&#51&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#103&#111&#118&#101&#114&#110&#109&#101&#110&#116 owned approximately 1800 cattle, most &#111&#102 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#105&#109&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100&#102&#114&#111&#109 the Cape, Calcutta, and the west coast of America. It was during &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#112&#101&#114&#105&#111&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#115&#111&#109&#101 &#111&#102 the visionary mushrooms mentioned in this field &#103&#117&#105&#100&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#98&#97&#98&#108&#121 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 inAustralia &#40&#85&#110&#115&#105&#103&#110&#101&#100&#44 &#49&#57&#55&#51&#41&#46 &#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 Australian mycologist John Burton Cleland(1934), "fungi growing in cow or horse-dung and &#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#97&#116&#115&#44 must in thecase of Australia, all belong to &#105&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#101&#100 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#34&#46 &#73&#116 &#105&#115 believed to have &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104&#65&#102&#114&#105&#99&#97&#110 &#100&#117&#110&#103 beetle which may have actually &#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115&#46 &#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 to Englishmycologist Roy Watling of the Royal Botanic &#71&#97&#114&#100&#101&#110&#115 &#105&#110 &#71&#108&#97&#115&#103&#111&#119&#44 &#83&#99&#111&#116&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 "it must beremembered that fungi can change substrate &#112&#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#112&#114&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#111&#117&#115&#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 on kangaroo droppings etc." Some mycologists who have studied &#116&#104&#101 &#34&#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#34 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 and NZ claim &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#34&#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#80&#46 cubensis as a &#114&#101&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#100&#114&#117&#103&#116&#101&#110&#100&#115 &#116&#111 &#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#114&#109 the belief that some] farmers &#105&#110 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 &#109&#97&#121 have] added one or two basidiomes gilled mushrooms] &#116&#111 &#97 &#109&#101&#97&#108&#116&#111 &#108&#105&#118&#101&#110 it up and still do] &#77&#97&#114&#103&#111&#116 &#38&#97&#109&#112&#59 &#87&#97&#116&#108&#105&#110&#103&#44 &#49&#57&#56&#49&#41&#46&#34&#13&#10&#13&#10&#67&#65&#84&#84&#76&#69 AS &#65 &#80&#79&#83&#83&#73&#66&#76&#69 &#68&#73&#83&#80&#69&#82&#83&#65&#76 &#77&#69&#67&#72&#65&#78&#73&#83&#77 FOR PSYCHOACTIVE DUNG FUNGI One may ask the question, &#34&#104&#111&#119 &#100&#105&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 arrive in Australia and New Zealand?" Well some species may be endemic,that is, &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#108&#114&#101&#97&#100&#121 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 naturally. Other &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101 above described dung-inhabiting mushrooms most likelyappeared after the introduction of cattle on the &#115&#117&#98&#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116&#46&#84&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#108&#105&#118&#101&#115&#116&#111&#99&#107 &#116&#111 arrive &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#116 from the Cape of Good Hope in1788, and included 2 bulls &#97&#110&#100 &#53 &#99&#111&#119&#115&#44 &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#119&#105&#116&#104 other domesticated farm &#97&#110&#105&#109&#97&#108&#115&#46 &#66&#121&#108&#56&#48&#51&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#103&#111&#118&#101&#114&#110&#109&#101&#110&#116 owned approximately 1800 cattle, &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#111&#102 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#105&#109&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100&#102&#114&#111&#109 the Cape, Calcutta, and the west &#99&#111&#97&#115&#116 &#111&#102 &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97&#46 &#73&#116 was during this period thatsome of &#116&#104&#101 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#97&#114&#121 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#109&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110&#101&#100 in this field guide &#112&#114&#111&#98&#97&#98&#108&#121 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#40&#85&#110&#115&#105&#103&#110&#101&#100&#44 1973). According to Australian mycologist &#74&#111&#104&#110 &#66&#117&#114&#116&#111&#110 &#67&#108&#101&#108&#97&#110&#100&#40&#49&#57&#51&#52&#41&#44 &#34&#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 growing &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#119 &#111&#114 &#104&#111&#114&#115&#101&#45&#100&#117&#110&#103 and &#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#97&#116&#115&#44 must in &#116&#104&#101&#99&#97&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#44 &#97&#108&#108 belong to introduced species". It is believed to have been the SouthAfrican dung beetle which may have &#97&#99&#116&#117&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115&#46 According to Englishmycologist Roy Watling of the Royal Botanic Gardens in Glasgow, Scotland, "it must beremembered that fungi can &#99&#104&#97&#110&#103&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#114&#97&#116&#101 &#112&#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 there are coprophilousfungi on &#107&#97&#110&#103&#97&#114&#111&#111 &#100&#114&#111&#112&#112&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#101&#116&#99&#46&#34 &#83&#111&#109&#101 mycologists who have studied the "magicmushrooms" in Australia &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#90 &#99&#108&#97&#105&#109 &#116&#104&#97&#116 the "use of P. &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#97&#115 &#97 &#114&#101&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 drugtends to &#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#114&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#102 &#116&#104&#97&#116 some farmers in early times may have added one or two basidiomes gilled &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#116&#111 &#97 &#109&#101&#97&#108&#116&#111 liven &#105&#116 &#117&#112 &#91&#97&#110&#100 &#115&#116&#105&#108&#108 &#100&#111 Margot & Watling, 1981)." CATTLE AS A POSSIBLE DISPERSAL MECHANISM FOR PSYCHOACTIVE DUNG FUNGI One &#109&#97&#121 &#97&#115&#107 &#116&#104&#101 &#113&#117&#101&#115&#116&#105&#111&#110&#44 "how did these mushrooms arrive in Australia and New &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100&#63&#34 &#87&#101&#108&#108 &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 may be endemic,that is, &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#108&#114&#101&#97&#100&#121 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 naturally.<br> &#79&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/cowmanurefertilizermagicmushrooms.php" title="Cowmanurefertilizermagicmushrooms" alt="Cowmanurefertilizermagicmushrooms" >Cowmanurefertilizermagicmushrooms</a> &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#97&#115 the &#97&#98&#111&#118&#101 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101&#100 &#100&#117&#110&#103&#45&#105&#110&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#109&#111&#115&#116 likelyappeared &#97&#102&#116&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#101 &#105&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 cattle on the subcontinent.The first livestock &#116&#111 &#97&#114&#114&#105&#118&#101 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#119&#101&#114&#101 brought from the Cape of Good Hope in1788, and included 2 bulls and 5 cows, &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#100&#111&#109&#101&#115&#116&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101&#100 farm animals. Byl803, &#116&#104&#101 &#103&#111&#118&#101&#114&#110&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#111&#119&#110&#101&#100 &#97&#112&#112&#114&#111&#120&#105&#109&#97&#116&#101&#108&#121 1800 &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101&#44 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#111&#102 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 were importedfrom the &#67&#97&#112&#101&#44 &#67&#97&#108&#99&#117&#116&#116&#97&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 west coast of America. It was during this period thatsome of the visionary mushrooms mentioned in this field guide probably first appeared inAustralia (Unsigned, 1973). According to Australian mycologist John &#66&#117&#114&#116&#111&#110 &#67&#108&#101&#108&#97&#110&#100&#40&#49&#57&#51&#52&#41&#44 &#34&#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 in cow &#111&#114 &#104&#111&#114&#115&#101&#45&#100&#117&#110&#103 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#110&#101&#100 to such &#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#97&#116&#115&#44 &#109&#117&#115&#116 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#99&#97&#115&#101 of Australia, all &#98&#101&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#105&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#101&#100 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#34&#46 &#73&#116 is believed &#116&#111 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 SouthAfrican dung beetle which may have &#97&#99&#116&#117&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115&#46 According to Englishmycologist Roy Watling of the Royal &#66&#111&#116&#97&#110&#105&#99 &#71&#97&#114&#100&#101&#110&#115 &#105&#110 &#71&#108&#97&#115&#103&#111&#119&#44 &#83&#99&#111&#116&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 "it must beremembered that &#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 &#99&#97&#110 &#99&#104&#97&#110&#103&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#114&#97&#116&#101 preferences &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#112&#114&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#111&#117&#115&#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 on kangaroo droppings etc." Some mycologists &#119&#104&#111 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#115&#116&#117&#100&#105&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 "magicmushrooms" in Australia and NZ claim that the "use of P. cubensis as a &#114&#101&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#100&#114&#117&#103&#116&#101&#110&#100&#115 &#116&#111 &#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#114&#109 the belief that some farmers in early times may have added one or two basidiomes gilled &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#116&#111 &#97 &#109&#101&#97&#108&#116&#111 liven it up and still do Margot & &#87&#97&#116&#108&#105&#110&#103&#44 &#49&#57&#56&#49&#41&#46&#34&#13&#10 </p> It has &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#115&#117&#103&#103&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#97&#110 Australian physician that the general &#112&#117&#98&#108&#105&#99 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#44 &#97&#115 well as members <b>SHROOMS HOW PICK TO</b> of its &#100&#114&#117&#103 &#117&#115&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#117&#98&#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#44 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 became aware &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#97&#114&#121 &#112&#114&#111&#112&#101&#114&#116&#105&#101&#115 of these psychoactive &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#98&#121 &#97 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 surfer(s), who came <i>Caps Magic Blue Magic Mushroom Magic</i> from either New Zealand or the United States &#40&#72&#97&#119&#97&#105&#105&#41 &#97&#110&#100 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121 &#112&#114&#111&#118&#105&#100&#101&#100 &#101&#116&#104&#110&#111&#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108 information to local surfers (McCarthy, 1971). This physician reported that the use of &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#44 &#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108 as 21 other drugs "was well demonstrated &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#97 &#115&#117&#114&#118&#101&#121 &#111&#110 &#100&#114&#117&#103 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/fun+things+to+do+while+on+shrooms/distribution+map+of+amanita+muscaria.php" title="Fun Things To Do While On Shrooms Distribution Map Of Amanita Muscaria" alt="Fun Things To Do While On Shrooms Distribution Map Of Amanita Muscaria" >Fun Things To Do While On Shrooms Distribution Map Of Amanita Muscaria</a> abuse that was conducted in Southern &#81&#117&#101&#101&#110&#115&#108&#97&#110&#100 &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#108&#57&#54&#57&#46&#34 &#84&#104&#105&#115 survey relied on interviews of 51 people belonging to &#34&#116&#104&#101 <u>SHROOMS HOW PICK TO</u> &#96&#115&#117&#114&#102&#101&#114&#39 &#115&#117&#98&#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#108 beach resorts". In &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#111&#99&#116&#111&#114 believed that "although the survey <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/inocybeaerugin.php" title="Inocybeaerugin" alt="Inocybeaerugin" >Inocybeaerugin</a> involved surfers and their female friends, there &#105&#115 &#110&#111 &#115&#117&#103&#103&#101&#115&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#116 the use of these drugs is confined to this group, which constitutes <H3>SHROOMS HOW PICK TO</H3> but a proportion of our (Australian) young drug taking &#99&#111&#109&#109&#117&#110&#105&#116&#121&#46&#34 <H2>how to pick shrooms</H2> &#73&#116 &#105&#115 &#116&#104&#117&#115 likely that word-of-mouth communication &#109&#97&#100&#101 &#97 &#115&#105&#103&#110&#105&#102&#105&#99&#97&#110&#116 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 to the increasing &#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#34&#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#34 &#105&#110 Australia and NZ. </p> <h1 id="cross-browser">to animal start start to what poop @ 3/13/2010 1:24:37 AM</h1> <p></p> <h1 id="stylesheets">identifying magic mushrooms</h1> <p>, and who gorge themselves on our tax dollars. I met Jochen Gartz shortly after the fall of the Berlin Wall at the third symposium of the European College for the Study of Consciousness (ECSC) in Freiburg, Germany. Our encounter was my first contact with a researcher from the former East Germany. Jochen Gartz's enthusiastic lecture was a truly consciousnessexpanding event, his words breaking down traditional borders and crossing over into new territory. The magic mushrooms spoke through him - with no trace of dogma or ideology - in the tradition of true anarchy that is the hallmark of mushroom magic. What I heard was unbelievable. Jochen spoke of a "new" psychedelic mushroom and its migration. The mycelia had spread in concentric circles outward from Leipzig, jumping all political borders. Finally, when the mycelia reached West German soil, the hated Berlin Wall crumbled. Could there possibly be a connection between the evolution of the magic mushroom and the evolution of our consciousness? Could a mushroom have contributed to the resolution of our political conflicts? In the past, politicians, even popes, had their own jesters and magicians, who functioned as pressure release valves in the machinations of political power struggles. It is obvious that a country whose chancellor is being pelted with eggs, urgently needs a new breed of magician who are able to readjust reality. But today, no aspiring magician should go about this task without this book as a guide for the wondrous journey into the realm of magic mushrooms. Christian Rdtsch Figure 5 - "Anthropomorphic Beings Engaged in Mushroom Dance" 10,000-year-old rock drawing in Tassili, Sahara (Algeria) CHAPTER 1 I BELIEVE THE TIME HAS COME FOR A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF NEW FINDINGS FROM THE FIELDS OF MYCOLOGY, TAXONOMY AND NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY When R.G. Wasson, R. Heim and A. Hofmann began their interdisciplinary research program to study the Mexican species of mushrooms and their usage in Mexican mushroom cults, their efforts culminated in a 1958 landmark report that described the isolation, molecular structure and synthesis of the mushrooms' active ingredients: psilocybin and psilocin. Several years later, these substances were also identified in a species of mushroom in Europe, Psilocybe semilanceata, which became the first in a series of newly discovered species. Since then, psychoactive mushrooms from other genera have been reported with increasing frequency. As part of my analytical work dedicated to the identification of naturally occurring chemicals, I had the good fortune to be part of a research team that studied alkaloids found in a variety of mushroom species. Now I believe the time has come for a comprehensive review of new findings from the fields of mycology, taxonomy and natural products chemistry. Wasson and his successors have already provided detailed accounts pertaining to the history and study of the Me was followed by a very vivid sensation of the soul in flight, coupled with feelings of euphoria.When looking out the window into the dark night of a forest landscape, visions of strange patterns and formations occurred, which were deeply impressive and seemed to impart an inkling of eternity. At the end of four hours, the effects had dissipated without dysphoria or any type of somatic side effect. A control experiment for comparison purposes was performed using 0.8 g of dried Psilocybe semilanceata. The onset of symptoms was much more sudden, including a heavy flow of tears, so that there was an initial phase of anxiety. Only in a later phase of the experience was it possible to perceive ornaments in the form of "underwater streamers", and to appreciate the aesthetically enhanced nature of these visions. The regular pattern of. involuntary intoxications is a good indicator for the large scope of expansion of Inocybe aeruginascens into new habitats during the 1980s. For example, at the time of the initial intoxications - when the species was still restricted to a few easily quantifiable collections - the mushrooms had spread from Potsdam to the location known in 1982, and from there moved on to several other locations in the vicinity, where more than 150 mushrooms were found (see Figure 34). Symbiosis With Trees Starting in late May 1984, fruiting bodies of the species could be found in abundance at countless new locations across the Brandenburg region of Germany. They tend to grow near the roots of different deciduous trees (Populus, Tilia, Quercus, Betula), on lawns in parks and gardens, at the edges of trails and in the paved margin areas of tree-lined sidewalks (where they may even grow on bare, sandy soil) as well as amongst the greenery of residential areas in the suburbs and communities in and around Berlin. Herein lies the most marked difference between Inocybe aeruginascens and other European psychotropic mushroom species: Inocybe aeruginascens grows only in areas of human development. Their prime locations are in the middle of villages and towns, where they grow locally much like other Inocybe species. They may temporarily produce mass quantities of fruiting bodies, in those locations that are typical habitats for the edible varieties of the fairy ring mushroom. So far, the most abundant crop of fruiting bodies was observed in 1987, due to very wet weather conditions, which allowed the mushrooms to thrive. The following years were comparatively dry and the species hardly fruited at all. It wasn't until 1990 that a few mushrooms re-emerged at the classic location in Potsdam. Despite 1989 having been a bad year for mushrooms, it was the year when Inocybe aeruginascens was found for the first time at four locations in and around Rostock, a city located on the Eastern German coast, which is famous for its wet climate. Finding the mushrooms at these locations is evidence for a mu <p align="center"> More than &#104&#97&#108&#102 &#111&#102 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/howtoidentifyshrooms.php" title="Howtoidentifyshrooms" alt="Howtoidentifyshrooms" >Howtoidentifyshrooms</a> <i>Mushrooms Found In England</i> &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#39&#115 &#98&#101&#101&#102 cattle can be found in the coastal areas of &#81&#117&#101&#101&#110&#115&#108&#97&#110&#100 </p> several members of a family eat the mushrooms together: it is not uncommon for a father, mother, children, uncles, and aunts to all participate in these transformations of the mind that elevate consciousness onto a higher plan. The kinship relation is thus the basis of the transcendental subjectivity that Husserl said is intersubjectivity. The mushrooms themselves are eaten in pairs, a couple representing man and woman that symbolizes the dual principle of procreation and creation. Then they sit together in their inner light, dream and realize and converse with each other, presences seated there together, their bodies immaterialized by the blackness, voices from without their communality. In a general sense, for everyone present the purpose of the session is a therapeutic catharsis. The chemicals of transformation of revelation that open the circuits of light, vision, and communication, called by us mind-manifesting, were known to the American Indians as medicines: the means given to men to know and to heal, to see and to say the truth. Among the Mazatecs, many, one time or another during their lives, have eaten the mushrooms, whether to cure themselves of an ailment or to resolve a problem; but it is not everyone who has a predilection for such extreme and arduous experiences of the creative imagination or who would want to repeat such journeys into the strange, unknown depths of the brain very frequently: those who do are the shamans, the masters, whose vocation it is to eat the mushrooms because they are the men of the spirit, the men of language, the men of wisdom. They are individuals recognized by their people to be expert in such psychological adventures, and when the others eat the mushrooms they always call to be with them, as a guide, one of those who is considered to be particularly acquainted with these modalities of the spirit. The medicine man presides over the session, for just as the Mazatec family is paternal and authoritarian, the liberating experience unfolds in the authoritarian context of a situation in which, rather than being allowed to speak or encouraged to express themselves, everyone is enjoined to keep silent and listen while the shaman speaks for each of those who are present. As one of the early Spanish chroniclers of the New World said: "They pay a sorcerer who eats them the mushrooms] and tells them what they have taught him. He does so by means of a rhythmic chant in full voice." as well. Below are some excerpts from his research protocols: J.H. (a 24-year-old male) ingested four cooked mushrooms at night, after a meal (!), and then ate another three fresh mushrooms 30 minutes later. This was followed by regurgitation, and 45 minutes later, he started to sweat profusely all over his head and body. His pulse rate and breathing were accelerated, but slowed down later on. He laid down and experienced visual hallucinations, which caused him to panic and to run a distance of about 1,200 ft. to consult the nearest doctor. The physician noted widely dilated pupils, and proceeded to have the patient's stomach pumped and then prescribed laxatives. Three hours later, the abnormal state had largely subsided; by the next morning, there was no evidence of any other side effects. M.K. (a 22-year-old male) ate just one fresh mushroom, which had no effects at all. K .Y. (a 31-year-old male) ate five mushrooms. Regurgitation occurred 30 minutes after ingestion, followed by sweating around the head and body; his extremities appeared to be slightly paralyzed. This paralysis persisted for another three hours. During this time, the subject had great difficulties handling a pen for writing, his mood was depressed and he experienced hallucinations, such as colorful lights flooding down from the sky. By the following morning, all of these effects had dissipated. The fresh fruiting bodies were bitter, a taste that disappeared after the mushrooms had been cooked in water. The above experiments are rather amateurish, and the descriptions of results are heavily influenced by a simplistic perspective which assumes that the mushrooms's pharmacological effects proceed along a single, narrow track. Still, these accounts demonstrate that comparable dosages of Japanese mushroom species have psychotropic effects similar to those caused by Psilocybe species found on other continents. Much work still remains to be done in the areas of phytochemistry and taxonomy before the body of knowledge about psychotropic mushroom species in Japan can grow to become adequate. The geographic distribution and ingredients of the Japanese Panaeolus species must also be studied further. For instance, Panaeolus subbalteatus is one of the species that are growing on several Japanese islands today. CHAPTER 7.6 INTOXICATIONS AND THE OLDEST KNOWN MUSHROOM CULT IN AFRICA So far, the mycoflora of the African continent has been studied only peripherally and remains largely unknown. During the late 1980s, Italian mycologist G. Samorini and Terence McKenna, working independently, found evidence for the oldest known mushroom cult in Africa. Their discoveries were not just sensational, but most surprising as well. On the other hand, it really shouldn't come as a surprise that the oldest traces of human contact with mushrooms were found on the very continent known as the cradle of humanity. 10,000 Years Old From 9,000 to <p align="right"> <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/bent+mushroom.php" title="Bent Mushroom" alt="Bent Mushroom" >Bent Mushroom</a> There are more than 1 dozen species of "magic mushrooms" in &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#101&#119 </p> <p align="right"> JOCHEN GARTZ MAGIC MUSHROOMS Around the World A &#83&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99 &#74&#111&#117&#114&#110&#101&#121 &#65&#99&#114&#111&#115&#115 &#67&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 and Time The &#67&#97&#115&#101 &#102&#111&#114 &#67&#104&#97&#108&#108&#101&#110&#103&#105&#110&#103 &#82&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 Value &#83&#121&#115&#116&#101&#109&#115&#13&#10&#42 &#76&#73&#83 &#80&#85&#66&#76&#73&#67&#65&#84&#73&#79&#78&#83 &#42 LOS ANGELES, CA* Figure &#49 &#45 &#87&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#67&#111&#108&#111&#114 Painting &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#13&#10&#40&#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#44 &#49&#57&#50&#55&#41&#13&#10&#84&#65&#66&#76&#69 OF CONTENT (With Active Links' Just Click &#79&#110 &#65 &#83&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116 &#84&#111 Go To The Page) "Who Was the First Magician?" - Foreword by Christian &#82&#97&#116&#115&#99&#104 &#55&#13&#10&#49&#46 &#73&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#57&#13&#10&#50&#46 Reflections on the History and Scientific Study of &#77&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#49&#48&#13&#10&#51&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#67&#117&#114&#114&#101&#110&#116 State of Knowledge About European Species 14 3.<br>1 Psilocybe semilanceata: The &#67&#108&#97&#115&#115&#105&#99 &#83&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#65&#109&#111&#110&#103 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 &#80&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 Mushrooms &#49&#54&#13&#10&#51&#46&#50 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115&#58 &#80&#111&#116&#101&#110&#116 Mushrooms Growing on Wood &#68&#101&#98&#114&#105&#115 &#50&#57&#13&#10&#51&#46&#51 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 &#115&#117&#98&#98&#97&#108&#116&#101&#97&#116&#117&#115&#58 Mycology and Myths about the Panaeolus Species 37 3.4 &#73&#110&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#97&#101&#114&#117&#103&#105&#110&#97&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115&#58 &#70&#97&#115&#116&#45&#83&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#78&#101&#119 Arrivals 44 3.5 Gymnopilus purpuratus: Magnificent Mushrooms from South America <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/edible+mushroom/mushroom+sauce.php" title="Sauce Edible Mushroom Mushroom" alt="Sauce Edible Mushroom Mushroom" >Sauce Edible Mushroom Mushroom</a> &#53&#49&#13&#10&#51&#46&#54 &#67&#111&#110&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#111&#112&#117&#115&#58 &#84&#105&#110&#121 Mushrooms of Remarkable Potency &#53&#53&#13&#10&#51&#46&#55 &#80&#108&#117&#116&#101&#117&#115 &#115&#97&#108&#105&#99&#105&#110&#117&#115&#58 &#65 Little-known Wood-Inhabiting &#83&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#53&#56&#13&#10&#52&#46 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#73&#100&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#58 Taxonomic Confusion and the Potential &#102&#111&#114 &#68&#101&#97&#100&#108&#121 &#77&#105&#115&#116&#97&#107&#101&#115 &#54&#49&#13&#10&#53&#46 The Bluing Phenomenon and Metol <b>things to do while on shrooms</b> Testing: Reality vs. Wishful Thinking &#54&#51&#13&#10&#54&#46 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#67&#117&#108&#116&#105&#118&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#58 &#67&#108&#97&#115&#115&#105&#99 Findings &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#101&#119 &#84&#101&#99&#104&#110&#105&#113&#117&#101&#115 &#54&#54&#13&#10&#55&#46 Psychotropic Mushroom Species Around the World &#55&#55&#13&#10&#55&#46&#49 &#83&#112&#111&#116&#108&#105&#103&#104&#116 &#111&#110 &#78&#111&#114&#116&#104 America &#97&#110&#100 &#72&#97&#119&#97&#105&#105 &#55&#57&#13&#10&#55&#46&#50 &#77&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#105&#97 in &#67&#101&#110&#116&#114&#97&#108 &#97&#110&#100 &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104 &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97 82 7.<br>3 Australia's Mycoflora Attracts Attention 84 7.<br>4 European Customs &#97&#110&#100 &#67&#111&#110&#118&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#56&#55&#13&#10&#55&#46&#53 &#74&#97&#112&#97&#110&#101&#115&#101 Experimentation 93 7.6 Intoxications and the &#79&#108&#100&#101&#115&#116 &#75&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#67&#117&#108&#116 in Africa &#57&#53&#13&#10&#55&#46&#55 &#85&#115&#97&#103&#101 &#105&#110 &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104&#101&#97&#115&#116 &#65&#115&#105&#97 and &#116&#104&#101 &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104 &#80&#97&#99&#105&#102&#105&#99 &#73&#115&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115 98 8. Some Comments on Effects <i>psilocybe mushrooms in New Jersey</i> of &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#67&#97&#116&#101&#103&#111&#114&#121 Phantastika &#49&#48&#50&#13&#10&#57&#46 &#80&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#97&#112&#121 &#49&#48&#56&#13&#10&#49&#48&#46 &#79&#117&#116&#108&#111&#111&#107 &#49&#49&#52&#13&#10&#49&#49&#46 Bibliography 120 Index 129 Figure 2 - Psilocybe &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#51 - Water color painting of Panaeolus &#115&#117&#98&#98&#97&#108&#116&#101&#97&#116&#117&#115 &#40&#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#44 &#49&#57&#50&#55&#41&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#52 - &#70&#114&#101&#115&#104 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 &#115&#117&#98&#98&#97&#108&#116&#101&#97&#116&#117&#115 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#46&#13&#10&#70&#79&#82&#69&#87&#79&#82&#68&#13&#10&#78&#111&#98&#111&#100&#121 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#115 precisely when the &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#101&#109&#101&#114&#103&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109 the shadows of prehistory to enter the &#108&#105&#103&#104&#116 &#111&#102 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#46&#13&#10&#78&#111&#98&#111&#100&#121 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#115 when the first magic mushroom was eaten by a human being. Nobody knows just who the first magic mushroom eater was. In seeking answers &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#113&#117&#101&#115&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#44 &#119&#101 can only speculate.<br> Mycophobes, however, &#97&#114&#101 &#113&#117&#105&#99&#107 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#118&#111&#105&#99&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 conviction that only a &#102&#111&#111&#108 &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#98&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#99&#107&#108&#101&#115&#115 &#101&#110&#111&#117&#103&#104 &#116&#111 &#119&#97&#110&#116 &#116&#111 &#97&#116&#116&#97&#105&#110 a higher state of consciousness &#98&#101&#121&#111&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#111&#117&#110&#100&#97&#114&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#101&#118&#101&#114&#121&#100&#97&#121 reality.<br> And only a &#102&#111&#111&#108 &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#97&#116&#116&#101&#109&#112&#116&#13&#10&#116&#111 &#100&#111 this by ingesting those odd little things that mysteriously &#116&#104&#114&#105&#118&#101 &#111&#110 &#100&#101&#99&#97&#121&#105&#110&#103&#44 &#104&#117&#109&#105&#100 &#115&#111&#105&#108&#44&#13&#10&#114&#111&#116&#116&#101&#110 wood &#97&#110&#100 &#109&#97&#108&#111&#100&#111&#114&#111&#117&#115 &#109&#111&#117&#110&#100&#115 &#111&#102 cow manure. Historically, magic, mushrooms have been &#102&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#97&#110&#100 &#104&#97&#116&#101&#100&#96 &#115&#105&#110&#99&#101 antiquity: &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#111&#117&#103&#104&#116 &#116&#111 be made &#102&#114&#111&#109&#13&#10&#112&#111&#105&#115&#111&#110&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#104&#97&#100 &#100&#114&#105&#112&#112&#101&#100 from serpents' fangs; they were considered to &#98&#101 &#117&#110&#99&#108&#101&#97&#110 &#101&#109&#105&#115&#115&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#101&#118&#105&#108 spirits; moreover, mushrooms were a kn </p> </p> <p><p align="right"> Most &#114&#101&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#117&#115&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 cubensis (when &#103&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 &#118&#105&#116&#114&#111&#41 &#114&#101&#113&#117&#105&#114&#101 a dosage of 1 to 2 gm of dried mushrooms to produce an altered state of consciousness; &#97 &#99&#108&#105&#110&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#100&#111&#115&#97&#103&#101 &#102&#111&#114 Psilocybe &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115&#44 &#111&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 hand, had previously &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#97&#115 &#114&#97&#110&#103&#105&#110&#103 from 3 to 5 gm of dried material. This dosage would be &#99&#111&#109&#112&#97&#114&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#97&#109&#111&#117&#110&#116 of fungal material consumed for religious purposes in a Mazatec Indian healing and curing ceremony. In 1982, one research &#116&#101&#97&#109 &#34&#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 level of psilocybin and psilocin varies over &#97 &#102&#97&#99&#116&#111&#114 &#111&#102 &#52 among various in vitro &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115&#44 while specimens from outdoors varied tenfold." A fresh dosage of Psilocybe cubensis in Australia would be approximately from 1 &#116&#111 &#50 &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 weighing up to as much as one fresh ounce, or as many as &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#50&#53 &#116&#111 &#53&#48 small mushrooms equaling the same weight amount.<br> Ethnopharmacologist Jonathan &#79&#116&#116 &#40&#49&#57&#55&#54&#44 &#49&#57&#57&#51&#41 &#110&#111&#116&#101&#100 that he has observed "the ingestion &#111&#102 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#48&#46&#53 &#103&#109 to 5.9 gm &#100&#114&#105&#101&#100 &#119&#101&#105&#103&#104&#116 &#40&#49&#48 &#103&#109 to &#52&#48 &#103&#109 &#102&#114&#101&#115&#104&#41&#34&#44 &#111&#102 &#118&#97&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115 species of Psilocybe. Dosage for Psilocybe subcubensis would be the &#115&#97&#109&#101 &#97&#115 &#102&#111&#114 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115&#46 Both of &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#108&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114 &#116&#119&#111 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 are macroscopically alike. The usual dosage for Copelandia cyanescens required to induce psychedelic &#118&#105&#115&#117&#97&#108 &#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115 &#114&#97&#110&#103&#101&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 1 to 3 large specimens (cap diameter c. 5 &#109&#109&#41&#44 &#111&#114 &#97&#115 &#109&#97&#110&#121 as 5 to &#108&#48 &#109&#101&#100&#105&#117&#109&#45&#115&#105&#122&#101&#100 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#40&#99&#97&#112 &#100&#105&#97&#109&#101&#116&#101&#114 &#99&#46 2.5 mm); &#104&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 &#112&#101&#114&#115&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#116&#111&#108&#101&#114&#97&#110&#99&#101 &#116&#111 this species may occur with &#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#117&#101&#100 &#117&#115&#101&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#115&#111&#109&#101 who consume large &#97&#109&#111&#117&#110&#116&#115 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/marijuana+contact+tables+for+myspace+only/myspace+marijuana+contact+tables.php" title="Marijuana Only Myspace Contact Tables Tables Contact Only Only Myspace" alt="Marijuana Only Myspace Contact Tables Tables Contact Only Only Myspace" >Marijuana Only Myspace Contact Tables Tables Contact Only Only Myspace</a> &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 have reportedly ingested as &#109&#97&#110&#121 &#97&#115 &#53&#48 &#116&#111 200 fresh specimens of &#118&#97&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#115&#105&#122&#101&#115&#46 </p> several members of a family eat the mushrooms together: it is not uncommon for a father, mother, children, uncles, and aunts to all participate in these transformations of the mind that elevate consciousness onto a higher plan. The kinship relation is thus the basis of the transcendental subjectivity that Husserl said is intersubjectivity. The mushrooms themselves are eaten in pairs, a couple representing man and woman that symbolizes the dual principle of procreation and creation. Then they sit together in their inner light, dream and realize and converse with each other, presences seated there together, their bodies immaterialized by the blackness, voices from without their communality. In a general sense, for everyone present the purpose of the session is a therapeutic catharsis. The chemicals of transformation of revelation that open the circuits of light, vision, and communication, called by us mind-manifesting, were known to the American Indians as medicines: the means given to men to know and to heal, to see and to say the truth. Among the Mazatecs, many, one time or another during their lives, have eaten the mushrooms, whether to cure themselves of an ailment or to resolve a problem; but it is not everyone who has a predilection for such extreme and arduous experiences of the creative imagination or who would want to repeat such journeys into the strange, unknown depths of the brain very frequently: those who do are the shamans, the masters, whose vocation it is to eat the mushrooms because they are the men of the spirit, the men of language, the men of wisdom. They are individuals recognized by their people to be expert in such psychological adventures, and when the others eat the mushrooms they always call to be with them, as a guide, one of those who is considered to be particularly acquainted with these modalities of the spirit. The medicine man presides over the session, for just as the Mazatec family is paternal and authoritarian, the liberating experience unfolds in the authoritarian context of a situation in which, rather than being allowed to speak or encouraged to express themselves, everyone is enjoined to keep silent and listen while the shaman speaks for each of those who are present. As one of the early Spanish chroniclers of the New World said: "They pay a sorcerer who eats them the mushrooms] and tells them what they have taught him. He does so by means of a rhythmic chant in full voice." &#111&#119&#110&#13&#10&#99&#97&#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#100&#101&#97&#116&#104 and &#100&#105&#115&#101&#97&#115&#101&#44 &#98&#108&#111&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#115&#116&#111&#109&#97&#99&#104&#115 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#105&#110&#115&#97&#110&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#66&#101&#108&#105&#101&#102&#115 such as these have survived to the present day. They persist, &#102&#111&#114 &#101&#120&#97&#109&#112&#108&#101&#44&#44&#44 &#97&#115&#13&#10&#102&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#111&#102 speech, s u c h as the &#115&#108&#105&#99&#107 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#110&#13&#10&#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#112&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#97 societal misfit as &#115&#111&#109&#101&#111&#110&#101 &#34&#119&#104&#111&#13&#10&#97&#116&#101 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#109&#97&#100&#110&#101&#115&#115&#45&#105&#110&#100&#117&#99&#105&#110&#103 mushrooms." But, &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#105&#115 &#97&#110&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#118&#101&#114&#121 different, magic &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#108&#101&#103&#97&#99&#121 &#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108&#46&#13&#10&#70&#108&#101&#115&#104 of the Gods for Devil Worshippers The Old World. Mycenaean civilization began &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#116&#114&#105&#112 -Mushrooms were an ingredient in the ambrosia &#111&#102 &#68&#105&#111&#110&#121&#115&#117&#115&#46&#13&#10&#80&#111&#114&#112&#104&#121&#114&#105&#117&#115&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#117&#114&#116&#104 century &#76&#97&#116&#105&#110 &#112&#111&#101&#116 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#116&#101&#109&#112&#111&#114&#97&#114&#121 &#111&#102 Emperor Konstantin, knew that magic mushrooms were the children &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#103&#111&#100&#115&#46&#13&#10&#87&#72&#79 &#87&#65&#83 &#84&#72&#69 FIRST MAGICIAN? A quasi-cannibalistic ritual, the act &#111&#102 &#101&#97&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#99&#104&#105&#108&#100&#114&#101&#110 &#111&#102 the &#103&#111&#100&#115 &#117&#110&#108&#111&#99&#107&#101&#100 &#111&#110&#101&#39&#115 &#112&#111&#119&#101&#114 to experience the truly divine. But not all mushrooms enable human beings to enter the realm of divine consciousness. This &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#112&#111&#119&#101&#114&#13&#10&#114&#101&#115&#105&#100&#101&#115 &#105&#110 &#111&#110&#108&#121 those &#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#97&#115 &#34&#102&#111&#111&#108&#39&#115&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#34&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 were considered &#112&#111&#105&#115&#111&#110&#111&#117&#115&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#98&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#97&#119&#110 of the Devil throughout the late &#77&#105&#100&#100&#108&#101 &#65&#103&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#119&#101&#108&#108 into modern times. The New <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/grow.php" title="Grow" alt="Grow" >Grow</a> World: The Aztecs in Mexico referred to a number of small, inconspicuous mushrooms as teonartacatl, or "flesh of the Gods." These sacred mushrooms were eaten during the course of rituals intended to &#99&#111&#110&#116&#97&#99&#116&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#71&#111&#100&#115 &#105&#110 &#111&#114&#100&#101&#114 to learn &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#111&#114&#108&#100 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#97&#108&#109 of &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#105&#118&#105&#110&#101&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#13&#10&#114&#105&#116&#117&#97&#108&#115 thoroughly spooked the Catholic Spaniards. &#84&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#101&#97&#116&#101&#114&#115&#44 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110&#108&#121&#13&#10&#116&#104&#111&#117&#103&#104&#116 of as Devil worshippers, were hounded by &#116&#104&#101 &#73&#110&#113&#117&#105&#115&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 &#83&#116&#105&#108&#108&#44 &#97&#108&#108 good things survive the tests &#111&#102 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#44 &#115&#111 &#116&#104&#101 cult of magic mushroom eaters did not become extinct. Like &#109&#121&#99&#101&#108&#105&#97&#13&#10&#117&#110&#100&#101&#114&#103&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#117&#108&#116 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#117&#101&#100 &#116&#111 flourish, and at the proper time in recorded history, &#105&#110 &#49&#57&#53&#55&#44&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 fully grown mushroom re-surfaced to draw widespread public &#97&#116&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 &#86&#97&#108&#101&#110&#116&#105&#110&#101&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 &#71&#111&#114&#100&#111&#110 &#87&#97&#115&#115&#111&#110 <b>compare shrooms varieties colorful vs euphoric</b> became the heroes &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#109&#111&#100&#101&#114&#110 &#110&#101&#111&#45&#109&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#105&#99 &#109&#111&#118&#101&#109&#101&#110&#116&#46&#13&#10&#66&#97&#99&#107 to the Old &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100&#58 &#84&#104&#101 &#114&#101&#118&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 &#105&#110&#115&#105&#103&#104&#116&#115 gained from the use of psychoactive mushrooms were so magically wonderful, that our native European "fool's mushrooms" - &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104&#13&#10&#119&#101&#114&#101 &#103&#101&#110&#101 &#59 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101&#114&#101&#100 inedible - had to be recognized as closely related &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#111&#102 Mexico, the flesh of the Aztec Gods. The souls of magic mushrooms in Mexico and Germany are essentially made from the same substance: <H1>vision while on mushrooms</H1> psilocybin. Jochen &#71&#97&#114&#116&#122 &#104&#97&#115 &#109&#97&#100&#101 &#97&#110 &#101&#120&#116&#114&#97&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#97&#114&#121&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 to the field &#111&#102 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#121 &#98&#121 &#101&#109&#98&#114&#97&#99&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#39&#115 magic mushrooms and the &#115&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99&#13&#10&#115&#116&#117&#100&#121 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#101&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#102 these fungi. The research efforts upon which this book is &#98&#97&#115&#101&#100 &#114&#101&#113&#117&#105&#114&#101&#13&#10&#110&#111&#116&#104&#105&#110&#103 &#108&#101&#115&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#110 a fearless, brave and courageous consciousness, free of prejudice and mycophobia. I am convinced that a researcher's consciousness infused by the &#115&#112&#105&#114&#105&#116 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 mushroom is capable of far deeper &#115&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99 &#105&#110&#115&#105&#103&#104&#116&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#119&#101&#13&#10&#99&#97&#110 ever expect &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#117&#115&#117&#97&#108 &#105&#118&#111&#114&#121 tower academics, isolated &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#114&#101&#97&#108&#105&#116&#121 <div align="justify"> ure &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#13&#10&#40&#119&#105&#116&#104 &#115&#99&#108&#101&#114&#111&#116&#105&#97 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#41&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#52&#56 - &#73&#110&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#97&#101&#114&#117&#103&#105&#110&#97&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#111&#110 &#103&#114&#97&#115&#115&#121 soil Figure 49 - Psilocybe cubensis on horse manure and &#114&#105&#99&#101&#46&#13&#10&#112&#111&#114&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#102 &#109&#121&#99&#101&#108&#105&#97 &#119&#104&#111&#115&#101 texture &#105&#115 &#115&#111&#109&#101&#119&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#108&#105&#107&#101 &#119&#111&#111&#108&#46 &#84&#104&#101 kind of viruses known to appear in champignon cultures - &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#97&#108&#114&#101&#97&#100&#121&#13&#10&#99&#97&#117&#115&#101&#100 a lot &#111&#102 &#100&#97&#109&#97&#103&#101 &#45 &#104&#97&#118&#101 so &#102&#97&#114 &#110&#111&#116 &#98&#101&#101&#110&#13&#10&#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#105&#110 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 of &#116&#104&#101 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#73&#116 is &#115&#97&#102&#101 &#116&#111 &#115&#97&#121 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/shroomsdrawingofdeathtrees.php" title="Shroomsdrawingofdeathtrees" alt="Shroomsdrawingofdeathtrees" >Shroomsdrawingofdeathtrees</a> &#116&#104&#97&#116 we &#99&#117&#114&#114&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121 &#107&#110&#111&#119 &#97&#13&#10&#103&#114&#101&#97&#116 &#100&#101&#97&#108 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 the nutritional requirements of Psilocybe cubensis.<br> &#84&#111 &#97 &#108&#101&#115&#115&#101&#114 &#101&#120&#116&#101&#110&#116&#44 such information is available about other species as well.<br> &#65&#114&#109&#101&#100 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#108&#101&#100&#103&#101&#44 future researchers may well discover new insights into physiology of these &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 &#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#97&#115 the biochemical changes that occur &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103&#46&#13&#10&#73&#110 &#109&#121 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#109&#101&#110&#116&#115&#44 it has already been established that &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#99&#101&#115&#115 &#111&#102 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116&#105&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#119&#104&#101&#114&#101&#98&#121 mycelia are transformed into sclerotia or fruiting bodies is linked to increased production of psilocybin as well as psilocin, especially in Psilocybe <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/psilocybe+brasiliensis/eating+shrooms/" title="Psilocybe Brasiliensis Eating Shrooms" alt="Psilocybe Brasiliensis Eating Shrooms" >Psilocybe Brasiliensis Eating Shrooms</a> cubensis. Due to &#116&#104&#101 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#108&#121 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#120&#13&#10&#109&#101&#116&#104&#111&#100&#111&#108&#111&#103&#121 &#97&#110&#100 the type of equipment needed to isolate and &#109&#97&#105&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110 &#115&#116&#101&#114&#105&#108&#101 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115&#44 &#105&#116 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#115&#13&#10&#117&#110&#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121 that cultivation &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#98&#121 &#108&#97&#121&#112&#101&#114&#115&#111&#110&#115 will significantly heighten &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#39&#115 &#112&#111&#112&#117&#108&#97&#114&#105&#116&#121 &#111&#114 widen its area of distribution &#97&#110&#121&#116&#105&#109&#101 &#115&#111&#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#72&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 &#115&#105&#110&#99&#101 &#116&#104&#101 early &#49&#57&#56&#48&#115&#44 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#110&#117&#109&#98&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#102 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#101&#115 in North America and Europe have successfully &#117&#115&#101&#100 &#34&#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108 &#111&#117&#116&#100&#111&#111&#114&#13&#10&#99&#117&#108&#116&#105&#118&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#34 &#116&#111 fruit Psilocybe cyanescens and similar species.<br> This &#112&#114&#111&#99&#101&#115&#115 &#105&#110&#118&#111&#108&#118&#101&#115 &#115&#101&#108&#101&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108 wood substrates striated &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#109&#121&#99&#101&#108&#105&#97&#13&#10&#40&#114&#104&#105&#122&#111&#109&#111&#114&#112&#104&#115&#41 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#117&#115&#117&#97&#108&#108&#121 turn blue in response to handling. The mycelia &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#110 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#102&#101&#114&#114&#101&#100 &#111&#110&#116&#111&#13&#10&#102&#114&#101&#115&#104 wood chips or commercial mulch (not from cedar trees).<br> After &#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#109&#111&#110&#116&#104&#115 &#111&#102 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#116&#104&#44 the mycelia fruit &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#97&#108&#108 &#115&#101&#97&#115&#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 50 - Surface culture of &#73&#110&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#97&#101&#114&#117&#103&#105&#110&#97&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#111&#110 &#97 liquid nutrient medium. Figure 51 - Panaeolus &#115&#117&#98&#98&#97&#108&#116&#101&#97&#116&#117&#115 &#111&#110 &#99&#111&#119 &#100&#117&#110&#103 &#97&#110&#100 rice. Figure 52 - Psilocybe cubensis on wet &#110&#101&#119&#115&#112&#97&#112&#101&#114&#46&#13&#10&#67&#72&#65&#80&#84&#69&#82 &#55&#13&#10&#80&#83&#89&#67&#72&#79&#84&#82&#79&#80&#73&#67 &#77&#85&#83&#72&#82&#79&#79&#77 &#83&#80&#69&#67&#73&#69&#83&#13&#10&#65&#82&#79&#85&#78&#68 THE WORLD Figure 53 - Psilocybe cubensis on compost. Figure 54 - Psilocybe stuntzii (grasslands variety) from &#66&#114&#105&#116&#105&#115&#104 &#67&#111&#108&#117&#109&#98&#105&#97&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#53&#53 &#45 Giant mushroom sculpture &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#75&#101&#114&#97&#108&#97&#44 &#73&#110&#100&#105&#97&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#105&#115 considerable debate among experts &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#105&#103&#110&#105&#102&#105&#99&#97&#110&#99&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#111&#115&#101 of the sculpture.<br> Figure &#53&#54 &#45 &#77&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 & water buffalo t-shirt from Thailand, designed for the Western tourist market. CHAPTER 7.1 SPOTLIGHT &#79&#78 &#78&#79&#82&#84&#72 &#65&#77&#69&#82&#73&#67&#65 &#65&#78&#68 HAWAII In 1961, V.E. Tyler &#98&#101&#99&#97&#109&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116&#13&#10&#105&#110&#118&#101&#115&#116&#105&#103&#97&#116&#111&#114 &#116&#111 report the detection of psilocybin &#105&#110&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#112&#101&#108&#108&#105&#99&#117&#108&#111&#115&#97 &#40&#83&#109&#105&#116&#104&#41 &#83&#105&#110&#103&#101&#114 & &#83&#109&#105&#116&#104&#44&#13&#10&#97 &#78&#111&#114&#116&#104 &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 species.<br> One year later, &#116&#119&#111 &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104 &#103&#114&#111&#117&#112&#115&#44 &#119&#111&#114&#107&#105&#110&#103 independently, discovered psilocybin, as well as psilocin, in samples of &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#98&#97&#101&#111&#99&#121&#115&#116&#105&#115 &#83&#105&#110&#103&#101&#114 &#38 &#83&#109&#105&#116&#104&#13&#10&#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 Pacific &#78&#111&#114&#116&#104&#119&#101&#115&#116 &#114&#101&#103&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#78&#111&#114&#116&#104&#13&#10&#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97&#46 Additional chemical and taxonomic findin </div> Existing evidence indicates that man in the Old World —Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia—has made less use of native plants and shrubs for their hallucinogenic properties than has man in the New World. There is little reason to believe that the vegetation of one half of the globe is poorer or richer in species with hallucinogenic properties than the other half. Why, then, should there be such disparity? Has man in the Old World simply not discovered many of the native hallucinogenic plants? Are some of them too toxic in other ways to be utilized? Or has man in the Old World been culturally less interested in narcotics? We have no real answer. But we do know that the Old World has fewer known species employed hallucinogenically than does the New World: compared with only 15 or 20 species used in the Eastern Hemisphere, the species used hallucinogenically in the Western Hemisphere number more than 100! Yet some of the Old World hallucinogens today hold places of primacy throughout the world. Cannabis, undoubtedly the most widespread of all the hallucinogens, is perhaps the best example. The several solanaceous ingredients of medieval witches' brews—henbane, nightshade, belladonna, and mandrake—greatly influenced European philosophy, medicine, and even history for many years. Some played an extraordinarily vital religious role in the early Aryan cultures of northern India. The role of hallucinogens in the cultural and social development of many areas of the Old World is only now being investigated. At every turn, its exte <p align="right"> More &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#104&#97&#108&#102 &#111&#102 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#39&#115 beef cattle can be found in <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/legal+magic+mushroom/maitake+mushroom.php" title="Legal Magic Mushroom Maitake Mushroom" alt="Legal Magic Mushroom Maitake Mushroom" >Legal Magic Mushroom Maitake Mushroom</a> the coastal areas <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/growing+kits/psilocybe+heimii.php" title="Heimii Forum Heimii Forum Heimii Forum Heimii" alt="Heimii Forum Heimii Forum Heimii Forum Heimii" >Heimii Forum Heimii Forum Heimii Forum Heimii</a> of &#81&#117&#101&#101&#110&#115&#108&#97&#110&#100 </p> <div align="left"> by &#65&#46 &#72&#111&#102&#109&#97&#110&#110&#44 &#83&#97&#110&#100&#111&#122 &#80&#104&#97&#114&#109&#97&#99&#101&#117&#116&#105&#99&#97&#108&#115&#13&#10&#109&#97&#110&#117&#102&#97&#99&#116&#117&#114&#101&#100 about 2 kg (ca. 4.<br>4lbs) of pure psilocybin for scientific research purposes. The results of pharmacological &#116&#101&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#115&#111&#111&#110 &#114&#101&#118&#101&#97&#108&#101&#100 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 &#97&#115 &#97&#110 &#97&#108&#107&#97&#108&#111&#105&#100 that was perfectly &#115&#97&#102&#101 &#102&#111&#114 &#104&#117&#109&#97&#110 &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#115 under controlled experimental conditions. Despite this evidence, &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#97&#110&#116&#105&#45&#100&#114&#117&#103 &#108&#101&#103&#105&#115&#108&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#102&#114&#97&#109&#101&#119&#111&#114&#107 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 mid1960s firmly established an "official &#109&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#111&#98&#105&#97&#34&#44 &#97&#13&#10&#109&#105&#115&#103&#117&#105&#100&#101&#100&#44 &#121&#101&#116 &#101&#110&#116&#114&#101&#110&#99&#104&#101&#100 policy that still prevails today and &#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101&#108&#121 &#112&#114&#101&#118&#101&#110&#116&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99&#13&#10&#105&#110&#118&#101&#115&#116&#105&#103&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 of promising potential &#97&#112&#112&#108&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#13&#10&#102&#111&#114 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 alkaloids. At the &#115&#97&#109&#101&#13&#10&#116&#105&#109&#101&#44 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#97&#110&#100 &#98&#105&#111&#99&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97&#108&#13&#10&#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104 studies have &#115&#104&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#99&#111&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#116&#104&#114&#105&#118&#101 all over the world and can be found on all continents.<br> These mushrooms are no different from <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/smoke+shrooms/psilocybe+brasiliensis.php" title="Brasiliensis Smoke Brasiliensis Shrooms" alt="Brasiliensis Smoke Brasiliensis Shrooms" >Brasiliensis Smoke Brasiliensis Shrooms</a> any other mycoflora &#97&#110&#100 &#109&#117&#115&#116 &#110&#111&#116 &#98&#101 &#101&#120&#99&#108&#117&#100&#101&#100 from scientific investigation &#98&#101&#99&#97&#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#97&#108&#107&#97&#108&#111&#105&#100&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#116&#101&#110&#116&#46&#13&#10&#73&#110 addition &#116&#111 &#111&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108&#108 &#118&#97&#114&#105&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#105&#110 value systems across cultures, individuals tend to develop their own personal attitudes towards mushrooms in general. Oftentimes, the evolution of specific opinions &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#99&#97&#110 &#98&#101&#13&#10&#116&#114&#97&#99&#101&#100 back to childhood events, even though &#115&#117&#99&#104&#13&#10&#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#115&#101&#108&#100&#111&#109 &#97&#99&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116 for the development of &#112&#114&#101&#118&#97&#105&#108&#105&#110&#103 &#98&#105&#97&#115&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#118&#97&#108&#117&#101&#13&#10&#115&#121&#115&#116&#101&#109&#115 later &#105&#110 &#108&#105&#102&#101&#46&#13&#10&#73 &#114&#101&#99&#97&#108&#108 &#97&#110 incident from my own childhood, which occurred when &#73 &#119&#97&#115 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#102&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#121&#101&#97&#114&#115 old. &#73 &#119&#97&#115 &#112&#108&#97&#121&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#110 a &#103&#114&#97&#115&#115&#121 &#109&#101&#97&#100&#111&#119&#44 &#119&#104&#101&#110&#13&#10&#97 &#103&#105&#114&#108 pointed &#116&#111 &#97 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 and &#101&#97&#114&#110&#101&#115&#116&#108&#121&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#108&#97&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#105&#116 &#119&#97&#115 inedible and poisonous. While I have never forgotten this encounter, I did grow up to become a devoted mushroom enthusiast. &#79&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#104&#97&#110&#100&#44 a &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116&#13&#10&#99&#104&#105&#108&#100&#104&#111&#111&#100 &#101&#118&#101&#110&#116 &#104&#97&#115 &#108&#101&#102&#116 me with the &#118&#105&#118&#105&#100 &#109&#101&#109&#111&#114&#121&#13&#10&#111&#102 &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#97 landfill virtually covered with vast numbers of gilled bluing &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#115&#101&#110&#115&#101 &#111&#102 awe I experienced contemplating this sight.<br> In &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#108&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#117&#110&#117&#115&#117&#97&#108 &#99&#104&#97&#114&#97&#99&#116&#101&#114&#105&#115&#116&#105&#99&#115 of these mushrooms are most likely &#114&#101&#115&#112&#111&#110&#115&#105&#98&#108&#101 &#102&#111&#114&#13&#10&#115&#116&#114&#111&#110&#103 &#105&#109&#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#101&#100 early &#105&#110 &#108&#105&#102&#101&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#116&#104&#101&#110&#13&#10&#109&#97&#121 develop &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#118&#97&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#97&#116&#116&#105&#116&#117&#100&#101&#115 &#111&#114 beliefs later on. An enduring personal &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#101&#115&#116 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 can serve to amplify &#111&#114 &#100&#105&#109&#105&#110&#105&#115&#104 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#111&#98&#105&#99 &#97&#115 well as mycophilic dispositions, depending &#111&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#105&#110&#102&#108&#117&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#111&#102 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 factors. After all, &#106&#117&#100&#103&#109&#101&#110&#116&#115&#13&#10&#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#101&#110&#101&#102&#105&#116 &#111&#114 folly of deliberately altering one's state of consciousness are &#97&#108&#115&#111 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100 &#98&#121&#13&#10&#105&#110&#100&#105&#118&#105&#100&#117&#97&#108 &#112&#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115&#44 &#98&#105&#97&#115&#101&#115 and &#111&#112&#105&#110&#105&#111&#110&#115&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#99&#104&#97&#112&#116&#101&#114&#115 &#97&#114&#101 meant to illustrate this diversity &#111&#102 &#97&#116&#116&#105&#116&#117&#100&#101&#115 &#116&#111&#119&#97&#114&#100&#115&#13&#10&#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#46 Descriptions of &#112&#108&#97&#110&#110&#101&#100&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 &#105&#110&#118&#111&#108&#117&#110&#116&#97&#114&#121 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#109&#101&#110&#116&#115 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#102&#105&#99&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 species &#111&#102&#102&#101&#114 &#99&#111&#110&#118&#105&#110&#99&#105&#110&#103 &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 effects of &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#111&#112&#101&#110 to many possible interpretations. CHAPTER 3 THE &#67&#85&#82&#82&#69&#78&#84 &#83&#84&#65&#84&#69 &#79&#70 &#75&#78&#79&#87&#76&#69&#68&#71&#69 ABOUT EUROPEAN SPECIES Figure 7 - Distribution pattern of &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#97&#99&#114&#111&#115&#115 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101 and North Africa (according to Krieglsteiner). Black dots &#105&#110&#100&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101 &#97&#112&#112&#114&#111&#120&#105&#109&#97&#116&#101 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111 </div> </p> <p><div align="center"> It has been suggested by an Australian physician that <u>Fun Guys</u> the general public in Australia, as &#119&#101&#108&#108 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magic+mushrooms+in+horse/pictures+of+magic+mushrooms.php" title="Magic Mushrooms In Horse Pictures Of Magic Mushrooms" alt="Magic Mushrooms In Horse Pictures Of Magic Mushrooms" >Magic Mushrooms In Horse Pictures Of Magic Mushrooms</a> &#97&#115 &#109&#101&#109&#98&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#102 its drug using &#115&#117&#98&#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#44 </div> <p align="center"> went in waves.<br> Increasingly, all colors in &#104&#101&#114&#13&#10&#105&#109&#109&#101&#100&#105&#97&#116&#101 &#115&#117&#114&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#99&#111&#97&#108&#101&#115&#99&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#116&#111 shades &#111&#102&#13&#10&#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 fearsome; the heads of monsters became visible and a &#119&#97&#108&#108 &#111&#112&#101&#110&#101&#100 &#117&#112&#13&#10&#105&#110&#116&#111 &#97&#110 abyss. There was a succession &#111&#102 &#104&#117&#109&#97&#110&#13&#10&#102&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97&#110&#105&#109&#97&#108 &#104&#101&#97&#100&#115&#46 The next &#100&#97&#121&#44 &#101&#118&#101&#114&#121&#116&#104&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#119&#97&#115 &#98&#97&#99&#107 &#116&#111 normal.<br> &#84&#104&#101 &#111&#108&#100&#101&#115&#116 &#99&#104&#105&#108&#100 &#40&#97&#103&#101 14) also saw her parents' hair color turn green, had dilated pupils and &#119&#97&#116&#99&#104&#101&#100 &#103&#101&#111&#109&#101&#116&#114&#105&#99 &#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#115 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114 on the wall.<br> The youngest child (age 11) experienced cramps and lost consciousness. In 1960, Singer and &#71&#117&#122&#109&#97&#110 &#115&#117&#103&#103&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100&#13&#10&#116&#104&#97&#116 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 might contain psilocybin, because of the &#105&#110&#116&#101&#110&#115&#101 &#98&#108&#117&#101 &#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101&#121 &#104&#97&#100 observed. &#73&#116 &#119&#97&#115&#110&#39&#116 &#117&#110&#116&#105&#108 &#97&#102&#116&#101&#114 the intoxications in Menton had &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#112&#117&#98&#108&#105&#99&#105&#122&#101&#100&#44 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#97 &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104 team working with A. Hofmann detected 0.2% of psilocybin in the mushrooms. Considering the &#112&#111&#119&#101&#114&#102&#117&#108 &#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115&#44 &#104&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 &#116&#104&#105&#115&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#99&#101&#110&#116&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 appears to &#98&#101 &#116&#111&#111 &#108&#111&#119 &#116&#111 cause such impressive reactions. Later on, &#83&#97&#110&#100&#111&#122&#13&#10&#76&#97&#98&#111&#114&#97&#116&#111&#114&#105&#101&#115 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#101&#118&#101&#108 &#111&#102 psilocybin in dried &#115&#97&#109&#112&#108&#101&#115 &#97&#115 &#48&#46&#56&#37&#44 &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 with 1.2% psilocin. The <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/dipropyltryptamine+for+sale.php" title="Dipropyltryptamine For Sale" alt="Dipropyltryptamine For Sale" >Dipropyltryptamine For Sale</a> level of psilocin, however, may &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110&#13&#10&#102&#97&#108&#115&#101&#108&#121 &#101&#108&#101&#118&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#98&#121 the presence of serotonin and its derivates in the mushroom sample that &#119&#97&#115&#13&#10&#98&#101&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100&#46&#13&#10&#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#83&#116&#105&#106&#118&#101&#44 a <i>psilocybe subaeruginosa medium</i> mushroom sample collected by J.W. Allen in Thailand contained 0.<br>4% - &#49&#46&#48&#53&#37 &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#105&#110&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 only trace amounts of psilocybin; serotonin was present in large amounts, comparable &#116&#111 &#99&#111&#110&#99&#101&#110&#116&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#13&#10&#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#105&#110 &#97&#108&#108 Panaeolus species. Apparently, &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115&#13&#10&#112&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#101&#115 &#109&#111&#114&#101 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#105&#110 than psilocybin. Still, I was able &#116&#111 &#100&#101&#116&#101&#99&#116 <b>Non Sterile Mushroom Cultivation</b> &#48&#46&#52&#37 &#111&#102 psilocybin in &#109&#121&#99&#101&#108&#105&#97&#13&#10&#99&#117&#108&#116&#105&#118&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#111&#110 &#109&#97&#108&#116 &#97&#103&#97&#114&#44 with no other indole compounds &#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#116&#46&#13&#10&#68&#105&#115&#99&#117&#115&#115&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#13&#10&#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 remain incomplete without pointing out that &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101&#108&#121 &#116&#101&#114&#114&#105&#102&#121&#105&#110&#103 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#115&#101&#115&#13&#10&#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 in 1965 cannot be attributed to a specific mushroom ingredient, &#98&#117&#116 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121&#13&#10&#112&#114&#101&#99&#105&#112&#105&#116&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#98&#121 the circumstances (set and setting) surrounding the incident.<br> The effects described by J. Allen &#105&#110 &#72&#97&#119&#97&#105&#105 &#97&#102&#116&#101&#114 &#101&#97&#116&#105&#110&#103 20 specimens paint a different &#112&#105&#99&#116&#117&#114&#101 &#97&#108&#116&#111&#103&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#58&#13&#10&#87&#105&#116&#104 &#114&#97&#100&#105&#111 &#109&#117&#115&#105&#99 playing softly in &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#100&#97&#114&#107&#44 &#101&#117&#112&#104&#111&#114&#105&#97 &#98&#101&#103&#97&#110 &#116&#111 come on in &#119&#97&#118&#101&#115&#46 &#65&#102&#116&#101&#114&#13&#10&#50&#48 &#109&#105&#110&#117&#116&#101&#115&#44 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#115 became so &#105&#110&#116&#101&#110&#115&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#73 &#116&#114&#105&#101&#100&#13&#10&#116&#111 close my eyes. &#87&#104&#101&#110&#101&#118&#101&#114 &#49 &#100&#105&#100 &#99&#108&#111&#115&#101 my eyes, my eyelids felt as if &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#98&#101&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#112&#114&#97&#121&#101&#100 from the outside. Colors were sharp and clear, but I always quickly opened &#109&#121 &#101&#121&#101&#115 &#97&#103&#97&#105&#110&#46 &#67&#111&#108&#111&#114&#115&#13&#10&#119&#101&#114&#101 dancing like laser beams to the rhythm &#111&#102&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#105&#99&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#97&#114&#115 &#105&#110 the sky assembled in clusters that reached &#97&#108&#108 &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#97&#121 &#105&#110&#116&#111 my soul. I was a little scared at the &#105&#100&#101&#97 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#111&#99&#101&#97&#110&#13&#10&#119&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#109&#105&#103&#104&#116 rush up all the way into our <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/development+of+coprophilous+Psilocybe+cubensis.php" title="Development Of Coprophilous Psilocybe Cubensis" alt="Development Of Coprophilous Psilocybe Cubensis" >Development Of Coprophilous Psilocybe Cubensis</a> hut. Other &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#44 &#102&#101&#101&#108&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#111&#102 &#101&#117&#112&#104&#111&#114&#105&#97 were overwhelming. At times, I was overcome by fits of laughter.<br> That night, I slept like "a &#112&#114&#105&#110&#99&#101 &#34&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#13&#10&#102&#111&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#109&#111&#114&#110&#105&#110&#103 I &#103&#97&#116&#104&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#117&#112 &#109&#121 &#98&#101&#108&#111&#110&#103&#105&#110&#103&#115&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 &#104&#97&#100 to walk back across the pasture where I had collected the &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#97&#121 &#98&#101&#102&#111&#114&#101&#46 I noticed a lot o </p> Most recreational users of Psilocybe cubensis (when grown in vitro) require a dosage of several members of a family eat the mushrooms together: it is not uncommon for a father, mother, children, uncles, and aunts to all participate in these transformations of the mind that elevate consciousness onto a higher plan. The kinship relation is thus the basis of the transcendental subjectivity that Husserl said is intersubjectivity. The mushrooms themselves are eaten in pairs, a couple representing man and woman that symbolizes the dual principle of procreation and creation. Then they sit together in their inner light, dream and realize and converse with each other, presences seated there together, their bodies immaterialized by the blackness, voices from without their communality. In a general sense, for everyone present the purpose of the session is a therapeutic catharsis. The chemicals of transformation of revelation that open the circuits of light, vision, and communication, called by us mind-manifesting, were known to the American Indians as medicines: the means given to men to know and to heal, to see and to say the truth. Among the Mazatecs, many, one time or another during their lives, have eaten the mushrooms, whether to cure themselves of an ailment or to resolve a problem; but it is not everyone who has a predilection for such extreme and arduous experiences of the creative imagination or who would want to repeat such journeys into the strange, unknown depths of the brain very frequently: those who do are the shamans, the masters, whose vocation it is to eat the mushrooms because they are the men of the spirit, the men of language, the men of wisdom. They are individuals recognized by their people to be expert in such psychological adventures, and when the others eat the mushrooms they always call to be with them, as a guide, one of those who is considered to be particularly acquainted with these modalities of the spirit. The medicine man presides over the session, for just as the Mazatec family is paternal and authoritarian, the liberating experience unfolds in the authoritarian context of a situation in which, rather than being allowed to speak or encouraged to express themselves, everyone is enjoined to keep silent and listen while the shaman speaks for each of those who are present. As one of the early Spanish chroniclers of the New World said: "They pay a sorcerer who eats them the mushrooms] and tells them what they have taught him. He does so by means of a rhythmic chant in full voice." The Mazatec Indians, who have a long tradition of using the mushrooms, inhabit a range of mountains called the Sierra Mazateca in the northeastern corner of the Mexican state of Oaxaca. The shamans in this essay are all natives of the town of Huautla de Jimenez. Properly speaking they are Huautecans; but since the language they speak has been called Mazatec and they have been referred to in the previous anthropological literature as Mazatecs, I have retained that name, though strictly speaking, Mazatecs are the inhabitants of the village of Mazatlan in the same mountains. Dosages for Psilocybe australiana Guzmán & Watling, Psilocybe eucalypta Guzmán & &#84&#104&#101 &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#101&#99 &#73&#110&#100&#105&#97&#110&#115&#44 &#119&#104&#111 have <H1>season season magic</H1> a &#108&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#114&#97&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#117&#115&#105&#110&#103 the mushrooms, inhabit a range of mountains called the Sierra Mazateca in &#116&#104&#101 &#110&#111&#114&#116&#104&#101&#97&#115&#116&#101&#114&#110 &#99&#111&#114&#110&#101&#114 &#111&#102 the &#77&#101&#120&#105&#99&#97&#110 &#115&#116&#97&#116&#101 &#111&#102 &#79&#97&#120&#97&#99&#97&#46 The shamans in &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#101&#115&#115&#97&#121 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/oregon+blue+mushroom+psychoactive.php" title="Oregon Blue Mushroom Psychoactive" alt="Oregon Blue Mushroom Psychoactive" >Oregon Blue Mushroom Psychoactive</a> &#97&#114&#101 &#97&#108&#108 natives of the &#116&#111&#119&#110 &#111&#102 &#72&#117&#97&#117&#116&#108&#97 &#100&#101 Jimenez. Properly speaking they are &#72&#117&#97&#117&#116&#101&#99&#97&#110&#115&#59 &#98&#117&#116 &#115&#105&#110&#99&#101 &#116&#104&#101 language they speak has been called Mazatec <H1>season season magic</H1> &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 referred to in the previous anthropological &#108&#105&#116&#101&#114&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101 &#97&#115 &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#101&#99&#115&#44 &#73 have retained that name, though strictly speaking, Mazatecs are &#116&#104&#101 &#105&#110&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#97&#110&#116&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#118&#105&#108&#108&#97&#103&#101 of Mazatlan &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#97&#109&#101 &#109&#111&#117&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#46 </p> </div> <div id="footer"> <div class="left"> <a href="/Forum.html" class="doNotPrint">About</a><br /> <a href="/Gallery.html" class="doNotPrint">Contact</a> </div> <br class="doNotDisplay doNotPrint" /> <div class="right"> copyright © 2006 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magic+shrooms/mycology.php" title="Magic Shrooms Mycology" alt="Magic Shrooms Mycology" >Magic Shrooms Mycology</a><br /> design by <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/myspacescotlandcontacttable.php" title="Myspacescotlandcontacttable" alt="Myspacescotlandcontacttable" >Myspacescotlandcontacttable</a> </div></div> </body>