¤ AUSTRALIAN brisbane magic mushrooms :: mushroomstore.biz ¤

<body> <div id="header"> <div class="superHeader"> <div class="left"> <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/rhizomorphsPCubesis.php" title="Rhizomorphspcubesis" alt="Rhizomorphspcubesis" >Rhizomorphspcubesis</a> - <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/psilocybe+cubensis+uk.php" title="Psilocybe Forum Psilocybe Forum Uk" alt="Psilocybe Forum Psilocybe Forum Uk" >Psilocybe Forum Psilocybe Forum Uk</a> </div> <div class="right"> <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/mexico+contact+tables+for+myspace/true+zoom+off+_iceUrlFlag+7+_IceUrl+true.php" title="Iceurl True For True Iceurlflag Mexico True Iceurl Myspace Iceurl For Mexico Contact Myspace" alt="Iceurl True For True Iceurlflag Mexico True Iceurl Myspace Iceurl For Mexico Contact Myspace" >Iceurl True For True Iceurlflag Mexico True Iceurl Myspace Iceurl For Mexico Contact Myspace</a> - <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/mushroom+cow+dung.php" title="Cow Articles Cow Articles Cow" alt="Cow Articles Cow Articles Cow" >Cow Articles Cow Articles Cow</a> - <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magicmushroomsincowfeces.php" title="Magicmushroomsincowfeces" alt="Magicmushroomsincowfeces" >Magicmushroomsincowfeces</a> - <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/cagoldcapshroomsturnblueareedible.php" title="Cagoldcapshroomsturnblueareedible" alt="Cagoldcapshroomsturnblueareedible" >Cagoldcapshroomsturnblueareedible</a> - <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/gymnopilus+spectabilis/psilocybe+cubensis/" title="Gymnopilus Spectabilis Psilocybe Cubensis" alt="Gymnopilus Spectabilis Psilocybe Cubensis" >Gymnopilus Spectabilis Psilocybe Cubensis</a> </div> </div> <div class="midHeader"> <h1 class="headerTitle">AUSTRALIAN brisbane magic mushrooms</h1> </div> <div class="subHeader"> <a href="/">Home</a> - <a href="/Chat.html">Articles</a> - <a href="/About.html">Articles</a> - <a href="/Archives.html">About</a> - <a href="/Forum.html">Contact</a> </div> </div> <div id="side-bar"> <div> <p class="sideBarTitle">Articles</p> <ul> <li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/street+name+for+magic+mushroom.php" title="For Mushroom Street For Mushroom" alt="For Mushroom Street For Mushroom" >For Mushroom Street For Mushroom</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/myspace+contact+tables+latin+heritage/mushroom+smART+SHOP.php" title="Myspace Contact Tables Latin Heritage Mushroom Smart Shop" alt="Myspace Contact Tables Latin Heritage Mushroom Smart Shop" >Myspace Contact Tables Latin Heritage Mushroom Smart Shop</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magicmushroomseason.php" title="Magicmushroomseason" alt="Magicmushroomseason" >Magicmushroomseason</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/long+term+effects+of+shrooms/magical+shrooms.php" title="Long Term Effects Of Shrooms Magical Shrooms" alt="Long Term Effects Of Shrooms Magical Shrooms" >Long Term Effects Of Shrooms Magical Shrooms</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/mushroomsinTexas.php" title="Mushroomsintexas" alt="Mushroomsintexas" >Mushroomsintexas</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magic+mushroom+guide.php" title="Magic Mushroom Guide" alt="Magic Mushroom Guide" >Magic Mushroom Guide</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/mushroom+cloud.php" title="Mushroom Cloud" alt="Mushroom Cloud" >Mushroom Cloud</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/dungshroomsgrowing.php" title="Dungshroomsgrowing" alt="Dungshroomsgrowing" >Dungshroomsgrowing</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/fool+s+crab.php" title="Fool S Crab" alt="Fool S Crab" >Fool S Crab</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/psilocybe+arcana/buy+shrooms+online.php" title="Psilocybe Arcana Buy Shrooms Online" alt="Psilocybe Arcana Buy Shrooms Online" >Psilocybe Arcana Buy Shrooms Online</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/grow+mushrooms+shrooms+psychedelic+spores/What+are+side+effect+after+eating+shrooms/" title="Grow Mushrooms Shrooms Psychedelic Spores What Are Side Effect After Eating Shrooms" alt="Grow Mushrooms Shrooms Psychedelic Spores What Are Side Effect After Eating Shrooms" >Grow Mushrooms Shrooms Psychedelic Spores What Are Side Effect After Eating Shrooms</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magic+mushroom+identification/magic+mushrooms/" title="Magic Mushroom Identification Magic Mushrooms" alt="Magic Mushroom Identification Magic Mushrooms" >Magic Mushroom Identification Magic Mushrooms</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/gymnopilus+luteofolius.php" title="Luteofolius Contact Luteofolius" alt="Luteofolius Contact Luteofolius" >Luteofolius Contact Luteofolius</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/where+to+find+PSILOCYBIN+in+germany.php" title="Where To Find Psilocybin In Germany" alt="Where To Find Psilocybin In Germany" >Where To Find Psilocybin In Germany</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/long+term+effects+of+shrooms/shrooms.php" title="Long Term Effects Of Shrooms Shrooms" alt="Long Term Effects Of Shrooms Shrooms" >Long Term Effects Of Shrooms Shrooms</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/deadlymushroomsthatgrowinmanure.php" title="Deadlymushroomsthatgrowinmanure" alt="Deadlymushroomsthatgrowinmanure" >Deadlymushroomsthatgrowinmanure</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magic+mushroom+forum.php" title="Magic Mushroom Forum" alt="Magic Mushroom Forum" >Magic Mushroom Forum</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/horse+manure+magic+shrooms.php" title="Horse Manure Magic Shrooms" alt="Horse Manure Magic Shrooms" >Horse Manure Magic Shrooms</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magicmushroomsfromcowpooppics.php" title="Magicmushroomsfromcowpooppics" alt="Magicmushroomsfromcowpooppics" >Magicmushroomsfromcowpooppics</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/maitake+mushroom/mushroom+spore.php" title="Maitake Mushroom Mushroom Spore" alt="Maitake Mushroom Mushroom Spore" >Maitake Mushroom Mushroom Spore</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/wheredoesPsilocybeSemilanceatagrow.php" title="Wheredoespsilocybesemilanceatagrow" alt="Wheredoespsilocybesemilanceatagrow" >Wheredoespsilocybesemilanceatagrow</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/bentmushroom.php" title="Bentmushroom" alt="Bentmushroom" >Bentmushroom</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magic+mushroom+kit/stuffed+mushroom+cap.php" title="Magic Mushroom Kit Stuffed Mushroom Cap" alt="Magic Mushroom Kit Stuffed Mushroom Cap" >Magic Mushroom Kit Stuffed Mushroom Cap</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/gold+caps+on+shrooms.php" title="Gold Caps On Shrooms" alt="Gold Caps On Shrooms" >Gold Caps On Shrooms</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/mushrooms+net/fresh+magic+mushroom.php" title="Mushrooms Net Fresh Magic Mushroom" alt="Mushrooms Net Fresh Magic Mushroom" >Mushrooms Net Fresh Magic Mushroom</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/mazatecmushroom.php" title="Mazatecmushroom" alt="Mazatecmushroom" >Mazatecmushroom</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/euphoric+mushrooms/marijuana+myspace+contact+tables/" title="Euphoric Myspace Euphoric Tables Tables Marijuana" alt="Euphoric Myspace Euphoric Tables Tables Marijuana" >Euphoric Myspace Euphoric Tables Tables Marijuana</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/mushroomswithbronzecaps.php" title="Mushroomswithbronzecaps" alt="Mushroomswithbronzecaps" >Mushroomswithbronzecaps</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/psilocybe+australiana/history+of+shrooms/" title="Psilocybe Australiana History Of Shrooms" alt="Psilocybe Australiana History Of Shrooms" >Psilocybe Australiana History Of Shrooms</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/latin+myspace+contact+table/hallucinogenic+mushrooms+nz.php" title="Latin Myspace Contact Table Hallucinogenic Mushrooms Nz" alt="Latin Myspace Contact Table Hallucinogenic Mushrooms Nz" >Latin Myspace Contact Table Hallucinogenic Mushrooms Nz</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/cubensis.php" title="Cubensis" alt="Cubensis" >Cubensis</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/how+to+grow+large+amounts+of+shrooms/legal+shrooms+for+sale.php" title="Legal Amounts Amounts Shrooms Sale How Shrooms For Sale Grow To" alt="Legal Amounts Amounts Shrooms Sale How Shrooms For Sale Grow To" >Legal Amounts Amounts Shrooms Sale How Shrooms For Sale Grow To</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/gymnopilusspectabilistripforum.php" title="Gymnopilusspectabilistripforum" alt="Gymnopilusspectabilistripforum" >Gymnopilusspectabilistripforum</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/hallucinogenic+mushrooms+cow+manure/buy+shrooms+united+states.php" title="Hallucinogenic Mushrooms Cow Manure Buy Shrooms United States" alt="Hallucinogenic Mushrooms Cow Manure Buy Shrooms United States" >Hallucinogenic Mushrooms Cow Manure Buy Shrooms United States</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/psilocybe+sierrae/psilocybe+weilii.php" title="Psilocybe Sierrae Psilocybe Weilii" alt="Psilocybe Sierrae Psilocybe Weilii" >Psilocybe Sierrae Psilocybe Weilii</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/measuring+dried+shrooms.php" title="Measuring Archives Measuring Archives Measuring" alt="Measuring Archives Measuring Archives Measuring" >Measuring Archives Measuring Archives Measuring</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/identifyingdriedcubensismushrooms.php" title="Identifyingdriedcubensismushrooms" alt="Identifyingdriedcubensismushrooms" >Identifyingdriedcubensismushrooms</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/howtopickshrooms.php" title="Howtopickshrooms" alt="Howtopickshrooms" >Howtopickshrooms</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/cubensispotencyreview.php" title="Cubensispotencyreview" alt="Cubensispotencyreview" >Cubensispotencyreview</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/mellow+mushroom+pizza/magic+mushroom+information.php" title="Mellow Mushroom Pizza Magic Mushroom Information" alt="Mellow Mushroom Pizza Magic Mushroom Information" >Mellow Mushroom Pizza Magic Mushroom Information</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/sitemap.aspx">Sitemap</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/sitemap.xml">Sitemap XML</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/rss/">RSS</a></li><li><a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/mobile.aspx">Mobile version</a></li></li> </ul> </div> <div> <p class="sideBarTitle">News</p> <ul> <li></li> </ul> </div> <div> <p class="sideBarTitle">Validation</p> <span class="sideBarText"> Validate the <a href="http://validator.w3.org/check/referer">XHTML</a> and <a href="http://jigsaw.w3.org/css-validator/check/referer">CSS</a> of this page. </span> </div> </div> <div id="main-copy"> <h1 id="introduction">how long does it take to grow shrooms?</h1> <p><a href="/Panaeolus+subbalteatus+new+jersey.php"><img border="2" src="/images/Do-Shrooms-Show-On-A-Drug-Test-Things-To-Do-While-" alt=" Panaeolus Subbalteatus New Jersey"></a> <p align="center"> JOCHEN GARTZ MAGIC MUSHROOMS Around the &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100&#13&#10&#65 &#83&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99 &#74&#111&#117&#114&#110&#101&#121 &#65&#99&#114&#111&#115&#115 Cultures and Time The &#67&#97&#115&#101 &#102&#111&#114 &#67&#104&#97&#108&#108&#101&#110&#103&#105&#110&#103 &#82&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 Value Systems * LIS &#80&#85&#66&#76&#73&#67&#65&#84&#73&#79&#78&#83 &#42 &#76&#79&#83 &#65&#78&#71&#69&#76&#69&#83&#44 CA* Figure 1 - Water Color &#80&#97&#105&#110&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#13&#10&#40&#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#44 1927) TABLE OF CONTENT (With &#65&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#76&#105&#110&#107&#115&#39 &#74&#117&#115&#116 &#67&#108&#105&#99&#107 On &#65 &#83&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116 &#84&#111 &#71&#111 To The Page) "Who &#87&#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#70&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#77&#97&#103&#105&#99&#105&#97&#110&#63&#34 - Foreword by Christian Ratsch 7 1. Introduction 9 2. Reflections on the History &#97&#110&#100 &#83&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99 &#83&#116&#117&#100&#121 &#111&#102 Magic Mushrooms 10 3. The Current State of Knowledge &#65&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 &#83&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#49&#52&#13&#10&#51&#46&#49 Psilocybe semilanceata: The Classic Species Among European Psychotropic &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#49&#54&#13&#10&#51&#46&#50 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115&#58 Potent Mushrooms Growing &#111&#110 &#87&#111&#111&#100 &#68&#101&#98&#114&#105&#115 &#50&#57&#13&#10&#51&#46&#51 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 subbalteatus: Mycology and Myths about the &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 &#83&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#51&#55&#13&#10&#51&#46&#52 &#73&#110&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 aeruginascens: Fast-Spreading New Arrivals &#52&#52&#13&#10&#51&#46&#53 &#71&#121&#109&#110&#111&#112&#105&#108&#117&#115 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#117&#114&#97&#116&#117&#115&#58 &#77&#97&#103&#110&#105&#102&#105&#99&#101&#110&#116 Mushrooms from &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104 &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97 &#53&#49&#13&#10&#51&#46&#54 &#67&#111&#110&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 cyanopus: Tiny Mushrooms of Remarkable Potency 55 3.7 Pluteus salicinus: A Little-known &#87&#111&#111&#100&#45&#73&#110&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#83&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#53&#56&#13&#10&#52&#46 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 Identification: Taxonomic Confusion and the &#80&#111&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#97&#108 &#102&#111&#114 &#68&#101&#97&#100&#108&#121 &#77&#105&#115&#116&#97&#107&#101&#115 61 5. The Bluing Phenomenon and Metol &#84&#101&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103&#58 &#82&#101&#97&#108&#105&#116&#121 &#118&#115&#46 &#87&#105&#115&#104&#102&#117&#108 Thinking 63 6.<br> Mushroom Cultivation: Classic Findings and &#78&#101&#119 &#84&#101&#99&#104&#110&#105&#113&#117&#101&#115 &#54&#54&#13&#10&#55&#46 &#80&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 Mushroom &#83&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#65&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 <b>magic mushroom picking time</b> &#116&#104&#101 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100 77 7.1 Spotlight on North America and Hawaii 79 7.2 Mycophilia in Central and South America &#56&#50&#13&#10&#55&#46&#51 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#39&#115 &#77&#121&#99&#111&#102&#108&#111&#114&#97 &#65&#116&#116&#114&#97&#99&#116&#115 Attention 84 7.4 European Customs and Conventions 87 7.<br>5 Japanese &#69&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#109&#101&#110&#116&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#57&#51&#13&#10&#55&#46&#54 &#73&#110&#116&#111&#120&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#97&#110&#100 the Oldest Known Mushroom Cult in Africa 95 7.7 Usage in Southeast Asia and the South &#80&#97&#99&#105&#102&#105&#99 &#73&#115&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115 &#57&#56&#13&#10&#56&#46 &#83&#111&#109&#101 Comments on Effects of Mushrooms from the Category Phantastika &#49&#48&#50&#13&#10&#57&#46 &#80&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#97&#112&#121 &#49&#48&#56&#13&#10&#49&#48&#46 &#79&#117&#116&#108&#111&#111&#107 114 11. Bibliography 120 Index 129 Figure 2 - Psilocybe cubensis from Australia Figure 3 <H2>magic mushroom picking time</H2> - Water color painting of Panaeolus subbalteatus (Germany, 1927). Figure 4 - Fresh Panaeolus subbalteatus &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#46&#13&#10&#70&#79&#82&#69&#87&#79&#82&#68&#13&#10&#78&#111&#98&#111&#100&#121 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#115 &#112&#114&#101&#99&#105&#115&#101&#108&#121 &#119&#104&#101&#110 the first magic mushroom emerged from the shadows of prehistory to enter &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#105&#103&#104&#116 &#111&#102 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#46&#13&#10&#78&#111&#98&#111&#100&#121 knows &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 mushroom was eaten by a human &#98&#101&#105&#110&#103&#46 &#78&#111&#98&#111&#100&#121 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#115&#13&#10&#106&#117&#115&#116 &#119&#104&#111 the first &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#101&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#119&#97&#115&#46 In seeking answers to &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#113&#117&#101&#115&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#44 &#119&#101 &#99&#97&#110 only speculate. Mycophobes, however, &#97&#114&#101 &#113&#117&#105&#99&#107 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#118&#111&#105&#99&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#99&#111&#110&#118&#105&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 that only a fool &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#98&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#99&#107&#108&#101&#115&#115 &#101&#110&#111&#117&#103&#104 &#116&#111 want to attain &#97 &#104&#105&#103&#104&#101&#114 &#115&#116&#97&#116&#101&#13&#10&#111&#102 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115 beyond the boundaries of everyday reality. And only a fool would attempt to do this by ingesting &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#111&#100&#100 <b>magic mushroom picking time</b> &#108&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#105&#110&#103&#115 that mysteriously thrive on &#100&#101&#99&#97&#121&#105&#110&#103&#44 &#104&#117&#109&#105&#100 &#115&#111&#105&#108&#44&#13&#10&#114&#111&#116&#116&#101&#110 &#119&#111&#111&#100 and malodorous mounds of cow manure. Historically, magic, mushrooms have been &#102&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#97&#110&#100 &#104&#97&#116&#101&#100&#96 &#115&#105&#110&#99&#101 antiquity: magic mushrooms were thought to be made from poisons that had dripped <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/psilocybe+caerulipes/copelandia+cyanescens.php" title="Psilocybe Caerulipes Copelandia Cyanescens" alt="Psilocybe Caerulipes Copelandia Cyanescens" >Psilocybe Caerulipes Copelandia Cyanescens</a> from serpents' fangs; they were considered to be unclean emissions of evil spirits; moreover, mushrooms were <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/honey+mushroom.php" title="Honey Mushroom" alt="Honey Mushroom" >Honey Mushroom</a> a kn </p> <p align="center"> &#13&#10&#74&#79&#67&#72&#69&#78 &#71&#65&#82&#84&#90&#13&#10&#77&#65&#71&#73&#67 &#77&#85&#83&#72&#82&#79&#79&#77&#83&#13&#10&#65&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 World A Scientific Journey Across Cultures and Time The Case for Challenging Research and Value &#83&#121&#115&#116&#101&#109&#115&#13&#10&#42 &#76&#73&#83 &#80&#85&#66&#76&#73&#67&#65&#84&#73&#79&#78&#83 &#42 LOS ANGELES, CA* Figure 1 &#45 &#87&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#67&#111&#108&#111&#114 &#80&#97&#105&#110&#116&#105&#110&#103 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/fun+things+to+do+on+shrooms.php" title="Fun Things To Do On Shrooms" alt="Fun Things To Do On Shrooms" >Fun Things To Do On Shrooms</a> of Psilocybe semilanceata (Germany, 1927) TABLE OF CONTENT (With Active Links' Just &#67&#108&#105&#99&#107 &#79&#110 &#65 &#83&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116 To Go To The Page) "Who Was the First Magician?" - Foreword by &#67&#104&#114&#105&#115&#116&#105&#97&#110 &#82&#97&#116&#115&#99&#104 &#55&#13&#10&#49&#46 &#73&#110&#116&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 9 2. Reflections on the History and Scientific Study of Magic Mushrooms 10 3. The Current &#83&#116&#97&#116&#101 &#111&#102 &#75&#110&#111&#119&#108&#101&#100&#103&#101 &#65&#98&#111&#117&#116 European Species 14 3.1 Psilocybe semilanceata: The &#67&#108&#97&#115&#115&#105&#99 &#83&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#65&#109&#111&#110&#103 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 Psychotropic Mushrooms 16 3.2 Psilocybe cyanescens: Potent Mushrooms Growing &#111&#110 &#87&#111&#111&#100 &#68&#101&#98&#114&#105&#115 &#50&#57&#13&#10&#51&#46&#51 Panaeolus subbalteatus: Mycology and &#77&#121&#116&#104&#115 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 Species 37 3.4 Inocybe aeruginascens: Fast-Spreading New Arrivals 44 3.<br>5 &#71&#121&#109&#110&#111&#112&#105&#108&#117&#115 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#117&#114&#97&#116&#117&#115&#58 &#77&#97&#103&#110&#105&#102&#105&#99&#101&#110&#116 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 from <H1>Pick To Pick To Mushrooms</H1> South America 51 3.6 Conocybe cyanopus: &#84&#105&#110&#121 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#111&#102 &#82&#101&#109&#97&#114&#107&#97&#98&#108&#101 Potency 55 3.7 Pluteus salicinus: A Little-known Wood-Inhabiting Species 58 4. &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#73&#100&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#58 &#84&#97&#120&#111&#110&#111&#109&#105&#99 &#67&#111&#110&#102&#117&#115&#105&#111&#110 and the Potential for Deadly Mistakes 61 5. The Bluing Phenomenon and Metol Testing: Reality vs. Wishful Thinking &#54&#51&#13&#10&#54&#46 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#67&#117&#108&#116&#105&#118&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#58 &#67&#108&#97&#115&#115&#105&#99 Findings &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#101&#119 &#84&#101&#99&#104&#110&#105&#113&#117&#101&#115 &#54&#54&#13&#10&#55&#46 &#80&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 Mushroom Species Around the World 77 7.1 Spotlight on North America and &#72&#97&#119&#97&#105&#105 &#55&#57&#13&#10&#55&#46&#50 &#77&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#105&#97 &#105&#110 Central and &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104 &#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97 &#56&#50&#13&#10&#55&#46&#51 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#39&#115 Mycoflora Attracts &#65&#116&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#56&#52&#13&#10&#55&#46&#52 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 &#67&#117&#115&#116&#111&#109&#115 and Conventions 87 7.5 Japanese Experimentation 93 7.6 &#73&#110&#116&#111&#120&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#79&#108&#100&#101&#115&#116 Known Mushroom &#67&#117&#108&#116 &#105&#110 &#65&#102&#114&#105&#99&#97 &#57&#53&#13&#10&#55&#46&#55 Usage in &#83&#111&#117&#116&#104&#101&#97&#115&#116 &#65&#115&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 South Pacific &#73&#115&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115 &#57&#56&#13&#10&#56&#46 &#83&#111&#109&#101 &#67&#111&#109&#109&#101&#110&#116&#115 &#111&#110 Effects of Mushrooms from the Category Phantastika 102 9. <u>Pick To Pick To Mushrooms</u> Psychotherapy 108 10. Outlook 114 11. Bibliography 120 Index 129 Figure 2 - Psilocybe cubensis from Australia Figure 3 &#45 &#87&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114 &#112&#97&#105&#110&#116&#105&#110&#103 of Panaeolus subbalteatus (Germany, 1927). Figure 4 &#45 &#70&#114&#101&#115&#104 &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 &#115&#117&#98&#98&#97&#108&#116&#101&#97&#116&#117&#115 mushrooms. FOREWORD Nobody knows precisely &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 emerged from the shadows of prehistory to enter the light of &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#46&#13&#10&#78&#111&#98&#111&#100&#121 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#115 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 first magic mushroom was eaten by a &#104&#117&#109&#97&#110 &#98&#101&#105&#110&#103&#46 &#78&#111&#98&#111&#100&#121 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#115&#13&#10&#106&#117&#115&#116 who the &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#101&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#119&#97&#115&#46 In seeking answers to these questions, <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/fun+things+to+do+on+shrooms.php" title="Fun Things To Do On Shrooms" alt="Fun Things To Do On Shrooms" >Fun Things To Do On Shrooms</a> we can only speculate. Mycophobes, however, are quick to voice their conviction that only a fool would be reckless enough to want to attain a higher state of consciousness beyond the boundaries of everyday reality.<br> And only a &#102&#111&#111&#108 &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#97&#116&#116&#101&#109&#112&#116&#13&#10&#116&#111 &#100&#111 this by ingesting those odd little things that mysteriously thrive on &#100&#101&#99&#97&#121&#105&#110&#103&#44 &#104&#117&#109&#105&#100 &#115&#111&#105&#108&#44&#13&#10&#114&#111&#116&#116&#101&#110 &#119&#111&#111&#100 and malodorous &#109&#111&#117&#110&#100&#115 &#111&#102 &#99&#111&#119&#13&#10&#109&#97&#110&#117&#114&#101&#46&#13&#10&#72&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#105&#99&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#44 mushrooms &#104&#97&#118&#101&#13&#10&#98&#101&#101&#110 &#102&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#97&#110&#100 &#104&#97&#116&#101&#100&#96 since antiquity: magic mushrooms were thought &#116&#111 &#98&#101 &#109&#97&#100&#101 &#102&#114&#111&#109&#13&#10&#112&#111&#105&#115&#111&#110&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 had dripped from serpents' fangs; they were considered to be unclean &#101&#109&#105&#115&#115&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#101&#118&#105&#108 &#115&#112&#105&#114&#105&#116&#115&#59 &#109&#111&#114&#101&#111&#118&#101&#114&#44 mushrooms were &#97 &#107&#110 </p> <p align="justify"> . For that reason, freeze-dried samples &#102&#111&#114 &#98&#105&#111&#99&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97&#108&#13&#10&#97&#110&#97&#108&#121&#115&#105&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#115&#116&#111&#114&#101&#100 at -10°C prior to alkaloid extractions or chromatography testing. &#73&#110 &#97&#100&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#115 from Finland, investigators in North America <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/gymnopilus+spectabilis+trip+forum.php" title="Gymnopilus Spectabilis Trip Forum" alt="Gymnopilus Spectabilis Trip Forum" >Gymnopilus Spectabilis Trip Forum</a> have noted &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#39&#115 &#100&#101&#99&#97&#121 &#114&#97&#116&#101 is slowest in Psilocybe semilanceata, compared &#116&#111&#13&#10&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#40&#49&#41 &#82 &#61 H2P03 (2) R &#61 &#72&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#49&#57 &#45 Structural formulas for psilocybin (1) &#97&#110&#100 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#105&#110 &#40&#50&#41&#46&#13&#10&#67&#72&#51&#13&#10&#67&#72&#51&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 20 - Distribution pattern &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#105&#110 Germany and adjacent areas. Locations are indicated by black dots. CHAPTER 3.<br>2 PSILOCYBE &#67&#89&#65&#78&#69&#83&#67&#69&#78&#83 &#45 &#80&#79&#84&#69&#78&#84 &#77&#85&#83&#72&#82&#79&#79&#77&#83&#13&#10&#71&#82&#79&#87&#73&#78&#71 ON WOOD DEBRIS At least &#111&#110&#101 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 in addition to Psilocybe semilanceata is known to exist in Europe. At this point, I must emphasize that the &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116&#105&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#115&#105&#110&#103&#108&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 within the Psilocybe genus is subject &#116&#111 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101&#114&#97&#98&#108&#101&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#116&#114&#111&#118&#101&#114&#115&#121 &#97&#109&#111&#110&#103 &#101&#109&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 taxonomists. &#70&#111&#114&#13&#10&#101&#120&#97&#109&#112&#108&#101&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#114&#101 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116 methods of distinguishing &#116&#104&#101 &#72&#121&#112&#104&#111&#108&#111&#109&#97 &#103&#101&#110&#117&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#83&#116&#114&#111&#112&#104&#97&#114&#105&#97 genus. The Widespread Distribution of Psilocybe cyanescens While Psilocybe semilanceata is a species that has long been clearly &#100&#101&#102&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#97&#110&#100 &#105&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108&#13&#10&#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 by this name, there are, according to Krieglsteiner, other strongly &#98&#108&#117&#105&#110&#103 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#13&#10&#116&#104&#97&#116 &#99&#97&#110 &#98&#101 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101&#100 as belonging to the "Psilocybe cyanescens complex".<br> &#84&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#97&#114&#101 &#97&#108&#108&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 grow on &#114&#97&#119 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#111&#115&#116 &#97&#110&#100 &#112&#108&#97&#110&#116&#13&#10&#100&#101&#98&#114&#105&#115&#46&#13&#10&#73&#110 accordance with &#99&#117&#114&#114&#101&#110&#116 &#115&#116&#97&#116&#101&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#107&#110&#111&#119&#108&#101&#100&#103&#101&#44 &#116&#104&#101 following names in the literature are merely synonyms for Psilocybe &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115&#13&#10&#87&#97&#107&#101&#102&#105&#101&#108&#100 &#101&#109&#101&#110&#100&#46 &#75&#114&#105&#101&#103&#108&#115&#116&#101&#105&#110&#101&#114&#58&#13&#10&#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116 &#104&#101&#114&#98&#97&#114&#105&#117&#109&#115&#46 However, the &#109&#105&#99&#114&#111&#115&#99&#111&#112&#105&#99&#13&#10&#100&#97&#116&#97 &#112&#101&#114&#116&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 Psilocybe species &#97&#114&#101 &#112&#111&#111&#114&#108&#121&#13&#10&#100&#101&#108&#105&#110&#101&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#97&#110&#100 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 overlap. It is therefore imperative that additional mycological studies of Psilocybe &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#98&#101 &#112&#101&#114&#102&#111&#114&#109&#101&#100&#46 &#84&#111 this end, fresh mushroom samples from various European locations should be used, and biochemical &#109&#101&#116&#104&#111&#100&#115&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#116 &#98&#101 &#105&#110&#99&#108&#117&#100&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 <H3>Magic mushrooms</H3> investigation. Guzman's division of &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#98&#121 &#103&#101&#111&#103&#114&#97&#112&#104&#105&#99&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101&#97&#44 &#104&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 definitely turned &#111&#117&#116 &#116&#111 &#98&#101&#13&#10&#105&#110&#97&#99&#99&#117&#114&#97&#116&#101&#46 &#65&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 to &#104&#105&#115 &#115&#121&#115&#116&#101&#109&#44 &#45&#78&#111&#114&#116&#104 &#65&#102&#114&#105&#99&#97&#13&#10&#119&#97&#115 home to Psilocybe mairei, &#119&#104&#105&#108&#101 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 in England and Holland and Psilocybe serbica supposedly <H1>Things To Do While On Shrooms</H1> grew in Serbia and Bohemia.<br> The geographic &#100&#105&#115&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#110&#116&#105&#114&#101&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 seems &#116&#111 &#99&#111&#118&#101&#114 &#97 &#118&#97&#115&#116 area, with variations along climate and terrain at locations where samples were collected.<br> Such disparate &#109&#111&#114&#112&#104&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#101&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#98&#101 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 when dealing with &#34&#121&#111&#117&#110&#103&#34 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44&#13&#10&#116&#104&#97&#116 &#105&#115&#44 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 that have &#110&#111&#116 &#121&#101&#116 &#102&#105&#114&#109&#108&#121 &#101&#115&#116&#97&#98&#108&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101&#109&#115&#101&#108&#118&#101&#115 and are &#115&#116&#105&#108&#108 &#101&#120&#112&#97&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#110&#116&#111 &#110&#101&#119&#13&#10&#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 7 (p. 14) displays locations in Europe and North Africa where samples &#111&#102&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 found. - Hypholoma cyanescens R. Maire - &#72&#121&#112&#104&#111&#108&#111&#109&#97 &#99&#111&#112&#114&#105&#110&#105&#102&#97&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#40&#82&#111&#108&#108&#97&#110&#100 &#115&#115&#46&#13&#10&#72&#101&#114&#105&#110&#107&#41 Pouzar - &#71&#101&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#97 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#40&#82&#46 &#77&#97&#105&#114&#101&#41 &#75&#117&#104&#110&#101&#114 & Romagnesi - Psilocybe serbica Moser & &#72&#111&#114&#97&#107&#13&#10&#45 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#109&#97&#105&#114&#101&#105 &#83&#105&#110&#103&#101&#114&#13&#10&#45 Psilocyb </p> ed and large numbers of studies were conducted, primarily with LSD. These investigators sought to discover the receptor binding sites for hallucinogenic compounds in the brain and to understand the mechanisms underlying the genesis of psychedelic visions. Today, we still lack a sound theoretical framework able to explain the relationship between chemical compounds and the manifestation of their psychoactivity. Even though basic research is certainly important, its methods, unfortunately, are often a function of a rather one-sided pharmacological approach to investigating the effects of psilocybin, LSD and mescaline - an approach that is, in fact, too narrow to address the remarkably unusual nature of these substances and their effects. Misunderstandings between pharmacologists and toxicologists on the one hand and psychiatrists and psychologists on the other can often be traced all the way back to the 1950's, creating a legacy of disputes and arguments that have yet to be resolved. S. Grof undertook the tedious task of analyzing 5,000 experimental LSD protocols in an effort to isolate "absolute" symptoms that are reported or occur all of the time. His results were negative. According to Grof, hallucinogenic substances are non-specific triggers causing a sequence of altered states of consciousness, which do not fit the syndrome labeled "toxic psychosis". Rather, it is the individual's personality, along with the experimental setting that significantly shape the nature of the psychedelic experience. This view is shared by a majority of experts with considerable experience in conducting psychedelics-assisted psychotherapy. Even "real" somatic symptoms, such as nausea or vomiting, can often be controlled through psychological intervention techniques administered by trained professionals. A Plethora of Names The broad range of possible experiences inspired the use of labels other than "hallucinogens", with widely differing semantic connotations: entheogens, psychedelics, illusionogens, psycholytics, psychomimetics, psychodysleptica, psychoemetics and others. "Phantastica" (Lewin) is the oldest label ever used to describe this class of substances. This term successfully evokes dream-like, fanciful aspects of the experience, as well as the potential for euphoric and dysphoric emotional overtones. More recent terminology often says more about semantic biases of those who use the labels than about any factual, objective characteristics of the alkaloids they refer to. Accordingly, official antidrug propaganda since the 1960's has disparaged "psychedelics" as excessively glamorous and too positive a label, as the term was popular among Timothy Leary's fans and supporters. When used in low doses or for the first time, these substances are most likely to bring about a kind of magical transformation of surroundings, with a heightened ability to perceive subtle differences along the color spectru <p align="right"> The majority of adverse physical &#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115 &#111&#114 &#110&#101&#103&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108 reactions produced &#98&#121 &#34&#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#34 &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#108&#108&#121 result &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#105&#110&#97&#112&#112&#114&#111&#112&#114&#105&#97&#116&#101 &#115&#101&#116 &#97&#110&#100 expectation, or because &#111&#102 &#105&#109&#112&#114&#111&#112&#101&#114 &#100&#111&#115&#97&#103&#101&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 may vary considerably &#97&#109&#111&#110&#103 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#117&#109&#101&#114&#115&#44 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 species, or even within an &#105&#110&#100&#105&#118&#105&#100&#117&#97&#108 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#113&#117&#101&#115&#116&#105&#111&#110 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/Psilocybehorse.php" title="Psilocybehorse" alt="Psilocybehorse" >Psilocybehorse</a> of dosage is often &#99&#111&#110&#102&#117&#115&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#116&#104&#101 &#118&#97&#114&#105&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 in the source of &#116&#104&#101 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#111&#103&#101&#110&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 which is &#99&#111&#110&#115&#117&#109&#101&#100&#46 &#70&#111&#114 &#101&#120&#97&#109&#112&#108&#101&#44 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 cubensis, &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#112&#105&#99&#107&#101&#100 &#97&#110&#100 &#101&#97&#116&#101&#110 from its &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108 &#100&#117&#110&#103 &#40&#109&#97&#110&#117&#114&#101&#41 &#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#97&#116&#44 produces a relatively mild mindaltering experience, which is &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101 amounts of fresh specimens needed to achieve a threshold experience. However when grown &#105&#110 &#118&#105&#116&#114&#111 &#40&#105&#110&#100&#111&#111&#114 &#108&#97&#98&#111&#114&#97&#116&#111&#114&#121 cultivation and/or illicit cultivation), Psilocybe cubensis apparently &#99&#97&#110 &#112&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#101 &#97 &#109&#111&#114&#101 potent strain capable of inducing a very intense visual, sometimes quite disturbing, experience. This dosage assumes that the &#99&#111&#110&#115&#117&#109&#112&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#49 &#116&#111 3 gm of &#100&#114&#105&#101&#100 &#109&#97&#116&#101&#114&#105&#97&#108 &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#98&#101 too low if the mushroom specimen came from a &#119&#105&#108&#100 &#115&#111&#117&#114&#99&#101&#46 &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#108&#111&#119 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/psilocybe+semilance.php" title="Psilocybe Semilance" alt="Psilocybe Semilance" >Psilocybe Semilance</a> potency for Psilocybe cubensis has been confirmed by research scientists Margot & Watling, (1981), who were surprised by the comparatively small amounts of &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#105&#110 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 they extracted from wild &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#109&#101&#110&#115 &#99&#111&#108&#108&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#102&#105&#118&#101 different &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#46 &#84&#104&#105&#115 suggests that a much larger &#100&#111&#115&#101 &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#98&#101 &#114&#101&#113&#117&#105&#114&#101&#100 to produce significant hallucinations. It is &#112&#111&#115&#115&#105&#98&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97&#108&#115 most likely degenerated &#98&#101&#116&#119&#101&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#116&#105&#109&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101&#121 were harvested and &#116&#104&#101 &#116&#105&#109&#101 &#111&#102 &#97&#110&#97&#108&#121&#115&#105&#115&#46 However, it should &#98&#101 &#110&#111&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#97 strain of Psilocybe cubensis producing different flushes &#40&#104&#97&#114&#118&#101&#115&#116&#115&#41 &#119&#105&#108&#108 &#118&#97&#114&#121 &#115&#111&#109&#101&#119&#104&#97&#116 in potency between flushes. </p> , &#97&#110&#100 &#119&#104&#111 &#103&#111&#114&#103&#101&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101&#109&#115&#101&#108&#118&#101&#115 &#111&#110 our tax dollars. I met Jochen Gartz shortly &#97&#102&#116&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#97&#108&#108 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#66&#101&#114&#108&#105&#110 &#87&#97&#108&#108 at the third symposium of the European College &#102&#111&#114 &#116&#104&#101 &#83&#116&#117&#100&#121 &#111&#102 Consciousness (ECSC) &#105&#110 &#70&#114&#101&#105&#98&#117&#114&#103&#44 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#46 &#79&#117&#114 encounter &#119&#97&#115&#13&#10&#109&#121 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#97&#99&#116 &#119&#105&#116&#104 a researcher from the former East Germany. Jochen Gartz's enthusiastic lecture was a truly consciousnessexpanding event, his words breaking down traditional borders and crossing over into new territory. The magic mushrooms spoke &#116&#104&#114&#111&#117&#103&#104 &#104&#105&#109 &#45 &#119&#105&#116&#104 no trace of dogma or ideology &#45 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#116&#114&#97&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 true anarchy &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#105&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#109&#97&#114&#107 of mushroom magic. What I heard was unbelievable. Jochen spoke of &#97 &#34&#110&#101&#119&#34 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#101&#100&#101&#108&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 &#105&#116&#115 migration. The mycelia had spread &#105&#110&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#99&#101&#110&#116&#114&#105&#99 &#99&#105&#114&#99&#108&#101&#115 &#111&#117&#116&#119&#97&#114&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109 Leipzig, jumping all &#112&#111&#108&#105&#116&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#98&#111&#114&#100&#101&#114&#115&#46 &#70&#105&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#116&#104&#101 mycelia reached West German soil, the hated Berlin Wall crumbled.<br> Could there possibly be a connection between the &#101&#118&#111&#108&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 mushroom and the evolution of our consciousness? &#67&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#97&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#101&#100 to the resolution of our political conflicts? In the past, politicians, even popes, had their own jesters and magicians, who functioned <i>finding hallucination mushrooms</i> as pressure &#114&#101&#108&#101&#97&#115&#101 &#118&#97&#108&#118&#101&#115 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#99&#104&#105&#110&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 of political power struggles. It is obvious that a country whose chancellor is being pelted with eggs, &#117&#114&#103&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/texas+psychoactive+mushrooms.php" title="Texas Psychoactive Mushrooms" alt="Texas Psychoactive Mushrooms" >Texas Psychoactive Mushrooms</a> &#110&#101&#101&#100&#115 &#97 &#110&#101&#119 breed of magician who are <i>Pluteus Salicinus, season, location</i> able to readjust reality. But today, no aspiring magician should go about this task &#119&#105&#116&#104&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#105&#115&#13&#10&#98&#111&#111&#107 &#97&#115 &#97 guide &#102&#111&#114 &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#111&#110&#100&#114&#111&#117&#115 &#106&#111&#117&#114&#110&#101&#121 into the realm &#111&#102 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#46&#13&#10&#67&#104&#114&#105&#115&#116&#105&#97&#110 &#82&#100&#116&#115&#99&#104&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 5 &#45 &#34&#65&#110&#116&#104&#114&#111&#112&#111&#109&#111&#114&#112&#104&#105&#99 &#66&#101&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#69&#110&#103&#97&#103&#101&#100 in Mushroom Dance" 10,000-year-old rock drawing in Tassili, Sahara (Algeria) CHAPTER 1 I BELIEVE THE &#84&#73&#77&#69 &#72&#65&#83 &#67&#79&#77&#69 &#70&#79&#82 A &#67&#79&#77&#80&#82&#69&#72&#69&#78&#83&#73&#86&#69 &#82&#69&#86&#73&#69&#87 &#79&#70 &#78&#69&#87&#13&#10&#70&#73&#78&#68&#73&#78&#71&#83 FROM THE FIELDS OF MYCOLOGY, &#84&#65&#88&#79&#78&#79&#77&#89 &#65&#78&#68 &#78&#65&#84&#85&#82&#65&#76&#13&#10&#80&#82&#79&#68&#85&#67&#84&#83 &#67&#72&#69&#77&#73&#83&#84&#82&#89&#13&#10&#87&#104&#101&#110 R.G. &#87&#97&#115&#115&#111&#110&#44 &#82&#46 &#72&#101&#105&#109 &#97&#110&#100 A. Hofmann &#98&#101&#103&#97&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#100&#105&#115&#99&#105&#112&#108&#105&#110&#97&#114&#121 &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104&#13&#10&#112&#114&#111&#103&#114&#97&#109 to study the &#77&#101&#120&#105&#99&#97&#110 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#110&#100 their usage in &#77&#101&#120&#105&#99&#97&#110&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#115&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#101&#102&#102&#111&#114&#116&#115 culminated in a 1958 landmark &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 isolation, molecular &#115&#116&#114&#117&#99&#116&#117&#114&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#115&#121&#110&#116&#104&#101&#115&#105&#115 &#111&#102 the mushrooms' active ingredients: psilocybin and psilocin.<br> Several years later, &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101&#115&#13&#10&#119&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#108&#115&#111 &#105&#100&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#101&#100 in a species of mushroom &#105&#110&#13&#10&#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#44 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 became the first &#105&#110 &#97 &#115&#101&#114&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#102 newly discovered species.<br> Since then, psychoactive mushrooms from other genera have been reported with increasing frequency. As part of my &#97&#110&#97&#108&#121&#116&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#119&#111&#114&#107 &#100&#101&#100&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101&#100&#13&#10&#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 identification of &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114&#114&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#99&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97&#108&#115&#44 &#73 &#104&#97&#100 &#116&#104&#101 good fortune to be &#112&#97&#114&#116 &#111&#102 &#97&#13&#10&#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104 &#116&#101&#97&#109 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#115&#116&#117&#100&#105&#101&#100 &#97&#108&#107&#97&#108&#111&#105&#100&#115 found &#105&#110 &#97&#13&#10&#118&#97&#114&#105&#101&#116&#121 &#111&#102 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 Now I believe the time has come &#102&#111&#114 &#97 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#114&#101&#104&#101&#110&#115&#105&#118&#101 &#114&#101&#118&#105&#101&#119 of new findings from the &#102&#105&#101&#108&#100&#115 &#111&#102 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#121&#44&#13&#10&#116&#97&#120&#111&#110&#111&#109&#121 &#97&#110&#100 &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108 products &#99&#104&#101&#109&#105&#115&#116&#114&#121&#46&#13&#10&#87&#97&#115&#115&#111&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#104&#105&#115 &#115&#117&#99&#99&#101&#115&#115&#111&#114&#115 have &#97&#108&#114&#101&#97&#100&#121 &#112&#114&#111&#118&#105&#100&#101&#100&#13&#10&#100&#101&#116&#97&#105&#108&#101&#100 &#97&#99&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#115 &#112&#101&#114&#116&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103 to <b>Northern California Psilocybe Mushrooms</b> the <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/where+to+find+PSILOCYBIN+in+germany.php" title="Where To Find Psilocybin In Germany" alt="Where To Find Psilocybin In Germany" >Where To Find Psilocybin In Germany</a> history and study of the Me <p align="left"> ulinary mushroom bears &#110&#111&#13&#10&#114&#101&#115&#101&#109&#98&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#44 &#101&#105&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#105&#110 &#115&#105&#122&#101 or form, to Inocybe aeruginascens. Overall, &#104&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101&#13&#10&#117&#110&#102&#111&#114&#116&#117&#110&#97&#116&#101 &#99&#97&#115&#101&#115 &#104&#97&#118&#101 also contributed to our understanding of &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#98&#105&#111&#99&#104&#101&#109&#105&#115&#116&#114&#121&#46&#13&#10&#73&#110 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#101&#120&#116&#44 &#73 want to emphasize once more that the hallucinogenic varieties among the &#73&#110&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#115 &#99&#97&#110 &#101&#97&#115&#105&#108&#121 &#98&#101 mistaken for those muscarine-producing Inocybe species that are extremely &#112&#111&#105&#115&#111&#110&#111&#117&#115&#46&#13&#10&#65&#115 &#112&#97&#114&#116 &#111&#102 &#104&#105&#115 investigation of the Psilocybe genus, Guzman noted a common trait among the hallucinogenic species, in addition &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#108&#117&#105&#110&#103 &#114&#101&#97&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110&#58 &#97 flour-like smell or taste. Apart from the inherent subjective nature of our &#115&#101&#110&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#115&#109&#101&#108&#108 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#116&#97&#115&#116&#101&#44 a common odor is a trait that definitely does not apply to &#116&#104&#101 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#40&#97&#108&#115&#111&#13&#10&#115&#101&#101 Chapter &#51&#46&#50&#41&#46&#13&#10&#77&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#101 &#111&#114 &#77&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#111&#98&#101&#63&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#114&#101 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#87&#101&#115&#116&#101&#114&#110&#13&#10&#85&#110&#105&#116&#101&#100 States about people with expert knowledge of Psilocybe semilanceata - devoted mushroom hunters who can identify the species with drill and &#97&#99&#99&#117&#114&#97&#99&#121&#46 &#65&#116 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#115&#97&#109&#101 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#44 however, these experts cannot identify easily spotted common table mushrooms, nor are they able to differentiate the Agaricus species (champignons) &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#44 &#101&#118&#101&#110 &#119&#104&#101&#110 these species grow &#111&#110&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#115&#97&#109&#101 &#112&#97&#115&#116&#117&#114&#101&#46 &#83&#117&#99&#104 individuals, then, are not interested &#105&#110 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#97&#110 Psilocybe semilanceata. In my opinion, this &#97&#116&#116&#105&#116&#117&#100&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#102&#108&#101&#99&#116&#115 &#97 &#114&#97&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#109&#98&#105&#110&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 of mycophilia and mycophobia. A mushroom's spore &#100&#117&#115&#116 &#112&#114&#111&#118&#105&#100&#101&#115&#13&#10&#105&#109&#112&#111&#114&#116&#97&#110&#116 &#105&#110&#102&#111&#114&#109&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#110&#101&#101&#100&#101&#100 to determine identity. &#65 &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101 &#112&#114&#105&#110&#116 &#105&#115 left by the gills when the cap &#105&#115 &#112&#108&#97&#99&#101&#100 &#111&#110 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107 or white paper (depending on &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#41&#46 &#65&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#99&#101&#115&#115&#13&#10&#116&#97&#107&#101&#115 several hours, &#97 &#103&#108&#97&#115&#115 &#118&#101&#115&#115&#101&#108 &#109&#117&#115&#116 be placed &#111&#118&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#97&#112 &#116&#111 prevent drying.<br> While useful, information obtained from spore analyses has its limitations, For &#105&#110&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101&#44&#13&#10&#115&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115 &#100&#101&#114&#105&#118&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 belonging to different &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97 &#109&#97&#121 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#116&#104&#101 same color, but reveal basic differences &#117&#110&#100&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#101 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magic+mushroom+conocybe+cyanopus+pictures.php" title="Magic Mushroom Conocybe Cyanopus Pictures" alt="Magic Mushroom Conocybe Cyanopus Pictures" >Magic Mushroom Conocybe Cyanopus Pictures</a> &#109&#105&#99&#114&#111&#115&#99&#111&#112&#101&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#105&#115 &#97&#108&#115&#111 a &#104&#105&#103&#104 &#100&#101&#103&#114&#101&#101 &#111&#102 &#115&#105&#109&#105&#108&#97&#114&#105&#116&#121 among spores &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#117&#115&#44&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 only way to prevent grave &#101&#114&#114&#111&#114&#115 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#112&#111&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#100&#101&#97&#100&#108&#121 &#105&#110&#116&#111&#120&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 is to rely on experienced experts for mushroom identification, a process that must include analysis of available &#101&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#100&#97&#116&#97&#46&#13&#10&#67&#72&#65&#80&#84&#69&#82 &#53&#13&#10&#84&#72&#69 &#66&#76&#85&#73&#78&#71 PHENOMENON &#65&#78&#68 &#77&#69&#84&#79&#76&#13&#10&#84&#69&#83&#84&#73&#78&#71&#58 &#82&#69&#65&#76&#73&#84&#89 &#86&#83&#46 WISHFUL &#84&#72&#73&#78&#75&#73&#78&#71&#13&#10&#65&#115 &#112&#114&#101&#118&#105&#111&#117&#115&#108&#121 &#100&#105&#115&#99&#117&#115&#115&#101&#100 &#105&#110 Chapters 3.<br>1 and 3.7, the bluing &#114&#101&#97&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#105&#115 &#99&#104&#97&#114&#97&#99&#116&#101&#114&#105&#115&#116&#105&#99&#13&#10&#111&#102 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#112&#114&#111&#100&#117&#99&#101 psilocybin. Still, for unknown <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magicsporesoregon.php" title="Magicsporesoregon" alt="Magicsporesoregon" >Magicsporesoregon</a> &#114&#101&#97&#115&#111&#110&#115&#44 &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#114 samples belonging to &#97 &#103&#101&#110&#117&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#117&#115&#117&#97&#108&#108&#121 turns blue may not always change color, regardless of psilocybin content. Among the species that I have examined, Psilocybe &#98&#111&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97&#13&#10&#100&#105&#115&#112&#108&#97&#121&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#105&#109&#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#105&#118&#101 bluing reaction. The &#99&#97&#112&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 stain very quickly in reaction to pressure. Other species, such as &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#40&#69&#97&#114&#108&#101&#41 &#83&#105&#110&#103&#46&#13&#10&#104&#97&#118&#101 stems that develop &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#110&#115&#101&#108&#121 &#98&#108&#117&#101&#13&#10&#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#108&#101 their caps &#100&#111 &#110&#111&#116 &#101&#120&#104&#105&#98&#105&#116 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#98&#108&#117&#105&#110&#103 &#114&#101&#97&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 &#66&#121 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#114&#97&#115&#116&#44 Psilocybe </p> a have been reported from the following countries: Finland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, The Netherlands, Belgium, France, Russia, &#80&#111&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#101&#114 &#67&#122&#101&#99&#104&#111&#115&#108&#111&#118&#97&#107&#105&#97&#44&#13&#10&#72&#117&#110&#103&#97&#114&#121&#44 Romania, Scotland, England, Wales, Italy and Spain. Unfortunately, there are no comprehensive maps detailing the species's distribution pattern. Traditionally, &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115&#13&#10&#104&#97&#118&#101 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#110&#101&#103&#108&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#108&#121 tiny species, such as Psilocybe semilanceata, that tend to share their habitats with other, more prominent species. The sarcastic phrase &#34&#84&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#97&#98&#117&#110&#100&#97&#110&#99&#101 wherever mycologists abound" is particularly pertinent in reference to the Psilocybe species. Prior to &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#121 &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#44 the Psilocybe &#103&#101&#110&#117&#115 &#108&#97&#110&#103&#117&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 literature, shrouded in obscurity. &#84&#111 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#100&#97&#121&#44 &#102&#101&#119&#13&#10&#49&#56&#57&#46 Psilocybe &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#70&#114&#46 &#91&#87&#111&#114&#116&#104&#108&#101&#115&#115&#93&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#99&#97&#112 is uniformly conic to bell-shaped, &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97 &#112&#111&#105&#110&#116&#121 &#111&#114 &#111&#98&#116&#117&#115&#101 center forming an &#97&#108&#109&#111&#115&#116 &#119&#97&#114&#116&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#116&#114&#117&#115&#105&#111&#110&#59 &#105&#110&#105&#116&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 caps are &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#116&#97&#108&#108&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#121 are &#119&#105&#100&#101&#44 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101 &#98&#101&#110&#116 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#117&#114&#118&#101&#100 inward; later on, width &#111&#102 &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 &#49&#46&#53&#45&#52 &#99&#109&#46 &#72&#121&#103&#114&#111&#112&#104&#97&#110&#111&#117&#115&#59 coloration is a dirtyish olive-brown when wet, with translucent &#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#116&#101 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115&#59 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44&#13&#10&#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 is ocher or greenish-yellow against an &#111&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108&#108 &#115&#104&#97&#100&#101 &#111&#102 &#115&#109&#117&#100&#103&#121 pale yellow &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#105&#115&#104 &#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#59 only the margins are banded by &#97 &#100&#97&#114&#107&#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100&#44 &#119&#97&#116&#101&#114&#121&#13&#10&#115&#116&#114&#105&#112&#101 &#97&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 the edge. No &#115&#116&#114&#105&#112&#101&#115 &#111&#114 &#98&#97&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116 when mushrooms are completely dried. Lacking a veil, caps are &#116&#104&#105&#110&#45&#102&#108&#101&#115&#104&#101&#100&#44 &#98&#97&#108&#100&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97&#110 easily separable pellicle that remains gelatinous-sticky &#102&#111&#114 &#97 &#108&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#44 &#116&#117&#114&#110&#105&#110&#103 shiny when &#100&#114&#121&#46&#13&#10&#71&#105&#108&#108&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#111&#108&#105&#118&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 to blackish purple brown in color, with the &#101&#100&#103&#101&#115 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101&#44 &#103&#105&#108&#108 spacing is &#113&#117&#105&#116&#101 &#99&#114&#111&#119&#100&#101&#100&#59 &#103&#105&#108&#108 &#97&#116&#116&#97&#99&#104&#109&#101&#110&#116 is &#101&#105&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 &#108&#105&#110&#101&#97&#114 &#111&#114&#13&#10&#109&#111&#115&#116&#108&#121 &#97&#100&#110&#101&#120&#101&#100&#59 up to 3.5 mm &#119&#105&#100&#101&#59 &#97&#116&#116&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#101&#109 &#111&#110&#108&#121&#44 fully detached &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#101&#108&#111&#110&#103&#97&#116&#101&#100 to ellipitical in shape, &#115&#109&#111&#111&#116&#104 &#97&#110&#100 &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101&#44 &#109&#101&#97&#115&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#49&#50&#45&#49&#54 u by 6-8,u. Color of spore dust &#105&#115 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#116&#101&#109 &#105&#115 very slender, &#97&#108&#109&#111&#115&#116 &#117&#110&#105&#102&#111&#114&#109&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#105&#110 &#97&#110&#100 always twisted, &#54&#45&#49&#50 &#99&#109 &#108&#111&#110&#103 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#49&#46&#50&#53&#45&#50 mm thick, yellowish &#111&#114 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#105&#115&#104 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#59 areas subjected to pressure develop bluishgreen stains. &#83&#116&#101&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#115&#105&#108&#107&#121 &#115&#109&#111&#111&#116&#104 and roughly at the center, cortinate fibrils appear &#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#110&#97&#110&#116&#115 &#111&#102 &#97 &#118&#101&#105&#108&#44 which is brittle and lined with a white fibrous cord of wool-like texture. When dry, the flesh of the cap is &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100 &#112&#97&#108&#101 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#108&#101 the stem's flesh is ocher &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 &#101&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 towards the &#98&#111&#116&#116&#111&#109&#46 &#73&#116 &#105&#115 &#111&#100&#111&#114&#108&#101&#115&#115 and its flavor is mild. The mushroom &#103&#114&#111&#119&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#65&#117&#103&#117&#115&#116 &#116&#111 October, frequently in gregarious clusters, and can be found in pastures and along roadways, growing on dung that has &#117&#110&#100&#101&#114&#103&#111&#110&#101 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#99&#111&#109&#112&#111&#115&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 &#73&#116 &#105&#115 not a particularly &#114&#97&#114&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#49&#49&#40&#97&#98&#111&#118&#101&#41 &#84&#104&#105&#115 excellent description of &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#98&#121 &#77&#105&#99&#104&#97&#101&#108 & &#83&#99&#104&#117&#108&#122&#13&#10&#40&#49&#57&#50&#55&#41 &#105&#115 &#115&#104&#111&#119&#110 &#104&#101&#114&#101 as originally published in &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97&#110 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#105&#115&#104 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#13&#10&#77&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 spa have been reported from the following countries: Finland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, The Netherlands, Belgium, &#70&#114&#97&#110&#99&#101&#44&#13&#10&#82&#117&#115&#115&#105&#97&#44 &#80&#111&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#101&#114 Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Scotland, &#69&#110&#103&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#87&#97&#108&#101&#115&#44&#13&#10&#73&#116&#97&#108&#121 &#97&#110&#100 &#83&#112&#97&#105&#110&#46&#13&#10&#85&#110&#102&#111&#114&#116&#117&#110&#97&#116&#101&#108&#121&#44 there &#97&#114&#101 &#110&#111 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#114&#101&#104&#101&#110&#115&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#109&#97&#112&#115 &#100&#101&#116&#97&#105&#108&#105&#110&#103 the species's distribution &#112&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114&#110&#46 &#84&#114&#97&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115&#13&#10&#104&#97&#118&#101 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 neglected &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#108&#121 &#116&#105&#110&#121 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 &#115&#117&#99&#104&#13&#10&#97&#115 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 semilanceata, that &#116&#101&#110&#100 &#116&#111 &#115&#104&#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114&#13&#10&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#97&#116&#115 &#119&#105&#116&#104 other, more prominent &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#13&#10&#115&#97&#114&#99&#97&#115&#116&#105&#99 &#112&#104&#114&#97&#115&#101 &#34&#84&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 occur in abundance wherever mycologists abound" &#105&#115&#13&#10&#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#112&#101&#114&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 &#105&#110 &#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#99&#101 to the Psilocybe species. Prior to the discovery &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#103&#101&#110&#117&#115 &#108&#97&#110&#103&#117&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 in the literature, shrouded in obscurity. To this day, few 189.<br> Psilocybe semilanceata Fr. Worthless] The cap is &#117&#110&#105&#102&#111&#114&#109&#108&#121 &#99&#111&#110&#105&#99 &#116&#111 &#98&#101&#108&#108&#45&#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#100&#44 with a pointy or obtuse &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#97&#110 &#97&#108&#109&#111&#115&#116 &#119&#97&#114&#116&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101 protrusion; &#105&#110&#105&#116&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#99&#97&#112&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 taller than &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#114&#101 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#44 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101 bent and curved inward; later on, width of &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 &#49&#46&#53&#45&#52 &#99&#109&#46 &#72&#121&#103&#114&#111&#112&#104&#97&#110&#111&#117&#115&#59 coloration is a &#100&#105&#114&#116&#121&#105&#115&#104 &#111&#108&#105&#118&#101&#45&#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#119&#101&#116&#44 with translucent striate &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115&#59 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44&#13&#10&#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 is ocher or greenish-yellow against &#97&#110 &#111&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108&#108 &#115&#104&#97&#100&#101 &#111&#102 &#115&#109&#117&#100&#103&#121 pale &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#105&#115&#104 stains; only the margins are banded &#98&#121 &#97 &#100&#97&#114&#107&#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100&#44 &#119&#97&#116&#101&#114&#121&#13&#10&#115&#116&#114&#105&#112&#101 around &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#100&#103&#101&#46 &#78&#111 &#115&#116&#114&#105&#112&#101&#115 or banding &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#101 completely dried. Lacking a veil, &#99&#97&#112&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#105&#110&#45&#102&#108&#101&#115&#104&#101&#100&#44 &#98&#97&#108&#100&#44 with an easily &#115&#101&#112&#97&#114&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#112&#101&#108&#108&#105&#99&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#115 &#103&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#110&#111&#117&#115&#45&#115&#116&#105&#99&#107&#121 for a long time, turning shiny when dry. Gills are &#111&#108&#105&#118&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 purple brown in &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#100&#103&#101&#115 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103 white, &#103&#105&#108&#108 &#115&#112&#97&#99&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#115 &#113&#117&#105&#116&#101 crowded; gill attachment &#105&#115 &#101&#105&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 &#108&#105&#110&#101&#97&#114 or mostly &#97&#100&#110&#101&#120&#101&#100&#59 &#117&#112 &#116&#111 &#51&#46&#53 mm wide; attached at the stem only, fully &#100&#101&#116&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#114&#101 elongated to ellipitical in shape, smooth and large, &#109&#101&#97&#115&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#49&#50&#45&#49&#54 &#117&#13&#10&#98&#121 &#54&#45&#56&#44&#117&#46 &#67&#111&#108&#111&#114 of spore dust is blackish purple &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#116&#101&#109 &#105&#115 &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#115&#108&#101&#110&#100&#101&#114&#44 almost uniformly thin and always &#116&#119&#105&#115&#116&#101&#100&#44 &#54&#45&#49&#50 &#99&#109 &#108&#111&#110&#103 and 1.25-2 mm thick, yellowish &#111&#114 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#105&#115&#104 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#59 areas subjected to pressure develop bluishgreen stains. Stems &#97&#114&#101 &#115&#105&#108&#107&#121 &#115&#109&#111&#111&#116&#104 &#97&#110&#100 roughly at the &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44 &#99&#111&#114&#116&#105&#110&#97&#116&#101 &#102&#105&#98&#114&#105&#108&#115 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114 like remnants of a veil, which is brittle and &#108&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101 fibrous cord of wool-like texture.<br> When dry, the flesh of the cap is colored pale yellow, while the stem's flesh is ocher &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 &#101&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 towards the bottom. &#73&#116 &#105&#115 &#111&#100&#111&#114&#108&#101&#115&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#105&#116&#115 flavor is mild. The mushroom grows from August &#116&#111 &#79&#99&#116&#111&#98&#101&#114&#44 &#102&#114&#101&#113&#117&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121 &#105&#110 gregarious clusters, and can be found in &#112&#97&#115&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#114&#111&#97&#100&#119&#97&#121&#115&#44 growing on dung that &#104&#97&#115 &#117&#110&#100&#101&#114&#103&#111&#110&#101 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#99&#111&#109&#112&#111&#115&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 &#73&#116 is not a &#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#114&#97&#114&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#49&#49&#40&#97&#98&#111&#118&#101&#41 This excellent description &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#98&#121 &#77&#105&#99&#104&#97&#101&#108 & &#83&#99&#104&#117&#108&#122&#13&#10&#40&#49&#57&#50&#55&#41 &#105&#115 &#115&#104&#111&#119&#110 &#104&#101&#114&#101 as originally published in German, with an &#69&#110&#103&#108&#105&#115&#104 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#13&#10&#77&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#115&#112&#97 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 reported from the following countries: Finland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, The Netherlands, Belgium, France, Russia, Poland, the former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Scotland, England, Wales, Italy and Spain.<br> Unfortunately, there are no comprehensive maps detailing the species's distribution pattern.<br> &#84&#114&#97&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115&#13&#10&#104&#97&#118&#101 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#110&#101&#103&#108&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#108&#121 tiny species, such as Psilocybe semilanceata, that tend to share their habitats &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#109&#111&#114&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#109&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 species.<br> The sarcastic phrase "The mushrooms occur in abundance wherever &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#110&#100&#34 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#112&#101&#114&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 in reference to the Psilocybe species. Prior to &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#121 &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#44 the Psilocybe genus languished in the literature, shrouded in obscurity.<br> To this day, few 189.<br> Psilocybe semilanceata &#70&#114&#46 &#91&#87&#111&#114&#116&#104&#108&#101&#115&#115&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 uniformly conic to &#98&#101&#108&#108&#45&#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#100&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97 &#112&#111&#105&#110&#116&#121 or obtuse &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#97&#110 &#97&#108&#109&#111&#115&#116 &#119&#97&#114&#116&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#116&#114&#117&#115&#105&#111&#110&#59 initially, caps &#97&#114&#101 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#116&#97&#108&#108&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#97&#110 they are wide, margins are &#98&#101&#110&#116 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#117&#114&#118&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#119&#97&#114&#100&#59 later on, width of cap &#105&#115 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/cowmanureshrooms.php" title="Cowmanureshrooms" alt="Cowmanureshrooms" >Cowmanureshrooms</a> &#49&#46&#53&#45&#52 &#99&#109&#46 &#72&#121&#103&#114&#111&#112&#104&#97&#110&#111&#117&#115&#59 coloration is a dirtyish olive-brown when &#119&#101&#116&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#117&#99&#101&#110&#116 &#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#116&#101 margins; at the center, coloration is ocher &#111&#114 &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#105&#115&#104&#45&#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119 &#97&#103&#97&#105&#110&#115&#116 &#97&#110 overall shade &#111&#102 &#115&#109&#117&#100&#103&#121 &#112&#97&#108&#101 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119 and oftentimes some greenish stains; only the margins are banded by a darkcolored, watery stripe around the edge. No &#115&#116&#114&#105&#112&#101&#115 &#111&#114 &#98&#97&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116 when mushrooms are completely dried. &#76&#97&#99&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#97 &#118&#101&#105&#108&#44 &#99&#97&#112&#115 are thin-fleshed, bald, with an easily separable &#112&#101&#108&#108&#105&#99&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#115 &#103&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#110&#111&#117&#115&#45&#115&#116&#105&#99&#107&#121 &#102&#111&#114 a &#108&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#44 &#116&#117&#114&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#104&#105&#110&#121 &#119&#104&#101&#110 dry. Gills &#97&#114&#101 &#111&#108&#105&#118&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111 blackish purple brown in color, with the edges often remaining white, gill &#115&#112&#97&#99&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#115 &#113&#117&#105&#116&#101 &#99&#114&#111&#119&#100&#101&#100&#59 &#103&#105&#108&#108 attachment is either roughly linear or mostly adnexed; up to &#51&#46&#53 &#109&#109 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#59 &#97&#116&#116&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 at the stem only, fully detached &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#101&#108&#111&#110&#103&#97&#116&#101&#100 to ellipitical in shape, smooth and large, measuring 12-16 u by &#54&#45&#56&#44&#117&#46 &#67&#111&#108&#111&#114 &#111&#102 &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101 dust is blackish purple brown.<br> Stem is very &#115&#108&#101&#110&#100&#101&#114&#44 &#97&#108&#109&#111&#115&#116 &#117&#110&#105&#102&#111&#114&#109&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#105&#110 &#97&#110&#100 always twisted, &#54&#45&#49&#50 &#99&#109 &#108&#111&#110&#103 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#49&#46&#50&#53&#45&#50 mm thick, yellowish or whitish in color; areas subjected to pressure develop &#98&#108&#117&#105&#115&#104&#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#13&#10&#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#46 &#83&#116&#101&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#115&#105&#108&#107&#121 smooth and roughly at &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44 &#99&#111&#114&#116&#105&#110&#97&#116&#101 &#102&#105&#98&#114&#105&#108&#115 appear like remnants &#111&#102 &#97 &#118&#101&#105&#108&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#105&#115 brittle and &#108&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101 fibrous cord &#111&#102 &#119&#111&#111&#108&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#116&#101&#120&#116&#117&#114&#101&#46&#13&#10&#87&#104&#101&#110 &#100&#114&#121&#44 &#116&#104&#101 flesh of the cap is &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100 &#112&#97&#108&#101 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#108&#101 the stem's flesh &#105&#115&#13&#10&#111&#99&#104&#101&#114 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 especially towards the bottom.<br> It is odorless and its flavor is mild. The mushroom grows from August to October, frequently &#105&#110 &#103&#114&#101&#103&#97&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#99&#108&#117&#115&#116&#101&#114&#115&#44 &#97&#110&#100 can be found in pastures &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 &#114&#111&#97&#100&#119&#97&#121&#115&#44 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 on dung that has undergone complete decomposition. It is not &#97 &#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#114&#97&#114&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 11(above) This excellent description of Psilocybe &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#98&#121 &#77&#105&#99&#104&#97&#101&#108 &#38 Schulz (1927) is shown &#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#115 &#111&#114&#105&#103&#105&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#112&#117&#98&#108&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 in German, with an English translation. Mycologists spa have been reported from the following countries: &#70&#105&#110&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#78&#111&#114&#119&#97&#121&#44&#13&#10&#83&#119&#101&#100&#101&#110&#44 &#68&#101&#110&#109&#97&#114&#107&#44 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#44 Switzerland, Austria, The Netherlands, &#66&#101&#108&#103&#105&#117&#109&#44 &#70&#114&#97&#110&#99&#101&#44&#13&#10&#82&#117&#115&#115&#105&#97&#44 &#80&#111&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#116&#104&#101 former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, &#83&#99&#111&#116&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#87&#97&#108&#101&#115&#44&#13&#10&#73&#116&#97&#108&#121 &#97&#110&#100 Spain. Unfortunately, &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#114&#101 &#110&#111 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#114&#101&#104&#101&#110&#115&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#109&#97&#112&#115 &#100&#101&#116&#97&#105&#108&#105&#110&#103 the species's distribution pattern. Traditionally, mycologists have often neglected relatively tiny &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 &#115&#117&#99&#104&#13&#10&#97&#115 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#44 that tend &#116&#111 &#115&#104&#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114&#13&#10&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116&#97&#116&#115 &#119&#105&#116&#104 other, more prominent species. The sarcastic phrase "The mushrooms occur in abundance wherever mycologists abound" is particularly pertinent in reference to the Psilocybe species. Prior to the discovery of psilocybin, the Psilocybe genus &#108&#97&#110&#103&#117&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#105&#116&#101&#114&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101&#44&#13&#10&#115&#104&#114&#111&#117&#100&#101&#100 in obscurity. To this day, few 189. Psilocybe &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#70&#114&#46 &#87&#111&#114&#116&#104&#108&#101&#115&#115&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#99&#97&#112 is &#117&#110&#105&#102&#111&#114&#109&#108&#121 &#99&#111&#110&#105&#99 &#116&#111 &#98&#101&#108&#108&#45&#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#100&#44 with a pointy or obtuse &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114 &#102&#111&#114&#109&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#97&#110 &#97&#108&#109&#111&#115&#116 &#119&#97&#114&#116&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101 protrusion; initially, caps are &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#116&#97&#108&#108&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#121 are wide, margins are bent and &#99&#117&#114&#118&#101&#100 &#105&#110&#119&#97&#114&#100&#59 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#111&#110&#44 width &#111&#102 &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 &#49&#46&#53&#45&#52 cm. Hygrophanous; coloration is a &#100&#105&#114&#116&#121&#105&#115&#104 &#111&#108&#105&#118&#101&#45&#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#119&#101&#116&#44 with translucent striate &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115&#59 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44&#13&#10&#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 is ocher or greenish-yellow against an overall shade of &#115&#109&#117&#100&#103&#121 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/bad+shrooms/shrooms+pic.php" title="Bad Shrooms Shrooms Pic" alt="Bad Shrooms Shrooms Pic" >Bad Shrooms Shrooms Pic</a> &#112&#97&#108&#101 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 some greenish &#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#59 &#111&#110&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115 are banded by a darkcolored, watery stripe around the edge. No stripes or banding &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#116 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#101 completely dried. Lacking a veil, caps are thin-fleshed, bald, with an easily separable pellicle that remains gelatinous-sticky &#102&#111&#114 &#97 &#108&#111&#110&#103 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#44 turning &#115&#104&#105&#110&#121 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#100&#114&#121&#46&#13&#10&#71&#105&#108&#108&#115 &#97&#114&#101 olive &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 brown in color, with the edges often remaining white, gill &#115&#112&#97&#99&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#115 &#113&#117&#105&#116&#101 &#99&#114&#111&#119&#100&#101&#100&#59 gill &#97&#116&#116&#97&#99&#104&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#105&#115 &#101&#105&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 linear or mostly adnexed; up &#116&#111 &#51&#46&#53 &#109&#109 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#59 attached at &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#101&#109 &#111&#110&#108&#121&#44 &#102&#117&#108&#108&#121 detached later &#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#101&#108&#111&#110&#103&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 ellipitical &#105&#110 &#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#44 &#115&#109&#111&#111&#116&#104 &#97&#110&#100 large, measuring 12-16 u by 6-8,u. Color of spore dust is blackish purple brown. Stem is very slender, almost &#117&#110&#105&#102&#111&#114&#109&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#105&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#108&#119&#97&#121&#115 twisted, 6-12 cm &#108&#111&#110&#103 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#49&#46&#50&#53&#45&#50 &#109&#109 &#116&#104&#105&#99&#107&#44 yellowish or whitish &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#59 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 to pressure develop bluishgreen stains. Stems &#97&#114&#101 &#115&#105&#108&#107&#121 &#115&#109&#111&#111&#116&#104 &#97&#110&#100 roughly at the center, cortinate fibrils appear like remnants of a veil, which is brittle and lined with &#97 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101 &#102&#105&#98&#114&#111&#117&#115 &#99&#111&#114&#100 of wool-like texture. When dry, the &#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#97&#112 is colored &#112&#97&#108&#101 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#101 stem's flesh is ocher &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 &#101&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 towards the bottom.<br> It is &#111&#100&#111&#114&#108&#101&#115&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#105&#116&#115 &#102&#108&#97&#118&#111&#114 &#105&#115 mild. The mushroom grows &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#65&#117&#103&#117&#115&#116 &#116&#111 &#79&#99&#116&#111&#98&#101&#114&#44 frequently in gregarious clusters, &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#97&#110&#13&#10&#98&#101 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#105&#110 pastures and along roadways, &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#110 &#100&#117&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#97&#116 has undergone &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#99&#111&#109&#112&#111&#115&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 &#73&#116 &#105&#115 &#110&#111&#116 a particularly rare species. Figure 11(above) &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#101&#120&#99&#101&#108&#108&#101&#110&#116 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#112&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 Psilocybe semilanceata by Michael & Schulz (1927) is shown here &#97&#115 &#111&#114&#105&#103&#105&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#112&#117&#98&#108&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 an &#69&#110&#103&#108&#105&#115&#104 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#13&#10&#77&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#115&#112 <p align="center"> &#65&#115 <u>psilocybe subaeruginosa medium</u> &#116&#104&#101&#121 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/mushroom+cultivation.php" title="Mushroom Cultivation" alt="Mushroom Cultivation" >Mushroom Cultivation</a> &#115&#97&#121&#44 &#700&#84&#105&#115 <i>northern california psilocybe mushrooms</i> the season to be pickingʼ, &#98&#117&#116 &#109&#97&#107&#101 </p> <p align="left"> , and who gorge themselves on our &#116&#97&#120 &#100&#111&#108&#108&#97&#114&#115&#46&#13&#10&#73 &#109&#101&#116 &#74&#111&#99&#104&#101&#110 &#71&#97&#114&#116&#122 shortly &#97&#102&#116&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#97&#108&#108 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 Berlin Wall at the third symposium of &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 &#67&#111&#108&#108&#101&#103&#101 &#102&#111&#114 &#116&#104&#101 Study of Consciousness (ECSC) &#105&#110 &#70&#114&#101&#105&#98&#117&#114&#103&#44 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#46 &#79&#117&#114 encounter &#119&#97&#115&#13&#10&#109&#121 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#97&#99&#116 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97 &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104&#101&#114 from the former East &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#46 &#74&#111&#99&#104&#101&#110 &#71&#97&#114&#116&#122&#39&#115 &#101&#110&#116&#104&#117&#115&#105&#97&#115&#116&#105&#99 lecture was a truly &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#101&#120&#112&#97&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103 &#101&#118&#101&#110&#116&#44 &#104&#105&#115&#13&#10&#119&#111&#114&#100&#115 &#98&#114&#101&#97&#107&#105&#110&#103 down &#116&#114&#97&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108 &#98&#111&#114&#100&#101&#114&#115 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#99&#114&#111&#115&#115&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#118&#101&#114 into &#110&#101&#119 &#116&#101&#114&#114&#105&#116&#111&#114&#121&#46 &#84&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 spoke through him &#45 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#110&#111 &#116&#114&#97&#99&#101 of dogma or ideology - &#105&#110&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#116&#114&#97&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 &#116&#114&#117&#101 anarchy that is the hallmark of mushroom magic.<br> What I heard was unbelievable. Jochen spoke of &#97 &#34&#110&#101&#119&#34 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#101&#100&#101&#108&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 its migration. The mycelia had spread &#105&#110&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#99&#101&#110&#116&#114&#105&#99 &#99&#105&#114&#99&#108&#101&#115 &#111&#117&#116&#119&#97&#114&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109 Leipzig, &#106&#117&#109&#112&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#97&#108&#108 &#112&#111&#108&#105&#116&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#98&#111&#114&#100&#101&#114&#115&#46 &#70&#105&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 when the mycelia reached West German soil, the hated &#66&#101&#114&#108&#105&#110 &#87&#97&#108&#108&#13&#10&#99&#114&#117&#109&#98&#108&#101&#100&#46 &#67&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#112&#111&#115&#115&#105&#98&#108&#121 &#98&#101 a connection between the evolution of the magic &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#101&#118&#111&#108&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#111&#102 our consciousness? Could a mushroom have contributed to the resolution of our political conflicts? In the past, politicians, even popes, had their &#111&#119&#110 &#106&#101&#115&#116&#101&#114&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#105&#97&#110&#115&#44 who functioned as pressure release valves &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#99&#104&#105&#110&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#112&#111&#108&#105&#116&#105&#99&#97&#108 power struggles. It is <u>how to pick magic mushrooms</u> obvious that a country whose chancellor is <i>Things To Do While On Shrooms</i> being pelted with eggs, urgently needs &#97 &#110&#101&#119 &#98&#114&#101&#101&#100 &#111&#102 magician who are able to &#114&#101&#97&#100&#106&#117&#115&#116 &#114&#101&#97&#108&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#66&#117&#116 &#116&#111&#100&#97&#121&#44 no &#97&#115&#112&#105&#114&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#105&#97&#110 &#115&#104&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#103&#111 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 this &#116&#97&#115&#107 &#119&#105&#116&#104&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#105&#115&#13&#10&#98&#111&#111&#107 &#97&#115 a guide for the wondrous journey into &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#97&#108&#109 &#111&#102 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#46&#13&#10&#67&#104&#114&#105&#115&#116&#105&#97&#110 Rdtsch Figure &#53 &#45 &#34&#65&#110&#116&#104&#114&#111&#112&#111&#109&#111&#114&#112&#104&#105&#99 &#66&#101&#105&#110&#103&#115 Engaged &#105&#110 &#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#68&#97&#110&#99&#101&#34&#13&#10&#49&#48&#44&#48&#48&#48&#45&#121&#101&#97&#114&#45&#111&#108&#100 &#114&#111&#99&#107 drawing in Tassili, &#83&#97&#104&#97&#114&#97 &#40&#65&#108&#103&#101&#114&#105&#97&#41&#13&#10&#67&#72&#65&#80&#84&#69&#82 &#49&#13&#10&#73 &#66&#69&#76&#73&#69&#86&#69 THE TIME HAS COME FOR A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF NEW FINDINGS FROM THE &#70&#73&#69&#76&#68&#83 &#79&#70 &#77&#89&#67&#79&#76&#79&#71&#89&#44 &#84&#65&#88&#79&#78&#79&#77&#89 AND NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY When &#82&#46&#71&#46 &#87&#97&#115&#115&#111&#110&#44 &#82&#46 &#72&#101&#105&#109 and A.<br> Hofmann began &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#100&#105&#115&#99&#105&#112&#108&#105&#110&#97&#114&#121 &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104&#13&#10&#112&#114&#111&#103&#114&#97&#109 &#116&#111 study the Mexican species of mushrooms and their usage in Mexican mushroom cults, &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#101&#102&#102&#111&#114&#116&#115 &#99&#117&#108&#109&#105&#110&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#105&#110 a 1958 landmark report that described the isolation, molecular structure and synthesis &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#39 &#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#105&#110&#103&#114&#101&#100&#105&#101&#110&#116&#115&#58 psilocybin &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#105&#110&#46 &#83&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#121&#101&#97&#114&#115 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114&#44 these &#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101&#115&#13&#10&#119&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#108&#115&#111 &#105&#100&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#101&#100 &#105&#110 a species of mushroom &#105&#110&#13&#10&#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#44 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 became the first in a series &#111&#102 &#110&#101&#119&#108&#121 &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 Since then, psychoactive mushrooms from other genera have been &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#105&#110&#99&#114&#101&#97&#115&#105&#110&#103 &#102&#114&#101&#113&#117&#101&#110&#99&#121&#46&#13&#10&#65&#115 part of &#109&#121 &#97&#110&#97&#108&#121&#116&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#119&#111&#114&#107 &#100&#101&#100&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101&#100&#13&#10&#116&#111 the identification of &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114&#114&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#99&#104&#101&#109&#105&#99&#97&#108&#115&#44 &#73 &#104&#97&#100 the good &#102&#111&#114&#116&#117&#110&#101 &#116&#111 &#98&#101 &#112&#97&#114&#116 &#111&#102 a research team that studied alkaloids found in a variety of mushroom species. &#78&#111&#119 &#73 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#116&#105&#109&#101 has come for a comprehensive review of new findings from <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/fun+things+to+do+on+shrooms.php" title="Fun Things To Do On Shrooms" alt="Fun Things To Do On Shrooms" >Fun Things To Do On Shrooms</a> the fields of mycology, taxonomy and natural products chemistry. Wasson and his successors &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#97&#108&#114&#101&#97&#100&#121 &#112&#114&#111&#118&#105&#100&#101&#100&#13&#10&#100&#101&#116&#97&#105&#108&#101&#100 <b>magic mushrooms spores from mexico</b> &#97&#99&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#115 pertaining to &#116&#104&#101 &#104&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#121 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#115&#116&#117&#100&#121 &#111&#102 the &#77&#101 </p> Existing evidence indicates that man in the Old World —Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia—has made less use of native plants and shrubs for their hallucinogenic properties than has man in the New World. There is little reason to believe that the vegetation of one half of the globe is poorer or richer in species with hallucinogenic properties than the other half. Why, then, should there be such disparity? Has man in the Old World simply not discovered many of the native hallucinogenic plants? Are some of them too toxic in other ways to be utilized? Or has man in the Old World been culturally less interested in narcotics? We have no real answer. But we do know that the Old World has fewer known species employed hallucinogenically than does the New World: compared with only 15 or 20 species used in the Eastern Hemisphere, the species used hallucinogenically in the Western Hemisphere number more than 100! Yet some of the Old World hallucinogens today hold places of primacy throughout the world. Cannabis, undoubtedly the most widespread of all the hallucinogens, is perhaps the best example. The several solanaceous ingredients of medieval witches' brews—henbane, nightshade, belladonna, and mandrake—greatly influenced European philosophy, medicine, and even history for many years. Some played an extraordinarily vital religious role in the early Aryan cultures of northern India. The role of hallucinogens in the cultural and social development of many areas of the Old World is only now being investigated. At every turn, its exte <u>Zoomers</u> <div align="justify"> This &#100&#111&#99&#117&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#112&#114&#111&#118&#105&#100&#101&#115 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101 Zoomers &#100&#105&#114&#101&#99&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 for cultivating <b>Growing Shrooms From Cow Manure</b> <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/legal/mushroom+spore.php" title="Spore Forum Spore Forum Spore" alt="Spore Forum Spore Forum Spore" >Spore Forum Spore Forum Spore</a> psilocybin </div> &#111&#119&#110&#13&#10&#99&#97&#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#100&#101&#97&#116&#104 and disease, bloated &#115&#116&#111&#109&#97&#99&#104&#115 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#105&#110&#115&#97&#110&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#66&#101&#108&#105&#101&#102&#115 &#115&#117&#99&#104 as &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#115&#117&#114&#118&#105&#118&#101&#100 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 present &#100&#97&#121&#46 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/grow.php" title="Grow" alt="Grow" >Grow</a> &#84&#104&#101&#121 &#112&#101&#114&#115&#105&#115&#116&#44 &#102&#111&#114 example,,, as figures of speech, s u c &#104 &#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#108&#105&#99&#107 Austrian description of &#97 &#115&#111&#99&#105&#101&#116&#97&#108 &#109&#105&#115&#102&#105&#116 &#97&#115 someone "who ate those madness-inducing mushrooms.<br>" But, there &#105&#115 &#97&#110&#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#44 &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116&#44&#13&#10&#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 mushroom legacy as well. Flesh of &#116&#104&#101 &#71&#111&#100&#115 &#102&#111&#114 &#68&#101&#118&#105&#108 Worshippers The Old &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100&#46 &#77&#121&#99&#101&#110&#97&#101&#97&#110 &#99&#105&#118&#105&#108&#105&#122&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#98&#101&#103&#97&#110 &#119&#105&#116&#104 a &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#116&#114&#105&#112 &#45&#77&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101&#13&#10&#97&#110 ingredient in the ambrosia of Dionysus. Porphyrius, the &#102&#111&#117&#114&#116&#104 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#117&#114&#121 &#76&#97&#116&#105&#110 &#112&#111&#101&#116 and contemporary of Emperor Konstantin, knew that &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101 children of &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#103&#111&#100&#115&#46&#13&#10&#87&#72&#79 &#87&#65&#83 &#84&#72&#69 &#70&#73&#82&#83&#84 MAGICIAN? A quasi-cannibalistic ritual, the act of eating the children of the &#103&#111&#100&#115 &#117&#110&#108&#111&#99&#107&#101&#100 &#111&#110&#101&#39&#115 &#112&#111&#119&#101&#114 to experience the truly divine. But not all mushrooms enable human beings to enter the realm &#111&#102 &#100&#105&#118&#105&#110&#101 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#105&#115 magic power resides in only those fungi known as "fool's mushrooms", which &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#112&#111&#105&#115&#111&#110&#111&#117&#115&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#101&#100 to be the spawn of the Devil throughout the late Middle Ages and well &#105&#110&#116&#111&#13&#10&#109&#111&#100&#101&#114&#110 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#78&#101&#119 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100&#58 The &#65&#122&#116&#101&#99&#115 &#105&#110 &#77&#101&#120&#105&#99&#111&#13&#10&#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#111 a number of small, inconspicuous mushrooms as teonartacatl, or "flesh of the Gods." These sacred mushrooms &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#101&#97&#116&#101&#110&#13&#10&#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#111&#117&#114&#115&#101 of rituals &#105&#110&#116&#101&#110&#100&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#97&#99&#116&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#71&#111&#100&#115 in order to learn about the world and the realm of the &#100&#105&#118&#105&#110&#101&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#13&#10&#114&#105&#116&#117&#97&#108&#115 thoroughly spooked the Catholic Spaniards.<br> The &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#101&#97&#116&#101&#114&#115&#44 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110&#108&#121&#13&#10&#116&#104&#111&#117&#103&#104&#116 &#111&#102 as Devil worshippers, were hounded by the Inquisition. Still, all good things survive the tests of time, so the cult of magic mushroom eaters did &#110&#111&#116 &#98&#101&#99&#111&#109&#101 &#101&#120&#116&#105&#110&#99&#116&#46 &#76&#105&#107&#101 mycelia underground, the cult continued &#116&#111 &#102&#108&#111&#117&#114&#105&#115&#104&#44 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#112&#101&#114 time in &#114&#101&#99&#111&#114&#100&#101&#100 &#104&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#121&#44 &#105&#110 &#49&#57&#53&#55&#44&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116 of the fully grown &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#114&#101&#45&#115&#117&#114&#102&#97&#99&#101&#100&#13&#10&#116&#111 &#100&#114&#97&#119 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/howcanyoutellifamushroompsilocybin.php" title="Howcanyoutellifamushroompsilocybin" alt="Howcanyoutellifamushroompsilocybin" >Howcanyoutellifamushroompsilocybin</a> &#119&#105&#100&#101&#115&#112&#114&#101&#97&#100 public attention. Valentine and Gordon &#87&#97&#115&#115&#111&#110 &#98&#101&#99&#97&#109&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#104&#101&#114&#111&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#109&#111&#100&#101&#114&#110 neo-mycophilic movement. Back &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#79&#108&#100 &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100&#58 The revelations and insights gained from &#116&#104&#101 &#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 were so magically wonderful, that our &#110&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 &#34&#102&#111&#111&#108&#39&#115 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#34 - which were gene ; considered inedible - had to be recognized as closely &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 of Mexico, the flesh &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#65&#122&#116&#101&#99&#13&#10&#71&#111&#100&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101 souls of magic mushrooms in Mexico and &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121 &#97&#114&#101 &#101&#115&#115&#101&#110&#116&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#109&#97&#100&#101 from &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#97&#109&#101&#13&#10&#115&#117&#98&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101&#58 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#46&#13&#10&#74&#111&#99&#104&#101&#110 &#71&#97&#114&#116&#122 has made an &#101&#120&#116&#114&#97&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#97&#114&#121&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#105&#101&#108&#100 of mycology by embracing Germany's magic mushrooms and the scientific study and testing of these fungi. The research efforts &#117&#112&#111&#110 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#98&#111&#111&#107 is based &#114&#101&#113&#117&#105&#114&#101&#13&#10&#110&#111&#116&#104&#105&#110&#103 &#108&#101&#115&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#97 fearless, brave and courageous consciousness, free of prejudice and mycophobia. I am convinced &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#97 &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104&#101&#114&#39&#115 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115&#13&#10&#105&#110&#102&#117&#115&#101&#100 &#98&#121 the spirit &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 is capable of far deeper scientific insights than we can ever expect &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#117&#115&#117&#97&#108 &#105&#118&#111&#114&#121 tower academics, &#105&#115&#111&#108&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#114&#101&#97&#108&#105&#116&#121 <p align="left"> a have been reported from the following countries: Finland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, The Netherlands, Belgium, France, Russia, Poland, the former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Scotland, England, Wales, Italy and &#83&#112&#97&#105&#110&#46&#13&#10&#85&#110&#102&#111&#114&#116&#117&#110&#97&#116&#101&#108&#121&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#114&#101 &#110&#111 comprehensive maps detailing &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#39&#115&#13&#10&#100&#105&#115&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#112&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114&#110&#46 &#84&#114&#97&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 mycologists have often neglected relatively tiny species, such as Psilocybe semilanceata, that tend to share their habitats with other, more prominent species. The sarcastic phrase "The mushrooms occur in abundance wherever mycologists abound" is particularly pertinent in reference to the Psilocybe species. Prior to the discovery of psilocybin, &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#103&#101&#110&#117&#115 &#108&#97&#110&#103&#117&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 literature, shrouded in obscurity.<br> To this &#100&#97&#121&#44 &#102&#101&#119&#13&#10&#49&#56&#57&#46 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 Fr. &#91&#87&#111&#114&#116&#104&#108&#101&#115&#115&#93&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 &#117&#110&#105&#102&#111&#114&#109&#108&#121 conic to bell-shaped, with a pointy or obtuse center &#102&#111&#114&#109&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#97&#110 &#97&#108&#109&#111&#115&#116 &#119&#97&#114&#116&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#116&#114&#117&#115&#105&#111&#110&#59 initially, &#99&#97&#112&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#116&#97&#108&#108&#101&#114 than they are wide, &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101 &#98&#101&#110&#116 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#117&#114&#118&#101&#100 inward; &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#111&#110&#44 &#119&#105&#100&#116&#104 &#111&#102 cap is &#49&#46&#53&#45&#52 &#99&#109&#46 &#72&#121&#103&#114&#111&#112&#104&#97&#110&#111&#117&#115&#59 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#105&#115 a dirtyish olive-brown when wet, with translucent striate margins; at the center, coloration is ocher <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/PSILOCYBE+STUNTZII.php" title="Psilocybe Stuntzii" alt="Psilocybe Stuntzii" >Psilocybe Stuntzii</a> or greenish-yellow against an &#111&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108&#108 &#115&#104&#97&#100&#101 &#111&#102 &#115&#109&#117&#100&#103&#121 pale yellow &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#105&#115&#104 &#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#59 only the margins are banded &#98&#121 &#97 &#100&#97&#114&#107&#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100&#44 &#119&#97&#116&#101&#114&#121&#13&#10&#115&#116&#114&#105&#112&#101 around the edge. No stripes or banding evident when mushrooms are &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101&#108&#121&#13&#10&#100&#114&#105&#101&#100&#46 &#76&#97&#99&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#97 &#118&#101&#105&#108&#44 caps &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#105&#110&#45&#102&#108&#101&#115&#104&#101&#100&#44 &#98&#97&#108&#100&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 an easily separable pellicle that remains gelatinous-sticky for a long &#116&#105&#109&#101&#44 &#116&#117&#114&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#104&#105&#110&#121 &#119&#104&#101&#110 dry.<br> Gills &#97&#114&#101 &#111&#108&#105&#118&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111 blackish &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 with the edges often remaining white, gill &#115&#112&#97&#99&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#115 &#113&#117&#105&#116&#101 &#99&#114&#111&#119&#100&#101&#100&#59 gill attachment is either roughly linear or mostly adnexed; up &#116&#111 &#51&#46&#53 &#109&#109 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#59 attached at the stem only, &#102&#117&#108&#108&#121 &#100&#101&#116&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115 are elongated to ellipitical in shape, smooth &#97&#110&#100 &#108&#97&#114&#103&#101&#44 &#109&#101&#97&#115&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#49&#50&#45&#49&#54 u by 6-8,u.<br> Color &#111&#102 &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101 &#100&#117&#115&#116 &#105&#115 &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 purple brown. Stem &#105&#115 &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#115&#108&#101&#110&#100&#101&#114&#44 &#97&#108&#109&#111&#115&#116 uniformly thin and always twisted, &#54&#45&#49&#50 &#99&#109 &#108&#111&#110&#103 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#49&#46&#50&#53&#45&#50 mm thick, yellowish or whitish in color; &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#117&#114&#101 &#100&#101&#118&#101&#108&#111&#112 &#98&#108&#117&#105&#115&#104&#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#13&#10&#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#46 &#83&#116&#101&#109&#115 are silky smooth and roughly at the &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44 &#99&#111&#114&#116&#105&#110&#97&#116&#101 &#102&#105&#98&#114&#105&#108&#115 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114 like remnants of a veil, which is &#98&#114&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#97&#110&#100 &#108&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#119&#105&#116&#104 a &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101 &#102&#105&#98&#114&#111&#117&#115 &#99&#111&#114&#100 &#111&#102 wool-like texture. When dry, the flesh of the cap is colored pale &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#101&#109&#39&#115 flesh is ocher brown in color, especially towards &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#111&#116&#116&#111&#109&#46 &#73&#116 &#105&#115 odorless &#97&#110&#100 &#105&#116&#115 &#102&#108&#97&#118&#111&#114 &#105&#115 mild.<br> The mushroom grows from August to October, frequently &#105&#110 &#103&#114&#101&#103&#97&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#99&#108&#117&#115&#116&#101&#114&#115&#44 &#97&#110&#100 can be &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#105&#110 &#112&#97&#115&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 along roadways, growing on &#100&#117&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#104&#97&#115 &#117&#110&#100&#101&#114&#103&#111&#110&#101 complete decomposition. It is not a particularly rare species. Figure 11(above) This excellent description of Psilocybe semilanceata &#98&#121 &#77&#105&#99&#104&#97&#101&#108 &#38 &#83&#99&#104&#117&#108&#122&#13&#10&#40&#49&#57&#50&#55&#41 is shown here as &#111&#114&#105&#103&#105&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#112&#117&#98&#108&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#44 with &#97&#110 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#105&#115&#104 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#13&#10&#77&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#115&#112&#97 have been reported from the following countries: Finland, Norway, Sweden, &#68&#101&#110&#109&#97&#114&#107&#44 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#44 &#83&#119&#105&#116&#122&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44&#13&#10&#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#44 &#84&#104&#101 Netherlands, &#66&#101&#108&#103&#105&#117&#109&#44 &#70&#114&#97&#110&#99&#101&#44&#13&#10&#82&#117&#115&#115&#105&#97&#44 &#80&#111&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#116&#104&#101 former &#67&#122&#101&#99&#104&#111&#115&#108&#111&#118&#97&#107&#105&#97&#44&#13&#10&#72&#117&#110&#103&#97&#114&#121&#44 &#82&#111&#109&#97&#110&#105&#97&#44 &#83&#99&#111&#116&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 Wales, Italy and Spain. Unfortunately, there are no &#99&#111&#109&#112&#114&#101&#104&#101&#110&#115&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#109&#97&#112&#115 &#100&#101&#116&#97&#105&#108&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#39&#115&#13&#10&#100&#105&#115&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 pattern. Traditionally, mycologists have &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#110&#101&#103&#108&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#108&#121 &#116&#105&#110&#121 species, such as Psilocybe semilanceata, that tend to share their habitats with other, more prominent &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#13&#10&#115&#97&#114&#99&#97&#115&#116&#105&#99 &#112&#104&#114&#97&#115&#101 &#34&#84&#104&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 occur in abundance &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101&#118&#101&#114 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#110&#100&#34 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 pertinent &#105&#110 &#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 Psilocybe species.<br> &#80&#114&#105&#111&#114 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#121 &#111&#102 psilocybin, the Psilocybe &#103&#101&#110&#117&#115 &#108&#97&#110&#103&#117&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#105&#116&#101&#114&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101&#44&#13&#10&#115&#104&#114&#111&#117&#100&#101&#100 in &#111&#98&#115&#99&#117&#114&#105&#116&#121&#46 &#84&#111 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#100&#97&#121&#44 few 189.<br> Psilocybe semilanceata &#70&#114&#46 &#87&#111&#114&#116&#104&#108&#101&#115&#115&#93&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 &#117&#110&#105&#102&#111&#114&#109&#108&#121 conic to &#98&#101&#108&#108&#45&#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#100&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97 &#112&#111&#105&#110&#116&#121 or obtuse center forming an almost wart-like protrusion; initially, caps are often taller than they &#97&#114&#101 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#44 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101 &#98&#101&#110&#116 and curved inward; later on, width of cap is 1.5-4 cm. Hygrophanous; coloration is a dirtyish olive-brown when wet, with translucent striate margins; at the center, coloration is ocher or greenish-yellow against &#97&#110 &#111&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108&#108 &#115&#104&#97&#100&#101 &#111&#102 smudgy pale &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#105&#115&#104 &#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#59 only the margins are banded by a darkcolored, watery stripe around the &#101&#100&#103&#101&#46 &#78&#111 &#115&#116&#114&#105&#112&#101&#115 &#111&#114 &#98&#97&#110&#100&#105&#110&#103 evident when mushrooms are completely dried. Lacking a &#118&#101&#105&#108&#44 &#99&#97&#112&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#105&#110&#45&#102&#108&#101&#115&#104&#101&#100&#44 &#98&#97&#108&#100&#44 with an easily &#115&#101&#112&#97&#114&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#112&#101&#108&#108&#105&#99&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#115 &#103&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#110&#111&#117&#115&#45&#115&#116&#105&#99&#107&#121 &#102&#111&#114 a long time, &#116&#117&#114&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#104&#105&#110&#121 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#100&#114&#121&#46&#13&#10&#71&#105&#108&#108&#115 &#97&#114&#101 olive brown to blackish purple brown in color, with the edges often remaining white, gill spacing is quite crowded; gill attachment is either roughly linear or mostly adnexed; up &#116&#111 &#51&#46&#53 &#109&#109 &#119&#105&#100&#101&#59 &#97&#116&#116&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 at the stem only, fully detached &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#112&#111&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#101&#108&#111&#110&#103&#97&#116&#101&#100 to &#101&#108&#108&#105&#112&#105&#116&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#105&#110 &#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#44 &#115&#109&#111&#111&#116&#104 &#97&#110&#100 large, measuring 12-16 &#117&#13&#10&#98&#121 &#54&#45&#56&#44&#117&#46 &#67&#111&#108&#111&#114 &#111&#102 spore dust is blackish &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#116&#101&#109 &#105&#115 &#118&#101&#114&#121 slender, almost &#117&#110&#105&#102&#111&#114&#109&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#105&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#108&#119&#97&#121&#115 twisted, 6-12 cm long and 1.<br>25-2 &#109&#109 &#116&#104&#105&#99&#107&#44 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#115&#104 &#111&#114 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#105&#115&#104 in color; &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#117&#114&#101 develop bluishgreen stains. Stems are silky smooth and roughly at the center, cortinate fibrils appear like remnants &#111&#102 &#97 &#118&#101&#105&#108&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 is brittle and lined with a white fibrous cord of &#119&#111&#111&#108&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101&#13&#10&#116&#101&#120&#116&#117&#114&#101&#46&#13&#10&#87&#104&#101&#110 &#100&#114&#121&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 of the cap is &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100 &#112&#97&#108&#101 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#108&#101 the stem's flesh &#105&#115&#13&#10&#111&#99&#104&#101&#114 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 especially towards the bottom. It is odorless &#97&#110&#100 &#105&#116&#115 &#102&#108&#97&#118&#111&#114 &#105&#115 mild.<br> The mushroom grows from August to &#79&#99&#116&#111&#98&#101&#114&#44 &#102&#114&#101&#113&#117&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121 &#105&#110 &#103&#114&#101&#103&#97&#114&#105&#111&#117&#115 &#99&#108&#117&#115&#116&#101&#114&#115&#44 and can be found in pastures and along roadways, &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#110 &#100&#117&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#97&#116 has undergone complete decomposition. It is not a particularly rare species. Figure 11(above) This excellent description &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#98&#121 Michael & Schulz (1927) is shown &#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#115 &#111&#114&#105&#103&#105&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#112&#117&#98&#108&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 in German, with &#97&#110 &#69&#110&#103&#108&#105&#115&#104 &#116&#114&#97&#110&#115&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46&#13&#10&#13&#10&#77&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#115&#112&#97 have &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 countries: Finland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, &#84&#104&#101 &#78&#101&#116&#104&#101&#114&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115&#44 &#66&#101&#108&#103&#105&#117&#109&#44 &#70&#114&#97&#110&#99&#101&#44&#13&#10&#82&#117&#115&#115&#105&#97&#44 &#80&#111&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 the &#102&#111&#114&#109&#101&#114 &#67&#122&#101&#99&#104&#111&#115&#108&#111&#118&#97&#107&#105&#97&#44&#13&#10&#72&#117&#110&#103&#97&#114&#121&#44 &#82&#111&#109&#97&#110&#105&#97&#44 &#83&#99&#111&#116&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 England, Wales, Italy and Spain. Unfortunately, &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#114&#101 &#110&#111 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#114&#101&#104&#101&#110&#115&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#109&#97&#112&#115 detailing the species's distribution pattern. Traditionally, mycologists have &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#110&#101&#103&#108&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#114&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101&#108&#121 &#116&#105&#110&#121 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 &#115&#117&#99&#104&#13&#10&#97&#115 Psilocybe semilanceata, that tend to share their habitats with other, more prominent species.<br> The sarcastic phrase "The &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#97&#98&#117&#110&#100&#97&#110&#99&#101 &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101&#118&#101&#114 mycologists abound" is particularly pertinent in &#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 Prior to the discovery of psilocybin, the Psilocybe &#103&#101&#110&#117&#115 &#108&#97&#110&#103&#117&#105&#115&#104&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 literature, shrouded in obscurity. To this day, few 189. Psilocybe semilanceata &#70&#114&#46 &#91&#87&#111&#114&#116&#104&#108&#101&#115&#115&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 uniformly conic to bell-shaped, &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97 &#112&#111&#105&#110&#116&#121 &#111&#114 obtuse center forming an almost wart-like protrusion; initially, &#99&#97&#112&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110 &#116&#97&#108&#108&#101&#114 than they are &#119&#105&#100&#101&#44 &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101 &#98&#101&#110&#116 &#97&#110&#100 &#99&#117&#114&#118&#101&#100 inward; later on, width of cap &#105&#115 &#49&#46&#53&#45&#52 &#99&#109&#46 &#72&#121&#103&#114&#111&#112&#104&#97&#110&#111&#117&#115&#59 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#105&#115 &#97 &#100&#105&#114&#116&#121&#105&#115&#104 &#111&#108&#105&#118&#101&#45&#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 when wet, with translucent striate &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115&#59 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44&#13&#10&#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 is ocher or greenish-yellow against an overall shade &#111&#102 &#115&#109&#117&#100&#103&#121 &#112&#97&#108&#101 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119 and oftentimes &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#105&#115&#104 &#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#59 &#111&#110&#108&#121 the margins are banded &#98&#121 &#97 &#100&#97&#114&#107&#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100&#44 &#119&#97&#116&#101&#114&#121&#13&#10&#115&#116&#114&#105&#112&#101 around the &#101&#100&#103&#101&#46 &#78&#111 &#115&#116&#114&#105&#112&#101&#115 &#111&#114 banding evident when mushrooms are completely dried. Lacking a veil, caps are &#116&#104&#105&#110&#45&#102&#108&#101&#115&#104&#101&#100&#44 &#98&#97&#108&#100&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97&#110 easily separable &#112&#101&#108&#108&#105&#99&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#115 &#103&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#110&#111&#117&#115&#45&#115&#116&#105&#99&#107&#121 &#102&#111&#114 a long &#116&#105&#109&#101&#44 &#116&#117&#114&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#104&#105&#110&#121 &#119&#104&#101&#110 dry. Gills are olive brown to blackish purple brown in color, with &#116&#104&#101 &#101&#100&#103&#101&#115 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101&#44 gill spacing &#105&#115 &#113&#117&#105&#116&#101 &#99&#114&#111&#119&#100&#101&#100&#59 &#103&#105&#108&#108 attachment is either &#114&#111&#117&#103&#104&#108&#121 &#108&#105&#110&#101&#97&#114 &#111&#114&#13&#10&#109&#111&#115&#116&#108&#121 &#97&#100&#110&#101&#120&#101&#100&#59 &#117&#112 to 3.5 mm wide; &#97&#116&#116&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#101&#109 only, fully detached later on. Spores are elongated to ellipitical &#105&#110 &#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#44 &#115&#109&#111&#111&#116&#104 &#97&#110&#100 large, measuring 12-16 u by 6-8,u.<br> &#67&#111&#108&#111&#114 &#111&#102 &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101 &#100&#117&#115&#116 is &#98&#108&#97&#99&#107&#105&#115&#104 &#112&#117&#114&#112&#108&#101 &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#116&#101&#109 &#105&#115 very slender, almost uniformly thin and always twisted, 6-12 cm long and 1.25-2 &#109&#109 &#116&#104&#105&#99&#107&#44 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#115&#104 &#111&#114 whitish in color; areas subjected to &#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#117&#114&#101 &#100&#101&#118&#101&#108&#111&#112 &#98&#108&#117&#105&#115&#104&#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#13&#10&#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#46 &#83&#116&#101&#109&#115 &#97&#114&#101 silky smooth and roughly &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44 &#99&#111&#114&#116&#105&#110&#97&#116&#101 fibrils appear like remnants of a veil, &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#105&#115 &#98&#114&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#97&#110&#100 lined with a white fibrous cord of wool-like texture. When dry, the flesh of the cap is colored pale &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#101&#109&#39&#115 flesh is ocher brown in color, especially towards the bottom.<br> It &#105&#115 &#111&#100&#111&#114&#108&#101&#115&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#105&#116&#115 &#102&#108&#97&#118&#111&#114 &#105&#115 mild.<br> The mushroom grows from August to October, frequently in gregarious clusters, and can be found &#105&#110 &#112&#97&#115&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#108&#111&#110&#103 roadways, growing on dung that has undergone complete decomposition. It is not a &#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#114&#97&#114&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#49&#49&#40&#97&#98&#111&#118&#101&#41 This excellent description &#111&#102 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#98&#121 Michael & Schulz (1927) is shown here as originally published in German, with an English translation.<br> Mycologists &#115&#112&#97 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#102&#114&#111&#109&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 following &#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#114&#105&#101&#115&#58 &#70&#105&#110&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 &#78&#111&#114&#119&#97&#121&#44&#13&#10&#83&#119&#101&#100&#101&#110&#44 &#68&#101&#110&#109&#97&#114&#107&#44 &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#44 Switzerland, Austria, The Netherlands, Belgium, France, Russia, Poland, the former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/synthetic+shrooms.php" title="Synthetic Shrooms" alt="Synthetic Shrooms" >Synthetic Shrooms</a> Scotland, England, &#87&#97&#108&#101&#115&#44&#13&#10&#73&#116&#97&#108&#121 &#97&#110&#100 &#83&#112&#97&#105&#110&#46&#13&#10&#85&#110&#102&#111&#114&#116&#117&#110&#97&#116&#101&#108&#121&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#114&#101 no &#99&#111&#109&#112&#114&#101&#104&#101&#110&#115&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#109&#97&#112&#115 &#100&#101&#116&#97&#105&#108&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#39&#115&#13&#10&#100&#105&#115&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#112&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114&#110&#46 &#84&#114&#97&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 mycologists have often neglected relatively tiny species, such as Psilocybe semilanceata, &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#101&#110&#100 &#116&#111 &#115&#104&#97&#114&#101 their habitats with other, more &#112&#114&#111&#109&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#13&#10&#115&#97&#114&#99&#97&#115&#116&#105&#99 &#112&#104&#114&#97&#115&#101 "The &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#97&#98&#117&#110&#100&#97&#110&#99&#101 &#119&#104&#101&#114&#101&#118&#101&#114 mycologists abound" is particularly pertinent &#105&#110 &#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 Psilocybe species.<br> Prior to the discovery of psilocybin, the Psilocybe genus languished in &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#105&#116&#101&#114&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101&#44&#13&#10&#115&#104&#114&#111&#117&#100&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#111&#98&#115&#99&#117&#114&#105&#116&#121&#46 To &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#100&#97&#121&#44 &#102&#101&#119&#13&#10&#49&#56&#57&#46 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 semilanceata Fr. Worthless The cap is uniformly conic to bell-shaped, with &#97 &#112&#111&#105&#110&#116&#121 &#111&#114 &#111&#98&#116&#117&#115&#101 center forming an almost &#119&#97&#114&#116&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101 &#112&#114&#111&#116&#114&#117&#115&#105&#111&#110&#59 &#105&#110&#105&#116&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121&#44 &#99&#97&#112&#115 &#97&#114&#101 often &#116&#97&#108&#108&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#114&#101 wide, margins are bent and curved inward; later on, &#119&#105&#100&#116&#104 &#111&#102 &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 1.5-4 cm. Hygrophanous; coloration is &#97 &#100&#105&#114&#116&#121&#105&#115&#104 &#111&#108&#105&#118&#101&#45&#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#119&#104&#101&#110 wet, with translucent striate &#109&#97&#114&#103&#105&#110&#115&#59 &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44&#13&#10&#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 is &#111&#99&#104&#101&#114 &#111&#114 &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#105&#115&#104&#45&#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119 &#97&#103&#97&#105&#110&#115&#116 an &#111&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108&#108 &#115&#104&#97&#100&#101 &#111&#102 &#115&#109&#117&#100&#103&#121 pale yellow &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#103&#114&#101&#101&#110&#105&#115&#104 &#115&#116&#97&#105&#110&#115&#59 &#111&#110&#108&#121 the margins are &#98&#97&#110&#100&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#97 &#100&#97&#114&#107&#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100&#44 watery stripe around the edge. No stripes or banding evident when mushrooms &#97&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101&#108&#121&#13&#10&#100&#114&#105&#101&#100&#46 &#76&#97&#99&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#97 veil, caps are &#116&#104&#105&#110&#45&#102&#108&#101&#115&#104&#101&#100&#44 &#98&#97&#108&#100&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#97&#110 &#101&#97&#115&#105&#108&#121 separable pellicle &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#115 &#103&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#110&#111&#117&#115&#45&#115&#116&#105&#99&#107&#121 &#102&#111&#114 &#97 long time, &#116&#117&#114&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#104&#105&#110&#121 &#119&#104&#101&#110 &#100&#114&#121&#46&#13&#10&#71&#105&#108&#108&#115 are olive brown to blackish purple &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 the &#101&#100&#103&#101&#115 &#111&#102&#116&#101&#110&#13&#10&#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#105&#110&#103 &#119&#104&#105&#116&#101&#44 &#103&#105&#108&#108 spacing is quite &#99&#114&#111&#119&#100&#101&#100&#59 &#103&#105&#108&#108 &#97&#116&#116&#97&#99&#104&#109&#101&#110&#116 &#105&#115 &#101&#105&#116&#104&#101&#114 roughly linear &#111&#114&#13&#10&#109&#111&#115&#116&#108&#121 &#97&#100&#110&#101&#120&#101&#100&#59 &#117&#112 &#116&#111 3.5 mm wide; attached at &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#116&#101&#109 &#111&#110&#108&#121&#44 &#102&#117&#108&#108&#121 &#100&#101&#116&#97&#99&#104&#101&#100 later on. Spores are elongated to ellipitical &#105&#110 &#115&#104&#97&#112&#101&#44 &#115&#109&#111&#111&#116&#104 &#97&#110&#100 large, measuring 12-16 u by 6-8,u.<br> &#67&#111&#108&#111&#114 &#111&#102 &#115&#112&#111&#114&#101 &#100&#117&#115&#116 is blackish purple &#98&#114&#111&#119&#110&#46&#13&#10&#83&#116&#101&#109 &#105&#115 &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#115&#108&#101&#110&#100&#101&#114&#44 almost uniformly &#116&#104&#105&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#108&#119&#97&#121&#115 &#116&#119&#105&#115&#116&#101&#100&#44 &#54&#45&#49&#50 cm long and 1.25-2 mm thick, yellowish or whitish in color; &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#115&#117&#114&#101 develop bluishgreen stains. Stems are silky smooth and roughly &#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#101&#110&#116&#101&#114&#44 &#99&#111&#114&#116&#105&#110&#97&#116&#101 fibrils appear like remnants &#111&#102 &#97 &#118&#101&#105&#108&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#105&#115 brittle and lined with a white fibrous cord of wool-like texture. When &#100&#114&#121&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 &#111&#102 the &#99&#97&#112 &#105&#115 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#101&#100 &#112&#97&#108&#101 yellow, while the stem's flesh is ocher brown &#105&#110 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#44 &#101&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#116&#111&#119&#97&#114&#100&#115 the bottom. It is odorless &#97&#110&#100 &#105&#116&#115 &#102&#108&#97&#118&#111&#114 &#105&#115 mild. The mushroom grows from August to October, frequently in gregarious clusters, and &#99&#97&#110&#13&#10&#98&#101 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#105&#110 &#112&#97&#115&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 and along roadways, growing on dung that &#104&#97&#115 &#117&#110&#100&#101&#114&#103&#111&#110&#101 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#108&#101&#116&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#99&#111&#109&#112&#111&#115&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#46 &#73&#116 is not a particularly rare species. Figure 11(above) This excellent description of Psilocybe &#115&#101&#109&#105&#108&#97&#110&#99&#101&#97&#116&#97 &#98&#121 &#77&#105&#99&#104&#97&#101&#108 &#38 Schulz (1927) is shown here as originally published in German, with an English translation. Mycologists sp </p> Most recreational users of Psilocybe cubensis (when grown in vitro) require a dosage of JOCHEN GARTZ MAGIC MUSHROOMS Around the World A Scientific Journey Across Cultures and Time The Case for Challenging Research and Value Systems * LIS PUBLICATIONS * LOS ANGELES, CA* Figure 1 - Water Color Painting of Psilocybe semilanceata (Germany, 1927) TABLE OF CONTENT (With Active Links' Just Click On A Subject To Go To The Page) "Who Was the First Magician?" - Foreword by Christian Ratsch 7 1. Introduction 9 2. Reflections on the History and Scientific Study of Magic Mushrooms 10 3. The Current State of Knowledge About European Species 14 3.1 Psilocybe semilanceata: The Classic Species Among European Psychotropic Mushrooms 16 3.2 Psilocybe cyanescens: Potent Mushrooms Growing on Wood Debris 29 3.3 Panaeolus subbalteatus: Mycology and Myths about the Panaeolus Species 37 3.4 Inocybe aeruginascens: Fast-Spreading New Arrivals 44 3.5 Gymnopilus purpuratus: Magnificent Mushrooms from South America 51 3.6 Conocybe cyanopus: Tiny Mushrooms of Remarkable Potency 55 3.7 Pluteus salicinus: A Little-known Wood-Inhabiting Species 58 4. Mushroom Identification: Taxonomic Confusion and the Potential for Deadly Mistakes 61 5. The Bluing Phenomenon and Metol Testing: Reality vs. Wishful Thinking 63 6. Mushroom Cultivation: Classic Findings and New Techniques 66 7. Psychotropic Mushroom Species Around the World 77 7.1 Spotlight on North America and Hawaii 79 7.2 Mycophilia in Central and South America 82 7.3 Australia's Mycoflora Attracts Attention 84 7.4 European Customs and Conventions 87 7.5 Japanese Experimentation 93 7.6 Intoxications and the Oldest Known Mushroom Cult in Africa 95 7.7 Usage in Southeast Asia and the South Pacific Islands 98 8. Some Comments on Effects of Mushrooms from the Category Phantastika 102 9. Psychotherapy 108 10. Outlook 114 11. Bibliography 120 Index 129 Figure 2 - Psilocybe cubensis from Australia Figure 3 - Water color painting of Panaeolus subbalteatus (Germany, 1927). Figure 4 - Fresh Panaeolus subbalteatus mushrooms. FOREWORD Nobody knows precisely when the first magic mushroom emerged from the shadows of prehistory to enter the light of consciousness. Nobody knows when the first magic mushroom was eaten by a human being. Nobody knows just who the first magic mushroom eater was. In seeking answers to these questions, we can only speculate. Mycophobes, however, are quick to voice their conviction that only a fool would be reckless enough to want to attain a higher state of consciousness beyond the boundaries of everyday reality. And only a fool would attempt to do this by ingesting those odd little things that mysteriously thrive on decaying, humid soil, rotten wood and malodorous mounds of cow manure. Historically, magic, mushrooms have been feared and hated` since antiquity: magic mushrooms were thought to be made from poisons that had dripped from serpents' fangs; they were considered to be unclean emissions of evil spirits; moreover, mushrooms were a kn <div align="left"> as well. Below &#97&#114&#101&#13&#10&#115&#111&#109&#101 &#101&#120&#99&#101&#114&#112&#116&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#104&#105&#115 research protocols: J.H. (a &#50&#52&#45&#121&#101&#97&#114&#45&#111&#108&#100 &#109&#97&#108&#101&#41 &#105&#110&#103&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100 &#102&#111&#117&#114&#13&#10&#99&#111&#111&#107&#101&#100 mushrooms at &#110&#105&#103&#104&#116&#44 &#97&#102&#116&#101&#114 &#97 &#109&#101&#97&#108 (!), and then ate another three fresh mushrooms 30 minutes later. This was followed by &#114&#101&#103&#117&#114&#103&#105&#116&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#52&#53&#13&#10&#109&#105&#110&#117&#116&#101&#115 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114&#44 he started to sweat profusely all over his &#104&#101&#97&#100 &#97&#110&#100 &#98&#111&#100&#121&#46 &#72&#105&#115 &#112&#117&#108&#115&#101 rate and breathing were accelerated, but slowed down &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#111&#110&#46 &#72&#101&#13&#10&#108&#97&#105&#100 &#100&#111&#119&#110 and experienced visual hallucinations, &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#99&#97&#117&#115&#101&#100 &#104&#105&#109 &#116&#111 panic and to run a distance of &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#49&#44&#50&#48&#48 &#102&#116&#46 &#116&#111 consult the nearest doctor.<br> The physician noted &#119&#105&#100&#101&#108&#121 &#100&#105&#108&#97&#116&#101&#100&#13&#10&#112&#117&#112&#105&#108&#115&#44 &#97&#110&#100 &#112&#114&#111&#99&#101&#101&#100&#101&#100 to have the patient's stomach &#112&#117&#109&#112&#101&#100 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#110 &#112&#114&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101&#100 laxatives. Three &#104&#111&#117&#114&#115 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#97&#98&#110&#111&#114&#109&#97&#108 state had largely subsided; by the next morning, there was no evidence of any other side effects. M.K. (a 22-year-old male) ate just one fresh &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#44 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/psychedelic+mushrooms+washington.php" title="Psychedelic Mushrooms Mushrooms" alt="Psychedelic Mushrooms Mushrooms" >Psychedelic Mushrooms Mushrooms</a> &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#104&#97&#100 &#110&#111 effects at all. K <b>Zoomers</b> .Y. (a 31-year-old male) ate five mushrooms. Regurgitation occurred 30 minutes after ingestion, followed by sweating around the head &#97&#110&#100 &#98&#111&#100&#121&#59 &#104&#105&#115 &#101&#120&#116&#114&#101&#109&#105&#116&#105&#101&#115 appeared to &#98&#101&#13&#10&#115&#108&#105&#103&#104&#116&#108&#121 &#112&#97&#114&#97&#108&#121&#122&#101&#100&#46 &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#112&#97&#114&#97&#108&#121&#115&#105&#115 persisted for another three hours. During this time, the &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#13&#10&#104&#97&#100 &#103&#114&#101&#97&#116 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#105&#99&#117&#108&#116&#105&#101&#115 &#104&#97&#110&#100&#108&#105&#110&#103 a pen for writing, his mood was depressed and he experienced hallucinations, such &#97&#115 &#99&#111&#108&#111&#114&#102&#117&#108 &#108&#105&#103&#104&#116&#115 &#102&#108&#111&#111&#100&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#100&#111&#119&#110 from &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#107&#121&#46 &#66&#121 &#116&#104&#101 following morning, all of these &#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115 &#104&#97&#100 &#100&#105&#115&#115&#105&#112&#97&#116&#101&#100&#46 &#84&#104&#101 fresh fruiting bodies were bitter, &#97 &#116&#97&#115&#116&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#100&#105&#115&#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 after the mushrooms had been cooked &#105&#110 &#119&#97&#116&#101&#114&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#97&#98&#111&#118&#101 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#109&#101&#110&#116&#115 are rather amateurish, &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#112&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#102 &#114&#101&#115&#117&#108&#116&#115 are heavily influenced by &#97 &#115&#105&#109&#112&#108&#105&#115&#116&#105&#99 &#112&#101&#114&#115&#112&#101&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#97&#115&#115&#117&#109&#101&#115 that the mushrooms's pharmacological effects proceed along a single, narrow track. Still, these &#97&#99&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#115 &#100&#101&#109&#111&#110&#115&#116&#114&#97&#116&#101&#13&#10&#116&#104&#97&#116 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#97&#114&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#100&#111&#115&#97&#103&#101&#115 of Japanese mushroom species have &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 &#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115 &#115&#105&#109&#105&#108&#97&#114 &#116&#111 those caused by Psilocybe species found on other continents.<br> Much &#119&#111&#114&#107 &#115&#116&#105&#108&#108 &#114&#101&#109&#97&#105&#110&#115 &#116&#111 be done in &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 &#111&#102 &#112&#104&#121&#116&#111&#99&#104&#101&#109&#105&#115&#116&#114&#121 &#97&#110&#100 taxonomy before the body of knowledge about psychotropic mushroom species in &#74&#97&#112&#97&#110 &#99&#97&#110 &#103&#114&#111&#119 &#116&#111 become adequate. The geographic distribution and ingredients of the Japanese Panaeolus species must also be studied further. For instance, Panaeolus &#115&#117&#98&#98&#97&#108&#116&#101&#97&#116&#117&#115 &#105&#115&#13&#10&#111&#110&#101 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 species that are growing on &#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108&#13&#10&#74&#97&#112&#97&#110&#101&#115&#101 &#105&#115&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115 &#116&#111&#100&#97&#121&#46&#13&#10&#67&#72&#65&#80&#84&#69&#82 &#55&#46&#54&#13&#10&#73&#78&#84&#79&#88&#73&#67&#65&#84&#73&#79&#78&#83 AND THE OLDEST KNOWN MUSHROOM CULT IN AFRICA So far, the mycoflora of <u>Mushrooms From South America</u> &#116&#104&#101 &#65&#102&#114&#105&#99&#97&#110&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 &#104&#97&#115 &#98&#101&#101&#110 studied only peripherally and remains largely unknown. &#68&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#97&#116&#101 &#49&#57&#56&#48&#115&#44&#13&#10&#73&#116&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110 mycologist G. Samorini &#97&#110&#100 &#84&#101&#114&#101&#110&#99&#101&#13&#10&#77&#99&#75&#101&#110&#110&#97&#44 &#119&#111&#114&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#110&#100&#101&#112&#101&#110&#100&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121&#44 found evidence for the oldest known mushroom cult in Africa. Their discoveries were &#110&#111&#116 &#106&#117&#115&#116 &#115&#101&#110&#115&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108&#44 &#98&#117&#116&#13&#10&#109&#111&#115&#116 surprising &#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108&#46 &#79&#110 &#116&#104&#101 other hand, it really shouldn't come as &#97 &#115&#117&#114&#112&#114&#105&#115&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 oldest traces of human contact with &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101&#13&#10&#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#111&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#118&#101&#114&#121 continent known as the cradle of humanity. 10,000 &#89&#101&#97&#114&#115 &#79&#108&#100&#13&#10&#70&#114&#111&#109 &#57&#44&#48&#48&#48 &#116&#111 </div> The Mazatec Indians, who have a long tradition <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/psilocybe+weilii/growing+kits.php" title="Psilocybe Weilii Growing Kits" alt="Psilocybe Weilii Growing Kits" >Psilocybe Weilii Growing Kits</a> <H2>"indian magic mushrooms" "united kingdom"</H2> of using the mushrooms, &#105&#110&#104&#97&#98&#105&#116 &#97 &#114&#97&#110&#103&#101 &#111&#102 mountains called &#116&#104&#101 &#83&#105&#101&#114&#114&#97 &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#101&#99&#97 &#105&#110 the northeastern corner of &#116&#104&#101 &#77&#101&#120&#105&#99&#97&#110 &#115&#116&#97&#116&#101 &#111&#102 Oaxaca. The shamans &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#101&#115&#115&#97&#121 &#97&#114&#101 all natives of the town of Huautla de Jimenez. &#80&#114&#111&#112&#101&#114&#108&#121 &#115&#112&#101&#97&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#97&#114&#101 Huautecans; but since &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#97&#110&#103&#117&#97&#103&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#121 &#115&#112&#101&#97&#107 &#104&#97&#115 been called Mazatec and they have been referred to in the previous anthropological literature as Mazatecs, I have retained that name, though strictly &#115&#112&#101&#97&#107&#105&#110&#103&#44 &#77&#97&#122&#97&#116&#101&#99&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#101 inhabitants &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#118&#105&#108&#108&#97&#103&#101 &#111&#102 Mazatlan in the same mountains. , and who gorge themselves on our tax dollars. I met Jochen Gartz shortly after the fall of the Berlin Wall at the third symposium of the European College for the Study of Consciousness (ECSC) in Freiburg, Germany. Our encounter was my first contact with a researcher from the former East Germany. Jochen Gartz's enthusiastic lecture was a truly consciousnessexpanding event, his words breaking down traditional borders and crossing over into new territory. The magic mushrooms spoke through him - with no trace of dogma or ideology - in the tradition of true anarchy that is the hallmark of mushroom magic. What I heard was unbelievable. Jochen spoke of a "new" psychedelic mushroom and its migration. The mycelia had spread in concentric circles outward from Leipzig, jumping all political borders. Finally, when the mycelia reached West German soil, the hated Berlin Wall crumbled. Could there possibly be a connection between the evolution of the magic mushroom and the evolution of our consciousness? Could a mushroom have contributed to the resolution of our political conflicts? In the past, politicians, even popes, had their own jesters and magicians, who functioned as pressure release valves in the machinations of political power struggles. It is obvious that a country whose chancellor is being pelted with eggs, urgently needs a new breed of magician who are able to readjust reality. But today, no aspiring magician should go about this task without this book as a guide for the wondrous journey into the realm of magic mushrooms. Christian Rdtsch Figure 5 - "Anthropomorphic Beings Engaged in Mushroom Dance" 10,000-year-old rock drawing in Tassili, Sahara (Algeria) CHAPTER 1 I BELIEVE THE TIME HAS COME FOR A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF NEW FINDINGS FROM THE FIELDS OF MYCOLOGY, TAXONOMY AND NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY When R.G. Wasson, R. Heim and A. Hofmann began their interdisciplinary research program to study the Mexican species of mushrooms and their usage in Mexican mushroom cults, their efforts culminated in a 1958 landmark report that described the isolation, molecular structure and synthesis of the mushrooms' active ingredients: psilocybin and psilocin. Several years later, these substances were also identified in a species of mushroom in Europe, Psilocybe semilanceata, which became the first in a series of newly discovered species. Since then, psychoactive mushrooms from other genera have been reported with increasing frequency. As part of my analytical work dedicated to the identification of naturally occurring chemicals, I had the good fortune to be part of a research team that studied alkaloids found in a variety of mushroom species. Now I believe the time has come for a comprehensive review of new findings from the fields of mycology, taxonomy and natural products chemistry. Wasson and his successors have already provided detailed accounts pertaining to the history and study of the Me It has been suggested by an Australian physician that the general public in Australia, as well as members of its drug using subculture, first became aware of the visionary properties of these psychoactive mushrooms by a visiting surfer(s), who came from either New Zealand or the United States (Hawaii) and most likely provided ethnomycological information to local surfers (McCarthy, 1971). This physician reported that the use of psychoactive mushrooms, as well as 21 other drugs "was well demonstrated during a survey on drug abuse that was conducted in Southern Queensland during l969." This survey relied on interviews of 51 people belonging to "the `surfer' subculture local beach resorts". In this report, the doctor believed that "although the survey involved surfers and their female friends, there is no suggestion that the use of these drugs is confined to this group, which constitutes but a proportion of our (Australian) young drug taking community." It is thus likely that word-of-mouth communication made a significant contribution to the increasing use of "magic mushrooms" in Australia and NZ. as well. Below are some excerpts from his research protocols: J.H. (a 24-year-old male) ingested four cooked mushrooms at night, after a meal (!), and then ate another three fresh mushrooms 30 minutes later. This was followed by regurgitation, and 45 minutes later, he started to sweat profusely all over his head and body. His pulse rate and breathing were accelerated, but slowed down later on. He laid down and experienced visual hallucinations, which caused him to panic and to run a distance of about 1,200 ft. to consult the nearest doctor. The physician noted widely dilated pupils, and proceeded to have the patient's stomach pumped and then prescribed laxatives. Three hours later, the abnormal state had largely subsided; by the next morning, there was no evidence of any other side effects. M.K. (a 22-year-old male) ate just one fresh mushroom, which had no effects at all. K .Y. (a 31-year-old male) ate five mushrooms. Regurgitation occurred 30 minutes after ingestion, followed by sweating around the head and body; his extremities appeared to be slightly paralyzed. This paralysis persisted for another three hours. During this time, the subject had great difficulties handling a pen for writing, his mood was depressed and he experienced hallucinations, such as colorful lights flooding down from the sky. By the following morning, all of these effects had dissipated. The fresh fruiting bodies were bitter, a taste that disappeared after the mushrooms had been cooked in water. The above experiments are rather amateurish, and the descriptions of results are heavily influenced by a simplistic perspective which assumes that the mushrooms's pharmacological effects proceed along a single, narrow track. Still, these accounts demonstrate that comparable dosages of Japanese mushroom species have psychotropic effects similar to those caused by Psilocybe species found on other continents. Much work still remains to be done in the areas of phytochemistry and taxonomy before the body of knowledge about psychotropic mushroom species in Japan can grow to become adequate. The geographic distribution and ingredients of the Japanese Panaeolus species must also be studied further. For instance, Panaeolus subbalteatus is one of the species that are growing on several Japanese islands today. CHAPTER 7.6 INTOXICATIONS AND THE OLDEST KNOWN MUSHROOM CULT IN AFRICA So far, the mycoflora of the African continent has been studied only peripherally and remains largely unknown. During the late 1980s, Italian mycologist G. Samorini and Terence McKenna, working independently, found evidence for the oldest known mushroom cult in Africa. Their discoveries were not just sensational, but most surprising as well. On the other hand, it really shouldn't come as a surprise that the oldest traces of human contact with mushrooms were found on the very continent known as the cradle of humanity. 10,000 Years Old From 9,000 to Those who ingest Copelandia cyanescens, known in CATTLE AS A POSSIBLE DISPERSAL MECHANISM FOR PSYCHOACTIVE DUNG FUNGI One may ask the question, "how did these mushrooms arrive in Australia and New Zealand?" Well some species may be endemic,that is, they were already there naturally. Other species such as the above described dung-inhabiting mushrooms most likelyappeared after the introduction of cattle on the subcontinent.The first livestock to arrive in Australia were brought from the Cape of Good Hope in1788, and included 2 bulls and 5 cows, along with other domesticated farm animals. Byl803, the government owned approximately 1800 cattle, most of which were importedfrom the Cape, Calcutta, and the west coast of America. It was during this period thatsome of the visionary mushrooms mentioned in this field guide probably first appeared inAustralia (Unsigned, 1973). According to Australian mycologist John Burton Cleland(1934), "fungi growing in cow or horse-dung and confined to such habitats, must in thecase of Australia, all belong to introduced species". It is believed to have been the SouthAfrican dung beetle which may have actually spread the spores. According to Englishmycologist Roy Watling of the Royal Botanic Gardens in Glasgow, Scotland, "it must beremembered that fungi can change substrate preferences and there are coprophilousfungi on kangaroo droppings etc." Some mycologists who have studied the "magicmushrooms" in Australia and NZ claim that the "use of P. cubensis as a recreational drugtends to confirm the belief that some] farmers in early times may have] added one or two basidiomes gilled mushrooms] to a mealto liven it up and still do] Margot & Watling, 1981)." ed and large numbers of studies were conducted, primarily with LSD. These investigators sought to discover the receptor binding sites for hallucinogenic compounds in the brain and to understand the mechanisms underlying the genesis of psychedelic visions. Today, we still lack a sound theoretical framework able to explain the relationship between chemical compounds and the manifestation of their psychoactivity. Even though basic research is certainly important, its methods, unfortunately, are often a function of a rather one-sided pharmacological approach to investigating the effects of psilocybin, LSD and mescaline - an approach that is, in fact, too narrow to address the remarkably unusual nature of these substances and their effects. Misunderstandings between pharmacologists and toxicologists on the one hand and psychiatrists and psychologists on the other can often be traced all the way back to the 1950's, creating a legacy of disputes and arguments that have yet to be resolved. S. Grof undertook the tedious task of analyzing 5,000 experimental LSD protocols in an effort to isolate "absolute" symptoms that are reported or occur all of the time. His results were negative. According to Grof, hallucinogenic substances are non-specific triggers causing a sequence of altered states of consciousness, which do not fit the syndrome labeled "toxic psychosis". Rather, it is the individual's personality, along with the experimental setting that significantly shape the nature of the psychedelic experience. This view is shared by a majority of experts with considerable experience in conducting psychedelics-assisted psychotherapy. Even "real" somatic symptoms, such as nausea or vomiting, can often be controlled through psychological intervention techniques administered by trained professionals. A Plethora of Names The broad range of possible experiences inspired the use of labels other than "hallucinogens", with widely differing semantic connotations: entheogens, psychedelics, illusionogens, psycholytics, psychomimetics, psychodysleptica, psychoemetics and others. "Phantastica" (Lewin) is the oldest label ever used to describe this class of substances. This term successfully evokes dream-like, fanciful aspects of the experience, as well as the potential for euphoric and dysphoric emotional overtones. More recent terminology often says more about semantic biases of those who use the labels than about any factual, objective characteristics of the alkaloids they refer to. Accordingly, official antidrug propaganda since the 1960's has disparaged "psychedelics" as excessively glamorous and too positive a label, as the term was popular among Timothy Leary's fans and supporters. When used in low doses or for the first time, these substances are most likely to bring about a kind of magical transformation of surroundings, with a heightened ability to perceive subtle differences along the color spectru xican mushroom species, so that these materials need not be repeated in this context. However, certain aspects concerning the more recent uses of these mushrooms as well as their conditions of growth will receive more detailed attention in later chapters. The main purpose of this book is to inspire further study of these mushrooms, particularly basic research efforts and medical applications of magic mushroom ingredients. The extensive bibliography will help scientists and other interested mycophiles to further immerse themselves in this complex area of study. Jochen Gartz Figure 6 - Bronze doors with mushroom motif entitled "Trial and Judgment" at Hildesheim Cathedral, Germany (ca. 1020). CHAPTER 2 REFLECTIONS ON THE HISTORY AND SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF MAGIC MUSHROOMS It is remarkable that cultures native to the American continent knew about a relatively large number of natural mind-altering substances compared to early cultures that evolved in Europe or Asia. Botanical evidence does not support the notion that Europe is home to fewer hallucinogenic plants than other regions. Furthermore, the growing number of recently discovered European mushroom species containing psilocybin indicate a flourishing psychotropic mycoflora in Europe similar to those found in other countries. It is unlikely that early European cultures learned less about local plants and mushrooms through usage and experience than cultures elsewhere in the world. Most likely, early cultural knowledge of European psychoactive plants and mushrooms was lost or destroyed at some time in history, probably as early as several hundred years ago. The discovery that the fly agaric mushroom (Amanita muscaria) was known for its psychoactive properties in Siberia invited the conclusion that this mushroom was used as a psychotropic agent in medieval Europe as well. In fact, there is very little evidence from the Middle Ages to indicate widespread knowledge of the effects of specific mushrooms on human consciousness. However, I believe that past reports on psychoactive mushrooms were causally linked to Amanita muscaria simply because this was the only known psychotropic mushroom in Europe at that time. While the usage of Amanita muscaria among Siberian tribes has generated reports of spectacular hallucinations, European accounts of fly agaric intoxications do not generally include descriptions of such intensely hallucinatory effects. Accordingly, the potent hallucinogenic effects of specific Psilocybes and related species are likely to have had a much more significant influence on early European cultures than the delirium-like visions induced by Amanita muscaria, a species that is also known to induce unconsciousness and severe somatic side effects. This hypothesis is corroborated by data from comprehensive field studies conducted in Mexico. I believe that historic accounts including those described below - indicate a knowledge of More than half of Australia's beef cattle can be found in the coastal areas of Queensland xican mushroom species, so that these materials need not be repeated in this context. However, certain aspects concerning the more recent uses of these mushrooms as well as their conditions of growth will receive more detailed attention in later chapters. The main purpose of this book is to inspire further study of these mushrooms, particularly basic research efforts and medical applications of magic mushroom ingredients. The extensive bibliography will help scientists and other interested mycophiles to further immerse themselves in this complex area of study. Jochen Gartz Figure 6 - Bronze doors with mushroom motif entitled "Trial and Judgment" at Hildesheim Cathedral, Germany (ca. 1020). CHAPTER 2 REFLECTIONS ON THE HISTORY AND SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF MAGIC MUSHROOMS It is remarkable that cultures native to the American continent knew about a relatively large number of natural mind-altering substances compared to early cultures that evolved in Europe or Asia. Botanical evidence does not support the notion that Europe is home to fewer hallucinogenic plants than other regions. Furthermore, the growing number of recently discovered European mushroom species containing psilocybin indicate a flourishing psychotropic mycoflora in Europe similar to those found in other countries. It is unlikely that early European cultures learned less about local plants and mushrooms through usage and experience than cultures elsewhere in the world. Most likely, early cultural knowledge of European psychoactive plants and mushrooms was lost or destroyed at some time in history, probably as early as several hundred years ago. The discovery that the fly agaric mushroom (Amanita muscaria) was known for its psychoactive properties in Siberia invited the conclusion that this mushroom was used as a psychotropic agent in medieval Europe as well. In fact, there is very little evidence from the Middle Ages to indicate widespread knowledge of the effects of specific mushrooms on human consciousness. However, I believe that past reports on psychoactive mushrooms were causally linked to Amanita muscaria simply because this was the only known psychotropic mushroom in Europe at that time. While the usage of Amanita muscaria among Siberian tribes has generated reports of spectacular hallucinations, European accounts of fly agaric intoxications do not generally include descriptions of such intensely hallucinatory effects. Accordingly, the potent hallucinogenic effects of specific Psilocybes and related species are likely to have had a much more significant influence on early European cultures than the delirium-like visions induced by Amanita muscaria, a species that is also known to induce unconsciousness and severe somatic side effects. This hypothesis is corroborated by data from comprehensive field studies conducted in Mexico. I believe that historic accounts including those described below - indicate a knowledge of </p> <h1 id="cross-browser">uses of mushrooms @ 3/13/2010 1:21:11 AM</h1> <p></p> <h1 id="stylesheets">Mushroom Ingredients Psilocybin</h1> <p>and familiarity with psychotropic mushrooms in Europe that is most likely derived from usage of Psilocybes and related species, rather than experience with Amanita muscaria. However, it is extremely difficult to reject or confirm this hypothesis, due to the lack of conclusive data available for analysis today. Bwyd Ellylon: A Feast of Fairies in Celebration of the Spirit World Tales of ritualistic mushroom usage have found their way into the realm of myths and legends. For instance, one legend describes a peculiar poisonous mushroom in Wales (British Isles) with the strange name of Bwyd Ellylon, which was considered a delicacy by fairies feasting in celebration of the spirit world. Psilocybe semilanceata is the most important psilocybincontaining mushroom in Europe and it thrives in parts of Great Britain, where the mushroom grows abundantly all across the Welsh countryside during fall season. I would like to thank G. Samorini for pointing out that the Inquisition was unusually cruel and vicious in the Alpine valleys of Valcamonica, Valtrompia and Valtellina (located in the provinces of Brescia and Sandrio in Northern Italy). Many books chronicle countless witch burnings in that region, with particular emphasis on the witches' meetings at the "Monte del Tonale", located at an altitude of 2000 m (ca. 6,000 ft). Field research has shown that plants of the nightshade family ("witching herbs") do not grow at this altitude; even the fly agaric mushroom is rarely found there. By contrast, pastures in the area abound with Psilocybe semilanceata during the fall. Given this historical context, it would seem likely that Psilocybe semilanceata played an important role as a psychotropic agent in the region (see Figure 58, Chapter 7.4). In light of medieval accounts describing the practice of witchcraft, it is interesting to note that a subjective sensation of flying or levitation is among the commonly reported effects of psilocybin intoxication. Berserk Rage of Nordic Warriors In the course of the ideological power struggle between Christianity and the remnants of pagan religions that worshipped Nature, many sources of knowledge were lost. The aggressive repression and eradication of pre-Christian customs all but destroyed the continuity of Europe's original cultural heritage, along with much historic evidence documenting early cultural practices, including the usage of plants and mushrooms for the purpose of temporary alterations of consciousness. Some authors went so far as to blame the fly agaric mushroom for proverbial fits of "berserk rage" attributed to Nordic warriors. Many accounts detailing this phenomenon allude to a "deception of the eyes" (i.e. visual hallucinations). After the Nordic legal system banished the practice of "going berserk", it disappeared quite suddenly during the 12th century. At about the same time, Saxo Grammaticus speculated that the Berserkers may have used mag went in waves. Increasingly, all colors in her immediate surroundings coalesced into shades of green. The hallucinations were fearsome; the heads of monsters became visible and a wall opened up into an abyss. There was a succession of human figure with animal heads. The next day, everything was back to normal. The oldest child (age 14) also saw her parents' hair color turn green, had dilated pupils and watched geometric shapes appear on the wall. The youngest child (age 11) experienced cramps and lost consciousness. In 1960, Singer and Guzman suggested that Panaeolus cyanescens might contain psilocybin, because of the intense blue staining they had observed. It wasn't until after the intoxications in Menton had been publicized, that a research team working with A. Hofmann detected 0.2% of psilocybin in the mushrooms. Considering the powerful effects, however, this concentration appears to be too low to cause such impressive reactions. Later on, Sandoz Laboratories reported the level of psilocybin in dried samples as 0.8%, along with 1.2% psilocin. The level of psilocin, however, may have been falsely elevated by the presence of serotonin and its derivates in the mushroom sample that was being tested. According to Stijve, a mushroom sample collected by J.W. Allen in Thailand contained 0.4% - 1.05% of psilocin, with only trace amounts of psilocybin; serotonin was present in large amounts, comparable to concentrations found in all Panaeolus species. Apparently, Panaeolus cyanescens produces more psilocin than psilocybin. Still, I was able to detect 0.4% of psilocybin in mycelia cultivated on malt agar, with no other indole compounds present. Discussion of the Panaeolus species would remain incomplete without pointing out that those subjectively terrifying psychoses reported in 1965 cannot be attributed to a specific mushroom ingredient, but were likely precipitated by the circumstances (set and setting) surrounding the incident. The effects described by J. Allen in Hawaii after eating 20 specimens paint a different picture altogether: With radio music playing softly in the dark, euphoria began to come on in waves. After 20 minutes, visions became so intense that I tried to close my eyes. Whenever 1 did close my eyes, my eyelids felt as if they were being sprayed from the outside. Colors were sharp and clear, but I always quickly opened my eyes again. Colors were dancing like laser beams to the rhythm of the music. The stars in the sky assembled in clusters that reached all the way into my soul. I was a little scared at the idea that the ocean water might rush up all the way into our hut. Other than that, feelings of euphoria were overwhelming. At times, I was overcome by fits of laughter. That night, I slept like "a prince ". The following morning I gathered up my belongings and had to walk back across the pasture where I had collected the mushrooms the day before. I noticed a lot o <div align="center"> &#77&#111&#115&#116 &#117&#115&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 psychoactive visionary &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#108&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101 knowledge of &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#115&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#102&#105&#99 &#110&#97&#109&#101&#115&#46 &#73&#110&#115&#116&#101&#97&#100&#44 they have given their favorite species local &#101&#112&#105&#116&#104&#101&#116&#115 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#97&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#109&#109&#111&#110&#108&#121 used &#98&#121 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#119&#104&#111 &#99&#111&#108&#108&#101&#99&#116 and ingest them. Some &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#112&#111&#112&#117&#108&#97&#114 &#110&#97&#109&#101&#115 are also known and applied by &#117&#115&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#117&#116&#115&#105&#100&#101 &#111&#102 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 and NZ. "Magic Mushrooms" is the most common term applied to any mushroom which contains &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#105&#110&#101 &#97&#110&#100&#47&#111&#114 &#112&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#105&#110&#101&#46 &#73&#116 &#119&#97&#115 invented by &#97 &#76&#105&#102&#101 &#77&#97&#103&#97&#122&#105&#110&#101 &#101&#100&#105&#116&#111&#114 in l957 ( see Wasson, &#108&#57&#53&#55&#41&#46 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#105&#115 known in Australia as &#34&#103&#111&#108&#100&#101&#110 &#116&#111&#112&#115&#34&#44 &#34&#103&#111&#108&#100 &#116&#111&#112&#115&#34 &#111&#114 sometimes "gold caps." The Australian epithets may have been given to this species by &#109&#101&#109&#98&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#102 &#97 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#108&#44 drugusing group <u>MYCELIA PICTURES</u> of surfers which frequented the Gold Coast region of Eastern &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#59 &#104&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#111&#102 these &#110&#97&#109&#101&#115 &#104&#97&#118&#101 &#97&#112&#112&#97&#114&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121 &#98&#101&#101&#110 used to &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101 &#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 of Psilocybe by users in Australia (see Allen, 1997). As mentioned &#97&#98&#111&#118&#101&#44 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#105&#115 not known &#116&#111 &#111&#99&#99&#117&#114 &#105&#110 &#78&#101&#119 Zealand. Those who &#105&#110&#103&#101&#115&#116 &#67&#111&#112&#101&#108&#97&#110&#100&#105&#97 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115&#44 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#105&#110 Australia and New Zealand as &#34&#98&#108&#117&#101 &#109&#101&#97&#110&#105&#101&#115&#34&#44 &#97&#108&#115&#111 &#114&#101&#102&#101&#114 to this species as "Blue Legs", "golden tops" or "gold caps". The latter &#116&#119&#111 &#110&#105&#99&#107&#110&#97&#109&#101&#115&#44 &#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108 as &#34&#100&#105&#109&#112&#108&#101 &#116&#111&#112&#115&#34 &#97&#110&#100 &#34&#99&#111&#110&#101 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/mexico+contact+tables+for+myspace/true+zoom+off+_iceUrlFlag+7+_IceUrl+true.php" title="Mexico Contact Tables For Myspace True Zoom Off Iceurlflag 7 Iceurl True" alt="Mexico Contact Tables For Myspace True Zoom Off Iceurlflag 7 Iceurl True" >Mexico Contact Tables For Myspace True Zoom Off Iceurlflag 7 Iceurl True</a> heads", are common terms applied &#116&#111 &#67&#111&#112&#101&#108&#97&#110&#100&#105&#97 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 &#105&#110 the &#72&#97&#119&#97&#105&#105&#97&#110 &#73&#115&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115&#59 &#97&#110&#100 &#115&#111&#109&#101 of these &#115&#97&#109&#101 &#112&#111&#112&#117&#108&#97&#114 &#110&#97&#109&#101&#115 &#104&#97&#118&#101 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/amanitastrandmushroom.php" title="Amanitastrandmushroom" alt="Amanitastrandmushroom" >Amanitastrandmushroom</a> &#97&#108&#115&#111 been used &#98&#121 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#117&#114&#102&#101&#114&#115 &#102&#114&#111&#109 both New Zealand and Australia, to describe the macroscopic characteristics of Copelandia cyanescens. These same surfers visiting Hawaii's North Shore have reportedly ingested mushrooms prior &#116&#111 &#115&#117&#114&#102&#105&#110&#103&#44 &#97&#115 &#100&#111 many of &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#98&#97&#115&#101&#100 &#115&#117&#114&#102&#101&#114&#115 in Australia and NZ. </div> went in waves. Increasingly, all colors in her immediate surroundings coalesced into shades of green. The hallucinations were fearsome; the heads of monsters became visible and a wall opened up into an abyss. There was a succession of human figure with animal heads. The next day, everything was back to normal. The oldest child (age 14) also saw her parents' hair color turn green, had dilated pupils and watched geometric shapes appear on the wall. The youngest child (age 11) experienced cramps and lost consciousness. In 1960, Singer and Guzman suggested that Panaeolus cyanescens might contain psilocybin, because of the intense blue staining they had observed. It wasn't until after the intoxications in Menton had been publicized, that a research team working with A. Hofmann detected 0.2% of psilocybin in the mushrooms. Considering the powerful effects, however, this concentration appears to be too low to cause such impressive reactions. Later on, Sandoz Laboratories reported the level of psilocybin in dried samples as 0.8%, along with 1.2% psilocin. The level of psilocin, however, may have been falsely elevated by the presence of serotonin and its derivates in the mushroom sample that was being tested. According to Stijve, a mushroom sample collected by J.W. Allen in Thailand contained 0.4% - 1.05% of psilocin, with only trace amounts of psilocybin; serotonin was present in large amounts, comparable to concentrations found in all Panaeolus species. Apparently, Panaeolus cyanescens produces more psilocin than psilocybin. Still, I was able to detect 0.4% of psilocybin in mycelia cultivated on malt agar, with no other indole compounds present. Discussion of the Panaeolus species would remain incomplete without pointing out that those subjectively terrifying psychoses reported in 1965 cannot be attributed to a specific mushroom ingredient, but were likely precipitated by the circumstances (set and setting) surrounding the incident. The effects described by J. Allen in Hawaii after eating 20 specimens paint a different picture altogether: With radio music playing softly in the dark, euphoria began to come on in waves. After 20 minutes, visions became so intense that I tried to close my eyes. Whenever 1 did close my eyes, my eyelids felt as if they were being sprayed from the outside. Colors were sharp and clear, but I always quickly opened my eyes again. Colors were dancing like laser beams to the rhythm of the music. The stars in the sky assembled in clusters that reached all the way into my soul. I was a little scared at the idea that the ocean water might rush up all the way into our hut. Other than that, feelings of euphoria were overwhelming. At times, I was overcome by fits of laughter. That night, I slept like "a prince ". The following morning I gathered up my belongings and had to walk back across the pasture where I had collected the mushrooms the day before. I noticed a lot o <p align="right"> It has &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#115&#117&#103&#103&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#97&#110 Australian physician that the &#103&#101&#110&#101&#114&#97&#108 &#112&#117&#98&#108&#105&#99 &#105&#110 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97&#44 as well &#97&#115 &#109&#101&#109&#98&#101&#114&#115 &#111&#102 &#105&#116&#115 drug &#117&#115&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#117&#98&#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#44 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116 &#98&#101&#99&#97&#109&#101 &#97&#119&#97&#114&#101 of the visionary properties of these psychoactive &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#98&#121 &#97 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103 surfer(s), who came from either New Zealand or the United States &#40&#72&#97&#119&#97&#105&#105&#41 &#97&#110&#100 &#109&#111&#115&#116 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121 provided ethnomycological information to local surfers (McCarthy, 1971).<br> &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#112&#104&#121&#115&#105&#99&#105&#97&#110 &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 the use of &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#44 &#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108 as 21 other &#100&#114&#117&#103&#115 &#34&#119&#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#100&#101&#109&#111&#110&#115&#116&#114&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#100&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 a survey on drug abuse that was conducted in Southern Queensland during &#108&#57&#54&#57&#46&#34 &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#115&#117&#114&#118&#101&#121 &#114&#101&#108&#105&#101&#100 on interviews <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/magic+mushrooms+growing+in+wood+chips.php" title="Wood Magic Growing Chips Chips Mushrooms" alt="Wood Magic Growing Chips Chips Mushrooms" >Wood Magic Growing Chips Chips Mushrooms</a> of 51 &#112&#101&#111&#112&#108&#101 &#98&#101&#108&#111&#110&#103&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#111 &#34&#116&#104&#101 `surfer' subculture local beach resorts". In this report, the doctor believed that "although the survey &#105&#110&#118&#111&#108&#118&#101&#100 &#115&#117&#114&#102&#101&#114&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 female &#102&#114&#105&#101&#110&#100&#115&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#105&#115 &#110&#111 suggestion &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 these &#100&#114&#117&#103&#115 &#105&#115 &#99&#111&#110&#102&#105&#110&#101&#100 &#116&#111 this group, which constitutes but a proportion <b>Mss</b> of our (Australian) young drug taking community.<br>" &#73&#116 &#105&#115 &#116&#104&#117&#115 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/grow.php" title="Grow" alt="Grow" >Grow</a> &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121 that word-of-mouth communication made a significant &#99&#111&#110&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#116&#111 &#116&#104&#101 &#105&#110&#99&#114&#101&#97&#115&#105&#110&#103 use of "magic mushrooms" in Australia &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#90&#46 </p> <p align="justify"> e &#99&#114&#101&#101&#107 &#111&#110 &#119&#111&#111&#100 &#99&#104&#105&#112&#115 of Carpinus, Alnus and Salix, on raw compost mixtures of Picea, Pinus and Larix needles, as Sept.<br> Oct. &#78&#111&#118&#46 &#68&#101&#99&#46 &#74&#97&#110&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/geophilacyanescens.php" title="Geophilacyanescens" alt="Geophilacyanescens" >Geophilacyanescens</a> &#50&#49 &#45 Fruiting curve of Psilocybe cyanescens based on &#111&#98&#115&#101&#114&#118&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#97&#116 &#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108&#13&#10&#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#105&#110 the &#102&#111&#114&#109&#101&#114 &#67&#122&#101&#99&#104&#111&#115&#108&#111&#118&#97&#107&#105&#97&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#109&#121&#99&#101&#108&#105&#97 &#109&#97&#107&#101 use of different kinds of plant debris and &#101&#118&#101&#110 &#103&#114&#111&#119 &#111&#110 &#119&#101&#116 cardboard, where they develop into rhizomorphs just like they &#119&#111&#117&#108&#100 &#105&#110 &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#101&#46 &#82&#104&#105&#122&#111&#109&#111&#114&#112&#104&#115 &#97&#114&#101 thick strands of mycelia that serve to transport nutrients and water. They also develop intense blue stains &#40&#115&#101&#101 &#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#50&#50&#41&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#50&#51&#13&#10&#68&#105&#115&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 pattern of Psilocybe cyanescens in &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121 &#97&#110&#100 &#97&#100&#106&#97&#99&#101&#110&#116 &#97&#114&#101&#97&#115&#13&#10&#40&#97&#99&#99&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#103 to &#75&#114&#105&#101&#103&#108&#115&#116&#101&#105&#110&#101&#114&#41&#46 &#76&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#97&#114&#101&#13&#10&#105&#110&#100&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#98&#121 black dots. Figure 22 Psilocybe bohemica rhizomorphs growing on wet cardboard. Figure 24 - Psilocybe cyanescens at a &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108 &#108&#111&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#40&#85&#83&#65&#41&#46&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#50&#53 - Psilocybe bohemica on twigs and leaves. Impressive Experiences Psilocybe bohemica is a &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#46 &#73&#116&#115 &#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115 &#97&#114&#101 vividly documented &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#102&#111&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#97&#99&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116 &#111&#102 one &#110&#97&#116&#117&#114&#97&#108 &#115&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#115&#116&#39&#115&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#97&#115 &#112&#97&#114&#116 of controlled &#99&#108&#105&#110&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#116&#114&#105&#97&#108&#115 &#105&#110&#13&#10&#80&#114&#97&#103&#117&#101&#58&#13&#10&#65&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#51&#48 mg of psilocybin in mushroom tissue was &#112&#114&#101&#112&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#104&#111&#116 &#119&#97&#116&#101&#114&#44 &#119&#105&#116&#104 effects already noticeable ten minutes after ingestion. I grew increasingly quiet. &#65&#116 &#102&#105&#114&#115&#116&#44 &#109&#121 &#108&#101&#103&#115 began to tingle, then my underarms as well. Aside from a deeper &#98&#114&#101&#97&#116&#104&#105&#110&#103 &#114&#104&#121&#116&#104&#109&#44 &#102&#101&#119 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 somatic effects were noted.<br> &#73&#110&#105&#116&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#102&#105&#116&#115 of laughter caused &#98&#121 &#117&#110&#117&#115&#117&#97&#108 &#99&#111&#103&#110&#105&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#97&#115&#115&#111&#99&#105&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#59 this laughter also affected the two "sober" guides. &#65&#13&#10&#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#104&#121&#112&#101&#114&#97&#99&#117&#105&#116&#121 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#102&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#119&#105&#116&#104 the ability &#116&#111&#13&#10&#108&#105&#115&#116&#101&#110 &#116&#111 &#109&#117&#115&#105&#99&#44 &#115&#111 that Vivaldi's &#34&#83&#112&#114&#105&#110&#103&#116&#105&#109&#101&#34&#13&#10&#99&#97&#117&#115&#101&#100 &#112&#97&#105&#110&#102&#117&#108 &#115&#116&#97&#98&#115 &#105&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101 the &#98&#114&#97&#105&#110&#46 &#73 &#99&#111&#109&#112&#97&#114&#101&#100&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#112&#97&#105&#110 &#116&#111 that caused by a "sawing knife". The experimenters &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#98&#108&#111&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#97&#110&#100 &#121&#101&#108&#108&#111&#119&#46&#46&#46&#13&#10&#69&#120&#105&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103 bodily characteristics, such as thinning hair stimulated a person's illusionary transformation into a monk with tonsure.<br> &#84&#104&#101&#105&#114&#13&#10&#118&#111&#105&#99&#101&#115 &#97&#108&#115&#111 &#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#114&#101&#118&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116 and, from &#97&#13&#10&#115&#111&#109&#101&#119&#104&#97&#116 &#112&#97&#114&#97&#110&#111&#105&#100 &#112&#111&#105&#110&#116 &#111&#102 view, these &#103&#101&#110&#116&#108&#101&#109&#101&#110&#13&#10&#97&#116 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#115 &#115&#101&#101&#109&#101&#100 &#116&#111 be &#119&#111&#114&#107&#105&#110&#103 &#97 &#115&#119&#105&#116&#99&#104&#105&#110&#103 &#115&#116&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#13&#10&#116&#104&#97&#116&#44 for &#115&#111&#109&#101 &#114&#101&#97&#115&#111&#110&#115&#44 &#119&#97&#115 &#109&#121 &#101&#110&#101&#109&#121&#46 &#65&#116 the same time, I found &#98&#111&#116&#104 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#109 &#116&#111 be quite likeable. During this time period, the other female subject perceived fantastic images of moving colors and saw visions of her whole life unfolding &#98&#101&#104&#105&#110&#100&#13&#10&#99&#108&#111&#115&#101&#100 &#101&#121&#101&#115&#46 &#68&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#112&#101&#114&#105&#111&#100&#44 I had the distinct impression that &#97&#110 &#101&#108&#101&#99&#116&#114&#105&#99&#97&#108 &#99&#117&#114&#114&#101&#110&#116 &#119&#97&#115 flowing through my &#98&#111&#100&#121&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#119&#97&#115 &#110&#111&#116 an uncomfortable sensation. About three hours later, the gentlemen retired to the <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/findingmushroomsandpicturesnz.php" title="Findingmushroomsandpicturesnz" alt="Findingmushroomsandpicturesnz" >Findingmushroomsandpicturesnz</a> kitchen and the nature of the experience changed quite drastically.<br> At first I felt as if my &#108&#101&#103&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#105&#110&#99&#114&#101&#97&#115&#105&#110&#103&#108&#121&#13&#10&#109&#101&#114&#103&#105&#110&#103 &#105&#110&#116&#111 the wall, a &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#99&#111&#109&#102&#111&#114&#116&#97&#98&#108&#101&#13&#10&#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#46 &#73&#110 &#97 state of utter clarity of consciousness, I finally &#102&#101&#108&#116 &#97&#115 &#105&#102 &#73 had no body at all.<br> I said. "The most descriptive expression is the experience of a pure soul". Using words as triggers, we were able to induce shared experiences &#111 </p> Most users of the psychoactive visionary mushrooms have very little knowledge of their scientific names. Instead, they have given their favorite species local epithets which are commonly used by those who collect and ingest them. Some of these popular names are also known and applied by users outside of Australia and NZ. "Magic Mushrooms" is the most common term applied to any mushroom which contains psilocybine and/or psilocine. It was invented by a Life Magazine editor in l957 ( see Wasson, l957). Psilocybe cubensis is known in Australia as "golden tops", "gold tops" or sometimes "gold caps." The Australian epithets may have been given to this species by members of a local, drugusing group of surfers which frequented the Gold Coast region of Eastern Australia; however, some of these names have apparently been used to describe several different species of Psilocybe by users in Australia (see Allen, 1997). As mentioned above, Psilocybe cubensis is not known to occur in New Zealand. Those who ingest Copelandia cyanescens, known in Australia and New Zealand as "blue meanies", also refer to this species as "Blue Legs", "golden tops" or "gold caps". The latter two nicknames, as well as "dimple tops" and "cone heads", are common terms applied to Copelandia cyanescens in the Hawaiian Islands; and some of these same popular names have also been used by visiting surfers from both New Zealand and Australia, to describe the macroscopic characteristics of Copelandia cyanescens. These same surfers visiting Hawaii's North Shore have reportedly ingested mushrooms prior to surfing, as do many of the locally based surfers in Australia and NZ. </p> <p>own cause of death and disease, bloated stomachs and insanity. Beliefs such as these have survived to the present day. They persist, for example,,, as figures of speech, s u c h as the slick Austrian description of a societal misfit as someone "who ate those madness-inducing mushrooms." But, there is another, very different, magic mushroom legacy as well. Flesh of the Gods for Devil Worshippers The Old World. Mycenaean civilization began with a mushroom trip -Mushrooms were an ingredient in the ambrosia of Dionysus. Porphyrius, the fourth century Latin poet and contemporary of Emperor Konstantin, knew that magic mushrooms were the children of the gods. WHO WAS THE FIRST MAGICIAN? A quasi-cannibalistic ritual, the act of eating the children of the gods unlocked one's power to experience the truly divine. But not all mushrooms enable human beings to enter the realm of divine consciousness. This magic power resides in only those fungi known as "fool's mushrooms", which were considered poisonous and believed to be the spawn of the Devil throughout the late Middle Ages and well into modern times. The New World: The Aztecs in Mexico referred to a number of small, inconspicuous mushrooms as teonartacatl, or "flesh of the Gods." These sacred mushrooms were eaten during the course of rituals intended to contact the Gods in order to learn about the world and the realm of the divine. These magic mushroom rituals thoroughly spooked the Catholic Spaniards. The mushroom eaters, commonly thought of as Devil worshippers, were hounded by the Inquisition. Still, all good things survive the tests of time, so the cult of magic mushroom eaters did not become extinct. Like mycelia underground, the cult continued to flourish, and at the proper time in recorded history, in 1957, the fruit of the fully grown mushroom re-surfaced to draw widespread public attention. Valentine and Gordon Wasson became the heroes of the modern neo-mycophilic movement. Back to the Old World: The revelations and insights gained from the use of psychoactive mushrooms were so magically wonderful, that our native European "fool's mushrooms" - which were gene ; considered inedible - had to be recognized as closely related to the magic mushrooms of Mexico, the flesh of the Aztec Gods. The souls of magic mushrooms in Mexico and Germany are essentially made from the same substance: psilocybin. Jochen Gartz has made an extraordinary contribution to the field of mycology by embracing Germany's magic mushrooms and the scientific study and testing of these fungi. The research efforts upon which this book is based require nothing less than a fearless, brave and courageous consciousness, free of prejudice and mycophobia. I am convinced that a researcher's consciousness infused by the spirit of the magic mushroom is capable of far deeper scientific insights than we can ever expect from the usual ivory tower academics, isolated from reality a have been reported from the following countries: Finland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, The Netherlands, Belgium, France, Russia, Poland, the former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Scotland, England, Wales, Italy and Spain. Unfortunately, there are no comprehensive maps detailing the species's distribution pattern. Traditionally, mycologists have often neglected relatively tiny species, such as Psilocybe semilanceata, that tend to share their habitats with other, more prominent species. The sarcastic phrase "The mushrooms occur in abundance wherever mycologists abound" is particularly pertinent in reference to the Psilocybe species. Prior to the discovery of psilocybin, the Psilocybe genus languished in the literature, shrouded in obscurity. To this day, few 189. Psilocybe semilanceata Fr. Worthless] The cap is uniformly conic to bell-shaped, with a pointy or obtuse center forming an almost wart-like protrusion; initially, caps are often taller than they are wide, margins are bent and curved inward; later on, width of cap is 1.5-4 cm. Hygrophanous; coloration is a dirtyish olive-brown when wet, with translucent striate margins; at the center, coloration is ocher or greenish-yellow against an overall shade of smudgy pale yellow and oftentimes some greenish stains; only the margins are banded by a darkcolored, watery stripe around the edge. No stripes or banding evident when mushrooms are completely dried. Lacking a veil, caps are thin-fleshed, bald, with an easily separable pellicle that remains gelatinous-sticky for a long time, turning shiny when dry. Gills are olive brown to blackish purple brown in color, with the edges often remaining white, gill spacing is quite crowded; gill attachment is either roughly linear or mostly adnexed; up to 3.5 mm wide; attached at the stem only, fully detached later on. Spores are elongated to ellipitical in shape, smooth and large, measuring 12-16 u by 6-8,u. Color of spore dust is blackish purple brown. Stem is very slender, almost uniformly thin and always twisted, 6-12 cm long and 1.25-2 mm thick, yellowish or whitish in color; areas subjected to pressure develop bluishgreen stains. Stems are silky smooth and roughly at the center, cortinate fibrils appear like remnants of a veil, which is brittle and lined with a white fibrous cord of wool-like texture. When dry, the flesh of the cap is colored pale yellow, while the stem's flesh is ocher brown in color, especially towards the bottom. It is odorless and its flavor is mild. The mushroom grows from August to October, frequently in gregarious clusters, and can be found in pastures and along roadways, growing on dung that has undergone complete decomposition. It is not a particularly rare species. Figure 11(above) This excellent description of Psilocybe semilanceata by Michael & Schulz (1927) is shown here as originally published in German, with an English translation. Mycologists sp ulinary mushroom bears no resemblance, either in size or form, to Inocybe aeruginascens. Overall, however, these unfortunate cases have also contributed to our understanding of mushroom biochemistry. In this context, I want to emphasize once more that the hallucinogenic varieties among the Inocybes can easily be mistaken for those muscarine-producing Inocybe species that are extremely poisonous. As part of his investigation of the Psilocybe genus, Guzman noted a common trait among the hallucinogenic species, in addition to the bluing reaction: a flour-like smell or taste. Apart from the inherent subjective nature of our sense of smell and taste, a common odor is a trait that definitely does not apply to the European species (also see Chapter 3.2). Mycophile or Mycophobe? There are reports from the Western United States about people with expert knowledge of Psilocybe semilanceata - devoted mushroom hunters who can identify the species with drill and accuracy. At the same time, however, these experts cannot identify easily spotted common table mushrooms, nor are they able to differentiate the Agaricus species (champignons) from other mushrooms, even when these species grow on the same pasture. Such individuals, then, are not interested in species other than Psilocybe semilanceata. In my opinion, this attitude reflects a rare combination of mycophilia and mycophobia. A mushroom's spore dust provides important information needed to determine identity. A spore print is left by the gills when the cap is placed on black or white paper (depending on spore color). As the process takes several hours, a glass vessel must be placed over the cap to prevent drying. While useful, information obtained from spore analyses has its limitations, For instance, spores derived from mushrooms belonging to different genera may have the same color, but reveal basic differences under the microscope. There is also a high degree of similarity among spores from different Psilocybe species. Thus, the only way to prevent grave errors and potentially deadly intoxications is to rely on experienced experts for mushroom identification, a process that must include analysis of available ecological data. CHAPTER 5 THE BLUING PHENOMENON AND METOL TESTING: REALITY VS. WISHFUL THINKING As previously discussed in Chapters 3.1 and 3.7, the bluing reaction is characteristic of species that produce psilocybin. Still, for unknown reasons, some species or samples belonging to a genus that usually turns blue may not always change color, regardless of psilocybin content. Among the species that I have examined, Psilocybe bohemica displayed the most impressive bluing reaction. The caps of this species stain very quickly in reaction to pressure. Other species, such as Psilocybe cubensis (Earle) Sing. have stems that develop very intensely blue stains, while their caps do not exhibit the bluing reaction. By contrast, Psilocybe <p align="center"> &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#100&#111&#99&#117&#109&#101&#110&#116 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/psilocybecubensismxican.php" title="Psilocybecubensismxican" alt="Psilocybecubensismxican" >Psilocybecubensismxican</a> &#112&#114&#111&#118&#105&#100&#101&#115 <i>things to bring shrooms</i> complete directions for cultivating psilocybin </p> . For that reason, freeze-dried samples for biochemical analysis are stored at -10°C prior to alkaloid extractions or chromatography testing. In addition to the reports from Finland, investigators in North America have noted that psilocybin's decay rate is slowest in Psilocybe semilanceata, compared to other species. (1) R = H2P03 (2) R = H Figure 19 - Structural formulas for psilocybin (1) and psilocin (2). CH3 CH3 Psilocybe semilanceata Figure 20 - Distribution pattern of Psilocybe semilanceata in Germany and adjacent areas. Locations are indicated by black dots. CHAPTER 3.2 PSILOCYBE CYANESCENS - POTENT MUSHROOMS GROWING ON WOOD DEBRIS At least one other Psilocybe species in addition to Psilocybe semilanceata is known to exist in Europe. At this point, I must emphasize that the differentiation of single species within the Psilocybe genus is subject to considerable controversy among eminent taxonomists. For example, there are different methods of distinguishing the Hypholoma genus from the Stropharia genus. The Widespread Distribution of Psilocybe cyanescens While Psilocybe semilanceata is a species that has long been clearly defined and is well known by this name, there are, according to Krieglsteiner, other strongly bluing mushrooms that can be described as belonging to the "Psilocybe cyanescens complex". These are all mushrooms that grow on raw compost and plant debris. In accordance with current states of knowledge, the following names in the literature are merely synonyms for Psilocybe cyanescens Wakefield emend. Krieglsteiner: different herbariums. However, the microscopic data pertaining to the Psilocybe species are poorly delineated and oftentimes overlap. It is therefore imperative that additional mycological studies of Psilocybe cyanescens be performed. To this end, fresh mushroom samples from various European locations should be used, and biochemical methods must be included in the investigation. Guzman's division of Psilocybe cyanescens by geographic area, however, definitely turned out to be inaccurate. According to his system, -North Africa was home to Psilocybe mairei, while Psilocybe cyanescens were found in England and Holland and Psilocybe serbica supposedly grew in Serbia and Bohemia. The geographic distribution of the entire species seems to cover a vast area, with variations along climate and terrain at locations where samples were collected. Such disparate morphologies are to be expected when dealing with "young" species, that is, species that have not yet firmly established themselves and are still expanding into new locations. Figure 7 (p. 14) displays locations in Europe and North Africa where samples of Psilocybe cyanescens have been found. - Hypholoma cyanescens R. Maire - Hypholoma coprinifacies (Rolland ss. Herink) Pouzar - Geophila cyanescens (R. Maire) Kuhner & Romagnesi - Psilocybe serbica Moser & Horak - Psilocybe mairei Singer - Psilocyb <p align="left"> as well. Below are some excerpts from his research protocols: J.H. (a 24-year-old male) ingested &#102&#111&#117&#114&#13&#10&#99&#111&#111&#107&#101&#100 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#97&#116 &#110&#105&#103&#104&#116&#44 after a &#109&#101&#97&#108 &#40&#33&#41&#44 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101&#110 &#97&#116&#101 another three fresh mushrooms 30 &#109&#105&#110&#117&#116&#101&#115&#13&#10&#108&#97&#116&#101&#114&#46 &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#119&#97&#115 &#102&#111&#108&#108&#111&#119&#101&#100 &#98&#121 regurgitation, and 45 minutes &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114&#44 &#104&#101 &#115&#116&#97&#114&#116&#101&#100 &#116&#111 sweat profusely &#97&#108&#108 &#111&#118&#101&#114&#13&#10&#104&#105&#115 &#104&#101&#97&#100 &#97&#110&#100 body. His pulse rate and breathing were accelerated, but slowed down later on. He laid down and experienced &#118&#105&#115&#117&#97&#108&#13&#10&#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#44 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#99&#97&#117&#115&#101&#100 &#104&#105&#109 to panic &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#111&#13&#10&#114&#117&#110 &#97 &#100&#105&#115&#116&#97&#110&#99&#101 of about 1,200 ft. to consult the nearest doctor. The physician noted widely dilated pupils, and proceeded to have &#116&#104&#101 &#112&#97&#116&#105&#101&#110&#116&#39&#115&#13&#10&#115&#116&#111&#109&#97&#99&#104 &#112&#117&#109&#112&#101&#100 &#97&#110&#100 then prescribed laxatives. Three hours later, the abnormal state had largely subsided; by &#116&#104&#101 &#110&#101&#120&#116 &#109&#111&#114&#110&#105&#110&#103&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#114&#101 was &#110&#111&#13&#10&#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#111&#102 &#97&#110&#121 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 side effects.<br> M.<br>K.<br> (a 22-year-old male) &#97&#116&#101 &#106&#117&#115&#116 &#111&#110&#101&#13&#10&#102&#114&#101&#115&#104 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#44 which had no effects at all. K .Y. &#40&#97 &#51&#49&#45&#121&#101&#97&#114&#45&#111&#108&#100 &#109&#97&#108&#101&#41 &#97&#116&#101 &#102&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#46 Regurgitation occurred 30 minutes after ingestion, followed by &#115&#119&#101&#97&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#97&#114&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#104&#101&#97&#100 &#97&#110&#100 body; his extremities appeared to be slightly paralyzed. This paralysis persisted for another three hours.<br> During this time, &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#106&#101&#99&#116&#13&#10&#104&#97&#100 &#103&#114&#101&#97&#116 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#105&#99&#117&#108&#116&#105&#101&#115 handling a pen for writing, his mood was depressed &#97&#110&#100 &#104&#101 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#101&#110&#99&#101&#100&#13&#10&#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#44 &#115&#117&#99&#104 &#97&#115 colorful lights flooding down from the sky. By &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#111&#108&#108&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#109&#111&#114&#110&#105&#110&#103&#44 &#97&#108&#108&#13&#10&#111&#102 these effects had dissipated.<br> The &#102&#114&#101&#115&#104 &#102&#114&#117&#105&#116&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#98&#111&#100&#105&#101&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#98&#105&#116&#116&#101&#114&#44 a &#116&#97&#115&#116&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#100&#105&#115&#97&#112&#112&#101&#97&#114&#101&#100 &#97&#102&#116&#101&#114&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 mushrooms had been cooked &#105&#110 &#119&#97&#116&#101&#114&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#97&#98&#111&#118&#101 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#114&#105&#109&#101&#110&#116&#115 are rather amateurish, and &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#112&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#102 &#114&#101&#115&#117&#108&#116&#115 are heavily &#105&#110&#102&#108&#117&#101&#110&#99&#101&#100 &#98&#121 &#97 &#115&#105&#109&#112&#108&#105&#115&#116&#105&#99 perspective which assumes that the mushrooms's pharmacological effects proceed along a &#115&#105&#110&#103&#108&#101&#44&#13&#10&#110&#97&#114&#114&#111&#119 &#116&#114&#97&#99&#107&#46 &#83&#116&#105&#108&#108&#44 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#97&#99&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#115 demonstrate that comparable dosages of Japanese mushroom species have psychotropic effects similar to those caused by Psilocybe &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#111&#110 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116&#115&#46&#13&#10&#77&#117&#99&#104 work still remains &#116&#111 &#98&#101 &#100&#111&#110&#101 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101&#97&#115 of &#112&#104&#121&#116&#111&#99&#104&#101&#109&#105&#115&#116&#114&#121 &#97&#110&#100 &#116&#97&#120&#111&#110&#111&#109&#121 &#98&#101&#102&#111&#114&#101 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/geralddeason.php" title="Geralddeason" alt="Geralddeason" >Geralddeason</a> the body &#111&#102 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#108&#101&#100&#103&#101 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 mushroom species &#105&#110 &#74&#97&#112&#97&#110 &#99&#97&#110 &#103&#114&#111&#119 &#116&#111 become adequate. The &#103&#101&#111&#103&#114&#97&#112&#104&#105&#99 &#100&#105&#115&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#97&#110&#100 &#105&#110&#103&#114&#101&#100&#105&#101&#110&#116&#115 of the Japanese &#80&#97&#110&#97&#101&#111&#108&#117&#115 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#109&#117&#115&#116 &#97&#108&#115&#111 be studied further. For instance, Panaeolus subbalteatus &#105&#115&#13&#10&#111&#110&#101 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/kits+mushroom.php" title="Kits Mushroom" alt="Kits Mushroom" >Kits Mushroom</a> &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 that &#97&#114&#101 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#110 &#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#97&#108&#13&#10&#74&#97&#112&#97&#110&#101&#115&#101 &#105&#115&#108&#97&#110&#100&#115 today.<br> CHAPTER <u>Magic Magic Chips Magic Mushrooms</u> 7.6 INTOXICATIONS AND THE OLDEST KNOWN MUSHROOM CULT IN AFRICA So far, the mycoflora of the African continent has &#98&#101&#101&#110 &#115&#116&#117&#100&#105&#101&#100 &#111&#110&#108&#121 &#112&#101&#114&#105&#112&#104&#101&#114&#97&#108&#108&#121 and remains largely unknown. &#68&#117&#114&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101 &#108&#97&#116&#101 &#49&#57&#56&#48&#115&#44&#13&#10&#73&#116&#97&#108&#105&#97&#110 mycologist &#71&#46 &#83&#97&#109&#111&#114&#105&#110&#105 &#97&#110&#100 &#84&#101&#114&#101&#110&#99&#101&#13&#10&#77&#99&#75&#101&#110&#110&#97&#44 working independently, found evidence for the oldest known &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#99&#117&#108&#116 &#105&#110 &#65&#102&#114&#105&#99&#97&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101&#105&#114 discoveries were &#110&#111&#116 &#106&#117&#115&#116 &#115&#101&#110&#115&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#97&#108&#44 &#98&#117&#116&#13&#10&#109&#111&#115&#116 surprising &#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108&#46 &#79&#110 &#116&#104&#101 other hand, it really shouldn't come as a surprise that the &#111&#108&#100&#101&#115&#116&#13&#10&#116&#114&#97&#99&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#104&#117&#109&#97&#110 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#97&#99&#116 &#119&#105&#116&#104 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101&#13&#10&#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 on the very continent &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#99&#114&#97&#100&#108&#101 of humanity. 10,000 Years Old From 9,000 to </p> <p align="left"> &#84&#104&#101&#114&#101 &#97&#114&#101 &#109&#111&#114&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#49 dozen &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#111&#102 &#34&#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#34 in <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/mushrooms+from+south+America.php" title="Mushrooms From South America" alt="Mushrooms From South America" >Mushrooms From South America</a> &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#97&#108&#105&#97 &#97&#110&#100 &#78&#101&#119 &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100&#46 &#70&#111&#117&#114 of these &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#100&#117&#110&#103 &#40&#109&#97&#110&#117&#114&#101&#41 inhabiting mushrooms. They include Psilocybe &#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 &#97&#110&#100&#47&#111&#114 &#80&#115&#105&#108&#111&#99&#121&#98&#101 &#115&#117&#98&#99&#117&#98&#101&#110&#115&#105&#115 (known locally as "gold caps" <u>gold top mushrooms nz</u> and/or "gold tops"), Psilocybe subaeruginosa, and Copelandia cyanescens &#40&#116&#104&#101 &#108&#97&#116&#116&#101&#114 &#105&#115 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 locally as &#34&#98&#108&#117&#101 &#109&#101&#97&#110&#105&#101&#115&#34&#41&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#102&#111&#117&#114 species &#99&#111&#110&#116&#97&#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#109&#105&#110&#100 &#97&#108&#116&#101&#114&#105&#110&#103 alkaloids psilocybine and psilocine and are the most common hallucinogenic mushrooms in Australia. &#73&#110 &#78&#101&#119 &#90&#101&#97&#108&#97&#110&#100&#44 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/myspace+mushroom+contact+tables.php" title="Tables Chat Tables Chat Tables Chat Mushroom" alt="Tables Chat Tables Chat Tables Chat Mushroom" >Tables Chat Tables Chat Tables Chat Mushroom</a> &#116&#104&#101 most commonly used &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 &#97&#114&#101 &#67&#111&#112&#101&#108&#97&#110&#100&#105&#97 &#99&#121&#97&#110&#101&#115&#99&#101&#110&#115 and Psilocybe semilanceata, the latter species is recognized throughout the world as the &#34&#108&#105&#98&#101&#114&#116&#121 &#99&#97&#112&#34&#41&#46 &#84&#104&#105&#115 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 only occurs in manured soil and does not grow directly &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#117&#110&#103 &#111&#102 cattle, sheep or other four legged farm animals.<br> Psilocybe cubensis the most popular of these species, is well known throughout much of the world; however, this species &#105&#115 &#110&#111&#116 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#116&#111 occur in New Zealand.<br> Other species described in this guide are known to occur in manured &#115&#111&#105&#108&#44 &#105&#110 &#112&#97&#115&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115&#44 &#109&#101&#97&#100&#111&#119&#115&#44 grazing lands, some &#108&#97&#119&#110&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#98&#97&#114&#107 mulch and woodchips of deciduous woods. </p> </p> <p><p align="center"> &#120&#105&#99&#97&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#44 &#115&#111 that these materials need not be &#114&#101&#112&#101&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#105&#115&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#116&#101&#120&#116&#46 <u>Uses Of Mushrooms</u> &#72&#111&#119&#101&#118&#101&#114&#44 certain aspects concerning &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#109&#111&#114&#101 &#114&#101&#99&#101&#110&#116 &#117&#115&#101&#115 &#111&#102 these mushrooms &#97&#115 &#119&#101&#108&#108 &#97&#115&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101&#105&#114 &#99&#111&#110&#100&#105&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 of growth will receive more detailed attention &#105&#110 &#108&#97&#116&#101&#114 &#99&#104&#97&#112&#116&#101&#114&#115&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#101 &#109&#97&#105&#110 purpose &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#98&#111&#111&#107 &#105&#115 to inspire further study &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#44&#13&#10&#112&#97&#114&#116&#105&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#98&#97&#115&#105&#99 research &#101&#102&#102&#111&#114&#116&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#109&#101&#100&#105&#99&#97&#108&#13&#10&#97&#112&#112&#108&#105&#99&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115 &#111&#102 magic mushroom ingredients. The extensive bibliography will &#104&#101&#108&#112&#13&#10&#115&#99&#105&#101&#110&#116&#105&#115&#116&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#114&#101&#115&#116&#101&#100 mycophiles &#116&#111&#13&#10&#102&#117&#114&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#105&#109&#109&#101&#114&#115&#101 &#116&#104&#101&#109&#115&#101&#108&#118&#101&#115 &#105&#110 this complex &#97&#114&#101&#97&#13&#10&#111&#102 &#115&#116&#117&#100&#121&#46&#13&#10&#74&#111&#99&#104&#101&#110 &#71&#97&#114&#116&#122&#13&#10&#70&#105&#103&#117&#114&#101 &#54 - Bronze doors with mushroom motif entitled "Trial and Judgment" at Hildesheim Cathedral, &#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121 &#40&#99&#97&#46 &#49&#48&#50&#48&#41&#46&#13&#10&#67&#72&#65&#80&#84&#69&#82 &#50&#13&#10&#82&#69&#70&#76&#69&#67&#84&#73&#79&#78&#83 ON THE HISTORY AND &#83&#67&#73&#69&#78&#84&#73&#70&#73&#67 &#83&#84&#85&#68&#89 &#79&#70 &#77&#65&#71&#73&#67 &#77&#85&#83&#72&#82&#79&#79&#77&#83&#13&#10&#73&#116 is &#114&#101&#109&#97&#114&#107&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#110&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101 to &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#65&#109&#101&#114&#105&#99&#97&#110 &#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#101&#110&#116 &#107&#110&#101&#119 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 a relatively large number of natural mind-altering substances compared to &#101&#97&#114&#108&#121 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#101&#118&#111&#108&#118&#101&#100 in Europe or Asia. <u>Moon children</u> Botanical evidence does not support the notion that Europe is home to fewer <u>Moon children</u> hallucinogenic plants than other regions. Furthermore, the growing number of &#114&#101&#99&#101&#110&#116&#108&#121 &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115 containing psilocybin indicate a flourishing &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 &#109&#121&#99&#111&#102&#108&#111&#114&#97 &#105&#110 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#13&#10&#115&#105&#109&#105&#108&#97&#114 to those &#102&#111&#117&#110&#100 &#105&#110 &#111&#116&#104&#101&#114 &#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#114&#105&#101&#115&#46&#13&#10&#73&#116 is unlikely that early &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115&#13&#10&#108&#101&#97&#114&#110&#101&#100 &#108&#101&#115&#115 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 local plants and mushrooms through usage and experience than cultures elsewhere &#105&#110 &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#111&#114&#108&#100&#46 &#77&#111&#115&#116 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121&#44 early cultural knowledge &#111&#102 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101 &#112&#108&#97&#110&#116&#115 and mushrooms was lost or destroyed at some time in history, probably as early as several hundred years ago. The &#100&#105&#115&#99&#111&#118&#101&#114&#121 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#108&#121 agaric mushroom (Amanita <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/Psilocybesilvaticaup.php" title="Psilocybesilvaticaup" alt="Psilocybesilvaticaup" >Psilocybesilvaticaup</a> &#109&#117&#115&#99&#97&#114&#105&#97&#41 &#119&#97&#115 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#102&#111&#114 its psychoactive properties in Siberia invited &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#99&#108&#117&#115&#105&#111&#110 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 was used as &#97&#13&#10&#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 &#97&#103&#101&#110&#116 &#105&#110 &#109&#101&#100&#105&#101&#118&#97&#108 Europe as well. In fact, there is very &#108&#105&#116&#116&#108&#101 &#101&#118&#105&#100&#101&#110&#99&#101 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 Middle Ages to indicate widespread knowledge of &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115 &#111&#102 &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#102&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 on human consciousness. However, I believe that past reports on psychoactive mushrooms &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#99&#97&#117&#115&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#108&#105&#110&#107&#101&#100&#13&#10&#116&#111 &#65&#109&#97&#110&#105&#116&#97 &#109&#117&#115&#99&#97&#114&#105&#97 simply because &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#119&#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#111&#110&#108&#121 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#116&#114&#111&#112&#105&#99 mushroom in &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101 &#97&#116&#13&#10&#116&#104&#97&#116 &#116&#105&#109&#101&#46&#13&#10&#87&#104&#105&#108&#101 &#116&#104&#101 usage of &#65&#109&#97&#110&#105&#116&#97 &#109&#117&#115&#99&#97&#114&#105&#97&#13&#10&#97&#109&#111&#110&#103 &#83&#105&#98&#101&#114&#105&#97&#110 &#116&#114&#105&#98&#101&#115 has generated &#114&#101&#112&#111&#114&#116&#115 &#111&#102&#13&#10&#115&#112&#101&#99&#116&#97&#99&#117&#108&#97&#114 &#104&#97&#108&#108&#117&#99&#105&#110&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#44 &#69&#117&#114&#111&#112&#101&#97&#110 &#97&#99&#99&#111&#117&#110&#116&#115 of fly agaric intoxications do not generally include descriptions of such intensely hallucinatory effects.<br> Accordingly, the potent hallucinogenic effects of specific Psilocybes and related &#115&#112&#101&#99&#105&#101&#115&#13&#10&#97&#114&#101 &#108&#105&#107&#101&#108&#121 &#116&#111 &#104&#97&#118&#101 had a much more significant influence on early European &#99&#117&#108&#116&#117&#114&#101&#115 &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#108&#105&#114&#105&#117&#109&#45&#108&#105&#107&#101 &#118&#105&#115&#105&#111&#110&#115 induced by Amanita muscaria, a species that is also known &#116&#111 &#105&#110&#100&#117&#99&#101&#13&#10&#117&#110&#99&#111&#110&#115&#99&#105&#111&#117&#115&#110&#101&#115&#115 &#97&#110&#100 &#115&#101&#118&#101&#114&#101 &#115&#111&#109&#97&#116&#105&#99 side &#101&#102&#102&#101&#99&#116&#115&#46&#13&#10&#84&#104&#105&#115 &#104&#121&#112&#111&#116&#104&#101&#115&#105&#115 &#105&#115 &#99&#111&#114&#114&#111&#98&#111&#114&#97&#116&#101&#100 by data from comprehensive field studies conducted &#105&#110 &#77&#101&#120&#105&#99&#111&#46&#13&#10&#73 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/mushroom+shrooms/0805+liberty+caps+psilocybe+semilancea/" title="Mushroom Shrooms 0805 Liberty Caps Psilocybe Semilancea" alt="Mushroom Shrooms 0805 Liberty Caps Psilocybe Semilancea" >Mushroom Shrooms 0805 Liberty Caps Psilocybe Semilancea</a> &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#101 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#104&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#105&#99 accounts including &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101&#13&#10&#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#98&#101&#100 &#98&#101&#108&#111&#119 &#45 &#105&#110&#100&#105&#99&#97&#116&#101 &#97 knowledge of </p> There are more than 1 dozen species of "magic mushrooms" in Australia and New Zealand. Four of these species are dung (manure) inhabiting mushrooms. They include Psilocybe cubensis and/or Psilocybe subcubensis (known locally as "gold caps" and/or "gold tops"), Psilocybe subaeruginosa, and Copelandia cyanescens (the latter is known locally as "blue meanies"). These four species contain the mind altering alkaloids psilocybine and psilocine and are the most common hallucinogenic mushrooms in Australia. In New Zealand, the most commonly used species are Copelandia cyanescens and Psilocybe semilanceata, the latter species is recognized throughout the world as the "liberty cap"). This species only occurs in manured soil and does not grow directly from the dung of cattle, sheep or other four legged farm animals. Psilocybe cubensis the most popular of these species, is well known throughout much of the world; however, this species is not known to occur in New Zealand. Other species described in this guide are known to occur in manured soil, in pastures, meadows, grazing lands, some lawns and in the bark mulch and woodchips of deciduous woods. own cause of death and disease, bloated stomachs and insanity. Beliefs such as these have survived to the present day. They persist, for example,,, as figures of speech, s u c h as the slick Austrian description of a societal misfit as someone "who ate those madness-inducing mushrooms." But, there is another, very different, magic mushroom legacy as well. Flesh of the Gods for Devil Worshippers The Old World. Mycenaean civilization began with a mushroom trip -Mushrooms were an ingredient in the ambrosia of Dionysus. Porphyrius, the fourth century Latin poet and contemporary of Emperor Konstantin, knew that magic mushrooms were the children of the gods. WHO WAS THE FIRST MAGICIAN? A quasi-cannibalistic ritual, the act of eating the children of the gods unlocked one's power to experience the truly divine. But not all mushrooms enable human beings to enter the realm of divine consciousness. This magic power resides in only those fungi known as "fool's mushrooms", which were considered poisonous and believed to be the spawn of the Devil throughout the late Middle Ages and well into modern times. The New World: The Aztecs in Mexico referred to a number of small, inconspicuous mushrooms as teonartacatl, or "flesh of the Gods." These sacred mushrooms were eaten during the course of rituals intended to contact the Gods in order to learn about the world and the realm of the divine. These magic mushroom rituals thoroughly spooked the Catholic Spaniards. The mushroom eaters, commonly thought of as Devil worshippers, were hounded by the Inquisition. Still, all good things survive the tests of time, so the cult of magic mushroom eaters did not become extinct. Like mycelia underground, the cult continued to flourish, and at the proper time in recorded history, in 1957, the fruit of the fully grown mushroom re-surfaced to draw widespread public attention. Valentine and Gordon Wasson became the heroes of the modern neo-mycophilic movement. Back to the Old World: The revelations and insights gained from the use of psychoactive mushrooms were so magically wonderful, that our native European "fool's mushrooms" - which were gene ; considered inedible - had to be recognized as closely related to the magic mushrooms of Mexico, the flesh of the Aztec Gods. The souls of magic mushrooms in Mexico and Germany are essentially made from the same substance: psilocybin. Jochen Gartz has made an extraordinary contribution to the field of mycology by embracing Germany's magic mushrooms and the scientific study and testing of these fungi. The research efforts upon which this book is based require nothing less than a fearless, brave and courageous consciousness, free of prejudice and mycophobia. I am convinced that a researcher's consciousness infused by the spirit of the magic mushroom is capable of far deeper scientific insights than we can ever expect from the usual ivory tower academics, isolated from reality own cause of death &#97&#110&#100 &#100&#105&#115&#101&#97&#115&#101&#44 &#98&#108&#111&#97&#116&#101&#100 &#115&#116&#111&#109&#97&#99&#104&#115 and insanity.<br> Beliefs such as these have survived to the present day. They persist, for example,,, as figures of &#115&#112&#101&#101&#99&#104&#44 &#115 &#117 &#99 h &#97&#115 &#116&#104&#101 &#115&#108&#105&#99&#107 &#65&#117&#115&#116&#114&#105&#97&#110&#13&#10&#100&#101&#115&#99&#114&#105&#112&#116&#105&#111&#110 of a societal misfit as &#115&#111&#109&#101&#111&#110&#101 &#34&#119&#104&#111&#13&#10&#97&#116&#101 &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#109&#97&#100&#110&#101&#115&#115&#45&#105&#110&#100&#117&#99&#105&#110&#103 mushrooms." But, there is another, &#118&#101&#114&#121 &#100&#105&#102&#102&#101&#114&#101&#110&#116&#44&#13&#10&#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 &#108&#101&#103&#97&#99&#121 as well.<br> Flesh of &#116&#104&#101 &#71&#111&#100&#115 &#102&#111&#114 &#68&#101&#118&#105&#108 Worshippers The Old World. Mycenaean civilization began with a mushroom trip -Mushrooms were an ingredient in <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/pickingmagicmushroomsaustralia.php" title="Pickingmagicmushroomsaustralia" alt="Pickingmagicmushroomsaustralia" >Pickingmagicmushroomsaustralia</a> the ambrosia of Dionysus. Porphyrius, the fourth &#99&#101&#110&#116&#117&#114&#121 &#76&#97&#116&#105&#110 &#112&#111&#101&#116 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#116&#101&#109&#112&#111&#114&#97&#114&#121 of Emperor Konstantin, knew that magic mushrooms were the &#99&#104&#105&#108&#100&#114&#101&#110 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#103&#111&#100&#115&#46&#13&#10&#87&#72&#79 &#87&#65&#83 THE Magic Magic Magic Scientific Name FIRST MAGICIAN? A quasi-cannibalistic ritual, the &#97&#99&#116 &#111&#102 &#101&#97&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#99&#104&#105&#108&#100&#114&#101&#110 of the gods unlocked one's Magic Magic Magic Scientific Name power to experience the truly divine.<br> But not &#97&#108&#108&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#101&#110&#97&#98&#108&#101 &#104&#117&#109&#97&#110 &#98&#101&#105&#110&#103&#115 to &#101&#110&#116&#101&#114 &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#114&#101&#97&#108&#109 &#111&#102 &#100&#105&#118&#105&#110&#101 consciousness. This magic power resides in only &#116&#104&#111&#115&#101 &#102&#117&#110&#103&#105 &#107&#110&#111&#119&#110 &#97&#115 "fool's mushrooms", &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#119&#101&#114&#101 &#99&#111&#110&#115&#105&#100&#101&#114&#101&#100 &#112&#111&#105&#115&#111&#110&#111&#117&#115&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 &#98&#101&#108&#105&#101&#118&#101&#100 to be the spawn of the Devil throughout the late Middle Ages and well into modern times. The New World: The &#65&#122&#116&#101&#99&#115 &#105&#110 &#77&#101&#120&#105&#99&#111&#13&#10&#114&#101&#102&#101&#114&#114&#101&#100 &#116&#111 a number of small, inconspicuous mushrooms as teonartacatl, or "flesh of the Gods." &#84&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#115&#97&#99&#114&#101&#100 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 &#119&#101&#114&#101 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/Panaeolus+cyanescens+gold+tops/european+magic+mushrooms.php" title="Panaeolus Cyanescens Gold Tops European Magic Mushrooms" alt="Panaeolus Cyanescens Gold Tops European Magic Mushrooms" >Panaeolus Cyanescens Gold Tops European Magic Mushrooms</a> eaten during the &#99&#111&#117&#114&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#114&#105&#116&#117&#97&#108&#115 &#105&#110&#116&#101&#110&#100&#101&#100 to contact the Gods in order to &#108&#101&#97&#114&#110 &#97&#98&#111&#117&#116 &#116&#104&#101 &#119&#111&#114&#108&#100 and the realm &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101 &#100&#105&#118&#105&#110&#101&#46 &#84&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 mushroom rituals thoroughly &#115&#112&#111&#111&#107&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#101 &#67&#97&#116&#104&#111&#108&#105&#99&#13&#10&#83&#112&#97&#110&#105&#97&#114&#100&#115&#46 &#84&#104&#101 mushroom eaters, commonly thought of as Devil worshippers, were hounded by the Inquisition. Still, all &#103&#111&#111&#100 &#116&#104&#105&#110&#103&#115 &#115&#117&#114&#118&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#116&#104&#101 &#116&#101&#115&#116&#115 of time, so the cult of magic mushroom eaters did not become extinct. Like mycelia underground, the cult &#99&#111&#110&#116&#105&#110&#117&#101&#100 &#116&#111 &#102&#108&#111&#117&#114&#105&#115&#104&#44 &#97&#110&#100&#13&#10&#97&#116 the proper &#116&#105&#109&#101 &#105&#110 &#114&#101&#99&#111&#114&#100&#101&#100 &#104&#105&#115&#116&#111&#114&#121&#44 in 1957, the fruit of &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#117&#108&#108&#121 &#103&#114&#111&#119&#110 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109 re-surfaced to draw widespread public attention.<br> Valentine and Gordon &#87&#97&#115&#115&#111&#110 &#98&#101&#99&#97&#109&#101 &#116&#104&#101 &#104&#101&#114&#111&#101&#115 of &#116&#104&#101&#13&#10&#109&#111&#100&#101&#114&#110 &#110&#101&#111&#45&#109&#121&#99&#111&#112&#104&#105&#108&#105&#99 &#109&#111&#118&#101&#109&#101&#110&#116&#46&#13&#10&#66&#97&#99&#107 &#116&#111 the Old &#87&#111&#114&#108&#100&#58 &#84&#104&#101 &#114&#101&#118&#101&#108&#97&#116&#105&#111&#110&#115&#13&#10&#97&#110&#100 &#105&#110&#115&#105&#103&#104&#116&#115 gained from &#116&#104&#101 &#117&#115&#101 &#111&#102 &#112&#115&#121&#99&#104&#111&#97&#99&#116&#105&#118&#101&#13&#10&#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115 were so &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#119&#111&#110&#100&#101&#114&#102&#117&#108&#44 &#116&#104&#97&#116&#13&#10&#111&#117&#114 &#110&#97&#116&#105&#118&#101 <H1>Mushrooms England In In</H1> European &#34&#102&#111&#111&#108&#39&#115 &#109&#117&#115&#104&#114&#111&#111&#109&#115&#34 &#45 &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104&#13&#10&#119&#101&#114&#101 gene ; considered inedible - had to be recognized as closely related to the magic mushrooms &#111&#102 &#77&#101&#120&#105&#99&#111&#44 &#116&#104&#101 &#102&#108&#101&#115&#104 of the Aztec Gods.<br> &#84&#104&#101 &#115&#111&#117&#108&#115 &#111&#102 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 mushrooms in Mexico and Germany are &#101&#115&#115&#101&#110&#116&#105&#97&#108&#108&#121 &#109&#97&#100&#101 &#102&#114&#111&#109 &#116&#104&#101 same substance: psilocybin. Jochen Gartz has &#109&#97&#100&#101 &#97&#110 &#101&#120&#116&#114&#97&#111&#114&#100&#105&#110&#97&#114&#121&#13&#10&#99&#111&#110&#116&#114&#105&#98&#117&#116&#105&#111&#110 &#116&#111 the field of &#109&#121&#99&#111&#108&#111&#103&#121 &#98&#121 &#101&#109&#98&#114&#97&#99&#105&#110&#103&#13&#10&#71&#101&#114&#109&#97&#110&#121&#39&#115 &#109&#97&#103&#105&#99 mushrooms and the scientific study and &#116&#101&#115&#116&#105&#110&#103 &#111&#102 &#116&#104&#101&#115&#101 &#102&#117&#110&#103&#105&#46 &#84&#104&#101 research efforts upon &#119&#104&#105&#99&#104 &#116&#104&#105&#115 &#98&#111&#111&#107 &#105&#115 based require nothing less &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#97 &#102&#101&#97&#114&#108&#101&#115&#115&#44 &#98&#114&#97&#118&#101 and courageous consciousness, free of prejudice and mycophobia. I am &#99&#111&#110&#118&#105&#110&#99&#101&#100 &#116&#104&#97&#116 &#97 &#114&#101&#115&#101&#97&#114&#99&#104&#101&#114&#39&#115 consciousness infused by the spirit of the magic mushroom is capable of far deeper scientific insights &#116&#104&#97&#110 &#119&#101&#13&#10&#99&#97&#110 &#101&#118&#101&#114 &#101&#120&#112&#101&#99&#116 from &#116&#104&#101 &#117&#115&#117&#97&#108 &#105&#118&#111&#114&#121 &#116&#111&#119&#101&#114&#13&#10&#97&#99&#97&#100&#101&#109&#105&#99&#115&#44 isolated from reality It has been suggested by an Australian physician that the general public in Australia, as well as members of its drug using subculture, Existing evidence indicates that man in the Old World —Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia—has made less use of native plants and shrubs for their hallucinogenic properties than has man in the New World. There is little reason to believe that the vegetation of one half of the globe is poorer or richer in species with hallucinogenic properties than the other half. Why, then, should there be such disparity? Has man in the Old World simply not discovered many of the native hallucinogenic plants? Are some of them too toxic in other ways to be utilized? Or has man in the Old World been culturally less interested in narcotics? We have no real answer. But we do know that the Old World has fewer known species employed hallucinogenically than does the New World: compared with only 15 or 20 species used in the Eastern Hemisphere, the species used hallucinogenically in the Western Hemisphere number more than 100! Yet some of the Old World hallucinogens today hold places of primacy throughout the world. Cannabis, undoubtedly the most widespread of all the hallucinogens, is perhaps the best example. The several solanaceous ingredients of medieval witches' brews—henbane, nightshade, belladonna, and mandrake—greatly influenced European philosophy, medicine, and even history for many years. Some played an extraordinarily vital religious role in the early Aryan cultures of northern India. The role of hallucinogens in the cultural and social development of many areas of the Old World is only now being investigated. At every turn, its exte Existing evidence indicates that man in the Old World —Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia—has made less use of native plants and shrubs for their hallucinogenic properties than has man in the New World. There is little reason to believe that the vegetation of one half of the globe is poorer or richer in species with hallucinogenic properties than the other half. Why, then, should there be such disparity? Has man in the Old World simply not discovered many of the native hallucinogenic plants? Are some of them too toxic in other ways to be utilized? Or has man in the Old World been culturally less interested in narcotics? We have no real answer. But we do know that the Old World has fewer known species employed hallucinogenically than does the New World: compared with only 15 or 20 species used in the Eastern Hemisphere, the species used hallucinogenically in the Western Hemisphere number more than 100! Yet some of the Old World hallucinogens today hold places of primacy throughout the world. Cannabis, undoubtedly the most widespread of all the hallucinogens, is perhaps the best example. The several solanaceous ingredients of medieval witches' brews—henbane, nightshade, belladonna, and mandrake—greatly influenced European philosophy, medicine, and even history for many years. Some played an extraordinarily vital religious role in the early Aryan cultures of northern India. The role of hallucinogens in the cultural and social development of many areas of the Old World is only now being investigated. At every turn, its exte </p> </div> <div id="footer"> <div class="left"> <a href="/Forum.html" class="doNotPrint">Chat</a><br /> <a href="/Articles.html" class="doNotPrint">About</a> </div> <br class="doNotDisplay doNotPrint" /> <div class="right"> copyright © 2006 <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/ohio+mushroom.php" title="Ohio Mushroom" alt="Ohio Mushroom" >Ohio Mushroom</a><br /> design by <a href="http://mushroomstore.biz/shroomsdrawingofdeathtrees.php" title="Shroomsdrawingofdeathtrees" alt="Shroomsdrawingofdeathtrees" >Shroomsdrawingofdeathtrees</a> </div></div> </body>