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&#109&#111&#114&#101 than 3,000 years. Today, the &#114&#101&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99 &#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 by Westerners is &#119&#105&#100&#101&#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100&#44 &#101&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#105&#110 &#118&#97&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115 regions <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/hawaii+island+myspace+contact+tables.php" title="Hawaii Island Myspace Contact Tables" alt="Hawaii Island Myspace Contact Tables" >Hawaii Island Myspace Contact Tables</a> of the United States, Canada, Mexico, Caribbean, Great Britain, Europe &#40&#101&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#78&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115&#41&#44 Scandinavia, South America, &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104&#101&#97&#115&#116 &#65&#115&#105&#97&#44 &#73&#110&#100&#105&#97&#44 &#66&#97&#108&#105&#44 Samoa; Australia &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#101&#119 &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#109&#111&#100&#101&#114&#110&#44 &#110&#111&#110&#45&#116&#114&#97&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 use of hallucinogenic <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/cowmanureshrooms.php" title="Cowmanureshrooms" alt="Cowmanureshrooms" >Cowmanureshrooms</a> &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#104&#97&#115 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#115&#116&#105&#109&#117&#108&#97&#116&#101&#100&#44 by media reports in newspapers, magazines, word-of-mouth communication, the World Wide Web and &#73&#110&#116&#101&#114&#110&#101&#116&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#108&#115&#111 &#98&#121 the scholarly and popular &#106&#111&#117&#114&#110&#97&#108 &#112&#117&#98&#108&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 renown &#101&#116&#104&#110&#111&#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116 &#82&#46 &#71&#111&#114&#100&#111&#110&#13&#10&#87&#97&#115&#115&#111&#110&#44 &#40&#72&#97&#114&#118&#97&#114&#100 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116 Timothy &#76&#101&#97&#114&#121&#44 &#116&#114&#97&#118&#101&#108&#101&#114 &#74&#101&#114&#101&#109&#121 &#83&#97&#110&#102&#111&#114&#100&#44 health guru Andrew Weil, and others (see Allen , Merlin &Jansen, 1991).This field guide &#114&#101&#118&#105&#101&#119&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#104&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#121 &#111&#102 both the accidental and purposeful &#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 in Australia and New Zealand. Information in this guide has been gathered from personal experiences in Australia &#98&#121 &#116&#104&#101 &#97&#117&#116&#104&#111&#114 &#97&#110&#100 from reports in the scientific literature, news items appearing in &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#111&#112&#117&#108&#97&#114 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#44 &#97&#110&#100 personal &#99&#111&#109&#109&#117&#110&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110 &#97&#110&#100 New Zealand (NZ) professionals (Unsigned 1970; &#79&#39&#78&#101&#105&#108&#108&#44 &#49&#57&#56&#54&#41&#46 </p> as well. Below are some excerpts &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#104&#105&#115 &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104 &#112&#114&#111&#116&#111&#99&#111&#108&#115&#58&#13&#10&#74&#46&#72&#46 (a &#50&#52&#45&#121&#101&#97&#114&#45&#111&#108&#100 &#109&#97&#108&#101&#41 &#105&#110&#103&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100 &#102&#111&#117&#114&#13&#10&#99&#111&#111&#107&#101&#100 mushrooms &#97&#116 &#110&#105&#103&#104&#116&#44 &#97&#102&#116&#101&#114 &#97 meal (!), and then ate another &#116&#104&#114&#101&#101 &#102&#114&#101&#115&#104 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#51&#48 &#109&#105&#110&#117&#116&#101&#115&#13&#10&#108&#97&#116&#101&#114&#46 This was followed by regurgitation, and 45 minutes later, he started to sweat profusely all over his head &#97&#110&#100 &#98&#111&#100&#121&#46 &#72&#105&#115 &#112&#117&#108&#115&#101 rate and breathing were accelerated, but slowed down later on. He laid down and experienced visual hallucinations, which caused him to panic and to run a distance &#111&#102 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#49&#44&#50&#48&#48 &#102&#116&#46 &#116&#111 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#117&#108&#116 the nearest doctor. &#84&#104&#101 &#112&#104&#121&#115&#105&#99&#105&#97&#110 &#110&#111&#116&#101&#100 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#108&#121 dilated pupils, and &#112&#114&#111&#99&#101&#101&#100&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#97&#116&#105&#101&#110&#116&#39&#115&#13&#10&#115&#116&#111&#109&#97&#99&#104 &#112&#117&#109&#112&#101&#100 and then prescribed laxatives. Three hours later, the &#97&#98&#110&#111&#114&#109&#97&#108 &#115&#116&#97&#116&#101 &#104&#97&#100 &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101&#108&#121&#13&#10&#115&#117&#98&#115&#105&#100&#101&#100&#59 by the next morning, &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#119&#97&#115 &#110&#111&#13&#10&#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#111&#102 any other side effects. M.K. (a 22-year-old male) &#97&#116&#101 &#106&#117&#115&#116 &#111&#110&#101&#13&#10&#102&#114&#101&#115&#104 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#104&#97&#100 no effects at all.<br> K .Y. (a 31-year-old male) ate five mushrooms. Regurgitation occurred &#51&#48 &#109&#105&#110&#117&#116&#101&#115&#13&#10&#97&#102&#116&#101&#114 &#105&#110&#103&#101&#115&#116&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#102&#111&#108&#108&#111&#119&#101&#100 by sweating around the head and body; his extremities appeared to &#98&#101&#13&#10&#115&#108&#105&#103&#104&#116&#108&#121 &#112&#97&#114&#97&#108&#121&#122&#101&#100&#46 &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#112&#97&#114&#97&#108&#121&#115&#105&#115 persisted for another three hours. &#68&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#44 &#116&#104&#101 subject had great difficulties handling a pen for writing, his mood was depressed and &#104&#101 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#100&#13&#10&#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#44 &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#97&#115 colorful lights flooding down &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#107&#121&#46 &#66&#121 the following morning, all of these effects had &#100&#105&#115&#115&#105&#112&#97&#116&#101&#100&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#102&#114&#101&#115&#104 &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#98&#111&#100&#105&#101&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 bitter, a taste that &#100&#105&#115&#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#97&#102&#116&#101&#114&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#104&#97&#100 been &#99&#111&#111&#107&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#119&#97&#116&#101&#114&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#97&#98&#111&#118&#101 experiments are &#114&#97&#116&#104&#101&#114&#13&#10&#97&#109&#97&#116&#101&#117&#114&#105&#115&#104&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#112&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 of results are heavily influenced by a simplistic perspective which &#97&#115&#115&#117&#109&#101&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#39&#115&#13&#10&#112&#104&#97&#114&#109&#97&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108 effects proceed along &#97 &#115&#105&#110&#103&#108&#101&#44&#13&#10&#110&#97&#114&#114&#111&#119 &#116&#114&#97&#99&#107&#46 &#83&#116&#105&#108&#108&#44 these accounts demonstrate that <i>mushrooms mushrooms grow mushrooms to</i> &#99&#111&#109&#112&#97&#114&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#100&#111&#115&#97&#103&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#74&#97&#112&#97&#110&#101&#115&#101 mushroom species have psychotropic &#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115 &#115&#105&#109&#105&#108&#97&#114 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101&#13&#10&#99&#97&#117&#115&#101&#100 by Psilocybe species found on other continents.<br> Much work still remains to &#98&#101 &#100&#111&#110&#101 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 of phytochemistry and taxonomy before the body of knowledge about psychotropic mushroom species in Japan can grow to become adequate. The geographic &#100&#105&#115&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#105&#110&#103&#114&#101&#100&#105&#101&#110&#116&#115 &#111&#102 the Japanese Panaeolus species must also be studied further. For &#105&#110&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101&#44 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 &#115&#117&#98&#98&#97&#108&#116&#101&#97&#116&#117&#115 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#111&#110&#101 of the species that are growing on &#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108&#13&#10&#74&#97&#112&#97&#110&#101&#115&#101 &#105&#115&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115 &#116&#111&#100&#97&#121&#46&#13&#10&#67&#72&#65&#80&#84&#69&#82 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/howtogrowpsilocybecubensisindung.php" title="Howtogrowpsilocybecubensisindung" alt="Howtogrowpsilocybecubensisindung" >Howtogrowpsilocybecubensisindung</a> &#55&#46&#54&#13&#10&#73&#78&#84&#79&#88&#73&#67&#65&#84&#73&#79&#78&#83 &#65&#78&#68 THE OLDEST KNOWN MUSHROOM CULT IN AFRICA So far, &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#102&#108&#111&#114&#97 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 African continent has been &#115&#116&#117&#100&#105&#101&#100 &#111&#110&#108&#121 &#112&#101&#114&#105&#112&#104&#101&#114&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#115 largely unknown. During the late &#49&#57&#56&#48&#115&#44&#13&#10&#73&#116&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116 &#71&#46 &#83&#97&#109&#111&#114&#105&#110&#105 and Terence McKenna, working independently, found evidence for the oldest known mushroom cult in Africa. Their discoveries &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#110&#111&#116 &#106&#117&#115&#116 &#115&#101&#110&#115&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108&#44 but most surprising as well. On the &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#104&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#105&#116&#13&#10&#114&#101&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#115&#104&#111&#117&#108&#100&#110&#39&#116 come as a surprise that the &#111&#108&#100&#101&#115&#116&#13&#10&#116&#114&#97&#99&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#104&#117&#109&#97&#110 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#97&#99&#116 with mushrooms were found on the &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#114&#97&#100&#108&#101 of humanity. 10,000 Years Old From 9,000 to ed and large numbers of studies were conducted, primarily with LSD. These investigators sought to discover the receptor binding sites for hallucinogenic compounds in the brain and to understand the mechanisms underlying the genesis of psychedelic visions. Today, we still lack a sound theoretical framework able to explain the relationship between chemical compounds and the manifestation of their psychoactivity. Even though basic research is certainly important, its methods, unfortunately, are often a function of a rather one-sided pharmacological approach to investigating the effects of psilocybin, LSD and mescaline - an approach that is, in fact, too narrow to address the remarkably unusual nature of these substances and their effects. Misunderstandings between pharmacologists and toxicologists on the one hand and psychiatrists and psychologists on the other can often be traced all the way back to the 1950's, creating a legacy of disputes and arguments that have yet to be resolved. S. Grof undertook the tedious task of analyzing 5,000 experimental LSD protocols in an effort to isolate "absolute" symptoms that are reported or occur all of the time. His results were negative. According to Grof, hallucinogenic substances are non-specific triggers causing a sequence of altered states of consciousness, which do not fit the syndrome labeled "toxic psychosis". Rather, it is the individual's personality, along with the experimental setting that significantly shape the nature of the psychedelic experience. This view is shared by a majority of experts with considerable experience in conducting psychedelics-assisted psychotherapy. Even "real" somatic symptoms, such as nausea or vomiting, can often be controlled through psychological intervention techniques administered by trained professionals. A Plethora of Names The broad range of possible experiences inspired the use of labels other than "hallucinogens", with widely differing semantic connotations: entheogens, psychedelics, illusionogens, psycholytics, psychomimetics, psychodysleptica, psychoemetics and others. "Phantastica" (Lewin) is the oldest label ever used to describe this class of substances. This term successfully evokes dream-like, fanciful aspects of the experience, as well as the potential for euphoric and dysphoric emotional overtones. More recent terminology often says more about semantic biases of those who use the labels than about any factual, objective characteristics of the alkaloids they refer to. Accordingly, official antidrug propaganda since the 1960's has disparaged "psychedelics" as excessively glamorous and too positive a label, as the term was popular among Timothy Leary's fans and supporters. When used in low doses or for the first time, these substances are most likely to bring about a kind of magical transformation of surroundings, with a heightened ability to perceive subtle differences along the color spectru <div align="center"> xican &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 &#115&#111 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 materials &#110&#101&#101&#100 &#110&#111&#116 &#98&#101 &#114&#101&#112&#101&#97&#116&#101&#100 in this context. However, certain aspects concerning &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#109&#111&#114&#101 &#114&#101&#99&#101&#110&#116 &#117&#115&#101&#115 &#111&#102 these mushrooms as well as their conditions &#111&#102 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#116&#104 &#119&#105&#108&#108 &#114&#101&#99&#101&#105&#118&#101 more detailed attention in later chapters. The main purpose of this book is to inspire further study of these mushrooms, particularly basic research efforts and medical applications of magic mushroom ingredients.<br> The extensive bibliography will help scientists and other &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#101&#115 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#102&#117&#114&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#105&#109&#109&#101&#114&#115&#101 themselves &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#120 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#13&#10&#111&#102 study. Jochen &#71&#97&#114&#116&#122&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#54 &#45 &#66&#114&#111&#110&#122&#101 doors with mushroom motif entitled &#34&#84&#114&#105&#97&#108 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#74&#117&#100&#103&#109&#101&#110&#116&#34 &#97&#116 &#72&#105&#108&#100&#101&#115&#104&#101&#105&#109 Cathedral, Germany (ca. 1020).<br> CHAPTER &#50&#13&#10&#82&#69&#70&#76&#69&#67&#84&#73&#79&#78&#83 &#79&#78 &#84&#72&#69 &#72&#73&#83&#84&#79&#82&#89&#13&#10&#65&#78&#68 SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/buy+magic+mushroom/portabello+mushroom.php" title="Buy Magic Mushroom Portabello Mushroom" alt="Buy Magic Mushroom Portabello Mushroom" >Buy Magic Mushroom Portabello Mushroom</a> MAGIC MUSHROOMS It is remarkable that cultures native &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97&#110 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 <i>growing shrooms from cow manure</i> &#107&#110&#101&#119 about a relatively large number of natural &#109&#105&#110&#100&#45&#97&#108&#116&#101&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101&#115&#13&#10&#99&#111&#109&#112&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 that evolved in &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#13&#10&#111&#114 &#65&#115&#105&#97&#46 &#66&#111&#116&#97&#110&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#99&#101 does not support the notion that Europe is home to fewer hallucinogenic plants than other regions.<br> Furthermore, the growing number of recently discovered European mushroom &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 &#105&#110&#100&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101 a flourishing psychotropic mycoflora <i>california psilocybe california psilocybe</i> in Europe similar to those found in other countries. It &#105&#115 &#117&#110&#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 cultures learned &#108&#101&#115&#115 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#108 &#112&#108&#97&#110&#116&#115 &#97&#110&#100 mushrooms through usage and experience than cultures elsewhere in the world. Most likely, early &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108&#13&#10&#107&#110&#111&#119&#108&#101&#100&#103&#101 &#111&#102 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 plants and mushrooms was lost or destroyed &#97&#116 &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#116&#105&#109&#101 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#104&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#121&#44 probably as early &#97&#115 &#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#104&#117&#110&#100&#114&#101&#100 &#121&#101&#97&#114&#115&#13&#10&#97&#103&#111&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 discovery that the fly agaric mushroom &#40&#65&#109&#97&#110&#105&#116&#97 &#109&#117&#115&#99&#97&#114&#105&#97&#41 &#119&#97&#115 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 for its psychoactive &#112&#114&#111&#112&#101&#114&#116&#105&#101&#115 &#105&#110 &#83&#105&#98&#101&#114&#105&#97 &#105&#110&#118&#105&#116&#101&#100 the conclusion that this mushroom was &#117&#115&#101&#100 &#97&#115 &#97&#13&#10&#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 &#97&#103&#101&#110&#116 &#105&#110 medieval Europe as well. In fact, there is very little evidence from &#116&#104&#101 &#77&#105&#100&#100&#108&#101&#13&#10&#65&#103&#101&#115 &#116&#111 &#105&#110&#100&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100 knowledge &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115 &#111&#102 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#102&#105&#99 mushrooms on human consciousness. However, I believe that &#112&#97&#115&#116 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#115&#13&#10&#111&#110 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 were causally linked to &#65&#109&#97&#110&#105&#116&#97 &#109&#117&#115&#99&#97&#114&#105&#97 &#115&#105&#109&#112&#108&#121 &#98&#101&#99&#97&#117&#115&#101 this &#119&#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#111&#110&#108&#121 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 mushroom &#105&#110 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101 &#97&#116&#13&#10&#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#46&#13&#10&#87&#104&#105&#108&#101 the usage of Amanita muscaria among Siberian tribes has generated reports &#111&#102&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#116&#97&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#44 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 &#97&#99&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#115 of fly agaric intoxications do not &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#105&#110&#99&#108&#117&#100&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#112&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#102 &#115&#117&#99&#104 intensely hallucinatory effects. Accordingly, the potent hallucinogenic effects of specific Psilocybes and related species are likely to have had &#97 &#109&#117&#99&#104 &#109&#111&#114&#101 &#115&#105&#103&#110&#105&#102&#105&#99&#97&#110&#116&#13&#10&#105&#110&#102&#108&#117&#101&#110&#99&#101 on early European cultures than the delirium-like visions &#105&#110&#100&#117&#99&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#65&#109&#97&#110&#105&#116&#97&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#99&#97&#114&#105&#97&#44 &#97 species &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#105&#115 &#97&#108&#115&#111 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111 &#105&#110&#100&#117&#99&#101&#13&#10&#117&#110&#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115 and severe somatic side effects.<br> This &#104&#121&#112&#111&#116&#104&#101&#115&#105&#115 &#105&#115 &#99&#111&#114&#114&#111&#98&#111&#114&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#98&#121 data &#102&#114&#111&#109&#13&#10&#99&#111&#109&#112&#114&#101&#104&#101&#110&#115&#105&#118&#101 &#102&#105&#101&#108&#100 &#115&#116&#117&#100&#105&#101&#115 &#99&#111&#110&#100&#117&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#105&#110 Mexico. I believe that historic &#97&#99&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#115 &#105&#110&#99&#108&#117&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101&#100 &#98&#101&#108&#111&#119 - indicate &#97 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#108&#101&#100&#103&#101 &#111&#102 </div> <p align="right"> xican mushroom species, &#115&#111 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#97&#116&#101&#114&#105&#97&#108&#115 &#110&#101&#101&#100 not &#98&#101 &#114&#101&#112&#101&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#105&#115&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#116&#101&#120&#116&#46 However, certain aspects concerning the more recent &#117&#115&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 as well as their conditions &#111&#102 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#116&#104 &#119&#105&#108&#108 &#114&#101&#99&#101&#105&#118&#101 more detailed attention in &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#99&#104&#97&#112&#116&#101&#114&#115&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#105&#110 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#111&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#105&#115 book &#105&#115 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#105&#110&#115&#112&#105&#114&#101 &#102&#117&#114&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#115&#116&#117&#100&#121 of these &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#44&#13&#10&#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#98&#97&#115&#105&#99 &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104 &#101&#102&#102&#111&#114&#116&#115 &#97&#110&#100 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/dung+shrooms+growing.php" title="Dung Shrooms Growing" alt="Dung Shrooms Growing" >Dung Shrooms Growing</a> medical applications of &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#105&#110&#103&#114&#101&#100&#105&#101&#110&#116&#115&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#101&#120&#116&#101&#110&#115&#105&#118&#101 bibliography will help scientists and &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#101&#115 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#102&#117&#114&#116&#104&#101&#114 immerse themselves in this complex area of study. Jochen &#71&#97&#114&#116&#122&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#54 &#45 &#66&#114&#111&#110&#122&#101 doors &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#109&#111&#116&#105&#102 &#101&#110&#116&#105&#116&#108&#101&#100 &#34&#84&#114&#105&#97&#108 and Judgment" at Hildesheim Cathedral, Germany (ca. 1020). CHAPTER 2 REFLECTIONS ON &#84&#72&#69 &#72&#73&#83&#84&#79&#82&#89&#13&#10&#65&#78&#68 &#83&#67&#73&#69&#78&#84&#73&#70&#73&#67 &#83&#84&#85&#68&#89 &#79&#70 MAGIC MUSHROOMS It is remarkable &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#110&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#116&#111 the American continent knew about &#97 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#108&#121 &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101&#13&#10&#110&#117&#109&#98&#101&#114 &#111&#102 natural mind-altering substances compared to early cultures &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#101&#118&#111&#108&#118&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#13&#10&#111&#114 Asia. Botanical evidence does not support the notion that Europe is home &#116&#111 &#102&#101&#119&#101&#114 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99&#13&#10&#112&#108&#97&#110&#116&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#110 other &#114&#101&#103&#105&#111&#110&#115&#46 &#70&#117&#114&#116&#104&#101&#114&#109&#111&#114&#101&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#110&#117&#109&#98&#101&#114 of recently discovered European mushroom &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 &#105&#110&#100&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101 a flourishing psychotropic mycoflora in Europe similar to those found in other countries.<br> It is unlikely &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115&#13&#10&#108&#101&#97&#114&#110&#101&#100 less about local plants and mushrooms through usage and experience than cultures elsewhere in the world. &#77&#111&#115&#116 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121&#44 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108&#13&#10&#107&#110&#111&#119&#108&#101&#100&#103&#101 of &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#112&#108&#97&#110&#116&#115 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#97&#115 lost or destroyed at some time in history, probably as early &#97&#115 &#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#104&#117&#110&#100&#114&#101&#100 &#121&#101&#97&#114&#115&#13&#10&#97&#103&#111&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 discovery that &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#108&#121 &#97&#103&#97&#114&#105&#99&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#40&#65&#109&#97&#110&#105&#116&#97 muscaria) was &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#102&#111&#114 &#105&#116&#115&#13&#10&#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#112&#101&#114&#116&#105&#101&#115 &#105&#110 Siberia invited the conclusion that this mushroom was &#117&#115&#101&#100 &#97&#115 &#97&#13&#10&#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 &#97&#103&#101&#110&#116 in medieval Europe &#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108&#46 &#73&#110&#13&#10&#102&#97&#99&#116&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 is very little evidence from &#116&#104&#101 &#77&#105&#100&#100&#108&#101&#13&#10&#65&#103&#101&#115 &#116&#111 &#105&#110&#100&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100 knowledge of the effects of specific mushrooms on human consciousness. However, I believe that past reports on psychoactive mushrooms &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#99&#97&#117&#115&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#108&#105&#110&#107&#101&#100&#13&#10&#116&#111 &#65&#109&#97&#110&#105&#116&#97 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/dung+shrooms+growing.php" title="Dung Shrooms Growing" alt="Dung Shrooms Growing" >Dung Shrooms Growing</a> muscaria simply &#98&#101&#99&#97&#117&#115&#101 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#119&#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#111&#110&#108&#121 known &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#105&#110 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101 at that time. While the usage &#111&#102 &#65&#109&#97&#110&#105&#116&#97 &#109&#117&#115&#99&#97&#114&#105&#97&#13&#10&#97&#109&#111&#110&#103 &#83&#105&#98&#101&#114&#105&#97&#110 tribes has generated reports of spectacular hallucinations, &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 &#97&#99&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#102&#108&#121 &#97&#103&#97&#114&#105&#99 intoxications do not generally include descriptions of such intensely hallucinatory effects. Accordingly, the potent hallucinogenic effects &#111&#102 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#102&#105&#99 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 related species are likely to have had a &#109&#117&#99&#104 &#109&#111&#114&#101 &#115&#105&#103&#110&#105&#102&#105&#99&#97&#110&#116&#13&#10&#105&#110&#102&#108&#117&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#111&#110 early European &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#108&#105&#114&#105&#117&#109&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#115 induced by Amanita muscaria, a species that is &#97&#108&#115&#111 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111 &#105&#110&#100&#117&#99&#101&#13&#10&#117&#110&#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115 &#97&#110&#100 severe somatic side effects. This hypothesis is corroborated by data from comprehensive field studies conducted in Mexico. I believe that &#104&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#105&#99 &#97&#99&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#115 &#105&#110&#99&#108&#117&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101&#100 &#98&#101&#108&#111&#119 - indicate a knowledge of </p> Mind-altering (psilocybine containing) mushrooms have been traditionally used in religious healing and curing ceremonies by native There are more than 1 dozen species of "magic mushrooms" in Australia and New &#97 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 reported from the following countries: Finland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, The &#78&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115&#44 &#66&#101&#108&#103&#105&#117&#109&#44 &#70&#114&#97&#110&#99&#101&#44&#13&#10&#82&#117&#115&#115&#105&#97&#44 &#80&#111&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 the former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Scotland, England, Wales, Italy and Spain. Unfortunately, there are no comprehensive maps detailing the species's distribution pattern. Traditionally, mycologists have often neglected relatively tiny species, such as &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#44 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#101&#110&#100 &#116&#111 &#115&#104&#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114&#13&#10&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#97&#116&#115 with other, &#109&#111&#114&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#109&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#13&#10&#115&#97&#114&#99&#97&#115&#116&#105&#99 phrase &#34&#84&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#97&#98&#117&#110&#100&#97&#110&#99&#101 wherever &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#110&#100&#34 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#112&#101&#114&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 in reference to the Psilocybe species.<br> Prior to the discovery of psilocybin, the Psilocybe &#103&#101&#110&#117&#115 &#108&#97&#110&#103&#117&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 literature, shrouded in obscurity. To this day, few 189.<br> Psilocybe semilanceata Fr. Worthless] The cap is uniformly conic to bell-shaped, with a pointy or obtuse center forming an almost wart-like protrusion; initially, caps are &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#116&#97&#108&#108&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#121 are wide, margins are bent and curved inward; later on, width &#111&#102 &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 &#49&#46&#53&#45&#52 &#99&#109&#46 Hygrophanous; coloration is a dirtyish olive-brown &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#119&#101&#116&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#117&#99&#101&#110&#116 striate margins; at the center, coloration is ocher or greenish-yellow against an overall shade of &#115&#109&#117&#100&#103&#121 &#112&#97&#108&#101 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 some &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#105&#115&#104 &#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#59 &#111&#110&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#101 margins are banded by a darkcolored, watery stripe around the edge. &#78&#111 &#115&#116&#114&#105&#112&#101&#115 &#111&#114 &#98&#97&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103 evident when mushrooms are completely dried. Lacking a &#118&#101&#105&#108&#44 &#99&#97&#112&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#105&#110&#45&#102&#108&#101&#115&#104&#101&#100&#44 bald, with an easily separable pellicle that remains &#103&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#110&#111&#117&#115&#45&#115&#116&#105&#99&#107&#121 &#102&#111&#114 &#97 &#108&#111&#110&#103 time, &#116&#117&#114&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#104&#105&#110&#121 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#100&#114&#121&#46&#13&#10&#71&#105&#108&#108&#115 are olive brown to blackish &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 with the &#101&#100&#103&#101&#115 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101&#44 &#103&#105&#108&#108 spacing is quite crowded; gill attachment is either &#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 &#108&#105&#110&#101&#97&#114 &#111&#114&#13&#10&#109&#111&#115&#116&#108&#121 &#97&#100&#110&#101&#120&#101&#100&#59 &#117&#112 to 3.5 mm wide; attached at the stem only, &#102&#117&#108&#108&#121 &#100&#101&#116&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115 are elongated to ellipitical in shape, smooth and large, measuring 12-16 u by 6-8,u.<br> Color &#111&#102 &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101 &#100&#117&#115&#116 &#105&#115 blackish purple brown. Stem is very slender, almost &#117&#110&#105&#102&#111&#114&#109&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#105&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#108&#119&#97&#121&#115 twisted, 6-12 cm long and 1.25-2 mm &#116&#104&#105&#99&#107&#44 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#115&#104 &#111&#114 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#105&#115&#104 in &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#59 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 pressure develop &#98&#108&#117&#105&#115&#104&#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#13&#10&#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#46 &#83&#116&#101&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#115&#105&#108&#107&#121 smooth and roughly at the center, &#99&#111&#114&#116&#105&#110&#97&#116&#101 &#102&#105&#98&#114&#105&#108&#115 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#110&#97&#110&#116&#115 of a veil, &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#105&#115 &#98&#114&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#108&#105&#110&#101&#100 with a white &#102&#105&#98&#114&#111&#117&#115 &#99&#111&#114&#100 &#111&#102 &#119&#111&#111&#108&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#116&#101&#120&#116&#117&#114&#101&#46&#13&#10&#87&#104&#101&#110 dry, the &#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#97&#112 is colored pale yellow, while &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#101&#109&#39&#115 &#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#111&#99&#104&#101&#114 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 in color, especially towards the bottom. It is odorless &#97&#110&#100 &#105&#116&#115 &#102&#108&#97&#118&#111&#114 &#105&#115 mild.<br> The mushroom grows from &#65&#117&#103&#117&#115&#116 &#116&#111 &#79&#99&#116&#111&#98&#101&#114&#44 &#102&#114&#101&#113&#117&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121 &#105&#110 gregarious clusters, and &#99&#97&#110&#13&#10&#98&#101 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#105&#110 &#112&#97&#115&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 and &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#114&#111&#97&#100&#119&#97&#121&#115&#44 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#110 dung that has undergone complete decomposition. It is not a particularly &#114&#97&#114&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#49&#49&#40&#97&#98&#111&#118&#101&#41 &#84&#104&#105&#115 excellent &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#112&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 by Michael & Schulz (1927) is &#115&#104&#111&#119&#110 &#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#115 &#111&#114&#105&#103&#105&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121 published in German, with an English translation. Mycologists spa have &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 countries: &#70&#105&#110&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#78&#111&#114&#119&#97&#121&#44&#13&#10&#83&#119&#101&#100&#101&#110&#44 &#68&#101&#110&#109&#97&#114&#107&#44 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#44 Switzerland, Austria, The Netherlands, &#66&#101&#108&#103&#105&#117&#109&#44 &#70&#114&#97&#110&#99&#101&#44&#13&#10&#82&#117&#115&#115&#105&#97&#44 &#80&#111&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#116&#104&#101 former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Scotland, England, Wales, Italy and Spain. Unfortunately, there are no comprehensive maps detailing the species's distribution pattern. Traditionally, mycologists have often neglected relatively tiny species, such as Psilocybe semilanceata, that tend to share their habitats with other, more prominent species.<br> <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/fact+about+shrooms/identify+shrooms.php" title="Fact About Shrooms Identify Shrooms" alt="Fact About Shrooms Identify Shrooms" >Fact About Shrooms Identify Shrooms</a> The sarcastic phrase "The mushrooms occur in abundance wherever mycologists abound" is particularly pertinent in reference to the Psilocybe species.<br> Prior to &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#121 &#111&#102 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/Psilocybe+cubensis+dried.php" title="Psilocybe Dried Dried" alt="Psilocybe Dried Dried" >Psilocybe Dried Dried</a> &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 genus languished in the literature, shrouded in &#111&#98&#115&#99&#117&#114&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#84&#111 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#100&#97&#121&#44 &#102&#101&#119&#13&#10&#49&#56&#57&#46 Psilocybe &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#70&#114&#46 &#87&#111&#114&#116&#104&#108&#101&#115&#115&#93&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#99&#97&#112 is uniformly conic to &#98&#101&#108&#108&#45&#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#100&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97 &#112&#111&#105&#110&#116&#121 or obtuse center forming an almost &#119&#97&#114&#116&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#116&#114&#117&#115&#105&#111&#110&#59 &#105&#110&#105&#116&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#99&#97&#112&#115 are often taller &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#114&#101 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#44 margins are bent &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#117&#114&#118&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#119&#97&#114&#100&#59 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 on, &#119&#105&#100&#116&#104 &#111&#102 &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 1.5-4 cm. Hygrophanous; coloration is a dirtyish olive-brown when wet, with translucent &#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#116&#101 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115&#59 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 center, coloration is &#111&#99&#104&#101&#114 &#111&#114 &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#105&#115&#104&#45&#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119 &#97&#103&#97&#105&#110&#115&#116 an overall shade of smudgy pale yellow &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#105&#115&#104 &#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#59 &#111&#110&#108&#121 the &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#98&#97&#110&#100&#101&#100 &#98&#121 a darkcolored, watery stripe &#97&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#100&#103&#101&#46 &#78&#111 stripes or banding evident when mushrooms &#97&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101&#108&#121&#13&#10&#100&#114&#105&#101&#100&#46 &#76&#97&#99&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#97 veil, &#99&#97&#112&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#105&#110&#45&#102&#108&#101&#115&#104&#101&#100&#44 &#98&#97&#108&#100&#44 with &#97&#110 &#101&#97&#115&#105&#108&#121 &#115&#101&#112&#97&#114&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#112&#101&#108&#108&#105&#99&#108&#101 that remains &#103&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#110&#111&#117&#115&#45&#115&#116&#105&#99&#107&#121 &#102&#111&#114 &#97 &#108&#111&#110&#103 time, turning shiny when dry. Gills are olive brown to blackish purple brown &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101 edges often remaining white, gill spacing is quite crowded; gill attachment is either roughly linear or mostly adnexed; up to 3.5 mm wide; attached at the stem only, fully detached later on. Spores are elongated to ellipitical in shape, smooth and large, measuring &#49&#50&#45&#49&#54 &#117&#13&#10&#98&#121 &#54&#45&#56&#44&#117&#46 &#67&#111&#108&#111&#114 of spore &#100&#117&#115&#116 &#105&#115 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 <i>which mushrooms grow on cow dung</i> brown. Stem is very slender, &#97&#108&#109&#111&#115&#116 &#117&#110&#105&#102&#111&#114&#109&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#105&#110 &#97&#110&#100 always &#116&#119&#105&#115&#116&#101&#100&#44 &#54&#45&#49&#50 &#99&#109 &#108&#111&#110&#103 and 1.<br>25-2 mm thick, yellowish or whitish in color; &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#117&#114&#101 develop &#98&#108&#117&#105&#115&#104&#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#13&#10&#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#46 &#83&#116&#101&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#115&#105&#108&#107&#121 smooth and roughly &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44 &#99&#111&#114&#116&#105&#110&#97&#116&#101 fibrils appear like remnants of a veil, which is brittle and lined with a &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101 &#102&#105&#98&#114&#111&#117&#115 &#99&#111&#114&#100 &#111&#102 wool-like texture.<br> When &#100&#114&#121&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 &#111&#102 the cap is &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100 &#112&#97&#108&#101 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#108&#101 the stem's flesh &#105&#115&#13&#10&#111&#99&#104&#101&#114 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 especially towards &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#111&#116&#116&#111&#109&#46 &#73&#116 &#105&#115 odorless &#97&#110&#100 &#105&#116&#115 &#102&#108&#97&#118&#111&#114 &#105&#115 &#109&#105&#108&#100&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 mushroom grows &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#65&#117&#103&#117&#115&#116 &#116&#111 &#79&#99&#116&#111&#98&#101&#114&#44 frequently in gregarious &#99&#108&#117&#115&#116&#101&#114&#115&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#97&#110&#13&#10&#98&#101 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 in pastures &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#114&#111&#97&#100&#119&#97&#121&#115&#44 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 on dung that has undergone &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#99&#111&#109&#112&#111&#115&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 &#73&#116 &#105&#115 &#110&#111&#116 a particularly rare species. Figure 11(above) This excellent description of Psilocybe semilanceata by Michael & &#83&#99&#104&#117&#108&#122&#13&#10&#40&#49&#57&#50&#55&#41 &#105&#115 &#115&#104&#111&#119&#110 &#104&#101&#114&#101 as originally published in &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97&#110 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#105&#115&#104 translation.<br> Mycologists &#115&#112&#97 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 from the following countries: &#70&#105&#110&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#78&#111&#114&#119&#97&#121&#44&#13&#10&#83&#119&#101&#100&#101&#110&#44 &#68&#101&#110&#109&#97&#114&#107&#44 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#44 Switzerland, Austria, &#84&#104&#101 &#78&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115&#44 &#66&#101&#108&#103&#105&#117&#109&#44 &#70&#114&#97&#110&#99&#101&#44&#13&#10&#82&#117&#115&#115&#105&#97&#44 &#80&#111&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 the &#102&#111&#114&#109&#101&#114 &#67&#122&#101&#99&#104&#111&#115&#108&#111&#118&#97&#107&#105&#97&#44&#13&#10&#72&#117&#110&#103&#97&#114&#121&#44 &#82&#111&#109&#97&#110&#105&#97&#44 &#83&#99&#111&#116&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 England, Wales, Italy &#97&#110&#100 &#83&#112&#97&#105&#110&#46&#13&#10&#85&#110&#102&#111&#114&#116&#117&#110&#97&#116&#101&#108&#121&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#114&#101 &#110&#111 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#114&#101&#104&#101&#110&#115&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#109&#97&#112&#115 detailing the &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#39&#115&#13&#10&#100&#105&#115&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#112&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114&#110&#46 &#84&#114&#97&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115&#13&#10&#104&#97&#118&#101 often &#110&#101&#103&#108&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#108&#121 &#116&#105&#110&#121 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 such as Psilocybe semilanceata, that tend to share &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114&#13&#10&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#97&#116&#115 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#109&#111&#114&#101 prominent species. &#84&#104&#101&#13&#10&#115&#97&#114&#99&#97&#115&#116&#105&#99 &#112&#104&#114&#97&#115&#101 &#34&#84&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 occur in abundance wherever mycologists &#97&#98&#111&#117&#110&#100&#34 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#112&#101&#114&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 &#105&#110 reference to the Psilocybe species. Prior &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#121 &#111&#102 psilocybin, the Psilocybe genus &#108&#97&#110&#103&#117&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#105&#116&#101&#114&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101&#44&#13&#10&#115&#104&#114&#111&#117&#100&#101&#100 &#105&#110 obscurity. To this day, few 189.<br> Psilocybe semilanceata &#70&#114&#46 &#91&#87&#111&#114&#116&#104&#108&#101&#115&#115&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 uniformly &#99&#111&#110&#105&#99 &#116&#111 &#98&#101&#108&#108&#45&#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#100&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 a pointy &#111&#114 &#111&#98&#116&#117&#115&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#97&#110 almost wart-like protrusion; initially, caps &#97&#114&#101 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#116&#97&#108&#108&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#97&#110 they are wide, margins are bent and curved inward; later on, width of cap &#105&#115 &#49&#46&#53&#45&#52 &#99&#109&#46 &#72&#121&#103&#114&#111&#112&#104&#97&#110&#111&#117&#115&#59 coloration is a dirtyish olive-brown when wet, with translucent striate margins; at the center, coloration is ocher or greenish-yellow against &#97&#110 &#111&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108&#108 &#115&#104&#97&#100&#101 &#111&#102 smudgy pale yellow and oftentimes some greenish stains; only the margins are banded by a darkcolored, watery stripe around the edge. No stripes or banding evident when mushrooms are completely dried.<br> Lacking a &#118&#101&#105&#108&#44 &#99&#97&#112&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#105&#110&#45&#102&#108&#101&#115&#104&#101&#100&#44 bald, &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97&#110 &#101&#97&#115&#105&#108&#121 &#115&#101&#112&#97&#114&#97&#98&#108&#101 pellicle that remains gelatinous-sticky for &#97 &#108&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#44 &#116&#117&#114&#110&#105&#110&#103 shiny when dry.<br> Gills are olive &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 in color, &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#100&#103&#101&#115 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101&#44 gill spacing &#105&#115 &#113&#117&#105&#116&#101 &#99&#114&#111&#119&#100&#101&#100&#59 &#103&#105&#108&#108 attachment &#105&#115 &#101&#105&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 &#108&#105&#110&#101&#97&#114 or mostly &#97&#100&#110&#101&#120&#101&#100&#59 &#117&#112 &#116&#111 &#51&#46&#53 mm wide; attached &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#101&#109 &#111&#110&#108&#121&#44 fully detached later on. Spores are elongated to ellipitical in shape, smooth and large, measuring 12-16 u by 6-8,u. Color of spore dust is blackish purple brown. Stem is very slender, almost uniformly thin and always twisted, 6-12 cm long and 1.<br>25-2 mm thick, yellowish or whitish in color; areas subjected to pressure &#100&#101&#118&#101&#108&#111&#112 &#98&#108&#117&#105&#115&#104&#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#13&#10&#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#46 &#83&#116&#101&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#115&#105&#108&#107&#121 smooth and roughly at the center, cortinate fibrils appear like remnants of a veil, which is brittle and &#108&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101 fibrous cord of wool-like texture. When dry, the flesh of the cap is &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100 &#112&#97&#108&#101 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#108&#101 the stem's flesh &#105&#115&#13&#10&#111&#99&#104&#101&#114 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 especially towards &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#111&#116&#116&#111&#109&#46 &#73&#116 &#105&#115 odorless and its flavor is mild. The mushroom &#103&#114&#111&#119&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#65&#117&#103&#117&#115&#116 &#116&#111 October, &#102&#114&#101&#113&#117&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121 &#105&#110 &#103&#114&#101&#103&#97&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#99&#108&#117&#115&#116&#101&#114&#115&#44 and can be found &#105&#110 &#112&#97&#115&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 roadways, growing on dung that has undergone complete decomposition. It &#105&#115 &#110&#111&#116 &#97 &#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 rare species.<br> Figure 11(above) &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#101&#120&#99&#101&#108&#108&#101&#110&#116 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#112&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 Psilocybe semilanceata by Michael &#38 &#83&#99&#104&#117&#108&#122&#13&#10&#40&#49&#57&#50&#55&#41 &#105&#115 &#115&#104&#111&#119&#110 here as originally published in German, with &#97&#110 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#105&#115&#104 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#13&#10&#77&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#115&#112&#97 &#104&#97&#118&#101 been &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#114&#105&#101&#115&#58 &#70&#105&#110&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, &#84&#104&#101 &#78&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115&#44 &#66&#101&#108&#103&#105&#117&#109&#44 &#70&#114&#97&#110&#99&#101&#44&#13&#10&#82&#117&#115&#115&#105&#97&#44 Poland, the &#102&#111&#114&#109&#101&#114 &#67&#122&#101&#99&#104&#111&#115&#108&#111&#118&#97&#107&#105&#97&#44&#13&#10&#72&#117&#110&#103&#97&#114&#121&#44 &#82&#111&#109&#97&#110&#105&#97&#44 &#83&#99&#111&#116&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 England, Wales, Italy and Spain. Unfortunately, there are no comprehensive maps detailing &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#39&#115&#13&#10&#100&#105&#115&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#112&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114&#110&#46 &#84&#114&#97&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115&#13&#10&#104&#97&#118&#101 often &#110&#101&#103&#108&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#108&#121 &#116&#105&#110&#121 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 &#115&#117&#99&#104&#13&#10&#97&#115 Psilocybe semilanceata, that tend to share their habitats with other, more &#112&#114&#111&#109&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#13&#10&#115&#97&#114&#99&#97&#115&#116&#105&#99 &#112&#104&#114&#97&#115&#101 "The mushrooms occur &#105&#110&#13&#10&#97&#98&#117&#110&#100&#97&#110&#99&#101 &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101&#118&#101&#114 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#110&#100&#34 is particularly pertinent in reference to the &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#80&#114&#105&#111&#114 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 discovery of &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#103&#101&#110&#117&#115 &#108&#97&#110&#103&#117&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 in the literature, shrouded in obscurity.<br> To this &#100&#97&#121&#44 &#102&#101&#119&#13&#10&#49&#56&#57&#46 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 Fr. Worthless The cap is uniformly conic to bell-shaped, with a pointy or obtuse center forming an almost wart-like protrusion; initially, caps are often &#116&#97&#108&#108&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#114&#101 wide, margins are bent and curved inward; later on, width of cap is 1.5-4 cm. Hygrophanous; coloration is a dirtyish olive-brown when wet, with translucent striate margins; at the center, coloration is ocher or greenish-yellow against an overall shade of smudgy pale yellow &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#105&#115&#104 &#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#59 only &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#98&#97&#110&#100&#101&#100 by a darkcolored, watery stripe around the edge. &#78&#111 &#115&#116&#114&#105&#112&#101&#115 &#111&#114 &#98&#97&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116 when &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101&#108&#121&#13&#10&#100&#114&#105&#101&#100&#46 &#76&#97&#99&#107&#105&#110&#103 a veil, caps are &#116&#104&#105&#110&#45&#102&#108&#101&#115&#104&#101&#100&#44 &#98&#97&#108&#100&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97&#110 easily separable pellicle that remains gelatinous-sticky &#102&#111&#114 &#97 &#108&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#44 turning shiny when dry. Gills are olive brown to blackish purple brown in color, with the edges often remaining white, gill spacing is quite crowded; gill attachment &#105&#115 &#101&#105&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 &#108&#105&#110&#101&#97&#114 or mostly adnexed; &#117&#112 &#116&#111 &#51&#46&#53 &#109&#109 wide; attached at the stem only, fully detached later &#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#101&#108&#111&#110&#103&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 ellipitical in shape, smooth &#97&#110&#100 &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101&#44 &#109&#101&#97&#115&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#49&#50&#45&#49&#54 u by 6-8,u.<br> Color of spore dust is blackish purple brown. Stem is very &#115&#108&#101&#110&#100&#101&#114&#44 &#97&#108&#109&#111&#115&#116 &#117&#110&#105&#102&#111&#114&#109&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#105&#110 &#97&#110&#100 always twisted, &#54&#45&#49&#50 &#99&#109 &#108&#111&#110&#103 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#49&#46&#50&#53&#45&#50 mm thick, yellowish or &#119&#104&#105&#116&#105&#115&#104 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#59 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 subjected to pressure develop bluishgreen stains. Stems &#97&#114&#101 &#115&#105&#108&#107&#121 &#115&#109&#111&#111&#116&#104 &#97&#110&#100 roughly at the center, &#99&#111&#114&#116&#105&#110&#97&#116&#101 &#102&#105&#98&#114&#105&#108&#115 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#110&#97&#110&#116&#115 &#111&#102 a veil, which is brittle and lined with a white fibrous &#99&#111&#114&#100 &#111&#102 &#119&#111&#111&#108&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#116&#101&#120&#116&#117&#114&#101&#46&#13&#10&#87&#104&#101&#110 &#100&#114&#121&#44 &#116&#104&#101 flesh &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 colored pale yellow, &#119&#104&#105&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#101&#109&#39&#115 &#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 is ocher &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 &#101&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 towards the &#98&#111&#116&#116&#111&#109&#46 &#73&#116 &#105&#115 &#111&#100&#111&#114&#108&#101&#115&#115 and &#105&#116&#115 &#102&#108&#97&#118&#111&#114 &#105&#115 &#109&#105&#108&#100&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 mushroom grows &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#65&#117&#103&#117&#115&#116 &#116&#111 &#79&#99&#116&#111&#98&#101&#114&#44 &#102&#114&#101&#113&#117&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121 in gregarious &#99&#108&#117&#115&#116&#101&#114&#115&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#97&#110&#13&#10&#98&#101 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#105&#110 pastures &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#114&#111&#97&#100&#119&#97&#121&#115&#44 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#110 dung that has undergone complete decomposition. It &#105&#115 &#110&#111&#116 &#97 &#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 rare species. Figure &#49&#49&#40&#97&#98&#111&#118&#101&#41 &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#101&#120&#99&#101&#108&#108&#101&#110&#116 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#112&#116&#105&#111&#110 of Psilocybe semilanceata by &#77&#105&#99&#104&#97&#101&#108 &#38 &#83&#99&#104&#117&#108&#122&#13&#10&#40&#49&#57&#50&#55&#41 &#105&#115 shown here &#97&#115 &#111&#114&#105&#103&#105&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#112&#117&#98&#108&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 &#105&#110 German, with an English translation. Mycologists sp <div align="left"> &#111&#119&#110&#13&#10&#99&#97&#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#100&#101&#97&#116&#104 &#97&#110&#100 disease, &#98&#108&#111&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#115&#116&#111&#109&#97&#99&#104&#115 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#105&#110&#115&#97&#110&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#66&#101&#108&#105&#101&#102&#115 such as these have survived to the present day. They persist, for &#101&#120&#97&#109&#112&#108&#101&#44&#44&#44 &#97&#115&#13&#10&#102&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#115&#112&#101&#101&#99&#104&#44 s u c h as the slick Austrian description of a societal misfit as someone "who ate those madness-inducing mushrooms.<br>" But, there is &#97&#110&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116&#44&#13&#10&#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 legacy as &#119&#101&#108&#108&#46&#13&#10&#70&#108&#101&#115&#104 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#71&#111&#100&#115 &#102&#111&#114 Devil Worshippers The Old &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100&#46 &#77&#121&#99&#101&#110&#97&#101&#97&#110 &#99&#105&#118&#105&#108&#105&#122&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#98&#101&#103&#97&#110 &#119&#105&#116&#104 a mushroom trip -Mushrooms were an &#105&#110&#103&#114&#101&#100&#105&#101&#110&#116 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#97&#109&#98&#114&#111&#115&#105&#97 &#111&#102 Dionysus. Porphyrius, the &#102&#111&#117&#114&#116&#104 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#117&#114&#121 &#76&#97&#116&#105&#110 &#112&#111&#101&#116 and contemporary of Emperor Konstantin, knew that &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101 children of the gods. WHO WAS THE FIRST MAGICIAN? A quasi-cannibalistic ritual, the act of &#101&#97&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#99&#104&#105&#108&#100&#114&#101&#110 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#103&#111&#100&#115 unlocked &#111&#110&#101&#39&#115 &#112&#111&#119&#101&#114 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#116&#104&#101 truly divine. But not all mushrooms enable human beings to enter &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#97&#108&#109 &#111&#102 &#100&#105&#118&#105&#110&#101 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#105&#115 magic power resides in only those fungi &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#97&#115 &#34&#102&#111&#111&#108&#39&#115&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#34&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 were considered &#112&#111&#105&#115&#111&#110&#111&#117&#115&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#98&#101 the spawn of the Devil throughout &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#97&#116&#101 &#77&#105&#100&#100&#108&#101 &#65&#103&#101&#115 and well into modern times. The &#78&#101&#119 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100&#58 &#84&#104&#101 &#65&#122&#116&#101&#99&#115 in Mexico referred to &#97 &#110&#117&#109&#98&#101&#114 &#111&#102 &#115&#109&#97&#108&#108&#44 &#105&#110&#99&#111&#110&#115&#112&#105&#99&#117&#111&#117&#115&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 as teonartacatl, &#111&#114 &#34&#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#71&#111&#100&#115&#46&#34 These sacred mushrooms were eaten during the &#99&#111&#117&#114&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#114&#105&#116&#117&#97&#108&#115 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#110&#100&#101&#100 to contact the Gods &#105&#110 &#111&#114&#100&#101&#114 &#116&#111 &#108&#101&#97&#114&#110 about the world and &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#97&#108&#109 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#105&#118&#105&#110&#101&#46 These &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#13&#10&#114&#105&#116&#117&#97&#108&#115 &#116&#104&#111&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 &#115&#112&#111&#111&#107&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 Catholic Spaniards. &#84&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#101&#97&#116&#101&#114&#115&#44 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110&#108&#121&#13&#10&#116&#104&#111&#117&#103&#104&#116 of as Devil &#119&#111&#114&#115&#104&#105&#112&#112&#101&#114&#115&#44 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#104&#111&#117&#110&#100&#101&#100&#13&#10&#98&#121 &#116&#104&#101 Inquisition. Still, all good things survive the tests <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/top+things+to+do+on+shrooms.php" title="Top Things To Do On Shrooms" alt="Top Things To Do On Shrooms" >Top Things To Do On Shrooms</a> of time, so the cult of &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#13&#10&#101&#97&#116&#101&#114&#115 &#100&#105&#100 &#110&#111&#116 become extinct. Like mycelia underground, the cult &#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#117&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#102&#108&#111&#117&#114&#105&#115&#104&#44 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#97&#116 the proper time in recorded history, in 1957, the fruit of the fully grown mushroom re-surfaced to draw widespread public attention.<br> &#86&#97&#108&#101&#110&#116&#105&#110&#101&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 &#71&#111&#114&#100&#111&#110 &#87&#97&#115&#115&#111&#110 &#98&#101&#99&#97&#109&#101 the heroes of the modern neo-mycophilic movement. Back to the Old World: The &#114&#101&#118&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 &#105&#110&#115&#105&#103&#104&#116&#115 &#103&#97&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#117&#115&#101 of psychoactive mushrooms were so magically wonderful, &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#111&#117&#114 &#110&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 &#34&#102&#111&#111&#108&#39&#115 mushrooms" - which were gene ; considered inedible &#45 &#104&#97&#100 &#116&#111 &#98&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#99&#111&#103&#110&#105&#122&#101&#100 as closely related to the magic mushrooms of Mexico, the flesh of the Aztec Gods.<br> The &#115&#111&#117&#108&#115 &#111&#102 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#105&#110 Mexico and &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121 &#97&#114&#101 &#101&#115&#115&#101&#110&#116&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#109&#97&#100&#101 &#102&#114&#111&#109 the <i>things to bring shrooms</i> same substance: &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#46&#13&#10&#74&#111&#99&#104&#101&#110 &#71&#97&#114&#116&#122 &#104&#97&#115 &#109&#97&#100&#101 &#97&#110 extraordinary contribution to the &#102&#105&#101&#108&#100 &#111&#102 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#121 &#98&#121 embracing Germany's magic mushrooms <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/top+things+to+do+on+shrooms.php" title="Top Things To Do On Shrooms" alt="Top Things To Do On Shrooms" >Top Things To Do On Shrooms</a> and the scientific study and testing &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#102&#117&#110&#103&#105&#46 &#84&#104&#101 research efforts upon &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#98&#111&#111&#107 &#105&#115 based require nothing less than a fearless, brave and courageous consciousness, free of prejudice and &#109&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#111&#98&#105&#97&#46 &#73&#13&#10&#97&#109 &#99&#111&#110&#118&#105&#110&#99&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 a researcher's consciousness infused by the spirit of <b>rhizomorphs P. Cubesis</b> the &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#99&#97&#112&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#111&#102 &#102&#97&#114 deeper scientific insights than we can ever expect from &#116&#104&#101 &#117&#115&#117&#97&#108 &#105&#118&#111&#114&#121 &#116&#111&#119&#101&#114&#13&#10&#97&#99&#97&#100&#101&#109&#105&#99&#115&#44 isolated from reality </div> Most recreational users of Psilocybe cubensis (when grown in vitro) require a dosage of 1 to 2 gm of dried mushrooms to produce an altered state of consciousness; a clinical dosage for Psilocybe cubensis, on the other hand, had previously been reported as ranging from 3 to 5 gm of dried material. This dosage would be comparable to the amount of fungal material consumed for religious purposes in a Mazatec Indian healing and curing ceremony. In 1982, one research team "found that the level of psilocybin and psilocin varies over a factor of 4 among various in vitro cultures of Psilocybe cubensis, while specimens from outdoors varied tenfold." A fresh dosage of Psilocybe cubensis in Australia would be approximately from 1 to 2 large mushrooms weighing up to as much as one fresh ounce, or as many as from 25 to 50 small mushrooms equaling the same weight amount. Ethnopharmacologist Jonathan Ott (1976, 1993) noted that he has observed "the ingestion of from 0.5 gm to 5.9 gm dried weight (10 gm to 40 gm fresh)", of various species of Psilocybe. Dosage for Psilocybe subcubensis would be the same as for Psilocybe cubensis. Both of these latter two species are macroscopically alike. The usual dosage for Copelandia cyanescens required to induce psychedelic visual effects ranges from 1 to 3 large specimens (cap diameter c. 5 mm), or as many as 5 to l0 medium-sized mushrooms (cap diameter c. 2.5 mm); however, personal tolerance to this species may occur with continued use, and some who consume large amounts of this mushroom have reportedly ingested as many as 50 to 200 fresh specimens of various sizes. <p align="right"> &#120&#105&#99&#97&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 so that these materials need not be &#114&#101&#112&#101&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#105&#115&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#116&#101&#120&#116&#46 &#72&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 certain aspects &#99&#111&#110&#99&#101&#114&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#109&#111&#114&#101 &#114&#101&#99&#101&#110&#116 &#117&#115&#101&#115 of these mushrooms as well as their conditions of growth will receive more detailed attention in later chapters. The main purpose &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#98&#111&#111&#107 &#105&#115 to inspire further &#115&#116&#117&#100&#121 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#44&#13&#10&#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#98&#97&#115&#105&#99 research efforts and &#109&#101&#100&#105&#99&#97&#108&#13&#10&#97&#112&#112&#108&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#102 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 ingredients. The &#101&#120&#116&#101&#110&#115&#105&#118&#101 &#98&#105&#98&#108&#105&#111&#103&#114&#97&#112&#104&#121 &#119&#105&#108&#108 &#104&#101&#108&#112&#13&#10&#115&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#115&#116&#115 and other interested mycophiles &#116&#111&#13&#10&#102&#117&#114&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#105&#109&#109&#101&#114&#115&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#109&#115&#101&#108&#118&#101&#115 &#105&#110 this complex area of study. Jochen Gartz Figure 6 - Bronze doors &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#109&#111&#116&#105&#102 &#101&#110&#116&#105&#116&#108&#101&#100 "Trial and Judgment" &#97&#116 &#72&#105&#108&#100&#101&#115&#104&#101&#105&#109 &#67&#97&#116&#104&#101&#100&#114&#97&#108&#44 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121 (ca. &#49&#48&#50&#48&#41&#46&#13&#10&#67&#72&#65&#80&#84&#69&#82 &#50&#13&#10&#82&#69&#70&#76&#69&#67&#84&#73&#79&#78&#83 &#79&#78 &#84&#72&#69 HISTORY AND SCIENTIFIC STUDY &#79&#70 &#77&#65&#71&#73&#67 &#77&#85&#83&#72&#82&#79&#79&#77&#83&#13&#10&#73&#116 &#105&#115 remarkable that &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#110&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97&#110 continent knew about <u>magic mushies nz</u> a &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#108&#121 &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101&#13&#10&#110&#117&#109&#98&#101&#114 &#111&#102 &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108 mind-altering substances compared to early cultures that evolved in Europe or Asia. &#66&#111&#116&#97&#110&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#100&#111&#101&#115 &#110&#111&#116 &#115&#117&#112&#112&#111&#114&#116 the notion that Europe is home to &#102&#101&#119&#101&#114 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99&#13&#10&#112&#108&#97&#110&#116&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 regions. Furthermore, the growing &#110&#117&#109&#98&#101&#114 &#111&#102 &#114&#101&#99&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121 &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#101&#100 European mushroom species containing psilocybin indicate a flourishing psychotropic mycoflora in Europe similar to those found in &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#114&#105&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#73&#116 &#105&#115 &#117&#110&#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121 that early European cultures learned less about local plants and mushrooms through usage and experience than cultures elsewhere in the &#119&#111&#114&#108&#100&#46 &#77&#111&#115&#116 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121&#44 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108&#13&#10&#107&#110&#111&#119&#108&#101&#100&#103&#101 of European &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#112&#108&#97&#110&#116&#115 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#97&#115 lost or &#100&#101&#115&#116&#114&#111&#121&#101&#100 &#97&#116 &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#116&#105&#109&#101 in history, probably as early <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/united+states+coins.php" title="United States Coins" alt="United States Coins" >United States Coins</a> as several hundred years ago.<br> The &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#121 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#108&#121 agaric mushroom (Amanita muscaria) was known for its psychoactive properties &#105&#110 &#83&#105&#98&#101&#114&#105&#97 &#105&#110&#118&#105&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#99&#108&#117&#115&#105&#111&#110 that this mushroom was used as a psychotropic &#97&#103&#101&#110&#116 &#105&#110 &#109&#101&#100&#105&#101&#118&#97&#108 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101 as &#119&#101&#108&#108&#46 &#73&#110&#13&#10&#102&#97&#99&#116&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#105&#115 very little evidence from the Middle Ages to indicate widespread knowledge of &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115 &#111&#102 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#102&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 on human consciousness. However, I believe that past &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#115&#13&#10&#111&#110 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 causally linked to Amanita muscaria simply because &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#119&#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#111&#110&#108&#121 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 psychotropic mushroom &#105&#110 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101 &#97&#116&#13&#10&#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#46&#13&#10&#87&#104&#105&#108&#101 the usage of Amanita muscaria among Siberian tribes has generated &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#116&#97&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#44 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 accounts of fly agaric intoxications do not &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#105&#110&#99&#108&#117&#100&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#112&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#102 &#115&#117&#99&#104 intensely &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#97&#116&#111&#114&#121&#13&#10&#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115&#46&#13&#10&#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103&#108&#121&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#111&#116&#101&#110&#116 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99&#13&#10&#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115 of specific Psilocybes and related species are likely to <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/where+to+find+magic+mushroom/magic+mushroom+video.php" title="Where To Find Magic Mushroom Magic Mushroom Video" alt="Where To Find Magic Mushroom Magic Mushroom Video" >Where To Find Magic Mushroom Magic Mushroom Video</a> &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#104&#97&#100 &#97 &#109&#117&#99&#104 &#109&#111&#114&#101 significant influence on early European cultures &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#108&#105&#114&#105&#117&#109&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#105&#110&#100&#117&#99&#101&#100 &#98&#121 Amanita muscaria, a species that is also known to &#105&#110&#100&#117&#99&#101&#13&#10&#117&#110&#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#101 &#115&#111&#109&#97&#116&#105&#99 side effects. This &#104&#121&#112&#111&#116&#104&#101&#115&#105&#115 &#105&#115 &#99&#111&#114&#114&#111&#98&#111&#114&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#100&#97&#116&#97 <b>truezoom=off_iceUrlFlag=7?_IceUrl=true</b> from comprehensive field studies conducted &#105&#110 &#77&#101&#120&#105&#99&#111&#46&#13&#10&#73 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116 historic accounts including &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101&#100 &#98&#101&#108&#111&#119 &#45 &#105&#110&#100&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101 a knowledge &#111&#102 </p> and familiarity with psychotropic mushrooms in Europe that is most likely derived from usage of Psilocybes and related species, rather than experience with Amanita muscaria. However, it is extremely difficult to reject or confirm this hypothesis, due to the lack of conclusive data available for analysis today. Bwyd Ellylon: A Feast of Fairies in Celebration of the Spirit World Tales of ritualistic mushroom usage have found their way into the realm of myths and legends. For instance, one legend describes a peculiar poisonous mushroom in Wales (British Isles) with the strange name of Bwyd Ellylon, which was considered a delicacy by fairies feasting in celebration of the spirit world. Psilocybe semilanceata is the most important psilocybincontaining mushroom in Europe and it thrives in parts of Great Britain, where the mushroom grows abundantly all across the Welsh countryside during fall season. I would like to thank G. Samorini for pointing out that the Inquisition was unusually cruel and vicious in the Alpine valleys of Valcamonica, Valtrompia and Valtellina (located in the provinces of Brescia and Sandrio in Northern Italy). Many books chronicle countless witch burnings in that region, with particular emphasis on the witches' meetings at the "Monte del Tonale", located at an altitude of 2000 m (ca. 6,000 ft). Field research has shown that plants of the nightshade family ("witching herbs") do not grow at this altitude; even the fly agaric mushroom is rarely found there. By contrast, pastures in the area abound with Psilocybe semilanceata during the fall. Given this historical context, it would seem likely that Psilocybe semilanceata played an important role as a psychotropic agent in the region (see Figure 58, Chapter 7.4). In light of medieval accounts describing the practice of witchcraft, it is interesting to note that a subjective sensation of flying or levitation is among the commonly reported effects of psilocybin intoxication. Berserk Rage of Nordic Warriors In the course of the ideological power struggle between Christianity and the remnants of pagan religions that worshipped Nature, many sources of knowledge were lost. The aggressive repression and eradication of pre-Christian customs all but destroyed the continuity of Europe's original cultural heritage, along with much historic evidence documenting early cultural practices, including the usage of plants and mushrooms for the purpose of temporary alterations of consciousness. Some authors went so far as to blame the fly agaric mushroom for proverbial fits of "berserk rage" attributed to Nordic warriors. Many accounts detailing this phenomenon allude to a "deception of the eyes" (i.e. visual hallucinations). After the Nordic legal system banished the practice of "going berserk", it disappeared quite suddenly during the 12th century. At about the same time, Saxo Grammaticus speculated that the Berserkers may have used mag <div align="right"> was followed by a very vivid sensation of the soul in flight, coupled with feelings of euphoria.<br>When looking out the window into the &#100&#97&#114&#107 &#110&#105&#103&#104&#116 &#111&#102 &#97&#13&#10&#102&#111&#114&#101&#115&#116 &#108&#97&#110&#100&#115&#99&#97&#112&#101&#44 visions of &#115&#116&#114&#97&#110&#103&#101 &#112&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114&#110&#115 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#102&#111&#114&#109&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114&#114&#101&#100&#44 which were deeply impressive and seemed to impart an &#105&#110&#107&#108&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#102 &#101&#116&#101&#114&#110&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#65&#116 the end of four hours, the effects had dissipated without dysphoria or any type of somatic side effect. A control experiment &#102&#111&#114 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#97&#114&#105&#115&#111&#110&#13&#10&#112&#117&#114&#112&#111&#115&#101&#115 &#119&#97&#115 &#112&#101&#114&#102&#111&#114&#109&#101&#100 using &#48&#46&#56 &#103 &#111&#102 &#100&#114&#105&#101&#100&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#46 &#84&#104&#101 onset of symptoms was much more sudden, including a heavy &#102&#108&#111&#119 &#111&#102 &#116&#101&#97&#114&#115&#44&#13&#10&#115&#111 &#116&#104&#97&#116 there was an initial phase of &#97&#110&#120&#105&#101&#116&#121&#46 &#79&#110&#108&#121 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#97 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#112&#104&#97&#115&#101 of the &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#119&#97&#115 &#105&#116 &#112&#111&#115&#115&#105&#98&#108&#101 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#112&#101&#114&#99&#101&#105&#118&#101 ornaments in the form of "underwater streamers", and to appreciate the aesthetically enhanced &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#115&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 regular pattern of. involuntary intoxications is &#97 &#103&#111&#111&#100 &#105&#110&#100&#105&#99&#97&#116&#111&#114 &#102&#111&#114 the large &#115&#99&#111&#112&#101&#13&#10&#111&#102 &#101&#120&#112&#97&#110&#115&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#73&#110&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 aeruginascens into new habitats during &#116&#104&#101 &#49&#57&#56&#48&#115&#46 &#70&#111&#114 &#101&#120&#97&#109&#112&#108&#101&#44 at the time of the &#105&#110&#105&#116&#105&#97&#108 &#105&#110&#116&#111&#120&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#45 &#119&#104&#101&#110 the species was still restricted to &#97 &#102&#101&#119 &#101&#97&#115&#105&#108&#121 &#113&#117&#97&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#97&#98&#108&#101&#13&#10&#99&#111&#108&#108&#101&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 - the mushrooms had spread from Potsdam &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 in 1982, and from there moved on to &#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#105&#110 the vicinity, where <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/fact+about+shrooms/inocybe+corydalina.php" title="Fact About Shrooms Inocybe Corydalina" alt="Fact About Shrooms Inocybe Corydalina" >Fact About Shrooms Inocybe Corydalina</a> more than 150 mushrooms were found (see Figure 34). Symbiosis With &#84&#114&#101&#101&#115&#13&#10&#83&#116&#97&#114&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#110 &#108&#97&#116&#101 &#77&#97&#121 &#49&#57&#56&#52&#44 &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 bodies of the &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#99&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#98&#101 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 in &#97&#98&#117&#110&#100&#97&#110&#99&#101 &#97&#116&#13&#10&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#108&#101&#115&#115 &#110&#101&#119 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 across the Brandenburg region of &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#121 &#116&#101&#110&#100 &#116&#111 grow near the roots &#111&#102 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116 &#100&#101&#99&#105&#100&#117&#111&#117&#115 &#116&#114&#101&#101&#115 (Populus, Tilia, Quercus, Betula), &#111&#110 &#108&#97&#119&#110&#115 &#105&#110 &#112&#97&#114&#107&#115 and gardens, at the edges of &#116&#114&#97&#105&#108&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 paved margin areas of tree-lined &#115&#105&#100&#101&#119&#97&#108&#107&#115 &#40&#119&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#121 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/conocybe+cyanopus.php" title="Cyanopus Contact Cyanopus" alt="Cyanopus Contact Cyanopus" >Cyanopus Contact Cyanopus</a> &#109&#97&#121 even grow &#111&#110 &#98&#97&#114&#101&#44 &#115&#97&#110&#100&#121 &#115&#111&#105&#108&#41 &#97&#115 well as amongst the greenery of &#114&#101&#115&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116&#105&#97&#108 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 suburbs and communities in and around &#66&#101&#114&#108&#105&#110&#46&#13&#10&#72&#101&#114&#101&#105&#110 &#108&#105&#101&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#111&#115&#116 marked difference between Inocybe aeruginascens &#97&#110&#100 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#13&#10&#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 species: Inocybe aeruginascens grows &#111&#110&#108&#121 &#105&#110 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#104&#117&#109&#97&#110 development.<br> Their &#112&#114&#105&#109&#101 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 middle of villages &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#111&#119&#110&#115&#44 &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#121 grow locally much like other Inocybe species. &#84&#104&#101&#121 &#109&#97&#121&#13&#10&#116&#101&#109&#112&#111&#114&#97&#114&#105&#108&#121 &#112&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#101 &#109&#97&#115&#115 quantities of fruiting bodies, in those locations &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#121&#112&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#97&#116&#115&#13&#10&#102&#111&#114 the edible varieties of the fairy ring &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#46&#13&#10&#83&#111 &#102&#97&#114&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#111&#115&#116 abundant crop of fruiting bodies was observed &#105&#110 &#49&#57&#56&#55&#44 &#100&#117&#101 &#116&#111 very wet weather conditions, which allowed the mushrooms to &#116&#104&#114&#105&#118&#101&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#121&#101&#97&#114&#115 were comparatively dry and the species &#104&#97&#114&#100&#108&#121 &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116&#101&#100 &#97&#116 &#97&#108&#108&#46 &#73&#116 &#119&#97&#115&#110&#39&#116&#13&#10&#117&#110&#116&#105&#108 1990 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#97 &#102&#101&#119 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 re-emerged at &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#99&#108&#97&#115&#115&#105&#99 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#110 &#80&#111&#116&#115&#100&#97&#109&#46 &#68&#101&#115&#112&#105&#116&#101 1989 having been &#97 &#98&#97&#100 &#121&#101&#97&#114 &#102&#111&#114 mushrooms, it &#119&#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#121&#101&#97&#114&#13&#10&#119&#104&#101&#110 &#73&#110&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 aeruginascens &#119&#97&#115 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#102&#111&#114 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 time at four locations in and around Rostock, a &#99&#105&#116&#121 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#111&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#69&#97&#115&#116&#101&#114&#110 German coast, which is famous for its wet climate.<br> Finding the mushrooms at &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#105&#115 &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#99&#101 for a mu </div> This document provides complete directions for cultivating psilocybin There are more than 1 dozen species of "magic mushrooms" in Australia and New <p <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/muscariavspsilocybe.php" title="Muscariavspsilocybe" alt="Muscariavspsilocybe" >Muscariavspsilocybe</a> align="left"> <b>Shrooms Shrooms</b> Dosages for &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#97&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110&#97 &#71&#117&#122&#109&#225&#110 &#38 magic mushrooms <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/liberty+cap+mushrooms+cow+pasture.php" title="PASTURE Articles PASTURE Articles PASTURE Articles CAP Articles CAP" alt="PASTURE Articles PASTURE Articles PASTURE Articles CAP Articles CAP" >PASTURE Articles PASTURE Articles PASTURE Articles CAP Articles CAP</a> &#87&#97&#116&#108&#105&#110&#103&#44 Psilocybe eucalypta Guzmán & </p> In addition, many early users of "magic mushrooms" in Australia may have first become aware of their mind-altering and visionary effects by reading the published literature or the many news items appearing in the popular Australian press during the late l960's and early l970's. These news items often described both accidental and deliberate intoxication's which resulted from the ingestion of several varieties of "magic mushrooms". For example, in 1972, one local newspaper report provided an account regarding the use of these mushrooms by young teenagers at a local high school in Brisbane: "...children at a suburban school are getting high on mushrooms called 'Gold Tops.' The mushrooms are common along the Brisbane River near Toowing High School, and children in search of `kicks' have been experimenting with them (Unsigned, 1972)." It would be very obvious to anyone who read this above mentioned news item, when it appeared in print, that those searching for hallucinogenic mushrooms would be able to find them if they so desired. There is yet another factor that may have played a significant role in promoting interest in the use of psychoactive mushrooms in Australia and NZ. Some drug users or mycophillic individuals may have read or heard of R. Gordon Wasson's personal account of his adventurous rediscovery of an hallucinogenic mushroom cult among the Mazatec Indians of Southern Mexico. Dr. Wasson reported the ceremonial use of certain mushrooms as divinatory substances among the Mazatecs and other native peoples in Oaxaca, Mexico (see Wasson, 1957). This journalistic report of Wasson's research expedition appeared in an international edition of Life Magazine in the late l950's, providing many drug users and others with the incentive to seek out, find, and eventually experiment with these mushrooms. <p align="right"> &#111&#119&#110&#13&#10&#99&#97&#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#100&#101&#97&#116&#104 and &#100&#105&#115&#101&#97&#115&#101&#44 &#98&#108&#111&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#115&#116&#111&#109&#97&#99&#104&#115 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#105&#110&#115&#97&#110&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#66&#101&#108&#105&#101&#102&#115 such &#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#115&#117&#114&#118&#105&#118&#101&#100 to the present day. &#84&#104&#101&#121 &#112&#101&#114&#115&#105&#115&#116&#44 &#102&#111&#114 &#101&#120&#97&#109&#112&#108&#101&#44&#44&#44 as figures of speech, s u <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/walter+breen/cow+shrooms.php" title="Walter Breen Cow Shrooms" alt="Walter Breen Cow Shrooms" >Walter Breen Cow Shrooms</a> &#99 &#104 &#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101 slick Austrian description of a &#115&#111&#99&#105&#101&#116&#97&#108 &#109&#105&#115&#102&#105&#116 &#97&#115 &#115&#111&#109&#101&#111&#110&#101 "who ate those madness-inducing mushrooms." But, &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#105&#115 &#97&#110&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#118&#101&#114&#121 different, magic mushroom legacy as well. Flesh of &#116&#104&#101 &#71&#111&#100&#115 &#102&#111&#114 &#68&#101&#118&#105&#108 Worshippers The Old World. Mycenaean civilization began with a mushroom &#116&#114&#105&#112 &#45&#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101&#13&#10&#97&#110 &#105&#110&#103&#114&#101&#100&#105&#101&#110&#116 in &#116&#104&#101 &#97&#109&#98&#114&#111&#115&#105&#97 &#111&#102 &#68&#105&#111&#110&#121&#115&#117&#115&#46&#13&#10&#80&#111&#114&#112&#104&#121&#114&#105&#117&#115&#44 the fourth century Latin poet &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#116&#101&#109&#112&#111&#114&#97&#114&#121 &#111&#102 &#69&#109&#112&#101&#114&#111&#114 &#75&#111&#110&#115&#116&#97&#110&#116&#105&#110&#44 knew that magic &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#104&#105&#108&#100&#114&#101&#110 &#111&#102 the gods. WHO WAS THE FIRST MAGICIAN? A quasi-cannibalistic ritual, &#116&#104&#101 &#97&#99&#116 &#111&#102 &#101&#97&#116&#105&#110&#103 the children of the gods unlocked one's power to experience the truly &#100&#105&#118&#105&#110&#101&#46 &#66&#117&#116 &#110&#111&#116 &#97&#108&#108&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 enable human beings to enter the realm &#111&#102 &#100&#105&#118&#105&#110&#101 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 power resides &#105&#110 &#111&#110&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 known &#97&#115 &#34&#102&#111&#111&#108&#39&#115&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#34&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#119&#101&#114&#101 considered poisonous and &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#98&#101 &#116&#104&#101 spawn &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#68&#101&#118&#105&#108&#13&#10&#116&#104&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#97&#116&#101 Middle Ages and &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#105&#110&#116&#111&#13&#10&#109&#111&#100&#101&#114&#110 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#78&#101&#119 World: The Aztecs in &#77&#101&#120&#105&#99&#111&#13&#10&#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#97 &#110&#117&#109&#98&#101&#114 of small, inconspicuous mushrooms as teonartacatl, or &#34&#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#71&#111&#100&#115&#46&#34 &#84&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#115&#97&#99&#114&#101&#100 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 were eaten during the &#99&#111&#117&#114&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#114&#105&#116&#117&#97&#108&#115 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#110&#100&#101&#100 to contact the Gods in order to learn &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#111&#114&#108&#100 &#97&#110&#100 the realm of the divine. These magic mushroom rituals thoroughly spooked the Catholic Spaniards.<br> The mushroom eaters, &#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110&#108&#121&#13&#10&#116&#104&#111&#117&#103&#104&#116 &#111&#102 &#97&#115 &#68&#101&#118&#105&#108 &#119&#111&#114&#115&#104&#105&#112&#112&#101&#114&#115&#44 were hounded by the Inquisition.<br> Still, all good things &#115&#117&#114&#118&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#116&#101&#115&#116&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#44 so the cult of &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#13&#10&#101&#97&#116&#101&#114&#115 &#100&#105&#100 &#110&#111&#116 become extinct.<br> Like mycelia underground, the cult continued to flourish, and at the proper time in recorded history, in 1957, the fruit of the fully grown mushroom &#114&#101&#45&#115&#117&#114&#102&#97&#99&#101&#100&#13&#10&#116&#111 &#100&#114&#97&#119 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100 &#112&#117&#98&#108&#105&#99 &#97&#116&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 Valentine and Gordon Wasson became &#116&#104&#101 &#104&#101&#114&#111&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#109&#111&#100&#101&#114&#110 &#110&#101&#111&#45&#109&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#105&#99 movement.<br> Back &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#79&#108&#100 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100&#58 The revelations and &#105&#110&#115&#105&#103&#104&#116&#115 &#103&#97&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 use &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#115&#111 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108&#108&#121 wonderful, that our native European &#34&#102&#111&#111&#108&#39&#115 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#34 &#45 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104&#13&#10&#119&#101&#114&#101 gene ; considered inedible - had to be recognized as closely related to the magic mushrooms of Mexico, &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 Aztec Gods.<br> The souls of magic &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#105&#110 &#77&#101&#120&#105&#99&#111&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121 are essentially made from the same substance: psilocybin. Jochen Gartz has made an extraordinary contribution to the field of mycology by embracing Germany's magic mushrooms and the scientific study and testing of these &#102&#117&#110&#103&#105&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104&#13&#10&#101&#102&#102&#111&#114&#116&#115 &#117&#112&#111&#110 which this book is &#98&#97&#115&#101&#100 &#114&#101&#113&#117&#105&#114&#101&#13&#10&#110&#111&#116&#104&#105&#110&#103 &#108&#101&#115&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#110 <H2>shrooms drawing of death trees</H2> a fearless, brave &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#111&#117&#114&#97&#103&#101&#111&#117&#115&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#44 &#102&#114&#101&#101 &#111&#102 prejudice and &#109&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#111&#98&#105&#97&#46 &#73&#13&#10&#97&#109 &#99&#111&#110&#118&#105&#110&#99&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#97 &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104&#101&#114&#39&#115 consciousness infused by the spirit of the &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#99&#97&#112&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#111&#102 far deeper scientific insights &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#119&#101&#13&#10&#99&#97&#110 &#101&#118&#101&#114 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#99&#116 from &#116&#104&#101 &#117&#115&#117&#97&#108 &#105&#118&#111&#114&#121 &#116&#111&#119&#101&#114&#13&#10&#97&#99&#97&#100&#101&#109&#105&#99&#115&#44 isolated from &#114&#101&#97&#108&#105&#116&#121 </p> ed and large numbers of studies were conducted, primarily with LSD. These investigators sought to discover the receptor binding sites for hallucinogenic compounds in the brain and to understand the mechanisms underlying the genesis of psychedelic visions. Today, we still lack a sound theoretical framework able to explain the relationship between chemical compounds and the manifestation of their psychoactivity. Even though basic research is certainly important, its methods, unfortunately, are often a function of a rather one-sided pharmacological approach to investigating the effects of psilocybin, LSD and mescaline - an approach that is, in fact, too narrow to address the remarkably unusual nature of these substances and their effects. Misunderstandings between pharmacologists and toxicologists on the one hand and psychiatrists and psychologists on the other can often be traced all the way back to the 1950's, creating a legacy of disputes and arguments that have yet to be resolved. S. Grof undertook the tedious task of analyzing 5,000 experimental LSD protocols in an effort to isolate "absolute" symptoms that are reported or occur all of the time. His results were negative. According to Grof, hallucinogenic substances are non-specific triggers causing a sequence of altered states of consciousness, which do not fit the syndrome labeled "toxic psychosis". Rather, it is the individual's personality, along with the experimental setting that significantly shape the nature of the psychedelic experience. This view is shared by a majority of experts with considerable experience in conducting psychedelics-assisted psychotherapy. Even "real" somatic symptoms, such as nausea or vomiting, can often be controlled through psychological intervention techniques administered by trained professionals. A Plethora of Names The broad range of possible experiences inspired the use of labels other than "hallucinogens", with widely differing semantic connotations: entheogens, psychedelics, illusionogens, psycholytics, psychomimetics, psychodysleptica, psychoemetics and others. "Phantastica" (Lewin) is the oldest label ever used to describe this class of substances. This term successfully evokes dream-like, fanciful aspects of the experience, as well as the potential for euphoric and dysphoric emotional overtones. More recent terminology often says more about semantic biases of those who use the labels than about any factual, objective characteristics of the alkaloids they refer to. Accordingly, official antidrug propaganda since the 1960's has disparaged "psychedelics" as excessively glamorous and too positive a label, as the term was popular among Timothy Leary's fans and supporters. When used in low doses or for the first time, these substances are most likely to bring about a kind of magical transformation of surroundings, with a heightened ability to perceive subtle differences along the color spectru , and who gorge themselves on &#111&#117&#114 &#116&#97&#120 &#100&#111&#108&#108&#97&#114&#115&#46&#13&#10&#73 &#109&#101&#116 Jochen Gartz shortly after the fall of the Berlin Wall at the third symposium &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 &#67&#111&#108&#108&#101&#103&#101 &#102&#111&#114 the Study of Consciousness (ECSC) in Freiburg, Germany. Our encounter was my first &#99&#111&#110&#116&#97&#99&#116 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97 &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104&#101&#114 &#102&#114&#111&#109 the former East Germany.<br> &#74&#111&#99&#104&#101&#110 &#71&#97&#114&#116&#122&#39&#115 &#101&#110&#116&#104&#117&#115&#105&#97&#115&#116&#105&#99 &#108&#101&#99&#116&#117&#114&#101&#13&#10&#119&#97&#115 a truly consciousnessexpanding event, &#104&#105&#115&#13&#10&#119&#111&#114&#100&#115 &#98&#114&#101&#97&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#100&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#114&#97&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#98&#111&#114&#100&#101&#114&#115 and crossing over &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#110&#101&#119 &#116&#101&#114&#114&#105&#116&#111&#114&#121&#46 &#84&#104&#101 magic mushrooms &#115&#112&#111&#107&#101 &#116&#104&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104 &#104&#105&#109 &#45 with &#110&#111 &#116&#114&#97&#99&#101 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#100&#111&#103&#109&#97 &#111&#114 ideology - &#105&#110&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#116&#114&#97&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#116&#114&#117&#101 &#97&#110&#97&#114&#99&#104&#121 &#116&#104&#97&#116 is &#116&#104&#101 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#109&#97&#114&#107 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#46 What I heard was unbelievable.<br> Jochen &#115&#112&#111&#107&#101 &#111&#102 &#97 &#34&#110&#101&#119&#34 psychedelic mushroom and its migration. The mycelia had spread in concentric circles outward &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#76&#101&#105&#112&#122&#105&#103&#44 &#106&#117&#109&#112&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#97&#108&#108 &#112&#111&#108&#105&#116&#105&#99&#97&#108 borders.<br> Finally, &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#121&#99&#101&#108&#105&#97&#13&#10&#114&#101&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 &#87&#101&#115&#116 German soil, the hated Berlin Wall crumbled. Could there possibly &#98&#101 &#97 &#99&#111&#110&#110&#101&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#98&#101&#116&#119&#101&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 evolution of &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 evolution of our consciousness? Could a mushroom have contributed to the resolution of our political conflicts? In &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#97&#115&#116&#44 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magicsporesoregon.php" title="Magicsporesoregon" alt="Magicsporesoregon" >Magicsporesoregon</a> &#112&#111&#108&#105&#116&#105&#99&#105&#97&#110&#115&#44 &#101&#118&#101&#110 popes, &#104&#97&#100&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#111&#119&#110 &#106&#101&#115&#116&#101&#114&#115 &#97&#110&#100 magicians, who functioned &#97&#115&#13&#10&#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#117&#114&#101 &#114&#101&#108&#101&#97&#115&#101 &#118&#97&#108&#118&#101&#115 &#105&#110 the machinations of political power struggles. It is obvious that a country &#119&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#99&#104&#97&#110&#99&#101&#108&#108&#111&#114 &#105&#115 &#98&#101&#105&#110&#103 pelted &#119&#105&#116&#104&#13&#10&#101&#103&#103&#115&#44 &#117&#114&#103&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121 &#110&#101&#101&#100&#115 &#97 new breed of magician &#119&#104&#111&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101 &#97&#98&#108&#101 &#116&#111 &#114&#101&#97&#100&#106&#117&#115&#116 reality. But today, &#110&#111 &#97&#115&#112&#105&#114&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#105&#97&#110 &#115&#104&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#103&#111 about &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#116&#97&#115&#107 &#119&#105&#116&#104&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#105&#115&#13&#10&#98&#111&#111&#107 as a guide for the wondrous journey into &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#97&#108&#109 &#111&#102 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#46&#13&#10&#67&#104&#114&#105&#115&#116&#105&#97&#110 &#82&#100&#116&#115&#99&#104&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 5 &#45 &#34&#65&#110&#116&#104&#114&#111&#112&#111&#109&#111&#114&#112&#104&#105&#99 &#66&#101&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#69&#110&#103&#97&#103&#101&#100 in Mushroom Dance" 10,000-year-old rock drawing &#105&#110 &#84&#97&#115&#115&#105&#108&#105&#44 &#83&#97&#104&#97&#114&#97 &#40&#65&#108&#103&#101&#114&#105&#97&#41&#13&#10&#67&#72&#65&#80&#84&#69&#82 1 I &#66&#69&#76&#73&#69&#86&#69 &#84&#72&#69 &#84&#73&#77&#69 &#72&#65&#83 COME FOR A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF &#78&#69&#87&#13&#10&#70&#73&#78&#68&#73&#78&#71&#83 &#70&#82&#79&#77 &#84&#72&#69 &#70&#73&#69&#76&#68&#83 &#79&#70 &#77&#89&#67&#79&#76&#79&#71&#89&#44 &#84&#65&#88&#79&#78&#79&#77&#89 AND &#78&#65&#84&#85&#82&#65&#76&#13&#10&#80&#82&#79&#68&#85&#67&#84&#83 &#67&#72&#69&#77&#73&#83&#84&#82&#89&#13&#10&#87&#104&#101&#110 &#82&#46&#71&#46 &#87&#97&#115&#115&#111&#110&#44 R. Heim &#97&#110&#100 &#65&#46&#13&#10&#72&#111&#102&#109&#97&#110&#110 &#98&#101&#103&#97&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 interdisciplinary research program to study the Mexican species &#111&#102&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#117&#115&#97&#103&#101 in Mexican mushroom cults, their efforts culminated in a 1958 &#108&#97&#110&#100&#109&#97&#114&#107 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 isolation, molecular structure and synthesis of the mushrooms' &#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#105&#110&#103&#114&#101&#100&#105&#101&#110&#116&#115&#58 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#105&#110&#46 Several years later, these substances were also &#105&#100&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#97 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 of mushroom in Europe, Psilocybe &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#98&#101&#99&#97&#109&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 in a series of &#110&#101&#119&#108&#121 &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#83&#105&#110&#99&#101&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101&#110&#44 psychoactive mushrooms from other &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#13&#10&#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#119&#105&#116&#104 increasing frequency. As part of my analytical &#119&#111&#114&#107 &#100&#101&#100&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101&#100&#13&#10&#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#105&#100&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 naturally occurring chemicals, I had the good fortune to &#98&#101 &#112&#97&#114&#116 &#111&#102 &#97&#13&#10&#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104 team that studied &#97&#108&#107&#97&#108&#111&#105&#100&#115 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#105&#110 &#97&#13&#10&#118&#97&#114&#105&#101&#116&#121 of mushroom species. Now &#73 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#116&#105&#109&#101 &#104&#97&#115 come for a &#99&#111&#109&#112&#114&#101&#104&#101&#110&#115&#105&#118&#101 &#114&#101&#118&#105&#101&#119 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#110&#101&#119 &#102&#105&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103&#115 from the &#102&#105&#101&#108&#100&#115 &#111&#102 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#121&#44&#13&#10&#116&#97&#120&#111&#110&#111&#109&#121 &#97&#110&#100 natural products chemistry. Wasson and his successors have already provided detailed accounts pertaining &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#104&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#121 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#115&#116&#117&#100&#121 of the Me Most recreational users of Psilocybe cubensis (when grown in vitro) require a dosage of e creek on wood chips of Carpinus, Alnus and Salix, on raw compost mixtures of Picea, Pinus and Larix needles, as Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Figure 21 - Fruiting curve of Psilocybe cyanescens based on observations at several locations in the former Czechoslovakia. The mycelia make use of different kinds of plant debris and even grow on wet cardboard, where they develop into rhizomorphs just like they would in nature. Rhizomorphs are thick strands of mycelia that serve to transport nutrients and water. They also develop intense blue stains (see Figure 22). Figure 23 Distribution pattern of Psilocybe cyanescens in Germany and adjacent areas (according to Krieglsteiner). Locations are indicated by black dots. Figure 22 Psilocybe bohemica rhizomorphs growing on wet cardboard. Figure 24 - Psilocybe cyanescens at a natural location (USA). Figure 25 - Psilocybe bohemica on twigs and leaves. Impressive Experiences Psilocybe bohemica is a very psychoactive species. Its effects are vividly documented in the following account of one natural scientist's experience as part of controlled clinical trials in Prague: About 30 mg of psilocybin in mushroom tissue was prepared in hot water, with effects already noticeable ten minutes after ingestion. I grew increasingly quiet. At first, my legs began to tingle, then my underarms as well. Aside from a deeper breathing rhythm, few other somatic effects were noted. Initially there were fits of laughter caused by unusual cognitive associations; this laughter also affected the two "sober" guides. A growing hyperacuity interfered with the ability to listen to music, so that Vivaldi's "Springtime" caused painful stabs inside the brain. I compared the pain to that caused by a "sawing knife". The experimenters appeared bloated and yellow... Existing bodily characteristics, such as thinning hair stimulated a person's illusionary transformation into a monk with tonsure. Their voices also appeared reverent and, from a somewhat paranoid point of view, these gentlemen at times seemed to be working a switching station that, for some reasons, was my enemy. At the same time, I found both of them to be quite likeable. During this time period, the other female subject perceived fantastic images of moving colors and saw visions of her whole life unfolding behind closed eyes. During this period, I had the distinct impression that an electrical current was flowing through my body, which was not an uncomfortable sensation. About three hours later, the gentlemen retired to the kitchen and the nature of the experience changed quite drastically. At first I felt as if my legs were increasingly merging into the wall, a very comfortable experience. In a state of utter clarity of consciousness, I finally felt as if I had no body at all. I said. "The most descriptive expression is the experience of a pure soul". Using words as triggers, we were able to induce shared experiences o <div align="right"> &#69&#120&#105&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#105&#110&#100&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101&#115 that man in the Old &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100 &#8212&#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#44 &#65&#115&#105&#97&#44 &#65&#102&#114&#105&#99&#97&#44 and &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#8212&#104&#97&#115 &#109&#97&#100&#101 &#108&#101&#115&#115 &#117&#115&#101 of native &#112&#108&#97&#110&#116&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#115&#104&#114&#117&#98&#115 &#102&#111&#114 their hallucinogenic properties <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/identifyingshrooms.php" title="Identifyingshrooms" alt="Identifyingshrooms" >Identifyingshrooms</a> than &#104&#97&#115 &#109&#97&#110 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 New World. There is little &#114&#101&#97&#115&#111&#110 &#116&#111 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116 the vegetation &#111&#102 &#111&#110&#101 &#104&#97&#108&#102 &#111&#102 the globe is poorer or richer in &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99 &#112&#114&#111&#112&#101&#114&#116&#105&#101&#115 than the other half. Why, then, should there be such disparity? Has &#109&#97&#110 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#79&#108&#100 World simply not discovered many of &#116&#104&#101 &#110&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99 &#112&#108&#97&#110&#116&#115&#63 Are some of them too toxic in other ways to be utilized? Or has &#109&#97&#110 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#79&#108&#100 World been culturally less interested &#105&#110 &#110&#97&#114&#99&#111&#116&#105&#99&#115&#63 &#87&#101 &#104&#97&#118&#101 no &#114&#101&#97&#108 &#97&#110&#115&#119&#101&#114&#46 &#66&#117&#116 &#119&#101 do know that &#116&#104&#101 &#79&#108&#100 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100 &#104&#97&#115 fewer known species employed hallucinogenically than &#100&#111&#101&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#78&#101&#119 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100&#58 compared with only 15 &#111&#114 &#50&#48 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#117&#115&#101&#100 in the Eastern Hemisphere, the species used hallucinogenically in the Western Hemisphere number more than &#49&#48&#48&#33 &#89&#101&#116 &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#111&#102 the <b>shroomers</b> Old World hallucinogens today hold places of primacy throughout the world. Cannabis, undoubtedly &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100 &#111&#102 all the hallucinogens, &#105&#115 &#112&#101&#114&#104&#97&#112&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#101&#115&#116 example. &#84&#104&#101 &#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#115&#111&#108&#97&#110&#97&#99&#101&#111&#117&#115 &#105&#110&#103&#114&#101&#100&#105&#101&#110&#116&#115 of medieval witches' brews—henbane, nightshade, &#98&#101&#108&#108&#97&#100&#111&#110&#110&#97&#44 shroom cow fungus &#97&#110&#100 &#109&#97&#110&#100&#114&#97&#107&#101&#8212&#103&#114&#101&#97&#116&#108&#121 &#105&#110&#102&#108&#117&#101&#110&#99&#101&#100 European philosophy, medicine, and &#101&#118&#101&#110 &#104&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#121 &#102&#111&#114 &#109&#97&#110&#121 &#121&#101&#97&#114&#115&#46 Some &#112&#108&#97&#121&#101&#100 &#97&#110 &#101&#120&#116&#114&#97&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#97&#114&#105&#108&#121 &#118&#105&#116&#97&#108 religious role in the early Aryan cultures of northern India. The &#114&#111&#108&#101 &#111&#102 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#115 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 cultural and social development of many areas &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#79&#108&#100 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100 is &#111&#110&#108&#121 &#110&#111&#119 &#98&#101&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#110&#118&#101&#115&#116&#105&#103&#97&#116&#101&#100&#46 At every turn, &#105&#116&#115 &#101&#120&#116&#101 </div> <p align="justify"> &#84&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#106&#111&#114&#105&#116&#121 &#111&#102 &#97&#100&#118&#101&#114&#115&#101 physical effects or &#110&#101&#103&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#114&#101&#97&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#112&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#101&#100 by "magic &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#34 &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#114&#101&#115&#117&#108&#116 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#105&#110&#97&#112&#112&#114&#111&#112&#114&#105&#97&#116&#101 set and expectation, or because of improper dosage, &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#109&#97&#121 &#118&#97&#114&#121 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101&#114&#97&#98&#108&#121 among consumers, different mushroom species, or &#101&#118&#101&#110 &#119&#105&#116&#104&#105&#110 &#97&#110 &#105&#110&#100&#105&#118&#105&#100&#117&#97&#108 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101 question of &#100&#111&#115&#97&#103&#101 &#105&#115 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#99&#111&#110&#102&#117&#115&#101&#100 by the variation &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#111&#117&#114&#99&#101 &#111&#102 the hallucinogenic mushroom species which is consumed.<br> For example, Psilocybe &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115&#44 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#112&#105&#99&#107&#101&#100 &#97&#110&#100 eaten from its natural dung &#40&#109&#97&#110&#117&#114&#101&#41 &#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#97&#116&#44 &#112&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#101&#115 &#97 relatively mild mindaltering experience, which is evident from the large amounts of fresh specimens needed to &#97&#99&#104&#105&#101&#118&#101 &#97 &#116&#104&#114&#101&#115&#104&#111&#108&#100 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#46 However when grown in vitro (indoor laboratory cultivation and/or illicit cultivation), Psilocybe cubensis apparently can &#112&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#101 &#97 &#109&#111&#114&#101 &#112&#111&#116&#101&#110&#116 strain capable &#111&#102 &#105&#110&#100&#117&#99&#105&#110&#103 &#97 &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#110&#115&#101 visual, sometimes quite disturbing, experience. This &#100&#111&#115&#97&#103&#101 &#97&#115&#115&#117&#109&#101&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 consumption of 1 to &#51 &#103&#109 &#111&#102 &#100&#114&#105&#101&#100 &#109&#97&#116&#101&#114&#105&#97&#108 would &#98&#101 &#116&#111&#111 &#108&#111&#119 &#105&#102 the mushroom specimen came from a wild source. This low potency for Psilocybe cubensis has been confirmed by &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104 &#115&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#77&#97&#114&#103&#111&#116 &#38&#97&#109&#112&#59 Watling, &#40&#49&#57&#56&#49&#41&#44 &#119&#104&#111 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#115&#117&#114&#112&#114&#105&#115&#101&#100 by the comparatively small amounts of psilocybin and psilocin which they &#101&#120&#116&#114&#97&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#119&#105&#108&#100 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#109&#101&#110&#115 collected from five different locations &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#46 &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#115&#117&#103&#103&#101&#115&#116&#115 that a &#109&#117&#99&#104 &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101&#114 &#100&#111&#115&#101 &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 be required to produce &#115&#105&#103&#110&#105&#102&#105&#99&#97&#110&#116 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#46 &#73&#116 &#105&#115 &#112&#111&#115&#115&#105&#98&#108&#101 that the chemicals &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121 &#100&#101&#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#98&#101&#116&#119&#101&#101&#110 the &#116&#105&#109&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#119&#101&#114&#101 harvested and the &#116&#105&#109&#101 &#111&#102 &#97&#110&#97&#108&#121&#115&#105&#115&#46 &#72&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 it should be noted that <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/psilocybeazurescenssporescanada.php" title="Psilocybeazurescenssporescanada" alt="Psilocybeazurescenssporescanada" >Psilocybeazurescenssporescanada</a> a &#115&#116&#114&#97&#105&#110 &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 producing different &#102&#108&#117&#115&#104&#101&#115 &#40&#104&#97&#114&#118&#101&#115&#116&#115&#41 &#119&#105&#108&#108 &#118&#97&#114&#121 somewhat in &#112&#111&#116&#101&#110&#99&#121 &#98&#101&#116&#119&#101&#101&#110 &#102&#108&#117&#115&#104&#101&#115&#46 </p> Dosages for Psilocybe australiana Guzmán & Watling, Psilocybe eucalypta Guzmán & , and who gorge themselves on our tax dollars. I met Jochen Gartz shortly after the fall of the Berlin Wall at the third symposium of the European College for the Study of Consciousness (ECSC) in Freiburg, Germany. Our encounter was my first contact with a researcher from the former East Germany. Jochen Gartz's enthusiastic lecture was a truly consciousnessexpanding event, his words breaking down traditional borders and crossing over into new territory. The magic mushrooms spoke through him - with no trace of dogma or ideology - in the tradition of true anarchy that is the hallmark of mushroom magic. What I heard was unbelievable. Jochen spoke of a "new" psychedelic mushroom and its migration. The mycelia had spread in concentric circles outward from Leipzig, jumping all political borders. Finally, when the mycelia reached West German soil, the hated Berlin Wall crumbled. Could there possibly be a connection between the evolution of the magic mushroom and the evolution of our consciousness? Could a mushroom have contributed to the resolution of our political conflicts? In the past, politicians, even popes, had their own jesters and magicians, who functioned as pressure release valves in the machinations of political power struggles. It is obvious that a country whose chancellor is being pelted with eggs, urgently needs a new breed of magician who are able to readjust reality. But today, no aspiring magician should go about this task without this book as a guide for the wondrous journey into the realm of magic mushrooms. Christian Rdtsch Figure 5 - "Anthropomorphic Beings Engaged in Mushroom Dance" 10,000-year-old rock drawing in Tassili, Sahara (Algeria) CHAPTER 1 I BELIEVE THE TIME HAS COME FOR A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF NEW FINDINGS FROM THE FIELDS OF MYCOLOGY, TAXONOMY AND NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY When R.G. Wasson, R. Heim and A. Hofmann began their interdisciplinary research program to study the Mexican species of mushrooms and their usage in Mexican mushroom cults, their efforts culminated in a 1958 landmark report that described the isolation, molecular structure and synthesis of the mushrooms' active ingredients: psilocybin and psilocin. Several years later, these substances were also identified in a species of mushroom in Europe, Psilocybe semilanceata, which became the first in a series of newly discovered species. Since then, psychoactive mushrooms from other genera have been reported with increasing frequency. As part of my analytical work dedicated to the identification of naturally occurring chemicals, I had the good fortune to be part of a research team that studied alkaloids found in a variety of mushroom species. Now I believe the time has come for a comprehensive review of new findings from the fields of mycology, taxonomy and natural products chemistry. Wasson and his successors have already provided detailed accounts pertaining to the history and study of the Me <p align="left"> own cause of death &#97&#110&#100 &#100&#105&#115&#101&#97&#115&#101&#44 &#98&#108&#111&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#115&#116&#111&#109&#97&#99&#104&#115 and insanity. &#66&#101&#108&#105&#101&#102&#115 &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 have survived to the present day. &#84&#104&#101&#121 &#112&#101&#114&#115&#105&#115&#116&#44 &#102&#111&#114 &#101&#120&#97&#109&#112&#108&#101&#44&#44&#44 as figures of speech, s &#117 &#99 &#104 &#97&#115 the &#115&#108&#105&#99&#107 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#110&#13&#10&#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#112&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#97 societal misfit as someone &#34&#119&#104&#111&#13&#10&#97&#116&#101 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#109&#97&#100&#110&#101&#115&#115&#45&#105&#110&#100&#117&#99&#105&#110&#103 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#46&#34&#13&#10&#66&#117&#116&#44 there &#105&#115 &#97&#110&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116&#44&#13&#10&#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 mushroom legacy &#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108&#46&#13&#10&#70&#108&#101&#115&#104 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 Gods for Devil Worshippers The Old &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100&#46 &#77&#121&#99&#101&#110&#97&#101&#97&#110 &#99&#105&#118&#105&#108&#105&#122&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#98&#101&#103&#97&#110 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97 mushroom trip -Mushrooms were an &#105&#110&#103&#114&#101&#100&#105&#101&#110&#116 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#97&#109&#98&#114&#111&#115&#105&#97 &#111&#102 Dionysus. Porphyrius, the fourth century Latin poet and contemporary of Emperor Konstantin, knew that &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101 children of the gods.<br> WHO WAS &#84&#72&#69 &#70&#73&#82&#83&#84 &#77&#65&#71&#73&#67&#73&#65&#78&#63&#13&#10&#65 &#113&#117&#97&#115&#105&#45&#99&#97&#110&#110&#105&#98&#97&#108&#105&#115&#116&#105&#99 ritual, the act of eating the children &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#103&#111&#100&#115 &#117&#110&#108&#111&#99&#107&#101&#100 one's power to experience the truly &#100&#105&#118&#105&#110&#101&#46 &#66&#117&#116 &#110&#111&#116 &#97&#108&#108&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 enable human beings to enter &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#97&#108&#109 &#111&#102 &#100&#105&#118&#105&#110&#101 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#46 This &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#112&#111&#119&#101&#114&#13&#10&#114&#101&#115&#105&#100&#101&#115 &#105&#110 &#111&#110&#108&#121 those fungi known as &#34&#102&#111&#111&#108&#39&#115&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#34&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101&#114&#101&#100 poisonous and believed &#116&#111 &#98&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#97&#119&#110 of &#116&#104&#101 &#68&#101&#118&#105&#108&#13&#10&#116&#104&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#97&#116&#101 Middle Ages and well into modern &#116&#105&#109&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#78&#101&#119 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100&#58 &#84&#104&#101 Aztecs in &#77&#101&#120&#105&#99&#111&#13&#10&#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#111 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/psilocybin+mushrooms/danger+of+shrooms.php" title="Psilocybin Mushrooms Danger Of Shrooms" alt="Psilocybin Mushrooms Danger Of Shrooms" >Psilocybin Mushrooms Danger Of Shrooms</a> &#97 &#110&#117&#109&#98&#101&#114 &#111&#102 small, inconspicuous mushrooms as teonartacatl, or &#34&#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#71&#111&#100&#115&#46&#34 &#84&#104&#101&#115&#101 sacred mushrooms were eaten during &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#111&#117&#114&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#114&#105&#116&#117&#97&#108&#115 intended to contact the &#71&#111&#100&#115 &#105&#110 &#111&#114&#100&#101&#114 &#116&#111 learn &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#111&#114&#108&#100 &#97&#110&#100 the realm of &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#105&#118&#105&#110&#101&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 mushroom rituals &#116&#104&#111&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 &#115&#112&#111&#111&#107&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#67&#97&#116&#104&#111&#108&#105&#99&#13&#10&#83&#112&#97&#110&#105&#97&#114&#100&#115&#46 The mushroom eaters, commonly thought of as &#68&#101&#118&#105&#108 &#119&#111&#114&#115&#104&#105&#112&#112&#101&#114&#115&#44 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#104&#111&#117&#110&#100&#101&#100&#13&#10&#98&#121 the <u>which mushrooms grow on cow dung</u> Inquisition. Still, all &#103&#111&#111&#100 &#116&#104&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#115&#117&#114&#118&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#116&#101&#115&#116&#115 &#111&#102 time, so the cult of magic mushroom eaters &#100&#105&#100 &#110&#111&#116 &#98&#101&#99&#111&#109&#101 &#101&#120&#116&#105&#110&#99&#116&#46 &#76&#105&#107&#101 mycelia underground, the cult continued to flourish, &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#112&#101&#114 &#116&#105&#109&#101 &#105&#110 &#114&#101&#99&#111&#114&#100&#101&#100 history, in 1957, the fruit &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#117&#108&#108&#121 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#110 mushroom re-surfaced to draw widespread public attention. &#86&#97&#108&#101&#110&#116&#105&#110&#101&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 &#71&#111&#114&#100&#111&#110 &#87&#97&#115&#115&#111&#110 &#98&#101&#99&#97&#109&#101 &#116&#104&#101 heroes &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#109&#111&#100&#101&#114&#110 &#110&#101&#111&#45&#109&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#105&#99 &#109&#111&#118&#101&#109&#101&#110&#116&#46&#13&#10&#66&#97&#99&#107 to the Old World: The revelations and &#105&#110&#115&#105&#103&#104&#116&#115 &#103&#97&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 use &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#115&#111 magically wonderful, that our native European "fool's &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#34 &#45 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104&#13&#10&#119&#101&#114&#101 &#103&#101&#110&#101 ; &#99&#111&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#101&#100&#105&#98&#108&#101 &#45 &#104&#97&#100 to be recognized as closely related to the magic mushrooms of Mexico, the &#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#65&#122&#116&#101&#99&#13&#10&#71&#111&#100&#115&#46 The souls of magic mushrooms in Mexico and &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121 &#97&#114&#101 &#101&#115&#115&#101&#110&#116&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#109&#97&#100&#101 from the same substance: psilocybin.<br> Jochen &#71&#97&#114&#116&#122 &#104&#97&#115 &#109&#97&#100&#101 &#97&#110 extraordinary contribution to the field of mycology &#98&#121 &#101&#109&#98&#114&#97&#99&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#39&#115 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 and the scientific study and testing of these fungi. The &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104&#13&#10&#101&#102&#102&#111&#114&#116&#115 &#117&#112&#111&#110 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#116&#104&#105&#115 book &#105&#115 &#98&#97&#115&#101&#100 &#114&#101&#113&#117&#105&#114&#101&#13&#10&#110&#111&#116&#104&#105&#110&#103 &#108&#101&#115&#115 than &#97 &#102&#101&#97&#114&#108&#101&#115&#115&#44 &#98&#114&#97&#118&#101 &#97&#110&#100 courageous consciousness, free of prejudice and mycophobia. &#73&#13&#10&#97&#109 &#99&#111&#110&#118&#105&#110&#99&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#97 researcher's &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#13&#10&#105&#110&#102&#117&#115&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#105&#114&#105&#116 &#111&#102 the magic mushroom &#105&#115&#13&#10&#99&#97&#112&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#111&#102 &#102&#97&#114 &#100&#101&#101&#112&#101&#114 scientific insights than &#119&#101&#13&#10&#99&#97&#110 &#101&#118&#101&#114 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#99&#116 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 usual ivory <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/psychotropic+mushrooms+locate.php" title="Locate Psychotropic Locate" alt="Locate Psychotropic Locate" >Locate Psychotropic Locate</a> &#116&#111&#119&#101&#114&#13&#10&#97&#99&#97&#100&#101&#109&#105&#99&#115&#44 &#105&#115&#111&#108&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#114&#101&#97&#108&#105&#116&#121 </p> </p> <h1 id="cross-browser">Psilocybe in germany @ 3/13/2010 1:21:47 AM</h1> <p></p> <h1 id="stylesheets">shrooms drawing of death trees</h1> <p>own cause of death and disease, bloated stomachs and insanity. Beliefs such as these have survived to the present day. They persist, for example,,, as figures of speech, s u c h as the slick Austrian description of a societal misfit as someone "who ate those madness-inducing mushrooms." But, there is another, very different, magic mushroom legacy as well. Flesh of the Gods for Devil Worshippers The Old World. Mycenaean civilization began with a mushroom trip -Mushrooms were an ingredient in the ambrosia of Dionysus. Porphyrius, the fourth century Latin poet and contemporary of Emperor Konstantin, knew that magic mushrooms were the children of the gods. WHO WAS THE FIRST MAGICIAN? A quasi-cannibalistic ritual, the act of eating the children of the gods unlocked one's power to experience the truly divine. But not all mushrooms enable human beings to enter the realm of divine consciousness. This magic power resides in only those fungi known as "fool's mushrooms", which were considered poisonous and believed to be the spawn of the Devil throughout the late Middle Ages and well into modern times. The New World: The Aztecs in Mexico referred to a number of small, inconspicuous mushrooms as teonartacatl, or "flesh of the Gods." These sacred mushrooms were eaten during the course of rituals intended to contact the Gods in order to learn about the world and the realm of the divine. These magic mushroom rituals thoroughly spooked the Catholic Spaniards. The mushroom eaters, commonly thought of as Devil worshippers, were hounded by the Inquisition. Still, all good things survive the tests of time, so the cult of magic mushroom eaters did not become extinct. Like mycelia underground, the cult continued to flourish, and at the proper time in recorded history, in 1957, the fruit of the fully grown mushroom re-surfaced to draw widespread public attention. Valentine and Gordon Wasson became the heroes of the modern neo-mycophilic movement. Back to the Old World: The revelations and insights gained from the use of psychoactive mushrooms were so magically wonderful, that our native European "fool's mushrooms" - which were gene ; considered inedible - had to be recognized as closely related to the magic mushrooms of Mexico, the flesh of the Aztec Gods. The souls of magic mushrooms in Mexico and Germany are essentially made from the same substance: psilocybin. Jochen Gartz has made an extraordinary contribution to the field of mycology by embracing Germany's magic mushrooms and the scientific study and testing of these fungi. The research efforts upon which this book is based require nothing less than a fearless, brave and courageous consciousness, free of prejudice and mycophobia. I am convinced that a researcher's consciousness infused by the spirit of the magic mushroom is capable of far deeper scientific insights than we can ever expect from the usual ivory tower academics, isolated from reality The question of dosage is often confused by the variation in the source of the hallucinogenic mushroom species which is consumed. <b>are gold cap shrooms psilocybin cubensis</b> <p align="left"> &#84&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#114&#101 &#109&#111&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#110 1 &#100&#111&#122&#101&#110 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#34&#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 mushrooms" <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magic+mushroom+growing+kit/marinated+mushroom.php" title="Magic Mushroom Growing Kit Marinated Mushroom" alt="Magic Mushroom Growing Kit Marinated Mushroom" >Magic Mushroom Growing Kit Marinated Mushroom</a> <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magic+mushroom+growing+kit/marinated+mushroom.php" title="Magic Mushroom Growing Kit Marinated Mushroom" alt="Magic Mushroom Growing Kit Marinated Mushroom" >Magic Mushroom Growing Kit Marinated Mushroom</a> in &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#101&#119 </p> ure of Psilocybe semilanceata (with sclerotia formation). Figure 48 - Inocybe aeruginascens on grassy soil Figure 49 - Psilocybe cubensis on horse manure and rice. portions of mycelia whose texture is somewhat like wool. The kind of viruses known to appear in champignon cultures - where they have already caused a lot of damage - have so far not been found in cultures of the Psilocybe and Panaeolus species. It is safe to say that we currently know a great deal about the nutritional requirements of Psilocybe cubensis. To a lesser extent, such information is available about other species as well. Armed with this knowledge, future researchers may well discover new insights into physiology of these species, as well as the biochemical changes that occur during fruiting. In my experiments, it has already been established that the process of differentiation whereby mycelia are transformed into sclerotia or fruiting bodies is linked to increased production of psilocybin as well as psilocin, especially in Psilocybe cubensis. Due to the relatively complex methodology and the type of equipment needed to isolate and maintain sterile cultures, it appears unlikely that cultivation of Psilocybe cubensis mushrooms by laypersons will significantly heighten the mushroom's popularity or widen its area of distribution anytime soon. However, since the early 1980s, growing numbers of mycophiles in North America and Europe have successfully used "natural outdoor cultivation" to fruit Psilocybe cyanescens and similar species. This process involves selection of natural wood substrates striated with mycelia (rhizomorphs) that usually turn blue in response to handling. The mycelia are then transferred onto fresh wood chips or commercial mulch (not from cedar trees). After several months of growth, the mycelia fruit during the fall season. Figure 50 - Surface culture of Inocybe aeruginascens on a liquid nutrient medium. Figure 51 - Panaeolus subbalteatus on cow dung and rice. Figure 52 - Psilocybe cubensis on wet newspaper. CHAPTER 7 PSYCHOTROPIC MUSHROOM SPECIES AROUND THE WORLD Figure 53 - Psilocybe cubensis on compost. Figure 54 - Psilocybe stuntzii (grasslands variety) from British Columbia. Figure 55 - Giant mushroom sculpture from Kerala, India. There is considerable debate among experts about the significance and purpose of the sculpture. Figure 56 - Magic mushrooms & water buffalo t-shirt from Thailand, designed for the Western tourist market. CHAPTER 7.1 SPOTLIGHT ON NORTH AMERICA AND HAWAII In 1961, V.E. Tyler became the first investigator to report the detection of psilocybin in Psilocybe pelliculosa (Smith) Singer & Smith, a North American mushroom species. One year later, two research groups, working independently, discovered psilocybin, as well as psilocin, in samples of Psilocybe baeocystis Singer & Smith from the Pacific Northwest region of North America. Additional chemical and taxonomic findin own cause of death and disease, bloated stomachs and insanity. Beliefs such as these have survived to the present day. They persist, for example,,, as figures of speech, s u c h as the slick Austrian description of a societal misfit as someone "who ate those madness-inducing mushrooms." But, there is another, very different, magic mushroom legacy as well. Flesh of the Gods for Devil Worshippers The Old World. Mycenaean civilization began with a mushroom trip -Mushrooms were an ingredient in the ambrosia of Dionysus. Porphyrius, the fourth century Latin poet and contemporary of Emperor Konstantin, knew that magic mushrooms were the children of the gods. WHO WAS THE FIRST MAGICIAN? A quasi-cannibalistic ritual, the act of eating the children of the gods unlocked one's power to experience the truly divine. But not all mushrooms enable human beings to enter the realm of divine consciousness. This magic power resides in only those fungi known as "fool's mushrooms", which were considered poisonous and believed to be the spawn of the Devil throughout the late Middle Ages and well into modern times. The New World: The Aztecs in Mexico referred to a number of small, inconspicuous mushrooms as teonartacatl, or "flesh of the Gods." These sacred mushrooms were eaten during the course of rituals intended to contact the Gods in order to learn about the world and the realm of the divine. These magic mushroom rituals thoroughly spooked the Catholic Spaniards. The mushroom eaters, commonly thought of as Devil worshippers, were hounded by the Inquisition. Still, all good things survive the tests of time, so the cult of magic mushroom eaters did not become extinct. Like mycelia underground, the cult continued to flourish, and at the proper time in recorded history, in 1957, the fruit of the fully grown mushroom re-surfaced to draw widespread public attention. Valentine and Gordon Wasson became the heroes of the modern neo-mycophilic movement. Back to the Old World: The revelations and insights gained from the use of psychoactive mushrooms were so magically wonderful, that our native European "fool's mushrooms" - which were gene ; considered inedible - had to be recognized as closely related to the magic mushrooms of Mexico, the flesh of the Aztec Gods. The souls of magic mushrooms in Mexico and Germany are essentially made from the same substance: psilocybin. Jochen Gartz has made an extraordinary contribution to the field of mycology by embracing Germany's magic mushrooms and the scientific study and testing of these fungi. The research efforts upon which this book is based require nothing less than a fearless, brave and courageous consciousness, free of prejudice and mycophobia. I am convinced that a researcher's consciousness infused by the spirit of the magic mushroom is capable of far deeper scientific insights than we can ever expect from the usual ivory tower academics, isolated from reality <p align="center"> There are more &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#49 &#100&#111&#122&#101&#110 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#102 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/legal/mushroom+spore.php" title="Legal Mushroom Spore" alt="Legal Mushroom Spore" >Legal Mushroom Spore</a> <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/thingstodowhileonshrooms.php" title="Thingstodowhileonshrooms" alt="Thingstodowhileonshrooms" >Thingstodowhileonshrooms</a> "magic mushrooms" in Australia and &#78&#101&#119 </p> several members of a family eat the mushrooms together: it is not uncommon for a father, mother, children, uncles, and aunts to all participate in these transformations of the mind that elevate consciousness onto a higher plan. The kinship relation is thus the basis of the transcendental subjectivity that Husserl said is intersubjectivity. The mushrooms themselves are eaten in pairs, a couple representing man and woman that symbolizes the dual principle of procreation and creation. Then they sit together in their inner light, dream and realize and converse with each other, presences seated there together, their bodies immaterialized by the blackness, voices from without their communality. In a general sense, for everyone present the purpose of the session is a therapeutic catharsis. The chemicals of transformation of revelation that open the circuits of light, vision, and communication, called by us mind-manifesting, were known to the American Indians as medicines: the means given to men to know and to heal, to see and to say the truth. Among the Mazatecs, many, one time or another during their lives, have eaten the mushrooms, whether to cure themselves of an ailment or to resolve a problem; but it is not everyone who has a predilection for such extreme and arduous experiences of the creative imagination or who would want to repeat such journeys into the strange, unknown depths of the brain very frequently: those who do are the shamans, the masters, whose vocation it is to eat the mushrooms because they are the men of the spirit, the men of language, the men of wisdom. They are individuals recognized by their people to be expert in such psychological adventures, and when the others eat the mushrooms they always call to be with them, as a guide, one of those who is considered to be particularly acquainted with these modalities of the spirit. The medicine man presides over the session, for just as the Mazatec family is paternal and authoritarian, the liberating experience unfolds in the authoritarian context of a situation in which, rather than being allowed to speak or encouraged to express themselves, everyone is enjoined to keep silent and listen while the shaman speaks for each of those who are present. As one of the early Spanish chroniclers of the New World said: "They pay a sorcerer who eats them the mushrooms] and tells them what they have taught him. He does so by means of a rhythmic chant in full voice." </p> <p>This document provides complete directions for cultivating psilocybin <p align="left"> INTRODUCTION Mind-altering (psilocybine containing) &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#116&#114&#97&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121 used in <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/grow+mushrooms+shrooms+psychedelic+spores/What+are+side+effect+after+eating+shrooms/" title="Shrooms After Shrooms Shrooms Shrooms Psychedelic Side Grow Are Shrooms Eating Eating" alt="Shrooms After Shrooms Shrooms Shrooms Psychedelic Side Grow Are Shrooms Eating Eating" >Shrooms After Shrooms Shrooms Shrooms Psychedelic Side Grow Are Shrooms Eating Eating</a> &#114&#101&#108&#105&#103&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#104&#101&#97&#108&#105&#110&#103 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 <b>salicinus distribution salicinus map</b> ceremonies by &#110&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#112&#101&#111&#112&#108&#101&#115 &#105&#110 &#77&#101&#115&#111&#97&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97 for more &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#51&#44&#48&#48&#48 &#121&#101&#97&#114&#115&#46 &#84&#111&#100&#97&#121&#44 the recreational use of &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99 &#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 &#98&#121 &#87&#101&#115&#116&#101&#114&#110&#101&#114&#115 &#105&#115 widespread, &#101&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#105&#110 &#118&#97&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#114&#101&#103&#105&#111&#110&#115 of the &#85&#110&#105&#116&#101&#100 &#83&#116&#97&#116&#101&#115&#44 &#67&#97&#110&#97&#100&#97&#44 &#77&#101&#120&#105&#99&#111&#44 &#67&#97&#114&#105&#98&#98&#101&#97&#110&#44 Great Britain, Europe (especially in the Netherlands), &#83&#99&#97&#110&#100&#105&#110&#97&#118&#105&#97&#44 &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104 &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97&#44 &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104&#101&#97&#115&#116 &#65&#115&#105&#97&#44 India, Bali, &#83&#97&#109&#111&#97&#59 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#101&#119 Zealand. The modern, non-traditional use of hallucinogenic mushrooms has been stimulated, by media reports in newspapers, magazines, word-of-mouth &#99&#111&#109&#109&#117&#110&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#87&#111&#114&#108&#100 &#87&#105&#100&#101 &#87&#101&#98 and Internet, and &#97&#108&#115&#111 &#98&#121 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#99&#104&#111&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 and popular journal publications &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#114&#101&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#101&#116&#104&#110&#111&#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116 R. Gordon Wasson, (Harvard psychologist &#84&#105&#109&#111&#116&#104&#121 &#76&#101&#97&#114&#121&#44 &#116&#114&#97&#118&#101&#108&#101&#114 &#74&#101&#114&#101&#109&#121 Sanford, health guru Andrew Weil, and others &#40&#115&#101&#101 &#65&#108&#108&#101&#110 &#44 &#77&#101&#114&#108&#105&#110 &Jansen, 1991).This &#102&#105&#101&#108&#100 &#103&#117&#105&#100&#101 &#114&#101&#118&#105&#101&#119&#115 &#116&#104&#101 history of both the accidental and purposeful use of psychoactive mushrooms in &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#101&#119&#13&#10&#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100&#46 &#73&#110&#102&#111&#114&#109&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 in this guide has been &#103&#97&#116&#104&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#112&#101&#114&#115&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#105&#110 Australia by the &#97&#117&#116&#104&#111&#114 &#97&#110&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#115 in the scientific literature, news items appearing in the &#112&#111&#112&#117&#108&#97&#114 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#112&#101&#114&#115&#111&#110&#97&#108 communications with Australian &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#101&#119 &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100 &#40&#78&#90&#41&#13&#10&#112&#114&#111&#102&#101&#115&#115&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108&#115 (Unsigned &#49&#57&#55&#48&#59 &#79&#39&#78&#101&#105&#108&#108&#44 &#49&#57&#56&#54&#41&#46 </p> Most users of the psychoactive visionary mushrooms have very little knowledge of their scientific names. Instead, they have given their favorite species local epithets which are commonly used by those who collect and ingest them. Some of these popular names are also known and applied by users outside of Australia and NZ. "Magic Mushrooms" is the most common term applied to any mushroom which contains psilocybine and/or psilocine. It was invented by a Life Magazine editor in l957 ( see Wasson, l957). Psilocybe cubensis is known in Australia as "golden tops", "gold tops" or sometimes "gold caps." The Australian epithets may have been given to this species by members of a local, drugusing group of surfers which frequented the Gold Coast region of Eastern Australia; however, some of these names have apparently been used to describe several different species of Psilocybe by users in Australia (see Allen, 1997). As mentioned above, Psilocybe cubensis is not known to occur in New Zealand. Those who ingest Copelandia cyanescens, known in Australia and New Zealand as "blue meanies", also refer to this species as "Blue Legs", "golden tops" or "gold caps". The latter two nicknames, as well as "dimple tops" and "cone heads", are common terms applied to Copelandia cyanescens in the Hawaiian Islands; and some of these same popular names have also been used by visiting surfers from both New Zealand and Australia, to describe the macroscopic characteristics of Copelandia cyanescens. These same surfers visiting Hawaii's North Shore have reportedly ingested mushrooms prior to surfing, as do many of the locally based surfers in Australia and NZ. own cause of death and disease, bloated stomachs and insanity. Beliefs such as these have survived to the present day. They persist, for example,,, as figures of speech, s u c h as the slick Austrian description of a societal misfit as someone "who ate those madness-inducing mushrooms." But, there is another, very different, magic mushroom legacy as well. Flesh of the Gods for Devil Worshippers The Old World. Mycenaean civilization began with a mushroom trip -Mushrooms were an ingredient in the ambrosia of Dionysus. Porphyrius, the fourth century Latin poet and contemporary of Emperor Konstantin, knew that magic mushrooms were the children of the gods. WHO WAS THE FIRST MAGICIAN? A quasi-cannibalistic ritual, the act of eating the children of the gods unlocked one's power to experience the truly divine. But not all mushrooms enable human beings to enter the realm of divine consciousness. This magic power resides in only those fungi known as "fool's mushrooms", which were considered poisonous and believed to be the spawn of the Devil throughout the late Middle Ages and well into modern times. The New World: The Aztecs in Mexico referred to a number of small, inconspicuous mushrooms as teonartacatl, or "flesh of the Gods." These sacred mushrooms were eaten during the course of rituals intended to contact the Gods in order to learn about the world and the realm of the divine. These magic mushroom rituals thoroughly spooked the Catholic Spaniards. The mushroom eaters, commonly thought of as Devil worshippers, were hounded by the Inquisition. Still, all good things survive the tests of time, so the cult of magic mushroom eaters did not become extinct. Like mycelia underground, the cult continued to flourish, and at the proper time in recorded history, in 1957, the fruit of the fully grown mushroom re-surfaced to draw widespread public attention. Valentine and Gordon Wasson became the heroes of the modern neo-mycophilic movement. Back to the Old World: The revelations and insights gained from the use of psychoactive mushrooms were so magically wonderful, that our native European "fool's mushrooms" - which were gene ; considered inedible - had to be recognized as closely related to the magic mushrooms of Mexico, the flesh of the Aztec Gods. The souls of magic mushrooms in Mexico and Germany are essentially made from the same substance: psilocybin. Jochen Gartz has made an extraordinary contribution to the field of mycology by embracing Germany's magic mushrooms and the scientific study and testing of these fungi. The research efforts upon which this book is based require nothing less than a fearless, brave and courageous consciousness, free of prejudice and mycophobia. I am convinced that a researcher's consciousness infused by the spirit of the magic mushroom is capable of far deeper scientific insights than we can ever expect from the usual ivory tower academics, isolated from reality There are &#109&#111&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#49 &#100&#111&#122&#101&#110 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 of "magic mushrooms" &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#101&#119 Zealand.<br> Four &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#97&#114&#101 dung &#40&#109&#97&#110&#117&#114&#101&#41 &#105&#110&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#121 &#105&#110&#99&#108&#117&#100&#101 Psilocybe cubensis &#97&#110&#100&#47&#111&#114 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#40&#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 locally as "gold caps" and/or "gold &#116&#111&#112&#115&#34&#41&#44 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#97&#101&#114&#117&#103&#105&#110&#111&#115&#97&#44 &#97&#110&#100 Copelandia cyanescens &#40&#116&#104&#101 &#108&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114 &#105&#115 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 <H2>Fungimushroomusagefigure</H2> &#108&#111&#99&#97&#108&#108&#121 as <b>mushrooms magic</b> "blue meanies"). These &#102&#111&#117&#114 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 mind altering alkaloids psilocybine and &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#105&#110&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101 most &#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#105&#110 Australia. In New &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110&#108&#121 used species are Copelandia &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#44 the latter species is recognized throughout the world as &#116&#104&#101 &#34&#108&#105&#98&#101&#114&#116&#121 &#99&#97&#112&#34&#41&#46 &#84&#104&#105&#115 species only occurs in manured psychotropic mushrooms locate &#115&#111&#105&#108 &#97&#110&#100 &#100&#111&#101&#115 &#110&#111&#116 &#103&#114&#111&#119 &#100&#105&#114&#101&#99&#116&#108&#121 &#102&#114&#111&#109 the dung of cattle, sheep or other four legged farm animals. Psilocybe &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#112&#111&#112&#117&#108&#97&#114 of these &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 &#105&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 throughout much of &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#111&#114&#108&#100&#59 &#104&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 is not known to occur <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/psychedelic+myspace+contact+table/eating+raw+field+shrooms.php" title="Psychedelic Myspace Contact Table Eating Raw Field Shrooms" alt="Psychedelic Myspace Contact Table Eating Raw Field Shrooms" >Psychedelic Myspace Contact Table Eating Raw Field Shrooms</a> in New Zealand.<br> Other species described in this guide are known to occur in manured soil, in pastures, meadows, &#103&#114&#97&#122&#105&#110&#103 &#108&#97&#110&#100&#115&#44 &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#108&#97&#119&#110&#115 and in the bark mulch and woodchips &#111&#102 &#100&#101&#99&#105&#100&#117&#111&#117&#115 &#119&#111&#111&#100&#115&#46 xican mushroom species, so that these materials need not be repeated in this context. However, certain aspects concerning the more recent uses of these mushrooms as well as their conditions of growth will receive more detailed attention in later chapters. The main purpose of this book is to inspire further study of these mushrooms, particularly basic research efforts and medical applications of magic mushroom ingredients. The extensive bibliography will help scientists and other interested mycophiles to further immerse themselves in this complex area of study. Jochen Gartz Figure 6 - Bronze doors with mushroom motif entitled "Trial and Judgment" at Hildesheim Cathedral, Germany (ca. 1020). CHAPTER 2 REFLECTIONS ON THE HISTORY AND SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF MAGIC MUSHROOMS It is remarkable that cultures native to the American continent knew about a relatively large number of natural mind-altering substances compared to early cultures that evolved in Europe or Asia. Botanical evidence does not support the notion that Europe is home to fewer hallucinogenic plants than other regions. Furthermore, the growing number of recently discovered European mushroom species containing psilocybin indicate a flourishing psychotropic mycoflora in Europe similar to those found in other countries. It is unlikely that early European cultures learned less about local plants and mushrooms through usage and experience than cultures elsewhere in the world. Most likely, early cultural knowledge of European psychoactive plants and mushrooms was lost or destroyed at some time in history, probably as early as several hundred years ago. The discovery that the fly agaric mushroom (Amanita muscaria) was known for its psychoactive properties in Siberia invited the conclusion that this mushroom was used as a psychotropic agent in medieval Europe as well. In fact, there is very little evidence from the Middle Ages to indicate widespread knowledge of the effects of specific mushrooms on human consciousness. However, I believe that past reports on psychoactive mushrooms were causally linked to Amanita muscaria simply because this was the only known psychotropic mushroom in Europe at that time. While the usage of Amanita muscaria among Siberian tribes has generated reports of spectacular hallucinations, European accounts of fly agaric intoxications do not generally include descriptions of such intensely hallucinatory effects. Accordingly, the potent hallucinogenic effects of specific Psilocybes and related species are likely to have had a much more significant influence on early European cultures than the delirium-like visions induced by Amanita muscaria, a species that is also known to induce unconsciousness and severe somatic side effects. This hypothesis is corroborated by data from comprehensive field studies conducted in Mexico. I believe that historic accounts including those described below - indicate a knowledge of Macroscopically, it is extremely difficult to distinguish from Psilocybe semilanceata. Unlike the latter species, however, Psilocybe pelliculosa will grow in forests on wood chips and sawdust. Beug and Bigwood were able to furnish analytical proof in support of the claim that Psilocybe pelliculosa is weaker in its psychotropic effects than comparable species. Psilocybe pelliculosa contains about 30-50% of the amount of psilocybin found in Psilocybe cyanescens (slang names: Blue wavy, Cyan, Grandote), a species common across the Pacific Northwest. It fruits primarily in parks, forming partial fairy rings. This species did not become popular among users until the mid-1970s. species still fruits most abundantly in the fall. A New Psychoactive Mushroom Mushroom Trips as a Popular Sport Several additional Psilocybe species have been found in the Pacific Northwest, even though the taxonomic classification of most of these species remains inadequate, despite the fact that monographs such as those by P. Stamets offer quite detailed descriptions of the psychotropic mycoflora. In the mid-1970s, Guzman and Ott reported a rather spectacular event concerning the spread of a "new" mushroom species. During the fall of 1972, large numbers of a strongly bluing gilled mushroom with a distinct ring pattern were found at the University of Washington in Seattle. The fruiting bodies were found growing on bark mulch, which came from a central distribution point and which had been spread widely across the campus by gardeners. Due to the bluing reaction, students at the university assumed that the mushroom contained psilocybin, a belief that was confirmed later on. The sudden appearance of massive numbers of fruiting bodies quickly inspired students at the university to use the mushrooms as a hallucinogen. In my opinion, it is still uncertain if the mushroom really appeared spontaneously, or whether it fruited on bark debris simply because the substance had previously been mixed with spawn derived from fruiting bodies that originated elsewhere. In any case, in 1976, the mushrooms were named Psilocybe stuntzii Guzman & Ott (slang name: "blue veil" or "stuntzees", (see Figures 54 and 71). Today, the species can be found growing on bark and on lawns in parks, on golf courses, football fields and gardens in numbers so large that it is considered the second most important species in terms of usage, after Psilocybe semilanceata. In addition, Panaeolus subbalteatus is another regionally important mushroom species (slang name: "red cap"), even though its users believe it to be slightly more poisonous than the Psilocybe species. Still, the mushroom is used quite frequently, because it begins to fruit during the spring. The Psilocybe species, on the other hand, do not appear until fall and continue to grow into early winter, when temperatures consistently drop below freezing, which inhibits further fruiting of the spe </p> <p><p align="right"> The &#109&#97&#106&#111&#114&#105&#116&#121 &#111&#102 &#97&#100&#118&#101&#114&#115&#101 &#112&#104&#121&#115&#105&#99&#97&#108 effects or &#110&#101&#103&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#114&#101&#97&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#112&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#101&#100 by "magic mushrooms" generally result from inappropriate set and expectation, or because of &#105&#109&#112&#114&#111&#112&#101&#114 &#100&#111&#115&#97&#103&#101&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#109&#97&#121 vary considerably among consumers, different mushroom species, or even within an individual species. The question of dosage is &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#99&#111&#110&#102&#117&#115&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#116&#104&#101 variation in &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#111&#117&#114&#99&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 hallucinogenic mushroom species which is consumed. For example, Psilocybe cubensis, &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#112&#105&#99&#107&#101&#100 &#97&#110&#100 &#101&#97&#116&#101&#110 from its natural dung &#40&#109&#97&#110&#117&#114&#101&#41 &#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#97&#116&#44 &#112&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#101&#115 &#97 relatively mild mindaltering &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#105&#115 &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/horsedungmagicmushroompics.php" title="Horsedungmagicmushroompics" alt="Horsedungmagicmushroompics" >Horsedungmagicmushroompics</a> from the large amounts of fresh specimens needed to achieve a &#116&#104&#114&#101&#115&#104&#111&#108&#100 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#46 &#72&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114 &#119&#104&#101&#110 grown in vitro (indoor laboratory cultivation and/or illicit cultivation), &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#97&#112&#112&#97&#114&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121 &#99&#97&#110 produce &#97 &#109&#111&#114&#101 &#112&#111&#116&#101&#110&#116 &#115&#116&#114&#97&#105&#110 capable of inducing a &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#110&#115&#101 &#118&#105&#115&#117&#97&#108&#44 &#115&#111&#109&#101&#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 &#113&#117&#105&#116&#101 disturbing, experience.<br> This dosage assumes that &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#117&#109&#112&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#49 to 3 gm of dried material would be too &#108&#111&#119 <u>Things To Do On Shrooms</u> &#105&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#109&#101&#110 came from a wild source. This low potency for Psilocybe cubensis has been confirmed by research scientists Margot & Watling, (1981), who were surprised by &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#97&#114&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#108&#121 &#115&#109&#97&#108&#108 &#97&#109&#111&#117&#110&#116&#115 of psilocybin and psilocin &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#101&#120&#116&#114&#97&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109 wild &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#109&#101&#110&#115 &#99&#111&#108&#108&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109 <H1>psilocybe mushrooms in New Jersey</H1> &#102&#105&#118&#101 different locations in Australia. This &#115&#117&#103&#103&#101&#115&#116&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#97 &#109&#117&#99&#104 larger dose &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#98&#101 &#114&#101&#113&#117&#105&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#111 produce significant hallucinations. It is possible that &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97&#108&#115 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121 degenerated &#98&#101&#116&#119&#101&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#116&#105&#109&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116 they were harvested and the time of analysis.<br> However, it should be &#110&#111&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#97 &#115&#116&#114&#97&#105&#110 &#111&#102 Psilocybe &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#112&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#105&#110&#103 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116 &#102&#108&#117&#115&#104&#101&#115 (harvests) will vary somewhat in potency between &#102&#108&#117&#115&#104&#101&#115&#46 </p> . &#70&#111&#114&#13&#10&#116&#104&#97&#116 &#114&#101&#97&#115&#111&#110&#44 &#102&#114&#101&#101&#122&#101&#45&#100&#114&#105&#101&#100 &#115&#97&#109&#112&#108&#101&#115 &#102&#111&#114 biochemical analysis are stored at &#45&#49&#48&#176&#67 &#112&#114&#105&#111&#114 &#116&#111 &#97&#108&#107&#97&#108&#111&#105&#100&#13&#10&#101&#120&#116&#114&#97&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 or chromatography testing.<br> In addition to <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/growing+mushroom/panaeolus+antillarum.php" title="Growing Mushroom Panaeolus Antillarum" alt="Growing Mushroom Panaeolus Antillarum" >Growing Mushroom Panaeolus Antillarum</a> &#116&#104&#101 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#70&#105&#110&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 investigators in North America have noted that psilocybin's decay &#114&#97&#116&#101 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#115&#108&#111&#119&#101&#115&#116 &#105&#110 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 semilanceata, compared to other species.<br> (1) R = H2P03 (2) R = H Figure 19 &#45 &#83&#116&#114&#117&#99&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#117&#108&#97&#115 &#102&#111&#114&#13&#10&#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 (1) and psilocin (2).<br> CH3 CH3 Psilocybe semilanceata Figure &#50&#48 &#45 &#68&#105&#115&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#112&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114&#110 of Psilocybe semilanceata &#105&#110 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#100&#106&#97&#99&#101&#110&#116 areas. Locations are indicated by &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107 &#100&#111&#116&#115&#46&#13&#10&#67&#72&#65&#80&#84&#69&#82 &#51&#46&#50&#13&#10&#80&#83&#73&#76&#79&#67&#89&#66&#69 &#67&#89&#65&#78&#69&#83&#67&#69&#78&#83 - POTENT MUSHROOMS GROWING ON WOOD DEBRIS At least one &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#97&#100&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110 to Psilocybe semilanceata is &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#101&#120&#105&#115&#116 &#105&#110 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#46 &#65&#116 this point, I &#109&#117&#115&#116 &#101&#109&#112&#104&#97&#115&#105&#122&#101&#13&#10&#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116&#105&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 of single species within the &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#103&#101&#110&#117&#115 &#105&#115 &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116 to considerable controversy among &#101&#109&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 &#116&#97&#120&#111&#110&#111&#109&#105&#115&#116&#115&#46 &#70&#111&#114&#13&#10&#101&#120&#97&#109&#112&#108&#101&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 are different methods of distinguishing the &#72&#121&#112&#104&#111&#108&#111&#109&#97 &#103&#101&#110&#117&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/buy+magic+mushrooms+from+Oaxaca.php" title="From Magic Mushrooms Mushrooms Oaxaca" alt="From Magic Mushrooms Mushrooms Oaxaca" >From Magic Mushrooms Mushrooms Oaxaca</a> &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#83&#116&#114&#111&#112&#104&#97&#114&#105&#97 genus. The Widespread Distribution of &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115&#13&#10&#87&#104&#105&#108&#101 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 is a species that has long been clearly defined &#97&#110&#100 &#105&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108&#13&#10&#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#98&#121 this name, there are, according to Krieglsteiner, other &#115&#116&#114&#111&#110&#103&#108&#121 &#98&#108&#117&#105&#110&#103 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#13&#10&#116&#104&#97&#116 &#99&#97&#110 be described as &#98&#101&#108&#111&#110&#103&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#34&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 complex". These &#97&#114&#101 &#97&#108&#108&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#103&#114&#111&#119 on raw compost &#97&#110&#100 &#112&#108&#97&#110&#116&#13&#10&#100&#101&#98&#114&#105&#115&#46&#13&#10&#73&#110 &#97&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#97&#110&#99&#101 &#119&#105&#116&#104 current &#115&#116&#97&#116&#101&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#107&#110&#111&#119&#108&#101&#100&#103&#101&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 names in the literature are merely synonyms &#102&#111&#114 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115&#13&#10&#87&#97&#107&#101&#102&#105&#101&#108&#100 &#101&#109&#101&#110&#100&#46 &#75&#114&#105&#101&#103&#108&#115&#116&#101&#105&#110&#101&#114&#58&#13&#10&#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116 herbariums. However, the microscopic data pertaining to the Psilocybe species are poorly delineated &#97&#110&#100 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 &#111&#118&#101&#114&#108&#97&#112&#46 &#73&#116 &#105&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101&#102&#111&#114&#101&#13&#10&#105&#109&#112&#101&#114&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116 additional mycological &#115&#116&#117&#100&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#98&#101 performed. &#84&#111 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#101&#110&#100&#44&#13&#10&#102&#114&#101&#115&#104 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#115&#97&#109&#112&#108&#101&#115 from various European locations should be used, and biochemical methods must be included in the investigation.<br> Guzman's division of Psilocybe cyanescens &#98&#121 &#103&#101&#111&#103&#114&#97&#112&#104&#105&#99&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101&#97&#44 &#104&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 &#100&#101&#102&#105&#110&#105&#116&#101&#108&#121 turned out &#116&#111 &#98&#101&#13&#10&#105&#110&#97&#99&#99&#117&#114&#97&#116&#101&#46 &#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 his system, &#45&#78&#111&#114&#116&#104 &#65&#102&#114&#105&#99&#97&#13&#10&#119&#97&#115 &#104&#111&#109&#101 &#116&#111 Psilocybe mairei, while Psilocybe cyanescens were found in England and Holland and Psilocybe serbica &#115&#117&#112&#112&#111&#115&#101&#100&#108&#121 &#103&#114&#101&#119 &#105&#110 &#83&#101&#114&#98&#105&#97 and Bohemia. &#84&#104&#101 &#103&#101&#111&#103&#114&#97&#112&#104&#105&#99 &#100&#105&#115&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 the entire species &#115&#101&#101&#109&#115 &#116&#111 &#99&#111&#118&#101&#114 &#97 vast &#97&#114&#101&#97&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#118&#97&#114&#105&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#13&#10&#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#99&#108&#105&#109&#97&#116&#101 and &#116&#101&#114&#114&#97&#105&#110 &#97&#116 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101 samples were &#99&#111&#108&#108&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100&#46 &#83&#117&#99&#104 &#100&#105&#115&#112&#97&#114&#97&#116&#101 &#109&#111&#114&#112&#104&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#101&#115 are to be expected when dealing with "young" species, that is, &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#110&#111&#116 yet firmly established themselves and are still &#101&#120&#112&#97&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#110&#101&#119&#13&#10&#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#55 (p. 14) &#100&#105&#115&#112&#108&#97&#121&#115 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101 &#97&#110&#100 North Africa where &#115&#97&#109&#112&#108&#101&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#104&#97&#118&#101 been &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100&#46&#13&#10&#45 &#72&#121&#112&#104&#111&#108&#111&#109&#97 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#82&#46 Maire - Hypholoma coprinifacies (Rolland ss. Herink) Pouzar - Geophila cyanescens (R. Maire) Kuhner &#38&#13&#10&#82&#111&#109&#97&#103&#110&#101&#115&#105&#13&#10&#45 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#114&#98&#105&#99&#97 &#77&#111&#115&#101&#114 &#38 Horak - Psilocybe mairei Singer - Psilocyb <p align="center"> In addition, many &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#117&#115&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#102 &#34&#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 mushrooms" in &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#109&#97&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 become aware of their mind-altering and visionary effects by &#114&#101&#97&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#117&#98&#108&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 &#108&#105&#116&#101&#114&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101 or the many news items appearing in the &#112&#111&#112&#117&#108&#97&#114 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#115 &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 the late l960's &#97&#110&#100 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#108&#57&#55&#48&#39&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#115&#101 news items &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101&#100 &#98&#111&#116&#104 &#97&#99&#99&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116&#97&#108 and deliberate intoxication's which resulted from the ingestion of several varieties &#111&#102 &#34&#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#34&#46 &#70&#111&#114 example, &#105&#110 &#49&#57&#55&#50&#44 &#111&#110&#101 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/alternative+to+magic+mushroom/growing+magic+mushroom.php" title="Alternative To Magic Mushroom Growing Magic Mushroom" alt="Alternative To Magic Mushroom Growing Magic Mushroom" >Alternative To Magic Mushroom Growing Magic Mushroom</a> &#108&#111&#99&#97&#108 newspaper report &#112&#114&#111&#118&#105&#100&#101&#100 &#97&#110 &#97&#99&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116 &#114&#101&#103&#97&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 &#117&#115&#101 of these <H3>hillucination on poop cow poop</H3> mushrooms &#98&#121 &#121&#111&#117&#110&#103 &#116&#101&#101&#110&#97&#103&#101&#114&#115 &#97&#116 a local high &#115&#99&#104&#111&#111&#108 &#105&#110 &#66&#114&#105&#115&#98&#97&#110&#101&#58 &#34&#46&#46&#46&#99&#104&#105&#108&#100&#114&#101&#110 at a &#115&#117&#98&#117&#114&#98&#97&#110 &#115&#99&#104&#111&#111&#108 &#97&#114&#101 &#103&#101&#116&#116&#105&#110&#103 high on mushrooms called 'Gold Tops.' The mushrooms are common along the Brisbane River near Toowing High School, and children in search &#111&#102 &#96&#107&#105&#99&#107&#115&#39 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 experimenting with them &#40&#85&#110&#115&#105&#103&#110&#101&#100&#44 &#49&#57&#55&#50&#41&#46&#34 &#73&#116 &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 be very obvious &#116&#111 &#97&#110&#121&#111&#110&#101 &#119&#104&#111 &#114&#101&#97&#100 this &#97&#98&#111&#118&#101 &#109&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110&#101&#100 &#110&#101&#119&#115 &#105&#116&#101&#109&#44 when it &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#112&#114&#105&#110&#116&#44 &#116&#104&#97&#116 those searching for hallucinogenic &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#98&#101 &#97&#98&#108&#101 to &#102&#105&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#109 &#105&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#121 so desired. There is yet another factor that may have played a significant &#114&#111&#108&#101 &#105&#110 &#112&#114&#111&#109&#111&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#101&#115&#116 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 use of &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 and &#78&#90&#46 &#83&#111&#109&#101 &#100&#114&#117&#103 &#117&#115&#101&#114&#115 or mycophillic individuals may have read or &#104&#101&#97&#114&#100 &#111&#102 &#82&#46 &#71&#111&#114&#100&#111&#110 Wasson's &#112&#101&#114&#115&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#97&#99&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116 &#111&#102 &#104&#105&#115 adventurous rediscovery of an hallucinogenic mushroom cult among the &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#101&#99 &#73&#110&#100&#105&#97&#110&#115 &#111&#102 &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104&#101&#114&#110 &#77&#101&#120&#105&#99&#111&#46 Dr. Wasson reported the ceremonial use &#111&#102 &#99&#101&#114&#116&#97&#105&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#115 &#100&#105&#118&#105&#110&#97&#116&#111&#114&#121 substances among the Mazatecs and &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#110&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#112&#101&#111&#112&#108&#101&#115 &#105&#110 Oaxaca, Mexico (see Wasson, 1957). This journalistic report of Wasson's research expedition appeared in an international &#101&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#76&#105&#102&#101 &#77&#97&#103&#97&#122&#105&#110&#101 in the late &#108&#57&#53&#48&#39&#115&#44 &#112&#114&#111&#118&#105&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#109&#97&#110&#121 &#100&#114&#117&#103 users and &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#115 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101 &#105&#110&#99&#101&#110&#116&#105&#118&#101 to seek out, find, and eventually experiment with these mushrooms. </p> It has been suggested by an Australian physician that the general public in Australia, as well as members of its drug using subculture, first became aware of the visionary properties of these psychoactive mushrooms by a visiting surfer(s), who came from either New Zealand or the United States (Hawaii) and most likely provided ethnomycological information to local surfers (McCarthy, 1971). This physician reported that the use of psychoactive mushrooms, as well as 21 other drugs "was well demonstrated during a survey on drug abuse that was conducted in Southern Queensland during l969." This survey relied on interviews of 51 people belonging to "the `surfer' subculture local beach resorts". In this report, the doctor believed that "although the survey involved surfers and their female friends, there is no suggestion that the use of these drugs is confined to this group, which constitutes but a proportion of our (Australian) young drug taking community." It is thus likely that word-of-mouth communication made a significant contribution to the increasing use of "magic mushrooms" in Australia and NZ. Most recreational users of Psilocybe cubensis (when grown in vitro) require a dosage of 1 to 2 gm of dried mushrooms to produce an altered state of consciousness; a clinical dosage for Psilocybe cubensis, on the other hand, had previously been reported as ranging from 3 to 5 gm of dried material. This dosage would be comparable to the amount of fungal material consumed for religious purposes in a Mazatec Indian healing and curing ceremony. In 1982, one research team "found that the level of psilocybin and psilocin varies over a factor of 4 among various in vitro cultures of Psilocybe cubensis, while specimens from outdoors varied tenfold." A fresh dosage of Psilocybe cubensis in Australia would be approximately from 1 to 2 large mushrooms weighing up to as much as one fresh ounce, or as many as from 25 to 50 small mushrooms equaling the same weight amount. Ethnopharmacologist Jonathan Ott (1976, 1993) noted that he has observed "the ingestion of from 0.5 gm to 5.9 gm dried weight (10 gm to 40 gm fresh)", of various species of Psilocybe. Dosage for Psilocybe subcubensis would be the same as for Psilocybe cubensis. Both of these latter two species are macroscopically alike. The usual dosage for Copelandia cyanescens required to induce psychedelic visual effects ranges from 1 to 3 large specimens (cap diameter c. 5 mm), or as many as 5 to l0 medium-sized mushrooms (cap diameter c. 2.5 mm); however, personal tolerance to this species may occur with continued use, and some who consume large amounts of this mushroom have reportedly ingested as many as 50 to 200 fresh specimens of various sizes. ulinary mushroom bears no resemblance, either in size or form, to Inocybe aeruginascens. Overall, however, these unfortunate cases have also contributed to our understanding of mushroom biochemistry. In this context, I want to emphasize once more that the hallucinogenic varieties among the Inocybes can easily be mistaken for those muscarine-producing Inocybe species that are extremely poisonous. As part of his investigation of the Psilocybe genus, Guzman noted a common trait among the hallucinogenic species, in addition to the bluing reaction: a flour-like smell or taste. Apart from the inherent subjective nature of our sense of smell and taste, a common odor is a trait that definitely does not apply to the European species (also see Chapter 3.2). Mycophile or Mycophobe? There are reports from the Western United States about people with expert knowledge of Psilocybe semilanceata - devoted mushroom hunters who can identify the species with drill and accuracy. At the same time, however, these experts cannot identify easily spotted common table mushrooms, nor are they able to differentiate the Agaricus species (champignons) from other mushrooms, even when these species grow on the same pasture. Such individuals, then, are not interested in species other than Psilocybe semilanceata. In my opinion, this attitude reflects a rare combination of mycophilia and mycophobia. A mushroom's spore dust provides important information needed to determine identity. A spore print is left by the gills when the cap is placed on black or white paper (depending on spore color). As the process takes several hours, a glass vessel must be placed over the cap to prevent drying. While useful, information obtained from spore analyses has its limitations, For instance, spores derived from mushrooms belonging to different genera may have the same color, but reveal basic differences under the microscope. There is also a high degree of similarity among spores from different Psilocybe species. Thus, the only way to prevent grave errors and potentially deadly intoxications is to rely on experienced experts for mushroom identification, a process that must include analysis of available ecological data. CHAPTER 5 THE BLUING PHENOMENON AND METOL TESTING: REALITY VS. WISHFUL THINKING As previously discussed in Chapters 3.1 and 3.7, the bluing reaction is characteristic of species that produce psilocybin. Still, for unknown reasons, some species or samples belonging to a genus that usually turns blue may not always change color, regardless of psilocybin content. Among the species that I have examined, Psilocybe bohemica displayed the most impressive bluing reaction. The caps of this species stain very quickly in reaction to pressure. Other species, such as Psilocybe cubensis (Earle) Sing. have stems that develop very intensely blue stains, while their caps do not exhibit the bluing reaction. By contrast, Psilocybe <div align="center"> JOCHEN GARTZ MAGIC &#77&#85&#83&#72&#82&#79&#79&#77&#83&#13&#10&#65&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100&#13&#10&#65 &#83&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99 Journey Across &#67&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#84&#105&#109&#101&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#67&#97&#115&#101 &#102&#111&#114 &#67&#104&#97&#108&#108&#101&#110&#103&#105&#110&#103 Research and Value Systems * LIS PUBLICATIONS &#42 &#76&#79&#83 &#65&#78&#71&#69&#76&#69&#83&#44 &#67&#65&#42&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 1 - Water Color Painting of Psilocybe &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#13&#10&#40&#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#44 &#49&#57&#50&#55&#41&#13&#10&#84&#65&#66&#76&#69 &#79&#70 &#67&#79&#78&#84&#69&#78&#84 (With &#65&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#76&#105&#110&#107&#115&#39 &#74&#117&#115&#116 &#67&#108&#105&#99&#107 On &#65 &#83&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116 &#84&#111 &#71&#111 To The &#80&#97&#103&#101&#41&#13&#10&#34&#87&#104&#111 &#87&#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#70&#105&#114&#115&#116 Magician?" - Foreword by Christian Ratsch 7 1. Introduction 9 2. Reflections &#111&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#72&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#121 &#97&#110&#100 &#83&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99 Study of Magic Mushrooms 10 3. The Current State &#111&#102 &#75&#110&#111&#119&#108&#101&#100&#103&#101 &#65&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 Species &#49&#52&#13&#10&#51&#46&#49 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#58 &#84&#104&#101 Classic Species Among European &#80&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#49&#54&#13&#10&#51&#46&#50 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 cyanescens: Potent &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#71&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#110 &#87&#111&#111&#100 Debris &#50&#57&#13&#10&#51&#46&#51 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 &#115&#117&#98&#98&#97&#108&#116&#101&#97&#116&#117&#115&#58 &#77&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#121 and Myths &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 &#83&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 37 3.4 magic mushrooms in wood chips Inocybe aeruginascens: Fast-Spreading New Arrivals 44 3.<br>5 &#71&#121&#109&#110&#111&#112&#105&#108&#117&#115 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#117&#114&#97&#116&#117&#115&#58 &#77&#97&#103&#110&#105&#102&#105&#99&#101&#110&#116 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 from South America 51 3.6 Conocybe cyanopus: &#84&#105&#110&#121 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#111&#102 &#82&#101&#109&#97&#114&#107&#97&#98&#108&#101 Potency 55 3.7 Pluteus salicinus: A Little-known Wood-Inhabiting Species 58 4. &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#73&#100&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#58 &#84&#97&#120&#111&#110&#111&#109&#105&#99 &#67&#111&#110&#102&#117&#115&#105&#111&#110 and the Potential for Deadly Mistakes 61 5. The to shrooms shrooms how Bluing Phenomenon &#97&#110&#100 &#77&#101&#116&#111&#108 &#84&#101&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103&#58 &#82&#101&#97&#108&#105&#116&#121 vs. Wishful Thinking &#54&#51&#13&#10&#54&#46 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#67&#117&#108&#116&#105&#118&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#58 &#67&#108&#97&#115&#115&#105&#99 Findings and New Techniques 66 7. Psychotropic <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/shroomcowfungus.php" title="Shroomcowfungus" alt="Shroomcowfungus" >Shroomcowfungus</a> Mushroom Species Around &#116&#104&#101 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100 &#55&#55&#13&#10&#55&#46&#49 &#83&#112&#111&#116&#108&#105&#103&#104&#116 on North &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#72&#97&#119&#97&#105&#105 &#55&#57&#13&#10&#55&#46&#50 Mycophilia in Central and South America 82 7.3 Australia's Mycoflora Attracts Attention 84 7.<br>4 European &#67&#117&#115&#116&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#67&#111&#110&#118&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#56&#55&#13&#10&#55&#46&#53 Japanese Experimentation &#57&#51&#13&#10&#55&#46&#54 &#73&#110&#116&#111&#120&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#79&#108&#100&#101&#115&#116 Known &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#67&#117&#108&#116 &#105&#110 &#65&#102&#114&#105&#99&#97 95 7.7 Usage in Southeast &#65&#115&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104 Pacific Islands 98 8. Some &#67&#111&#109&#109&#101&#110&#116&#115 &#111&#110 &#69&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115 &#111&#102 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 the Category &#80&#104&#97&#110&#116&#97&#115&#116&#105&#107&#97 &#49&#48&#50&#13&#10&#57&#46 &#80&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#97&#112&#121 &#49&#48&#56&#13&#10&#49&#48&#46 Outlook 114 11. Bibliography &#49&#50&#48&#13&#10&#73&#110&#100&#101&#120 &#49&#50&#57&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#50 &#45 Psilocybe cubensis from Australia Figure &#51 &#45 &#87&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114 painting of Panaeolus subbalteatus (Germany, 1927).<br> Figure 4 - Fresh Panaeolus subbalteatus mushrooms. FOREWORD Nobody knows precisely when &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#101&#109&#101&#114&#103&#101&#100 from the shadows &#111&#102&#13&#10&#112&#114&#101&#104&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#121 &#116&#111 &#101&#110&#116&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#101 light of consciousness. Nobody knows &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 mushroom was &#101&#97&#116&#101&#110 &#98&#121 &#97 &#104&#117&#109&#97&#110 being. &#78&#111&#98&#111&#100&#121 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#115&#13&#10&#106&#117&#115&#116 &#119&#104&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 mushroom <H3>Spores Semilanceata</H3> eater was. In seeking answers &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#113&#117&#101&#115&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#44 &#119&#101 can only speculate. Mycophobes, however, &#97&#114&#101 &#113&#117&#105&#99&#107 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#118&#111&#105&#99&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 conviction &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#111&#110&#108&#121 &#97 &#102&#111&#111&#108 would &#98&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#99&#107&#108&#101&#115&#115 &#101&#110&#111&#117&#103&#104 &#116&#111 &#119&#97&#110&#116 to attain a higher &#115&#116&#97&#116&#101&#13&#10&#111&#102 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115 &#98&#101&#121&#111&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 boundaries of everyday reality. And &#111&#110&#108&#121 &#97 &#102&#111&#111&#108 &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 attempt to do this by ingesting those &#111&#100&#100 &#108&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#109&#121&#115&#116&#101&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115&#108&#121 thrive on decaying, humid soil, rotten wood &#97&#110&#100 &#109&#97&#108&#111&#100&#111&#114&#111&#117&#115 &#109&#111&#117&#110&#100&#115 &#111&#102 cow manure. Historically, magic, mushrooms have been feared and hated` since antiquity: magic mushrooms &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#111&#117&#103&#104&#116 &#116&#111 &#98&#101 &#109&#97&#100&#101 from poisons that &#104&#97&#100 &#100&#114&#105&#112&#112&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#115&#101&#114&#112&#101&#110&#116&#115&#39 fangs; they were <i>magic mushroom kits</i> considered to be unclean emissions of evil &#115&#112&#105&#114&#105&#116&#115&#59 &#109&#111&#114&#101&#111&#118&#101&#114&#44 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#97 kn </div> </p> </div> <div id="footer"> <div class="left"> <a href="/About.html" class="doNotPrint">About</a><br /> <a href="/Gallery.html" class="doNotPrint">Gallery</a> </div> <br class="doNotDisplay doNotPrint" /> <div class="right"> copyright © 2006 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/buy+magic+mushroom/portabello+mushroom.php" title="Mushroom Portabello Buy Portabello Buy" alt="Mushroom Portabello Buy Portabello Buy" >Mushroom Portabello Buy Portabello Buy</a><br /> design by <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/wheredomagicmushroomsgrownaturally.php" title="Wheredomagicmushroomsgrownaturally" alt="Wheredomagicmushroomsgrownaturally" >Wheredomagicmushroomsgrownaturally</a> </div></div> </body>