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the <a href="http://validator.w3.org/check/referer">XHTML</a> and <a href="http://jigsaw.w3.org/css-validator/check/referer">CSS</a> of this page. </span> </div> </div> <div id="main-copy"> <h1 id="introduction">the ways to do shrooms</h1> <p><img border="5" src="/images/Dried-Magic-Mushroom-Shipped.jpg" > , and who gorge themselves on our tax dollars. I met Jochen Gartz shortly after the fall of the Berlin Wall at the third symposium of the European College for the Study of Consciousness (ECSC) in Freiburg, Germany. Our encounter was my first contact with a researcher from the former East Germany. Jochen Gartz's enthusiastic lecture was a truly consciousnessexpanding event, his words breaking down traditional borders and crossing over into new territory. The magic mushrooms spoke through him - with no trace of dogma or ideology - in the tradition of true anarchy that is the hallmark of mushroom magic. What I heard was unbelievable. Jochen spoke of a "new" psychedelic mushroom and its migration. The mycelia had spread in concentric circles outward from Leipzig, jumping all political borders. Finally, when the mycelia reached West German soil, the hated Berlin Wall crumbled. Could there possibly be a connection between the evolution of the magic mushroom and the evolution of our consciousness? Could a mushroom have contributed to the resolution of our political conflicts? In the past, politicians, even popes, had their own jesters and magicians, who functioned as pressure release valves in the machinations of political power struggles. It is obvious that a country whose chancellor is being pelted with eggs, urgently needs a new breed of magician who are able to readjust reality. But today, no aspiring magician should go about this task without this book as a guide for the wondrous journey into the realm of magic mushrooms. Christian Rdtsch Figure 5 - "Anthropomorphic Beings Engaged in Mushroom Dance" 10,000-year-old rock drawing in Tassili, Sahara (Algeria) CHAPTER 1 I BELIEVE THE TIME HAS COME FOR A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF NEW FINDINGS FROM THE FIELDS OF MYCOLOGY, TAXONOMY AND NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY When R.G. Wasson, R. Heim and A. Hofmann began their interdisciplinary research program to study the Mexican species of mushrooms and their usage in Mexican mushroom cults, their efforts culminated in a 1958 landmark report that described the isolation, molecular structure and synthesis of the mushrooms' active ingredients: psilocybin and psilocin. Several years later, these substances were also identified in a species of mushroom in Europe, Psilocybe semilanceata, which became the first in a series of newly discovered species. Since then, psychoactive mushrooms from other genera have been reported with increasing frequency. As part of my analytical work dedicated to the identification of naturally occurring chemicals, I had the good fortune to be part of a research team that studied alkaloids found in a variety of mushroom species. Now I believe the time has come for a comprehensive review of new findings from the fields of mycology, taxonomy and natural products chemistry. Wasson and his successors have already provided detailed accounts pertaining to the history and study of the Me CATTLE AS A POSSIBLE DISPERSAL MECHANISM FOR PSYCHOACTIVE DUNG FUNGI One may ask the question, "how &#100&#105&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#114&#105&#118&#101 in Australia and &#78&#101&#119 &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100&#63&#34 &#87&#101&#108&#108 &#115&#111&#109&#101 species may be endemic,that is, they were already there naturally. Other species such as the above described dung-inhabiting mushrooms most likelyappeared &#97&#102&#116&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#101 &#105&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 cattle &#111&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116&#46&#84&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 livestock to arrive in Australia were brought from the Cape &#111&#102 &#71&#111&#111&#100 &#72&#111&#112&#101 &#105&#110&#49&#55&#56&#56&#44 and included 2 bulls and 5 cows, along with other domesticated farm animals. &#66&#121&#108&#56&#48&#51&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#103&#111&#118&#101&#114&#110&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#111&#119&#110&#101&#100 approximately &#49&#56&#48&#48 &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101&#44 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#111&#102 which were importedfrom the Cape, Calcutta, &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#101&#115&#116 &#99&#111&#97&#115&#116 of America. It was &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#112&#101&#114&#105&#111&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#115&#111&#109&#101 of the visionary &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#109&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#105&#115 field &#103&#117&#105&#100&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#98&#97&#98&#108&#121 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 inAustralia (Unsigned, 1973). According to Australian &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116 &#74&#111&#104&#110 &#66&#117&#114&#116&#111&#110 &#67&#108&#101&#108&#97&#110&#100&#40&#49&#57&#51&#52&#41&#44 "fungi growing in &#99&#111&#119 &#111&#114 &#104&#111&#114&#115&#101&#45&#100&#117&#110&#103 &#97&#110&#100 confined to such habitats, must in thecase &#111&#102 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#44 &#97&#108&#108 &#98&#101&#108&#111&#110&#103 to introduced species".<br> &#73&#116 &#105&#115 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#104&#97&#118&#101 been &#116&#104&#101 &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104&#65&#102&#114&#105&#99&#97&#110 &#100&#117&#110&#103 &#98&#101&#101&#116&#108&#101 which may have actually spread the spores. &#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#105&#115&#104&#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116 &#82&#111&#121 Watling &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#82&#111&#121&#97&#108 &#66&#111&#116&#97&#110&#105&#99 &#71&#97&#114&#100&#101&#110&#115 in Glasgow, Scotland, "it &#109&#117&#115&#116 &#98&#101&#114&#101&#109&#101&#109&#98&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 can change substrate preferences &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#112&#114&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#111&#117&#115&#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 &#111&#110 kangaroo droppings etc." Some mycologists who have studied &#116&#104&#101 &#34&#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#34 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 NZ claim that the "use of P. cubensis &#97&#115 &#97 &#114&#101&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#100&#114&#117&#103&#116&#101&#110&#100&#115 to confirm &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#102 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#91&#115&#111&#109&#101&#93 farmers &#105&#110 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 &#91&#109&#97&#121 have] added &#111&#110&#101 &#111&#114 &#116&#119&#111 &#98&#97&#115&#105&#100&#105&#111&#109&#101&#115 gilled mushrooms] to a &#109&#101&#97&#108&#116&#111 &#108&#105&#118&#101&#110 &#105&#116 &#117&#112 and still do] Margot & Watling, 1981)." CATTLE AS A POSSIBLE <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/Cow+Manure+Shrooms/hallucinogenic+pluteus.php" title="Cow Manure Shrooms Hallucinogenic Pluteus" alt="Cow Manure Shrooms Hallucinogenic Pluteus" >Cow Manure Shrooms Hallucinogenic Pluteus</a> &#68&#73&#83&#80&#69&#82&#83&#65&#76 &#77&#69&#67&#72&#65&#78&#73&#83&#77 &#70&#79&#82 &#80&#83&#89&#67&#72&#79&#65&#67&#84&#73&#86&#69 DUNG &#70&#85&#78&#71&#73&#13&#10&#79&#110&#101 &#109&#97&#121 &#97&#115&#107 &#116&#104&#101 question, "how did &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#114&#105&#118&#101 &#105&#110 Australia &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#101&#119 &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100&#63&#34 &#87&#101&#108&#108 some species &#109&#97&#121 &#98&#101 &#101&#110&#100&#101&#109&#105&#99&#44&#116&#104&#97&#116 &#105&#115&#44 they were already there naturally. Other species such &#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#97&#98&#111&#118&#101 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101&#100 dung-inhabiting mushrooms &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121&#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#97&#102&#116&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#101 introduction of cattle on &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116&#46&#84&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#108&#105&#118&#101&#115&#116&#111&#99&#107 to arrive in Australia were brought from the Cape of Good Hope in1788, and included 2 &#98&#117&#108&#108&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#53 &#99&#111&#119&#115&#44 along with other &#100&#111&#109&#101&#115&#116&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#102&#97&#114&#109 &#97&#110&#105&#109&#97&#108&#115&#46 &#66&#121&#108&#56&#48&#51&#44 &#116&#104&#101 government owned approximately &#49&#56&#48&#48 &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101&#44 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#111&#102 which &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#105&#109&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100&#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#67&#97&#112&#101&#44 Calcutta, and &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#101&#115&#116 &#99&#111&#97&#115&#116 &#111&#102 &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97&#46 It was during this period thatsome of the visionary &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#109&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#105&#115 field guide probably first appeared inAustralia (Unsigned, 1973). According to Australian mycologist &#74&#111&#104&#110 &#66&#117&#114&#116&#111&#110 &#67&#108&#101&#108&#97&#110&#100&#40&#49&#57&#51&#52&#41&#44 &#34&#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 growing in &#99&#111&#119 &#111&#114 &#104&#111&#114&#115&#101&#45&#100&#117&#110&#103 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#110&#101&#100 to such habitats, must in thecase &#111&#102 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#44 &#97&#108&#108 &#98&#101&#108&#111&#110&#103 to &#105&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#101&#100 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#34&#46 &#73&#116 &#105&#115 believed to have been the SouthAfrican &#100&#117&#110&#103 &#98&#101&#101&#116&#108&#101 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#109&#97&#121 have actually spread the &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115&#46 &#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#105&#115&#104&#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116 Roy Watling &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#82&#111&#121&#97&#108 &#66&#111&#116&#97&#110&#105&#99 &#71&#97&#114&#100&#101&#110&#115 in &#71&#108&#97&#115&#103&#111&#119&#44 &#83&#99&#111&#116&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#34&#105&#116 &#109&#117&#115&#116 beremembered that fungi can change substrate preferences and there are &#99&#111&#112&#114&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#111&#117&#115&#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 &#111&#110 &#107&#97&#110&#103&#97&#114&#111&#111 &#100&#114&#111&#112&#112&#105&#110&#103&#115 etc." Some mycologists who have studied &#116&#104&#101 &#34&#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#34 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 and NZ claim that &#116&#104&#101 &#34&#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#80&#46 cubensis as a recreational drugtends to confirm the belief that some] farmers in early times may &#104&#97&#118&#101&#93 &#97&#100&#100&#101&#100 &#111&#110&#101 &#111&#114 two basidiomes &#103&#105&#108&#108&#101&#100 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#93 &#116&#111 &#97 mealto liven it &#117&#112 &#97&#110&#100 &#115&#116&#105&#108&#108 &#100&#111&#93 Margot &#38&#97&#109&#112&#59 &#87&#97&#116&#108&#105&#110&#103&#44 &#49&#57&#56&#49&#41&#46&#34&#13&#10&#13&#10&#67&#65&#84&#84&#76&#69 &#65&#83 A POSSIBLE DISPERSAL MECHANISM FOR PSYCHOACTIVE DUNG FUNGI One may ask the question, "how did &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#114&#105&#118&#101 &#105&#110 Australia and New Zealand?" Well some species may be endemic,that is, they were already there naturally. Other species such <H1>nz mushrooms photos</H1> as the above described dung-inhabiting mushrooms most likelyappeared after the introduction of cattle on the subcontinent.The first livestock to arrive in Australia were brought from the Cape of Good Hope in1788, and &#105&#110&#99&#108&#117&#100&#101&#100 &#50 &#98&#117&#108&#108&#115 &#97&#110&#100 5 &#99&#111&#119&#115&#44 &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 domesticated farm animals. Byl803, the &#103&#111&#118&#101&#114&#110&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#111&#119&#110&#101&#100 &#97&#112&#112&#114&#111&#120&#105&#109&#97&#116&#101&#108&#121 &#49&#56&#48&#48 &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101&#44 &#109&#111&#115&#116 of which were importedfrom the Cape, Calcutta, and the west coast of &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97&#46 &#73&#116 &#119&#97&#115 &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 this period thatsome of the visionary mushrooms mentioned in this field guide &#112&#114&#111&#98&#97&#98&#108&#121 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 (Unsigned, 1973). According to &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116 &#74&#111&#104&#110 &#66&#117&#114&#116&#111&#110 &#67&#108&#101&#108&#97&#110&#100&#40&#49&#57&#51&#52&#41&#44 "fungi growing in &#99&#111&#119 &#111&#114 &#104&#111&#114&#115&#101&#45&#100&#117&#110&#103 &#97&#110&#100 confined to such habitats, must in &#116&#104&#101&#99&#97&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#44 &#97&#108&#108 belong to introduced species". It &#105&#115 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#104&#97&#118&#101 been the SouthAfrican dung beetle which may &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#97&#99&#116&#117&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100 &#116&#104&#101 spores. According to &#69&#110&#103&#108&#105&#115&#104&#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116 &#82&#111&#121 &#87&#97&#116&#108&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#102 the Royal Botanic Gardens in Glasgow, Scotland, "it must beremembered that fungi can change substrate preferences &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#112&#114&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#111&#117&#115&#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 on kangaroo droppings etc." Some mycologists who have studied &#116&#104&#101 &#34&#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#34 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 NZ claim that the &#34&#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#80&#46 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 as a recreational drugtends to confirm the belief that &#91&#115&#111&#109&#101 &#102&#97&#114&#109&#101&#114&#115 &#105&#110 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 may have added one or two basidiomes gilled mushrooms to a mealto &#108&#105&#118&#101&#110 &#105&#116 &#117&#112 &#91&#97&#110&#100 still &#100&#111 &#77&#97&#114&#103&#111&#116 &#38&#97&#109&#112&#59 &#87&#97&#116&#108&#105&#110&#103&#44 1981)." CATTLE AS A POSSIBLE DISPERSAL MECHANISM &#70&#79&#82 &#80&#83&#89&#67&#72&#79&#65&#67&#84&#73&#86&#69 &#68&#85&#78&#71 &#70&#85&#78&#71&#73&#13&#10&#79&#110&#101 may &#97&#115&#107 &#116&#104&#101 &#113&#117&#101&#115&#116&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#34&#104&#111&#119 did these mushrooms arrive in Australia &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#101&#119 &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100&#63&#34 &#87&#101&#108&#108 some species may &#98&#101 &#101&#110&#100&#101&#109&#105&#99&#44&#116&#104&#97&#116 &#105&#115&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#121 were already there naturally. &#79&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#97&#115 the above described dung-inhabiting mushrooms most &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121&#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#97&#102&#116&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#101 &#105&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 of cattle on &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116&#46&#84&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#108&#105&#118&#101&#115&#116&#111&#99&#107 to arrive &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#116 from the Cape of Good Hope in1788, and included 2 bulls and 5 cows, &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#100&#111&#109&#101&#115&#116&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#102&#97&#114&#109 animals. &#66&#121&#108&#56&#48&#51&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#103&#111&#118&#101&#114&#110&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#111&#119&#110&#101&#100 approximately 1800 cattle, most of which &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#105&#109&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100&#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#67&#97&#112&#101&#44 Calcutta, and the west coast of America. It was during this period thatsome of the &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#97&#114&#121 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#109&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110&#101&#100 &#105&#110 this field guide probably &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#40&#85&#110&#115&#105&#103&#110&#101&#100&#44 1973). According to &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116 &#74&#111&#104&#110 &#66&#117&#114&#116&#111&#110 Cleland(1934), "fungi growing in cow or &#104&#111&#114&#115&#101&#45&#100&#117&#110&#103 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#116&#111 such habitats, must in thecase of &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#44 &#97&#108&#108 &#98&#101&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#111 introduced species". It is believed <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/Cow+Manure+Shrooms/hallucinogenic+pluteus.php" title="Cow Manure Shrooms Hallucinogenic Pluteus" alt="Cow Manure Shrooms Hallucinogenic Pluteus" >Cow Manure Shrooms Hallucinogenic Pluteus</a> to have &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104&#65&#102&#114&#105&#99&#97&#110 &#100&#117&#110&#103 beetle which may have actually spread the spores. According &#116&#111 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#105&#115&#104&#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116 &#82&#111&#121 &#87&#97&#116&#108&#105&#110&#103 of &#116&#104&#101 &#82&#111&#121&#97&#108 &#66&#111&#116&#97&#110&#105&#99 &#71&#97&#114&#100&#101&#110&#115 &#105&#110 Glasgow, &#83&#99&#111&#116&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#34&#105&#116 &#109&#117&#115&#116 &#98&#101&#114&#101&#109&#101&#109&#98&#101&#114&#101&#100 that fungi can change substrate preferences &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#112&#114&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#111&#117&#115&#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 on kangaroo droppings etc." Some mycologists who have studied the "magicmushrooms" &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#90 claim that the &#34&#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#80&#46 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 as a recreational drugtends to confirm the &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#102 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#102&#97&#114&#109&#101&#114&#115 in early times &#109&#97&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#97&#100&#100&#101&#100 &#111&#110&#101 or two basidiomes gilled mushrooms to a mealto liven it &#117&#112 &#97&#110&#100 &#115&#116&#105&#108&#108 &#100&#111 Margot & &#87&#97&#116&#108&#105&#110&#103&#44 &#49&#57&#56&#49&#41&#46&#34&#13&#10 <p align="right"> The majority of adverse physical effects or negative psychological reactions produced &#98&#121 &#34&#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#34 &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#108&#108&#121 result from inappropriate set and expectation, or &#98&#101&#99&#97&#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#105&#109&#112&#114&#111&#112&#101&#114 &#100&#111&#115&#97&#103&#101&#44 which may vary considerably &#97&#109&#111&#110&#103 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#117&#109&#101&#114&#115&#44 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 species, &#111&#114 &#101&#118&#101&#110 &#119&#105&#116&#104&#105&#110 &#97&#110 individual &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#113&#117&#101&#115&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 dosage is often confused by &#116&#104&#101 &#118&#97&#114&#105&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 source of &#116&#104&#101 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 which &#105&#115 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#117&#109&#101&#100&#46 &#70&#111&#114 &#101&#120&#97&#109&#112&#108&#101&#44 Psilocybe cubensis, when picked and eaten &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#105&#116&#115 &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108 &#100&#117&#110&#103 (manure) &#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#97&#116&#44 &#112&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#101&#115 &#97 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/buy+magic+mushroom/wild+mushroom+identification.php" title="Buy Magic Mushroom Wild Mushroom Identification" alt="Buy Magic Mushroom Wild Mushroom Identification" >Buy Magic Mushroom Wild Mushroom Identification</a> &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#108&#121 mild mindaltering experience, which is evident from the large amounts of fresh specimens needed to achieve &#97 &#116&#104&#114&#101&#115&#104&#111&#108&#100 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#46 &#72&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114 when grown in vitro &#40&#105&#110&#100&#111&#111&#114 &#108&#97&#98&#111&#114&#97&#116&#111&#114&#121 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#105&#118&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#97&#110&#100&#47&#111&#114 illicit cultivation), Psilocybe &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#97&#112&#112&#97&#114&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121 &#99&#97&#110 &#112&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#101 a more potent strain &#99&#97&#112&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#111&#102 &#105&#110&#100&#117&#99&#105&#110&#103 &#97 very &#105&#110&#116&#101&#110&#115&#101 &#118&#105&#115&#117&#97&#108&#44 &#115&#111&#109&#101&#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 &#113&#117&#105&#116&#101 disturbing, experience. This &#100&#111&#115&#97&#103&#101 &#97&#115&#115&#117&#109&#101&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 consumption of 1 &#116&#111 &#51 &#103&#109 &#111&#102 dried material would be too low if the mushroom specimen came from &#97 &#119&#105&#108&#100 &#115&#111&#117&#114&#99&#101&#46 &#84&#104&#105&#115 low potency for Psilocybe cubensis has been confirmed by research scientists Margot & &#87&#97&#116&#108&#105&#110&#103&#44 &#40&#49&#57&#56&#49&#41&#44 &#119&#104&#111 &#119&#101&#114&#101 surprised by &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#97&#114&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#108&#121 &#115&#109&#97&#108&#108 &#97&#109&#111&#117&#110&#116&#115 of psilocybin &#97&#110&#100 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#105&#110 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#116&#104&#101&#121 extracted from wild specimens collected from five different locations in Australia. This suggests that &#97 &#109&#117&#99&#104 &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101&#114 &#100&#111&#115&#101 would be required to produce significant hallucinations. It is &#112&#111&#115&#115&#105&#98&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97&#108&#115 most likely degenerated between the time that &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#104&#97&#114&#118&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100 &#97&#110&#100 the &#116&#105&#109&#101 &#111&#102 &#97&#110&#97&#108&#121&#115&#105&#115&#46 &#72&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 it should be noted that a strain of Psilocybe cubensis &#112&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#105&#110&#103 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116 &#102&#108&#117&#115&#104&#101&#115 &#40&#104&#97&#114&#118&#101&#115&#116&#115&#41 will &#118&#97&#114&#121 &#115&#111&#109&#101&#119&#104&#97&#116 &#105&#110 &#112&#111&#116&#101&#110&#99&#121 between flushes. </p> <p align="left"> and familiarity with psychotropic mushrooms in Europe &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#105&#115 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121 derived from &#117&#115&#97&#103&#101 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#101&#100 species, rather &#116&#104&#97&#110&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#65&#109&#97&#110&#105&#116&#97 &#109&#117&#115&#99&#97&#114&#105&#97&#46 However, it is extremely difficult to reject or confirm this hypothesis, due to the lack of conclusive &#100&#97&#116&#97&#13&#10&#97&#118&#97&#105&#108&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#102&#111&#114 &#97&#110&#97&#108&#121&#115&#105&#115 &#116&#111&#100&#97&#121&#46&#13&#10&#66&#119&#121&#100 Ellylon: &#65 &#70&#101&#97&#115&#116 &#111&#102 &#70&#97&#105&#114&#105&#101&#115 in Celebration of the Spirit World Tales of &#114&#105&#116&#117&#97&#108&#105&#115&#116&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#117&#115&#97&#103&#101 &#104&#97&#118&#101&#13&#10&#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 their way &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#114&#101&#97&#108&#109 &#111&#102 myths &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#108&#101&#103&#101&#110&#100&#115&#46 &#70&#111&#114 &#105&#110&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101&#44 &#111&#110&#101 legend describes a peculiar poisonous mushroom in Wales (British Isles) &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#114&#97&#110&#103&#101 &#110&#97&#109&#101 of Bwyd Ellylon, which was &#99&#111&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#97 &#100&#101&#108&#105&#99&#97&#99&#121 &#98&#121 &#102&#97&#105&#114&#105&#101&#115 feasting in celebration of the <H3>in germany in</H3> spirit &#119&#111&#114&#108&#100&#46 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#105&#115 &#116&#104&#101 most important psilocybincontaining mushroom in Europe and it thrives in parts of Great Britain, where the mushroom grows abundantly all across the Welsh countryside during fall season. I would &#108&#105&#107&#101 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#97&#110&#107 &#71&#46 Samorini for pointing out that the &#73&#110&#113&#117&#105&#115&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#119&#97&#115 &#117&#110&#117&#115&#117&#97&#108&#108&#121&#13&#10&#99&#114&#117&#101&#108 &#97&#110&#100 vicious in the Alpine valleys of Valcamonica, Valtrompia and Valtellina (located in the &#112&#114&#111&#118&#105&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#66&#114&#101&#115&#99&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 Sandrio &#105&#110&#13&#10&#78&#111&#114&#116&#104&#101&#114&#110 &#73&#116&#97&#108&#121&#41&#46 &#77&#97&#110&#121 &#98&#111&#111&#107&#115 chronicle countless witch &#98&#117&#114&#110&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#114&#101&#103&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 particular emphasis &#111&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#105&#116&#99&#104&#101&#115&#39 &#109&#101&#101&#116&#105&#110&#103&#115 at the "Monte del Tonale", located &#97&#116 &#97&#110 &#97&#108&#116&#105&#116&#117&#100&#101 &#111&#102 2000 m (ca. 6,000 ft). &#70&#105&#101&#108&#100 &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104 &#104&#97&#115 &#115&#104&#111&#119&#110 that <i>in germany in</i> plants of the nightshade &#102&#97&#109&#105&#108&#121 &#40&#34&#119&#105&#116&#99&#104&#105&#110&#103 &#104&#101&#114&#98&#115&#34&#41 &#100&#111 &#110&#111&#116&#13&#10&#103&#114&#111&#119 at this altitude; even the fly agaric mushroom is rarely found there. By &#99&#111&#110&#116&#114&#97&#115&#116&#44 &#112&#97&#115&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101&#97 abound with &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#102&#97&#108&#108&#46 Given this historical context, it would seem likely that Psilocybe semilanceata &#112&#108&#97&#121&#101&#100 &#97&#110 &#105&#109&#112&#111&#114&#116&#97&#110&#116 &#114&#111&#108&#101 as a psychotropic agent <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/rhizomorphs+P+Cubensis.php" title="Cubensis Articles Cubensis Articles P" alt="Cubensis Articles Cubensis Articles P" >Cubensis Articles Cubensis Articles P</a> in the region (see Figure 58, Chapter &#55&#46&#52&#41&#46&#13&#10&#73&#110 &#108&#105&#103&#104&#116 &#111&#102 &#109&#101&#100&#105&#101&#118&#97&#108 &#97&#99&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#115 describing the practice of witchcraft, it is interesting to note that a subjective sensation of flying or levitation is among the commonly reported effects of psilocybin intoxication. Berserk &#82&#97&#103&#101 &#111&#102 &#78&#111&#114&#100&#105&#99 &#87&#97&#114&#114&#105&#111&#114&#115&#13&#10&#73&#110 the course &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#105&#100&#101&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#112&#111&#119&#101&#114&#13&#10&#115&#116&#114&#117&#103&#103&#108&#101 between &#67&#104&#114&#105&#115&#116&#105&#97&#110&#105&#116&#121 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#114&#101&#109&#110&#97&#110&#116&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#112&#97&#103&#97&#110 religions &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#119&#111&#114&#115&#104&#105&#112&#112&#101&#100 &#78&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101&#44 &#109&#97&#110&#121&#13&#10&#115&#111&#117&#114&#99&#101&#115 &#111&#102 knowledge were lost. The aggressive repression and eradication of &#112&#114&#101&#45&#67&#104&#114&#105&#115&#116&#105&#97&#110&#13&#10&#99&#117&#115&#116&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#108&#108 &#98&#117&#116 &#100&#101&#115&#116&#114&#111&#121&#101&#100 the continuity of Europe's original cultural &#104&#101&#114&#105&#116&#97&#103&#101&#44 &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#119&#105&#116&#104&#13&#10&#109&#117&#99&#104 &#104&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#105&#99 evidence documenting &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108&#13&#10&#112&#114&#97&#99&#116&#105&#99&#101&#115&#44 &#105&#110&#99&#108&#117&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 usage of plants and mushrooms for the &#112&#117&#114&#112&#111&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#101&#109&#112&#111&#114&#97&#114&#121&#13&#10&#97&#108&#116&#101&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#102 consciousness. Some authors went so far as to blame the fly agaric mushroom for proverbial fits of &#34&#98&#101&#114&#115&#101&#114&#107&#13&#10&#114&#97&#103&#101&#34 &#97&#116&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#78&#111&#114&#100&#105&#99 warriors. Many accounts detailing this phenomenon allude to a "deception of the eyes" (i.e. visual hallucinations). After the Nordic legal system banished the &#112&#114&#97&#99&#116&#105&#99&#101 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#34&#103&#111&#105&#110&#103 &#98&#101&#114&#115&#101&#114&#107&#34&#44 &#105&#116 disappeared quite suddenly during the &#49&#50&#116&#104 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#117&#114&#121&#46 &#65&#116 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 the same time, Saxo &#71&#114&#97&#109&#109&#97&#116&#105&#99&#117&#115 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#117&#108&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 Berserkers may have &#117&#115&#101&#100 &#109&#97&#103 </p> <p align="left"> Those SHROOMS SHROOMS magic outside growing growing who ingest <b>magic outside growing growing</b> Copelandia cyanescens, known <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/How+to+Identify+Shrooms/nz+childrens+play+areas+and+poisonous+mushrooms/" title="To And Mushrooms Childrens Shrooms Childrens Shrooms Identify Identify Identify Identify" alt="To And Mushrooms Childrens Shrooms Childrens Shrooms Identify Identify Identify Identify" >To And Mushrooms Childrens Shrooms Childrens Shrooms Identify Identify Identify Identify</a> &#105&#110 </p> <div align="left"> There are more than 1 dozen species &#111&#102 &#34&#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#34 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 and New &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100&#46 &#70&#111&#117&#114 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 species are dung &#40&#109&#97&#110&#117&#114&#101&#41 &#105&#110&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#121 include Psilocybe cubensis and/or Psilocybe subcubensis (known locally as "gold caps" &#97&#110&#100&#47&#111&#114 &#34&#103&#111&#108&#100 &#116&#111&#112&#115&#34&#41&#44 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#97&#101&#114&#117&#103&#105&#110&#111&#115&#97&#44 and &#67&#111&#112&#101&#108&#97&#110&#100&#105&#97 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#40&#116&#104&#101 &#108&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114 is known locally as &#34&#98&#108&#117&#101 &#109&#101&#97&#110&#105&#101&#115&#34&#41&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#102&#111&#117&#114 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 contain the mind altering alkaloids psilocybine and psilocine and are the most common hallucinogenic mushrooms in Australia. &#73&#110 &#78&#101&#119 &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#111&#115&#116 commonly used species are Copelandia cyanescens and &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114 species is recognized throughout &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#111&#114&#108&#100 &#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101 "liberty cap"). This <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/stuffed+mushroom/type+of+magic+mushroom.php" title="Type Magic Mushroom Of Type Type" alt="Type Magic Mushroom Of Type Type" >Type Magic Mushroom Of Type Type</a> species only &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114&#115 &#105&#110 &#109&#97&#110&#117&#114&#101&#100 &#115&#111&#105&#108 &#97&#110&#100 does not grow directly from the dung of cattle, sheep or other four legged farm animals.<br> &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#111&#115&#116 popular of <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/shroomsdrawingofdeathtrees.php" title="Shroomsdrawingofdeathtrees" alt="Shroomsdrawingofdeathtrees" >Shroomsdrawingofdeathtrees</a> &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 &#105&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108 known throughout much of the world; however, this species is not known to &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114 &#105&#110 &#78&#101&#119 &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100&#46 Other species described &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#103&#117&#105&#100&#101 &#97&#114&#101 known to occur in manured soil, &#105&#110 &#112&#97&#115&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115&#44 &#109&#101&#97&#100&#111&#119&#115&#44 &#103&#114&#97&#122&#105&#110&#103 lands, some lawns and in the bark mulch &#97&#110&#100 &#119&#111&#111&#100&#99&#104&#105&#112&#115 &#111&#102 &#100&#101&#99&#105&#100&#117&#111&#117&#115 woods. </div> The majority of adverse physical effects or negative psychological reactions produced by "magic mushrooms" generally result from inappropriate set and expectation, or because of improper dosage, which may vary considerably among consumers, different mushroom species, or even within an individual species. The question of dosage is often confused by the variation in the source of the hallucinogenic mushroom species which is consumed. For example, Psilocybe cubensis, when picked and eaten from its natural dung (manure) habitat, produces a relatively mild mindaltering experience, which is evident from the large amounts of fresh specimens needed to achieve a threshold experience. However when grown in vitro (indoor laboratory cultivation and/or illicit cultivation), Psilocybe cubensis apparently can produce a more potent strain capable of inducing a very intense visual, sometimes quite disturbing, experience. This dosage assumes that the consumption of 1 to 3 gm of dried material would be too low if the mushroom specimen came from a wild source. This low potency for Psilocybe cubensis has been confirmed by research scientists Margot & Watling, (1981), who were surprised by the comparatively small amounts of psilocybin and psilocin which they extracted from wild specimens collected from five different locations in Australia. This suggests that a much larger dose would be required to produce significant hallucinations. It is possible that the chemicals most likely degenerated between the time that they were harvested and the time of analysis. However, it should be noted that a strain of Psilocybe cubensis producing different flushes (harvests) will vary somewhat in potency between flushes. a have been reported from the following countries: Finland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, The Netherlands, Belgium, France, Russia, Poland, the former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Scotland, England, Wales, Italy and Spain. Unfortunately, there are no comprehensive maps detailing the species's distribution pattern. Traditionally, mycologists have often neglected relatively tiny species, such as Psilocybe semilanceata, that tend to share their habitats with other, more prominent species. The sarcastic phrase "The mushrooms occur in abundance wherever mycologists abound" is particularly pertinent in reference to the Psilocybe species. Prior to the discovery of psilocybin, the Psilocybe genus languished in the literature, shrouded in obscurity. To this day, few 189. Psilocybe semilanceata Fr. Worthless] The cap is uniformly conic to bell-shaped, with a pointy or obtuse center forming an almost wart-like protrusion; initially, caps are often taller than they are wide, margins are bent and curved inward; later on, width of cap is 1.5-4 cm. Hygrophanous; coloration is a dirtyish olive-brown when wet, with translucent striate margins; at the center, coloration is ocher or greenish-yellow against an overall shade of smudgy pale yellow and oftentimes some greenish stains; only the margins are banded by a darkcolored, watery stripe around the edge. No stripes or banding evident when mushrooms are completely dried. Lacking a veil, caps are thin-fleshed, bald, with an easily separable pellicle that remains gelatinous-sticky for a long time, turning shiny when dry. Gills are olive brown to blackish purple brown in color, with the edges often remaining white, gill spacing is quite crowded; gill attachment is either roughly linear or mostly adnexed; up to 3.5 mm wide; attached at the stem only, fully detached later on. Spores are elongated to ellipitical in shape, smooth and large, measuring 12-16 u by 6-8,u. Color of spore dust is blackish purple brown. Stem is very slender, almost uniformly thin and always twisted, 6-12 cm long and 1.25-2 mm thick, yellowish or whitish in color; areas subjected to pressure develop bluishgreen stains. Stems are silky smooth and roughly at the center, cortinate fibrils appear like remnants of a veil, which is brittle and lined with a white fibrous cord of wool-like texture. When dry, the flesh of the cap is colored pale yellow, while the stem's flesh is ocher brown in color, especially towards the bottom. It is odorless and its flavor is mild. The mushroom grows from August to October, frequently in gregarious clusters, and can be found in pastures and along roadways, growing on dung that has undergone complete decomposition. It is not a particularly rare species. Figure 11(above) This excellent description of Psilocybe semilanceata by Michael & Schulz (1927) is shown here as originally published in German, with an English translation. Mycologists sp <p align="left"> &#13&#10&#74&#79&#67&#72&#69&#78 &#71&#65&#82&#84&#90&#13&#10&#77&#65&#71&#73&#67 &#77&#85&#83&#72&#82&#79&#79&#77&#83&#13&#10&#65&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 World A Scientific &#74&#111&#117&#114&#110&#101&#121 &#65&#99&#114&#111&#115&#115 &#67&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#84&#105&#109&#101&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 Case for Challenging Research and Value &#83&#121&#115&#116&#101&#109&#115&#13&#10&#42 &#76&#73&#83 &#80&#85&#66&#76&#73&#67&#65&#84&#73&#79&#78&#83 &#42 LOS ANGELES, CA* Figure 1 - Water Color &#80&#97&#105&#110&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#13&#10&#40&#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#44 1927) TABLE OF CONTENT (With Active Links' Just Click On A Subject To Go &#84&#111 &#84&#104&#101 &#80&#97&#103&#101&#41&#13&#10&#34&#87&#104&#111 &#87&#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101 First Magician?" &#45 &#70&#111&#114&#101&#119&#111&#114&#100 &#98&#121 &#67&#104&#114&#105&#115&#116&#105&#97&#110 Ratsch 7 1. Introduction 9 2. Reflections on the History and &#83&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99 &#83&#116&#117&#100&#121 &#111&#102 &#77&#97&#103&#105&#99 Mushrooms 10 3. &#84&#104&#101 &#67&#117&#114&#114&#101&#110&#116 &#83&#116&#97&#116&#101 &#111&#102 Knowledge &#65&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 &#83&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#49&#52&#13&#10&#51&#46&#49 Psilocybe semilanceata: The Classic Species Among European Psychotropic Mushrooms 16 3.2 Psilocybe cyanescens: Potent Mushrooms Growing on Wood Debris 29 3.<br>3 Panaeolus subbalteatus: &#77&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#121 &#97&#110&#100 &#77&#121&#116&#104&#115 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#101 Panaeolus Species <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magic+mushroom+growing+guide/magic+mushroom+picture.php" title="Growing Magic Mushroom Guide Mushroom Growing Picture" alt="Growing Magic Mushroom Guide Mushroom Growing Picture" >Growing Magic Mushroom Guide Mushroom Growing Picture</a> &#51&#55&#13&#10&#51&#46&#52 &#73&#110&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#97&#101&#114&#117&#103&#105&#110&#97&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115&#58 &#70&#97&#115&#116&#45&#83&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100&#105&#110&#103 New Arrivals 44 3.5 &#71&#121&#109&#110&#111&#112&#105&#108&#117&#115 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#117&#114&#97&#116&#117&#115&#58 &#77&#97&#103&#110&#105&#102&#105&#99&#101&#110&#116 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 from South America 51 3.<br>6 Conocybe cyanopus: Tiny Mushrooms of Remarkable Potency 55 3.<br>7 Pluteus salicinus: A Little-known Wood-Inhabiting Species 58 4. Mushroom &#73&#100&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#58 &#84&#97&#120&#111&#110&#111&#109&#105&#99 &#67&#111&#110&#102&#117&#115&#105&#111&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 Potential &#102&#111&#114 &#68&#101&#97&#100&#108&#121 &#77&#105&#115&#116&#97&#107&#101&#115 &#54&#49&#13&#10&#53&#46 The Bluing Phenomenon and Metol Testing: &#82&#101&#97&#108&#105&#116&#121 &#118&#115&#46 &#87&#105&#115&#104&#102&#117&#108 &#84&#104&#105&#110&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#54&#51&#13&#10&#54&#46 Mushroom Cultivation: &#67&#108&#97&#115&#115&#105&#99 &#70&#105&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#101&#119 Techniques 66 7.<br> Psychotropic Mushroom Species Around the World 77 7.1 Spotlight on North America and Hawaii 79 7.2 Mycophilia in Central and South America 82 7.<br>3 Australia's &#77&#121&#99&#111&#102&#108&#111&#114&#97 &#65&#116&#116&#114&#97&#99&#116&#115 &#65&#116&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#56&#52&#13&#10&#55&#46&#52 European Customs &#97&#110&#100 &#67&#111&#110&#118&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#56&#55&#13&#10&#55&#46&#53 &#74&#97&#112&#97&#110&#101&#115&#101 Experimentation 93 7.6 Intoxications and the Oldest Known &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#67&#117&#108&#116 &#105&#110 &#65&#102&#114&#105&#99&#97 95 7.7 Usage in Southeast Asia and the South Pacific Islands &#57&#56&#13&#10&#56&#46 &#83&#111&#109&#101 &#67&#111&#109&#109&#101&#110&#116&#115 &#111&#110 Effects &#111&#102 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 Category Phantastika 102 9. Psychotherapy &#49&#48&#56&#13&#10&#49&#48&#46 &#79&#117&#116&#108&#111&#111&#107 &#49&#49&#52&#13&#10&#49&#49&#46 &#66&#105&#98&#108&#105&#111&#103&#114&#97&#112&#104&#121 120 Index 129 Figure 2 - Psilocybe cubensis from Australia Figure &#51 &#45 &#87&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114 painting of Panaeolus subbalteatus (Germany, 1927). Figure 4 - Fresh Panaeolus subbalteatus mushrooms. FOREWORD Nobody knows precisely &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 emerged from the shadows of prehistory to enter the light &#111&#102 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#46&#13&#10&#78&#111&#98&#111&#100&#121 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#115 &#119&#104&#101&#110 the first magic mushroom was eaten by a human being. Nobody &#107&#110&#111&#119&#115&#13&#10&#106&#117&#115&#116 &#119&#104&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 magic mushroom eater was. In seeking answers to these questions, we can only speculate. &#77&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#111&#98&#101&#115&#44 &#104&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 &#97&#114&#101 &#113&#117&#105&#99&#107 to voice &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#99&#111&#110&#118&#105&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#111&#110&#108&#121 a fool would be reckless &#101&#110&#111&#117&#103&#104 &#116&#111 &#119&#97&#110&#116 &#116&#111 attain a higher state of consciousness beyond the boundaries of everyday &#114&#101&#97&#108&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#65&#110&#100 &#111&#110&#108&#121 &#97 fool would attempt to do this &#98&#121 &#105&#110&#103&#101&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#111&#100&#100 &#108&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101 things that mysteriously thrive &#111&#110 &#100&#101&#99&#97&#121&#105&#110&#103&#44 &#104&#117&#109&#105&#100 &#115&#111&#105&#108&#44&#13&#10&#114&#111&#116&#116&#101&#110 wood and malodorous mounds &#111&#102 &#99&#111&#119&#13&#10&#109&#97&#110&#117&#114&#101&#46&#13&#10&#72&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#105&#99&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#44 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 have been feared and &#104&#97&#116&#101&#100&#96 &#115&#105&#110&#99&#101 &#97&#110&#116&#105&#113&#117&#105&#116&#121&#58 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 were thought to be made from poisons that had dripped &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#115&#101&#114&#112&#101&#110&#116&#115&#39 &#102&#97&#110&#103&#115&#59&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101&#121 &#119&#101&#114&#101 considered to be <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/golden+cap+shrooms.php" title="Golden Cap Shrooms" alt="Golden Cap Shrooms" >Golden Cap Shrooms</a> unclean emissions of evil spirits; &#109&#111&#114&#101&#111&#118&#101&#114&#44 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#97 kn </p> <u>truezoom=off_iceUrlFlag=7?_IceUrl=true</u> The first <b>truezoom=off_iceUrlFlag=7?_IceUrl=true</b> livestock to arrive in &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#116 &#102&#114&#111&#109 the &#67&#97&#112&#101 &#111&#102 &#71&#111&#111&#100 &#72&#111&#112&#101 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magicmushroomsinhorsedung253F.php" title="Magicmushroomsinhorsedung253f" alt="Magicmushroomsinhorsedung253f" >Magicmushroomsinhorsedung253f</a> in <p align="right"> , &#97&#110&#100 &#119&#104&#111 &#103&#111&#114&#103&#101&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101&#109&#115&#101&#108&#118&#101&#115 &#111&#110 our tax dollars.<br> I met Jochen Gartz shortly after the fall of the Berlin Wall at the third symposium of the European College for the Study of Consciousness (ECSC) in Freiburg, Germany.<br> Our encounter was my first contact with a &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104&#101&#114 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#101&#114&#13&#10&#69&#97&#115&#116 Germany. Jochen Gartz's &#101&#110&#116&#104&#117&#115&#105&#97&#115&#116&#105&#99 &#108&#101&#99&#116&#117&#114&#101&#13&#10&#119&#97&#115 &#97 &#116&#114&#117&#108&#121 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#101&#120&#112&#97&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103 event, &#104&#105&#115&#13&#10&#119&#111&#114&#100&#115 &#98&#114&#101&#97&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#100&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#114&#97&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 borders and crossing over into new territory. The magic mushrooms spoke through him &#45 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#110&#111 &#116&#114&#97&#99&#101 of dogma &#111&#114 &#105&#100&#101&#111&#108&#111&#103&#121 &#45 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 tradition of true anarchy that is the hallmark of mushroom magic. What I heard was unbelievable.<br> Jochen &#115&#112&#111&#107&#101 &#111&#102 &#97 &#34&#110&#101&#119&#34 psychedelic mushroom and its migration.<br> The mycelia &#104&#97&#100 &#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#99&#101&#110&#116&#114&#105&#99 &#99&#105&#114&#99&#108&#101&#115 outward from Leipzig, jumping all political &#98&#111&#114&#100&#101&#114&#115&#46 &#70&#105&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 mycelia reached &#87&#101&#115&#116 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110 &#115&#111&#105&#108&#44 &#116&#104&#101 hated Berlin Wall crumbled. Could there possibly &#98&#101 &#97 &#99&#111&#110&#110&#101&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#98&#101&#116&#119&#101&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 evolution of the magic mushroom and the evolution of our <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/mexican+gold+mushrooms.php" title="Mexican Gold Mushrooms" alt="Mexican Gold Mushrooms" >Mexican Gold Mushrooms</a> consciousness? Could a mushroom have contributed to the &#114&#101&#115&#111&#108&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 <i>which magic mushrooms grow in cedar chips</i> &#111&#102&#13&#10&#111&#117&#114 &#112&#111&#108&#105&#116&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#99&#111&#110&#102&#108&#105&#99&#116&#115&#63&#13&#10&#73&#110 the &#112&#97&#115&#116&#44 &#112&#111&#108&#105&#116&#105&#99&#105&#97&#110&#115&#44 &#101&#118&#101&#110 &#112&#111&#112&#101&#115&#44 had their own &#106&#101&#115&#116&#101&#114&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#105&#97&#110&#115&#44 &#119&#104&#111 functioned as pressure &#114&#101&#108&#101&#97&#115&#101 &#118&#97&#108&#118&#101&#115 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 machinations of political power &#115&#116&#114&#117&#103&#103&#108&#101&#115&#46 &#73&#116 &#105&#115 &#111&#98&#118&#105&#111&#117&#115 that a country whose chancellor is being pelted with eggs, &#117&#114&#103&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121 &#110&#101&#101&#100&#115 &#97 &#110&#101&#119 breed of magician who are able to &#114&#101&#97&#100&#106&#117&#115&#116 &#114&#101&#97&#108&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#66&#117&#116 &#116&#111&#100&#97&#121&#44 no aspiring magician should go about this task without this book as a guide for the &#119&#111&#110&#100&#114&#111&#117&#115 &#106&#111&#117&#114&#110&#101&#121 &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#97&#108&#109 of magic mushrooms. Christian Rdtsch Figure &#53 &#45 &#34&#65&#110&#116&#104&#114&#111&#112&#111&#109&#111&#114&#112&#104&#105&#99 &#66&#101&#105&#110&#103&#115 Engaged in Mushroom Dance" 10,000-year-old rock drawing in &#84&#97&#115&#115&#105&#108&#105&#44 &#83&#97&#104&#97&#114&#97 &#40&#65&#108&#103&#101&#114&#105&#97&#41&#13&#10&#67&#72&#65&#80&#84&#69&#82 &#49&#13&#10&#73 BELIEVE THE TIME HAS COME FOR &#65 &#67&#79&#77&#80&#82&#69&#72&#69&#78&#83&#73&#86&#69 &#82&#69&#86&#73&#69&#87 &#79&#70 NEW FINDINGS FROM THE FIELDS OF MYCOLOGY, TAXONOMY AND NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY When R.G. Wasson, R. Heim and A.<br> Hofmann began their interdisciplinary research program to study &#116&#104&#101 &#77&#101&#120&#105&#99&#97&#110 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 and their usage in Mexican mushroom cults, their efforts &#99&#117&#108&#109&#105&#110&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#97&#13&#10&#49&#57&#53&#56 &#108&#97&#110&#100&#109&#97&#114&#107 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116 &#116&#104&#97&#116 described &#116&#104&#101 &#105&#115&#111&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#44&#13&#10&#109&#111&#108&#101&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114 &#115&#116&#114&#117&#99&#116&#117&#114&#101 &#97&#110&#100 synthesis &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#39 &#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#105&#110&#103&#114&#101&#100&#105&#101&#110&#116&#115&#58 psilocybin and psilocin. Several years later, these substances were also identified in a species of mushroom in Europe, Psilocybe semilanceata, which became the first in a series of &#110&#101&#119&#108&#121 &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#83&#105&#110&#99&#101&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101&#110&#44 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 mushrooms from other genera have been reported with increasing frequency.<br> As part of my analytical work dedicated to the identification of &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114&#114&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#99&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97&#108&#115&#44 &#73 &#104&#97&#100 the good fortune to &#98&#101 &#112&#97&#114&#116 &#111&#102 &#97&#13&#10&#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104 team that studied alkaloids <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magic+mushroom+article/buy+magic+mushroom.php" title="Magic Mushroom Article Buy Magic Mushroom" alt="Magic Mushroom Article Buy Magic Mushroom" >Magic Mushroom Article Buy Magic Mushroom</a> found in a variety of &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#78&#111&#119 &#73 believe the time has come for a comprehensive review of new findings from the fields of mycology, taxonomy and &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108 &#112&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#116&#115 &#99&#104&#101&#109&#105&#115&#116&#114&#121&#46&#13&#10&#87&#97&#115&#115&#111&#110 &#97&#110&#100 his successors have already provided detailed accounts &#112&#101&#114&#116&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#104&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#121 and study of the Me </p> <div align="left"> It has been suggested by an Australian physician that the general public in Australia, &#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#97&#115 &#109&#101&#109&#98&#101&#114&#115 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/genus+henbane+historically+relieve+pain.php" title="Genus Henbane Historically Relieve Pain" alt="Genus Henbane Historically Relieve Pain" >Genus Henbane Historically Relieve Pain</a> of &#105&#116&#115 &#100&#114&#117&#103 &#117&#115&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#117&#98&#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#44 first &#98&#101&#99&#97&#109&#101 &#97&#119&#97&#114&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 visionary properties of these &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#98&#121 &#97 visiting surfer(s), who came from &#101&#105&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#78&#101&#119 &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100 &#111&#114 the United States (Hawaii) and most likely provided &#101&#116&#104&#110&#111&#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#105&#110&#102&#111&#114&#109&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#116&#111 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#108 surfers (McCarthy, 1971). This &#112&#104&#121&#115&#105&#99&#105&#97&#110 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#117&#115&#101 of psychoactive mushrooms, as well as 21 other drugs "was well demonstrated during a survey on &#100&#114&#117&#103 &#97&#98&#117&#115&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#119&#97&#115 conducted &#105&#110 &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104&#101&#114&#110 &#81&#117&#101&#101&#110&#115&#108&#97&#110&#100 &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 l969." &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#115&#117&#114&#118&#101&#121 &#114&#101&#108&#105&#101&#100 &#111&#110 interviews of 51 people belonging to &#34&#116&#104&#101 &#96&#115&#117&#114&#102&#101&#114&#39 &#115&#117&#98&#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#108 &#98&#101&#97&#99&#104 &#114&#101&#115&#111&#114&#116&#115&#34&#46 In &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#111&#99&#116&#111&#114 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/field+shrooms/Things+to+Do+While+Tripping+on+Shrooms/" title="Field Shrooms Things To Do While Tripping On Shrooms" alt="Field Shrooms Things To Do While Tripping On Shrooms" >Field Shrooms Things To Do While Tripping On Shrooms</a> believed that "although &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#117&#114&#118&#101&#121 &#105&#110&#118&#111&#108&#118&#101&#100 &#115&#117&#114&#102&#101&#114&#115 and their female &#102&#114&#105&#101&#110&#100&#115&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#105&#115 &#110&#111 suggestion that the use &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#100&#114&#117&#103&#115 &#105&#115 confined to this group, which constitutes but a proportion of our (Australian) young drug taking community." It is thus likely that word-of-mouth &#99&#111&#109&#109&#117&#110&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#109&#97&#100&#101 &#97 &#115&#105&#103&#110&#105&#102&#105&#99&#97&#110&#116 contribution to &#116&#104&#101 &#105&#110&#99&#114&#101&#97&#115&#105&#110&#103 &#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 "magic mushrooms" in &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#90&#46 </div> ure of Psilocybe semilanceata (with sclerotia formation). Figure 48 - Inocybe aeruginascens on grassy soil Figure 49 - Psilocybe cubensis on horse manure and rice. portions of mycelia whose texture is somewhat like wool. The kind of viruses known to appear in champignon cultures - where they have already caused a lot of damage - have so far not been found in cultures of the Psilocybe and Panaeolus species. It is safe to say that we currently know a great deal about the nutritional requirements of Psilocybe cubensis. To a lesser extent, such information is available about other species as well. Armed with this knowledge, future researchers may well discover new insights into physiology of these species, as well as the biochemical changes that occur during fruiting. In my experiments, it has already been established that the process of differentiation whereby mycelia are transformed into sclerotia or fruiting bodies is linked to increased production of psilocybin as well as psilocin, especially in Psilocybe cubensis. Due to the relatively complex methodology and the type of equipment needed to isolate and maintain sterile cultures, it appears unlikely that cultivation of Psilocybe cubensis mushrooms by laypersons will significantly heighten the mushroom's popularity or widen its area of distribution anytime soon. However, since the early 1980s, growing numbers of mycophiles in North America and Europe have successfully used "natural outdoor cultivation" to fruit Psilocybe cyanescens and similar species. This process involves selection of natural wood substrates striated with mycelia (rhizomorphs) that usually turn blue in response to handling. The mycelia are then transferred onto fresh wood chips or commercial mulch (not from cedar trees). After several months of growth, the mycelia fruit during the fall season. Figure 50 - Surface culture of Inocybe aeruginascens on a liquid nutrient medium. Figure 51 - Panaeolus subbalteatus on cow dung and rice. Figure 52 - Psilocybe cubensis on wet newspaper. CHAPTER 7 PSYCHOTROPIC MUSHROOM SPECIES AROUND THE WORLD Figure 53 - Psilocybe cubensis on compost. Figure 54 - Psilocybe stuntzii (grasslands variety) from British Columbia. Figure 55 - Giant mushroom sculpture from Kerala, India. There is considerable debate among experts about the significance and purpose of the sculpture. Figure 56 - Magic mushrooms & water buffalo t-shirt from Thailand, designed for the Western tourist market. CHAPTER 7.1 SPOTLIGHT ON NORTH AMERICA AND HAWAII In 1961, V.E. Tyler became the first investigator to report the detection of psilocybin in Psilocybe pelliculosa (Smith) Singer & Smith, a North American mushroom species. One year later, two research groups, working independently, discovered psilocybin, as well as psilocin, in samples of Psilocybe baeocystis Singer & Smith from the Pacific Northwest region of North America. Additional chemical and taxonomic findin as well. Below are some excerpts from his research protocols: J.H. (a 24-year-old male) ingested four cooked mushrooms at night, after a meal (!), and then ate another three fresh mushrooms 30 minutes later. This was followed by regurgitation, and 45 minutes later, he started to sweat profusely all over his head and body. His pulse rate and breathing were accelerated, but slowed down later on. He laid down and experienced visual hallucinations, which caused him to panic and to run a distance of about 1,200 ft. to consult the nearest doctor. The physician noted widely dilated pupils, and proceeded to have the patient's stomach pumped and then prescribed laxatives. Three hours later, the abnormal state had largely subsided; by the next morning, there was no evidence of any other side effects. M.K. (a 22-year-old male) ate just one fresh mushroom, which had no effects at all. K .Y. (a 31-year-old male) ate five mushrooms. Regurgitation occurred 30 minutes after ingestion, followed by sweating around the head and body; his extremities appeared to be slightly paralyzed. This paralysis persisted for another three hours. During this time, the subject had great difficulties handling a pen for writing, his mood was depressed and he experienced hallucinations, such as colorful lights flooding down from the sky. By the following morning, all of these effects had dissipated. The fresh fruiting bodies were bitter, a taste that disappeared after the mushrooms had been cooked in water. The above experiments are rather amateurish, and the descriptions of results are heavily influenced by a simplistic perspective which assumes that the mushrooms's pharmacological effects proceed along a single, narrow track. Still, these accounts demonstrate that comparable dosages of Japanese mushroom species have psychotropic effects similar to those caused by Psilocybe species found on other continents. Much work still remains to be done in the areas of phytochemistry and taxonomy before the body of knowledge about psychotropic mushroom species in Japan can grow to become adequate. The geographic distribution and ingredients of the Japanese Panaeolus species must also be studied further. For instance, Panaeolus subbalteatus is one of the species that are growing on several Japanese islands today. CHAPTER 7.6 INTOXICATIONS AND THE OLDEST KNOWN MUSHROOM CULT IN AFRICA So far, the mycoflora of the African continent has been studied only peripherally and remains largely unknown. During the late 1980s, Italian mycologist G. Samorini and Terence McKenna, working independently, found evidence for the oldest known mushroom cult in Africa. Their discoveries were not just sensational, but most surprising as well. On the other hand, it really shouldn't come as a surprise that the oldest traces of human contact with mushrooms were found on the very continent known as the cradle of humanity. 10,000 Years Old From 9,000 to Most recreational users of Psilocybe cubensis (when grown in vitro) require a dosage of 1 to 2 gm of dried mushrooms to produce an altered state of consciousness; a clinical dosage for Psilocybe cubensis, on the other hand, had previously been reported as ranging from 3 to 5 gm of dried material. This dosage would be comparable to the amount of fungal material consumed for religious purposes in a Mazatec Indian healing and curing ceremony. In 1982, one research team "found that the level of psilocybin and psilocin varies over a factor of 4 among various in vitro cultures of Psilocybe cubensis, while specimens from outdoors varied tenfold." A fresh dosage of Psilocybe cubensis in Australia would be approximately from 1 to 2 large mushrooms weighing up to as much as one fresh ounce, or as many as from 25 to 50 small mushrooms equaling the same weight amount. Ethnopharmacologist Jonathan Ott (1976, 1993) noted that he has observed "the ingestion of from 0.5 gm to 5.9 gm dried weight (10 gm to 40 gm fresh)", of various species of Psilocybe. Dosage for Psilocybe subcubensis would be the same as for Psilocybe cubensis. Both of these latter two species are macroscopically alike. The usual dosage for Copelandia cyanescens required to induce psychedelic visual effects ranges from 1 to 3 large specimens (cap diameter c. 5 mm), or as many as 5 to l0 medium-sized mushrooms (cap diameter c. 2.5 mm); however, personal tolerance to this species may occur with continued use, and some who consume large amounts of this mushroom have reportedly ingested as many as 50 to 200 fresh specimens of various sizes. xican mushroom species, so that these materials need not be repeated in this context. However, certain aspects concerning the more recent uses of these mushrooms as well as their conditions of growth will receive more detailed attention in later chapters. The main purpose of this book is to inspire further study of these mushrooms, particularly basic research efforts and medical applications of magic mushroom ingredients. The extensive bibliography will help scientists and other interested mycophiles to further immerse themselves in this complex area of study. Jochen Gartz Figure 6 - Bronze doors with mushroom motif entitled "Trial and Judgment" at Hildesheim Cathedral, Germany (ca. 1020). CHAPTER 2 REFLECTIONS ON THE HISTORY AND SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF MAGIC MUSHROOMS It is remarkable that cultures native to the American continent knew about a relatively large number of natural mind-altering substances compared to early cultures that evolved in Europe or Asia. Botanical evidence does not support the notion that Europe is home to fewer hallucinogenic plants than other regions. Furthermore, the growing number of recently discovered European mushroom species containing psilocybin indicate a flourishing psychotropic mycoflora in Europe similar to those found in other countries. It is unlikely that early European cultures learned less about local plants and mushrooms through usage and experience than cultures elsewhere in the world. Most likely, early cultural knowledge of European psychoactive plants and mushrooms was lost or destroyed at some time in history, probably as early as several hundred years ago. The discovery that the fly agaric mushroom (Amanita muscaria) was known for its psychoactive properties in Siberia invited the conclusion that this mushroom was used as a psychotropic agent in medieval Europe as well. In fact, there is very little evidence from the Middle Ages to indicate widespread knowledge of the effects of specific mushrooms on human consciousness. However, I believe that past reports on psychoactive mushrooms were causally linked to Amanita muscaria simply because this was the only known psychotropic mushroom in Europe at that time. While the usage of Amanita muscaria among Siberian tribes has generated reports of spectacular hallucinations, European accounts of fly agaric intoxications do not generally include descriptions of such intensely hallucinatory effects. Accordingly, the potent hallucinogenic effects of specific Psilocybes and related species are likely to have had a much more significant influence on early European cultures than the delirium-like visions induced by Amanita muscaria, a species that is also known to induce unconsciousness and severe somatic side effects. This hypothesis is corroborated by data from comprehensive field studies conducted in Mexico. I believe that historic accounts including those described below - indicate a knowledge of More than half of Australia's beef cattle can be found in the coastal areas of Queensland JOCHEN GARTZ MAGIC MUSHROOMS Around the World A Scientific Journey Across Cultures and Time The Case for Challenging Research and Value Systems * LIS PUBLICATIONS * LOS ANGELES, CA* Figure 1 - Water Color Painting of Psilocybe semilanceata (Germany, 1927) TABLE OF CONTENT (With Active Links' Just Click On A Subject To Go To The Page) "Who Was the First Magician?" - Foreword by Christian Ratsch 7 1. Introduction 9 2. Reflections on the History and Scientific Study of Magic Mushrooms 10 3. The Current State of Knowledge About European Species 14 3.1 Psilocybe semilanceata: The Classic Species Among European Psychotropic Mushrooms 16 3.2 Psilocybe cyanescens: Potent Mushrooms Growing on Wood Debris 29 3.3 Panaeolus subbalteatus: Mycology and Myths about the Panaeolus Species 37 3.4 Inocybe aeruginascens: Fast-Spreading New Arrivals 44 3.5 Gymnopilus purpuratus: Magnificent Mushrooms from South America 51 3.6 Conocybe cyanopus: Tiny Mushrooms of Remarkable Potency 55 3.7 Pluteus salicinus: A Little-known Wood-Inhabiting Species 58 4. Mushroom Identification: Taxonomic Confusion and the Potential for Deadly Mistakes 61 5. The Bluing Phenomenon and Metol Testing: Reality vs. Wishful Thinking 63 6. Mushroom Cultivation: Classic Findings and New Techniques 66 7. Psychotropic Mushroom Species Around the World 77 7.1 Spotlight on North America and Hawaii 79 7.2 Mycophilia in Central and South America 82 7.3 Australia's Mycoflora Attracts Attention 84 7.4 European Customs and Conventions 87 7.5 Japanese Experimentation 93 7.6 Intoxications and the Oldest Known Mushroom Cult in Africa 95 7.7 Usage in Southeast Asia and the South Pacific Islands 98 8. Some Comments on Effects of Mushrooms from the Category Phantastika 102 9. Psychotherapy 108 10. Outlook 114 11. Bibliography 120 Index 129 Figure 2 - Psilocybe cubensis from Australia Figure 3 - Water color painting of Panaeolus subbalteatus (Germany, 1927). Figure 4 - Fresh Panaeolus subbalteatus mushrooms. FOREWORD Nobody knows precisely when the first magic mushroom emerged from the shadows of prehistory to enter the light of consciousness. Nobody knows when the first magic mushroom was eaten by a human being. Nobody knows just who the first magic mushroom eater was. In seeking answers to these questions, we can only speculate. Mycophobes, however, are quick to voice their conviction that only a fool would be reckless enough to want to attain a higher state of consciousness beyond the boundaries of everyday reality. And only a fool would attempt to do this by ingesting those odd little things that mysteriously thrive on decaying, humid soil, rotten wood and malodorous mounds of cow manure. Historically, magic, mushrooms have been feared and hated` since antiquity: magic mushrooms were thought to be made from poisons that had dripped from serpents' fangs; they were considered to be unclean emissions of evil spirits; moreover, mushrooms were a kn , and who gorge themselves on our tax dollars. I met Jochen Gartz shortly after the fall of the Berlin Wall at the third symposium of the European College for the Study of Consciousness (ECSC) in Freiburg, Germany. Our encounter was my first contact with a researcher from the former East Germany. Jochen Gartz's enthusiastic lecture was a truly consciousnessexpanding event, his words breaking down traditional borders and crossing over into new territory. The magic mushrooms spoke through him - with no trace of dogma or ideology - in the tradition of true anarchy that is the hallmark of mushroom magic. What I heard was unbelievable. Jochen spoke of a "new" psychedelic mushroom and its migration. The mycelia had spread in concentric circles outward from Leipzig, jumping all political borders. Finally, when the mycelia reached West German soil, the hated Berlin Wall crumbled. Could there possibly be a connection between the evolution of the magic mushroom and the evolution of our consciousness? Could a mushroom have contributed to the resolution of our political conflicts? In the past, politicians, even popes, had their own jesters and magicians, who functioned as pressure release valves in the machinations of political power struggles. It is obvious that a country whose chancellor is being pelted with eggs, urgently needs a new breed of magician who are able to readjust reality. But today, no aspiring magician should go about this task without this book as a guide for the wondrous journey into the realm of magic mushrooms. Christian Rdtsch Figure 5 - "Anthropomorphic Beings Engaged in Mushroom Dance" 10,000-year-old rock drawing in Tassili, Sahara (Algeria) CHAPTER 1 I BELIEVE THE TIME HAS COME FOR A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF NEW FINDINGS FROM THE FIELDS OF MYCOLOGY, TAXONOMY AND NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY When R.G. Wasson, R. Heim and A. Hofmann began their interdisciplinary research program to study the Mexican species of mushrooms and their usage in Mexican mushroom cults, their efforts culminated in a 1958 landmark report that described the isolation, molecular structure and synthesis of the mushrooms' active ingredients: psilocybin and psilocin. Several years later, these substances were also identified in a species of mushroom in Europe, Psilocybe semilanceata, which became the first in a series of newly discovered species. Since then, psychoactive mushrooms from other genera have been reported with increasing frequency. As part of my analytical work dedicated to the identification of naturally occurring chemicals, I had the good fortune to be part of a research team that studied alkaloids found in a variety of mushroom species. Now I believe the time has come for a comprehensive review of new findings from the fields of mycology, taxonomy and natural products chemistry. Wasson and his successors have already provided detailed accounts pertaining to the history and study of the Me More than half of Australia's beef cattle can be found in the coastal areas of Queensland <p align="justify"> &#111&#119&#110&#13&#10&#99&#97&#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#100&#101&#97&#116&#104 &#97&#110&#100 disease, bloated stomachs and insanity. Beliefs such as &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#115&#117&#114&#118&#105&#118&#101&#100 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 present day. They persist, for example,,, &#97&#115&#13&#10&#102&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#115&#112&#101&#101&#99&#104&#44 &#115 u c h as the slick Austrian description of a societal <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/how+long+do+shrooms+stay+in+your+system/united+states+coins/" title="How Long Do Shrooms Stay In Your System United States Coins" alt="How Long Do Shrooms Stay In Your System United States Coins" >How Long Do Shrooms Stay In Your System United States Coins</a> misfit &#97&#115 &#115&#111&#109&#101&#111&#110&#101 &#34&#119&#104&#111&#13&#10&#97&#116&#101 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 madness-inducing mushrooms.<br>" But, there is another, very different, magic mushroom &#108&#101&#103&#97&#99&#121 &#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108&#46&#13&#10&#70&#108&#101&#115&#104 &#111&#102 the Gods for Devil Worshippers The Old &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100&#46 &#77&#121&#99&#101&#110&#97&#101&#97&#110 &#99&#105&#118&#105&#108&#105&#122&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#98&#101&#103&#97&#110 &#119&#105&#116&#104 a mushroom trip -Mushrooms were an ingredient &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#97&#109&#98&#114&#111&#115&#105&#97 &#111&#102 &#68&#105&#111&#110&#121&#115&#117&#115&#46&#13&#10&#80&#111&#114&#112&#104&#121&#114&#105&#117&#115&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#117&#114&#116&#104 century Latin poet and contemporary of &#69&#109&#112&#101&#114&#111&#114 &#75&#111&#110&#115&#116&#97&#110&#116&#105&#110&#44 &#107&#110&#101&#119&#13&#10&#116&#104&#97&#116 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 mushrooms were the children of the gods. WHO WAS THE FIRST MAGICIAN? A &#113&#117&#97&#115&#105&#45&#99&#97&#110&#110&#105&#98&#97&#108&#105&#115&#116&#105&#99 &#114&#105&#116&#117&#97&#108&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#97&#99&#116 &#111&#102 &#101&#97&#116&#105&#110&#103 the children of &#116&#104&#101 &#103&#111&#100&#115 &#117&#110&#108&#111&#99&#107&#101&#100 &#111&#110&#101&#39&#115 power &#116&#111&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#116&#114&#117&#108&#121 &#100&#105&#118&#105&#110&#101&#46 But not all mushrooms enable human beings to &#101&#110&#116&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#97&#108&#109 &#111&#102 &#100&#105&#118&#105&#110&#101 consciousness. This magic power resides in only &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#97&#115 "fool's mushrooms", which were considered poisonous and believed to be the spawn of the Devil throughout the late Middle Ages and well into modern times. The New World: &#84&#104&#101 &#65&#122&#116&#101&#99&#115 &#105&#110 &#77&#101&#120&#105&#99&#111&#13&#10&#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#114&#101&#100 to a &#110&#117&#109&#98&#101&#114 &#111&#102 &#115&#109&#97&#108&#108&#44 &#105&#110&#99&#111&#110&#115&#112&#105&#99&#117&#111&#117&#115&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 as teonartacatl, or "flesh of the Gods." These sacred mushrooms were &#101&#97&#116&#101&#110&#13&#10&#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#111&#117&#114&#115&#101 &#111&#102 rituals <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/psychedelic+mushrooms+washington.php" title="Psychedelic Mushrooms Washington" alt="Psychedelic Mushrooms Washington" >Psychedelic Mushrooms Washington</a> intended to contact the Gods in order to learn &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#111&#114&#108&#100 &#97&#110&#100 the realm of the divine. &#84&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#13&#10&#114&#105&#116&#117&#97&#108&#115 &#116&#104&#111&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 spooked the Catholic Spaniards.<br> &#84&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#101&#97&#116&#101&#114&#115&#44 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110&#108&#121&#13&#10&#116&#104&#111&#117&#103&#104&#116 &#111&#102 as Devil worshippers, were hounded by the Inquisition.<br> Still, all good things survive the &#116&#101&#115&#116&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#44 &#115&#111 the &#99&#117&#108&#116 &#111&#102 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#13&#10&#101&#97&#116&#101&#114&#115 did &#110&#111&#116 &#98&#101&#99&#111&#109&#101 &#101&#120&#116&#105&#110&#99&#116&#46 &#76&#105&#107&#101 mycelia underground, the cult &#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#117&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#102&#108&#111&#117&#114&#105&#115&#104&#44 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#97&#116 the proper time &#105&#110 &#114&#101&#99&#111&#114&#100&#101&#100 &#104&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#121&#44 &#105&#110 1957, the &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#117&#108&#108&#121 grown mushroom re-surfaced to draw &#119&#105&#100&#101&#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100 &#112&#117&#98&#108&#105&#99 &#97&#116&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 &#86&#97&#108&#101&#110&#116&#105&#110&#101&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 Gordon Wasson became the heroes of the modern &#110&#101&#111&#45&#109&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#105&#99 &#109&#111&#118&#101&#109&#101&#110&#116&#46&#13&#10&#66&#97&#99&#107 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 Old World: &#84&#104&#101 &#114&#101&#118&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 &#105&#110&#115&#105&#103&#104&#116&#115 &#103&#97&#105&#110&#101&#100 from the &#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 so magically &#119&#111&#110&#100&#101&#114&#102&#117&#108&#44 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#111&#117&#114 &#110&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 "fool's mushrooms" - which were gene &#59 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#101&#100&#105&#98&#108&#101 &#45 had to be recognized as closely related to the magic mushrooms &#111&#102 &#77&#101&#120&#105&#99&#111&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 of the Aztec Gods. &#84&#104&#101 &#115&#111&#117&#108&#115 &#111&#102 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 in &#77&#101&#120&#105&#99&#111&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121 &#97&#114&#101 &#101&#115&#115&#101&#110&#116&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#109&#97&#100&#101 from the same substance: &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#46&#13&#10&#74&#111&#99&#104&#101&#110 &#71&#97&#114&#116&#122 &#104&#97&#115 &#109&#97&#100&#101 an extraordinary contribution to the field of mycology &#98&#121 &#101&#109&#98&#114&#97&#99&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#39&#115 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 and the scientific study and &#116&#101&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#102&#117&#110&#103&#105&#46 The research efforts upon which this book is based require nothing less than &#97 &#102&#101&#97&#114&#108&#101&#115&#115&#44 &#98&#114&#97&#118&#101 &#97&#110&#100 courageous consciousness, free of prejudice &#97&#110&#100 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#111&#98&#105&#97&#46 &#73&#13&#10&#97&#109 &#99&#111&#110&#118&#105&#110&#99&#101&#100 that a researcher's consciousness infused by the spirit of the &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#99&#97&#112&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#111&#102 far deeper scientific insights than we can ever expect from the usual &#105&#118&#111&#114&#121 &#116&#111&#119&#101&#114&#13&#10&#97&#99&#97&#100&#101&#109&#105&#99&#115&#44 &#105&#115&#111&#108&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109 reality </p> The majority of adverse physical effects or negative psychological reactions produced by "magic mushrooms" generally result from inappropriate set and expectation, or because of improper dosage, which may vary considerably among consumers, different mushroom species, or even within an individual species. The question of dosage is often confused by the variation in the source of the hallucinogenic mushroom species which is consumed. For example, Psilocybe cubensis, when picked and eaten from its natural dung (manure) habitat, produces a relatively mild mindaltering experience, which is evident from the large amounts of fresh specimens needed to achieve a threshold experience. However when grown in vitro (indoor laboratory cultivation and/or illicit cultivation), Psilocybe cubensis apparently can produce a more potent strain capable of inducing a very intense visual, sometimes quite disturbing, experience. This dosage assumes that the consumption of 1 to 3 gm of dried material would be too low if the mushroom specimen came from a wild source. This low potency for Psilocybe cubensis has been confirmed by research scientists Margot & Watling, (1981), who were surprised by the comparatively small amounts of psilocybin and psilocin which they extracted from wild specimens collected from five different locations in Australia. This suggests that a much larger dose would be required to produce significant hallucinations. It is possible that the chemicals most likely degenerated between the time that they were harvested and the time of analysis. However, it should be noted that a strain of Psilocybe cubensis producing different flushes (harvests) will vary somewhat in potency between flushes. <p align="justify"> as &#119&#101&#108&#108&#46 &#66&#101&#108&#111&#119 &#97&#114&#101&#13&#10&#115&#111&#109&#101 &#101&#120&#99&#101&#114&#112&#116&#115 from his research protocols: J.H. &#40&#97 &#50&#52&#45&#121&#101&#97&#114&#45&#111&#108&#100 &#109&#97&#108&#101&#41 &#105&#110&#103&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100 &#102&#111&#117&#114&#13&#10&#99&#111&#111&#107&#101&#100 mushrooms at night, after &#97 &#109&#101&#97&#108 &#40&#33&#41&#44 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101&#110 ate another three fresh mushrooms &#51&#48 &#109&#105&#110&#117&#116&#101&#115&#13&#10&#108&#97&#116&#101&#114&#46 &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#119&#97&#115 followed by regurgitation, and 45 minutes later, he started to sweat profusely all over his head and body. His pulse rate and breathing were accelerated, but slowed down later on. &#72&#101&#13&#10&#108&#97&#105&#100 &#100&#111&#119&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#100 visual hallucinations, which caused him to panic and to run a distance of about &#49&#44&#50&#48&#48 &#102&#116&#46 &#116&#111 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#117&#108&#116 the nearest doctor. The physician noted widely dilated pupils, &#97&#110&#100 &#112&#114&#111&#99&#101&#101&#100&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#104&#97&#118&#101 the patient's stomach pumped and then prescribed &#108&#97&#120&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#114&#101&#101 &#104&#111&#117&#114&#115 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114&#44 &#116&#104&#101 abnormal &#115&#116&#97&#116&#101 &#104&#97&#100 &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101&#108&#121&#13&#10&#115&#117&#98&#115&#105&#100&#101&#100&#59 &#98&#121 &#116&#104&#101 next &#109&#111&#114&#110&#105&#110&#103&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#119&#97&#115 &#110&#111&#13&#10&#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#99&#101 of any &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#115&#105&#100&#101 &#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115&#46&#13&#10&#77&#46&#75&#46 &#40&#97 22-year-old male) ate &#106&#117&#115&#116 &#111&#110&#101&#13&#10&#102&#114&#101&#115&#104 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 had no effects at all.<br> K &#46&#89&#46 &#40&#97 &#51&#49&#45&#121&#101&#97&#114&#45&#111&#108&#100 &#109&#97&#108&#101&#41 ate five mushrooms. Regurgitation occurred 30 minutes after ingestion, followed &#98&#121 &#115&#119&#101&#97&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#97&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#104&#101&#97&#100 &#97&#110&#100 body; his &#101&#120&#116&#114&#101&#109&#105&#116&#105&#101&#115 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#98&#101&#13&#10&#115&#108&#105&#103&#104&#116&#108&#121 paralyzed. This &#112&#97&#114&#97&#108&#121&#115&#105&#115 &#112&#101&#114&#115&#105&#115&#116&#101&#100 &#102&#111&#114&#13&#10&#97&#110&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#114&#101&#101 hours. During this &#116&#105&#109&#101&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#13&#10&#104&#97&#100 &#103&#114&#101&#97&#116 difficulties &#104&#97&#110&#100&#108&#105&#110&#103 &#97 &#112&#101&#110 &#102&#111&#114 writing, his &#109&#111&#111&#100 &#119&#97&#115 &#100&#101&#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#101&#100 &#97&#110&#100 he experienced hallucinations, such as colorful &#108&#105&#103&#104&#116&#115 &#102&#108&#111&#111&#100&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#100&#111&#119&#110 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 sky. By &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#109&#111&#114&#110&#105&#110&#103&#44 &#97&#108&#108&#13&#10&#111&#102 these &#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115 &#104&#97&#100 &#100&#105&#115&#115&#105&#112&#97&#116&#101&#100&#46 &#84&#104&#101 fresh fruiting bodies were bitter, a &#116&#97&#115&#116&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#100&#105&#115&#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#97&#102&#116&#101&#114&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 mushrooms had been cooked in &#119&#97&#116&#101&#114&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#97&#98&#111&#118&#101 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#109&#101&#110&#116&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#114&#97&#116&#104&#101&#114&#13&#10&#97&#109&#97&#116&#101&#117&#114&#105&#115&#104&#44 and the descriptions of results are heavily influenced by &#97 &#115&#105&#109&#112&#108&#105&#115&#116&#105&#99 &#112&#101&#114&#115&#112&#101&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#97&#115&#115&#117&#109&#101&#115 that the mushrooms's pharmacological effects proceed along a single, narrow track. &#83&#116&#105&#108&#108&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#97&#99&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#115 &#100&#101&#109&#111&#110&#115&#116&#114&#97&#116&#101&#13&#10&#116&#104&#97&#116 comparable dosages of Japanese mushroom species have &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 &#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115 &#115&#105&#109&#105&#108&#97&#114 &#116&#111 those caused by Psilocybe species found on &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116&#115&#46&#13&#10&#77&#117&#99&#104 &#119&#111&#114&#107 &#115&#116&#105&#108&#108 &#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#115 to be done in &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#111&#102 &#112&#104&#121&#116&#111&#99&#104&#101&#109&#105&#115&#116&#114&#121 &#97&#110&#100 taxonomy before &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#98&#111&#100&#121 &#111&#102 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#108&#101&#100&#103&#101 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 psychotropic mushroom species in Japan can grow to become &#97&#100&#101&#113&#117&#97&#116&#101&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/psychedelic+myspace+contact+table/eating+raw+field+shrooms.php" title="Psychedelic Myspace Contact Table Eating Raw Field Shrooms" alt="Psychedelic Myspace Contact Table Eating Raw Field Shrooms" >Psychedelic Myspace Contact Table Eating Raw Field Shrooms</a> &#103&#101&#111&#103&#114&#97&#112&#104&#105&#99 &#100&#105&#115&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#97&#110&#100 ingredients of the Japanese &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#109&#117&#115&#116 &#97&#108&#115&#111 be studied further. For &#105&#110&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101&#44 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 &#115&#117&#98&#98&#97&#108&#116&#101&#97&#116&#117&#115 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#111&#110&#101 of the species that are growing on several Japanese islands today. CHAPTER 7.<br>6 INTOXICATIONS AND THE &#79&#76&#68&#69&#83&#84 &#75&#78&#79&#87&#78&#13&#10&#77&#85&#83&#72&#82&#79&#79&#77 &#67&#85&#76&#84 &#73&#78 AFRICA So far, the mycoflora of &#116&#104&#101 &#65&#102&#114&#105&#99&#97&#110&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 &#104&#97&#115 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/what+to+do+while+on+shrooms.php" title="What To Do While On Shrooms" alt="What To Do While On Shrooms" >What To Do While On Shrooms</a> &#98&#101&#101&#110 studied only &#112&#101&#114&#105&#112&#104&#101&#114&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#115 &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101&#108&#121 &#117&#110&#107&#110&#111&#119&#110&#46 During the late 1980s, Italian mycologist G. Samorini and Terence McKenna, working independently, found evidence for the oldest &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#99&#117&#108&#116 &#105&#110 Africa. Their discoveries were not just sensational, but most &#115&#117&#114&#112&#114&#105&#115&#105&#110&#103 &#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108&#46 &#79&#110 the other hand, &#105&#116&#13&#10&#114&#101&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#115&#104&#111&#117&#108&#100&#110&#39&#116 &#99&#111&#109&#101 &#97&#115 a surprise that the oldest traces of human contact with mushrooms &#119&#101&#114&#101&#13&#10&#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#111&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 known as &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#114&#97&#100&#108&#101 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#104&#117&#109&#97&#110&#105&#116&#121&#46&#13&#10&#49&#48&#44&#48&#48&#48 &#89&#101&#97&#114&#115 Old From 9,000 to </p> <p align="center"> . For that reason, freeze-dried samples &#102&#111&#114 &#98&#105&#111&#99&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97&#108&#13&#10&#97&#110&#97&#108&#121&#115&#105&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#115&#116&#111&#114&#101&#100 at -10°C &#112&#114&#105&#111&#114 &#116&#111 &#97&#108&#107&#97&#108&#111&#105&#100&#13&#10&#101&#120&#116&#114&#97&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#114 chromatography testing. In addition to the reports from Finland, investigators in North America have noted that &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#39&#115 &#100&#101&#99&#97&#121 &#114&#97&#116&#101 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#115&#108&#111&#119&#101&#115&#116 &#105&#110 Psilocybe semilanceata, compared &#116&#111&#13&#10&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#40&#49&#41 &#82 &#61 H2P03 (2) &#82 &#61 &#72&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#49&#57 &#45 Structural &#102&#111&#114&#109&#117&#108&#97&#115 &#102&#111&#114&#13&#10&#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 &#40&#49&#41 &#97&#110&#100 psilocin (2). CH3 CH3 Psilocybe semilanceata Figure &#50&#48 &#45 &#68&#105&#115&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#112&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114&#110 of &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#105&#110 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121 and adjacent areas.<br> Locations &#97&#114&#101 &#105&#110&#100&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107 dots. CHAPTER 3.2 PSILOCYBE &#67&#89&#65&#78&#69&#83&#67&#69&#78&#83 &#45 &#80&#79&#84&#69&#78&#84 &#77&#85&#83&#72&#82&#79&#79&#77&#83&#13&#10&#71&#82&#79&#87&#73&#78&#71 ON &#87&#79&#79&#68 &#68&#69&#66&#82&#73&#83&#13&#10&#65&#116 &#108&#101&#97&#115&#116 &#111&#110&#101 other &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#97&#100&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#116&#111 Psilocybe semilanceata is known to exist in Europe. &#65&#116 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#112&#111&#105&#110&#116&#44 &#73 &#109&#117&#115&#116 &#101&#109&#112&#104&#97&#115&#105&#122&#101&#13&#10&#116&#104&#97&#116 the differentiation of single species within the Psilocybe genus is &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116 &#116&#111 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101&#114&#97&#98&#108&#101&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#116&#114&#111&#118&#101&#114&#115&#121 &#97&#109&#111&#110&#103 eminent taxonomists. &#70&#111&#114&#13&#10&#101&#120&#97&#109&#112&#108&#101&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#114&#101 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116 &#109&#101&#116&#104&#111&#100&#115 of distinguishing the Hypholoma genus from &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#83&#116&#114&#111&#112&#104&#97&#114&#105&#97 &#103&#101&#110&#117&#115&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#87&#105&#100&#101&#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100 &#68&#105&#115&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#111&#102 Psilocybe cyanescens While Psilocybe semilanceata is a species that has long been clearly defined and is well known by &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#110&#97&#109&#101&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#114&#101&#44 according to Krieglsteiner, other strongly &#98&#108&#117&#105&#110&#103 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#13&#10&#116&#104&#97&#116 &#99&#97&#110 &#98&#101 described as belonging &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#34&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#120&#34&#46 These &#97&#114&#101 &#97&#108&#108&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#103&#114&#111&#119 &#111&#110 raw compost and plant debris. In accordance <i>which magic mushrooms grow in cedar chips</i> with current states of knowledge, the following names in &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#105&#116&#101&#114&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101 &#109&#101&#114&#101&#108&#121 &#115&#121&#110&#111&#110&#121&#109&#115 for &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115&#13&#10&#87&#97&#107&#101&#102&#105&#101&#108&#100 &#101&#109&#101&#110&#100&#46 &#75&#114&#105&#101&#103&#108&#115&#116&#101&#105&#110&#101&#114&#58&#13&#10&#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116 herbariums.<br> However, &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#105&#99&#114&#111&#115&#99&#111&#112&#105&#99&#13&#10&#100&#97&#116&#97 &#112&#101&#114&#116&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 Psilocybe species are poorly delineated and &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 &#111&#118&#101&#114&#108&#97&#112&#46 &#73&#116 &#105&#115 therefore imperative that additional mycological studies of Psilocybe &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#98&#101 &#112&#101&#114&#102&#111&#114&#109&#101&#100&#46 &#84&#111 this end, fresh mushroom samples from various European locations should &#98&#101 &#117&#115&#101&#100&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#98&#105&#111&#99&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97&#108 methods must be included in the <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/best+things+to+do+on+shrooms.php" title="Best Things To Do On Shrooms" alt="Best Things To Do On Shrooms" >Best Things To Do On Shrooms</a> investigation. Guzman's division of &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#98&#121 &#103&#101&#111&#103&#114&#97&#112&#104&#105&#99&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101&#97&#44 however, definitely turned out to be inaccurate.<br> According to his system, -North Africa was &#104&#111&#109&#101 &#116&#111 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#109&#97&#105&#114&#101&#105&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#108&#101 Psilocybe cyanescens &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#105&#110 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#97&#110&#100 and &#72&#111&#108&#108&#97&#110&#100 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 <H3>which magic mushrooms grow in cedar chips</H3> &#115&#101&#114&#98&#105&#99&#97 &#115&#117&#112&#112&#111&#115&#101&#100&#108&#121 grew in Serbia and Bohemia. The geographic distribution of the &#101&#110&#116&#105&#114&#101&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#115&#101&#101&#109&#115 &#116&#111 &#99&#111&#118&#101&#114 a vast area, with variations along climate and terrain at locations where samples were collected. Such disparate morphologies are to be expected when &#100&#101&#97&#108&#105&#110&#103 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#34&#121&#111&#117&#110&#103&#34 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44&#13&#10&#116&#104&#97&#116 is, species that have not yet firmly &#101&#115&#116&#97&#98&#108&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101&#109&#115&#101&#108&#118&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#114&#101 &#115&#116&#105&#108&#108 expanding &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#110&#101&#119&#13&#10&#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#55 &#40&#112&#46 14) displays locations in Europe and North Africa where samples &#111&#102&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 found.<br> - Hypholoma cyanescens R. Maire - Hypholoma &#99&#111&#112&#114&#105&#110&#105&#102&#97&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#40&#82&#111&#108&#108&#97&#110&#100 &#115&#115&#46&#13&#10&#72&#101&#114&#105&#110&#107&#41 &#80&#111&#117&#122&#97&#114&#13&#10&#45 Geophila cyanescens which magic mushrooms grow in cedar chips (R. Maire) Kuhner & Romagnesi - Psilocybe serbica Moser & Horak - Psilocybe mairei Singer - Psilocyb </p> . For that reason, freeze-dried samples for biochemical analysis are stored at -10°C prior to alkaloid extractions or chromatography testing. In addition to the reports from Finland, investigators in North America have noted that psilocybin's decay rate is slowest in Psilocybe semilanceata, compared to other species. (1) R = H2P03 (2) R = H Figure 19 - Structural formulas for psilocybin (1) and psilocin (2). CH3 CH3 Psilocybe semilanceata Figure 20 - Distribution pattern of Psilocybe semilanceata in Germany and adjacent areas. Locations are indicated by black dots. CHAPTER 3.2 PSILOCYBE CYANESCENS - POTENT MUSHROOMS GROWING ON WOOD DEBRIS At least one other Psilocybe species in addition to Psilocybe semilanceata is known to exist in Europe. At this point, I must emphasize that the differentiation of single species within the Psilocybe genus is subject to considerable controversy among eminent taxonomists. For example, there are different methods of distinguishing the Hypholoma genus from the Stropharia genus. The Widespread Distribution of Psilocybe cyanescens While Psilocybe semilanceata is a species that has long been clearly defined and is well known by this name, there are, according to Krieglsteiner, other strongly bluing mushrooms that can be described as belonging to the "Psilocybe cyanescens complex". These are all mushrooms that grow on raw compost and plant debris. In accordance with current states of knowledge, the following names in the literature are merely synonyms for Psilocybe cyanescens Wakefield emend. Krieglsteiner: different herbariums. However, the microscopic data pertaining to the Psilocybe species are poorly delineated and oftentimes overlap. It is therefore imperative that additional mycological studies of Psilocybe cyanescens be performed. To this end, fresh mushroom samples from various European locations should be used, and biochemical methods must be included in the investigation. Guzman's division of Psilocybe cyanescens by geographic area, however, definitely turned out to be inaccurate. According to his system, -North Africa was home to Psilocybe mairei, while Psilocybe cyanescens were found in England and Holland and Psilocybe serbica supposedly grew in Serbia and Bohemia. The geographic distribution of the entire species seems to cover a vast area, with variations along climate and terrain at locations where samples were collected. Such disparate morphologies are to be expected when dealing with "young" species, that is, species that have not yet firmly established themselves and are still expanding into new locations. Figure 7 (p. 14) displays locations in Europe and North Africa where samples of Psilocybe cyanescens have been found. - Hypholoma cyanescens R. Maire - Hypholoma coprinifacies (Rolland ss. Herink) Pouzar - Geophila cyanescens (R. Maire) Kuhner & Romagnesi - Psilocybe serbica Moser & Horak - Psilocybe mairei Singer - Psilocyb <p align="justify"> e creek on wood chips of Carpinus, Alnus and Salix, on raw compost mixtures of Picea, Pinus &#97&#110&#100 &#76&#97&#114&#105&#120 &#110&#101&#101&#100&#108&#101&#115&#44&#13&#10&#97&#115&#13&#10&#83&#101&#112&#116&#46 &#79&#99&#116&#46 Nov. Dec. Jan. Figure 21 - Fruiting curve of &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#98&#97&#115&#101&#100 &#111&#110 &#111&#98&#115&#101&#114&#118&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 at several locations &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#101&#114 &#67&#122&#101&#99&#104&#111&#115&#108&#111&#118&#97&#107&#105&#97&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 mycelia make use of different kinds of plant debris and even grow &#111&#110 &#119&#101&#116 &#99&#97&#114&#100&#98&#111&#97&#114&#100&#44&#13&#10&#119&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#100&#101&#118&#101&#108&#111&#112 into rhizomorphs just like they would in nature. Rhizomorphs are thick strands of <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/PSILOCYBESTUNTZII.php" title="Psilocybestuntzii" alt="Psilocybestuntzii" >Psilocybestuntzii</a> mycelia that &#115&#101&#114&#118&#101 &#116&#111 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#112&#111&#114&#116&#13&#10&#110&#117&#116&#114&#105&#101&#110&#116&#115 &#97&#110&#100 water.<br> They also develop intense blue stains (see Figure &#50&#50&#41&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#50&#51&#13&#10&#68&#105&#115&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#112&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114&#110 &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 in Germany and adjacent areas (according to &#75&#114&#105&#101&#103&#108&#115&#116&#101&#105&#110&#101&#114&#41&#46 &#76&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#97&#114&#101&#13&#10&#105&#110&#100&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#98&#121 black &#100&#111&#116&#115&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#50&#50&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#98&#111&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97&#13&#10&#114&#104&#105&#122&#111&#109&#111&#114&#112&#104&#115 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#110&#13&#10&#119&#101&#116 cardboard. Figure 24 - Psilocybe cyanescens at &#97 &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#40&#85&#83&#65&#41&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 25 - Psilocybe bohemica &#111&#110 &#116&#119&#105&#103&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#108&#101&#97&#118&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#73&#109&#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#105&#118&#101 Experiences Psilocybe bohemica is a very psychoactive species. Its effects are vividly documented in the following account of one natural scientist's experience as part of controlled clinical &#116&#114&#105&#97&#108&#115 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#80&#114&#97&#103&#117&#101&#58&#13&#10&#65&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#51&#48 &#109&#103 of psilocybin &#105&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#13&#10&#116&#105&#115&#115&#117&#101 &#119&#97&#115 &#112&#114&#101&#112&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#105&#110 hot water, with effects already &#110&#111&#116&#105&#99&#101&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#116&#101&#110 &#109&#105&#110&#117&#116&#101&#115 &#97&#102&#116&#101&#114 &#105&#110&#103&#101&#115&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 I grew increasingly quiet.<br> At first, my legs began to tingle, then my underarms as well. Aside from a deeper breathing &#114&#104&#121&#116&#104&#109&#44 &#102&#101&#119 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#115&#111&#109&#97&#116&#105&#99 effects were noted. Initially there &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#102&#105&#116&#115 &#111&#102 &#108&#97&#117&#103&#104&#116&#101&#114&#13&#10&#99&#97&#117&#115&#101&#100 by unusual cognitive associations; &#116&#104&#105&#115&#13&#10&#108&#97&#117&#103&#104&#116&#101&#114 &#97&#108&#115&#111 &#97&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 two &#34&#115&#111&#98&#101&#114&#34 &#103&#117&#105&#100&#101&#115&#46 &#65&#13&#10&#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#104&#121&#112&#101&#114&#97&#99&#117&#105&#116&#121 interfered with the ability to listen &#116&#111 &#109&#117&#115&#105&#99&#44 &#115&#111 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#86&#105&#118&#97&#108&#100&#105&#39&#115 "Springtime" caused painful &#115&#116&#97&#98&#115 &#105&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#114&#97&#105&#110&#46 I compared the pain to that caused &#98&#121 &#97 &#34&#115&#97&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#107&#110&#105&#102&#101&#34&#46 The experimenters appeared bloated and &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#46&#46&#46&#13&#10&#69&#120&#105&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#98&#111&#100&#105&#108&#121 &#99&#104&#97&#114&#97&#99&#116&#101&#114&#105&#115&#116&#105&#99&#115&#44 &#115&#117&#99&#104 as thinning hair stimulated a person's illusionary transformation into a monk &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#111&#110&#115&#117&#114&#101&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#105&#114&#13&#10&#118&#111&#105&#99&#101&#115 &#97&#108&#115&#111 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#114&#101&#118&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116 and, from a somewhat paranoid point &#111&#102 &#118&#105&#101&#119&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#103&#101&#110&#116&#108&#101&#109&#101&#110&#13&#10&#97&#116 times seemed to be working a &#115&#119&#105&#116&#99&#104&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#116&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#116&#104&#97&#116&#44 &#102&#111&#114 &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#114&#101&#97&#115&#111&#110&#115&#44 was my enemy. At &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#97&#109&#101&#13&#10&#116&#105&#109&#101&#44 &#73 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 both &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#109 &#116&#111 &#98&#101 quite likeable.<br> During this time period, the other female &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#13&#10&#112&#101&#114&#99&#101&#105&#118&#101&#100 &#102&#97&#110&#116&#97&#115&#116&#105&#99 &#105&#109&#97&#103&#101&#115 &#111&#102 moving &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#115 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#115&#97&#119 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#102 her whole life &#117&#110&#102&#111&#108&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#98&#101&#104&#105&#110&#100&#13&#10&#99&#108&#111&#115&#101&#100 &#101&#121&#101&#115&#46 &#68&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#105&#115 period, I had the distinct impression that an electrical current was flowing through my body, which was not an uncomfortable sensation. About three hours later, the gentlemen retired to the &#107&#105&#116&#99&#104&#101&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101 of &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#99&#104&#97&#110&#103&#101&#100 &#113&#117&#105&#116&#101 &#100&#114&#97&#115&#116&#105&#99&#97&#108&#108&#121&#46&#13&#10&#65&#116 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#73 felt as if &#109&#121 &#108&#101&#103&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#105&#110&#99&#114&#101&#97&#115&#105&#110&#103&#108&#121&#13&#10&#109&#101&#114&#103&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 wall, a very comfortable experience.<br> In &#97 &#115&#116&#97&#116&#101 &#111&#102 &#117&#116&#116&#101&#114 clarity of consciousness, I finally felt as if I had no body at all. I said. "The most descriptive &#101&#120&#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#111&#102 a pure soul". Using words as triggers, we were able to induce shared experiences o </p> It has been suggested by an Australian physician that the general public in Australia, as well as members of its drug using subculture, first became aware of the visionary properties of these psychoactive mushrooms by a visiting surfer(s), who came from either New Zealand or the United States (Hawaii) and most likely provided ethnomycological information to local surfers (McCarthy, 1971). This physician reported that the use of psychoactive mushrooms, as well as 21 other drugs "was well demonstrated during a survey on drug abuse that was conducted in Southern Queensland during l969." This survey relied on interviews of 51 people belonging to "the `surfer' subculture local beach resorts". In this report, the doctor believed that "although the survey involved surfers and their female friends, there is no suggestion that the use of these drugs is confined to this group, which constitutes but a proportion of our (Australian) young drug taking community." It is thus likely that word-of-mouth communication made a significant contribution to the increasing use of "magic mushrooms" in Australia and NZ. </p> <h1 id="cross-browser">the ways to do shrooms @ 3/12/2010 3:42:51 AM</h1> <p></p> <h1 id="stylesheets">"muscaria vs. psilocybe"</h1> <p>More than half of Australia's beef cattle can be found in the coastal areas of Queensland and New South Wales; and the 20 to 30 inch (500-750mm) rainfall belt of Queensland, New South Wales and Northern Victoria, generally provide adequate climatic environments for the growth of psilocybian mushrooms, especially after heavy rains. It has been suggested that "Psilocybe cubensis was introduced into Australia accidentally by early settlers along with their livestock." This same spore dispersal mechanism also probably applies to Copelandia cyanescens, Panaeolus subbalteatus and several additional species known to occur in or around the dung of other ruminants. This includes Psilocybe semilanceata and the non-hallucinogenic "haymaker's" mushroom Panaeolina foenisecii. While cattle are raised in all Australian states, as well as in the central lowlands, recreational users have been known to export these psychoptic species to various areas in Australia from areas where they were collected. In the case of New Zealand, hereafter referred to as NZ, cattle are the primary source for Copelandia cyanescens, but the "liberty cap" mushroom Psilocybe semilanceata only grows in the manured soil of four-legged ruminants and not directly from manure (Jansen, Pers. Comm., 1988). The identification section of this guide documents reported locations for more than 1 dozen species of psilocybian mushrooms in Australia and NZ which most likely have been used at one time or another for recreational purposes. <div align="left"> It has been suggested by an &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110 &#112&#104&#121&#115&#105&#99&#105&#97&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 general public in Australia, as well as <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/psilocybin+location+USA.php" title="Psilocybin Location Usa" alt="Psilocybin Location Usa" >Psilocybin Location Usa</a> members of &#105&#116&#115 &#100&#114&#117&#103 &#117&#115&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#117&#98&#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#44 first became &#97&#119&#97&#114&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#97&#114&#121 properties of these &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#98&#121 &#97 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 surfer(s), &#119&#104&#111 &#99&#97&#109&#101 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#101&#105&#116&#104&#101&#114 New Zealand or the United States (Hawaii) &#97&#110&#100 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121 &#112&#114&#111&#118&#105&#100&#101&#100 ethnomycological information &#116&#111 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#108 &#115&#117&#114&#102&#101&#114&#115 &#40&#77&#99&#67&#97&#114&#116&#104&#121&#44 1971). This physician reported that &#116&#104&#101 &#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/psilocybin+location+USA.php" title="Psilocybin Location Usa" alt="Psilocybin Location Usa" >Psilocybin Location Usa</a> mushrooms, as well as 21 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 Boomers &#100&#114&#117&#103&#115 &#34&#119&#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108 demonstrated during a survey on drug abuse that was conducted in Southern Queensland during l969.<br>" This survey relied on interviews of 51 people belonging to "the `surfer' subculture local beach resorts". In this report, the doctor believed that "although the survey involved surfers and their female friends, there is &#110&#111 &#115&#117&#103&#103&#101&#115&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 use of these drugs is confined to &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#103&#114&#111&#117&#112&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#116&#105&#116&#117&#116&#101&#115 but a proportion of our (Australian) young drug taking &#99&#111&#109&#109&#117&#110&#105&#116&#121&#46&#34 &#73&#116 &#105&#115 &#116&#104&#117&#115 likely that &#119&#111&#114&#100&#45&#111&#102&#45&#109&#111&#117&#116&#104 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#117&#110&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#109&#97&#100&#101 &#97 significant contribution to the &#105&#110&#99&#114&#101&#97&#115&#105&#110&#103 &#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#34&#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 mushrooms" in Australia and NZ. </div> In addition, many early users of "magic mushrooms" in Australia may have first become aware of their mind-altering and &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#97&#114&#121 &#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115 &#98&#121 &#114&#101&#97&#100&#105&#110&#103 the published &#108&#105&#116&#101&#114&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101 &#111&#114 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#110&#121 news items appearing in the popular Australian press during the late l960's and early l970's.<br> &#84&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#110&#101&#119&#115 &#105&#116&#101&#109&#115 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 described both &#97&#99&#99&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116&#97&#108 &#97&#110&#100 &#100&#101&#108&#105&#98&#101&#114&#97&#116&#101 &#105&#110&#116&#111&#120&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#39&#115 which resulted from the &#105&#110&#103&#101&#115&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#118&#97&#114&#105&#101&#116&#105&#101&#115 of &#34&#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#34&#46 &#70&#111&#114 &#101&#120&#97&#109&#112&#108&#101&#44 in 1972, one local newspaper report &#112&#114&#111&#118&#105&#100&#101&#100 &#97&#110 &#97&#99&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116 &#114&#101&#103&#97&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 the use of these mushrooms by young teenagers at a local high school in Brisbane: "...children at a suburban school are getting <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/panaeolus+subbalteatus+habitat.php" title="Habitat Archives Habitat Archives Panaeolus" alt="Habitat Archives Habitat Archives Panaeolus" >Habitat Archives Habitat Archives Panaeolus</a> high on mushrooms called 'Gold Tops.' The mushrooms are common along the Brisbane &#82&#105&#118&#101&#114 &#110&#101&#97&#114 &#84&#111&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#72&#105&#103&#104 School, and children in search of `kicks' &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#109&#101&#110&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#119&#105&#116&#104 them (Unsigned, 1972).<br>" &#73&#116 &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#98&#101 &#118&#101&#114&#121 obvious to anyone who read this above mentioned &#110&#101&#119&#115 &#105&#116&#101&#109&#44 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#105&#116 appeared &#105&#110 &#112&#114&#105&#110&#116&#44 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104&#105&#110&#103 for hallucinogenic mushrooms &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#98&#101 &#97&#98&#108&#101 &#116&#111 find them &#105&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#115&#111 &#100&#101&#115&#105&#114&#101&#100&#46 There is &#121&#101&#116 &#97&#110&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#102&#97&#99&#116&#111&#114 &#116&#104&#97&#116 may &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#112&#108&#97&#121&#101&#100 &#97 &#115&#105&#103&#110&#105&#102&#105&#99&#97&#110&#116 role in promoting interest in the use of &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 and NZ. Some drug &#117&#115&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#114 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#108&#105&#99 &#105&#110&#100&#105&#118&#105&#100&#117&#97&#108&#115 may have read &#111&#114 &#104&#101&#97&#114&#100 &#111&#102 &#82&#46 &#71&#111&#114&#100&#111&#110 Wasson's personal &#97&#99&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116 &#111&#102 &#104&#105&#115 &#97&#100&#118&#101&#110&#116&#117&#114&#111&#117&#115 rediscovery of an &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#99&#117&#108&#116 &#97&#109&#111&#110&#103 the Mazatec Indians of &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104&#101&#114&#110 &#77&#101&#120&#105&#99&#111&#46 &#68&#114&#46 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/inocybe+aeruginascens/welcome+to+magic+mushrooms+net.php" title="Inocybe Aeruginascens Welcome To Magic Mushrooms Net" alt="Inocybe Aeruginascens Welcome To Magic Mushrooms Net" >Inocybe Aeruginascens Welcome To Magic Mushrooms Net</a> &#87&#97&#115&#115&#111&#110 reported &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#101&#114&#101&#109&#111&#110&#105&#97&#108 &#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#99&#101&#114&#116&#97&#105&#110 mushrooms as divinatory substances among &#116&#104&#101 &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#101&#99&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 native peoples &#105&#110 &#79&#97&#120&#97&#99&#97&#44 &#77&#101&#120&#105&#99&#111 &#40&#115&#101&#101 Wasson, 1957). This journalistic report of Wasson's research expedition appeared in &#97&#110 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#110&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#101&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 Life Magazine in the late l950's, &#112&#114&#111&#118&#105&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#109&#97&#110&#121 &#100&#114&#117&#103 &#117&#115&#101&#114&#115 and others with the incentive to &#115&#101&#101&#107 &#111&#117&#116&#44 &#102&#105&#110&#100&#44 &#97&#110&#100 eventually experiment with &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#46 <p align="justify"> several members of a family eat the &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#116&#111&#103&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#58 &#105&#116 &#105&#115 not uncommon for &#97 &#102&#97&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#109&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#99&#104&#105&#108&#100&#114&#101&#110&#44 &#117&#110&#99&#108&#101&#115&#44 and aunts to all participate in &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#102&#111&#114&#109&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 mind that elevate &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115 &#111&#110&#116&#111 &#97 &#104&#105&#103&#104&#101&#114 plan. The kinship relation is thus the basis &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#99&#101&#110&#100&#101&#110&#116&#97&#108 &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#105&#118&#105&#116&#121 that &#72&#117&#115&#115&#101&#114&#108 &#115&#97&#105&#100 &#105&#115 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#105&#118&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#84&#104&#101 mushrooms themselves are eaten in pairs, a couple representing man and &#119&#111&#109&#97&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#115&#121&#109&#98&#111&#108&#105&#122&#101&#115 &#116&#104&#101 dual &#112&#114&#105&#110&#99&#105&#112&#108&#101 &#111&#102 &#112&#114&#111&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#97&#110&#100 creation. Then they &#115&#105&#116 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/paul+stamets/psilocybe+heimii.php" title="Paul Stamets Psilocybe Heimii" alt="Paul Stamets Psilocybe Heimii" >Paul Stamets Psilocybe Heimii</a> &#116&#111&#103&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#105&#110&#110&#101&#114 &#108&#105&#103&#104&#116&#44 dream &#97&#110&#100 &#114&#101&#97&#108&#105&#122&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#111&#110&#118&#101&#114&#115&#101 with &#101&#97&#99&#104 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#115&#101&#97&#116&#101&#100 there together, their bodies immaterialized by the &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#110&#101&#115&#115&#44 &#118&#111&#105&#99&#101&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#119&#105&#116&#104&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#117&#110&#97&#108&#105&#116&#121&#46 In a general &#115&#101&#110&#115&#101&#44 &#102&#111&#114 &#101&#118&#101&#114&#121&#111&#110&#101 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#116 the purpose of the session is a therapeutic catharsis. The chemicals of transformation of revelation that &#111&#112&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#105&#114&#99&#117&#105&#116&#115 &#111&#102 light, vision, and communication, &#99&#97&#108&#108&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#117&#115 &#109&#105&#110&#100&#45&#109&#97&#110&#105&#102&#101&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103&#44 were known to the American Indians as medicines: the &#109&#101&#97&#110&#115 &#103&#105&#118&#101&#110 &#116&#111 &#109&#101&#110 &#116&#111 &#107&#110&#111&#119 and to heal, to see and to say the truth. &#65&#109&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#101&#99&#115&#44 &#109&#97&#110&#121&#44 one time or another during their lives, have eaten the mushrooms, whether to cure &#116&#104&#101&#109&#115&#101&#108&#118&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#97&#110 &#97&#105&#108&#109&#101&#110&#116 or to &#114&#101&#115&#111&#108&#118&#101 &#97 &#112&#114&#111&#98&#108&#101&#109&#59 &#98&#117&#116 it &#105&#115 &#110&#111&#116 &#101&#118&#101&#114&#121&#111&#110&#101 &#119&#104&#111 &#104&#97&#115 a predilection for such extreme and &#97&#114&#100&#117&#111&#117&#115 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 creative imagination or who would want to repeat such journeys into &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#114&#97&#110&#103&#101&#44 &#117&#110&#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#100&#101&#112&#116&#104&#115 of the brain very frequently: &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#119&#104&#111 &#100&#111 &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101 shamans, the masters, whose vocation it is to eat the mushrooms because they are the men of the spirit, the men of language, the men &#111&#102 &#119&#105&#115&#100&#111&#109&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#114&#101 individuals recognized by their people to be expert &#105&#110 &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#97&#100&#118&#101&#110&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115&#44 and &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#115 &#101&#97&#116 the mushrooms &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#108&#119&#97&#121&#115 &#99&#97&#108&#108 &#116&#111 be with them, as &#97 &#103&#117&#105&#100&#101&#44 &#111&#110&#101 &#111&#102 those who is considered to be particularly acquainted with these modalities of the spirit. The medicine man presides over the session, for just as the Mazatec family is paternal and authoritarian, the &#108&#105&#98&#101&#114&#97&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#117&#110&#102&#111&#108&#100&#115 &#105&#110 the authoritarian context of &#97 &#115&#105&#116&#117&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#110 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104&#44 rather than being allowed to speak or encouraged to express themselves, &#101&#118&#101&#114&#121&#111&#110&#101 &#105&#115 &#101&#110&#106&#111&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#116&#111 keep silent and listen while the shaman speaks for each of those who are &#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#116&#46 &#65&#115 &#111&#110&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 Spanish chroniclers &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#78&#101&#119 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100 said: "They pay a sorcerer who eats them the &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#93 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#101&#108&#108&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#109 what they have taught him. He does &#115&#111 &#98&#121 &#109&#101&#97&#110&#115 &#111&#102 &#97 rhythmic &#99&#104&#97&#110&#116 &#105&#110 &#102&#117&#108&#108 &#118&#111&#105&#99&#101&#46&#34&#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108 <i>how to pick shrooms</i> &#109&#101&#109&#98&#101&#114&#115 of &#97 &#102&#97&#109&#105&#108&#121 &#101&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 mushrooms &#116&#111&#103&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#58 &#105&#116 &#105&#115 &#110&#111&#116 uncommon for a father, mother, children, uncles, and &#97&#117&#110&#116&#115 &#116&#111 &#97&#108&#108 &#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#105&#112&#97&#116&#101 in these transformations of &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#105&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#101&#108&#101&#118&#97&#116&#101 consciousness onto a higher plan. The &#107&#105&#110&#115&#104&#105&#112 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#115 &#116&#104&#117&#115 the basis of &#116&#104&#101 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#99&#101&#110&#100&#101&#110&#116&#97&#108 &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#105&#118&#105&#116&#121 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#72&#117&#115&#115&#101&#114&#108 said is intersubjectivity.<br> &#84&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#109&#115&#101&#108&#118&#101&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#101&#97&#116&#101&#110 in pairs, a couple representing man and woman that symbolizes the &#100&#117&#97&#108 &#112&#114&#105&#110&#99&#105&#112&#108&#101 &#111&#102 &#112&#114&#111&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 and creation. Then they sit together in their inner light, dream &#97&#110&#100 &#114&#101&#97&#108&#105&#122&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#111&#110&#118&#101&#114&#115&#101 &#119&#105&#116&#104 each other, presences seated there together, their bodies immaterialized &#98&#121 &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#110&#101&#115&#115&#44 &#118&#111&#105&#99&#101&#115 from without their communality. In a general sense, for everyone present the purpose of &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#101&#115&#115&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#115 &#97 therapeutic catharsis. &#84&#104&#101 &#99&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97&#108&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#102&#111&#114&#109&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 of revelation that open &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#105&#114&#99&#117&#105&#116&#115 &#111&#102 &#108&#105&#103&#104&#116&#44 vision, and communication, called by us &#109&#105&#110&#100&#45&#109&#97&#110&#105&#102&#101&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103&#44 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111 the American Indians as medicines: the means given &#116&#111 &#109&#101&#110 &#116&#111 &#107&#110&#111&#119 &#97&#110&#100 to heal, to see &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#111 &#115&#97&#121 &#116&#104&#101 truth. Among the Mazatecs, many, one time or another &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#108&#105&#118&#101&#115&#44 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#101&#97&#116&#101&#110 the &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#44 &#119&#104&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#116&#111 &#99&#117&#114&#101 themselves of an ailment &#111&#114 &#116&#111 &#114&#101&#115&#111&#108&#118&#101 &#97 problem; but it &#105&#115 &#110&#111&#116 &#101&#118&#101&#114&#121&#111&#110&#101 &#119&#104&#111 has a predilection for such extreme and arduous experiences of &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#105&#109&#97&#103&#105&#110&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#114 &#119&#104&#111 would want to repeat such &#106&#111&#117&#114&#110&#101&#121&#115 &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#114&#97&#110&#103&#101&#44 unknown depths of the brain &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#102&#114&#101&#113&#117&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121&#58 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#119&#104&#111 do are &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#104&#97&#109&#97&#110&#115&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#115&#116&#101&#114&#115&#44 whose vocation it is to &#101&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#98&#101&#99&#97&#117&#115&#101 they are the &#109&#101&#110 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#105&#114&#105&#116&#44 the men of &#108&#97&#110&#103&#117&#97&#103&#101&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#101&#110 &#111&#102 wisdom. They are &#105&#110&#100&#105&#118&#105&#100&#117&#97&#108&#115 &#114&#101&#99&#111&#103&#110&#105&#122&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 people to be expert in &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#97&#100&#118&#101&#110&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115&#44 &#97&#110&#100 when the others eat the mushrooms &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#108&#119&#97&#121&#115 &#99&#97&#108&#108 &#116&#111 be with them, <i>how to pick shrooms</i> as a guide, one of those who is considered to be particularly acquainted &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#111&#100&#97&#108&#105&#116&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#102 the spirit.<br> The medicine man presides &#111&#118&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#101&#115&#115&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#102&#111&#114 just &#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#101&#99 &#102&#97&#109&#105&#108&#121 &#105&#115 paternal and authoritarian, the liberating experience &#117&#110&#102&#111&#108&#100&#115 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#97&#117&#116&#104&#111&#114&#105&#116&#97&#114&#105&#97&#110 context &#111&#102 &#97 &#115&#105&#116&#117&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#110 which, rather than &#98&#101&#105&#110&#103 &#97&#108&#108&#111&#119&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#115&#112&#101&#97&#107 or encouraged to express themselves, everyone is enjoined to keep silent and listen while the shaman &#115&#112&#101&#97&#107&#115 &#102&#111&#114 &#101&#97&#99&#104 &#111&#102 those who are &#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#116&#46 &#65&#115 &#111&#110&#101 &#111&#102 the early Spanish &#99&#104&#114&#111&#110&#105&#99&#108&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#78&#101&#119 World &#115&#97&#105&#100&#58 &#34&#84&#104&#101&#121 &#112&#97&#121 &#97 sorcerer who eats them the mushrooms] and tells &#116&#104&#101&#109 &#119&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 taught &#104&#105&#109&#46 &#72&#101 &#100&#111&#101&#115 &#115&#111 by means &#111&#102 &#97 &#114&#104&#121&#116&#104&#109&#105&#99 &#99&#104&#97&#110&#116 in &#102&#117&#108&#108 &#118&#111&#105&#99&#101&#46&#34&#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#109&#101&#109&#98&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#102 a family eat the mushrooms together: it is not uncommon for a father, mother, children, &#117&#110&#99&#108&#101&#115&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#117&#110&#116&#115 &#116&#111 all participate in these transformations of the mind that &#101&#108&#101&#118&#97&#116&#101 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115 &#111&#110&#116&#111 &#97 higher plan. The kinship relation is thus the basis of the transcendental subjectivity that &#72&#117&#115&#115&#101&#114&#108 &#115&#97&#105&#100 &#105&#115 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#105&#118&#105&#116&#121&#46 The mushrooms &#116&#104&#101&#109&#115&#101&#108&#118&#101&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#101&#97&#116&#101&#110 &#105&#110 pairs, a couple representing man and woman that symbolizes the dual principle of &#112&#114&#111&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#121 sit &#116&#111&#103&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#105&#110&#110&#101&#114 light, dream &#97&#110&#100 &#114&#101&#97&#108&#105&#122&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#111&#110&#118&#101&#114&#115&#101 &#119&#105&#116&#104 each other, presences &#115&#101&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#116&#111&#103&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#98&#111&#100&#105&#101&#115 immaterialized &#98&#121 &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#110&#101&#115&#115&#44 &#118&#111&#105&#99&#101&#115 from without their communality. In a general sense, &#102&#111&#114 &#101&#118&#101&#114&#121&#111&#110&#101 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#116 &#116&#104&#101 purpose of the session is a therapeutic catharsis. The chemicals of transformation of revelation that open the circuits of light, vision, and communication, called by us mind-manifesting, were known to the American Indians as medicines: the &#109&#101&#97&#110&#115 &#103&#105&#118&#101&#110 &#116&#111 &#109&#101&#110 to know and to &#104&#101&#97&#108&#44 &#116&#111 &#115&#101&#101 &#97&#110&#100 to say the truth. &#65&#109&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#101&#99&#115&#44 &#109&#97&#110&#121&#44 one time or another during &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#108&#105&#118&#101&#115&#44 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#101&#97&#116&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 mushrooms, whether &#116&#111 &#99&#117&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#109&#115&#101&#108&#118&#101&#115 &#111&#102 an ailment or to resolve a &#112&#114&#111&#98&#108&#101&#109&#59 &#98&#117&#116 &#105&#116 &#105&#115 not <H2>how to pick shrooms</H2> everyone &#119&#104&#111 &#104&#97&#115 &#97 &#112&#114&#101&#100&#105&#108&#101&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#102&#111&#114 such extreme and arduous &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101 imagination &#111&#114 &#119&#104&#111 &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#119&#97&#110&#116 to repeat such journeys into the &#115&#116&#114&#97&#110&#103&#101&#44 &#117&#110&#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#100&#101&#112&#116&#104&#115 &#111&#102 the <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/gold+top+mushrooms.php" title="Gold Top Mushrooms" alt="Gold Top Mushrooms" >Gold Top Mushrooms</a> brain &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#102&#114&#101&#113&#117&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121&#58 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#119&#104&#111 do are the shamans, the masters, whose vocation &#105&#116 &#105&#115 &#116&#111 &#101&#97&#116 the mushrooms because &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#101&#110 of the spirit, the men of language, the men of wisdom. &#84&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#114&#101 &#105&#110&#100&#105&#118&#105&#100&#117&#97&#108&#115 &#114&#101&#99&#111&#103&#110&#105&#122&#101&#100 by their people to be &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#116 &#105&#110 &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108 adventures, and when the others eat the &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#108&#119&#97&#121&#115 &#99&#97&#108&#108 to be with them, as a guide, &#111&#110&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#119&#104&#111 is considered to be particularly acquainted &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#111&#100&#97&#108&#105&#116&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#102 the spirit.<br> The medicine &#109&#97&#110 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#105&#100&#101&#115 &#111&#118&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#101 session, for just as &#116&#104&#101 &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#101&#99 &#102&#97&#109&#105&#108&#121 &#105&#115 &#112&#97&#116&#101&#114&#110&#97&#108 and authoritarian, the &#108&#105&#98&#101&#114&#97&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#117&#110&#102&#111&#108&#100&#115 &#105&#110 the authoritarian context of &#97 &#115&#105&#116&#117&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#110 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104&#44 rather than &#98&#101&#105&#110&#103 &#97&#108&#108&#111&#119&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#115&#112&#101&#97&#107 or &#101&#110&#99&#111&#117&#114&#97&#103&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#101&#120&#112&#114&#101&#115&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#109&#115&#101&#108&#118&#101&#115&#44 everyone is enjoined to keep silent and listen while the shaman speaks for each of &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#119&#104&#111 &#97&#114&#101 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#116&#46 As one of the early Spanish chroniclers of the New World said: "They pay a sorcerer who eats them the mushrooms and tells them what they have taught him. He does so &#98&#121 &#109&#101&#97&#110&#115 &#111&#102 &#97 &#114&#104&#121&#116&#104&#109&#105&#99 chant in full voice."several members of a family eat the mushrooms &#116&#111&#103&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#58 &#105&#116 &#105&#115 &#110&#111&#116 uncommon for a &#102&#97&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#109&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#99&#104&#105&#108&#100&#114&#101&#110&#44 &#117&#110&#99&#108&#101&#115&#44 and aunts to all &#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#105&#112&#97&#116&#101 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#102&#111&#114&#109&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 of the mind that elevate &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115 &#111&#110&#116&#111 &#97 &#104&#105&#103&#104&#101&#114 plan. The kinship &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#115 &#116&#104&#117&#115 &#116&#104&#101 basis of the transcendental subjectivity that &#72&#117&#115&#115&#101&#114&#108 &#115&#97&#105&#100 &#105&#115 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#105&#118&#105&#116&#121&#46 The &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#109&#115&#101&#108&#118&#101&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#101&#97&#116&#101&#110 in pairs, &#97 &#99&#111&#117&#112&#108&#101 &#114&#101&#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#109&#97&#110 and woman that &#115&#121&#109&#98&#111&#108&#105&#122&#101&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#117&#97&#108 &#112&#114&#105&#110&#99&#105&#112&#108&#101 of &#112&#114&#111&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#121 sit together &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#105&#110&#110&#101&#114 &#108&#105&#103&#104&#116&#44 dream and realize and converse with each other, presences seated there &#116&#111&#103&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#98&#111&#100&#105&#101&#115 &#105&#109&#109&#97&#116&#101&#114&#105&#97&#108&#105&#122&#101&#100 by the blackness, voices &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#119&#105&#116&#104&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#117&#110&#97&#108&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#73&#110 a general &#115&#101&#110&#115&#101&#44 &#102&#111&#114 &#101&#118&#101&#114&#121&#111&#110&#101 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#116 the purpose of &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#101&#115&#115&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#115 &#97 therapeutic catharsis. The chemicals of transformation of &#114&#101&#118&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#111&#112&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 circuits of light, &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#117&#110&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#99&#97&#108&#108&#101&#100 by us mind-manifesting, were &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97&#110 Indians as medicines: the means &#103&#105&#118&#101&#110 &#116&#111 &#109&#101&#110 &#116&#111 &#107&#110&#111&#119 &#97&#110&#100 to &#104&#101&#97&#108&#44 &#116&#111 &#115&#101&#101 &#97&#110&#100 to say &#116&#104&#101 &#116&#114&#117&#116&#104&#46 &#65&#109&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 Mazatecs, many, one time or another during their lives, have eaten the mushrooms, whether to cure themselves of an ailment or &#116&#111 &#114&#101&#115&#111&#108&#118&#101 &#97 &#112&#114&#111&#98&#108&#101&#109&#59 but it is not everyone who has a &#112&#114&#101&#100&#105&#108&#101&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#102&#111&#114 &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#101&#120&#116&#114&#101&#109&#101 &#97&#110&#100 arduous experiences &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#105&#109&#97&#103&#105&#110&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 or who would want to repeat &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#106&#111&#117&#114&#110&#101&#121&#115 &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 strange, unknown depths of the brain very frequently: those &#119&#104&#111 &#100&#111 &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101 shamans, the masters, whose &#118&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#116 &#105&#115 &#116&#111 eat the mushrooms because they &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#101&#110 &#111&#102 the spirit, the men of language, the &#109&#101&#110 &#111&#102 &#119&#105&#115&#100&#111&#109&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#121 are &#105&#110&#100&#105&#118&#105&#100&#117&#97&#108&#115 &#114&#101&#99&#111&#103&#110&#105&#122&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 people to be expert in &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#97&#100&#118&#101&#110&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115&#44 &#97&#110&#100 when the others eat the mushrooms they always call to be with them, as a guide, one of &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#119&#104&#111 &#105&#115 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101&#114&#101&#100 to be &#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#97&#99&#113&#117&#97&#105&#110&#116&#101&#100 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 modalities of the spirit. The medicine man presides over the &#115&#101&#115&#115&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#102&#111&#114 &#106&#117&#115&#116 &#97&#115 the Mazatec &#102&#97&#109&#105&#108&#121 &#105&#115 &#112&#97&#116&#101&#114&#110&#97&#108 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#117&#116&#104&#111&#114&#105&#116&#97&#114&#105&#97&#110&#44 the &#108&#105&#98&#101&#114&#97&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#117&#110&#102&#111&#108&#100&#115 &#105&#110 the authoritarian context of a situation in which, rather than being allowed to speak &#111&#114 &#101&#110&#99&#111&#117&#114&#97&#103&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#101&#120&#112&#114&#101&#115&#115 themselves, &#101&#118&#101&#114&#121&#111&#110&#101 &#105&#115 &#101&#110&#106&#111&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#116&#111 keep silent and listen while the shaman speaks for each of those who are present.<br> As one of &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#83&#112&#97&#110&#105&#115&#104 &#99&#104&#114&#111&#110&#105&#99&#108&#101&#114&#115 of &#116&#104&#101 &#78&#101&#119 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100 &#115&#97&#105&#100&#58 "They pay a sorcerer &#119&#104&#111 &#101&#97&#116&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#109 &#116&#104&#101 mushrooms and tells them what they have taught him. He does so by means of a rhythmic chant in full voice." </p> several members of a family eat the mushrooms together: it is not uncommon for a father, mother, children, uncles, and aunts to all participate in these transformations of the mind that elevate consciousness onto a higher plan. The kinship relation is thus the basis of the transcendental subjectivity that Husserl said is intersubjectivity. The mushrooms themselves are eaten in pairs, a couple representing man and woman that symbolizes the dual principle of procreation and creation. Then they sit together in their inner light, dream and realize and converse with each other, presences seated there together, their bodies immaterialized by the blackness, voices from without their communality. In a general sense, for everyone present the purpose of the session is a therapeutic catharsis. The chemicals of transformation of revelation that open the circuits of light, vision, and communication, called by us mind-manifesting, were known to the American Indians as medicines: the means given to men to know and to heal, to see and to say the truth. Among the Mazatecs, many, one time or another during their lives, have eaten the mushrooms, whether to cure themselves of an ailment or to resolve a problem; but it is not everyone who has a predilection for such extreme and arduous experiences of the creative imagination or who would want to repeat such journeys into the strange, unknown depths of the brain very frequently: those who do are the shamans, the masters, whose vocation it is to eat the mushrooms because they are the men of the spirit, the men of language, the men of wisdom. They are individuals recognized by their people to be expert in such psychological adventures, and when the others eat the mushrooms they always call to be with them, as a guide, one of those who is considered to be particularly acquainted with these modalities of the spirit. The medicine man presides over the session, for just as the Mazatec family is paternal and authoritarian, the liberating experience unfolds in the authoritarian context of a situation in which, rather than being allowed to speak or encouraged to express themselves, everyone is enjoined to keep silent and listen while the shaman speaks for each of those who are present. As one of the early Spanish chroniclers of the New World said: "They pay a sorcerer who eats them the mushrooms] and tells them what they have taught him. He does so by means of a rhythmic chant in full voice." , and who gorge themselves on our tax dollars. I met Jochen Gartz shortly after the fall of the Berlin &#87&#97&#108&#108 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#116&#104&#105&#114&#100 symposium of the European College for &#116&#104&#101 &#83&#116&#117&#100&#121 &#111&#102 &#67&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#13&#10&#40&#69&#67&#83&#67&#41 in Freiburg, Germany. Our encounter was my first contact with a researcher from the former East Germany. &#74&#111&#99&#104&#101&#110 &#71&#97&#114&#116&#122&#39&#115 &#101&#110&#116&#104&#117&#115&#105&#97&#115&#116&#105&#99 &#108&#101&#99&#116&#117&#114&#101&#13&#10&#119&#97&#115 a truly consciousnessexpanding &#101&#118&#101&#110&#116&#44 &#104&#105&#115&#13&#10&#119&#111&#114&#100&#115 &#98&#114&#101&#97&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#100&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#114&#97&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#98&#111&#114&#100&#101&#114&#115 and crossing over into new &#116&#101&#114&#114&#105&#116&#111&#114&#121&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#115&#112&#111&#107&#101 through him - with no &#116&#114&#97&#99&#101 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#100&#111&#103&#109&#97 &#111&#114 &#105&#100&#101&#111&#108&#111&#103&#121 - in the tradition of &#116&#114&#117&#101 &#97&#110&#97&#114&#99&#104&#121 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#105&#115 the hallmark of mushroom magic.<br> What I heard was unbelievable. Jochen spoke of &#97 &#34&#110&#101&#119&#34 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#101&#100&#101&#108&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 its migration. The mycelia had spread in concentric circles outward &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#76&#101&#105&#112&#122&#105&#103&#44 &#106&#117&#109&#112&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#97&#108&#108 &#112&#111&#108&#105&#116&#105&#99&#97&#108 borders.<br> Finally, when the mycelia reached West German soil, &#116&#104&#101 &#104&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#66&#101&#114&#108&#105&#110 &#87&#97&#108&#108&#13&#10&#99&#114&#117&#109&#98&#108&#101&#100&#46 &#67&#111&#117&#108&#100 there possibly be a &#99&#111&#110&#110&#101&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#98&#101&#116&#119&#101&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#118&#111&#108&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 the magic mushroom &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#101&#118&#111&#108&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#111&#117&#114 consciousness? Could a mushroom have contributed &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#114&#101&#115&#111&#108&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#111&#117&#114 political conflicts? In the past, politicians, &#101&#118&#101&#110 &#112&#111&#112&#101&#115&#44 &#104&#97&#100&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#111&#119&#110 jesters and &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#105&#97&#110&#115&#44 &#119&#104&#111 &#102&#117&#110&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110&#101&#100 &#97&#115&#13&#10&#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#117&#114&#101 release &#118&#97&#108&#118&#101&#115 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#99&#104&#105&#110&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 of political power struggles. It is obvious that a country whose &#99&#104&#97&#110&#99&#101&#108&#108&#111&#114 &#105&#115 &#98&#101&#105&#110&#103 &#112&#101&#108&#116&#101&#100 with eggs, &#117&#114&#103&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121 &#110&#101&#101&#100&#115 &#97 &#110&#101&#119 breed of magician who are able to readjust reality. But today, no aspiring magician should go about &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#116&#97&#115&#107 &#119&#105&#116&#104&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#105&#115&#13&#10&#98&#111&#111&#107 &#97&#115 a guide for the wondrous journey into &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#97&#108&#109 &#111&#102 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#46&#13&#10&#67&#104&#114&#105&#115&#116&#105&#97&#110 Rdtsch Figure 5 - &#34&#65&#110&#116&#104&#114&#111&#112&#111&#109&#111&#114&#112&#104&#105&#99 &#66&#101&#105&#110&#103&#115 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/driedshrooms.php" title="Driedshrooms" alt="Driedshrooms" >Driedshrooms</a> &#69&#110&#103&#97&#103&#101&#100 &#105&#110 Mushroom Dance" 10,000-year-old rock drawing in Tassili, &#83&#97&#104&#97&#114&#97 &#40&#65&#108&#103&#101&#114&#105&#97&#41&#13&#10&#67&#72&#65&#80&#84&#69&#82 &#49&#13&#10&#73 &#66&#69&#76&#73&#69&#86&#69 THE &#84&#73&#77&#69 &#72&#65&#83 &#67&#79&#77&#69 &#70&#79&#82 A &#67&#79&#77&#80&#82&#69&#72&#69&#78&#83&#73&#86&#69 &#82&#69&#86&#73&#69&#87 &#79&#70 &#78&#69&#87&#13&#10&#70&#73&#78&#68&#73&#78&#71&#83 FROM THE FIELDS OF MYCOLOGY, TAXONOMY AND NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY When R.G. Wasson, R. &#72&#101&#105&#109 &#97&#110&#100 &#65&#46&#13&#10&#72&#111&#102&#109&#97&#110&#110 &#98&#101&#103&#97&#110 their interdisciplinary research program to &#115&#116&#117&#100&#121 &#116&#104&#101 &#77&#101&#120&#105&#99&#97&#110 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 of mushrooms and &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#117&#115&#97&#103&#101 &#105&#110 &#77&#101&#120&#105&#99&#97&#110&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 cults, their &#101&#102&#102&#111&#114&#116&#115 &#99&#117&#108&#109&#105&#110&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#97&#13&#10&#49&#57&#53&#56 landmark report &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#105&#115&#111&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#44&#13&#10&#109&#111&#108&#101&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114 structure &#97&#110&#100 &#115&#121&#110&#116&#104&#101&#115&#105&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#39 active ingredients: psilocybin &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#105&#110&#46 &#83&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#121&#101&#97&#114&#115 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114&#44 these substances were &#97&#108&#115&#111 &#105&#100&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#97 species of &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#44 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#44 which &#98&#101&#99&#97&#109&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#105&#110 &#97 series of newly &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#83&#105&#110&#99&#101&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101&#110&#44 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 mushrooms from &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#13&#10&#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 with increasing frequency.<br> As &#112&#97&#114&#116 &#111&#102 &#109&#121 &#97&#110&#97&#108&#121&#116&#105&#99&#97&#108 work dedicated to the identification of naturally occurring chemicals, I had the good fortune &#116&#111 &#98&#101 &#112&#97&#114&#116 &#111&#102 a research team that studied alkaloids &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#105&#110 &#97&#13&#10&#118&#97&#114&#105&#101&#116&#121 &#111&#102 mushroom &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#78&#111&#119 &#73 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#101 the time has come for a comprehensive review of new &#102&#105&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 <b>in magic growing chips wood in mushrooms in</b> &#102&#105&#101&#108&#100&#115 of mycology, taxonomy and natural &#112&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#116&#115 &#99&#104&#101&#109&#105&#115&#116&#114&#121&#46&#13&#10&#87&#97&#115&#115&#111&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#104&#105&#115 successors &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#97&#108&#114&#101&#97&#100&#121 &#112&#114&#111&#118&#105&#100&#101&#100&#13&#10&#100&#101&#116&#97&#105&#108&#101&#100 &#97&#99&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#115 pertaining to the history and study of the Me <p align="center"> own cause of death and &#100&#105&#115&#101&#97&#115&#101&#44 &#98&#108&#111&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#115&#116&#111&#109&#97&#99&#104&#115 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#105&#110&#115&#97&#110&#105&#116&#121&#46 Beliefs such as these have &#115&#117&#114&#118&#105&#118&#101&#100 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#116 &#100&#97&#121&#46 They persist, for example,,, as figures of speech, s &#117 &#99 &#104 &#97&#115 the &#115&#108&#105&#99&#107 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#110&#13&#10&#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#112&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#97 societal &#109&#105&#115&#102&#105&#116 &#97&#115 &#115&#111&#109&#101&#111&#110&#101 &#34&#119&#104&#111&#13&#10&#97&#116&#101 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#109&#97&#100&#110&#101&#115&#115&#45&#105&#110&#100&#117&#99&#105&#110&#103 mushrooms." But, there &#105&#115 &#97&#110&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116&#44&#13&#10&#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 legacy as well. Flesh of the Gods for Devil Worshippers The Old &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100&#46 &#77&#121&#99&#101&#110&#97&#101&#97&#110 &#99&#105&#118&#105&#108&#105&#122&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#98&#101&#103&#97&#110 &#119&#105&#116&#104 a mushroom &#116&#114&#105&#112 &#45&#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101&#13&#10&#97&#110 &#105&#110&#103&#114&#101&#100&#105&#101&#110&#116 in the ambrosia of Dionysus. Porphyrius, the fourth century Latin poet and contemporary of Emperor &#75&#111&#110&#115&#116&#97&#110&#116&#105&#110&#44 &#107&#110&#101&#119&#13&#10&#116&#104&#97&#116 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 were &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#104&#105&#108&#100&#114&#101&#110 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#103&#111&#100&#115&#46&#13&#10&#87&#72&#79 WAS THE FIRST MAGICIAN? A quasi-cannibalistic ritual, the act of &#101&#97&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#99&#104&#105&#108&#100&#114&#101&#110 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 gods &#117&#110&#108&#111&#99&#107&#101&#100 &#111&#110&#101&#39&#115 &#112&#111&#119&#101&#114 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101 the truly divine. But not all mushrooms enable &#104&#117&#109&#97&#110 &#98&#101&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#116&#111 &#101&#110&#116&#101&#114 the realm of divine consciousness. &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#112&#111&#119&#101&#114&#13&#10&#114&#101&#115&#105&#100&#101&#115 &#105&#110 only &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#97&#115 "fool's mushrooms", &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#112&#111&#105&#115&#111&#110&#111&#117&#115&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 believed to &#98&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#97&#119&#110 &#111&#102 the Devil throughout the late Middle &#65&#103&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#105&#110&#116&#111&#13&#10&#109&#111&#100&#101&#114&#110 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 New World: The Aztecs in Mexico referred to a &#110&#117&#109&#98&#101&#114 &#111&#102 &#115&#109&#97&#108&#108&#44 &#105&#110&#99&#111&#110&#115&#112&#105&#99&#117&#111&#117&#115&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 as teonartacatl, &#111&#114 &#34&#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#71&#111&#100&#115&#46&#34 These &#115&#97&#99&#114&#101&#100 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#101&#97&#116&#101&#110&#13&#10&#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 the &#99&#111&#117&#114&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#114&#105&#116&#117&#97&#108&#115 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#110&#100&#101&#100 &#116&#111 contact the Gods in order to &#108&#101&#97&#114&#110 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#111&#114&#108&#100 and the realm &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#105&#118&#105&#110&#101&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#115&#101 magic mushroom rituals thoroughly spooked the &#67&#97&#116&#104&#111&#108&#105&#99&#13&#10&#83&#112&#97&#110&#105&#97&#114&#100&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#101&#97&#116&#101&#114&#115&#44 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110&#108&#121&#13&#10&#116&#104&#111&#117&#103&#104&#116 &#111&#102 as Devil worshippers, were hounded by the Inquisition. Still, all good things survive the tests of time, &#115&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#117&#108&#116 &#111&#102 magic mushroom eaters &#100&#105&#100 &#110&#111&#116 &#98&#101&#99&#111&#109&#101 &#101&#120&#116&#105&#110&#99&#116&#46 Like mycelia underground, the &#99&#117&#108&#116 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#117&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#102&#108&#111&#117&#114&#105&#115&#104&#44 and at the proper &#116&#105&#109&#101 &#105&#110 &#114&#101&#99&#111&#114&#100&#101&#100 &#104&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#121&#44 in 1957, the fruit of the fully grown mushroom re-surfaced to draw widespread public attention.<br> Valentine and Gordon Wasson became the heroes of the modern neo-mycophilic movement. Back to the &#79&#108&#100 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100&#58 &#84&#104&#101 &#114&#101&#118&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 insights gained from the use of psychoactive mushrooms were &#115&#111 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#119&#111&#110&#100&#101&#114&#102&#117&#108&#44 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#111&#117&#114 native European "fool's &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#34 &#45 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104&#13&#10&#119&#101&#114&#101 &#103&#101&#110&#101 &#59 considered inedible - had to be recognized &#97&#115 &#99&#108&#111&#115&#101&#108&#121 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 the magic mushrooms &#111&#102 &#77&#101&#120&#105&#99&#111&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 &#111&#102 the Aztec Gods. The souls of magic &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#105&#110 &#77&#101&#120&#105&#99&#111&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121 &#97&#114&#101 essentially &#109&#97&#100&#101 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#97&#109&#101&#13&#10&#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101&#58 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#46&#13&#10&#74&#111&#99&#104&#101&#110 Gartz has made &#97&#110 &#101&#120&#116&#114&#97&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#97&#114&#121&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 field of mycology by embracing Germany's magic mushrooms &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99&#13&#10&#115&#116&#117&#100&#121 &#97&#110&#100 testing of these fungi. The research efforts upon which this &#98&#111&#111&#107 &#105&#115 &#98&#97&#115&#101&#100 &#114&#101&#113&#117&#105&#114&#101&#13&#10&#110&#111&#116&#104&#105&#110&#103 &#108&#101&#115&#115 than &#97 &#102&#101&#97&#114&#108&#101&#115&#115&#44 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/identifyingshrooms.php" title="Identifyingshrooms" alt="Identifyingshrooms" >Identifyingshrooms</a> &#98&#114&#97&#118&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#111&#117&#114&#97&#103&#101&#111&#117&#115&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#44 free of prejudice and mycophobia. I am convinced that a &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104&#101&#114&#39&#115 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#13&#10&#105&#110&#102&#117&#115&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#116&#104&#101 spirit of the magic mushroom &#105&#115&#13&#10&#99&#97&#112&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#111&#102 &#102&#97&#114 &#100&#101&#101&#112&#101&#114 scientific insights &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#119&#101&#13&#10&#99&#97&#110 &#101&#118&#101&#114 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#99&#116 from the usual &#105&#118&#111&#114&#121 &#116&#111&#119&#101&#114&#13&#10&#97&#99&#97&#100&#101&#109&#105&#99&#115&#44 &#105&#115&#111&#108&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109 reality </p> </p> <p> &#111&#119&#110&#13&#10&#99&#97&#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#100&#101&#97&#116&#104 &#97&#110&#100 &#100&#105&#115&#101&#97&#115&#101&#44 bloated stomachs &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#105&#110&#115&#97&#110&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#66&#101&#108&#105&#101&#102&#115 &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#97&#115 these have survived to the &#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#116 &#100&#97&#121&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#121 &#112&#101&#114&#115&#105&#115&#116&#44 for example,,, as figures of speech, s u c h as the slick Austrian description of a &#115&#111&#99&#105&#101&#116&#97&#108 &#109&#105&#115&#102&#105&#116 &#97&#115 &#115&#111&#109&#101&#111&#110&#101 "who ate &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#109&#97&#100&#110&#101&#115&#115&#45&#105&#110&#100&#117&#99&#105&#110&#103 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#46&#34&#13&#10&#66&#117&#116&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 is another, very different, magic mushroom legacy as well. Flesh of the Gods for Devil Worshippers The &#79&#108&#100 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100&#46 &#77&#121&#99&#101&#110&#97&#101&#97&#110 &#99&#105&#118&#105&#108&#105&#122&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#98&#101&#103&#97&#110 &#119&#105&#116&#104 a mushroom trip -Mushrooms &#119&#101&#114&#101&#13&#10&#97&#110 &#105&#110&#103&#114&#101&#100&#105&#101&#110&#116 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 ambrosia of Dionysus. Porphyrius, &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#117&#114&#116&#104 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#117&#114&#121 &#76&#97&#116&#105&#110 poet and contemporary of Emperor Konstantin, knew that &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#104&#105&#108&#100&#114&#101&#110 of the gods. WHO WAS &#84&#72&#69 &#70&#73&#82&#83&#84 &#77&#65&#71&#73&#67&#73&#65&#78&#63&#13&#10&#65 &#113&#117&#97&#115&#105&#45&#99&#97&#110&#110&#105&#98&#97&#108&#105&#115&#116&#105&#99 ritual, the act of &#101&#97&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#99&#104&#105&#108&#100&#114&#101&#110 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 gods unlocked one's power to experience the &#116&#114&#117&#108&#121 &#100&#105&#118&#105&#110&#101&#46 &#66&#117&#116 &#110&#111&#116 all mushrooms enable human beings &#116&#111 &#101&#110&#116&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#97&#108&#109 &#111&#102 divine consciousness. This magic power resides &#105&#110 &#111&#110&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 known &#97&#115 &#34&#102&#111&#111&#108&#39&#115&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#34&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#119&#101&#114&#101 considered poisonous and believed &#116&#111 &#98&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#97&#119&#110 of &#116&#104&#101 &#68&#101&#118&#105&#108&#13&#10&#116&#104&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#97&#116&#101 Middle Ages and &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#105&#110&#116&#111&#13&#10&#109&#111&#100&#101&#114&#110 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#78&#101&#119 World: The Aztecs in Mexico referred to a number of small, inconspicuous mushrooms as teonartacatl, or "flesh of the Gods.<br>" These &#115&#97&#99&#114&#101&#100 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#101&#97&#116&#101&#110&#13&#10&#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 the &#99&#111&#117&#114&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#114&#105&#116&#117&#97&#108&#115 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#110&#100&#101&#100 &#116&#111 contact the Gods &#105&#110 &#111&#114&#100&#101&#114 &#116&#111 &#108&#101&#97&#114&#110 about the world and the realm of &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#105&#118&#105&#110&#101&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 mushroom rituals &#116&#104&#111&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 &#115&#112&#111&#111&#107&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#67&#97&#116&#104&#111&#108&#105&#99&#13&#10&#83&#112&#97&#110&#105&#97&#114&#100&#115&#46 The mushroom eaters, commonly thought &#111&#102 &#97&#115 <b>Buy Dipropyltryptamine</b> &#68&#101&#118&#105&#108 &#119&#111&#114&#115&#104&#105&#112&#112&#101&#114&#115&#44 were &#104&#111&#117&#110&#100&#101&#100&#13&#10&#98&#121 &#116&#104&#101 &#73&#110&#113&#117&#105&#115&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 &#83&#116&#105&#108&#108&#44 &#97&#108&#108 &#103&#111&#111&#100 things survive the tests &#111&#102 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#44 &#115&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#117&#108&#116 of magic mushroom eaters did &#110&#111&#116 &#98&#101&#99&#111&#109&#101 &#101&#120&#116&#105&#110&#99&#116&#46 &#76&#105&#107&#101 &#109&#121&#99&#101&#108&#105&#97&#13&#10&#117&#110&#100&#101&#114&#103&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100&#44 the cult continued &#116&#111 &#102&#108&#111&#117&#114&#105&#115&#104&#44 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 proper <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/supplies/buy+magic+mushroom+spore.php" title="Supplies Buy Magic Mushroom Spore" alt="Supplies Buy Magic Mushroom Spore" >Supplies Buy Magic Mushroom Spore</a> time in recorded history, in 1957, the fruit of &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#117&#108&#108&#121 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 re-surfaced to &#100&#114&#97&#119 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100 &#112&#117&#98&#108&#105&#99 &#97&#116&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 Valentine and Gordon Wasson became the heroes of the modern neo-mycophilic movement. Back to the &#79&#108&#100 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100&#58 &#84&#104&#101 &#114&#101&#118&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 insights gained from the use of psychoactive mushrooms were &#115&#111 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#119&#111&#110&#100&#101&#114&#102&#117&#108&#44 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#111&#117&#114 native European "fool's mushrooms" &#45 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104&#13&#10&#119&#101&#114&#101 &#103&#101&#110&#101 &#59 considered inedible &#45 &#104&#97&#100 &#116&#111 &#98&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#99&#111&#103&#110&#105&#122&#101&#100 as &#99&#108&#111&#115&#101&#108&#121 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 magic mushrooms &#111&#102 &#77&#101&#120&#105&#99&#111&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 of the Aztec Gods. The souls of magic mushrooms in Mexico and Germany are essentially made from the &#115&#97&#109&#101&#13&#10&#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101&#58 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#46&#13&#10&#74&#111&#99&#104&#101&#110 &#71&#97&#114&#116&#122 &#104&#97&#115 made &#97&#110 &#101&#120&#116&#114&#97&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#97&#114&#121&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 field of mycology by embracing Germany's magic mushrooms &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99&#13&#10&#115&#116&#117&#100&#121 &#97&#110&#100 testing of these &#102&#117&#110&#103&#105&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104&#13&#10&#101&#102&#102&#111&#114&#116&#115 &#117&#112&#111&#110 which this book &#105&#115 &#98&#97&#115&#101&#100 &#114&#101&#113&#117&#105&#114&#101&#13&#10&#110&#111&#116&#104&#105&#110&#103 &#108&#101&#115&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#110 a fearless, brave and courageous consciousness, free of prejudice and mycophobia. I am convinced that a researcher's consciousness infused &#98&#121 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#105&#114&#105&#116 &#111&#102 the magic &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#99&#97&#112&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#111&#102 &#102&#97&#114 deeper scientific insights than we can ever &#101&#120&#112&#101&#99&#116 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#117&#115&#117&#97&#108 ivory tower academics, isolated from reality Dosages for Psilocybe australiana Guzmán & Watling, Psilocybe eucalypta Guzmán & <H2>Seattle Cyanescens</H2> <p align="right"> &#84&#104&#101 <b>Mexican Mushrooms</b> &#113&#117&#101&#115&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/mushroom+grow+kit/magic+mushroom+guide/" title="Mushroom Grow Kit Magic Mushroom Guide" alt="Mushroom Grow Kit Magic Mushroom Guide" >Mushroom Grow Kit Magic Mushroom Guide</a> dosage where does Psilocybe Semilanceata grow is often confused by the &#118&#97&#114&#105&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#111&#117&#114&#99&#101 of <i>Seattle Cyanescens</i> the &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 is consumed.<br> </p> , and who gorge themselves on our tax dollars. I met Jochen Gartz shortly after the fall of the Berlin Wall at the third symposium of the European College for the Study of Consciousness (ECSC) in Freiburg, Germany. Our encounter was my first contact with a researcher from the former East Germany. Jochen Gartz's enthusiastic lecture was a truly consciousnessexpanding event, his words breaking down traditional borders and crossing over into new territory. The magic mushrooms spoke through him - with no trace of dogma or ideology - in the tradition of true anarchy that is the hallmark of mushroom magic. What I heard was unbelievable. Jochen spoke of a "new" psychedelic mushroom and its migration. The mycelia had spread in concentric circles outward from Leipzig, jumping all political borders. Finally, when the mycelia reached West German soil, the hated Berlin Wall crumbled. Could there possibly be a connection between the evolution of the magic mushroom and the evolution of our consciousness? Could a mushroom have contributed to the resolution of our political conflicts? In the past, politicians, even popes, had their own jesters and magicians, who functioned as pressure release valves in the machinations of political power struggles. It is obvious that a country whose chancellor is being pelted with eggs, urgently needs a new breed of magician who are able to readjust reality. But today, no aspiring magician should go about this task without this book as a guide for the wondrous journey into the realm of magic mushrooms. Christian Rdtsch Figure 5 - "Anthropomorphic Beings Engaged in Mushroom Dance" 10,000-year-old rock drawing in Tassili, Sahara (Algeria) CHAPTER 1 I BELIEVE THE TIME HAS COME FOR A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF NEW FINDINGS FROM THE FIELDS OF MYCOLOGY, TAXONOMY AND NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY When R.G. Wasson, R. Heim and A. Hofmann began their interdisciplinary research program to study the Mexican species of mushrooms and their usage in Mexican mushroom cults, their efforts culminated in a 1958 landmark report that described the isolation, molecular structure and synthesis of the mushrooms' active ingredients: psilocybin and psilocin. Several years later, these substances were also identified in a species of mushroom in Europe, Psilocybe semilanceata, which became the first in a series of newly discovered species. Since then, psychoactive mushrooms from other genera have been reported with increasing frequency. As part of my analytical work dedicated to the identification of naturally occurring chemicals, I had the good fortune to be part of a research team that studied alkaloids found in a variety of mushroom species. Now I believe the time has come for a comprehensive review of new findings from the fields of mycology, taxonomy and natural products chemistry. Wasson and his successors have already provided detailed accounts pertaining to the history and study of the Me <p align="right"> &#84&#104&#101 &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#101&#99 &#73&#110&#100&#105&#97&#110&#115&#44 &#119&#104&#111 have &#97 &#108&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#114&#97&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#117&#115&#105&#110&#103 the mushrooms, &#105&#110&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116 &#97 &#114&#97&#110&#103&#101 &#111&#102 &#109&#111&#117&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115 called the Sierra Mazateca in the northeastern corner of the &#77&#101&#120&#105&#99&#97&#110 &#115&#116&#97&#116&#101 &#111&#102 &#79&#97&#120&#97&#99&#97&#46 The shamans in <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/legal+magic+mushroom/maitake+mushroom.php" title="Legal Magic Mushroom Maitake Mushroom" alt="Legal Magic Mushroom Maitake Mushroom" >Legal Magic Mushroom Maitake Mushroom</a> this essay are all natives of the town &#111&#102 &#72&#117&#97&#117&#116&#108&#97 &#100&#101 &#74&#105&#109&#101&#110&#101&#122&#46 Properly speaking they &#97&#114&#101 &#72&#117&#97&#117&#116&#101&#99&#97&#110&#115&#59 &#98&#117&#116 &#115&#105&#110&#99&#101 the language they speak &#104&#97&#115 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#99&#97&#108&#108&#101&#100 &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#101&#99 and they have been referred to in the previous anthropological literature as Mazatecs, I have retained that name, though &#115&#116&#114&#105&#99&#116&#108&#121 &#115&#112&#101&#97&#107&#105&#110&#103&#44 &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#101&#99&#115 &#97&#114&#101 the inhabitants of the &#118&#105&#108&#108&#97&#103&#101 &#111&#102 &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#108&#97&#110 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#97&#109&#101 mountains. </p> , and who gorge themselves on our tax dollars. I met Jochen Gartz shortly after the fall of the Berlin Wall at the third symposium of the European College for the Study of Consciousness (ECSC) in Freiburg, Germany. Our encounter was my first contact with a researcher from the former East Germany. Jochen Gartz's enthusiastic lecture was a truly consciousnessexpanding event, his words breaking down traditional borders and crossing over into new territory. The magic mushrooms spoke through him - with no trace of dogma or ideology - in the tradition of true anarchy that is the hallmark of mushroom magic. What I heard was unbelievable. Jochen spoke of a "new" psychedelic mushroom and its migration. The mycelia had spread in concentric circles outward from Leipzig, jumping all political borders. Finally, when the mycelia reached West German soil, the hated Berlin Wall crumbled. Could there possibly be a connection between the evolution of the magic mushroom and the evolution of our consciousness? Could a mushroom have contributed to the resolution of our political conflicts? In the past, politicians, even popes, had their own jesters and magicians, who functioned as pressure release valves in the machinations of political power struggles. It is obvious that a country whose chancellor is being pelted with eggs, urgently needs a new breed of magician who are able to readjust reality. But today, no aspiring magician should go about this task without this book as a guide for the wondrous journey into the realm of magic mushrooms. Christian Rdtsch Figure 5 - "Anthropomorphic Beings Engaged in Mushroom Dance" 10,000-year-old rock drawing in Tassili, Sahara (Algeria) CHAPTER 1 I BELIEVE THE TIME HAS COME FOR A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF NEW FINDINGS FROM THE FIELDS OF MYCOLOGY, TAXONOMY AND NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY When R.G. Wasson, R. Heim and A. Hofmann began their interdisciplinary research program to study the Mexican species of mushrooms and their usage in Mexican mushroom cults, their efforts culminated in a 1958 landmark report that described the isolation, molecular structure and synthesis of the mushrooms' active ingredients: psilocybin and psilocin. Several years later, these substances were also identified in a species of mushroom in Europe, Psilocybe semilanceata, which became the first in a series of newly discovered species. Since then, psychoactive mushrooms from other genera have been reported with increasing frequency. As part of my analytical work dedicated to the identification of naturally occurring chemicals, I had the good fortune to be part of a research team that studied alkaloids found in a variety of mushroom species. Now I believe the time has come for a comprehensive review of new findings from the fields of mycology, taxonomy and natural products chemistry. Wasson and his successors have already provided detailed accounts pertaining to the history and study of the Me Macroscopically, it is extremely difficult to distinguish from Psilocybe semilanceata. Unlike the &#108&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 &#104&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#112&#101&#108&#108&#105&#99&#117&#108&#111&#115&#97&#13&#10&#119&#105&#108&#108 grow &#105&#110 &#102&#111&#114&#101&#115&#116&#115 &#111&#110 &#119&#111&#111&#100 chips and sawdust. Beug and Bigwood were able to furnish analytical proof in support of the claim that Psilocybe pelliculosa is weaker in its &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99&#13&#10&#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#97&#114&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 Psilocybe pelliculosa contains about 30-50% of the &#97&#109&#111&#117&#110&#116&#13&#10&#111&#102 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#105&#110 Psilocybe cyanescens &#40&#115&#108&#97&#110&#103&#13&#10&#110&#97&#109&#101&#115&#58 &#66&#108&#117&#101 &#119&#97&#118&#121&#44 &#67&#121&#97&#110&#44 Grandote), &#97 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#13&#10&#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110 &#97&#99&#114&#111&#115&#115 &#116&#104&#101 Pacific &#78&#111&#114&#116&#104&#119&#101&#115&#116&#46 &#73&#116 &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116&#115&#13&#10&#112&#114&#105&#109&#97&#114&#105&#108&#121 &#105&#110 parks, forming &#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#97&#108 &#102&#97&#105&#114&#121 &#114&#105&#110&#103&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#105&#115&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#100&#105&#100 not become &#112&#111&#112&#117&#108&#97&#114&#13&#10&#97&#109&#111&#110&#103 &#117&#115&#101&#114&#115 &#117&#110&#116&#105&#108 &#116&#104&#101 mid-1970s. species &#115&#116&#105&#108&#108 &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116&#115 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#97&#98&#117&#110&#100&#97&#110&#116&#108&#121 in &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#97&#108&#108&#46&#13&#10&#65 &#78&#101&#119 &#80&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 Mushroom Mushroom Trips as a Popular Sport Several additional Psilocybe species have been &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#80&#97&#99&#105&#102&#105&#99 Northwest, even though the taxonomic classification &#111&#102 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 remains inadequate, despite the fact that monographs such &#97&#115 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#98&#121 &#80&#46 Stamets offer quite detailed descriptions of the psychotropic mycoflora. In the mid-1970s, &#71&#117&#122&#109&#97&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#79&#116&#116&#13&#10&#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#97 &#114&#97&#116&#104&#101&#114 spectacular &#101&#118&#101&#110&#116 &#99&#111&#110&#99&#101&#114&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100 &#111&#102 a "new" mushroom species.<br> During the fall &#111&#102 &#49&#57&#55&#50&#44 &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101 &#110&#117&#109&#98&#101&#114&#115 of &#97 &#115&#116&#114&#111&#110&#103&#108&#121 &#98&#108&#117&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#103&#105&#108&#108&#101&#100 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 with a distinct ring pattern were found at the &#85&#110&#105&#118&#101&#114&#115&#105&#116&#121 &#111&#102 &#87&#97&#115&#104&#105&#110&#103&#116&#111&#110 &#105&#110 Seattle. The fruiting bodies were found growing &#111&#110 &#98&#97&#114&#107&#13&#10&#109&#117&#108&#99&#104&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#99&#97&#109&#101 from a central distribution point and which had been &#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#108&#121 &#97&#99&#114&#111&#115&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#99&#97&#109&#112&#117&#115 by gardeners. Due &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#108&#117&#105&#110&#103 &#114&#101&#97&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110&#44&#13&#10&#115&#116&#117&#100&#101&#110&#116&#115 at <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/legal/mushroom+spore.php" title="Legal Mushroom Spore" alt="Legal Mushroom Spore" >Legal Mushroom Spore</a> the &#117&#110&#105&#118&#101&#114&#115&#105&#116&#121 &#97&#115&#115&#117&#109&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 contained psilocybin, a belief that was confirmed later &#111&#110&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#115&#117&#100&#100&#101&#110 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#97&#110&#99&#101 of massive &#110&#117&#109&#98&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#102 &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#98&#111&#100&#105&#101&#115 quickly inspired &#115&#116&#117&#100&#101&#110&#116&#115 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#117&#110&#105&#118&#101&#114&#115&#105&#116&#121 &#116&#111 use the mushrooms as a hallucinogen.<br> In my &#111&#112&#105&#110&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#105&#116 &#105&#115 &#115&#116&#105&#108&#108 uncertain <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/mushroomsoutofcowmanure.php" title="Mushroomsoutofcowmanure" alt="Mushroomsoutofcowmanure" >Mushroomsoutofcowmanure</a> if the mushroom really appeared spontaneously, or whether it fruited on bark debris simply because the substance had previously been mixed with spawn derived from fruiting bodies that &#111&#114&#105&#103&#105&#110&#97&#116&#101&#100&#13&#10&#101&#108&#115&#101&#119&#104&#101&#114&#101&#46&#13&#10&#73&#110 &#97&#110&#121 &#99&#97&#115&#101&#44 &#105&#110 1976, the mushrooms were named Psilocybe stuntzii Guzman & Ott (slang name: "blue veil" &#111&#114 <b>top things to do on shrooms</b> &#34&#115&#116&#117&#110&#116&#122&#101&#101&#115&#34&#44 &#40&#115&#101&#101 &#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101&#115 54 and 71). Today, the species can be found growing on bark and on lawns in parks, on golf courses, football fields and &#103&#97&#114&#100&#101&#110&#115 &#105&#110 &#110&#117&#109&#98&#101&#114&#115 &#115&#111 large &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#105&#116 &#105&#115 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 second &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#105&#109&#112&#111&#114&#116&#97&#110&#116 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#13&#10&#105&#110 &#116&#101&#114&#109&#115 &#111&#102 usage, after Psilocybe semilanceata. In addition, Panaeolus subbalteatus is &#97&#110&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#13&#10&#114&#101&#103&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#105&#109&#112&#111&#114&#116&#97&#110&#116 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#40&#115&#108&#97&#110&#103&#13&#10&#110&#97&#109&#101&#58 "red cap"), even though its users believe it to be slightly more poisonous &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#83&#116&#105&#108&#108&#44 the &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#105&#115 &#117&#115&#101&#100 &#113&#117&#105&#116&#101&#13&#10&#102&#114&#101&#113&#117&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121&#44 &#98&#101&#99&#97&#117&#115&#101 it begins &#116&#111 &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116 &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#115&#112&#114&#105&#110&#103&#46 The Psilocybe species, on the other hand, <u>Google Cultivating Mushroom Nz</u> do not appear until fall and continue to grow into early winter, when temperatures consistently drop below freezing, which inhibits further fruiting of the spe </p> <p> JOCHEN GARTZ MAGIC MUSHROOMS Around &#116&#104&#101 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100&#13&#10&#65 &#83&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99 &#74&#111&#117&#114&#110&#101&#121 Across Cultures and Time The Case for &#67&#104&#97&#108&#108&#101&#110&#103&#105&#110&#103 &#82&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 &#86&#97&#108&#117&#101 &#83&#121&#115&#116&#101&#109&#115&#13&#10&#42 LIS PUBLICATIONS * LOS ANGELES, &#67&#65&#42&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#49 &#45 &#87&#97&#116&#101&#114 Color Painting &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#13&#10&#40&#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#44 &#49&#57&#50&#55&#41&#13&#10&#84&#65&#66&#76&#69 OF CONTENT (With Active Links' Just Click &#79&#110 &#65 &#83&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116 &#84&#111 Go To The Page) "Who Was the First &#77&#97&#103&#105&#99&#105&#97&#110&#63&#34 &#45 &#70&#111&#114&#101&#119&#111&#114&#100 &#98&#121 Christian Ratsch 7 1. Introduction 9 2. Reflections on the History and Scientific Study of Magic &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#49&#48&#13&#10&#51&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#67&#117&#114&#114&#101&#110&#116 State &#111&#102 &#75&#110&#111&#119&#108&#101&#100&#103&#101 &#65&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 Species 14 3.<br>1 Psilocybe semilanceata: The Classic &#83&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#65&#109&#111&#110&#103 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 &#80&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 16 3.2 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115&#58 &#80&#111&#116&#101&#110&#116 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 Growing on &#87&#111&#111&#100 &#68&#101&#98&#114&#105&#115 &#50&#57&#13&#10&#51&#46&#51 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 subbalteatus: Mycology and Myths about the Panaeolus &#83&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#51&#55&#13&#10&#51&#46&#52 &#73&#110&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#97&#101&#114&#117&#103&#105&#110&#97&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115&#58 &#70&#97&#115&#116&#45&#83&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#78&#101&#119 Arrivals 44 3.<br>5 &#71&#121&#109&#110&#111&#112&#105&#108&#117&#115 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#117&#114&#97&#116&#117&#115&#58 &#77&#97&#103&#110&#105&#102&#105&#99&#101&#110&#116 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 South &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97 &#53&#49&#13&#10&#51&#46&#54 &#67&#111&#110&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#111&#112&#117&#115&#58 Tiny Mushrooms &#111&#102 &#82&#101&#109&#97&#114&#107&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#80&#111&#116&#101&#110&#99&#121 &#53&#53&#13&#10&#51&#46&#55 Pluteus salicinus: A Little-known Wood-Inhabiting Species &#53&#56&#13&#10&#52&#46 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#73&#100&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#58 &#84&#97&#120&#111&#110&#111&#109&#105&#99 Confusion and &#116&#104&#101 &#80&#111&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#97&#108 &#102&#111&#114 &#68&#101&#97&#100&#108&#121 Mistakes 61 5. The Bluing &#80&#104&#101&#110&#111&#109&#101&#110&#111&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#77&#101&#116&#111&#108 &#84&#101&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103&#58 Reality vs. Wishful Thinking &#54&#51&#13&#10&#54&#46 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#67&#117&#108&#116&#105&#118&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#58 &#67&#108&#97&#115&#115&#105&#99 Findings and New Techniques 66 7. Psychotropic Mushroom Species Around the World 77 7.1 Spotlight on North America and Hawaii 79 7.2 Mycophilia in Central and South America 82 7.3 Australia's Mycoflora Attracts Attention 84 7.4 European &#67&#117&#115&#116&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#67&#111&#110&#118&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#56&#55&#13&#10&#55&#46&#53 Japanese Experimentation 93 7.<br>6 Intoxications &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#79&#108&#100&#101&#115&#116 &#75&#110&#111&#119&#110 Mushroom Cult in &#65&#102&#114&#105&#99&#97 &#57&#53&#13&#10&#55&#46&#55 &#85&#115&#97&#103&#101 &#105&#110 Southeast Asia and the South Pacific Islands &#57&#56&#13&#10&#56&#46 &#83&#111&#109&#101 &#67&#111&#109&#109&#101&#110&#116&#115 &#111&#110 Effects of Mushrooms from the Category Phantastika 102 9.<br> Psychotherapy 108 10.<br> Outlook 114 11. Bibliography 120 Index 129 Figure 2 - Psilocybe cubensis from Australia Figure 3 - Water color painting of Panaeolus subbalteatus &#40&#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#44 &#49&#57&#50&#55&#41&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#52 &#45 Fresh Panaeolus subbalteatus mushrooms. FOREWORD Nobody knows precisely &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#101&#109&#101&#114&#103&#101&#100 from the &#115&#104&#97&#100&#111&#119&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#112&#114&#101&#104&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#121 &#116&#111 &#101&#110&#116&#101&#114 the light of consciousness.<br> Nobody knows &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 mushroom was <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/cream+of+mushroom+soup/species/" title="Cream Of Mushroom Soup Species" alt="Cream Of Mushroom Soup Species" >Cream Of Mushroom Soup Species</a> eaten by &#97 &#104&#117&#109&#97&#110 &#98&#101&#105&#110&#103&#46 &#78&#111&#98&#111&#100&#121 knows just who the first magic mushroom eater was. In seeking answers to &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#113&#117&#101&#115&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#44 &#119&#101 &#99&#97&#110 only speculate. Mycophobes, however, &#97&#114&#101 &#113&#117&#105&#99&#107 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#118&#111&#105&#99&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 conviction &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#111&#110&#108&#121 &#97 &#102&#111&#111&#108 would be reckless enough &#116&#111 &#119&#97&#110&#116 &#116&#111 &#97&#116&#116&#97&#105&#110 &#97 higher &#115&#116&#97&#116&#101&#13&#10&#111&#102 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115 &#98&#101&#121&#111&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 boundaries &#111&#102&#13&#10&#101&#118&#101&#114&#121&#100&#97&#121 &#114&#101&#97&#108&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#65&#110&#100 &#111&#110&#108&#121 a fool would attempt to do this by &#105&#110&#103&#101&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#111&#100&#100 &#108&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101 things that mysteriously thrive &#111&#110 &#100&#101&#99&#97&#121&#105&#110&#103&#44 &#104&#117&#109&#105&#100 &#115&#111&#105&#108&#44&#13&#10&#114&#111&#116&#116&#101&#110 wood and malodorous &#109&#111&#117&#110&#100&#115 &#111&#102 &#99&#111&#119&#13&#10&#109&#97&#110&#117&#114&#101&#46&#13&#10&#72&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#105&#99&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#44 mushrooms have been feared &#97&#110&#100 &#104&#97&#116&#101&#100&#96 &#115&#105&#110&#99&#101 &#97&#110&#116&#105&#113&#117&#105&#116&#121&#58 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 were thought to be made from poisons that had dripped from serpents' fangs; they were considered to be unclean &#101&#109&#105&#115&#115&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#101&#118&#105&#108 &#115&#112&#105&#114&#105&#116&#115&#59 &#109&#111&#114&#101&#111&#118&#101&#114&#44 mushrooms were &#97 &#107&#110 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/mushrooms+australia.php" title="Mushrooms Australia" alt="Mushrooms Australia" >Mushrooms Australia</a> More than half &#111&#102 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#39&#115 &#98&#101&#101&#102 &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101 can be found in the coastal areas of Queensland and New South Wales; and the 20 to 30 &#105&#110&#99&#104 &#40&#53&#48&#48&#45&#55&#53&#48&#109&#109&#41 &#114&#97&#105&#110&#102&#97&#108&#108 &#98&#101&#108&#116 of Queensland, New South Wales and Northern &#86&#105&#99&#116&#111&#114&#105&#97&#44 &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#112&#114&#111&#118&#105&#100&#101 &#97&#100&#101&#113&#117&#97&#116&#101 climatic &#101&#110&#118&#105&#114&#111&#110&#109&#101&#110&#116&#115 &#102&#111&#114 &#116&#104&#101 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#116&#104 of psilocybian mushrooms, especially after heavy rains. &#73&#116 &#104&#97&#115 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#115&#117&#103&#103&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100 that "Psilocybe cubensis was introduced &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#99&#99&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#98&#121 early settlers along with their livestock." &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#115&#97&#109&#101 &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101 &#100&#105&#115&#112&#101&#114&#115&#97&#108 mechanism also probably applies to Copelandia cyanescens, &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 &#115&#117&#98&#98&#97&#108&#116&#101&#97&#116&#117&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108 additional species &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111 &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114 &#105&#110 or around the dung of other ruminants.<br> This &#105&#110&#99&#108&#117&#100&#101&#115 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#97&#110&#100 the non-hallucinogenic &#34&#104&#97&#121&#109&#97&#107&#101&#114&#39&#115&#34 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#105&#110&#97 &#102&#111&#101&#110&#105&#115&#101&#99&#105&#105&#46 &#87&#104&#105&#108&#101 cattle are raised in all &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110 &#115&#116&#97&#116&#101&#115&#44 &#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108 as in the central lowlands, recreational users have been known to export these psychoptic species to various &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#102&#114&#111&#109 areas &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#108&#108&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100&#46 &#73&#110 the case &#111&#102 &#78&#101&#119 <H1>Mushrooms Found In England</H1> &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#104&#101&#114&#101&#97&#102&#116&#101&#114 referred &#116&#111 &#97&#115 &#78&#90&#44 &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101 are the primary source for Copelandia cyanescens, but the "liberty cap" mushroom Psilocybe semilanceata &#111&#110&#108&#121 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#115 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 manured soil of four-legged ruminants and not directly from manure (Jansen, Pers. &#67&#111&#109&#109&#46&#44 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/wild+shrooms/panaeolus+africanus.php" title="Wild Shrooms Panaeolus Africanus" alt="Wild Shrooms Panaeolus Africanus" >Wild Shrooms Panaeolus Africanus</a> &#49&#57&#56&#56&#41&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#105&#100&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 section of this guide documents reported locations for more than 1 dozen species of psilocybian &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#90 which &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 used at one &#116&#105&#109&#101 &#111&#114 &#97&#110&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#102&#111&#114 recreational purposes. <p align="justify"> &#84&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#106&#111&#114&#105&#116&#121 &#111&#102 &#97&#100&#118&#101&#114&#115&#101 &#112&#104&#121&#115&#105&#99&#97&#108 effects &#111&#114 &#110&#101&#103&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#114&#101&#97&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 produced by "magic mushrooms" generally &#114&#101&#115&#117&#108&#116 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#105&#110&#97&#112&#112&#114&#111&#112&#114&#105&#97&#116&#101 &#115&#101&#116 and expectation, or because &#111&#102 &#105&#109&#112&#114&#111&#112&#101&#114 &#100&#111&#115&#97&#103&#101&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#109&#97&#121 vary considerably among consumers, different mushroom species, or even within an individual species. The question of dosage &#105&#115 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#99&#111&#110&#102&#117&#115&#101&#100 &#98&#121 the variation in the source of the hallucinogenic mushroom species which is consumed.<br> For example, Psilocybe cubensis, when picked and eaten from &#105&#116&#115 &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108 &#100&#117&#110&#103 &#40&#109&#97&#110&#117&#114&#101&#41 habitat, produces a relatively mild mindaltering &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#105&#115 &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116 from the large amounts of fresh specimens needed to achieve a threshold experience. &#72&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#110 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/horsemanuremagicshrooms.php" title="Horsemanuremagicshrooms" alt="Horsemanuremagicshrooms" >Horsemanuremagicshrooms</a> &#105&#110 vitro (indoor laboratory cultivation and/or illicit cultivation), Psilocybe cubensis apparently can produce a more potent strain capable &#111&#102 &#105&#110&#100&#117&#99&#105&#110&#103 &#97 &#118&#101&#114&#121 intense visual, sometimes quite disturbing, &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#46 &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#100&#111&#115&#97&#103&#101 &#97&#115&#115&#117&#109&#101&#115 that the consumption &#111&#102 &#49 &#116&#111 &#51 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/nature+field+guide+books/" title="Nature Field Guide Books" alt="Nature Field Guide Books" >Nature Field Guide Books</a> gm of dried material would be too low if the mushroom specimen came from a wild source. &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#108&#111&#119 &#112&#111&#116&#101&#110&#99&#121 &#102&#111&#114 Psilocybe &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#104&#97&#115 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#114&#109&#101&#100 by &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104 &#115&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#77&#97&#114&#103&#111&#116 &#38&#97&#109&#112&#59 &#87&#97&#116&#108&#105&#110&#103&#44 (1981), &#119&#104&#111 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#115&#117&#114&#112&#114&#105&#115&#101&#100 &#98&#121 the comparatively small amounts &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#105&#110 which &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#101&#120&#116&#114&#97&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#119&#105&#108&#100 specimens &#99&#111&#108&#108&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#102&#105&#118&#101 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116 locations in Australia. This suggests that a &#109&#117&#99&#104 &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101&#114 &#100&#111&#115&#101 &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 be required to produce &#115&#105&#103&#110&#105&#102&#105&#99&#97&#110&#116 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#46 &#73&#116 &#105&#115 possible that the chemicals most likely degenerated between &#116&#104&#101 &#116&#105&#109&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101&#121 were harvested and &#116&#104&#101 &#116&#105&#109&#101 &#111&#102 &#97&#110&#97&#108&#121&#115&#105&#115&#46 However, it should &#98&#101 &#110&#111&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#97 &#115&#116&#114&#97&#105&#110 &#111&#102 Psilocybe cubensis producing different flushes &#40&#104&#97&#114&#118&#101&#115&#116&#115&#41 &#119&#105&#108&#108 &#118&#97&#114&#121 &#115&#111&#109&#101&#119&#104&#97&#116 in potency between flushes. </p> <p align="justify"> &#84&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#106&#111&#114&#105&#116&#121 &#111&#102 &#97&#100&#118&#101&#114&#115&#101 physical effects or negative psychological reactions &#112&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#34&#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#34 generally result &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#105&#110&#97&#112&#112&#114&#111&#112&#114&#105&#97&#116&#101 &#115&#101&#116 &#97&#110&#100 expectation, or because of improper &#100&#111&#115&#97&#103&#101&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#109&#97&#121 &#118&#97&#114&#121 considerably among consumers, different mushroom species, or even within an individual species. The &#113&#117&#101&#115&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#100&#111&#115&#97&#103&#101 &#105&#115 often confused by the variation in the source &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 species which is &#99&#111&#110&#115&#117&#109&#101&#100&#46 &#70&#111&#114 &#101&#120&#97&#109&#112&#108&#101&#44 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 cubensis, when picked &#97&#110&#100 &#101&#97&#116&#101&#110 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#105&#116&#115 natural dung (manure) habitat, produces a relatively mild mindaltering experience, which is evident from &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101 &#97&#109&#111&#117&#110&#116&#115 &#111&#102 fresh &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#109&#101&#110&#115 &#110&#101&#101&#100&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#97&#99&#104&#105&#101&#118&#101 a threshold &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#46 &#72&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#110 in &#118&#105&#116&#114&#111 &#40&#105&#110&#100&#111&#111&#114 &#108&#97&#98&#111&#114&#97&#116&#111&#114&#121 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#105&#118&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 and/or illicit cultivation), &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#97&#112&#112&#97&#114&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121 &#99&#97&#110 produce a &#109&#111&#114&#101 &#112&#111&#116&#101&#110&#116 &#115&#116&#114&#97&#105&#110 &#99&#97&#112&#97&#98&#108&#101 of inducing a &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#110&#115&#101 &#118&#105&#115&#117&#97&#108&#44 &#115&#111&#109&#101&#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 quite disturbing, experience.<br> This dosage assumes &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#117&#109&#112&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 1 to 3 gm of dried material would be too low if the mushroom specimen came &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#97 &#119&#105&#108&#100 &#115&#111&#117&#114&#99&#101&#46 This low potency for Psilocybe &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#104&#97&#115 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#114&#109&#101&#100 by research scientists &#77&#97&#114&#103&#111&#116 &#38&#97&#109&#112&#59 &#87&#97&#116&#108&#105&#110&#103&#44 &#40&#49&#57&#56&#49&#41&#44 who &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#115&#117&#114&#112&#114&#105&#115&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#116&#104&#101 comparatively small &#97&#109&#111&#117&#110&#116&#115 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/psychedelicplants.php" title="Psychedelicplants" alt="Psychedelicplants" >Psychedelicplants</a> &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 &#97&#110&#100 psilocin which they extracted from wild specimens collected &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#102&#105&#118&#101 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 in Australia.<br> This suggests that a much larger dose would &#98&#101 &#114&#101&#113&#117&#105&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#112&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#101 significant hallucinations. &#73&#116 &#105&#115 &#112&#111&#115&#115&#105&#98&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116 the chemicals most likely degenerated between the time &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#104&#97&#114&#118&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100 and <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/dipropyltryptamine+for+sale.php" title="For Dipropyltryptamine Dipropyltryptamine" alt="For Dipropyltryptamine Dipropyltryptamine" >For Dipropyltryptamine Dipropyltryptamine</a> the &#116&#105&#109&#101 &#111&#102 &#97&#110&#97&#108&#121&#115&#105&#115&#46 &#72&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 &#105&#116 should be &#110&#111&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#97 &#115&#116&#114&#97&#105&#110 of &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#112&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#105&#110&#103 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116 flushes (harvests) will vary somewhat in potency between flushes. </p> As they say, ʼTis the season to be pickingʼ, but make <p Geophila Cyanescens align="center"> The first livestock to arrive <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/thingstobringshrooms.php" title="Thingstobringshrooms" alt="Thingstobringshrooms" >Thingstobringshrooms</a> in <i>buy magic mushrooms</i> Australia <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/the+magic+mushroom+band/mushroom+smART+SHOP/" title="The Magic Mushroom Band Mushroom Smart Shop" alt="The Magic Mushroom Band Mushroom Smart Shop" >The Magic Mushroom Band Mushroom Smart Shop</a> &#119&#101&#114&#101 <H1>Geophila Cyanescens</H1> &#98&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#116 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#67&#97&#112&#101 of &#71&#111&#111&#100 &#72&#111&#112&#101 &#105&#110 </p> <p align="left"> &#97 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 from the following &#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#114&#105&#101&#115&#58 &#70&#105&#110&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#78&#111&#114&#119&#97&#121&#44&#13&#10&#83&#119&#101&#100&#101&#110&#44 &#68&#101&#110&#109&#97&#114&#107&#44 Germany, Switzerland, Austria, &#84&#104&#101 &#78&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115&#44 &#66&#101&#108&#103&#105&#117&#109&#44 &#70&#114&#97&#110&#99&#101&#44&#13&#10&#82&#117&#115&#115&#105&#97&#44 &#80&#111&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 the former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, &#82&#111&#109&#97&#110&#105&#97&#44 &#83&#99&#111&#116&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#87&#97&#108&#101&#115&#44&#13&#10&#73&#116&#97&#108&#121 and Spain. Unfortunately, there &#97&#114&#101 &#110&#111 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#114&#101&#104&#101&#110&#115&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#109&#97&#112&#115 &#100&#101&#116&#97&#105&#108&#105&#110&#103 the species's distribution pattern. &#84&#114&#97&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115&#13&#10&#104&#97&#118&#101 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#110&#101&#103&#108&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 relatively tiny species, such as Psilocybe semilanceata, that tend to share their habitats with other, more prominent species. The sarcastic phrase &#34&#84&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#97&#98&#117&#110&#100&#97&#110&#99&#101 wherever mycologists &#97&#98&#111&#117&#110&#100&#34 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#112&#101&#114&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 &#105&#110 reference to the &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#80&#114&#105&#111&#114 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 discovery of psilocybin, the Psilocybe genus languished in &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#105&#116&#101&#114&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101&#44&#13&#10&#115&#104&#114&#111&#117&#100&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#111&#98&#115&#99&#117&#114&#105&#116&#121&#46 To this day, few 189. Psilocybe semilanceata &#70&#114&#46 &#91&#87&#111&#114&#116&#104&#108&#101&#115&#115&#93&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 uniformly conic to bell-shaped, with a pointy or &#111&#98&#116&#117&#115&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#97&#110 &#97&#108&#109&#111&#115&#116 wart-like &#112&#114&#111&#116&#114&#117&#115&#105&#111&#110&#59 &#105&#110&#105&#116&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#99&#97&#112&#115 &#97&#114&#101 often taller than they are wide, margins are &#98&#101&#110&#116 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#117&#114&#118&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#119&#97&#114&#100&#59 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 on, width of cap is &#49&#46&#53&#45&#52 &#99&#109&#46 &#72&#121&#103&#114&#111&#112&#104&#97&#110&#111&#117&#115&#59 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#105&#115 &#97 dirtyish olive-brown when wet, &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#117&#99&#101&#110&#116 &#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#116&#101 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115&#59 at the center, coloration is ocher or greenish-yellow &#97&#103&#97&#105&#110&#115&#116 &#97&#110 &#111&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108&#108 &#115&#104&#97&#100&#101 of smudgy pale &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#105&#115&#104 &#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#59 only the &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#98&#97&#110&#100&#101&#100 &#98&#121 a darkcolored, watery stripe &#97&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#100&#103&#101&#46 &#78&#111 stripes or banding evident when mushrooms &#97&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101&#108&#121&#13&#10&#100&#114&#105&#101&#100&#46 &#76&#97&#99&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#97 veil, caps are &#116&#104&#105&#110&#45&#102&#108&#101&#115&#104&#101&#100&#44 &#98&#97&#108&#100&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97&#110 easily separable pellicle that remains gelatinous-sticky for a long time, turning shiny when dry. Gills are olive &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 brown &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101 edges often remaining white, gill &#115&#112&#97&#99&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#115 &#113&#117&#105&#116&#101 &#99&#114&#111&#119&#100&#101&#100&#59 gill attachment is either roughly linear or mostly adnexed; up &#116&#111 &#51&#46&#53 &#109&#109 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#59 attached at the stem only, fully &#100&#101&#116&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#101&#108&#111&#110&#103&#97&#116&#101&#100 to &#101&#108&#108&#105&#112&#105&#116&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#105&#110 &#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#44 &#115&#109&#111&#111&#116&#104 and large, measuring 12-16 u by 6-8,u. Color of spore dust is &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#116&#101&#109 &#105&#115 very slender, &#97&#108&#109&#111&#115&#116 &#117&#110&#105&#102&#111&#114&#109&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#105&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#108&#119&#97&#121&#115 twisted, 6-12 cm long and 1.25-2 mm thick, yellowish or &#119&#104&#105&#116&#105&#115&#104 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#59 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 to pressure develop bluishgreen stains.<br> Stems are silky &#115&#109&#111&#111&#116&#104 &#97&#110&#100 &#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 &#97&#116 the center, cortinate fibrils &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#110&#97&#110&#116&#115 &#111&#102 &#97 veil, which is brittle and lined with a white fibrous cord of wool-like texture. When &#100&#114&#121&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 &#111&#102 the cap is colored pale yellow, while the stem's flesh &#105&#115&#13&#10&#111&#99&#104&#101&#114 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 &#101&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#116&#111&#119&#97&#114&#100&#115 the bottom. It is odorless and its flavor is mild. The mushroom grows from August to October, frequently in gregarious clusters, and can be found in pastures and along roadways, growing &#111&#110 &#100&#117&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#104&#97&#115 undergone complete decomposition. It &#105&#115 &#110&#111&#116 &#97 &#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 rare species. Figure &#49&#49&#40&#97&#98&#111&#118&#101&#41 &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#101&#120&#99&#101&#108&#108&#101&#110&#116 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#112&#116&#105&#111&#110 of Psilocybe semilanceata by Michael &#38 &#83&#99&#104&#117&#108&#122&#13&#10&#40&#49&#57&#50&#55&#41 &#105&#115 &#115&#104&#111&#119&#110 &#104&#101&#114&#101 as &#111&#114&#105&#103&#105&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#112&#117&#98&#108&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#44 with an English translation.<br> Mycologists spa have been reported &#102&#114&#111&#109&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#114&#105&#101&#115&#58 &#70&#105&#110&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 Norway, Sweden, &#68&#101&#110&#109&#97&#114&#107&#44 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#44 &#83&#119&#105&#116&#122&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44&#13&#10&#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#44 &#84&#104&#101 Netherlands, &#66&#101&#108&#103&#105&#117&#109&#44 &#70&#114&#97&#110&#99&#101&#44&#13&#10&#82&#117&#115&#115&#105&#97&#44 &#80&#111&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#101&#114 Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Scotland, England, Wales, Italy and Spain. Unfortunately, &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#114&#101 &#110&#111 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#114&#101&#104&#101&#110&#115&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#109&#97&#112&#115 detailing the species's distribution pattern. &#84&#114&#97&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115&#13&#10&#104&#97&#118&#101 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#110&#101&#103&#108&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 relatively tiny &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 &#115&#117&#99&#104&#13&#10&#97&#115 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#44 that tend to share &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114&#13&#10&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#97&#116&#115 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#109&#111&#114&#101 prominent &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#13&#10&#115&#97&#114&#99&#97&#115&#116&#105&#99 &#112&#104&#114&#97&#115&#101 &#34&#84&#104&#101 mushrooms occur in abundance wherever mycologists &#97&#98&#111&#117&#110&#100&#34 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#112&#101&#114&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 &#105&#110 reference to the Psilocybe species. Prior to the discovery of psilocybin, the Psilocybe &#103&#101&#110&#117&#115 &#108&#97&#110&#103&#117&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 literature, shrouded in obscurity. To this day, &#102&#101&#119&#13&#10&#49&#56&#57&#46 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#70&#114&#46 Worthless] The cap is uniformly conic to bell-shaped, with a pointy or obtuse center forming an almost wart-like &#112&#114&#111&#116&#114&#117&#115&#105&#111&#110&#59 &#105&#110&#105&#116&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#99&#97&#112&#115 &#97&#114&#101 often taller than they &#97&#114&#101 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#44 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101 &#98&#101&#110&#116 and curved inward; later &#111&#110&#44 &#119&#105&#100&#116&#104 &#111&#102 &#99&#97&#112 is 1.5-4 &#99&#109&#46 &#72&#121&#103&#114&#111&#112&#104&#97&#110&#111&#117&#115&#59 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#105&#115 &#97 dirtyish olive-brown when wet, with translucent &#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#116&#101 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115&#59 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 center, coloration is ocher or &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#105&#115&#104&#45&#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119 &#97&#103&#97&#105&#110&#115&#116 &#97&#110 &#111&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108&#108 shade of smudgy pale yellow and oftentimes some greenish stains; only the margins are &#98&#97&#110&#100&#101&#100 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/nzhallucinogenicmushrooms.php" title="Nzhallucinogenicmushrooms" alt="Nzhallucinogenicmushrooms" >Nzhallucinogenicmushrooms</a> &#98&#121 &#97 &#100&#97&#114&#107&#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100&#44 watery stripe around the edge. No &#115&#116&#114&#105&#112&#101&#115 &#111&#114 &#98&#97&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116 when mushrooms &#97&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101&#108&#121&#13&#10&#100&#114&#105&#101&#100&#46 &#76&#97&#99&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#97 veil, caps &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#105&#110&#45&#102&#108&#101&#115&#104&#101&#100&#44 &#98&#97&#108&#100&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 an easily &#115&#101&#112&#97&#114&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#112&#101&#108&#108&#105&#99&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#115 &#103&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#110&#111&#117&#115&#45&#115&#116&#105&#99&#107&#121 &#102&#111&#114 a &#108&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#44 &#116&#117&#114&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#104&#105&#110&#121 when dry. Gills are olive brown &#116&#111 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 in color, with the edges often remaining white, &#103&#105&#108&#108 &#115&#112&#97&#99&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#115 &#113&#117&#105&#116&#101 crowded; gill attachment is either &#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 &#108&#105&#110&#101&#97&#114 &#111&#114&#13&#10&#109&#111&#115&#116&#108&#121 &#97&#100&#110&#101&#120&#101&#100&#59 up to 3.5 mm wide; attached at the stem only, fully detached later &#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#101&#108&#111&#110&#103&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 ellipitical in shape, smooth and large, measuring 12-16 u by &#54&#45&#56&#44&#117&#46 &#67&#111&#108&#111&#114 &#111&#102 &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101 dust is blackish purple &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#116&#101&#109 &#105&#115 &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#115&#108&#101&#110&#100&#101&#114&#44 almost uniformly thin and &#97&#108&#119&#97&#121&#115 &#116&#119&#105&#115&#116&#101&#100&#44 &#54&#45&#49&#50 &#99&#109 long and 1.25-2 mm thick, yellowish or whitish in color; areas subjected to pressure develop bluishgreen stains. Stems are silky smooth and roughly at &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44 &#99&#111&#114&#116&#105&#110&#97&#116&#101 &#102&#105&#98&#114&#105&#108&#115 appear &#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#110&#97&#110&#116&#115 &#111&#102 &#97 &#118&#101&#105&#108&#44 which &#105&#115 &#98&#114&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#108&#105&#110&#101&#100 with &#97 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101 &#102&#105&#98&#114&#111&#117&#115 &#99&#111&#114&#100 &#111&#102 wool-like texture. When dry, the flesh of the cap &#105&#115 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100 &#112&#97&#108&#101 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#44 while the stem's flesh is ocher brown &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 &#101&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#116&#111&#119&#97&#114&#100&#115 the &#98&#111&#116&#116&#111&#109&#46 &#73&#116 &#105&#115 &#111&#100&#111&#114&#108&#101&#115&#115 and its &#102&#108&#97&#118&#111&#114 &#105&#115 &#109&#105&#108&#100&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 grows from August to October, frequently in gregarious clusters, and can be &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#105&#110 &#112&#97&#115&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 along roadways, &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#110 &#100&#117&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#97&#116 has undergone complete decomposition. It is not a particularly rare &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#49&#49&#40&#97&#98&#111&#118&#101&#41 &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#101&#120&#99&#101&#108&#108&#101&#110&#116 description of &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#98&#121 &#77&#105&#99&#104&#97&#101&#108 &#38 Schulz (1927) &#105&#115 &#115&#104&#111&#119&#110 &#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#115 originally published in German, with an &#69&#110&#103&#108&#105&#115&#104 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#13&#10&#77&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#115&#112&#97 &#104&#97&#118&#101 been reported &#102&#114&#111&#109&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#114&#105&#101&#115&#58 &#70&#105&#110&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, The Netherlands, Belgium, France, Russia, Poland, the former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Scotland, England, Wales, Italy and Spain.<br> Unfortunately, there are no comprehensive maps detailing &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#39&#115&#13&#10&#100&#105&#115&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#112&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114&#110&#46 &#84&#114&#97&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 mycologists have often neglected relatively tiny species, such as Psilocybe semilanceata, that tend to share their habitats &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#109&#111&#114&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#109&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 species. The sarcastic phrase "The mushrooms occur in abundance wherever mycologists abound" is particularly pertinent &#105&#110 &#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 Psilocybe species.<br> Prior to the discovery of psilocybin, the Psilocybe genus languished in the literature, shrouded in obscurity. &#84&#111 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#100&#97&#121&#44 &#102&#101&#119&#13&#10&#49&#56&#57&#46 Psilocybe semilanceata Fr. Worthless The cap is uniformly conic to bell-shaped, with &#97 &#112&#111&#105&#110&#116&#121 &#111&#114 &#111&#98&#116&#117&#115&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114 forming an &#97&#108&#109&#111&#115&#116 &#119&#97&#114&#116&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#116&#114&#117&#115&#105&#111&#110&#59 &#105&#110&#105&#116&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 caps are &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#116&#97&#108&#108&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#121 are wide, margins are bent and curved inward; &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#111&#110&#44 &#119&#105&#100&#116&#104 &#111&#102 cap is 1.5-4 cm. Hygrophanous; coloration is a dirtyish olive-brown when wet, with translucent striate margins; at the center, coloration &#105&#115 &#111&#99&#104&#101&#114 &#111&#114 &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#105&#115&#104&#45&#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119 against &#97&#110 &#111&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108&#108 &#115&#104&#97&#100&#101 &#111&#102 smudgy pale &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#105&#115&#104 &#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#59 only the margins &#97&#114&#101 &#98&#97&#110&#100&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#97 darkcolored, watery stripe around the &#101&#100&#103&#101&#46 &#78&#111 &#115&#116&#114&#105&#112&#101&#115 &#111&#114 banding evident when mushrooms are completely dried. Lacking a veil, caps are thin-fleshed, bald, &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97&#110 &#101&#97&#115&#105&#108&#121 &#115&#101&#112&#97&#114&#97&#98&#108&#101 pellicle that remains gelatinous-sticky for &#97 &#108&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#44 &#116&#117&#114&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#104&#105&#110&#121 when dry. Gills are olive brown to blackish purple &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 the edges often remaining white, gill spacing is &#113&#117&#105&#116&#101 &#99&#114&#111&#119&#100&#101&#100&#59 &#103&#105&#108&#108 &#97&#116&#116&#97&#99&#104&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#105&#115 either roughly linear or mostly &#97&#100&#110&#101&#120&#101&#100&#59 &#117&#112 &#116&#111 &#51&#46&#53 mm wide; attached &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#101&#109 &#111&#110&#108&#121&#44 fully detached later on. Spores are elongated to ellipitical in shape, smooth and large, measuring 12-16 &#117&#13&#10&#98&#121 &#54&#45&#56&#44&#117&#46 &#67&#111&#108&#111&#114 &#111&#102 &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101 dust &#105&#115 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#116&#101&#109 is &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#115&#108&#101&#110&#100&#101&#114&#44 &#97&#108&#109&#111&#115&#116 &#117&#110&#105&#102&#111&#114&#109&#108&#121 thin and always twisted, 6-12 &#99&#109 &#108&#111&#110&#103 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#49&#46&#50&#53&#45&#50 &#109&#109 thick, yellowish or &#119&#104&#105&#116&#105&#115&#104 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#59 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 subjected to pressure develop &#98&#108&#117&#105&#115&#104&#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#13&#10&#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#46 &#83&#116&#101&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#115&#105&#108&#107&#121 smooth and roughly at the center, cortinate fibrils appear &#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#110&#97&#110&#116&#115 &#111&#102 &#97 &#118&#101&#105&#108&#44 which is brittle and lined with a white fibrous cord of wool-like texture. When dry, the flesh of the cap is colored pale yellow, while the stem's flesh &#105&#115&#13&#10&#111&#99&#104&#101&#114 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 &#101&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 towards the &#98&#111&#116&#116&#111&#109&#46 &#73&#116 &#105&#115 &#111&#100&#111&#114&#108&#101&#115&#115 and its flavor is &#109&#105&#108&#100&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#65&#117&#103&#117&#115&#116 to October, frequently in gregarious &#99&#108&#117&#115&#116&#101&#114&#115&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#97&#110&#13&#10&#98&#101 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 in pastures and along roadways, growing on &#100&#117&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#104&#97&#115 &#117&#110&#100&#101&#114&#103&#111&#110&#101 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#99&#111&#109&#112&#111&#115&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 It is not a particularly rare species. Figure 11(above) This &#101&#120&#99&#101&#108&#108&#101&#110&#116 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#112&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 semilanceata by Michael & Schulz (1927) is shown here as &#111&#114&#105&#103&#105&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#112&#117&#98&#108&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#44 with an English &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#13&#10&#77&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#115&#112&#97 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 from the following &#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#114&#105&#101&#115&#58 &#70&#105&#110&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#78&#111&#114&#119&#97&#121&#44&#13&#10&#83&#119&#101&#100&#101&#110&#44 &#68&#101&#110&#109&#97&#114&#107&#44 Germany, &#83&#119&#105&#116&#122&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44&#13&#10&#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#44 &#84&#104&#101 &#78&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115&#44 &#66&#101&#108&#103&#105&#117&#109&#44 France, Russia, &#80&#111&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#101&#114 &#67&#122&#101&#99&#104&#111&#115&#108&#111&#118&#97&#107&#105&#97&#44&#13&#10&#72&#117&#110&#103&#97&#114&#121&#44 Romania, &#83&#99&#111&#116&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#87&#97&#108&#101&#115&#44&#13&#10&#73&#116&#97&#108&#121 &#97&#110&#100 &#83&#112&#97&#105&#110&#46&#13&#10&#85&#110&#102&#111&#114&#116&#117&#110&#97&#116&#101&#108&#121&#44 there are no comprehensive maps detailing the species's distribution pattern. Traditionally, &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115&#13&#10&#104&#97&#118&#101 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#110&#101&#103&#108&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#108&#121 tiny species, such as &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#44 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#101&#110&#100 &#116&#111 share their habitats with other, &#109&#111&#114&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#109&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#13&#10&#115&#97&#114&#99&#97&#115&#116&#105&#99 phrase &#34&#84&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#97&#98&#117&#110&#100&#97&#110&#99&#101 wherever mycologists abound" is particularly pertinent &#105&#110 &#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 Psilocybe species. &#80&#114&#105&#111&#114 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#121 &#111&#102 psilocybin, the Psilocybe genus languished in the &#108&#105&#116&#101&#114&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101&#44&#13&#10&#115&#104&#114&#111&#117&#100&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#111&#98&#115&#99&#117&#114&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#84&#111 this day, few 189. Psilocybe semilanceata &#70&#114&#46 &#87&#111&#114&#116&#104&#108&#101&#115&#115&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 uniformly conic to bell-shaped, with a pointy or obtuse center &#102&#111&#114&#109&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#97&#110 &#97&#108&#109&#111&#115&#116 &#119&#97&#114&#116&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#116&#114&#117&#115&#105&#111&#110&#59 initially, caps are often taller than they are wide, <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/portobello+mushroom+recipe.php" title="Portobello Mushroom Recipe" alt="Portobello Mushroom Recipe" >Portobello Mushroom Recipe</a> margins are bent &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#117&#114&#118&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#119&#97&#114&#100&#59 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 on, width &#111&#102 &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 &#49&#46&#53&#45&#52 cm. Hygrophanous; coloration is &#97 &#100&#105&#114&#116&#121&#105&#115&#104 &#111&#108&#105&#118&#101&#45&#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#119&#104&#101&#110 wet, with translucent striate margins; at the center, coloration is ocher or greenish-yellow against an overall shade of smudgy pale yellow and oftentimes &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#105&#115&#104 &#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#59 &#111&#110&#108&#121 the margins are banded &#98&#121 &#97 &#100&#97&#114&#107&#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100&#44 &#119&#97&#116&#101&#114&#121&#13&#10&#115&#116&#114&#105&#112&#101 &#97&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 the &#101&#100&#103&#101&#46 &#78&#111 &#115&#116&#114&#105&#112&#101&#115 &#111&#114 banding &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#101 completely dried. &#76&#97&#99&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#97 &#118&#101&#105&#108&#44 &#99&#97&#112&#115 &#97&#114&#101 thin-fleshed, bald, with an easily separable pellicle &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#115 &#103&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#110&#111&#117&#115&#45&#115&#116&#105&#99&#107&#121 &#102&#111&#114 &#97 long time, turning shiny when dry. Gills are olive brown to blackish purple brown &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101 edges &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101&#44 &#103&#105&#108&#108 &#115&#112&#97&#99&#105&#110&#103 is quite crowded; gill attachment is either roughly linear or mostly adnexed; up to 3.5 mm wide; attached at the stem only, fully detached &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#101&#108&#111&#110&#103&#97&#116&#101&#100 to ellipitical in shape, smooth and large, measuring &#49&#50&#45&#49&#54 &#117&#13&#10&#98&#121 &#54&#45&#56&#44&#117&#46 &#67&#111&#108&#111&#114 of &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101 &#100&#117&#115&#116 &#105&#115 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 brown. Stem is &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#115&#108&#101&#110&#100&#101&#114&#44 &#97&#108&#109&#111&#115&#116 &#117&#110&#105&#102&#111&#114&#109&#108&#121 thin and always twisted, 6-12 cm long and 1.25-2 &#109&#109 &#116&#104&#105&#99&#107&#44 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#115&#104 &#111&#114 whitish &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#59 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 pressure develop &#98&#108&#117&#105&#115&#104&#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#13&#10&#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#46 &#83&#116&#101&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#115&#105&#108&#107&#121 smooth &#97&#110&#100 &#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 center, cortinate fibrils appear like remnants of a veil, which is brittle and lined &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101 &#102&#105&#98&#114&#111&#117&#115 cord of wool-like texture. When dry, the flesh of &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100 pale yellow, while the stem's flesh is ocher brown &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 &#101&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#116&#111&#119&#97&#114&#100&#115 the bottom. &#73&#116 &#105&#115 &#111&#100&#111&#114&#108&#101&#115&#115 &#97&#110&#100 its &#102&#108&#97&#118&#111&#114 &#105&#115 &#109&#105&#108&#100&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 grows from August to October, &#102&#114&#101&#113&#117&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121 &#105&#110 &#103&#114&#101&#103&#97&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#99&#108&#117&#115&#116&#101&#114&#115&#44 and can be found in pastures and along roadways, growing on dung that &#104&#97&#115 &#117&#110&#100&#101&#114&#103&#111&#110&#101 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#99&#111&#109&#112&#111&#115&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 &#73&#116 is not a particularly rare species. Figure &#49&#49&#40&#97&#98&#111&#118&#101&#41 &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#101&#120&#99&#101&#108&#108&#101&#110&#116 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#112&#116&#105&#111&#110 of Psilocybe semilanceata &#98&#121 &#77&#105&#99&#104&#97&#101&#108 &#38 &#83&#99&#104&#117&#108&#122&#13&#10&#40&#49&#57&#50&#55&#41 is shown here as originally published in German, with an English translation. Mycologists &#115&#112 </p> </p> </div> <div id="footer"> <div class="left"> <a href="/Archives.html" class="doNotPrint">About</a><br /> <a href="/Articles.html" class="doNotPrint">Chat</a> </div> <br class="doNotDisplay doNotPrint" /> <div class="right"> copyright © 2006 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/gymnopilus+spectabilis/how+to+identify+mushies.php" title="Gymnopilus Spectabilis How To Identify Mushies" alt="Gymnopilus Spectabilis How To Identify Mushies" >Gymnopilus Spectabilis How To Identify Mushies</a><br /> design by <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/Psilocybe+semilanceata+season/dog+eat+haymakers+mushroom.php" title="Psilocybe Semilanceata Season Dog Eat Haymakers Mushroom" alt="Psilocybe Semilanceata Season Dog Eat Haymakers Mushroom" >Psilocybe Semilanceata Season Dog Eat Haymakers Mushroom</a> </div></div> </body>