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Psilocybe"></a> It has been suggested by an Australian physician that the general public in Australia, as well as members of its drug using subculture, several members of a family eat the mushrooms together: it is not uncommon for a father, mother, children, uncles, and aunts to all participate in these transformations of the mind that elevate consciousness onto a higher plan. The kinship relation is thus the basis of the transcendental subjectivity that Husserl said is intersubjectivity. The mushrooms themselves are eaten in pairs, a couple representing man and woman that symbolizes the dual principle of procreation and creation. Then they sit together in their inner light, dream and realize and converse with each other, presences seated there together, their bodies immaterialized by the blackness, voices from without their communality. In a general sense, for everyone present the purpose of the session is a therapeutic catharsis. The chemicals of transformation of revelation that open the circuits of light, vision, and communication, called by us mind-manifesting, were known to the American Indians as medicines: the means given to men to know and to heal, to see and to say the truth. Among the Mazatecs, many, one time or another during their lives, have eaten the mushrooms, whether to cure themselves of an ailment or to resolve a problem; but it is not everyone who has a predilection for such extreme and arduous experiences of the creative imagination or who would want to repeat such journeys into the strange, unknown depths of the brain very frequently: those who do are the shamans, the masters, whose vocation it is to eat the mushrooms because they are the men of the spirit, the men of language, the men of wisdom. They are individuals recognized by their people to be expert in such psychological adventures, and when the others eat the mushrooms they always call to be with them, as a guide, one of those who is considered to be particularly acquainted with these modalities of the spirit. The medicine man presides over the session, for just as the Mazatec family is paternal and authoritarian, the liberating experience unfolds in the authoritarian context of a situation in which, rather than being allowed to speak or encouraged to express themselves, everyone is enjoined to keep silent and listen while the shaman speaks for each of those who are present. As one of the early Spanish chroniclers of the New World said: "They pay a sorcerer who eats them the mushrooms] and tells them what they have taught him. He does so by means of a rhythmic chant in full voice." <p align="center"> ed and large numbers of studies were &#99&#111&#110&#100&#117&#99&#116&#101&#100&#44&#13&#10&#112&#114&#105&#109&#97&#114&#105&#108&#121 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#76&#83&#68&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#115&#101 investigators sought to discover the receptor binding sites for hallucinogenic compounds in the brain and to understand the mechanisms underlying the genesis of psychedelic visions. Today, &#119&#101 &#115&#116&#105&#108&#108&#13&#10&#108&#97&#99&#107 &#97 &#115&#111&#117&#110&#100 theoretical framework able &#116&#111&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#108&#97&#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#104&#105&#112 &#98&#101&#116&#119&#101&#101&#110 chemical compounds and the manifestation of their psychoactivity.<br> Even though basic research &#105&#115&#13&#10&#99&#101&#114&#116&#97&#105&#110&#108&#121 &#105&#109&#112&#111&#114&#116&#97&#110&#116&#44 &#105&#116&#115 &#109&#101&#116&#104&#111&#100&#115&#44 unfortunately, are often &#97 &#102&#117&#110&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#97 rather one-sided pharmacological approach to &#105&#110&#118&#101&#115&#116&#105&#103&#97&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115 &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#44 LSD and mescaline - an approach &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#105&#115&#44 &#105&#110 &#102&#97&#99&#116&#44 too narrow to address the remarkably unusual nature &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 effects. Misunderstandings between pharmacologists and toxicologists on the one hand and psychiatrists and psychologists on &#116&#104&#101 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#99&#97&#110&#13&#10&#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#98&#101 &#116&#114&#97&#99&#101&#100 all the way back to the 1950's, creating a &#108&#101&#103&#97&#99&#121 &#111&#102 &#100&#105&#115&#112&#117&#116&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 arguments that have yet to be resolved.<br> S. Grof &#117&#110&#100&#101&#114&#116&#111&#111&#107 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#116&#101&#100&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#116&#97&#115&#107 &#111&#102 analyzing 5,000 experimental LSD protocols in an effort to isolate "absolute" symptoms that are &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#111&#114 &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114 &#97&#108&#108 of the time. His results were negative. &#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 <H3> shrooms blue stains</H3> &#71&#114&#111&#102&#44&#13&#10&#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99 &#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101&#115 are non-specific triggers causing a &#115&#101&#113&#117&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#111&#102 &#97&#108&#116&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#115&#116&#97&#116&#101&#115 of consciousness, which &#100&#111 &#110&#111&#116 &#102&#105&#116 &#116&#104&#101 syndrome labeled "toxic psychosis". &#82&#97&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#105&#116 &#105&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#105&#110&#100&#105&#118&#105&#100&#117&#97&#108&#39&#115 personality, along with the experimental setting that significantly shape the nature of the psychedelic experience. This view is shared by a majority of experts with considerable experience in conducting psychedelics-assisted psychotherapy.<br> Even "real" somatic &#115&#121&#109&#112&#116&#111&#109&#115&#44&#13&#10&#115&#117&#99&#104 &#97&#115 &#110&#97&#117&#115&#101&#97 &#111&#114 vomiting, can often be controlled through psychological intervention techniques administered by trained professionals.<br> A Plethora of Names The &#98&#114&#111&#97&#100 &#114&#97&#110&#103&#101 &#111&#102 &#112&#111&#115&#115&#105&#98&#108&#101 experiences inspired the use of labels other than "hallucinogens", with widely differing semantic connotations: entheogens, psychedelics, illusionogens, psycholytics, psychomimetics, psychodysleptica, psychoemetics and others. "Phantastica" (Lewin) is the oldest &#108&#97&#98&#101&#108&#13&#10&#101&#118&#101&#114 &#117&#115&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101 this class of &#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#105&#115&#13&#10&#116&#101&#114&#109 &#115&#117&#99&#99&#101&#115&#115&#102&#117&#108&#108&#121 &#101&#118&#111&#107&#101&#115 dream-like, fanciful aspects of the experience, as well as the potential for euphoric and dysphoric emotional &#111&#118&#101&#114&#116&#111&#110&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#77&#111&#114&#101 &#114&#101&#99&#101&#110&#116 &#116&#101&#114&#109&#105&#110&#111&#108&#111&#103&#121 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 says more about semantic biases of those who use the labels than about any &#102&#97&#99&#116&#117&#97&#108&#44 &#111&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#99&#104&#97&#114&#97&#99&#116&#101&#114&#105&#115&#116&#105&#99&#115 &#111&#102 the alkaloids &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#114&#101&#102&#101&#114 &#116&#111&#46 &#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103&#108&#121&#44 official antidrug propaganda since the 1960's has disparaged "psychedelics" as excessively glamorous &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#111&#111 &#112&#111&#115&#105&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#97 label, as the term was popular among Timothy Leary's fans and supporters. When used in low doses or for &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116&#13&#10&#116&#105&#109&#101&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101&#115 are most &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121 &#116&#111 &#98&#114&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#97 kind of magical transformation of surroundings, with &#97 &#104&#101&#105&#103&#104&#116&#101&#110&#101&#100 &#97&#98&#105&#108&#105&#116&#121 &#116&#111 perceive subtle differences along the color <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/Dipropyltryptamine+poland.asp" title="Dipropyltryptamine Poland" alt="Dipropyltryptamine Poland" >Dipropyltryptamine Poland</a> spectru </p> It has been suggested by an Australian physician that the general public in Australia, as well as members of its drug using subculture, first became aware of the visionary properties of these psychoactive mushrooms by a visiting surfer(s), who came from either New Zealand or the United States (Hawaii) and most likely provided ethnomycological information to local surfers (McCarthy, 1971). This physician reported that the use of psychoactive mushrooms, as well as 21 other drugs "was well demonstrated during a survey on drug abuse that was conducted in Southern Queensland during l969." This survey relied on interviews of 51 people belonging to "the `surfer' subculture local beach resorts". In this report, the doctor believed that "although the survey involved surfers and their female friends, there is no suggestion that the use of these drugs is confined to this group, which constitutes but a proportion of our (Australian) young drug taking community." It is thus likely that word-of-mouth communication made a significant contribution to the increasing use of "magic mushrooms" in Australia and NZ. , and who gorge themselves on our tax dollars. I met Jochen Gartz shortly after the fall of the Berlin Wall at the third symposium of the European College for the Study of Consciousness (ECSC) in Freiburg, Germany. Our encounter was my first contact with a researcher from the former East Germany. Jochen Gartz's enthusiastic lecture was a truly consciousnessexpanding event, his words breaking down traditional borders and crossing over into new territory. The magic mushrooms spoke through him - with no trace of dogma or ideology - in the tradition of true anarchy that is the hallmark of mushroom magic. What I heard was unbelievable. Jochen spoke of a "new" psychedelic mushroom and its migration. The mycelia had spread in concentric circles outward from Leipzig, jumping all political borders. Finally, when the mycelia reached West German soil, the hated Berlin Wall crumbled. Could there possibly be a connection between the evolution of the magic mushroom and the evolution of our consciousness? Could a mushroom have contributed to the resolution of our political conflicts? In the past, politicians, even popes, had their own jesters and magicians, who functioned as pressure release valves in the machinations of political power struggles. It is obvious that a country whose chancellor is being pelted with eggs, urgently needs a new breed of magician who are able to readjust reality. But today, no aspiring magician should go about this task without this book as a guide for the wondrous journey into the realm of magic mushrooms. Christian Rdtsch Figure 5 - "Anthropomorphic Beings Engaged in Mushroom Dance" 10,000-year-old rock drawing in Tassili, Sahara (Algeria) CHAPTER 1 I BELIEVE THE TIME HAS COME FOR A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF NEW FINDINGS FROM THE FIELDS OF MYCOLOGY, TAXONOMY AND NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY When R.G. Wasson, R. Heim and A. Hofmann began their interdisciplinary research program to study the Mexican species of mushrooms and their usage in Mexican mushroom cults, their efforts culminated in a 1958 landmark report that described the isolation, molecular structure and synthesis of the mushrooms' active ingredients: psilocybin and psilocin. Several years later, these substances were also identified in a species of mushroom in Europe, Psilocybe semilanceata, which became the first in a series of newly discovered species. Since then, psychoactive mushrooms from other genera have been reported with increasing frequency. As part of my analytical work dedicated to the identification of naturally occurring chemicals, I had the good fortune to be part of a research team that studied alkaloids found in a variety of mushroom species. Now I believe the time has come for a comprehensive review of new findings from the fields of mycology, taxonomy and natural products chemistry. Wasson and his successors have already provided detailed accounts pertaining to the history and study of the Me <p align="center"> ulinary mushroom bears &#110&#111&#13&#10&#114&#101&#115&#101&#109&#98&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#44 &#101&#105&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#105&#110 &#115&#105&#122&#101 or form, to Inocybe aeruginascens. Overall, however, these unfortunate cases have also contributed to our understanding of &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#98&#105&#111&#99&#104&#101&#109&#105&#115&#116&#114&#121&#46&#13&#10&#73&#110 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#101&#120&#116&#44 I want to emphasize once more that the hallucinogenic varieties among the &#73&#110&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#115 &#99&#97&#110 &#101&#97&#115&#105&#108&#121 &#98&#101 mistaken for those muscarine-producing &#73&#110&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#13&#10&#116&#104&#97&#116 &#97&#114&#101 &#101&#120&#116&#114&#101&#109&#101&#108&#121 poisonous. As part of his &#105&#110&#118&#101&#115&#116&#105&#103&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#103&#101&#110&#117&#115&#44 Guzman &#110&#111&#116&#101&#100 &#97 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110&#13&#10&#116&#114&#97&#105&#116 &#97&#109&#111&#110&#103 the hallucinogenic species, in addition to the bluing &#114&#101&#97&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110&#58 &#97 &#102&#108&#111&#117&#114&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#115&#109&#101&#108&#108 &#111&#114 taste.<br> Apart from &#116&#104&#101 &#105&#110&#104&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116&#13&#10&#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101 &#111&#102 our sense of smell and taste, a common odor is a trait that definitely does not apply to the &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#40&#97&#108&#115&#111&#13&#10&#115&#101&#101 &#67&#104&#97&#112&#116&#101&#114 3.2). Mycophile or Mycophobe? There are reports &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#87&#101&#115&#116&#101&#114&#110&#13&#10&#85&#110&#105&#116&#101&#100 &#83&#116&#97&#116&#101&#115 about &#112&#101&#111&#112&#108&#101 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#116&#13&#10&#107&#110&#111&#119&#108&#101&#100&#103&#101 &#111&#102 Psilocybe semilanceata - devoted mushroom hunters who can identify the species with drill and accuracy. At &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#115&#97&#109&#101 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#44 &#104&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 experts cannot identify easily spotted common table mushrooms, &#110&#111&#114 &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#98&#108&#101 to differentiate the Agaricus species (champignons) from other mushrooms, &#101&#118&#101&#110 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#103&#114&#111&#119 on the same pasture. Such individuals, then, are not interested in &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#46 In my opinion, this attitude reflects a &#114&#97&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#109&#98&#105&#110&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#105&#97 and mycophobia. A mushroom's spore dust <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/liberty+cap+mushrooms+uk.asp" title="MUSHROOMS Contact MUSHROOMS Contact LIBERTY Contact MUSHROOMS" alt="MUSHROOMS Contact MUSHROOMS Contact LIBERTY Contact MUSHROOMS" >MUSHROOMS Contact MUSHROOMS Contact LIBERTY Contact MUSHROOMS</a> provides important information &#110&#101&#101&#100&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#100&#101&#116&#101&#114&#109&#105&#110&#101&#13&#10&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#65 spore print is left &#98&#121 &#116&#104&#101 &#103&#105&#108&#108&#115 &#119&#104&#101&#110&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 cap &#105&#115 &#112&#108&#97&#99&#101&#100 &#111&#110 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107 or white paper (depending &#111&#110 &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#41&#46 &#65&#115 the &#112&#114&#111&#99&#101&#115&#115&#13&#10&#116&#97&#107&#101&#115 &#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#104&#111&#117&#114&#115&#44 &#97 glass &#118&#101&#115&#115&#101&#108 &#109&#117&#115&#116 &#98&#101&#13&#10&#112&#108&#97&#99&#101&#100 &#111&#118&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#97&#112 &#116&#111 prevent drying.<br> While useful, information &#111&#98&#116&#97&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101&#13&#10&#97&#110&#97&#108&#121&#115&#101&#115 &#104&#97&#115 its &#108&#105&#109&#105&#116&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#44 &#70&#111&#114 &#105&#110&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101&#44&#13&#10&#115&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115 &#100&#101&#114&#105&#118&#101&#100 from mushrooms belonging to different genera may have the same color, &#98&#117&#116&#13&#10&#114&#101&#118&#101&#97&#108 &#98&#97&#115&#105&#99 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#117&#110&#100&#101&#114 the microscope.<br> There is also a high degree &#111&#102 &#115&#105&#109&#105&#108&#97&#114&#105&#116&#121 &#97&#109&#111&#110&#103&#13&#10&#115&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 different Psilocybe species. Thus, the only &#119&#97&#121 &#116&#111 &#112&#114&#101&#118&#101&#110&#116 &#103&#114&#97&#118&#101 errors and potentially deadly intoxications is <H1> psilocybin cultivation cow manure</H1> to rely on experienced experts for &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#13&#10&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#97 &#112&#114&#111&#99&#101&#115&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#109&#117&#115&#116 include analysis of available &#101&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#100&#97&#116&#97&#46&#13&#10&#67&#72&#65&#80&#84&#69&#82 &#53&#13&#10&#84&#72&#69 &#66&#76&#85&#73&#78&#71 PHENOMENON &#65&#78&#68 &#77&#69&#84&#79&#76&#13&#10&#84&#69&#83&#84&#73&#78&#71&#58 &#82&#69&#65&#76&#73&#84&#89 &#86&#83&#46 WISHFUL THINKING As previously discussed in psilocybin grow kits Chapters 3.<br>1 and 3.7, the bluing reaction &#105&#115 &#99&#104&#97&#114&#97&#99&#116&#101&#114&#105&#115&#116&#105&#99&#13&#10&#111&#102 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 produce &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#46 &#83&#116&#105&#108&#108&#44 &#102&#111&#114&#13&#10&#117&#110&#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#114&#101&#97&#115&#111&#110&#115&#44 some species or samples belonging to a genus that usually turns blue may not always change color, regardless of psilocybin content.<br> Among the species that I have &#101&#120&#97&#109&#105&#110&#101&#100&#44 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#98&#111&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97&#13&#10&#100&#105&#115&#112&#108&#97&#121&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#111&#115&#116 impressive bluing reaction. The &#99&#97&#112&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 stain very quickly in reaction to pressure.<br> Other species, such as Psilocybe cubensis (Earle) Sing. have stems that develop very intensely blue stains, while their &#99&#97&#112&#115 &#100&#111 &#110&#111&#116 &#101&#120&#104&#105&#98&#105&#116 the bluing &#114&#101&#97&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 &#66&#121 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#114&#97&#115&#116&#44 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10 </p> n the U.S.) contribute to the therapeutic process; they may even be the sole source for future progress. Under these conditions, stereo music also significantly deepened the intensity of the experience. It appears that these kinds of specific experiences may also account for the remarkable success of treating terminal patients with LSD to ease their fears in the face of death and to reduce even the most severe forms of pain. In many such cases, symptoms disappeared entirely, and relief from pain and anxiety that continued even after the drug's acute effects had worn off. A book by S. Grof provides a compassionate analysis of such successful treatments, which serves to underscore the fact that systematic efforts to investigate these particular therapeutic benefits have only just begun. So far, LSD has been the most widely studied substance in terms of easing the suffering of terminally ill patients, as well as dipropyltryptamine (DPT), a synthetic drug structurally similar to psilocybin that is active only when administered by injection. Below, a young woman from Switzerland gives a detailed account of her second mushroom experience. Her first experiment, with Psilocybe cubensis, had already introduced her to the realm of mystical experiences. For her second journey, she used 20 Psilocybe semilanceata mushrooms as part of a group ritual and achieved transcendence. A remarkable feature of her account is that the presence of an experienced guide was needed to realize the full potential of this visionary quest. "1 sat down next to another participant, seeking to connect with others in preparation for my journey. We proceeded to eat the fresh mushrooms. The room grew quiet and lovely music began to play. The mushrooms's effects came on much faster than they did during my first experiment. Twice I tried to establish closer contact with my fellow participant, but he was very nervous, and no source of reassurance for me. I was seeking my spiritual companion, but did not find that person among the present group. I became a figure in a long, white robe, wandering aimlessly among the columns (Greece?), still searching. My gaze lingered briefly on the wall next to the door and I saw faces and figures appear and vanish, but they did not hold my interest. It was hopeless. I continued my aimless roaming, and I was on the material plane, which I wanted to leave - had to leave. Suddenly, I found myself with one of the guides, who wanted to help me. I stared off into the distance, longing to be free of the material plane, but unable to do so. For a long time, I failed to connect with the guide; our two worlds were just too different. Suddenly I sensed that he wasn't able to look at me directly. The path by which to reach me runs through my eyes, because only they are truly alive. I asked him to help me on my way and invited him to look into my eyes. I felt as if all life energy was draining from my bo <p align="left"> as well. &#66&#101&#108&#111&#119 &#97&#114&#101&#13&#10&#115&#111&#109&#101 &#101&#120&#99&#101&#114&#112&#116&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#104&#105&#115 research protocols: J.H. (a &#50&#52&#45&#121&#101&#97&#114&#45&#111&#108&#100 &#109&#97&#108&#101&#41 &#105&#110&#103&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100 &#102&#111&#117&#114&#13&#10&#99&#111&#111&#107&#101&#100 mushrooms at night, after a meal (!), and then ate another three fresh mushrooms 30 minutes later. This was &#102&#111&#108&#108&#111&#119&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#114&#101&#103&#117&#114&#103&#105&#116&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#97&#110&#100 45 minutes &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114&#44 &#104&#101 &#115&#116&#97&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#115&#119&#101&#97&#116 &#112&#114&#111&#102&#117&#115&#101&#108&#121 all &#111&#118&#101&#114&#13&#10&#104&#105&#115 &#104&#101&#97&#100 &#97&#110&#100 &#98&#111&#100&#121&#46 &#72&#105&#115 pulse rate and &#98&#114&#101&#97&#116&#104&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#119&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#99&#99&#101&#108&#101&#114&#97&#116&#101&#100&#44 &#98&#117&#116 &#115&#108&#111&#119&#101&#100 &#100&#111&#119&#110 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#111&#110&#46 He laid down and experienced visual hallucinations, which caused him to panic and to run a distance of about 1,200 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magic+mushroom+prague.asp" title="Magic Mushroom Prague" alt="Magic Mushroom Prague" >Magic Mushroom Prague</a> ft. to consult &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#110&#101&#97&#114&#101&#115&#116 &#100&#111&#99&#116&#111&#114&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#112&#104&#121&#115&#105&#99&#105&#97&#110 noted widely dilated pupils, and proceeded to have the patient's stomach pumped and then prescribed laxatives.<br> Three hours later, the abnormal state &#104&#97&#100 &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101&#108&#121&#13&#10&#115&#117&#98&#115&#105&#100&#101&#100&#59 &#98&#121 &#116&#104&#101 &#110&#101&#120&#116 morning, there &#119&#97&#115 &#110&#111&#13&#10&#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#111&#102 &#97&#110&#121 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#115&#105&#100&#101 effects. M.K. &#40&#97 &#50&#50&#45&#121&#101&#97&#114&#45&#111&#108&#100 &#109&#97&#108&#101&#41 &#97&#116&#101 just one fresh mushroom, which had no effects &#97&#116 &#97&#108&#108&#46&#13&#10&#75 &#46&#89&#46 &#40&#97 31-year-old male) ate five mushrooms. Regurgitation occurred 30 minutes after ingestion, followed by sweating around &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#104&#101&#97&#100 &#97&#110&#100 &#98&#111&#100&#121&#59 &#104&#105&#115 extremities appeared &#116&#111 &#98&#101&#13&#10&#115&#108&#105&#103&#104&#116&#108&#121 &#112&#97&#114&#97&#108&#121&#122&#101&#100&#46 &#84&#104&#105&#115 paralysis persisted for another three &#104&#111&#117&#114&#115&#46 &#68&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#44 the &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#13&#10&#104&#97&#100 &#103&#114&#101&#97&#116 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#105&#99&#117&#108&#116&#105&#101&#115 &#104&#97&#110&#100&#108&#105&#110&#103 a pen for &#119&#114&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103&#44&#13&#10&#104&#105&#115 &#109&#111&#111&#100 &#119&#97&#115 &#100&#101&#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#101&#100 and he experienced hallucinations, &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#97&#115 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#102&#117&#108 &#108&#105&#103&#104&#116&#115 flooding down from the &#115&#107&#121&#46 &#66&#121 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 morning, all of these effects had dissipated. The fresh fruiting bodies &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#98&#105&#116&#116&#101&#114&#44 &#97 &#116&#97&#115&#116&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#100&#105&#115&#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 after the &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#104&#97&#100 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#99&#111&#111&#107&#101&#100 in water.<br> The &#97&#98&#111&#118&#101 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#109&#101&#110&#116&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#114&#97&#116&#104&#101&#114&#13&#10&#97&#109&#97&#116&#101&#117&#114&#105&#115&#104&#44 and the descriptions &#111&#102 &#114&#101&#115&#117&#108&#116&#115 &#97&#114&#101&#13&#10&#104&#101&#97&#118&#105&#108&#121 &#105&#110&#102&#108&#117&#101&#110&#99&#101&#100 by a &#115&#105&#109&#112&#108&#105&#115&#116&#105&#99 &#112&#101&#114&#115&#112&#101&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#97&#115&#115&#117&#109&#101&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#39&#115&#13&#10&#112&#104&#97&#114&#109&#97&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108 effects proceed along a single, narrow track. Still, these &#97&#99&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#115 &#100&#101&#109&#111&#110&#115&#116&#114&#97&#116&#101&#13&#10&#116&#104&#97&#116 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#97&#114&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#100&#111&#115&#97&#103&#101&#115 of &#74&#97&#112&#97&#110&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 effects similar to those caused by Psilocybe species found on other continents. Much &#119&#111&#114&#107 &#115&#116&#105&#108&#108 &#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#115 &#116&#111 be done in the areas of phytochemistry and taxonomy before the body of knowledge about &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#105&#110 <u> mushrooms bronze bronze with</u> &#74&#97&#112&#97&#110 can grow &#116&#111 &#98&#101&#99&#111&#109&#101 &#97&#100&#101&#113&#117&#97&#116&#101&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#103&#101&#111&#103&#114&#97&#112&#104&#105&#99 distribution and ingredients of the Japanese &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#109&#117&#115&#116 &#97&#108&#115&#111 be studied further. For instance, Panaeolus subbalteatus is one of &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#97&#114&#101 growing &#111&#110 &#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108&#13&#10&#74&#97&#112&#97&#110&#101&#115&#101 &#105&#115&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115 &#116&#111&#100&#97&#121&#46&#13&#10&#67&#72&#65&#80&#84&#69&#82 7.<br>6 INTOXICATIONS &#65&#78&#68 &#84&#72&#69 &#79&#76&#68&#69&#83&#84 &#75&#78&#79&#87&#78&#13&#10&#77&#85&#83&#72&#82&#79&#79&#77 CULT &#73&#78 &#65&#70&#82&#73&#67&#65&#13&#10&#83&#111 &#102&#97&#114&#44 &#116&#104&#101 mycoflora of the African continent <H3> mushrooms bronze bronze with</H3> has been &#115&#116&#117&#100&#105&#101&#100 &#111&#110&#108&#121 &#112&#101&#114&#105&#112&#104&#101&#114&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#115 largely unknown.<br> During the late &#49&#57&#56&#48&#115&#44&#13&#10&#73&#116&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116 &#71&#46 &#83&#97&#109&#111&#114&#105&#110&#105 &#97&#110&#100 Terence McKenna, working independently, found evidence for the &#111&#108&#100&#101&#115&#116 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#99&#117&#108&#116 in Africa. Their discoveries were not just sensational, but most surprising &#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108&#46 &#79&#110 &#116&#104&#101 other hand, it really shouldn't &#99&#111&#109&#101 &#97&#115 &#97 &#115&#117&#114&#112&#114&#105&#115&#101 that the oldest traces &#111&#102 &#104&#117&#109&#97&#110 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#97&#99&#116 &#119&#105&#116&#104 mushrooms were found on the very continent known as the &#99&#114&#97&#100&#108&#101 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#104&#117&#109&#97&#110&#105&#116&#121&#46&#13&#10&#49&#48&#44&#48&#48&#48 &#89&#101&#97&#114&#115 &#79&#108&#100&#13&#10&#70&#114&#111&#109 &#57&#44&#48&#48&#48 to </p> <div align="justify"> JOCHEN GARTZ MAGIC MUSHROOMS Around the World A Scientific Journey Across Cultures &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#84&#105&#109&#101&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#67&#97&#115&#101 &#102&#111&#114 &#67&#104&#97&#108&#108&#101&#110&#103&#105&#110&#103 &#82&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 Value Systems * LIS PUBLICATIONS * LOS ANGELES, CA* Figure 1 &#45 &#87&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#67&#111&#108&#111&#114 &#80&#97&#105&#110&#116&#105&#110&#103 of Psilocybe semilanceata (Germany, 1927) TABLE &#79&#70 &#67&#79&#78&#84&#69&#78&#84 &#40&#87&#105&#116&#104 &#65&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 Links' Just Click On A Subject To Go To The Page) "Who Was &#116&#104&#101 &#70&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#77&#97&#103&#105&#99&#105&#97&#110&#63&#34 &#45 Foreword by Christian Ratsch 7 1. &#73&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#57&#13&#10&#50&#46 &#82&#101&#102&#108&#101&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#110 the History and &#83&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99 &#83&#116&#117&#100&#121 &#111&#102 &#77&#97&#103&#105&#99 Mushrooms 10 3. The Current &#83&#116&#97&#116&#101 &#111&#102 &#75&#110&#111&#119&#108&#101&#100&#103&#101 &#65&#98&#111&#117&#116 European Species 14 3.<br>1 Psilocybe semilanceata: The Classic Species Among European <i> Nutrient Requirements Psilocybe</i> Psychotropic Mushrooms 16 3.<br>2 Psilocybe cyanescens: Potent Mushrooms Growing &#111&#110 &#87&#111&#111&#100 &#68&#101&#98&#114&#105&#115 &#50&#57&#13&#10&#51&#46&#51 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 subbalteatus: Mycology and Myths about &#116&#104&#101 <H3>while mushrooms vision mushrooms</H3> &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 &#83&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#51&#55&#13&#10&#51&#46&#52 Inocybe aeruginascens: Fast-Spreading &#78&#101&#119 &#65&#114&#114&#105&#118&#97&#108&#115 &#52&#52&#13&#10&#51&#46&#53 &#71&#121&#109&#110&#111&#112&#105&#108&#117&#115 purpuratus: Magnificent Mushrooms from South America 51 3.6 &#67&#111&#110&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#111&#112&#117&#115&#58 &#84&#105&#110&#121 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 of Remarkable Potency 55 3.<br>7 Pluteus salicinus: A Little-known Wood-Inhabiting Species 58 4. Mushroom Identification: &#84&#97&#120&#111&#110&#111&#109&#105&#99 &#67&#111&#110&#102&#117&#115&#105&#111&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#80&#111&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#97&#108 for Deadly &#77&#105&#115&#116&#97&#107&#101&#115 &#54&#49&#13&#10&#53&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#66&#108&#117&#105&#110&#103 Phenomenon &#97&#110&#100 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/psilocybinmushroomsgrowingkitsoldtocanada.asp" title="Psilocybinmushroomsgrowingkitsoldtocanada" alt="Psilocybinmushroomsgrowingkitsoldtocanada" >Psilocybinmushroomsgrowingkitsoldtocanada</a> &#77&#101&#116&#111&#108 &#84&#101&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103&#58 &#82&#101&#97&#108&#105&#116&#121 &#118&#115&#46 Wishful Thinking 63 6. Mushroom Cultivation: Classic Findings and New Techniques 66 7.<br> Psychotropic Mushroom Species &#65&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100 &#55&#55&#13&#10&#55&#46&#49 Spotlight on North &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#72&#97&#119&#97&#105&#105 &#55&#57&#13&#10&#55&#46&#50 Mycophilia in Central and South America 82 7.3 Australia's Mycoflora Attracts <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/mushroonsthatgrowincowcompost.asp" title="Mushroonsthatgrowincowcompost" alt="Mushroonsthatgrowincowcompost" >Mushroonsthatgrowincowcompost</a> &#65&#116&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#56&#52&#13&#10&#55&#46&#52 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 &#67&#117&#115&#116&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#110&#100 Conventions &#56&#55&#13&#10&#55&#46&#53 &#74&#97&#112&#97&#110&#101&#115&#101 &#69&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#109&#101&#110&#116&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#57&#51&#13&#10&#55&#46&#54 Intoxications and the &#79&#108&#100&#101&#115&#116 &#75&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#67&#117&#108&#116 in Africa 95 7.7 Usage in Southeast Asia &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104 &#80&#97&#99&#105&#102&#105&#99 Islands &#57&#56&#13&#10&#56&#46 &#83&#111&#109&#101 &#67&#111&#109&#109&#101&#110&#116&#115 &#111&#110 &#69&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115 &#111&#102 Mushrooms from the Category Phantastika 102 9. Psychotherapy 108 10. Outlook 114 11.<br> Bibliography 120 Index 129 Figure 2 &#45 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 Australia Figure 3 - Water color &#112&#97&#105&#110&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#102 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 &#115&#117&#98&#98&#97&#108&#116&#101&#97&#116&#117&#115 (Germany, 1927). Figure &#52 &#45 &#70&#114&#101&#115&#104 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 &#115&#117&#98&#98&#97&#108&#116&#101&#97&#116&#117&#115 mushrooms. FOREWORD Nobody &#107&#110&#111&#119&#115 &#112&#114&#101&#99&#105&#115&#101&#108&#121 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 first magic mushroom emerged from the shadows &#111&#102&#13&#10&#112&#114&#101&#104&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#121 &#116&#111 &#101&#110&#116&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#101 light of consciousness.<br> Nobody knows when the first magic mushroom was eaten by a &#104&#117&#109&#97&#110 &#98&#101&#105&#110&#103&#46 &#78&#111&#98&#111&#100&#121 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#115&#13&#10&#106&#117&#115&#116 who &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 eater was. In seeking answers to these questions, we can only speculate.<br> Mycophobes, &#104&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 &#97&#114&#101 &#113&#117&#105&#99&#107 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#118&#111&#105&#99&#101 their conviction &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#111&#110&#108&#121 &#97 &#102&#111&#111&#108 &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 be reckless &#101&#110&#111&#117&#103&#104 &#116&#111 &#119&#97&#110&#116 &#116&#111 attain a higher &#115&#116&#97&#116&#101&#13&#10&#111&#102 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115 &#98&#101&#121&#111&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 boundaries of everyday reality. &#65&#110&#100 &#111&#110&#108&#121 &#97 &#102&#111&#111&#108 would attempt to <i> caerulipes</i> do this by ingesting those odd little &#116&#104&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#109&#121&#115&#116&#101&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#114&#105&#118&#101 &#111&#110 decaying, humid soil, rotten wood and &#109&#97&#108&#111&#100&#111&#114&#111&#117&#115 &#109&#111&#117&#110&#100&#115 &#111&#102 &#99&#111&#119&#13&#10&#109&#97&#110&#117&#114&#101&#46&#13&#10&#72&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#105&#99&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 magic, mushrooms have been &#102&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#97&#110&#100 &#104&#97&#116&#101&#100&#96 &#115&#105&#110&#99&#101 antiquity: magic mushrooms were thought to be made from poisons that had dripped from serpents' fangs; they were &#99&#111&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#98&#101 &#117&#110&#99&#108&#101&#97&#110 emissions of evil &#115&#112&#105&#114&#105&#116&#115&#59 &#109&#111&#114&#101&#111&#118&#101&#114&#44 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 a kn </div> <p align="right"> The majority of &#97&#100&#118&#101&#114&#115&#101 &#112&#104&#121&#115&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115 &#111&#114 negative psychological reactions produced by "magic mushrooms" generally &#114&#101&#115&#117&#108&#116 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#105&#110&#97&#112&#112&#114&#111&#112&#114&#105&#97&#116&#101 &#115&#101&#116 &#97&#110&#100 <b> finding shrooms in cow shit</b> expectation, or because of &#105&#109&#112&#114&#111&#112&#101&#114 &#100&#111&#115&#97&#103&#101&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#109&#97&#121 vary considerably among consumers, different mushroom <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/guide/" title="Guide" alt="Guide" >Guide</a> &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 &#111&#114 &#101&#118&#101&#110 &#119&#105&#116&#104&#105&#110 an individual &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#113&#117&#101&#115&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 dosage &#105&#115 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#99&#111&#110&#102&#117&#115&#101&#100 &#98&#121 the variation in the &#115&#111&#117&#114&#99&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99 mushroom &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#105&#115 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#117&#109&#101&#100&#46 For example, Psilocybe cubensis, when picked and eaten from its natural dung (manure) habitat, produces a relatively mild mindaltering experience, which &#105&#115 &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 large amounts of fresh &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#109&#101&#110&#115 &#110&#101&#101&#100&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#97&#99&#104&#105&#101&#118&#101 a threshold experience.<br> However &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 &#118&#105&#116&#114&#111 &#40&#105&#110&#100&#111&#111&#114 laboratory cultivation and/or illicit &#99&#117&#108&#116&#105&#118&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#41&#44 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#97&#112&#112&#97&#114&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121 &#99&#97&#110 &#112&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#101 a more &#112&#111&#116&#101&#110&#116 &#115&#116&#114&#97&#105&#110 &#99&#97&#112&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#111&#102 &#105&#110&#100&#117&#99&#105&#110&#103 &#97 very intense visual, sometimes quite disturbing, experience.<br> This dosage assumes &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#117&#109&#112&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 1 to 3 &#103&#109 &#111&#102 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/mushrocksgrowkit.asp" title="Mushrocksgrowkit" alt="Mushrocksgrowkit" >Mushrocksgrowkit</a> &#100&#114&#105&#101&#100 &#109&#97&#116&#101&#114&#105&#97&#108 &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 be too &#108&#111&#119 &#105&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 specimen came from a &#119&#105&#108&#100 &#115&#111&#117&#114&#99&#101&#46 &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#108&#111&#119 potency for Psilocybe cubensis has been confirmed by research scientists Margot & Watling, (1981), who were surprised by the comparatively &#115&#109&#97&#108&#108 &#97&#109&#111&#117&#110&#116&#115 &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 and psilocin which they extracted from wild specimens collected &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#102&#105&#118&#101 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 in Australia. This suggests that &#97 &#109&#117&#99&#104 &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101&#114 &#100&#111&#115&#101 would be &#114&#101&#113&#117&#105&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#112&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#101 &#115&#105&#103&#110&#105&#102&#105&#99&#97&#110&#116 hallucinations. It is possible that the &#99&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97&#108&#115 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121 &#100&#101&#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#116&#101&#100 between the time that they were &#104&#97&#114&#118&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#116&#105&#109&#101 &#111&#102 &#97&#110&#97&#108&#121&#115&#105&#115&#46 However, it should be noted that a strain of Psilocybe cubensis producing different flushes (harvests) will vary somewhat in potency &#98&#101&#116&#119&#101&#101&#110 &#102&#108&#117&#115&#104&#101&#115&#46 </p> <div align="justify"> The Mazatec Indians, who have a long tradition <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/hunting+for+shrooms.asp" title="FOR SHROOMS SHROOMS" alt="FOR SHROOMS SHROOMS" >FOR SHROOMS SHROOMS</a> of using the mushrooms, inhabit a &#114&#97&#110&#103&#101 &#111&#102 &#109&#111&#117&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115 &#99&#97&#108&#108&#101&#100 the &#83&#105&#101&#114&#114&#97 &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#101&#99&#97 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 northeastern corner &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#77&#101&#120&#105&#99&#97&#110 &#115&#116&#97&#116&#101 of Oaxaca. &#84&#104&#101 &#115&#104&#97&#109&#97&#110&#115 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#105&#115 essay are all natives &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#116&#111&#119&#110 &#111&#102 Huautla de Jimenez.<br> Properly &#115&#112&#101&#97&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#114&#101 &#72&#117&#97&#117&#116&#101&#99&#97&#110&#115&#59 but since the language they &#115&#112&#101&#97&#107 &#104&#97&#115 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#99&#97&#108&#108&#101&#100 Mazatec &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 referred to &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#114&#101&#118&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#97&#110&#116&#104&#114&#111&#112&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108 literature &#97&#115 &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#101&#99&#115&#44 &#73 &#104&#97&#118&#101 retained that &#110&#97&#109&#101&#44 &#116&#104&#111&#117&#103&#104 &#115&#116&#114&#105&#99&#116&#108&#121 &#115&#112&#101&#97&#107&#105&#110&#103&#44 Mazatecs are the inhabitants of &#116&#104&#101 &#118&#105&#108&#108&#97&#103&#101 &#111&#102 &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#108&#97&#110 in the &#115&#97&#109&#101 &#109&#111&#117&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#46 </div> &#65&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#115&#97&#121&#44 ʼTis <H2> panaeolus subbalteatus spore print</H2> the season to &#98&#101 &#112&#105&#99&#107&#105&#110&#103&#700&#44 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/nutrient+requirements+Psilocybe.asp" title="Nutrient Requirements Psilocybe" alt="Nutrient Requirements Psilocybe" >Nutrient Requirements Psilocybe</a> &#98&#117&#116 &#109&#97&#107&#101 As they say, ʼTis the season to be pickingʼ, but make <p align="left"> e creek on &#119&#111&#111&#100 &#99&#104&#105&#112&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#67&#97&#114&#112&#105&#110&#117&#115&#44 &#65&#108&#110&#117&#115 and Salix, on raw compost mixtures of Picea, &#80&#105&#110&#117&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#76&#97&#114&#105&#120 &#110&#101&#101&#100&#108&#101&#115&#44&#13&#10&#97&#115&#13&#10&#83&#101&#112&#116&#46 Oct. &#78&#111&#118&#46 &#68&#101&#99&#46 &#74&#97&#110&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#50&#49 - Fruiting curve of Psilocybe cyanescens based on observations at several locations in the former Czechoslovakia. The &#109&#121&#99&#101&#108&#105&#97 &#109&#97&#107&#101 &#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116 kinds of plant debris and even grow on wet cardboard, where &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#100&#101&#118&#101&#108&#111&#112 &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#114&#104&#105&#122&#111&#109&#111&#114&#112&#104&#115 just &#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101&#121 &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#105&#110 &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101&#46 Rhizomorphs are thick strands of mycelia that serve to transport nutrients and water. They also &#100&#101&#118&#101&#108&#111&#112 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#110&#115&#101&#13&#10&#98&#108&#117&#101 &#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115 &#40&#115&#101&#101 Figure 22). Figure 23 Distribution pattern &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#105&#110 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121 and adjacent areas (according to Krieglsteiner). Locations are indicated by black dots. Figure 22 Psilocybe &#98&#111&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97&#13&#10&#114&#104&#105&#122&#111&#109&#111&#114&#112&#104&#115 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#110&#13&#10&#119&#101&#116 &#99&#97&#114&#100&#98&#111&#97&#114&#100&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 24 - &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#97&#116 &#97 natural location (USA).<br> Figure 25 - &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#98&#111&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97 &#111&#110 &#116&#119&#105&#103&#115 and leaves. Impressive Experiences Psilocybe bohemica is a very psychoactive species. Its effects are vividly documented in the following account of one natural &#115&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#115&#116&#39&#115&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#97&#115 &#112&#97&#114&#116 &#111&#102 controlled clinical &#116&#114&#105&#97&#108&#115 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#80&#114&#97&#103&#117&#101&#58&#13&#10&#65&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#51&#48 &#109&#103 of psilocybin in mushroom tissue was prepared &#105&#110 &#104&#111&#116 &#119&#97&#116&#101&#114&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 effects already noticeable &#116&#101&#110 &#109&#105&#110&#117&#116&#101&#115 &#97&#102&#116&#101&#114 &#105&#110&#103&#101&#115&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 I grew increasingly quiet. At first, my legs began to tingle, then my underarms as &#119&#101&#108&#108&#46 &#65&#115&#105&#100&#101 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#97&#13&#10&#100&#101&#101&#112&#101&#114 breathing rhythm, few other somatic effects were noted. Initially &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#102&#105&#116&#115 &#111&#102 laughter caused by unusual cognitive associations; this laughter &#97&#108&#115&#111 &#97&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#116&#119&#111 "sober" guides. A growing hyperacuity interfered with the ability &#116&#111&#13&#10&#108&#105&#115&#116&#101&#110 &#116&#111 &#109&#117&#115&#105&#99&#44 &#115&#111 that Vivaldi's "Springtime" caused painful stabs &#105&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#114&#97&#105&#110&#46 &#73 compared the pain to that caused &#98&#121 &#97 &#34&#115&#97&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#107&#110&#105&#102&#101&#34&#46 The experimenters appeared bloated and yellow.<br>.<br>.<br> Existing bodily &#99&#104&#97&#114&#97&#99&#116&#101&#114&#105&#115&#116&#105&#99&#115&#44 &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#97&#115 &#116&#104&#105&#110&#110&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#104&#97&#105&#114 stimulated a person's illusionary transformation into a monk &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#111&#110&#115&#117&#114&#101&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#105&#114&#13&#10&#118&#111&#105&#99&#101&#115 &#97&#108&#115&#111 appeared reverent and, from a somewhat paranoid point of &#118&#105&#101&#119&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#103&#101&#110&#116&#108&#101&#109&#101&#110&#13&#10&#97&#116 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 seemed to be &#119&#111&#114&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#97 &#115&#119&#105&#116&#99&#104&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#116&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#116&#104&#97&#116&#44 for &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#114&#101&#97&#115&#111&#110&#115&#44 &#119&#97&#115 &#109&#121 enemy. &#65&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#97&#109&#101&#13&#10&#116&#105&#109&#101&#44 &#73 found both of them to be &#113&#117&#105&#116&#101 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#97&#98&#108&#101&#46&#13&#10&#68&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#116&#105&#109&#101 period, the other female &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#13&#10&#112&#101&#114&#99&#101&#105&#118&#101&#100 &#102&#97&#110&#116&#97&#115&#116&#105&#99 &#105&#109&#97&#103&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#109&#111&#118&#105&#110&#103 colors and saw visions &#111&#102 &#104&#101&#114 &#119&#104&#111&#108&#101 &#108&#105&#102&#101 unfolding behind closed eyes. During this period, I had &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#105&#115&#116&#105&#110&#99&#116&#13&#10&#105&#109&#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#105&#111&#110 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magic+mushroom+picking+wales.asp" title="Magic Mushroom Picking Wales" alt="Magic Mushroom Picking Wales" >Magic Mushroom Picking Wales</a> &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#97&#110 &#101&#108&#101&#99&#116&#114&#105&#99&#97&#108 current was &#102&#108&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#116&#104&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104 &#109&#121 &#98&#111&#100&#121&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#119&#97&#115 not &#97&#110 &#117&#110&#99&#111&#109&#102&#111&#114&#116&#97&#98&#108&#101&#13&#10&#115&#101&#110&#115&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 &#65&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#114&#101&#101 hours &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#103&#101&#110&#116&#108&#101&#109&#101&#110&#13&#10&#114&#101&#116&#105&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#111 the kitchen and the &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#99&#104&#97&#110&#103&#101&#100 quite drastically. At &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#73 &#102&#101&#108&#116 &#97&#115 if my legs were increasingly merging &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#97&#108&#108&#44 &#97 very comfortable experience.<br> In a state &#111&#102 &#117&#116&#116&#101&#114 &#99&#108&#97&#114&#105&#116&#121 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#44 I &#102&#105&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#102&#101&#108&#116 &#97&#115 &#105&#102 I had no body at all. I said. &#34&#84&#104&#101 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#112&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#101&#120&#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#115 the experience of a pure soul".<br> Using words as triggers, we were <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magicmushroomindentifiionnz.asp" title="Magicmushroomindentifiionnz" alt="Magicmushroomindentifiionnz" >Magicmushroomindentifiionnz</a> able to induce &#115&#104&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#111 </p> More than half of Australia's beef cattle can be found in the coastal areas of Queensland Existing evidence indicates that man in the Old World —Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia—has made less use of native plants and shrubs for their hallucinogenic properties than has man in the New World. There is little reason to believe that the vegetation of one half of the globe is poorer or richer in species with hallucinogenic properties than the other half. Why, then, should there be such disparity? Has man in the Old World simply not discovered many of the native hallucinogenic plants? Are some of them too toxic in other ways to be utilized? Or has man in the Old World been culturally less interested in narcotics? We have no real answer. But we do know that the Old World has fewer known species employed hallucinogenically than does the New World: compared with only 15 or 20 species used in the Eastern Hemisphere, the species used hallucinogenically in the Western Hemisphere number more than 100! Yet some of the Old World hallucinogens today hold places of primacy throughout the world. Cannabis, undoubtedly the most widespread of all the hallucinogens, is perhaps the best example. The several solanaceous ingredients of medieval witches' brews—henbane, nightshade, belladonna, and mandrake—greatly influenced European philosophy, medicine, and even history for many years. Some played an extraordinarily vital religious role in the early Aryan cultures of northern India. The role of hallucinogens in the cultural and social development of many areas of the Old World is only now being investigated. At every turn, its exte The majority of adverse physical effects or negative psychological reactions produced by "magic mushrooms" generally result from inappropriate set and expectation, or because of improper dosage, which may vary considerably among consumers, different mushroom species, or even within an individual species. The question of dosage is often confused by the variation in the source of the hallucinogenic mushroom species which is consumed. For example, Psilocybe cubensis, when picked and eaten from its natural dung (manure) habitat, produces a relatively mild mindaltering experience, which is evident from the large amounts of fresh specimens needed to achieve a threshold experience. However when grown in vitro (indoor laboratory cultivation and/or illicit cultivation), Psilocybe cubensis apparently can produce a more potent strain capable of inducing a very intense visual, sometimes quite disturbing, experience. This dosage assumes that the consumption of 1 to 3 gm of dried material would be too low if the mushroom specimen came from a wild source. This low potency for Psilocybe cubensis has been confirmed by research scientists Margot & Watling, (1981), who were surprised by the comparatively small amounts of psilocybin and psilocin which they extracted from wild specimens collected from five different locations in Australia. This suggests that a much larger dose would be required to produce significant hallucinations. It is possible that the chemicals most likely degenerated between the time that they were harvested and the time of analysis. However, it should be noted that a strain of Psilocybe cubensis producing different flushes (harvests) will vary somewhat in potency between flushes. There are more than 1 dozen species of "magic mushrooms" in Australia and New Existing evidence indicates that man in the Old World —Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia—has made less use of native plants and shrubs for their hallucinogenic properties than has man in the New World. There is little reason to believe that the vegetation of one half of the globe is poorer or richer in species with hallucinogenic properties than the other half. Why, then, should there be such disparity? Has man in the Old World simply not discovered many of the native hallucinogenic plants? Are some of them too toxic in other ways to be utilized? Or has man in the Old World been culturally less interested in narcotics? We have no real answer. But we do know that the Old World has fewer known species employed hallucinogenically than does the New World: compared with only 15 or 20 species used in the Eastern Hemisphere, the species used hallucinogenically in the Western Hemisphere number more than 100! Yet some of the Old World hallucinogens today hold places of primacy throughout the world. Cannabis, undoubtedly the most widespread of all the hallucinogens, is perhaps the best example. The several solanaceous ingredients of medieval witches' brews—henbane, nightshade, belladonna, and mandrake—greatly influenced European philosophy, medicine, and even history for many years. Some played an extraordinarily vital religious role in the early Aryan cultures of northern India. The role of hallucinogens in the cultural and social development of many areas of the Old World is only now being investigated. At every turn, its exte <p align="center"> Those <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magicmushroomcowshitmethod.asp" title="Magicmushroomcowshitmethod" alt="Magicmushroomcowshitmethod" >Magicmushroomcowshitmethod</a> who ingest <H1>grow kits kits</H1> Copelandia &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115&#44 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 </p> a have been reported from the following countries: Finland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, The Netherlands, Belgium, France, Russia, Poland, the former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Scotland, England, Wales, Italy and Spain. Unfortunately, there are no comprehensive maps detailing the species's distribution pattern. Traditionally, mycologists have often neglected relatively tiny species, such as Psilocybe semilanceata, that tend to share their habitats with other, more prominent species. The sarcastic phrase "The mushrooms occur in abundance wherever mycologists abound" is particularly pertinent in reference to the Psilocybe species. Prior to the discovery of psilocybin, the Psilocybe genus languished in the literature, shrouded in obscurity. To this day, few 189. Psilocybe semilanceata Fr. Worthless] The cap is uniformly conic to bell-shaped, with a pointy or obtuse center forming an almost wart-like protrusion; initially, caps are often taller than they are wide, margins are bent and curved inward; later on, width of cap is 1.5-4 cm. Hygrophanous; coloration is a dirtyish olive-brown when wet, with translucent striate margins; at the center, coloration is ocher or greenish-yellow against an overall shade of smudgy pale yellow and oftentimes some greenish stains; only the margins are banded by a darkcolored, watery stripe around the edge. No stripes or banding evident when mushrooms are completely dried. Lacking a veil, caps are thin-fleshed, bald, with an easily separable pellicle that remains gelatinous-sticky for a long time, turning shiny when dry. Gills are olive brown to blackish purple brown in color, with the edges often remaining white, gill spacing is quite crowded; gill attachment is either roughly linear or mostly adnexed; up to 3.5 mm wide; attached at the stem only, fully detached later on. Spores are elongated to ellipitical in shape, smooth and large, measuring 12-16 u by 6-8,u. Color of spore dust is blackish purple brown. Stem is very slender, almost uniformly thin and always twisted, 6-12 cm long and 1.25-2 mm thick, yellowish or whitish in color; areas subjected to pressure develop bluishgreen stains. Stems are silky smooth and roughly at the center, cortinate fibrils appear like remnants of a veil, which is brittle and lined with a white fibrous cord of wool-like texture. When dry, the flesh of the cap is colored pale yellow, while the stem's flesh is ocher brown in color, especially towards the bottom. It is odorless and its flavor is mild. The mushroom grows from August to October, frequently in gregarious clusters, and can be found in pastures and along roadways, growing on dung that has undergone complete decomposition. It is not a particularly rare species. Figure 11(above) This excellent description of Psilocybe semilanceata by Michael & Schulz (1927) is shown here as originally published in German, with an English translation. Mycologists sp &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#102&#97&#109&#105&#108&#105&#97&#114&#105&#116&#121 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 mushrooms in Europe that is most likely &#100&#101&#114&#105&#118&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#117&#115&#97&#103&#101 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#115 and related &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 &#114&#97&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#97&#110&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#119&#105&#116&#104 Amanita muscaria. However, it is extremely difficult to reject &#111&#114 &#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#114&#109 &#116&#104&#105&#115&#13&#10&#104&#121&#112&#111&#116&#104&#101&#115&#105&#115&#44 &#100&#117&#101 to &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#97&#99&#107 &#111&#102 &#99&#111&#110&#99&#108&#117&#115&#105&#118&#101 data available for analysis today.<br> Bwyd Ellylon: A Feast &#111&#102 &#70&#97&#105&#114&#105&#101&#115 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#67&#101&#108&#101&#98&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 Spirit World Tales of ritualistic mushroom usage have found their way into the realm of myths and legends. For instance, one legend &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101&#115 &#97&#13&#10&#112&#101&#99&#117&#108&#105&#97&#114 &#112&#111&#105&#115&#111&#110&#111&#117&#115 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 in Wales &#40&#66&#114&#105&#116&#105&#115&#104&#13&#10&#73&#115&#108&#101&#115&#41 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#114&#97&#110&#103&#101 name of Bwyd &#69&#108&#108&#121&#108&#111&#110&#44&#13&#10&#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#119&#97&#115 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#97 delicacy by &#102&#97&#105&#114&#105&#101&#115 &#102&#101&#97&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#105&#110 mushroons that grow in cow compost &#99&#101&#108&#101&#98&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 the spirit world. Psilocybe semilanceata &#105&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#105&#109&#112&#111&#114&#116&#97&#110&#116 psilocybincontaining mushroom in Europe and it thrives in parts &#111&#102 &#71&#114&#101&#97&#116 &#66&#114&#105&#116&#97&#105&#110&#44 &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101 the mushroom grows abundantly all across the Welsh &#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#114&#121&#115&#105&#100&#101 &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#102&#97&#108&#108 &#115&#101&#97&#115&#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#73 &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 like to thank &#71&#46 &#83&#97&#109&#111&#114&#105&#110&#105 &#102&#111&#114&#13&#10&#112&#111&#105&#110&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 Inquisition was unusually cruel and &#118&#105&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#65&#108&#112&#105&#110&#101 valleys of Valcamonica, Valtrompia and Valtellina (located in the provinces of Brescia and Sandrio in Northern &#73&#116&#97&#108&#121&#41&#46 &#77&#97&#110&#121 &#98&#111&#111&#107&#115 &#99&#104&#114&#111&#110&#105&#99&#108&#101 countless witch burnings in that region, with particular emphasis on the witches' meetings &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#34&#77&#111&#110&#116&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#108 &#84&#111&#110&#97&#108&#101&#34&#44 located &#97&#116 &#97&#110 &#97&#108&#116&#105&#116&#117&#100&#101 &#111&#102 2000 m (ca. 6,000 &#102&#116&#41&#46 &#70&#105&#101&#108&#100 &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104 &#104&#97&#115 shown that plants of the nightshade family ("witching herbs") do not grow at this &#97&#108&#116&#105&#116&#117&#100&#101&#59 &#101&#118&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#108&#121 agaric &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#13&#10&#105&#115 &#114&#97&#114&#101&#108&#121 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101&#46 By contrast, pastures in the area abound with Psilocybe semilanceata during the fall. &#71&#105&#118&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#104&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#101&#120&#116&#44 it would seem likely that Psilocybe semilanceata played an &#105&#109&#112&#111&#114&#116&#97&#110&#116 &#114&#111&#108&#101 &#97&#115 &#97&#13&#10&#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 &#97&#103&#101&#110&#116 &#105&#110 the region (see Figure &#53&#56&#44&#13&#10&#67&#104&#97&#112&#116&#101&#114 &#55&#46&#52&#41&#46&#13&#10&#73&#110 &#108&#105&#103&#104&#116 &#111&#102 medieval accounts describing the &#112&#114&#97&#99&#116&#105&#99&#101 &#111&#102 &#119&#105&#116&#99&#104&#99&#114&#97&#102&#116&#44 &#105&#116 is interesting to note that a subjective sensation of flying or &#108&#101&#118&#105&#116&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#97&#109&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110&#108&#121 reported effects of psilocybin intoxication. Berserk Rage of &#78&#111&#114&#100&#105&#99 &#87&#97&#114&#114&#105&#111&#114&#115&#13&#10&#73&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#111&#117&#114&#115&#101 of the ideological power struggle between Christianity &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#114&#101&#109&#110&#97&#110&#116&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#112&#97&#103&#97&#110 religions that worshipped Nature, many sources of knowledge were lost. The aggressive repression and &#101&#114&#97&#100&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#112&#114&#101&#45&#67&#104&#114&#105&#115&#116&#105&#97&#110&#13&#10&#99&#117&#115&#116&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#108&#108 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magicmushroomscultivationcowmanure.asp" title="Magicmushroomscultivationcowmanure" alt="Magicmushroomscultivationcowmanure" >Magicmushroomscultivationcowmanure</a> but destroyed the continuity &#111&#102&#13&#10&#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#39&#115 &#111&#114&#105&#103&#105&#110&#97&#108 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108 &#104&#101&#114&#105&#116&#97&#103&#101&#44 along with much historic evidence &#100&#111&#99&#117&#109&#101&#110&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108&#13&#10&#112&#114&#97&#99&#116&#105&#99&#101&#115&#44 &#105&#110&#99&#108&#117&#100&#105&#110&#103 the &#117&#115&#97&#103&#101 &#111&#102 &#112&#108&#97&#110&#116&#115 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 for the purpose of temporary alterations of consciousness. Some &#97&#117&#116&#104&#111&#114&#115 &#119&#101&#110&#116 &#115&#111 &#102&#97&#114 as &#116&#111 &#98&#108&#97&#109&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#102&#108&#121 &#97&#103&#97&#114&#105&#99 mushroom for proverbial fits of &#34&#98&#101&#114&#115&#101&#114&#107&#13&#10&#114&#97&#103&#101&#34 &#97&#116&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#78&#111&#114&#100&#105&#99 warriors. Many accounts detailing this phenomenon allude to a "deception of the eyes" (i.e. visual hallucinations). After the Nordic &#108&#101&#103&#97&#108 &#115&#121&#115&#116&#101&#109 &#98&#97&#110&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 practice of "going berserk", it disappeared quite suddenly during the 12th century. At about &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#97&#109&#101 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#44&#13&#10&#83&#97&#120&#111 &#71&#114&#97&#109&#109&#97&#116&#105&#99&#117&#115 speculated that the Berserkers may have used mag CATTLE AS A POSSIBLE DISPERSAL MECHANISM FOR PSYCHOACTIVE DUNG FUNGI One may ask the question, "how did these mushrooms arrive in Australia and New Zealand?" Well some species may be endemic,that is, they were already there naturally. Other species such as the above described dung-inhabiting mushrooms most likelyappeared after the introduction of cattle on the subcontinent.The first livestock to arrive in Australia were brought from the Cape of Good Hope in1788, and included 2 bulls and 5 cows, along with other domesticated farm animals. Byl803, the government owned approximately 1800 cattle, most of which were importedfrom the Cape, Calcutta, and the west coast of America. It was during this period thatsome of the visionary mushrooms mentioned in this field guide probably first appeared inAustralia (Unsigned, 1973). According to Australian mycologist John Burton Cleland(1934), "fungi growing in cow or horse-dung and confined to such habitats, must in thecase of Australia, all belong to introduced species". It is believed to have been the SouthAfrican dung beetle which may have actually spread the spores. According to Englishmycologist Roy Watling of the Royal Botanic Gardens in Glasgow, Scotland, "it must beremembered that fungi can change substrate preferences and there are coprophilousfungi on kangaroo droppings etc." Some mycologists who have studied the "magicmushrooms" in Australia and NZ claim that the "use of P. cubensis as a recreational drugtends to confirm the belief that some] farmers in early times may have] added one or two basidiomes gilled mushrooms] to a mealto liven it up and still do] Margot & Watling, 1981)." <p align="justify"> &#101 &#99&#114&#101&#101&#107 &#111&#110 wood chips &#111&#102&#13&#10&#67&#97&#114&#112&#105&#110&#117&#115&#44 &#65&#108&#110&#117&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#83&#97&#108&#105&#120&#44 on &#114&#97&#119 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#111&#115&#116&#13&#10&#109&#105&#120&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#80&#105&#99&#101&#97&#44 Pinus and Larix needles, as Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Figure 21 - Fruiting curve &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#98&#97&#115&#101&#100 &#111&#110 observations at several locations &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#101&#114 &#67&#122&#101&#99&#104&#111&#115&#108&#111&#118&#97&#107&#105&#97&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 mycelia make use of &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116 &#107&#105&#110&#100&#115&#13&#10&#111&#102 &#112&#108&#97&#110&#116 &#100&#101&#98&#114&#105&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#101&#118&#101&#110 grow on wet cardboard, where they develop &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#114&#104&#105&#122&#111&#109&#111&#114&#112&#104&#115 &#106&#117&#115&#116 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101&#121 would in nature. &#82&#104&#105&#122&#111&#109&#111&#114&#112&#104&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#105&#99&#107&#13&#10&#115&#116&#114&#97&#110&#100&#115 &#111&#102 mycelia that serve to &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#112&#111&#114&#116&#13&#10&#110&#117&#116&#114&#105&#101&#110&#116&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#119&#97&#116&#101&#114&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#121 also develop intense blue stains (see Figure 22).<br> Figure 23 Distribution &#112&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114&#110 &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#105&#110 Germany &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#100&#106&#97&#99&#101&#110&#116 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115&#13&#10&#40&#97&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#75&#114&#105&#101&#103&#108&#115&#116&#101&#105&#110&#101&#114&#41&#46 &#76&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 are indicated by black dots. Figure 22 Psilocybe bohemica rhizomorphs growing on wet cardboard. Figure &#50&#52 &#45 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 at a natural location (USA). Figure 25 &#45 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#98&#111&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97 &#111&#110 twigs and leaves.<br> Impressive &#69&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#98&#111&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97 &#105&#115 &#97 very psychoactive species.<br> Its effects &#97&#114&#101 &#118&#105&#118&#105&#100&#108&#121 &#100&#111&#99&#117&#109&#101&#110&#116&#101&#100 &#105&#110 the following account of one natural &#115&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#115&#116&#39&#115&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#97&#115 &#112&#97&#114&#116 &#111&#102 controlled clinical &#116&#114&#105&#97&#108&#115 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#80&#114&#97&#103&#117&#101&#58&#13&#10&#65&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#51&#48 &#109&#103 &#111&#102 psilocybin in &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#13&#10&#116&#105&#115&#115&#117&#101 &#119&#97&#115 &#112&#114&#101&#112&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#105&#110 hot water, &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115&#13&#10&#97&#108&#114&#101&#97&#100&#121 &#110&#111&#116&#105&#99&#101&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#116&#101&#110 minutes after ingestion.<br> I grew &#105&#110&#99&#114&#101&#97&#115&#105&#110&#103&#108&#121 &#113&#117&#105&#101&#116&#46 &#65&#116 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116&#44 my legs began &#116&#111&#13&#10&#116&#105&#110&#103&#108&#101&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#110 &#109&#121 &#117&#110&#100&#101&#114&#97&#114&#109&#115 as well. Aside from a deeper breathing rhythm, &#102&#101&#119 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#115&#111&#109&#97&#116&#105&#99 &#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115&#13&#10&#119&#101&#114&#101 noted.<br> Initially there were fits of laughter caused by unusual cognitive associations; &#116&#104&#105&#115&#13&#10&#108&#97&#117&#103&#104&#116&#101&#114 &#97&#108&#115&#111 &#97&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#116&#119&#111 "sober" &#103&#117&#105&#100&#101&#115&#46 &#65&#13&#10&#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#104&#121&#112&#101&#114&#97&#99&#117&#105&#116&#121 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#102&#101&#114&#101&#100 with the ability to listen to music, so that &#86&#105&#118&#97&#108&#100&#105&#39&#115 &#34&#83&#112&#114&#105&#110&#103&#116&#105&#109&#101&#34&#13&#10&#99&#97&#117&#115&#101&#100 &#112&#97&#105&#110&#102&#117&#108 &#115&#116&#97&#98&#115 inside the &#98&#114&#97&#105&#110&#46 &#73 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#97&#114&#101&#100&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#112&#97&#105&#110 to that caused by &#97 &#34&#115&#97&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#107&#110&#105&#102&#101&#34&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#109&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#115 appeared bloated &#97&#110&#100 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#46&#46&#46&#13&#10&#69&#120&#105&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#98&#111&#100&#105&#108&#121 &#99&#104&#97&#114&#97&#99&#116&#101&#114&#105&#115&#116&#105&#99&#115&#44 such as thinning hair stimulated a person's illusionary transformation into &#97 &#109&#111&#110&#107 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#111&#110&#115&#117&#114&#101&#46 Their voices also appeared &#114&#101&#118&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116 &#97&#110&#100&#44 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#97&#13&#10&#115&#111&#109&#101&#119&#104&#97&#116 paranoid point of view, these gentlemen at times seemed to be &#119&#111&#114&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#97 &#115&#119&#105&#116&#99&#104&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#116&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#116&#104&#97&#116&#44 &#102&#111&#114 some reasons, was &#109&#121 &#101&#110&#101&#109&#121&#46 &#65&#116 &#116&#104&#101 same time, I found both of &#116&#104&#101&#109 &#116&#111 &#98&#101 &#113&#117&#105&#116&#101 likeable.<br> During this time period, the &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#102&#101&#109&#97&#108&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#13&#10&#112&#101&#114&#99&#101&#105&#118&#101&#100 &#102&#97&#110&#116&#97&#115&#116&#105&#99 images of moving colors and saw &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#102 &#104&#101&#114 &#119&#104&#111&#108&#101 &#108&#105&#102&#101 unfolding behind closed &#101&#121&#101&#115&#46 &#68&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#112&#101&#114&#105&#111&#100&#44 I had the distinct impression that an electrical current was flowing through my body, which was not an uncomfortable sensation. About three hours later, the gentlemen retired to the kitchen and &#116&#104&#101 &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101 changed quite drastically. At first I felt as if &#109&#121 &#108&#101&#103&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#105&#110&#99&#114&#101&#97&#115&#105&#110&#103&#108&#121&#13&#10&#109&#101&#114&#103&#105&#110&#103 into the wall, &#97 &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#99&#111&#109&#102&#111&#114&#116&#97&#98&#108&#101&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#46 &#73&#110 a state of <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magic/" title="Magic" alt="Magic" >Magic</a> utter clarity of consciousness, I finally &#102&#101&#108&#116 &#97&#115 &#105&#102 &#73 had no body at &#97&#108&#108&#46&#13&#10&#73 &#115&#97&#105&#100&#46 &#34&#84&#104&#101 &#109&#111&#115&#116 descriptive expression is the experience &#111&#102 &#97 &#112&#117&#114&#101 &#115&#111&#117&#108&#34&#46 Using words as triggers, we were &#97&#98&#108&#101 &#116&#111 &#105&#110&#100&#117&#99&#101 &#115&#104&#97&#114&#101&#100 experiences o </p> &#101&#100&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101 &#110&#117&#109&#98&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#102 studies &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#110&#100&#117&#99&#116&#101&#100&#44&#13&#10&#112&#114&#105&#109&#97&#114&#105&#108&#121 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#76&#83&#68&#46 These &#105&#110&#118&#101&#115&#116&#105&#103&#97&#116&#111&#114&#115 &#115&#111&#117&#103&#104&#116 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#101 receptor binding sites for hallucinogenic compounds in the brain and to understand the mechanisms underlying the genesis of psychedelic visions. Today, &#119&#101 &#115&#116&#105&#108&#108&#13&#10&#108&#97&#99&#107 &#97 &#115&#111&#117&#110&#100 theoretical framework able to explain &#116&#104&#101 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#104&#105&#112 &#98&#101&#116&#119&#101&#101&#110 &#99&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97&#108&#13&#10&#99&#111&#109&#112&#111&#117&#110&#100&#115 and the &#109&#97&#110&#105&#102&#101&#115&#116&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114&#13&#10&#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#69&#118&#101&#110 though basic research &#105&#115&#13&#10&#99&#101&#114&#116&#97&#105&#110&#108&#121 &#105&#109&#112&#111&#114&#116&#97&#110&#116&#44 &#105&#116&#115 &#109&#101&#116&#104&#111&#100&#115&#44 unfortunately, are often a function &#111&#102 &#97 &#114&#97&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#111&#110&#101&#45&#115&#105&#100&#101&#100&#13&#10&#112&#104&#97&#114&#109&#97&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108 approach to &#105&#110&#118&#101&#115&#116&#105&#103&#97&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115 &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#44 LSD and &#109&#101&#115&#99&#97&#108&#105&#110&#101 &#45 &#97&#110&#13&#10&#97&#112&#112&#114&#111&#97&#99&#104 &#116&#104&#97&#116 is, in fact, too narrow to address the remarkably unusual nature of these substances &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115&#46&#13&#10&#77&#105&#115&#117&#110&#100&#101&#114&#115&#116&#97&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#98&#101&#116&#119&#101&#101&#110 &#112&#104&#97&#114&#109&#97&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 toxicologists &#111&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#111&#110&#101 &#104&#97&#110&#100 and psychiatrists and psychologists on the other can often &#98&#101 &#116&#114&#97&#99&#101&#100 &#97&#108&#108 &#116&#104&#101 way &#98&#97&#99&#107 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#49&#57&#53&#48&#39&#115&#44&#13&#10&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#110&#103 a legacy of disputes and &#97&#114&#103&#117&#109&#101&#110&#116&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#104&#97&#118&#101 &#121&#101&#116 &#116&#111 be resolved. S. Grof undertook the tedious &#116&#97&#115&#107 &#111&#102 &#97&#110&#97&#108&#121&#122&#105&#110&#103 &#53&#44&#48&#48&#48 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#109&#101&#110&#116&#97&#108 LSD protocols in an effort to isolate "absolute" symptoms that are reported or &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114 &#97&#108&#108 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#116&#105&#109&#101&#46 His results were negative.<br> According to Grof, hallucinogenic substances are non-specific triggers causing a sequence of &#97&#108&#116&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#115&#116&#97&#116&#101&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#100&#111 not fit <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/hallucinogenic+shrooms.asp" title="Hallucinogenic Shrooms" alt="Hallucinogenic Shrooms" >Hallucinogenic Shrooms</a> the syndrome labeled "toxic psychosis". Rather, it is the individual's personality, along with the experimental setting that significantly shape the nature of the psychedelic experience.<br> This view is shared by a majority of experts with considerable experience in conducting psychedelics-assisted psychotherapy. Even "real" somatic symptoms, such as nausea &#111&#114 &#118&#111&#109&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103&#44 &#99&#97&#110 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 be &#99&#111&#110&#116&#114&#111&#108&#108&#101&#100&#13&#10&#116&#104&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#118&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#116&#101&#99&#104&#110&#105&#113&#117&#101&#115&#13&#10&#97&#100&#109&#105&#110&#105&#115&#116&#101&#114&#101&#100 by &#116&#114&#97&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#112&#114&#111&#102&#101&#115&#115&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108&#115&#46&#13&#10&#65 &#80&#108&#101&#116&#104&#111&#114&#97 &#111&#102 Names The broad &#114&#97&#110&#103&#101 &#111&#102 &#112&#111&#115&#115&#105&#98&#108&#101 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115&#13&#10&#105&#110&#115&#112&#105&#114&#101&#100 the use of labels other than "hallucinogens", &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#108&#121 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#101&#109&#97&#110&#116&#105&#99&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#110&#111&#116&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#58 entheogens, psychedelics, illusionogens, &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#108&#121&#116&#105&#99&#115&#44 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#109&#105&#109&#101&#116&#105&#99&#115&#44&#13&#10&#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#100&#121&#115&#108&#101&#112&#116&#105&#99&#97&#44 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#101&#109&#101&#116&#105&#99&#115 &#97&#110&#100 others. "Phantastica" (Lewin) is the oldest label ever &#117&#115&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101 &#116&#104&#105&#115 class of substances. This term successfully evokes dream-like, fanciful aspects of the &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#44 &#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#97&#115 the potential for euphoric &#97&#110&#100 &#100&#121&#115&#112&#104&#111&#114&#105&#99 &#101&#109&#111&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#111&#118&#101&#114&#116&#111&#110&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#77&#111&#114&#101 recent terminology often says more about semantic &#98&#105&#97&#115&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#119&#104&#111 use the labels &#116&#104&#97&#110&#13&#10&#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#97&#110&#121 &#102&#97&#99&#116&#117&#97&#108&#44 &#111&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 characteristics &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#97&#108&#107&#97&#108&#111&#105&#100&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#114&#101&#102&#101&#114 to. Accordingly, official antidrug propaganda &#115&#105&#110&#99&#101&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#49&#57&#54&#48&#39&#115 &#104&#97&#115 &#100&#105&#115&#112&#97&#114&#97&#103&#101&#100 &#34&#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#101&#100&#101&#108&#105&#99&#115&#34 as excessively glamorous &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#111&#111 &#112&#111&#115&#105&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#97 label, as the term was &#112&#111&#112&#117&#108&#97&#114 &#97&#109&#111&#110&#103 &#84&#105&#109&#111&#116&#104&#121 &#76&#101&#97&#114&#121&#39&#115 fans and supporters. When used in low doses &#111&#114 &#102&#111&#114 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116&#13&#10&#116&#105&#109&#101&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101&#115 are most likely to bring about a kind of magical transformation of surroundings, with a heightened ability to perceive subtle &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114 spectru <div align="center"> More than half of Australia's beef cattle can be found in the coastal areas of Queensland and New &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104 &#87&#97&#108&#101&#115&#59 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 20 to &#51&#48 &#105&#110&#99&#104 &#40&#53&#48&#48&#45&#55&#53&#48&#109&#109&#41 &#114&#97&#105&#110&#102&#97&#108&#108 belt of Queensland, New South &#87&#97&#108&#101&#115 Finding Shrooms In Cow Shit &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#111&#114&#116&#104&#101&#114&#110 &#86&#105&#99&#116&#111&#114&#105&#97&#44 &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#108&#108&#121 provide adequate climatic environments &#102&#111&#114 &#116&#104&#101 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#116&#104 &#111&#102 psilocybian mushrooms, &#101&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#97&#102&#116&#101&#114 &#104&#101&#97&#118&#121 &#114&#97&#105&#110&#115&#46 It has been suggested &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#34&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#119&#97&#115 introduced into &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#99&#99&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#98&#121 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 settlers along with www.magicgrowingmushrooms.com their livestock." This same spore dispersal &#109&#101&#99&#104&#97&#110&#105&#115&#109 &#97&#108&#115&#111 &#112&#114&#111&#98&#97&#98&#108&#121 &#97&#112&#112&#108&#105&#101&#115 to Copelandia cyanescens, Panaeolus &#115&#117&#98&#98&#97&#108&#116&#101&#97&#116&#117&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#97&#100&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 species known &#116&#111 &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114 &#105&#110 &#111&#114 around the dung of other ruminants. This &#105&#110&#99&#108&#117&#100&#101&#115 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#97&#110&#100 the non-hallucinogenic "haymaker's" &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#105&#110&#97 &#102&#111&#101&#110&#105&#115&#101&#99&#105&#105&#46 &#87&#104&#105&#108&#101 cattle are raised in all Australian states, as well as in the central lowlands, recreational users have been known to export these &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#112&#116&#105&#99 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#116&#111 &#118&#97&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115 areas in Australia from &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#108&#108&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100&#46 &#73&#110 the case of &#78&#101&#119 &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#104&#101&#114&#101&#97&#102&#116&#101&#114 &#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#114&#101&#100 to as NZ, cattle are <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/buy+magic+mushroom+online.asp" title="Buy Magic Mushroom Online" alt="Buy Magic Mushroom Online" >Buy Magic Mushroom Online</a> the &#112&#114&#105&#109&#97&#114&#121 &#115&#111&#117&#114&#99&#101 &#102&#111&#114 &#67&#111&#112&#101&#108&#97&#110&#100&#105&#97 cyanescens, but &#116&#104&#101 &#34&#108&#105&#98&#101&#114&#116&#121 &#99&#97&#112&#34 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 Psilocybe semilanceata only grows in the manured soil of four-legged ruminants and &#110&#111&#116 &#100&#105&#114&#101&#99&#116&#108&#121 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#109&#97&#110&#117&#114&#101 &#40&#74&#97&#110&#115&#101&#110&#44 Pers. Comm.<br>, 1988). The identification section of this guide documents &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#102&#111&#114 &#109&#111&#114&#101 than &#49 &#100&#111&#122&#101&#110 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#97&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 in Australia and NZ which most likely have <H3> Finding Shrooms In Cow Shit</H3> been used at one &#116&#105&#109&#101 &#111&#114 &#97&#110&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#102&#111&#114 &#114&#101&#99&#114&#101&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 purposes. </div> , and who gorge themselves on our tax dollars. I met Jochen Gartz shortly after the fall of the Berlin Wall at the third symposium of the European College for the Study of Consciousness (ECSC) in Freiburg, Germany. Our encounter was my first contact with a researcher from the former East Germany. Jochen Gartz's enthusiastic lecture was a truly consciousnessexpanding event, his words breaking down traditional borders and crossing over into new territory. The magic mushrooms spoke through him - with no trace of dogma or ideology - in the tradition of true anarchy that is the hallmark of mushroom magic. What I heard was unbelievable. Jochen spoke of a "new" psychedelic mushroom and its migration. The mycelia had spread in concentric circles outward from Leipzig, jumping all political borders. Finally, when the mycelia reached West German soil, the hated Berlin Wall crumbled. Could there possibly be a connection between the evolution of the magic mushroom and the evolution of our consciousness? Could a mushroom have contributed to the resolution of our political conflicts? In the past, politicians, even popes, had their own jesters and magicians, who functioned as pressure release valves in the machinations of political power struggles. It is obvious that a country whose chancellor is being pelted with eggs, urgently needs a new breed of magician who are able to readjust reality. But today, no aspiring magician should go about this task without this book as a guide for the wondrous journey into the realm of magic mushrooms. Christian Rdtsch Figure 5 - "Anthropomorphic Beings Engaged in Mushroom Dance" 10,000-year-old rock drawing in Tassili, Sahara (Algeria) CHAPTER 1 I BELIEVE THE TIME HAS COME FOR A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF NEW FINDINGS FROM THE FIELDS OF MYCOLOGY, TAXONOMY AND NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY When R.G. Wasson, R. Heim and A. Hofmann began their interdisciplinary research program to study the Mexican species of mushrooms and their usage in Mexican mushroom cults, their efforts culminated in a 1958 landmark report that described the isolation, molecular structure and synthesis of the mushrooms' active ingredients: psilocybin and psilocin. Several years later, these substances were also identified in a species of mushroom in Europe, Psilocybe semilanceata, which became the first in a series of newly discovered species. Since then, psychoactive mushrooms from other genera have been reported with increasing frequency. As part of my analytical work dedicated to the identification of naturally occurring chemicals, I had the good fortune to be part of a research team that studied alkaloids found in a variety of mushroom species. Now I believe the time has come for a comprehensive review of new findings from the fields of mycology, taxonomy and natural products chemistry. Wasson and his successors have already provided detailed accounts pertaining to the history and study of the Me </p> <h1 id="cross-browser"> kansas psilocybe @ 7/30/2010 5:48:52 PM</h1> <p></p> <h1 id="stylesheets">Blue Shrooms Shrooms</h1> <p><p align="center"> ure of Psilocybe semilanceata (with sclerotia formation). Figure &#52&#56 &#45 &#73&#110&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#97&#101&#114&#117&#103&#105&#110&#97&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 on grassy soil Figure 49 - Psilocybe cubensis on horse manure &#97&#110&#100 &#114&#105&#99&#101&#46&#13&#10&#112&#111&#114&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#102 &#109&#121&#99&#101&#108&#105&#97 whose texture is somewhat like wool. The kind of viruses known to appear &#105&#110&#13&#10&#99&#104&#97&#109&#112&#105&#103&#110&#111&#110 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#45 &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101 they have already caused a lot of &#100&#97&#109&#97&#103&#101 &#45 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#115&#111 far not been found &#105&#110 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 Psilocybe and Panaeolus species. It is safe &#116&#111 &#115&#97&#121 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#119&#101 currently know a great deal about the &#110&#117&#116&#114&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#114&#101&#113&#117&#105&#114&#101&#109&#101&#110&#116&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115&#46 &#84&#111 &#97 lesser extent, such information is available about other species &#97&#115&#13&#10&#119&#101&#108&#108&#46 &#65&#114&#109&#101&#100 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#105&#115 knowledge, future researchers may well discover &#110&#101&#119 &#105&#110&#115&#105&#103&#104&#116&#115 &#105&#110&#116&#111&#13&#10&#112&#104&#121&#115&#105&#111&#108&#111&#103&#121 &#111&#102 these species, as well as &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#98&#105&#111&#99&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#99&#104&#97&#110&#103&#101&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114 during fruiting. In my experiments, it has &#97&#108&#114&#101&#97&#100&#121 &#98&#101&#101&#110&#13&#10&#101&#115&#116&#97&#98&#108&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 process of differentiation whereby mycelia &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#102&#111&#114&#109&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#115&#99&#108&#101&#114&#111&#116&#105&#97 or fruiting bodies is linked to increased &#112&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#111&#102 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 &#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108 as psilocin, especially &#105&#110&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115&#46&#13&#10&#68&#117&#101 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 relatively complex methodology and the type of equipment needed to isolate and maintain sterile cultures, it appears unlikely that cultivation of &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#98&#121 &#108&#97&#121&#112&#101&#114&#115&#111&#110&#115 will significantly heighten the mushroom's &#112&#111&#112&#117&#108&#97&#114&#105&#116&#121 &#111&#114 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#110 &#105&#116&#115&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101&#97 of distribution &#97&#110&#121&#116&#105&#109&#101 &#115&#111&#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#72&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 &#115&#105&#110&#99&#101 &#116&#104&#101 early <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/drawings+of+magic+mushrooms.asp" title="Drawings Of Magic Mushrooms" alt="Drawings Of Magic Mushrooms" >Drawings Of Magic Mushrooms</a> 1980s, growing numbers &#111&#102 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#101&#115 &#105&#110 &#78&#111&#114&#116&#104 &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97 <H2> Mushroons That Grow In Cow Compost</H2> and Europe have successfully used "natural outdoor cultivation" <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/Gymnopilus+purpuratus.asp" title="Gymnopilus Magic Mushroom Video Gymnopilus" alt="Gymnopilus Magic Mushroom Video Gymnopilus" >Gymnopilus Magic Mushroom Video Gymnopilus</a> to fruit Psilocybe cyanescens &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#115&#105&#109&#105&#108&#97&#114 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#112&#114&#111&#99&#101&#115&#115 involves &#115&#101&#108&#101&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108 &#119&#111&#111&#100 &#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#114&#97&#116&#101&#115 striated with <H3> horse manure magic mushrooms</H3> mycelia (rhizomorphs) that &#117&#115&#117&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#116&#117&#114&#110 &#98&#108&#117&#101 &#105&#110 response to &#104&#97&#110&#100&#108&#105&#110&#103&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#109&#121&#99&#101&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#114&#101 then transferred onto fresh wood chips or commercial mulch &#40&#110&#111&#116 &#102&#114&#111&#109&#13&#10&#99&#101&#100&#97&#114 &#116&#114&#101&#101&#115&#41&#46 &#65&#102&#116&#101&#114 several months of growth, the mycelia fruit during the fall season. Figure 50 - Surface culture of &#73&#110&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#97&#101&#114&#117&#103&#105&#110&#97&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#111&#110 &#97 liquid nutrient &#109&#101&#100&#105&#117&#109&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#53&#49 &#45 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 subbalteatus on cow &#100&#117&#110&#103 &#97&#110&#100 &#114&#105&#99&#101&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#53&#50 - Psilocybe cubensis on wet newspaper. CHAPTER 7 PSYCHOTROPIC MUSHROOM &#83&#80&#69&#67&#73&#69&#83&#13&#10&#65&#82&#79&#85&#78&#68 &#84&#72&#69 &#87&#79&#82&#76&#68&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#53&#51 - &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#111&#110 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#111&#115&#116&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 54 - Psilocybe stuntzii &#40&#103&#114&#97&#115&#115&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115 &#118&#97&#114&#105&#101&#116&#121&#41 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#66&#114&#105&#116&#105&#115&#104 Columbia. Figure 55 - &#71&#105&#97&#110&#116 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#115&#99&#117&#108&#112&#116&#117&#114&#101 &#102&#114&#111&#109 Kerala, India. There is &#99&#111&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101&#114&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#100&#101&#98&#97&#116&#101 &#97&#109&#111&#110&#103&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#116&#115 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 the significance and purpose of the sculpture. Figure 56 &#45 &#77&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#38 water buffalo t-shirt from Thailand, designed for the Western tourist market. CHAPTER 7.1 SPOTLIGHT ON NORTH AMERICA AND HAWAII In 1961, &#86&#46&#69&#46 &#84&#121&#108&#101&#114 &#98&#101&#99&#97&#109&#101 &#116&#104&#101 first investigator &#116&#111 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116 <u> Mushroons That Grow In Cow Compost</u> &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#101&#116&#101&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 of psilocybin in Psilocybe pelliculosa (Smith) Singer & Smith, a &#78&#111&#114&#116&#104 &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#79&#110&#101 year later, two &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104 &#103&#114&#111&#117&#112&#115&#44 &#119&#111&#114&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#110&#100&#101&#112&#101&#110&#100&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121&#44&#13&#10&#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#101&#100 psilocybin, as well &#97&#115 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#105&#110&#44 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#115&#97&#109&#112&#108&#101&#115 &#111&#102 Psilocybe baeocystis Singer & &#83&#109&#105&#116&#104&#13&#10&#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#80&#97&#99&#105&#102&#105&#99 &#78&#111&#114&#116&#104&#119&#101&#115&#116 region of &#78&#111&#114&#116&#104&#13&#10&#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97&#46 &#65&#100&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#99&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#97&#110&#100 taxonomic findin </p> Most users of the psychoactive visionary mushrooms have very little knowledge of their &#115&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99 &#110&#97&#109&#101&#115&#46 &#73&#110&#115&#116&#101&#97&#100&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#121 have &#103&#105&#118&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#102&#97&#118&#111&#114&#105&#116&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 local <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/www+magicgrowingmushrooms+com.asp" title="Www Com Com" alt="Www Com Com" >Www Com Com</a> epithets which are &#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110&#108&#121 &#117&#115&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 who collect and ingest them. Some &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#112&#111&#112&#117&#108&#97&#114 &#110&#97&#109&#101&#115 are also known and &#97&#112&#112&#108&#105&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#117&#115&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#117&#116&#115&#105&#100&#101 of &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#90&#46 &#34&#77&#97&#103&#105&#99 Mushrooms" is the most common term applied to any mushroom which contains psilocybine and/or &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#105&#110&#101&#46 &#73&#116 &#119&#97&#115 &#105&#110&#118&#101&#110&#116&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#97 Life Magazine editor in l957 ( &#115&#101&#101 &#87&#97&#115&#115&#111&#110&#44 &#108&#57&#53&#55&#41&#46 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 cubensis is known in Australia as "golden tops", "gold tops" or sometimes "gold caps.<br>" &#84&#104&#101 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110 &#101&#112&#105&#116&#104&#101&#116&#115 &#109&#97&#121 have been &#103&#105&#118&#101&#110 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 by &#109&#101&#109&#98&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#102 &#97 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#108&#44 drugusing group of surfers which frequented &#116&#104&#101 &#71&#111&#108&#100 &#67&#111&#97&#115&#116 &#114&#101&#103&#105&#111&#110 of &#69&#97&#115&#116&#101&#114&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#59 &#104&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 &#115&#111&#109&#101 of &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#110&#97&#109&#101&#115 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#97&#112&#112&#97&#114&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121 been used to describe &#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 by users in Australia (see Allen, 1997). As mentioned above, Psilocybe cubensis is not known to occur in New Zealand. Those who ingest Copelandia cyanescens, known in Australia and New &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100 &#97&#115 &#34&#98&#108&#117&#101 &#109&#101&#97&#110&#105&#101&#115&#34&#44 also refer to this species as "Blue Legs", "golden tops" or "gold caps". The latter two nicknames, &#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#97&#115 &#34&#100&#105&#109&#112&#108&#101 tops" and <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/subaeruginosagrowingseasonnewzealand.asp" title="Subaeruginosagrowingseasonnewzealand" alt="Subaeruginosagrowingseasonnewzealand" >Subaeruginosagrowingseasonnewzealand</a> "cone heads", are &#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110 &#116&#101&#114&#109&#115 &#97&#112&#112&#108&#105&#101&#100 &#116&#111 Copelandia cyanescens in &#116&#104&#101 &#72&#97&#119&#97&#105&#105&#97&#110 &#73&#115&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115&#59 &#97&#110&#100 some of these same popular &#110&#97&#109&#101&#115 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#97&#108&#115&#111 &#98&#101&#101&#110 used by &#118&#105&#115&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#117&#114&#102&#101&#114&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#98&#111&#116&#104 New Zealand and Australia, &#116&#111 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#99&#114&#111&#115&#99&#111&#112&#105&#99 characteristics of &#67&#111&#112&#101&#108&#97&#110&#100&#105&#97 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#115&#97&#109&#101 surfers visiting Hawaii's North Shore have reportedly ingested mushrooms prior to surfing, as do many of the &#108&#111&#99&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#98&#97&#115&#101&#100 &#115&#117&#114&#102&#101&#114&#115 &#105&#110 Australia and NZ. &#77&#111&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#104&#97&#108&#102 of Australia's beef &#99&#97&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#99&#97&#110 &#98&#101 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 in the coastal areas of Queensland &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#101&#119 &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104 &#87&#97&#108&#101&#115&#59 and the &#50&#48 &#116&#111 &#51&#48 &#105&#110&#99&#104 (500-750mm) rainfall &#98&#101&#108&#116 &#111&#102 &#81&#117&#101&#101&#110&#115&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#78&#101&#119 South Wales and Northern Victoria, generally provide &#97&#100&#101&#113&#117&#97&#116&#101 &#99&#108&#105&#109&#97&#116&#105&#99 &#101&#110&#118&#105&#114&#111&#110&#109&#101&#110&#116&#115 &#102&#111&#114 the growth &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#97&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#44 &#101&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 after heavy rains.<br> &#73&#116 &#104&#97&#115 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#115&#117&#103&#103&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 "Psilocybe cubensis was introduced into Australia &#97&#99&#99&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#98&#121 &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#115&#101&#116&#116&#108&#101&#114&#115 &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#119&#105&#116&#104 their livestock.<br>" This &#115&#97&#109&#101 &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101 &#100&#105&#115&#112&#101&#114&#115&#97&#108 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/mushrocksIllegalinAustralia.asp" title="Mushrocksillegalinaustralia" alt="Mushrocksillegalinaustralia" >Mushrocksillegalinaustralia</a> &#109&#101&#99&#104&#97&#110&#105&#115&#109 &#97&#108&#115&#111 probably applies &#116&#111 &#67&#111&#112&#101&#108&#97&#110&#100&#105&#97 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115&#44 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 subbalteatus and several additional species known to occur in or around the dung of other ruminants. &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#105&#110&#99&#108&#117&#100&#101&#115 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#97&#110&#100 the non-hallucinogenic &#34&#104&#97&#121&#109&#97&#107&#101&#114&#39&#115&#34 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#105&#110&#97 &#102&#111&#101&#110&#105&#115&#101&#99&#105&#105&#46 While cattle are raised in all Australian &#115&#116&#97&#116&#101&#115&#44 &#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#97&#115 in the central lowlands, recreational users have been known to export these psychoptic species to various areas in Australia from areas where &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#108&#108&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100&#46 &#73&#110 the case of New &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#104&#101&#114&#101&#97&#102&#116&#101&#114 &#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#111 as NZ, cattle are &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#114&#105&#109&#97&#114&#121 &#115&#111&#117&#114&#99&#101 &#102&#111&#114 Copelandia cyanescens, but the "liberty cap" mushroom &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#111&#110&#108&#121 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#115 in the manured soil of four-legged ruminants &#97&#110&#100 &#110&#111&#116 &#100&#105&#114&#101&#99&#116&#108&#121 &#102&#114&#111&#109 manure (Jansen, Pers. Comm.<br>, 1988). The identification section of this guide documents reported locations for more &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#49 &#100&#111&#122&#101&#110 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 of psilocybian mushrooms in Australia and &#78&#90 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121 have &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#117&#115&#101&#100 &#97&#116 &#111&#110&#101 time or another for recreational purposes. <p align="justify"> a have been &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#114&#105&#101&#115&#58 Finland, Norway, Sweden, &#68&#101&#110&#109&#97&#114&#107&#44 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#44 &#83&#119&#105&#116&#122&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44&#13&#10&#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#44 &#84&#104&#101 Netherlands, Belgium, France, Russia, Poland, the former &#67&#122&#101&#99&#104&#111&#115&#108&#111&#118&#97&#107&#105&#97&#44&#13&#10&#72&#117&#110&#103&#97&#114&#121&#44 &#82&#111&#109&#97&#110&#105&#97&#44 &#83&#99&#111&#116&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 Wales, Italy and &#83&#112&#97&#105&#110&#46&#13&#10&#85&#110&#102&#111&#114&#116&#117&#110&#97&#116&#101&#108&#121&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#114&#101 &#110&#111 comprehensive maps detailing the species's distribution pattern.<br> Traditionally, mycologists have often neglected &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#108&#121 &#116&#105&#110&#121 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 &#115&#117&#99&#104&#13&#10&#97&#115 Psilocybe &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#44 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#101&#110&#100 &#116&#111 &#115&#104&#97&#114&#101 their habitats with &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#109&#111&#114&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#109&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#13&#10&#115&#97&#114&#99&#97&#115&#116&#105&#99 phrase "The mushrooms occur in abundance wherever mycologists abound" is particularly pertinent &#105&#110 &#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 Psilocybe species. Prior to the &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#121 &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 genus &#108&#97&#110&#103&#117&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#105&#116&#101&#114&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101&#44&#13&#10&#115&#104&#114&#111&#117&#100&#101&#100 in obscurity. &#84&#111 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#100&#97&#121&#44 &#102&#101&#119&#13&#10&#49&#56&#57&#46 Psilocybe semilanceata Fr. Worthless] The cap is uniformly conic to bell-shaped, with a pointy or obtuse center forming an almost wart-like protrusion; initially, caps are &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#116&#97&#108&#108&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#121 are wide, margins are bent and curved inward; later on, width of &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 &#49&#46&#53&#45&#52 &#99&#109&#46 Hygrophanous; coloration is a dirtyish olive-brown when wet, with translucent striate margins; at the center, coloration &#105&#115 &#111&#99&#104&#101&#114 &#111&#114 &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#105&#115&#104&#45&#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119 against an overall shade &#111&#102 &#115&#109&#117&#100&#103&#121 &#112&#97&#108&#101 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119 and oftentimes some greenish stains; only the &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115 &#97&#114&#101 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/danger+of+shrooms.asp" title="Danger Of Shrooms" alt="Danger Of Shrooms" >Danger Of Shrooms</a> &#98&#97&#110&#100&#101&#100 &#98&#121 a darkcolored, watery stripe &#97&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#100&#103&#101&#46 &#78&#111 &#115&#116&#114&#105&#112&#101&#115 or banding evident when mushrooms are completely dried.<br> Lacking a veil, &#99&#97&#112&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#105&#110&#45&#102&#108&#101&#115&#104&#101&#100&#44 &#98&#97&#108&#100&#44 with an &#101&#97&#115&#105&#108&#121 &#115&#101&#112&#97&#114&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#112&#101&#108&#108&#105&#99&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#115 gelatinous-sticky for a &#108&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#44 &#116&#117&#114&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#104&#105&#110&#121 when &#100&#114&#121&#46&#13&#10&#71&#105&#108&#108&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#111&#108&#105&#118&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 to &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 color, with the edges often remaining white, gill spacing is &#113&#117&#105&#116&#101 &#99&#114&#111&#119&#100&#101&#100&#59 &#103&#105&#108&#108 &#97&#116&#116&#97&#99&#104&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#105&#115 &#101&#105&#116&#104&#101&#114 roughly linear &#111&#114&#13&#10&#109&#111&#115&#116&#108&#121 &#97&#100&#110&#101&#120&#101&#100&#59 &#117&#112 &#116&#111 3.5 &#109&#109 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#59 &#97&#116&#116&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 &#97&#116 the stem only, &#102&#117&#108&#108&#121 &#100&#101&#116&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115 are elongated to ellipitical in &#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#44 &#115&#109&#111&#111&#116&#104 &#97&#110&#100 &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101&#44 &#109&#101&#97&#115&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/cultivating+magic+mushroom.asp" title="Cultivating Magic Mushroom" alt="Cultivating Magic Mushroom" >Cultivating Magic Mushroom</a> 12-16 u by 6-8,u. Color of spore dust is blackish purple brown. Stem &#105&#115 &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#115&#108&#101&#110&#100&#101&#114&#44 &#97&#108&#109&#111&#115&#116 &#117&#110&#105&#102&#111&#114&#109&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#105&#110 and always twisted, 6-12 cm long and 1.25-2 mm thick, yellowish or &#119&#104&#105&#116&#105&#115&#104 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#59 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 subjected to pressure develop bluishgreen stains. Stems are silky smooth and roughly at the center, cortinate &#102&#105&#98&#114&#105&#108&#115 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#110&#97&#110&#116&#115 &#111&#102 &#97 veil, which is brittle and lined with a white &#102&#105&#98&#114&#111&#117&#115 &#99&#111&#114&#100 &#111&#102 &#119&#111&#111&#108&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#116&#101&#120&#116&#117&#114&#101&#46&#13&#10&#87&#104&#101&#110 dry, the flesh of the cap is &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100 &#112&#97&#108&#101 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#108&#101 the stem's &#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#111&#99&#104&#101&#114 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 color, especially &#116&#111&#119&#97&#114&#100&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#111&#116&#116&#111&#109&#46 &#73&#116 is &#111&#100&#111&#114&#108&#101&#115&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#105&#116&#115 &#102&#108&#97&#118&#111&#114 is mild.<br> The mushroom grows from August to October, frequently in gregarious clusters, and &#99&#97&#110&#13&#10&#98&#101 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#105&#110 &#112&#97&#115&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 and &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#114&#111&#97&#100&#119&#97&#121&#115&#44 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#110 dung that has undergone complete decomposition. It is &#110&#111&#116 &#97 &#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#114&#97&#114&#101 species. Figure 11(above) &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#101&#120&#99&#101&#108&#108&#101&#110&#116 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#112&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 Psilocybe semilanceata by Michael & Schulz (1927) is shown here as originally &#112&#117&#98&#108&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97&#110 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#105&#115&#104 translation. Mycologists spa have been reported from the following countries: Finland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, &#84&#104&#101 &#78&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115&#44 &#66&#101&#108&#103&#105&#117&#109&#44 &#70&#114&#97&#110&#99&#101&#44&#13&#10&#82&#117&#115&#115&#105&#97&#44 Poland, the former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Scotland, &#69&#110&#103&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#87&#97&#108&#101&#115&#44&#13&#10&#73&#116&#97&#108&#121 &#97&#110&#100 &#83&#112&#97&#105&#110&#46&#13&#10&#85&#110&#102&#111&#114&#116&#117&#110&#97&#116&#101&#108&#121&#44 there &#97&#114&#101 &#110&#111 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#114&#101&#104&#101&#110&#115&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#109&#97&#112&#115 &#100&#101&#116&#97&#105&#108&#105&#110&#103 the species's distribution pattern. Traditionally, mycologists have often neglected relatively &#116&#105&#110&#121 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 &#115&#117&#99&#104&#13&#10&#97&#115 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 semilanceata, that tend to share their habitats with other, more prominent species.<br> The sarcastic phrase "The mushrooms &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#97&#98&#117&#110&#100&#97&#110&#99&#101 &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101&#118&#101&#114 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 abound" &#105&#115&#13&#10&#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#112&#101&#114&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 &#105&#110 &#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#99&#101 to the &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#80&#114&#105&#111&#114 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 discovery of psilocybin, the Psilocybe genus languished in the &#108&#105&#116&#101&#114&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101&#44&#13&#10&#115&#104&#114&#111&#117&#100&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#111&#98&#115&#99&#117&#114&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#84&#111 this day, few 189. &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#70&#114&#46 &#87&#111&#114&#116&#104&#108&#101&#115&#115&#93&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 cap is uniformly conic to bell-shaped, &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97 &#112&#111&#105&#110&#116&#121 &#111&#114 obtuse center forming an almost wart-like protrusion; initially, caps &#97&#114&#101 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#116&#97&#108&#108&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#121 are wide, margins are bent &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#117&#114&#118&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#119&#97&#114&#100&#59 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 on, width &#111&#102 &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 &#49&#46&#53&#45&#52 cm. Hygrophanous; coloration is &#97 &#100&#105&#114&#116&#121&#105&#115&#104 &#111&#108&#105&#118&#101&#45&#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#119&#104&#101&#110 wet, with &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#117&#99&#101&#110&#116 &#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#116&#101 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115&#59 &#97&#116 the center, coloration is ocher &#111&#114 &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#105&#115&#104&#45&#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119 &#97&#103&#97&#105&#110&#115&#116 &#97&#110 overall &#115&#104&#97&#100&#101 &#111&#102 &#115&#109&#117&#100&#103&#121 &#112&#97&#108&#101 yellow and oftentimes some &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#105&#115&#104 &#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#59 &#111&#110&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#101 margins are banded by a &#100&#97&#114&#107&#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100&#44 &#119&#97&#116&#101&#114&#121&#13&#10&#115&#116&#114&#105&#112&#101 &#97&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 edge. No stripes or &#98&#97&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 are completely dried. Lacking a veil, caps are thin-fleshed, bald, &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97&#110 &#101&#97&#115&#105&#108&#121 &#115&#101&#112&#97&#114&#97&#98&#108&#101 pellicle that remains gelatinous-sticky for a long time, &#116&#117&#114&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#104&#105&#110&#121 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#100&#114&#121&#46&#13&#10&#71&#105&#108&#108&#115 are &#111&#108&#105&#118&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 brown &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101 edges often remaining white, gill spacing is quite crowded; &#103&#105&#108&#108 &#97&#116&#116&#97&#99&#104&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#105&#115 &#101&#105&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 linear or mostly adnexed; up to 3.5 mm &#119&#105&#100&#101&#59 &#97&#116&#116&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 stem &#111&#110&#108&#121&#44 &#102&#117&#108&#108&#121 &#100&#101&#116&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115 are elongated to ellipitical &#105&#110 &#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#44 &#115&#109&#111&#111&#116&#104 &#97&#110&#100 large, &#109&#101&#97&#115&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#49&#50&#45&#49&#54 &#117&#13&#10&#98&#121 &#54&#45&#56&#44&#117&#46 Color of spore dust is &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#116&#101&#109 &#105&#115 very slender, almost uniformly thin and &#97&#108&#119&#97&#121&#115 &#116&#119&#105&#115&#116&#101&#100&#44 &#54&#45&#49&#50 &#99&#109 long &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#49&#46&#50&#53&#45&#50 &#109&#109 &#116&#104&#105&#99&#107&#44 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#115&#104 or whitish in color; areas &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#117&#114&#101 &#100&#101&#118&#101&#108&#111&#112 bluishgreen stains. Stems &#97&#114&#101 &#115&#105&#108&#107&#121 &#115&#109&#111&#111&#116&#104 &#97&#110&#100 roughly at the center, cortinate fibrils appear like remnants of a veil, which is brittle and lined with a white fibrous cord of &#119&#111&#111&#108&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#116&#101&#120&#116&#117&#114&#101&#46&#13&#10&#87&#104&#101&#110 &#100&#114&#121&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 of &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100 pale &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#101&#109&#39&#115 flesh is ocher brown in color, especially towards &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#111&#116&#116&#111&#109&#46 &#73&#116 &#105&#115 odorless and its flavor is &#109&#105&#108&#100&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 August to &#79&#99&#116&#111&#98&#101&#114&#44 &#102&#114&#101&#113&#117&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121 &#105&#110 &#103&#114&#101&#103&#97&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115 clusters, and can be found &#105&#110 &#112&#97&#115&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 roadways, growing on dung that has undergone &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#99&#111&#109&#112&#111&#115&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 &#73&#116 &#105&#115 &#110&#111&#116 a particularly rare species. Figure 11(above) This excellent description of &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#98&#121 &#77&#105&#99&#104&#97&#101&#108 & Schulz (1927) is shown here as originally published &#105&#110 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97&#110 English translation. Mycologists spa &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 following countries: Finland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, The Netherlands, Belgium, France, Russia, Poland, the former &#67&#122&#101&#99&#104&#111&#115&#108&#111&#118&#97&#107&#105&#97&#44&#13&#10&#72&#117&#110&#103&#97&#114&#121&#44 &#82&#111&#109&#97&#110&#105&#97&#44 &#83&#99&#111&#116&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 Wales, Italy and Spain. Unfortunately, there &#97&#114&#101 &#110&#111 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#114&#101&#104&#101&#110&#115&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#109&#97&#112&#115 &#100&#101&#116&#97&#105&#108&#105&#110&#103 the species's distribution &#112&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114&#110&#46 &#84&#114&#97&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115&#13&#10&#104&#97&#118&#101 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 neglected relatively &#116&#105&#110&#121 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 &#115&#117&#99&#104&#13&#10&#97&#115 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#44 &#116&#104&#97&#116 tend &#116&#111 &#115&#104&#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114&#13&#10&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#97&#116&#115 &#119&#105&#116&#104 other, more prominent species. The sarcastic phrase "The mushrooms occur in abundance wherever mycologists abound" is particularly pertinent in reference to the Psilocybe species.<br> Prior to &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#121 &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#44 the Psilocybe &#103&#101&#110&#117&#115 &#108&#97&#110&#103&#117&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 literature, shrouded &#105&#110 &#111&#98&#115&#99&#117&#114&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#84&#111 &#116&#104&#105&#115 day, &#102&#101&#119&#13&#10&#49&#56&#57&#46 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#70&#114&#46 Worthless The cap is uniformly conic to bell-shaped, with a pointy or obtuse center forming an almost wart-like protrusion; &#105&#110&#105&#116&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#99&#97&#112&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 taller than they are wide, margins are bent and &#99&#117&#114&#118&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#119&#97&#114&#100&#59 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#111&#110&#44 width of cap is &#49&#46&#53&#45&#52 &#99&#109&#46 &#72&#121&#103&#114&#111&#112&#104&#97&#110&#111&#117&#115&#59 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#105&#115 a dirtyish olive-brown when wet, with translucent striate margins; &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44&#13&#10&#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#115 ocher or &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#105&#115&#104&#45&#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119 &#97&#103&#97&#105&#110&#115&#116 &#97&#110 &#111&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108&#108 shade of smudgy pale yellow and oftentimes some greenish stains; only the margins &#97&#114&#101 &#98&#97&#110&#100&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#97 darkcolored, watery stripe around &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#100&#103&#101&#46 &#78&#111 &#115&#116&#114&#105&#112&#101&#115 or banding evident when mushrooms &#97&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101&#108&#121&#13&#10&#100&#114&#105&#101&#100&#46 &#76&#97&#99&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#97 &#118&#101&#105&#108&#44 &#99&#97&#112&#115 are thin-fleshed, bald, with an &#101&#97&#115&#105&#108&#121 &#115&#101&#112&#97&#114&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#112&#101&#108&#108&#105&#99&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#115 gelatinous-sticky for a long time, turning shiny &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#100&#114&#121&#46&#13&#10&#71&#105&#108&#108&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#111&#108&#105&#118&#101 brown to blackish &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 with the edges often remaining white, gill &#115&#112&#97&#99&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#115 &#113&#117&#105&#116&#101 &#99&#114&#111&#119&#100&#101&#100&#59 &#103&#105&#108&#108 attachment is &#101&#105&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 &#108&#105&#110&#101&#97&#114 &#111&#114&#13&#10&#109&#111&#115&#116&#108&#121 adnexed; up to 3.5 mm wide; attached at the &#115&#116&#101&#109 &#111&#110&#108&#121&#44 &#102&#117&#108&#108&#121 &#100&#101&#116&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 later on. Spores are &#101&#108&#111&#110&#103&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#101&#108&#108&#105&#112&#105&#116&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#105&#110 &#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#44 smooth &#97&#110&#100 &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101&#44 &#109&#101&#97&#115&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#49&#50&#45&#49&#54 &#117&#13&#10&#98&#121 &#54&#45&#56&#44&#117&#46 Color of spore &#100&#117&#115&#116 &#105&#115 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#116&#101&#109 is very slender, &#97&#108&#109&#111&#115&#116 &#117&#110&#105&#102&#111&#114&#109&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#105&#110 &#97&#110&#100 always &#116&#119&#105&#115&#116&#101&#100&#44 &#54&#45&#49&#50 &#99&#109 &#108&#111&#110&#103 and 1.25-2 mm thick, yellowish or whitish in &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#59 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 pressure develop bluishgreen stains. Stems are silky smooth and roughly &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44 &#99&#111&#114&#116&#105&#110&#97&#116&#101 fibrils &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#110&#97&#110&#116&#115 &#111&#102 &#97 veil, which is brittle and lined with &#97 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101 &#102&#105&#98&#114&#111&#117&#115 &#99&#111&#114&#100 of wool-like texture.<br> When dry, the flesh of the &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100 &#112&#97&#108&#101 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#44 while the stem's flesh is ocher brown in color, &#101&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#116&#111&#119&#97&#114&#100&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#111&#116&#116&#111&#109&#46 It is odorless &#97&#110&#100 &#105&#116&#115 &#102&#108&#97&#118&#111&#114 &#105&#115 mild. The mushroom &#103&#114&#111&#119&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#65&#117&#103&#117&#115&#116 &#116&#111 October, frequently in gregarious clusters, and can be found in &#112&#97&#115&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#114&#111&#97&#100&#119&#97&#121&#115&#44 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 on dung that has undergone complete decomposition.<br> It is not a particularly rare &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#49&#49&#40&#97&#98&#111&#118&#101&#41 &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#101&#120&#99&#101&#108&#108&#101&#110&#116 description of Psilocybe &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#98&#121 &#77&#105&#99&#104&#97&#101&#108 &#38 &#83&#99&#104&#117&#108&#122&#13&#10&#40&#49&#57&#50&#55&#41 &#105&#115 shown here as originally published in German, with an English translation. Mycologists &#115&#112&#97 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 from the following countries: Finland, Norway, Sweden, &#68&#101&#110&#109&#97&#114&#107&#44 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#44 &#83&#119&#105&#116&#122&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44&#13&#10&#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#44 &#84&#104&#101 &#78&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115&#44 Belgium, France, Russia, Poland, &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#101&#114 &#67&#122&#101&#99&#104&#111&#115&#108&#111&#118&#97&#107&#105&#97&#44&#13&#10&#72&#117&#110&#103&#97&#114&#121&#44 &#82&#111&#109&#97&#110&#105&#97&#44 Scotland, England, Wales, Italy and Spain. Unfortunately, there are &#110&#111 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#114&#101&#104&#101&#110&#115&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#109&#97&#112&#115 &#100&#101&#116&#97&#105&#108&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 species's distribution pattern. Traditionally, mycologists have &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#110&#101&#103&#108&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#108&#121 &#116&#105&#110&#121 species, such as Psilocybe &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#44 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#101&#110&#100 &#116&#111 share their habitats with &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#109&#111&#114&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#109&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 The sarcastic phrase "The mushrooms occur in abundance wherever mycologists abound" is particularly pertinent in reference to the Psilocybe species.<br> Prior to the discovery of psilocybin, the Psilocybe genus languished in &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#105&#116&#101&#114&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101&#44&#13&#10&#115&#104&#114&#111&#117&#100&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#111&#98&#115&#99&#117&#114&#105&#116&#121&#46 To this day, &#102&#101&#119&#13&#10&#49&#56&#57&#46 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#70&#114&#46 Worthless The cap is uniformly conic to bell-shaped, with a pointy or &#111&#98&#116&#117&#115&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#97&#110 &#97&#108&#109&#111&#115&#116 wart-like &#112&#114&#111&#116&#114&#117&#115&#105&#111&#110&#59 &#105&#110&#105&#116&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#99&#97&#112&#115 &#97&#114&#101 often taller than they &#97&#114&#101 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#44 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101 &#98&#101&#110&#116 &#97&#110&#100 curved inward; later on, width of cap is 1.5-4 cm. Hygrophanous; coloration is a &#100&#105&#114&#116&#121&#105&#115&#104 &#111&#108&#105&#118&#101&#45&#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#119&#101&#116&#44 with &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#117&#99&#101&#110&#116 &#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#116&#101 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115&#59 &#97&#116 the center, coloration is &#111&#99&#104&#101&#114 &#111&#114 &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#105&#115&#104&#45&#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119 &#97&#103&#97&#105&#110&#115&#116 an overall shade of smudgy pale yellow &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#105&#115&#104 &#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#59 only the margins are &#98&#97&#110&#100&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#97 &#100&#97&#114&#107&#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100&#44 watery stripe &#97&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#100&#103&#101&#46 &#78&#111 stripes &#111&#114 &#98&#97&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 are &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101&#108&#121&#13&#10&#100&#114&#105&#101&#100&#46 &#76&#97&#99&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#97 &#118&#101&#105&#108&#44 caps &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#105&#110&#45&#102&#108&#101&#115&#104&#101&#100&#44 &#98&#97&#108&#100&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 an easily separable pellicle that remains gelatinous-sticky for &#97 &#108&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#44 &#116&#117&#114&#110&#105&#110&#103 shiny when dry. Gills are &#111&#108&#105&#118&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 purple brown in color, &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#100&#103&#101&#115 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101&#44 &#103&#105&#108&#108 spacing is &#113&#117&#105&#116&#101 &#99&#114&#111&#119&#100&#101&#100&#59 &#103&#105&#108&#108 &#97&#116&#116&#97&#99&#104&#109&#101&#110&#116 is either roughly linear or mostly adnexed; &#117&#112 &#116&#111 &#51&#46&#53 &#109&#109 wide; attached at the &#115&#116&#101&#109 &#111&#110&#108&#121&#44 &#102&#117&#108&#108&#121 &#100&#101&#116&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 later on. Spores are elongated to ellipitical &#105&#110 &#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#44 &#115&#109&#111&#111&#116&#104 &#97&#110&#100 large, &#109&#101&#97&#115&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#49&#50&#45&#49&#54 &#117&#13&#10&#98&#121 &#54&#45&#56&#44&#117&#46 Color of spore dust &#105&#115 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#116&#101&#109 is very slender, almost uniformly thin &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#108&#119&#97&#121&#115 &#116&#119&#105&#115&#116&#101&#100&#44 &#54&#45&#49&#50 cm long and 1.<br>25-2 mm thick, yellowish or whitish &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#59 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 to pressure develop &#98&#108&#117&#105&#115&#104&#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#13&#10&#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#46 &#83&#116&#101&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#115&#105&#108&#107&#121 smooth and roughly at the center, cortinate fibrils appear like remnants of a &#118&#101&#105&#108&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#105&#115 &#98&#114&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101 and lined with a white &#102&#105&#98&#114&#111&#117&#115 &#99&#111&#114&#100 &#111&#102 &#119&#111&#111&#108&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#116&#101&#120&#116&#117&#114&#101&#46&#13&#10&#87&#104&#101&#110 dry, the flesh of the cap is colored pale yellow, while the &#115&#116&#101&#109&#39&#115 &#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#111&#99&#104&#101&#114 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 in color, especially towards &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#111&#116&#116&#111&#109&#46 &#73&#116 &#105&#115 odorless and its flavor is mild. The mushroom grows from August to October, frequently in &#103&#114&#101&#103&#97&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#99&#108&#117&#115&#116&#101&#114&#115&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#97&#110&#13&#10&#98&#101 found in pastures and along &#114&#111&#97&#100&#119&#97&#121&#115&#44 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#110 &#100&#117&#110&#103 that has undergone complete decomposition. &#73&#116 &#105&#115 &#110&#111&#116 &#97 &#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 rare species.<br> Figure &#49&#49&#40&#97&#98&#111&#118&#101&#41 &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#101&#120&#99&#101&#108&#108&#101&#110&#116 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#112&#116&#105&#111&#110 of Psilocybe &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#98&#121 &#77&#105&#99&#104&#97&#101&#108 &#38 Schulz (1927) is shown here as originally published in German, with an English translation.<br> Mycologists sp </p> <div align="right"> and familiarity with psychotropic &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#105&#115 most likely &#100&#101&#114&#105&#118&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#117&#115&#97&#103&#101 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 related species, rather than experience &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#65&#109&#97&#110&#105&#116&#97 &#109&#117&#115&#99&#97&#114&#105&#97&#46 &#72&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 &#105&#116 is extremely difficult to &#114&#101&#106&#101&#99&#116 &#111&#114 &#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#114&#109 &#116&#104&#105&#115&#13&#10&#104&#121&#112&#111&#116&#104&#101&#115&#105&#115&#44 due to the lack of conclusive data available for analysis today. Bwyd Ellylon: &#65 &#70&#101&#97&#115&#116 &#111&#102 &#70&#97&#105&#114&#105&#101&#115 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/united+states+coins.asp" title="United States Coins" alt="United States Coins" >United States Coins</a> in Celebration of the &#83&#112&#105&#114&#105&#116 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100&#13&#10&#84&#97&#108&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#114&#105&#116&#117&#97&#108&#105&#115&#116&#105&#99 mushroom usage have found their way into the realm of myths and legends. For instance, one &#108&#101&#103&#101&#110&#100 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101&#115 &#97&#13&#10&#112&#101&#99&#117&#108&#105&#97&#114 &#112&#111&#105&#115&#111&#110&#111&#117&#115 mushroom in Wales (British Isles) &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#114&#97&#110&#103&#101 &#110&#97&#109&#101 of Bwyd Ellylon, which was considered a delicacy by fairies feasting in celebration of the spirit world.<br> Psilocybe semilanceata is the most important psilocybincontaining mushroom &#105&#110 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#105&#116 thrives &#105&#110&#13&#10&#112&#97&#114&#116&#115 &#111&#102 &#71&#114&#101&#97&#116 &#66&#114&#105&#116&#97&#105&#110&#44 where the mushroom grows abundantly all &#97&#99&#114&#111&#115&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#87&#101&#108&#115&#104 &#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#114&#121&#115&#105&#100&#101 &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#102&#97&#108&#108 season.<br> I would <i> shrooms drawing of death trees</i> like to thank G. Samorini for pointing &#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#97&#116 <H3> buy Dipropyltryptamine</H3> &#116&#104&#101 &#73&#110&#113&#117&#105&#115&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#119&#97&#115 unusually cruel and vicious in the Alpine <H2> blue stain gold caps magic mushroom</H2> valleys &#111&#102&#13&#10&#86&#97&#108&#99&#97&#109&#111&#110&#105&#99&#97&#44 &#86&#97&#108&#116&#114&#111&#109&#112&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#86&#97&#108&#116&#101&#108&#108&#105&#110&#97 &#40&#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#101&#100&#13&#10&#105&#110 the provinces &#111&#102 &#66&#114&#101&#115&#99&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#83&#97&#110&#100&#114&#105&#111 in Northern Italy). Many books chronicle countless witch burnings in that &#114&#101&#103&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#13&#10&#101&#109&#112&#104&#97&#115&#105&#115 &#111&#110 the witches' meetings at the "Monte del Tonale", &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#97&#116 &#97&#110 &#97&#108&#116&#105&#116&#117&#100&#101 &#111&#102 2000 m (ca. 6,000 ft). Field research has shown that &#112&#108&#97&#110&#116&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#110&#105&#103&#104&#116&#115&#104&#97&#100&#101 &#102&#97&#109&#105&#108&#121 ("witching herbs") &#100&#111 &#110&#111&#116&#13&#10&#103&#114&#111&#119 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#105&#115 altitude; even the fly agaric mushroom is &#114&#97&#114&#101&#108&#121 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101&#46 &#66&#121 contrast, pastures in the area abound &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 fall. Given this historical context, it would seem likely &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#112&#108&#97&#121&#101&#100 &#97&#110 important role as a psychotropic &#97&#103&#101&#110&#116 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#114&#101&#103&#105&#111&#110 (see Figure &#53&#56&#44&#13&#10&#67&#104&#97&#112&#116&#101&#114 &#55&#46&#52&#41&#46&#13&#10&#73&#110 &#108&#105&#103&#104&#116 &#111&#102 medieval accounts describing the practice of witchcraft, &#105&#116 &#105&#115 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#101&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 note that a subjective sensation of flying or &#108&#101&#118&#105&#116&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#97&#109&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110&#108&#121 reported effects of psilocybin intoxication. Berserk Rage of Nordic Warriors In the course &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#105&#100&#101&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#112&#111&#119&#101&#114&#13&#10&#115&#116&#114&#117&#103&#103&#108&#101 between Christianity and the remnants &#111&#102&#13&#10&#112&#97&#103&#97&#110 &#114&#101&#108&#105&#103&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#119&#111&#114&#115&#104&#105&#112&#112&#101&#100 Nature, many sources of knowledge &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#108&#111&#115&#116&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#97&#103&#103&#114&#101&#115&#115&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#105&#111&#110 &#97&#110&#100 eradication of pre-Christian customs all but destroyed &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#117&#105&#116&#121 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#39&#115 &#111&#114&#105&#103&#105&#110&#97&#108 cultural &#104&#101&#114&#105&#116&#97&#103&#101&#44 &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#119&#105&#116&#104&#13&#10&#109&#117&#99&#104 &#104&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#105&#99 evidence documenting early cultural practices, including the usage of plants and mushrooms for the purpose of temporary alterations &#111&#102 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#46&#13&#10&#83&#111&#109&#101 &#97&#117&#116&#104&#111&#114&#115 &#119&#101&#110&#116 so far as to &#98&#108&#97&#109&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#102&#108&#121 &#97&#103&#97&#114&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 for proverbial fits &#111&#102 &#34&#98&#101&#114&#115&#101&#114&#107&#13&#10&#114&#97&#103&#101&#34 &#97&#116&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 Nordic &#119&#97&#114&#114&#105&#111&#114&#115&#46 &#77&#97&#110&#121 &#97&#99&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#115&#13&#10&#100&#101&#116&#97&#105&#108&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#105&#115 phenomenon allude &#116&#111 &#97 &#34&#100&#101&#99&#101&#112&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 eyes" &#40&#105&#46&#101&#46 &#118&#105&#115&#117&#97&#108 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#41&#46 &#65&#102&#116&#101&#114 the Nordic legal &#115&#121&#115&#116&#101&#109 &#98&#97&#110&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#114&#97&#99&#116&#105&#99&#101 of "going berserk", &#105&#116 &#100&#105&#115&#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#113&#117&#105&#116&#101 &#115&#117&#100&#100&#101&#110&#108&#121&#13&#10&#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 the 12th century. &#65&#116 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#97&#109&#101 time, Saxo Grammaticus speculated that the Berserkers may have &#117&#115&#101&#100 &#109&#97&#103 </div> More than half of Australia's beef cattle can be found in the coastal areas of Queensland and New South Wales; and the 20 to 30 inch (500-750mm) rainfall belt of Queensland, New South Wales and Northern Victoria, generally provide adequate climatic environments for the growth of psilocybian mushrooms, especially after heavy rains. It has been suggested that "Psilocybe cubensis was introduced into Australia accidentally by early settlers along with their livestock." This same spore dispersal mechanism also probably applies to Copelandia cyanescens, Panaeolus subbalteatus and several additional species known to occur in or around the dung of other ruminants. This includes Psilocybe semilanceata and the non-hallucinogenic "haymaker's" mushroom Panaeolina foenisecii. While cattle are raised in all Australian states, as well as in the central lowlands, recreational users have been known to export these psychoptic species to various areas in Australia from areas where they were collected. In the case of New Zealand, hereafter referred to as NZ, cattle are the primary source for Copelandia cyanescens, but the "liberty cap" mushroom Psilocybe semilanceata only grows in the manured soil of four-legged ruminants and not directly from manure (Jansen, Pers. Comm., 1988). The identification section of this guide documents reported locations for more than 1 dozen species of psilocybian mushrooms in Australia and NZ which most likely have been used at one time or another for recreational purposes. There are more than 1 dozen species of "magic <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/hunting+for+shrooms.asp" title="Hunting For Shrooms" alt="Hunting For Shrooms" >Hunting For Shrooms</a> mushrooms" <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/copelandiacyanescensQueensland.asp" title="Copelandiacyanescensqueensland" alt="Copelandiacyanescensqueensland" >Copelandiacyanescensqueensland</a> in Australia and New </p> <p>ed and large numbers of studies were conducted, primarily with LSD. These investigators sought to discover the receptor binding sites for hallucinogenic compounds in the brain and to understand the mechanisms underlying the genesis of psychedelic visions. Today, we still lack a sound theoretical framework able to explain the relationship between chemical compounds and the manifestation of their psychoactivity. Even though basic research is certainly important, its methods, unfortunately, are often a function of a rather one-sided pharmacological approach to investigating the effects of psilocybin, LSD and mescaline - an approach that is, in fact, too narrow to address the remarkably unusual nature of these substances and their effects. Misunderstandings between pharmacologists and toxicologists on the one hand and psychiatrists and psychologists on the other can often be traced all the way back to the 1950's, creating a legacy of disputes and arguments that have yet to be resolved. S. Grof undertook the tedious task of analyzing 5,000 experimental LSD protocols in an effort to isolate "absolute" symptoms that are reported or occur all of the time. His results were negative. According to Grof, hallucinogenic substances are non-specific triggers causing a sequence of altered states of consciousness, which do not fit the syndrome labeled "toxic psychosis". Rather, it is the individual's personality, along with the experimental setting that significantly shape the nature of the psychedelic experience. This view is shared by a majority of experts with considerable experience in conducting psychedelics-assisted psychotherapy. Even "real" somatic symptoms, such as nausea or vomiting, can often be controlled through psychological intervention techniques administered by trained professionals. A Plethora of Names The broad range of possible experiences inspired the use of labels other than "hallucinogens", with widely differing semantic connotations: entheogens, psychedelics, illusionogens, psycholytics, psychomimetics, psychodysleptica, psychoemetics and others. "Phantastica" (Lewin) is the oldest label ever used to describe this class of substances. This term successfully evokes dream-like, fanciful aspects of the experience, as well as the potential for euphoric and dysphoric emotional overtones. More recent terminology often says more about semantic biases of those who use the labels than about any factual, objective characteristics of the alkaloids they refer to. Accordingly, official antidrug propaganda since the 1960's has disparaged "psychedelics" as excessively glamorous and too positive a label, as the term was popular among Timothy Leary's fans and supporters. When used in low doses or for the first time, these substances are most likely to bring about a kind of magical transformation of surroundings, with a heightened ability to perceive subtle differences along the color spectru xican mushroom species, so that these materials need not be repeated in this context. However, certain aspects concerning the more recent uses of these mushrooms as well as their conditions of growth will receive more detailed attention in later chapters. The main purpose of this book is to inspire further study of these mushrooms, particularly basic research efforts and medical applications of magic mushroom ingredients. The extensive bibliography will help scientists and other interested mycophiles to further immerse themselves in this complex area of study. Jochen Gartz Figure 6 - Bronze doors with mushroom motif entitled "Trial and Judgment" at Hildesheim Cathedral, Germany (ca. 1020). CHAPTER 2 REFLECTIONS ON THE HISTORY AND SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF MAGIC MUSHROOMS It is remarkable that cultures native to the American continent knew about a relatively large number of natural mind-altering substances compared to early cultures that evolved in Europe or Asia. Botanical evidence does not support the notion that Europe is home to fewer hallucinogenic plants than other regions. Furthermore, the growing number of recently discovered European mushroom species containing psilocybin indicate a flourishing psychotropic mycoflora in Europe similar to those found in other countries. It is unlikely that early European cultures learned less about local plants and mushrooms through usage and experience than cultures elsewhere in the world. Most likely, early cultural knowledge of European psychoactive plants and mushrooms was lost or destroyed at some time in history, probably as early as several hundred years ago. The discovery that the fly agaric mushroom (Amanita muscaria) was known for its psychoactive properties in Siberia invited the conclusion that this mushroom was used as a psychotropic agent in medieval Europe as well. In fact, there is very little evidence from the Middle Ages to indicate widespread knowledge of the effects of specific mushrooms on human consciousness. However, I believe that past reports on psychoactive mushrooms were causally linked to Amanita muscaria simply because this was the only known psychotropic mushroom in Europe at that time. While the usage of Amanita muscaria among Siberian tribes has generated reports of spectacular hallucinations, European accounts of fly agaric intoxications do not generally include descriptions of such intensely hallucinatory effects. Accordingly, the potent hallucinogenic effects of specific Psilocybes and related species are likely to have had a much more significant influence on early European cultures than the delirium-like visions induced by Amanita muscaria, a species that is also known to induce unconsciousness and severe somatic side effects. This hypothesis is corroborated by data from comprehensive field studies conducted in Mexico. I believe that historic accounts including those described below - indicate a knowledge of <p align="right"> went in &#119&#97&#118&#101&#115&#46 &#73&#110&#99&#114&#101&#97&#115&#105&#110&#103&#108&#121&#44 &#97&#108&#108 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#115 in her immediate surroundings coalesced into shades &#111&#102&#13&#10&#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 fearsome; the heads of monsters &#98&#101&#99&#97&#109&#101 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#98&#108&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#97 wall opened &#117&#112&#13&#10&#105&#110&#116&#111 &#97&#110 &#97&#98&#121&#115&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#119&#97&#115 a succession of &#104&#117&#109&#97&#110&#13&#10&#102&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97&#110&#105&#109&#97&#108 &#104&#101&#97&#100&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#110&#101&#120&#116 day, everything was back to normal.<br> &#84&#104&#101 &#111&#108&#100&#101&#115&#116 &#99&#104&#105&#108&#100 &#40&#97&#103&#101 &#49&#52&#41 also saw her &#112&#97&#114&#101&#110&#116&#115&#39 &#104&#97&#105&#114 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114 &#116&#117&#114&#110 green, <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/ph.asp" title="Ph" alt="Ph" >Ph</a> had dilated pupils and watched geometric &#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#115 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114 &#111&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#119&#97&#108&#108&#46 The youngest child (age 11) experienced &#99&#114&#97&#109&#112&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#108&#111&#115&#116&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#46&#13&#10&#73&#110 &#49&#57&#54&#48&#44 Singer and Guzman suggested that Panaeolus cyanescens &#109&#105&#103&#104&#116 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110&#13&#10&#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#44 &#98&#101&#99&#97&#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 the intense blue staining they had observed. <H1> Growing Shrooms From Cow Manure</H1> It wasn't until after the intoxications in Menton had been publicized, that a research team working with A. Hofmann detected 0.2% of psilocybin in the mushrooms. Considering &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#111&#119&#101&#114&#102&#117&#108 &#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115&#44 &#104&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 this concentration appears to be too low to cause &#115&#117&#99&#104&#13&#10&#105&#109&#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#105&#118&#101 &#114&#101&#97&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#46 &#76&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#111&#110&#44 Sandoz Laboratories &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#101&#118&#101&#108 &#111&#102 psilocybin in dried samples &#97&#115 &#48&#46&#56&#37&#44 &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#119&#105&#116&#104 1.2% psilocin. The &#108&#101&#118&#101&#108 &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#105&#110&#44 &#104&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 may have been falsely elevated by the &#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#111&#102 &#115&#101&#114&#111&#116&#111&#110&#105&#110 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#105&#116&#115 derivates in &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#115&#97&#109&#112&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116 was being tested. According to Stijve, a mushroom sample collected by J.W. Allen &#105&#110 &#84&#104&#97&#105&#108&#97&#110&#100 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110&#101&#100&#13&#10&#48&#46&#52&#37 &#45 1.05% of psilocin, with only trace amounts of psilocybin; serotonin was present in large amounts, comparable to concentrations found in all Panaeolus species. Apparently, &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115&#13&#10&#112&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#101&#115 &#109&#111&#114&#101 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#105&#110 than psilocybin. Still, I was &#97&#98&#108&#101 &#116&#111 &#100&#101&#116&#101&#99&#116 &#48&#46&#52&#37 of &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 &#105&#110 &#109&#121&#99&#101&#108&#105&#97&#13&#10&#99&#117&#108&#116&#105&#118&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#111&#110 malt agar, with &#110&#111 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#105&#110&#100&#111&#108&#101&#13&#10&#99&#111&#109&#112&#111&#117&#110&#100&#115 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#116&#46&#13&#10&#68&#105&#115&#99&#117&#115&#115&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 the Panaeolus species would remain incomplete &#119&#105&#116&#104&#111&#117&#116 &#112&#111&#105&#110&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#117&#116&#13&#10&#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 subjectively &#116&#101&#114&#114&#105&#102&#121&#105&#110&#103 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#115&#101&#115&#13&#10&#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#49&#57&#54&#53 cannot be attributed to &#97 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#102&#105&#99&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#105&#110&#103&#114&#101&#100&#105&#101&#110&#116&#44 &#98&#117&#116 were likely precipitated &#98&#121 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#105&#114&#99&#117&#109&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#40&#115&#101&#116 and setting) surrounding the &#105&#110&#99&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101&#100 by J.<br> Allen in Hawaii after eating 20 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#109&#101&#110&#115 &#112&#97&#105&#110&#116 &#97&#13&#10&#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116 &#112&#105&#99&#116&#117&#114&#101 altogether: With radio music playing softly in the dark, euphoria &#98&#101&#103&#97&#110 &#116&#111 &#99&#111&#109&#101 &#111&#110 in waves. After 20 &#109&#105&#110&#117&#116&#101&#115&#44 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#98&#101&#99&#97&#109&#101 &#115&#111 intense that I &#116&#114&#105&#101&#100&#13&#10&#116&#111 &#99&#108&#111&#115&#101 &#109&#121 &#101&#121&#101&#115&#46 Whenever 1 &#100&#105&#100 &#99&#108&#111&#115&#101 &#109&#121 &#101&#121&#101&#115&#44&#13&#10&#109&#121 eyelids felt &#97&#115 &#105&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#119&#101&#114&#101 being sprayed from the outside. Colors were sharp and &#99&#108&#101&#97&#114&#44 &#98&#117&#116&#13&#10&#73 &#97&#108&#119&#97&#121&#115 &#113&#117&#105&#99&#107&#108&#121 opened my eyes again. Colors were dancing like laser beams to the rhythm of the music. The stars in the sky assembled in clusters that &#114&#101&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 &#97&#108&#108 &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#97&#121 into my soul. &#73&#13&#10&#119&#97&#115 &#97 &#108&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#115&#99&#97&#114&#101&#100 at &#116&#104&#101 &#105&#100&#101&#97 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 ocean water might &#114&#117&#115&#104 &#117&#112 &#97&#108&#108 &#116&#104&#101 way into our hut.<br> Other than &#116&#104&#97&#116&#44 &#102&#101&#101&#108&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#111&#102 &#101&#117&#112&#104&#111&#114&#105&#97 &#119&#101&#114&#101&#13&#10&#111&#118&#101&#114&#119&#104&#101&#108&#109&#105&#110&#103&#46 &#65&#116 times, I was overcome by fits of laughter.<br> That night, I slept &#108&#105&#107&#101 &#34&#97 &#112&#114&#105&#110&#99&#101 &#34&#46 The following morning I &#103&#97&#116&#104&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#117&#112 &#109&#121 &#98&#101&#108&#111&#110&#103&#105&#110&#103&#115&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 had to walk back across the pasture where I had collected the &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#97&#121 &#98&#101&#102&#111&#114&#101&#46 I noticed a lot o </p> More than half of Australia's beef cattle can be found in the coastal areas of Queensland and New South Wales; and the 20 to 30 inch (500-750mm) rainfall belt of Queensland, New South Wales and Northern Victoria, generally provide adequate climatic environments for the growth of psilocybian mushrooms, especially after heavy rains. It has been suggested that "Psilocybe cubensis was introduced into Australia accidentally by early settlers along with their livestock." This same spore dispersal mechanism also probably applies to Copelandia cyanescens, Panaeolus subbalteatus and several additional species known to occur in or around the dung of other ruminants. This includes Psilocybe semilanceata and the non-hallucinogenic "haymaker's" mushroom Panaeolina foenisecii. While cattle are raised in all Australian states, as well as in the central lowlands, recreational users have been known to export these psychoptic species to various areas in Australia from areas where they were collected. In the case of New Zealand, hereafter referred to as NZ, cattle are the primary source for Copelandia cyanescens, but the "liberty cap" mushroom Psilocybe semilanceata only grows in the manured soil of four-legged ruminants and not directly from manure (Jansen, Pers. Comm., 1988). The identification section of this guide documents reported locations for more than 1 dozen species of psilocybian mushrooms in Australia and NZ which most likely have been used at one time or another for recreational purposes. a have been reported from the following countries: Finland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, The Netherlands, Belgium, France, Russia, Poland, the former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Scotland, England, Wales, Italy and Spain. Unfortunately, there are no comprehensive maps detailing the species's distribution pattern. Traditionally, mycologists have often neglected relatively tiny species, such as Psilocybe semilanceata, that tend to share their habitats with other, more prominent species. The sarcastic phrase "The mushrooms occur in abundance wherever mycologists abound" is particularly pertinent in reference to the Psilocybe species. Prior to the discovery of psilocybin, the Psilocybe genus languished in the literature, shrouded in obscurity. To this day, few 189. Psilocybe semilanceata Fr. Worthless] The cap is uniformly conic to bell-shaped, with a pointy or obtuse center forming an almost wart-like protrusion; initially, caps are often taller than they are wide, margins are bent and curved inward; later on, width of cap is 1.5-4 cm. Hygrophanous; coloration is a dirtyish olive-brown when wet, with translucent striate margins; at the center, coloration is ocher or greenish-yellow against an overall shade of smudgy pale yellow and oftentimes some greenish stains; only the margins are banded by a darkcolored, watery stripe around the edge. No stripes or banding evident when mushrooms are completely dried. Lacking a veil, caps are thin-fleshed, bald, with an easily separable pellicle that remains gelatinous-sticky for a long time, turning shiny when dry. Gills are olive brown to blackish purple brown in color, with the edges often remaining white, gill spacing is quite crowded; gill attachment is either roughly linear or mostly adnexed; up to 3.5 mm wide; attached at the stem only, fully detached later on. Spores are elongated to ellipitical in shape, smooth and large, measuring 12-16 u by 6-8,u. Color of spore dust is blackish purple brown. Stem is very slender, almost uniformly thin and always twisted, 6-12 cm long and 1.25-2 mm thick, yellowish or whitish in color; areas subjected to pressure develop bluishgreen stains. Stems are silky smooth and roughly at the center, cortinate fibrils appear like remnants of a veil, which is brittle and lined with a white fibrous cord of wool-like texture. When dry, the flesh of the cap is colored pale yellow, while the stem's flesh is ocher brown in color, especially towards the bottom. It is odorless and its flavor is mild. The mushroom grows from August to October, frequently in gregarious clusters, and can be found in pastures and along roadways, growing on dung that has undergone complete decomposition. It is not a particularly rare species. Figure 11(above) This excellent description of Psilocybe semilanceata by Michael & Schulz (1927) is shown here as originally published in German, with an English translation. Mycologists sp <p align="center"> and familiarity &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101 that is most likely &#100&#101&#114&#105&#118&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#117&#115&#97&#103&#101 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#115 and related species, rather than experience &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#65&#109&#97&#110&#105&#116&#97 &#109&#117&#115&#99&#97&#114&#105&#97&#46 &#72&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 it is extremely &#100&#105&#102&#102&#105&#99&#117&#108&#116 &#116&#111 &#114&#101&#106&#101&#99&#116 &#111&#114 &#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#114&#109 this hypothesis, due &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#97&#99&#107 &#111&#102 conclusive data available for analysis today. Bwyd Ellylon: &#65 &#70&#101&#97&#115&#116 &#111&#102 &#70&#97&#105&#114&#105&#101&#115 in Celebration &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#83&#112&#105&#114&#105&#116 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100&#13&#10&#84&#97&#108&#101&#115 &#111&#102 ritualistic mushroom usage have found &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#119&#97&#121 &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#114&#101&#97&#108&#109 of myths and legends. For instance, one legend describes a peculiar poisonous mushroom in &#87&#97&#108&#101&#115 &#40&#66&#114&#105&#116&#105&#115&#104&#13&#10&#73&#115&#108&#101&#115&#41 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101 strange name of &#66&#119&#121&#100 &#69&#108&#108&#121&#108&#111&#110&#44&#13&#10&#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#119&#97&#115 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101&#114&#101&#100 a delicacy by fairies feasting in celebration of &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#105&#114&#105&#116 &#119&#111&#114&#108&#100&#46 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 is the most &#105&#109&#112&#111&#114&#116&#97&#110&#116 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#99&#111&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#105&#110 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101 and it thrives in parts of &#71&#114&#101&#97&#116 &#66&#114&#105&#116&#97&#105&#110&#44 &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101 mushroom &#103&#114&#111&#119&#115&#13&#10&#97&#98&#117&#110&#100&#97&#110&#116&#108&#121 &#97&#108&#108 &#97&#99&#114&#111&#115&#115 &#116&#104&#101 Welsh countryside during fall &#115&#101&#97&#115&#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#73 &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#108&#105&#107&#101 &#116&#111 thank G. Samorini for pointing out that &#116&#104&#101 &#73&#110&#113&#117&#105&#115&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#119&#97&#115 &#117&#110&#117&#115&#117&#97&#108&#108&#121&#13&#10&#99&#114&#117&#101&#108 and vicious &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#65&#108&#112&#105&#110&#101 &#118&#97&#108&#108&#101&#121&#115 of Valcamonica, Valtrompia and Valtellina (located in the &#112&#114&#111&#118&#105&#110&#99&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#66&#114&#101&#115&#99&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 Sandrio in Northern Italy). Many &#98&#111&#111&#107&#115 &#99&#104&#114&#111&#110&#105&#99&#108&#101 &#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#108&#101&#115&#115&#13&#10&#119&#105&#116&#99&#104 &#98&#117&#114&#110&#105&#110&#103&#115 in that region, &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#13&#10&#101&#109&#112&#104&#97&#115&#105&#115 &#111&#110 &#116&#104&#101 witches' meetings at the &#34&#77&#111&#110&#116&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#108 &#84&#111&#110&#97&#108&#101&#34&#44 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#97&#116 an altitude of 2000 m (ca.<br> 6,000 ft). Field research &#104&#97&#115 &#115&#104&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#112&#108&#97&#110&#116&#115 of the &#110&#105&#103&#104&#116&#115&#104&#97&#100&#101 &#102&#97&#109&#105&#108&#121 &#40&#34&#119&#105&#116&#99&#104&#105&#110&#103 &#104&#101&#114&#98&#115&#34&#41 do not grow at this &#97&#108&#116&#105&#116&#117&#100&#101&#59 &#101&#118&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#108&#121 &#97&#103&#97&#114&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#13&#10&#105&#115 rarely found there.<br> &#66&#121 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#114&#97&#115&#116&#44 &#112&#97&#115&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#105&#110 the area abound with Psilocybe semilanceata during the fall. Given &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#104&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#101&#120&#116&#44 &#105&#116 &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100&#13&#10&#115&#101&#101&#109 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121 that &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#112&#108&#97&#121&#101&#100 &#97&#110 &#105&#109&#112&#111&#114&#116&#97&#110&#116 role as &#97&#13&#10&#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 &#97&#103&#101&#110&#116 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 region (see Figure 58, Chapter 7.4). In light of medieval &#97&#99&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#115 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#112&#114&#97&#99&#116&#105&#99&#101 &#111&#102 witchcraft, <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magicmushroomcowshitmethod.asp" title="Magicmushroomcowshitmethod" alt="Magicmushroomcowshitmethod" >Magicmushroomcowshitmethod</a> it &#105&#115 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#101&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#110&#111&#116&#101&#13&#10&#116&#104&#97&#116 a subjective &#115&#101&#110&#115&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#102&#108&#121&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#114 levitation is among the commonly reported effects &#111&#102&#13&#10&#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 &#105&#110&#116&#111&#120&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#66&#101&#114&#115&#101&#114&#107 &#82&#97&#103&#101 &#111&#102 Nordic Warriors In the course of the ideological power struggle &#98&#101&#116&#119&#101&#101&#110 &#67&#104&#114&#105&#115&#116&#105&#97&#110&#105&#116&#121 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 remnants of pagan religions that worshipped &#78&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101&#44 &#109&#97&#110&#121&#13&#10&#115&#111&#117&#114&#99&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#108&#101&#100&#103&#101 were lost. &#84&#104&#101 &#97&#103&#103&#114&#101&#115&#115&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#105&#111&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#101&#114&#97&#100&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 pre-Christian customs all but &#100&#101&#115&#116&#114&#111&#121&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#117&#105&#116&#121 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#39&#115 original &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108 &#104&#101&#114&#105&#116&#97&#103&#101&#44 &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#119&#105&#116&#104&#13&#10&#109&#117&#99&#104 historic evidence documenting early cultural practices, including the usage of plants and mushrooms &#102&#111&#114 &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#111&#115&#101 &#111&#102 temporary alterations &#111&#102 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#46&#13&#10&#83&#111&#109&#101 &#97&#117&#116&#104&#111&#114&#115 &#119&#101&#110&#116 &#115&#111 far as to blame the fly agaric mushroom for proverbial fits of "berserk rage" attributed to Nordic warriors.<br> Many accounts detailing this phenomenon allude to a "deception of the &#101&#121&#101&#115&#34 &#40&#105&#46&#101&#46 &#118&#105&#115&#117&#97&#108 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#41&#46 After the Nordic legal system banished the practice of "going berserk", &#105&#116 &#100&#105&#115&#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#113&#117&#105&#116&#101 &#115&#117&#100&#100&#101&#110&#108&#121&#13&#10&#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 12th century. At about &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#97&#109&#101 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#44&#13&#10&#83&#97&#120&#111 &#71&#114&#97&#109&#109&#97&#116&#105&#99&#117&#115 speculated that &#116&#104&#101 &#66&#101&#114&#115&#101&#114&#107&#101&#114&#115&#13&#10&#109&#97&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#117&#115&#101&#100 mag </p> <p align="right"> It has been suggested by an Australian physician that &#116&#104&#101 &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#108 www.magicgrowingmushrooms.com &#112&#117&#98&#108&#105&#99 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/kansas+psilocybe.asp" title="Kansas Psilocybe" alt="Kansas Psilocybe" >Kansas Psilocybe</a> &#105&#110 Australia, <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/hallucinogens+shrooms.asp" title="Hallucinogens Shrooms" alt="Hallucinogens Shrooms" >Hallucinogens Shrooms</a> as &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#97&#115 &#109&#101&#109&#98&#101&#114&#115 <i> www.magicgrowingmushrooms.com</i> &#111&#102 its drug using subculture, </p> </p> <p>This document provides complete directions for cultivating psilocybin xican mushroom species, so that these materials need not be repeated in this context. However, certain aspects concerning the more recent uses of these mushrooms as well as their conditions of growth will receive more detailed attention in later chapters. The main purpose of this book is to inspire further study of these mushrooms, particularly basic research efforts and medical applications of magic mushroom ingredients. The extensive bibliography will help scientists and other interested mycophiles to further immerse themselves in this complex area of study. Jochen Gartz Figure 6 - Bronze doors with mushroom motif entitled "Trial and Judgment" at Hildesheim Cathedral, Germany (ca. 1020). CHAPTER 2 REFLECTIONS ON THE HISTORY AND SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF MAGIC MUSHROOMS It is remarkable that cultures native to the American continent knew about a relatively large number of natural mind-altering substances compared to early cultures that evolved in Europe or Asia. Botanical evidence does not support the notion that Europe is home to fewer hallucinogenic plants than other regions. Furthermore, the growing number of recently discovered European mushroom species containing psilocybin indicate a flourishing psychotropic mycoflora in Europe similar to those found in other countries. It is unlikely that early European cultures learned less about local plants and mushrooms through usage and experience than cultures elsewhere in the world. Most likely, early cultural knowledge of European psychoactive plants and mushrooms was lost or destroyed at some time in history, probably as early as several hundred years ago. The discovery that the fly agaric mushroom (Amanita muscaria) was known for its psychoactive properties in Siberia invited the conclusion that this mushroom was used as a psychotropic agent in medieval Europe as well. In fact, there is very little evidence from the Middle Ages to indicate widespread knowledge of the effects of specific mushrooms on human consciousness. However, I believe that past reports on psychoactive mushrooms were causally linked to Amanita muscaria simply because this was the only known psychotropic mushroom in Europe at that time. While the usage of Amanita muscaria among Siberian tribes has generated reports of spectacular hallucinations, European accounts of fly agaric intoxications do not generally include descriptions of such intensely hallucinatory effects. Accordingly, the potent hallucinogenic effects of specific Psilocybes and related species are likely to have had a much more significant influence on early European cultures than the delirium-like visions induced by Amanita muscaria, a species that is also known to induce unconsciousness and severe somatic side effects. This hypothesis is corroborated by data from comprehensive field studies conducted in Mexico. I believe that historic accounts including those described below - indicate a knowledge of <p align="justify"> ecialize in the study of Psilocybes, despite the fact that Psilocybe semilanceata is the most &#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#112&#105&#99&#117&#111&#117&#115 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 among &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#115&#46 &#65&#108&#115&#111&#44 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#108&#111&#118&#101&#114&#115 whose interests are &#110&#111&#116 &#112&#117&#114&#101&#108&#121 &#115&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99 &#40&#115&#101&#101 Chapter 7.4) do not usually preserve their &#107&#110&#111&#119&#108&#101&#100&#103&#101 &#102&#111&#114&#13&#10&#112&#111&#115&#116&#101&#114&#105&#116&#121 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 form of distribution &#109&#97&#112&#115&#46&#13&#10&#72&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#105&#115 &#111&#110&#101 map from 1986, which shows the distribution pattern of Psilocybe semilanceata across &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121 &#40&#115&#101&#101 &#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#50&#48&#44 p. 28). Almost no published &#105&#110&#102&#111&#114&#109&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#115 &#97&#118&#97&#105&#108&#97&#98&#108&#101&#13&#10&#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101 Psilocybe species have been found in eastern Germany. During my own field trips, I have discovered Psilocybe semilanceata specimens &#105&#110 &#118&#97&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#44 &#115&#117&#99&#104&#13&#10&#97&#115 near my &#104&#111&#109&#101&#116&#111&#119&#110 &#111&#102 &#77&#97&#110&#115&#102&#101&#108&#100 &#105&#110 the &#86&#111&#114&#104&#97&#114&#122&#13&#10&#77&#111&#117&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#44 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#114&#115&#104&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115 of &#68&#117&#98&#101&#110 &#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#97&#115&#13&#10&#105&#110 other &#101&#97&#115&#116&#101&#114&#110 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110 &#109&#97&#114&#115&#104&#108&#97&#110&#100 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115&#46 In addition, &#102&#114&#105&#101&#110&#100&#115 &#119&#104&#111 &#97&#114&#101 &#97&#108&#115&#111 mycologists have told me about &#102&#105&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#105&#110 other parts of the country. A book &#112&#117&#98&#108&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#49&#57&#53&#50 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#97&#109&#111&#110&#103 the rare sources that includes details about specimens &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#111&#117&#116&#104&#101&#97&#115&#116&#101&#114&#110 state of Saxony (see Figure 16, p. 23). The Psilocybe species grow most abundantly on wet pastures surrounded by forest areas.<br> In my experience, &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#13&#10&#103&#114&#111&#119&#115 &#105&#110 &#109&#111&#115&#116 of Germany's forestlands. The species &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116&#115 &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#97&#108&#108&#44 from late September through October. &#73&#116 &#102&#97&#118&#111&#114&#115 &#97&#99&#105&#100&#105&#99 &#115&#111&#105&#108 and grassy terrain alongside trails or around the edges &#111&#102&#13&#10&#102&#111&#114&#101&#115&#116 &#108&#97&#110&#100&#115&#46 &#83&#112&#101&#99&#105&#109&#101&#110&#115 &#97&#114&#101 generally clustered &#105&#110&#13&#10&#115&#109&#97&#108&#108 &#103&#114&#111&#117&#112&#115 &#111&#102 &#51&#48 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 or less. &#68&#101&#101&#114&#13&#10&#100&#114&#111&#112&#112&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#111&#114 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#97&#110&#105&#109&#97&#108 feces are usually present &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#44 &#101&#118&#101&#110 though the mushrooms never grow directly on top of dung.<br> Occasionally, extremely stunted specimens may be found in the mountains by the side of the &#114&#111&#97&#100&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#115&#111&#105&#108 &#98&#101&#108&#111&#119 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magic+mushroom+drug+test.asp" title="Magic Mushroom Drug Test" alt="Magic Mushroom Drug Test" >Magic Mushroom Drug Test</a> &#111&#108&#100&#101&#114 cow pastures provides an excellent medium for extensive mycelial growth.<br> In some locations, large areas yield an abundance &#111&#102 &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#98&#111&#100&#105&#101&#115&#44 &#109&#105&#114&#114&#111&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 extent of mycelial saturation in the soil. Given adequate moisture, maximum yields can &#98&#101 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100&#44 &#105&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#112&#97&#115&#116&#117&#114&#101 was grazed at least once <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/mushrocksgrowkit.asp" title="Mushrocksgrowkit" alt="Mushrocksgrowkit" >Mushrocksgrowkit</a> during the weeks before fruiting season. &#72&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#13&#10&#97&#108&#115&#111 &#116&#104&#114&#105&#118&#101 under similar conditions on horse and sheep pastures. Such grassy areas inside forests are usually grazing areas for deer, &#119&#104&#111 &#112&#114&#111&#118&#105&#100&#101&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#115&#111&#105&#108 &#119&#105&#116&#104 additional &#102&#101&#114&#116&#105&#108&#105&#122&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 &#72&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#100&#111&#101&#115 not grow in locations where artificial fertilizer &#104&#97&#115 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#117&#115&#101&#100&#46 &#83&#117&#99&#104&#13&#10&#112&#97&#115&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 are &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#102&#108&#97&#110&#107&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#99&#114&#101&#101&#107&#115 &#111&#114 swamp lands, &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#115&#97&#116&#117&#114&#97&#116&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#111&#105&#108 with water.<br> During the summertime, &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#97&#114&#109 &#99&#108&#105&#109&#97&#116&#101 &#105&#110 these wet areas provides an excellent environment for optimal mycelial growth. In Germany, the mushroom's habitat ranges from &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#111&#97&#115&#116&#97&#108 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#109&#111&#117&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110&#111&#117&#115 regions, &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#104&#97&#115 been found at altitudes &#111&#102 &#117&#112 &#116&#111 &#49&#44&#55&#50&#48 m &#40&#53&#44&#49&#54&#48 &#102&#116&#41 &#97&#98&#111&#118&#101&#13&#10&#115&#101&#97 &#108&#101&#118&#101&#108 (MTB-8443, 1985). In the former Czechoslovakia, samples have &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#108&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#97&#116&#13&#10&#97&#108&#116&#105&#116&#117&#100&#101&#115 &#114&#97&#110&#103&#105&#110&#103 &#102&#114&#111&#109 330 &#116&#111 &#49&#44&#48&#48&#48 &#109 <H2> mushrooms with bronze caps</H2> &#40&#49&#44&#48&#48&#48 - </p> xican mushroom species, so that these materials need not be repeated in this context. However, certain aspects concerning the more recent uses of these mushrooms as well as their conditions of growth will receive more detailed attention in later chapters. The main purpose of this book is to inspire further study of these mushrooms, particularly basic research efforts and medical applications of magic mushroom ingredients. The extensive bibliography will help scientists and other interested mycophiles to further immerse themselves in this complex area of study. Jochen Gartz Figure 6 - Bronze doors with mushroom motif entitled "Trial and Judgment" at Hildesheim Cathedral, Germany (ca. 1020). CHAPTER 2 REFLECTIONS ON THE HISTORY AND SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF MAGIC MUSHROOMS It is remarkable that cultures native to the American continent knew about a relatively large number of natural mind-altering substances compared to early cultures that evolved in Europe or Asia. Botanical evidence does not support the notion that Europe is home to fewer hallucinogenic plants than other regions. Furthermore, the growing number of recently discovered European mushroom species containing psilocybin indicate a flourishing psychotropic mycoflora in Europe similar to those found in other countries. It is unlikely that early European cultures learned less about local plants and mushrooms through usage and experience than cultures elsewhere in the world. Most likely, early cultural knowledge of European psychoactive plants and mushrooms was lost or destroyed at some time in history, probably as early as several hundred years ago. The discovery that the fly agaric mushroom (Amanita muscaria) was known for its psychoactive properties in Siberia invited the conclusion that this mushroom was used as a psychotropic agent in medieval Europe as well. In fact, there is very little evidence from the Middle Ages to indicate widespread knowledge of the effects of specific mushrooms on human consciousness. However, I believe that past reports on psychoactive mushrooms were causally linked to Amanita muscaria simply because this was the only known psychotropic mushroom in Europe at that time. While the usage of Amanita muscaria among Siberian tribes has generated reports of spectacular hallucinations, European accounts of fly agaric intoxications do not generally include descriptions of such intensely hallucinatory effects. Accordingly, the potent hallucinogenic effects of specific Psilocybes and related species are likely to have had a much more significant influence on early European cultures than the delirium-like visions induced by Amanita muscaria, a species that is also known to induce unconsciousness and severe somatic side effects. This hypothesis is corroborated by data from comprehensive field studies conducted in Mexico. I believe that historic accounts including those described below - indicate a knowledge of <p align="left"> went in waves. Increasingly, all colors &#105&#110 &#104&#101&#114&#13&#10&#105&#109&#109&#101&#100&#105&#97&#116&#101 &#115&#117&#114&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#99&#111&#97&#108&#101&#115&#99&#101&#100 into shades &#111&#102&#13&#10&#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 fearsome; &#116&#104&#101 &#104&#101&#97&#100&#115&#13&#10&#111&#102 &#109&#111&#110&#115&#116&#101&#114&#115 &#98&#101&#99&#97&#109&#101 visible and a wall opened up into an &#97&#98&#121&#115&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#119&#97&#115 &#97 succession of human figure with animal heads.<br> The next day, &#101&#118&#101&#114&#121&#116&#104&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#119&#97&#115 &#98&#97&#99&#107 &#116&#111 &#110&#111&#114&#109&#97&#108&#46 The oldest child (age 14) also saw her parents' hair color turn green, &#104&#97&#100 &#100&#105&#108&#97&#116&#101&#100&#13&#10&#112&#117&#112&#105&#108&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#119&#97&#116&#99&#104&#101&#100 geometric shapes &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114 &#111&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#119&#97&#108&#108&#46 &#84&#104&#101 youngest child (age 11) experienced cramps &#97&#110&#100 &#108&#111&#115&#116&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#46&#13&#10&#73&#110 &#49&#57&#54&#48&#44 &#83&#105&#110&#103&#101&#114 and Guzman suggested that Panaeolus cyanescens might contain psilocybin, &#98&#101&#99&#97&#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#110&#115&#101 &#98&#108&#117&#101 staining they had observed. It wasn't until after the intoxications in &#77&#101&#110&#116&#111&#110 &#104&#97&#100 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#112&#117&#98&#108&#105&#99&#105&#122&#101&#100&#44 that a research team working with A. Hofmann detected 0.2% of &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#46&#13&#10&#67&#111&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101&#114&#105&#110&#103 the powerful effects, however, &#116&#104&#105&#115&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#99&#101&#110&#116&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#115 &#116&#111 &#98&#101 too low &#116&#111 &#99&#97&#117&#115&#101 &#115&#117&#99&#104&#13&#10&#105&#109&#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#105&#118&#101 &#114&#101&#97&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#46 Later on, Sandoz Laboratories &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/prevent+mushrooms+on+cattle+dung.asp" title="Prevent Mushrooms On Cattle Dung" alt="Prevent Mushrooms On Cattle Dung" >Prevent Mushrooms On Cattle Dung</a> &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#101&#118&#101&#108 &#111&#102 psilocybin &#105&#110&#13&#10&#100&#114&#105&#101&#100 &#115&#97&#109&#112&#108&#101&#115 &#97&#115 &#48&#46&#56&#37&#44 along with &#49&#46&#50&#37 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#105&#110&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#108&#101&#118&#101&#108 &#111&#102 psilocin, however, may have been falsely elevated &#98&#121 &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#111&#102 serotonin and its &#100&#101&#114&#105&#118&#97&#116&#101&#115 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 sample <b>MUSHROOMS WHILE VISION MUSHROOMS</b> that was being &#116&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100&#46&#13&#10&#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#83&#116&#105&#106&#118&#101&#44 &#97 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 sample collected by J.W. Allen in Thailand contained 0.4% - 1.05% of psilocin, &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#111&#110&#108&#121 &#116&#114&#97&#99&#101&#13&#10&#97&#109&#111&#117&#110&#116&#115 &#111&#102 psilocybin; &#115&#101&#114&#111&#116&#111&#110&#105&#110 &#119&#97&#115 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#116 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#108&#97&#114&#103&#101 amounts, comparable to concentrations found &#105&#110 &#97&#108&#108 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#65&#112&#112&#97&#114&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121&#44 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 cyanescens produces more psilocin than psilocybin.<br> Still, &#73&#13&#10&#119&#97&#115 &#97&#98&#108&#101 &#116&#111 &#100&#101&#116&#101&#99&#116 0.4% of &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 &#105&#110 &#109&#121&#99&#101&#108&#105&#97&#13&#10&#99&#117&#108&#116&#105&#118&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#111&#110 &#109&#97&#108&#116 agar, with no &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#105&#110&#100&#111&#108&#101&#13&#10&#99&#111&#109&#112&#111&#117&#110&#100&#115 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#101&#110&#116&#46&#13&#10&#68&#105&#115&#99&#117&#115&#115&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 the Panaeolus species would &#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110 &#105&#110&#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101 &#119&#105&#116&#104&#111&#117&#116 &#112&#111&#105&#110&#116&#105&#110&#103 out that those subjectively terrifying psychoses reported in 1965 cannot be attributed to a specific mushroom &#105&#110&#103&#114&#101&#100&#105&#101&#110&#116&#44 &#98&#117&#116 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121&#13&#10&#112&#114&#101&#99&#105&#112&#105&#116&#97&#116&#101&#100 by the circumstances (set and setting) surrounding the incident. The effects described by J. Allen &#105&#110 &#72&#97&#119&#97&#105&#105 &#97&#102&#116&#101&#114 &#101&#97&#116&#105&#110&#103 20 specimens paint a different picture altogether: With radio music &#112&#108&#97&#121&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#111&#102&#116&#108&#121 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#100&#97&#114&#107&#44 euphoria &#98&#101&#103&#97&#110 &#116&#111 &#99&#111&#109&#101 &#111&#110 in waves. After 20 minutes, visions &#98&#101&#99&#97&#109&#101 &#115&#111 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#110&#115&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116 I tried to close my eyes. Whenever 1 did close my eyes, my &#101&#121&#101&#108&#105&#100&#115 &#102&#101&#108&#116 &#97&#115 &#105&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#121 were being sprayed from the outside. Colors were sharp and clear, but I always quickly opened my eyes &#97&#103&#97&#105&#110&#46 &#67&#111&#108&#111&#114&#115&#13&#10&#119&#101&#114&#101 &#100&#97&#110&#99&#105&#110&#103 &#108&#105&#107&#101 laser beams to the rhythm of the music. The stars &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#107&#121 &#97&#115&#115&#101&#109&#98&#108&#101&#100 in clusters that reached all the way into my soul. I was a &#108&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#115&#99&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 idea &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#111&#99&#101&#97&#110&#13&#10&#119&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#109&#105&#103&#104&#116 rush up &#97&#108&#108 &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#97&#121 &#105&#110&#116&#111 our hut. Other &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#44 &#102&#101&#101&#108&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#111&#102 euphoria were overwhelming. At &#116&#105&#109&#101&#115&#44 &#73 &#119&#97&#115 &#111&#118&#101&#114&#99&#111&#109&#101 by fits of laughter. That &#110&#105&#103&#104&#116&#44 &#73 &#115&#108&#101&#112&#116 &#108&#105&#107&#101 "a prince ". The following &#109&#111&#114&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#73 &#103&#97&#116&#104&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#117&#112 my belongings and &#104&#97&#100 &#116&#111 &#119&#97&#108&#107 &#98&#97&#99&#107 across the pasture where I had collected &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#97&#121 before. I noticed a &#108&#111&#116 &#111 </p> <p align="center"> a have been &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#114&#105&#101&#115&#58 Finland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, The Netherlands, Belgium, France, Russia, &#80&#111&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#101&#114 &#67&#122&#101&#99&#104&#111&#115&#108&#111&#118&#97&#107&#105&#97&#44&#13&#10&#72&#117&#110&#103&#97&#114&#121&#44 Romania, Scotland, England, &#87&#97&#108&#101&#115&#44&#13&#10&#73&#116&#97&#108&#121 &#97&#110&#100 &#83&#112&#97&#105&#110&#46&#13&#10&#85&#110&#102&#111&#114&#116&#117&#110&#97&#116&#101&#108&#121&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 are no comprehensive maps detailing the species's distribution &#112&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114&#110&#46 &#84&#114&#97&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115&#13&#10&#104&#97&#118&#101 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 neglected relatively tiny species, such as Psilocybe semilanceata, that tend to share their habitats &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#109&#111&#114&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#109&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 species. The sarcastic phrase "The mushrooms occur &#105&#110&#13&#10&#97&#98&#117&#110&#100&#97&#110&#99&#101 &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101&#118&#101&#114 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#110&#100&#34 is particularly pertinent in reference to the Psilocybe species. Prior to the discovery of &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#103&#101&#110&#117&#115 &#108&#97&#110&#103&#117&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 &#105&#110 the literature, shrouded in obscurity.<br> To &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#100&#97&#121&#44 &#102&#101&#119&#13&#10&#49&#56&#57&#46 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 semilanceata Fr. Worthless] The cap is uniformly conic to bell-shaped, with a &#112&#111&#105&#110&#116&#121 &#111&#114 &#111&#98&#116&#117&#115&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114 forming an almost wart-like protrusion; initially, &#99&#97&#112&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#116&#97&#108&#108&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#97&#110 they are &#119&#105&#100&#101&#44 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101 &#98&#101&#110&#116 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#117&#114&#118&#101&#100 inward; later on, width of cap is 1.5-4 cm. Hygrophanous; coloration is a dirtyish olive-brown &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#119&#101&#116&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#117&#99&#101&#110&#116 striate margins; at the center, coloration is ocher or greenish-yellow against &#97&#110 &#111&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108&#108 &#115&#104&#97&#100&#101 &#111&#102 smudgy pale <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/findingshroomsincowshit.asp" title="Findingshroomsincowshit" alt="Findingshroomsincowshit" >Findingshroomsincowshit</a> yellow and oftentimes some greenish stains; only the margins are banded by &#97 &#100&#97&#114&#107&#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100&#44 &#119&#97&#116&#101&#114&#121&#13&#10&#115&#116&#114&#105&#112&#101 &#97&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 the &#101&#100&#103&#101&#46 &#78&#111 &#115&#116&#114&#105&#112&#101&#115 &#111&#114 banding evident when mushrooms &#97&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101&#108&#121&#13&#10&#100&#114&#105&#101&#100&#46 &#76&#97&#99&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#97 veil, caps &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#105&#110&#45&#102&#108&#101&#115&#104&#101&#100&#44 &#98&#97&#108&#100&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 an easily &#115&#101&#112&#97&#114&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#112&#101&#108&#108&#105&#99&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#115 &#103&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#110&#111&#117&#115&#45&#115&#116&#105&#99&#107&#121 for a long time, turning shiny when dry.<br> Gills &#97&#114&#101 &#111&#108&#105&#118&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111 blackish purple brown in color, &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#100&#103&#101&#115 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103 white, gill spacing is quite crowded; &#103&#105&#108&#108 &#97&#116&#116&#97&#99&#104&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#105&#115 &#101&#105&#116&#104&#101&#114 roughly linear or mostly adnexed; up to 3.5 mm wide; attached at the stem only, &#102&#117&#108&#108&#121 &#100&#101&#116&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115 are &#101&#108&#111&#110&#103&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#101&#108&#108&#105&#112&#105&#116&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#105&#110 shape, smooth &#97&#110&#100 &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101&#44 &#109&#101&#97&#115&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#49&#50&#45&#49&#54 u by 6-8,u. Color of spore dust is blackish purple brown. Stem is very slender, almost uniformly thin and always twisted, 6-12 cm long and 1.25-2 mm thick, yellowish or &#119&#104&#105&#116&#105&#115&#104 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#59 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 subjected to pressure develop bluishgreen stains. Stems are silky smooth and &#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44 &#99&#111&#114&#116&#105&#110&#97&#116&#101 fibrils appear like remnants of &#97 &#118&#101&#105&#108&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#105&#115 brittle and &#108&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101 fibrous cord of wool-like texture. When dry, the flesh &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100 pale yellow, while the &#115&#116&#101&#109&#39&#115 &#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#111&#99&#104&#101&#114 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 in &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 <b> Fp</b> &#101&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#116&#111&#119&#97&#114&#100&#115 &#116&#104&#101 bottom. It is odorless &#97&#110&#100 &#105&#116&#115 &#102&#108&#97&#118&#111&#114 &#105&#115 mild.<br> The mushroom grows from August to October, frequently in gregarious clusters, and can be found in pastures and along roadways, growing on dung that has undergone complete decomposition. It is not a particularly rare species. Figure 11(above) This excellent description of Psilocybe semilanceata by Michael & Schulz (1927) is shown here &#97&#115 &#111&#114&#105&#103&#105&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#112&#117&#98&#108&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 &#105&#110 German, with an English &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#13&#10&#77&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#115&#112&#97 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 reported from the following countries: &#70&#105&#110&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#78&#111&#114&#119&#97&#121&#44&#13&#10&#83&#119&#101&#100&#101&#110&#44 &#68&#101&#110&#109&#97&#114&#107&#44 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#44 &#83&#119&#105&#116&#122&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44&#13&#10&#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#44 The Netherlands, &#66&#101&#108&#103&#105&#117&#109&#44 &#70&#114&#97&#110&#99&#101&#44&#13&#10&#82&#117&#115&#115&#105&#97&#44 &#80&#111&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#116&#104&#101 former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Scotland, England, Wales, Italy and Spain. Unfortunately, there &#97&#114&#101 &#110&#111 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#114&#101&#104&#101&#110&#115&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#109&#97&#112&#115 &#100&#101&#116&#97&#105&#108&#105&#110&#103 the species's distribution pattern. Traditionally, mycologists have often neglected relatively tiny species, &#115&#117&#99&#104&#13&#10&#97&#115 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#44 &#116&#104&#97&#116 tend to share their habitats with other, more prominent species. The sarcastic Fp phrase "The mushrooms occur in abundance wherever mycologists abound" is particularly pertinent in reference to the Psilocybe species.<br> Prior to the discovery of psilocybin, the Psilocybe genus &#108&#97&#110&#103&#117&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#105&#116&#101&#114&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101&#44&#13&#10&#115&#104&#114&#111&#117&#100&#101&#100 in obscurity. To this &#100&#97&#121&#44 &#102&#101&#119&#13&#10&#49&#56&#57&#46 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 Fr. Worthless] The cap is uniformly &#99&#111&#110&#105&#99 &#116&#111 &#98&#101&#108&#108&#45&#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#100&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 a pointy or obtuse center forming an almost wart-like protrusion; initially, caps are often taller &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#114&#101 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#44 margins are bent and curved inward; later on, width of cap is 1.5-4 cm. Hygrophanous; coloration is a dirtyish olive-brown when wet, &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#117&#99&#101&#110&#116 &#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#116&#101 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115&#59 at the center, coloration is &#111&#99&#104&#101&#114 &#111&#114 &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#105&#115&#104&#45&#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119 &#97&#103&#97&#105&#110&#115&#116 an overall shade caerulipes of smudgy pale yellow and oftentimes some greenish stains; only the margins are &#98&#97&#110&#100&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#97 &#100&#97&#114&#107&#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100&#44 watery stripe around the edge. No stripes or &#98&#97&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 are completely dried. Lacking a veil, caps are &#116&#104&#105&#110&#45&#102&#108&#101&#115&#104&#101&#100&#44 &#98&#97&#108&#100&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97&#110 easily separable pellicle that remains gelatinous-sticky for a long time, turning shiny when dry. Gills &#97&#114&#101 &#111&#108&#105&#118&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 purple brown in color, with the edges often remaining &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101&#44 &#103&#105&#108&#108 &#115&#112&#97&#99&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#115 quite crowded; gill attachment &#105&#115 &#101&#105&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 &#108&#105&#110&#101&#97&#114 or mostly adnexed; up to 3.5 mm wide; &#97&#116&#116&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#101&#109 only, fully &#100&#101&#116&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#114&#101 elongated to ellipitical in shape, smooth &#97&#110&#100 &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101&#44 &#109&#101&#97&#115&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#49&#50&#45&#49&#54 u by 6-8,u. Color of &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101 &#100&#117&#115&#116 &#105&#115 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 purple brown. Stem is very slender, almost uniformly thin and always twisted, &#54&#45&#49&#50 &#99&#109 &#108&#111&#110&#103 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#49&#46&#50&#53&#45&#50 &#109&#109 thick, yellowish or whitish in color; areas &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#117&#114&#101 &#100&#101&#118&#101&#108&#111&#112 bluishgreen stains. Stems are silky smooth &#97&#110&#100 &#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 center, cortinate fibrils appear like remnants of a veil, which is brittle and lined &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101 &#102&#105&#98&#114&#111&#117&#115 cord &#111&#102 &#119&#111&#111&#108&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#116&#101&#120&#116&#117&#114&#101&#46&#13&#10&#87&#104&#101&#110 &#100&#114&#121&#44 &#116&#104&#101 flesh of the &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100 &#112&#97&#108&#101 yellow, while the stem's flesh is ocher brown &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 &#101&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#116&#111&#119&#97&#114&#100&#115 &#116&#104&#101 bottom. It is odorless and its flavor is mild. The mushroom grows from August to October, frequently in gregarious clusters, and can be found in pastures and along roadways, growing &#111&#110 &#100&#117&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#104&#97&#115 undergone complete decomposition. It is not a particularly rare species. Figure 11(above) This &#101&#120&#99&#101&#108&#108&#101&#110&#116 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#112&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 semilanceata by Michael & Schulz (1927) is shown here as &#111&#114&#105&#103&#105&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#112&#117&#98&#108&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#44 with an English &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#13&#10&#77&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#115&#112&#97 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 from the following countries: Finland, &#78&#111&#114&#119&#97&#121&#44&#13&#10&#83&#119&#101&#100&#101&#110&#44 &#68&#101&#110&#109&#97&#114&#107&#44 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#44 &#83&#119&#105&#116&#122&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44&#13&#10&#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#44 The Netherlands, Belgium, France, Russia, Poland, the former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, &#82&#111&#109&#97&#110&#105&#97&#44 &#83&#99&#111&#116&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#87&#97&#108&#101&#115&#44&#13&#10&#73&#116&#97&#108&#121 &#97&#110&#100 Spain. Unfortunately, there are no comprehensive maps detailing the species's distribution pattern. &#84&#114&#97&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115&#13&#10&#104&#97&#118&#101 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#110&#101&#103&#108&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 relatively tiny species, such as Psilocybe semilanceata, &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#101&#110&#100 &#116&#111 &#115&#104&#97&#114&#101 their habitats with other, &#109&#111&#114&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#109&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#13&#10&#115&#97&#114&#99&#97&#115&#116&#105&#99 phrase &#34&#84&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#97&#98&#117&#110&#100&#97&#110&#99&#101 wherever &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#110&#100&#34 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#112&#101&#114&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 in reference to the Psilocybe species. Prior &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#121 &#111&#102 psilocybin, the Psilocybe genus languished in the literature, shrouded in obscurity. &#84&#111 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#100&#97&#121&#44 &#102&#101&#119&#13&#10&#49&#56&#57&#46 Psilocybe semilanceata Fr. Worthless The &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 &#117&#110&#105&#102&#111&#114&#109&#108&#121 &#99&#111&#110&#105&#99 to bell-shaped, &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97 &#112&#111&#105&#110&#116&#121 &#111&#114 &#111&#98&#116&#117&#115&#101 center &#102&#111&#114&#109&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#97&#110 &#97&#108&#109&#111&#115&#116 &#119&#97&#114&#116&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#116&#114&#117&#115&#105&#111&#110&#59 initially, caps are often &#116&#97&#108&#108&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#114&#101 wide, margins are bent and &#99&#117&#114&#118&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#119&#97&#114&#100&#59 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#111&#110&#44 &#119&#105&#100&#116&#104 of &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 &#49&#46&#53&#45&#52 &#99&#109&#46 Hygrophanous; coloration is a dirtyish olive-brown &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#119&#101&#116&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#117&#99&#101&#110&#116 striate margins; &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44&#13&#10&#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#115 ocher or greenish-yellow against an overall shade of smudgy &#112&#97&#108&#101 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 &#115&#111&#109&#101 greenish stains; only &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#98&#97&#110&#100&#101&#100 by a darkcolored, watery stripe &#97&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#100&#103&#101&#46 &#78&#111 stripes or &#98&#97&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 are &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101&#108&#121&#13&#10&#100&#114&#105&#101&#100&#46 &#76&#97&#99&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#97 &#118&#101&#105&#108&#44 caps are thin-fleshed, bald, with an easily separable pellicle that remains &#103&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#110&#111&#117&#115&#45&#115&#116&#105&#99&#107&#121 &#102&#111&#114 &#97 &#108&#111&#110&#103 time, turning shiny &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#100&#114&#121&#46&#13&#10&#71&#105&#108&#108&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#111&#108&#105&#118&#101 brown to blackish purple brown &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#100&#103&#101&#115 often remaining &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101&#44 &#103&#105&#108&#108 &#115&#112&#97&#99&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#115 quite crowded; gill attachment is either roughly linear or mostly adnexed; up to &#51&#46&#53 &#109&#109 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#59 &#97&#116&#116&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 at the stem only, fully detached later on. Spores are elongated to &#101&#108&#108&#105&#112&#105&#116&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#105&#110 &#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#44 &#115&#109&#111&#111&#116&#104 and large, measuring &#49&#50&#45&#49&#54 &#117&#13&#10&#98&#121 &#54&#45&#56&#44&#117&#46 &#67&#111&#108&#111&#114 of spore dust is &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#116&#101&#109 &#105&#115 very slender, almost &#117&#110&#105&#102&#111&#114&#109&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#105&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#108&#119&#97&#121&#115 twisted, 6-12 cm long and 1.25-2 mm thick, yellowish or whitish in color; areas subjected to pressure develop bluishgreen stains. Stems are &#115&#105&#108&#107&#121 &#115&#109&#111&#111&#116&#104 &#97&#110&#100 &#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 at &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44 &#99&#111&#114&#116&#105&#110&#97&#116&#101 &#102&#105&#98&#114&#105&#108&#115 appear &#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#110&#97&#110&#116&#115 &#111&#102 &#97 &#118&#101&#105&#108&#44 which &#105&#115 &#98&#114&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#108&#105&#110&#101&#100 with a white fibrous cord of &#119&#111&#111&#108&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#116&#101&#120&#116&#117&#114&#101&#46&#13&#10&#87&#104&#101&#110 &#100&#114&#121&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 of the cap is colored pale &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#101&#109&#39&#115 flesh is ocher &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 &#101&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 towards the bottom. It is odorless and &#105&#116&#115 &#102&#108&#97&#118&#111&#114 &#105&#115 &#109&#105&#108&#100&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 mushroom grows from August to October, frequently in gregarious clusters, and can be &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#105&#110 &#112&#97&#115&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 along roadways, &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#110 &#100&#117&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#97&#116 has &#117&#110&#100&#101&#114&#103&#111&#110&#101 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#99&#111&#109&#112&#111&#115&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 &#73&#116 &#105&#115 not &#97 &#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#114&#97&#114&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 11(above) &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#101&#120&#99&#101&#108&#108&#101&#110&#116 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#112&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 Psilocybe semilanceata by Michael & Schulz (1927) is shown here as originally published in &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97&#110 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#105&#115&#104 translation. Mycologists spa have been reported from the &#102&#111&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#114&#105&#101&#115&#58 &#70&#105&#110&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#78&#111&#114&#119&#97&#121&#44&#13&#10&#83&#119&#101&#100&#101&#110&#44 Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, &#84&#104&#101 &#78&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115&#44 &#66&#101&#108&#103&#105&#117&#109&#44 &#70&#114&#97&#110&#99&#101&#44&#13&#10&#82&#117&#115&#115&#105&#97&#44 Poland, the former &#67&#122&#101&#99&#104&#111&#115&#108&#111&#118&#97&#107&#105&#97&#44&#13&#10&#72&#117&#110&#103&#97&#114&#121&#44 &#82&#111&#109&#97&#110&#105&#97&#44 &#83&#99&#111&#116&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 Wales, Italy and Spain.<br> Unfortunately, there are no comprehensive maps &#100&#101&#116&#97&#105&#108&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#39&#115&#13&#10&#100&#105&#115&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#112&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114&#110&#46 Traditionally, mycologists have often neglected relatively tiny &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 &#115&#117&#99&#104&#13&#10&#97&#115 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#44 that tend to share their habitats with other, more prominent species. The sarcastic phrase &#34&#84&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#97&#98&#117&#110&#100&#97&#110&#99&#101 &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101&#118&#101&#114 mycologists abound" is particularly pertinent in reference to the Psilocybe species. Prior to the discovery &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#103&#101&#110&#117&#115 languished in the literature, shrouded &#105&#110 &#111&#98&#115&#99&#117&#114&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#84&#111 &#116&#104&#105&#115 day, few 189.<br> Psilocybe semilanceata Fr. Worthless The cap is uniformly conic to bell-shaped, with a pointy &#111&#114 &#111&#98&#116&#117&#115&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#97&#110 almost wart-like protrusion; initially, caps are often taller than they are wide, margins are <b> www.magicgrowingmushrooms.com</b> bent and &#99&#117&#114&#118&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#119&#97&#114&#100&#59 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#111&#110&#44 width of cap is 1.5-4 cm. Hygrophanous; coloration is a &#100&#105&#114&#116&#121&#105&#115&#104 &#111&#108&#105&#118&#101&#45&#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#119&#101&#116&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 translucent striate &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115&#59 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44&#13&#10&#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 is &#111&#99&#104&#101&#114 &#111&#114 &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#105&#115&#104&#45&#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119 &#97&#103&#97&#105&#110&#115&#116 an overall shade &#111&#102 &#115&#109&#117&#100&#103&#121 &#112&#97&#108&#101 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119 and oftentimes some greenish stains; only the margins are &#98&#97&#110&#100&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#97 &#100&#97&#114&#107&#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100&#44 watery stripe &#97&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#100&#103&#101&#46 &#78&#111 &#115&#116&#114&#105&#112&#101&#115 or banding evident &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101&#108&#121&#13&#10&#100&#114&#105&#101&#100&#46 &#76&#97&#99&#107&#105&#110&#103 a veil, caps are thin-fleshed, bald, with &#97&#110 &#101&#97&#115&#105&#108&#121 &#115&#101&#112&#97&#114&#97&#98&#108&#101 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magic+mushroom+cow+shit+method.asp" title="Magic Mushroom Cow Shit Method" alt="Magic Mushroom Cow Shit Method" >Magic Mushroom Cow Shit Method</a> &#112&#101&#108&#108&#105&#99&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#115 gelatinous-sticky for a long time, turning &#115&#104&#105&#110&#121 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#100&#114&#121&#46&#13&#10&#71&#105&#108&#108&#115 &#97&#114&#101 olive brown to blackish purple brown &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101 edges often remaining white, &#103&#105&#108&#108 &#115&#112&#97&#99&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#115 &#113&#117&#105&#116&#101 crowded; gill &#97&#116&#116&#97&#99&#104&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#105&#115 &#101&#105&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 linear or mostly adnexed; up to 3.5 mm wide; attached at the stem only, fully detached &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#101&#108&#111&#110&#103&#97&#116&#101&#100 to ellipitical in &#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#44 &#115&#109&#111&#111&#116&#104 &#97&#110&#100 &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101&#44 measuring &#49&#50&#45&#49&#54 &#117&#13&#10&#98&#121 &#54&#45&#56&#44&#117&#46 &#67&#111&#108&#111&#114 of spore dust is blackish purple brown. Stem is very slender, almost &#117&#110&#105&#102&#111&#114&#109&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#105&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#108&#119&#97&#121&#115 twisted, 6-12 cm &#108&#111&#110&#103 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#49&#46&#50&#53&#45&#50 &#109&#109 &#116&#104&#105&#99&#107&#44 yellowish &#111&#114 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#105&#115&#104 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#59 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 subjected to pressure develop bluishgreen stains. &#83&#116&#101&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#115&#105&#108&#107&#121 &#115&#109&#111&#111&#116&#104 and &#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44 &#99&#111&#114&#116&#105&#110&#97&#116&#101 &#102&#105&#98&#114&#105&#108&#115 appear like remnants of a &#118&#101&#105&#108&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#105&#115 &#98&#114&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101 and lined with a &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101 &#102&#105&#98&#114&#111&#117&#115 &#99&#111&#114&#100 &#111&#102 wool-like texture.<br> When dry, the flesh of the &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100 &#112&#97&#108&#101 yellow, while the stem's flesh is ocher brown in &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 &#101&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#116&#111&#119&#97&#114&#100&#115 &#116&#104&#101 bottom.<br> It is &#111&#100&#111&#114&#108&#101&#115&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#105&#116&#115 &#102&#108&#97&#118&#111&#114 is mild.<br> The mushroom grows from &#65&#117&#103&#117&#115&#116 &#116&#111 &#79&#99&#116&#111&#98&#101&#114&#44 &#102&#114&#101&#113&#117&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121 in gregarious clusters, and can be found in pastures &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#114&#111&#97&#100&#119&#97&#121&#115&#44 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#110 dung that has undergone complete decomposition. It is not a particularly &#114&#97&#114&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#49&#49&#40&#97&#98&#111&#118&#101&#41 &#84&#104&#105&#115 excellent description of Psilocybe &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#98&#121 &#77&#105&#99&#104&#97&#101&#108 &#38 Schulz (1927) is shown here &#97&#115 &#111&#114&#105&#103&#105&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#112&#117&#98&#108&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 &#105&#110 German, with an English translation. Mycologists sp </p> ed and large numbers of studies were conducted, primarily with LSD. These investigators sought to discover the receptor binding sites for hallucinogenic compounds in the brain and to understand the mechanisms underlying the genesis of psychedelic visions. Today, we still lack a sound theoretical framework able to explain the relationship between chemical compounds and the manifestation of their psychoactivity. Even though basic research is certainly important, its methods, unfortunately, are often a function of a rather one-sided pharmacological approach to investigating the effects of psilocybin, LSD and mescaline - an approach that is, in fact, too narrow to address the remarkably unusual nature of these substances and their effects. Misunderstandings between pharmacologists and toxicologists on the one hand and psychiatrists and psychologists on the other can often be traced all the way back to the 1950's, creating a legacy of disputes and arguments that have yet to be resolved. S. Grof undertook the tedious task of analyzing 5,000 experimental LSD protocols in an effort to isolate "absolute" symptoms that are reported or occur all of the time. His results were negative. According to Grof, hallucinogenic substances are non-specific triggers causing a sequence of altered states of consciousness, which do not fit the syndrome labeled "toxic psychosis". Rather, it is the individual's personality, along with the experimental setting that significantly shape the nature of the psychedelic experience. This view is shared by a majority of experts with considerable experience in conducting psychedelics-assisted psychotherapy. Even "real" somatic symptoms, such as nausea or vomiting, can often be controlled through psychological intervention techniques administered by trained professionals. A Plethora of Names The broad range of possible experiences inspired the use of labels other than "hallucinogens", with widely differing semantic connotations: entheogens, psychedelics, illusionogens, psycholytics, psychomimetics, psychodysleptica, psychoemetics and others. "Phantastica" (Lewin) is the oldest label ever used to describe this class of substances. This term successfully evokes dream-like, fanciful aspects of the experience, as well as the potential for euphoric and dysphoric emotional overtones. More recent terminology often says more about semantic biases of those who use the labels than about any factual, objective characteristics of the alkaloids they refer to. Accordingly, official antidrug propaganda since the 1960's has disparaged "psychedelics" as excessively glamorous and too positive a label, as the term was popular among Timothy Leary's fans and supporters. When used in low doses or for the first time, these substances are most likely to bring about a kind of magical transformation of surroundings, with a heightened ability to perceive subtle differences along the color spectru </p> </div> <div id="footer"> <div class="left"> <a href="/SHROOMS BLUE.html" class="doNotPrint"> Psilocybin Cultivation Cow Manure</a><br /> <a href="/ coin coin.html" class="doNotPrint"> shrooms death of of of</a> </div> <br class="doNotDisplay doNotPrint" /> <div class="right"> copyright © 2006 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/pictures+of+goldtop+mushrooms.asp" title="Goldtop Pictures Pictures Pictures" alt="Goldtop Pictures Pictures Pictures" >Goldtop Pictures Pictures Pictures</a><br /> design by <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magic/" title="Magic" alt="Magic" >Magic</a> </div></div> </body>